Bergen

HaugesundSunnhordland

Teesside

StavangerRyfylke

Trondheim

Erbil

Bermuda

Cayman IslandsNavassa Island (U.S.)

Turks and Caicos Islands (U.K.)

U.S. Virgin IslandsBritish Virgin Islands St.Martin / St.Maarten

Sint Eustatius and SabaMontserrat

Martinique

Guadeloupe

Anguilla

Clipperton Island (Fr.)

Palmyra Atoll(U.S.)

Johnston Atoll (U.S.)

French PolynesiaAmerican Samoa

Wallis and Futuna

Jan Mayen (No.)

Europa Island (Fr.)Réunion

Tromelin Island (Fr.)

Juan de Nova Island (Fr.)

Glorioso Islands (Fr.)

Mayotte

Wake Island (U.S.)Northern Mariana Islands

Guam

New CaledoniaCoral Sea Islands (Au.)

Ashmore and Cartier Islands (Au.)

Azores (Pt.)

Canary Islands (Es.)

Madeira (Pt.)

Chatham Islands(N.Z.)

G r e e n l a n d

Alaska(U.S.)

Galápagos Islands(Ec.)

South Orkney Islands(U.K.)

South Shetland Islands (U.K.)

Hawaii (U.S.)

Easter Island(Cl.)

Howland Island (U.S.)

Baker Island(U.S.)

Jarvis (U.S.)

Puerto Rico

Sakhalin (Ru.)

New Siberian Islands (Ru.)

Severnaya Zemlya (Ru.)Franz Josef Land (Ru.)

Novaya Zemlya (Ru.)

Gibraltar

A l e u t i a n I s l a n d s ( U . S . & R u . )

Cook Island(N.Z.)

Stockholm

Wellington

Lima

Kinshasa

Libreville

Athens

Reykjavik

Tehran

Yaren

Brussels

Frankfurt

Buenos Aires

Copenhagen

Bogotá

CanberraMontevideo

Santiago

Maseru

Johannesburg Maputo

Pemba

PretoriaAsunciónGaborone

Windhoek Nuku’alofa

Port-LouisAntananarivo

SuvaHarare

Port-VilaLa Paz

Brasília LusakaLilongwe

Apia

MoroniHoniara

LuandaDili

Jakarta

Bali

VictoriaBrazzaville

KigaliNairobi

Quito Kampala

Mogadishu

Kuala Lumpur

Taipei

YaoundéBangui

Bandar Seri BegawanSabah (N.L.)

ParamariboCayenne

Georgetown Colombo

PanamaCity

Addis Ababa

Juba

AbujaSan José Caracas

Djibouti Phnom PenhN’Djamena

Tianjin

Adrar

Managua

OuagadougouBamako

NiameySan SalvadorBangkokTegucigalpa

Guatemala CityAsmara

Yangon

SydneyPerth

Auckland

Philadelphia

Phoenix

Beglis New Orleans EastLafayette

Baton RougeLaPlace

Rio de Janeiro

AnchorageKenai

Fairbanks

Deadhorse

Arequipa

Atyrau

Aktau

KhartoumBelmopan

Islas de la Bahia

KingstonVientiane

Port-au-Prince

Mexico City

Hanoi

Ho Chi Minh City Vung Tau

HavanaMuscat

DhakaRiyadh

Nassau DohaManama

ThimphuKathmandu

Kuwait City

BasraCairo

AmmanTripoli Baghdad

Damascus IslamabadBeirutRabat Kabul

Kandahar

BagramNicosia

Tokyo

Seoul

VallettaAlgiers Tunis

Ashgabat DushanbeLisbonWashington Pyongyang

Beijing

Hong Kong (SAR)Macau (SAR)

Shenzhen

Nanjing

Dalian

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

Manila

Shanghai

Ankara Yerevan BakuMadrid

Hassi Messaoud

TashkentTbilisi

Rome

Ottawa

UlaanbaatarParis

PragueKiev

Nur-Sultan (Astana)

Almaty

London

AberdeenGlasgow

Inverness

WarsawAmsterdam

BerlinDublin Minsk

Vilnius

Moscow

Riga

Tallinn

Oslo Helsinki

Vaiaku

Bairiki

Palikir Dalap-Uliga-Darrit

SantoDomingo

El Aaiún

Geneva

Malé

Addu City

Mbabane

Dodoma

Monrovia

Nouakchott

Nouméa

Malabo

AccraTakoradiKumasi Lomé

Porto-Novo

Port HarcourtWarri

Lagos

Freetown

Conakry

BanjulDakar

Praia

Bissau

Yamoussoukro

Abu Dhabi

Dubai

PortMoresby

Mumbai

Melekeok

Naypyidaw

ZIMBABWE

ZAMBIA

ESWATINI

SAMOA

SOUTHERN PROVINCES

NAMIBIA

VIETNAM

VENEZUELA

SAINT VINCENT ANDTHE GRENADINES

BONAIRE

ArubaCURAÇAO

UZBEKISTAN

URUGUAY

BURKINA FASO

UNITED STATESOF AMERICA

UKRAINE

UNITEDKINGDOM

UGANDA

TANZANIA

TURKMENISTAN

TAIWAN

TUVALU

TURKEY

TUNISIA

TONGA

TAJIKISTAN

THAILAND

TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO

SWITZERLAND

SWEDEN

SUDAN

SAINT LUCIA

SERBIA

KOSOVO

SPAIN

SOMALIA

SAN MARINO

SLOVENIA

SOUTH AFRICA

SEYCHELLES

SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS

RWANDA

RUSSIA

PHILIPPINES

ROMANIA

MARSHALL ISLANDSPALAU

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

PORTUGAL

PANAMA

POLAND

PAKISTAN

PERU

PARAGUAY

NEW ZEALAND

NICARAGUA

SURINAME FRENCH GUIANA

NAURU

NEPAL

NORWAY

NETHERLANDS

NIGERIA

VANUATU

NIGER

MOZAMBIQUE

MALAYSIA

MEXICO

MONTENEGRO

MALDIVES

OMAN

MALTA

MAURITANIA

MAURITIUS

MOROCCO

MALI

NORTH MACEDONIA

MALAWI

MONGOLIAMOLDOVA

MADAGASCAR

LIBYA

LESOTHO

LIECHTENSTEINSLOVAKIA

LITHUANIA

LATVIA

LAOS

KAZAKHSTAN

NORTHKOREA

KYRGYZSTAN

KENYA

JAMAICA

JAPAN

IRAQ

ITALY

IRAN

INDIA

INDONESIA

ICELAND

HUNGARY

CROATIA

HONDURAS

HAITI

PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES

GUYANA

GUATEMALA

GREECE

GERMANY

GRENADA

GEORGIA

GABON

FRANCE

MICRONESIA

FIJI

FINLAND

CZECHIA

ETHIOPIASOUTHSUDAN

EL SALVADOR

ESTONIA

IRELAND

ECUADOR

DOMINICAN REP.

DENMARK

CYPRUS

CUBA

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

COSTA RICA

COLOMBIA

COMOROS

CAMEROON

CHILE

CHINA

CONGO(DRC)

CONGO

SRILANKA

CHAD

CAMBODIA

CANADA

BURUNDI

BRUNEI

BULGARIA

BHUTAN

BRAZIL SOLOMON ISLANDS

BELARUS

MYANMAR

BOLIVIA

BOSNIAAND HERZ.

BELIZE

BANGLADESH

BAHAMAS

BELGIUM

BOTSWANA

BARBADOS

AUSTRIA

AUSTRALIA

ARGENTINA

ANGOLA

ARMENIAALBANIA

AZERBAIJAN

ALGERIA

AFGHANISTAN

ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA

EGYPT

ERITREAYEMEN

SYRIA

SAUDIARABIA

QATAR

LEBANON

KUWAITJORDAN

ISRAEL

BAHRAINDammam

UNITEDARAB EMIRATES

KIRIBATI

TIMOR-LESTE

ANDORRA

MONACO

SINGAPORE

DOMINICA

SÃO TOMÉAND PRÍNCIPE

TOGO

SIERRA LEONE

SENEGAL

GUINEA-BISSAU

LIBERIA

CÔTE D’IVOIRE

GUINEA

GHANA

GAMBIA

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

CAPE VERDE

BENI

N

LUXEMBOURG

SOUTHKOREA

Rates of violent crime are very low. There is no significant political violence or civil unrest and little sectarian, communal, racial or targeted violence against foreigners. Security and emergency services are e�ective and infrastructure is sound. Transport services are of a high standard with good safety records and only occasional travel disruption. Industrial action a�ecting essential services is rare.

Violent crime rates are low and racial, sectarian or political violence or civil unrest is uncommon. If terrorism is a threat, groups have limited operational capabilities, and acts of terrorism are rare. Security and emergency services are e�ective and infrastructure is sound. Industrial action and transport disruption are infrequent.

Periodic political unrest, violent protests, insurgency and/or sporadic acts of terrorism occur. Travellers and international assignees may face risk from communal, sectarian or racial violence and violent crime. Capacity of security and emergency services and infrastructure varies. Industrial action can disrupt travel.

Protests are frequently violent and may target or disrupt foreigners; they may be exacerbated by governance issues, including security or law and order capacity. Violent crime and terrorism pose significant direct or incidental risks to travellers and international assignees. Communal, sectarian or racial violence is common and foreigners may be directly targeted. Certain parts of the country are inaccessible or o�-limits to the traveller.

Government control and law and order may be minimal or non-existent across large areas. Serious threat of violent attacks by armed groups targeting travellers and international assignees. Government and transport services are barely functional. Large parts of the country are inaccessible to foreigners.

Travel Security Risk Zones are areas within a country where the risks faced by travellers and international assignees are di�erent from the country’s overall risk environment, usually necessitating a di�erent level of preparation.

CLINIC

An accredited, integrated network of International SOS and partner clinics, practising a supervised international standard of medicine. International SOS also manages over 1,000 remote clinics and medical sites in developed and emerging countries, o�shore and remote locations on behalf of clients.

INSIGNIFICANT TRAVEL SECURITY RISK

LOW TRAVEL SECURITY RISK

MEDIUM TRAVEL SECURITY RISK

HIGH TRAVEL SECURITY RISK

EXTREME TRAVEL SECURITY RISK

REGIONAL VARIATIONS

INTERNATIONAL SOS ASSISTANCE CENTRE

Sta�ed by doctors and nurses, security specialists, air and ground logistics personnel and multilingual coordinators, our 26 Assistance Centres deliver 24/7 medical and travel security services in more than 99 languages, all over the world.

TRAVEL SECURITY RISK RATING DEFINITIONSThe travel security risk rating evaluates the threat posed to travellers and international assignees by political violence (including terrorism, insurgency, politically motivated unrest and war), social unrest (including sectarian, communal and ethnic violence) as well as violent and petty crime. Other factors, such as the robustness of the transport infrastructure, the state of industrial relations, the e�ectiveness of the security and emergency services and the country’s susceptibility to natural disasters are also considered where they are of su�cient magnitude to impact the overall risk environment for travellers.

The Travel Risk Map is a global representation of travel medical and travel security risks. Please consult International SOS for more detailed information on country-specific risks. All risk ratings shown are taken in November 2019. internationalsos.com/risk-outlook

TRAVEL RISK MAP 2020G l o b a l h e a l t h a n d travel s e c u r i t y r i s k s r e v i e w

VERY HIGH TRAVEL MEDICAL RISKHealthcare is almost non-existent or severely overtaxed. There may be very limited or no primary care, emergency care or dental services. Quality prescription drugs are frequently unavailable. Food and water-borne infections are common. Potentially life-threatening infectious diseases such as malaria and cholera may be persistently present and large outbreaks may occur.

HIGH TRAVEL MEDICAL RISKBasic emergency services, medical and dental care may be available. Specialist care is limited even in major cities. A wide range of quality prescription drugs may not be available. Food and water-borne infections are common. Potentially life-threatening infectious diseases such as malaria, typhoid and cholera may persistently pose a threat.

TRAVEL MEDICAL RISK RATING DEFINITIONSInternational SOS assigns travel medical risk ratings by assessing a range of health risks and mitigating factors, including but not limited to: infectious disease burden, environmental factors, medical evacuation data, road trauma data, standard of emergency medical services, outpatient and inpatient medical care, access to quality pharmaceutical supplies, and cultural, language or administrative barriers.

An overall single rating is given for a location; however the medical landscape can vary widely. For example, major cities may have better access to quality medical care; whereas remote or rural locations may have limited availability of health facilities and specialist care.

VARIABLE TRAVEL MEDICAL RISKSignificant variation of travel medical risk: Quality medical care, emergency services, and dental care is available from selected providers in major cities, including prescription drugs. Elsewhere: availability of these services may be limited. Similarly, exposure to food, water-borne or potentially life-threatening infectious diseases may vary.

LOW TRAVEL MEDICAL RISKQuality medical care is available throughout the country. Specialist care, emergency and dental services, and quality prescription drugs are widely available. Low risk of infectious diseases.

MEDIUM TRAVEL MEDICAL RISKQuality medical care is available from selected providers. Reliable emergency services, limited specialist and dental care are usually available. Some risk of food or water-borne diseases. Potentially life-threatening infectious diseases such as malaria and typhoid may be present.