glacial erosion clil

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GLACIAL EROSIONBy: TIJANA SEKULICSource: http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/the-formation-and-flow-of-glaciers/3248.html

VocabularyDirections: Study the following keywords and definitions.

Which words arethe hardest?

Focus on thetough ones!

1. abrade -(v) - To wear down by rubbing.*2. accumulate -(v) - To gather more and more, little by little.*3. accumulation -(n) - The act of gathering and piling up something.4. altitude -(n) - Distance above sea level.5. annually -(adv) - Yearly6. area -(n) - Geographic region.7. trough -(n) - A strong stone formation under the ground.*8. break -(v) - To split something into pieces.9. crevasse -(n) - A deep crack the ice of a glacier.10. crystallize -(v) - to turn into crystals11. erode -(v) - To slowly make less by constant action, as by the wind or moving water.12. fossilize -(v) - To turn something into a fossil (a fossil is something that is left from past ages in

the earth's history.13. further -(adj) - More distant or advanced.14. glacier -(n) - A field or stream of ice.15. originate -(v) - To create or begin something.16. polar -(adj) - Related to the top and bottom points of a globe; especially of the earth.17. resistance -(n) - Something that fights against or stops, strength.18. seasonal -(adj) - Related to a time of year.19. submerge -(v) - To put under water.20. transparent -(adj) - Easy to see through.21. trough(n)A long narrow region between two mountain walls22. vast -(adj) - Very large.


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ReadingDirections: Read the following passage carefully.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/learningzone/clips/the-formation-and-flow-of-glaciers/3248.html

Fill out the 'K' and the 'W' columns beforeyou read, and then use the 'L' column to take notes

while you read.

K W L

What do you KNOWabout glaciers and

glacial erosion?

What do you WANT to know about

glaciers and glacial erosion?

What did you LEARN about

glaciers and glacial erosion?


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1. Underlineimportant parts of the text.

2. Circlewords or phrases in the text that you dont know.

3. Put a question mark (?)next to statements you have a question about.

4. Put a check mark ()next to statements that you agree with.

Glacial erosion

Glacial erosion is a geomorphologic process going on mostly in high mountains and polar regions. It creates

erosive and accumulative forms in the relief, visible only after the glacier has melted completely. The Serbian

geographer Jovan Cvijic was the first to have discovered traces of Pleistocene glaciers in the Balkan Peninsula

in 1896.

Unlike the ice on rivers, lakes and seas, which forms when the water freezes, the glacial ice originates from

snow. It forms above the snow line, where the snow, due to low temperatures, maintains. The snow line around

the poles is at almost the same level as the sea, whereas above the equator it is above the altitude of 6000 m. In

the Alps that line is at an altitude of 3000 m. The constant thawing during the day and freezing at night, as well

as the load of the fresh snow, makes the snow compress and crystallize. Such crystallized ice in the Alps is

called firn. By further compression and re-crystallization, firn turns into glacial ice with more or less of the

trapped air and rock particles of different granulation in it, which is why it is never transparent like the ice on

other water surfaces. Layering is the most prominent feature of the glacial ice, due to its seasonal accumulation

Under the pressure of multiple layers the ice becomes fluid and starts to move.


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The place where the snow turns into firn, and the firn into ice is called the head of the glacier or cirque. It is a

semi-circular, concave shape similar to amphitheatre.

Due to the gravity, the ice in the cirque starts moving down the slope as a glacier, most frequently down the

existing river valley. Moving down, the glacier plucks the rocks from the bottom and the walls of the valley

taking them down with it. These rocks remain either on top of the glacier or else mix with the glacial ice, thus

further abrading the surface, creating smooth, polished rocky surfaces, with parallel cracks or striae. Thus, what

once was a river valley slowly changes and turns into a glacial trough. The glacial trough, which in its function

is similar to the river bed, has very steep walls and vast wavy bottom with many crevasses and breaks. The

rough bottom of the glacial trough forms due to the different resistance of rocks to erosion.

The parts of the rocks carried by the glacier are called the moraine material. It slowly accumulates in the cracks

and along the walls of the glacier, thus creating wall moraines. However, further down the mountain, away from

the feeding area, the glacier gets smaller and smaller until it finally melts. In the places where the glacier ends,

all the rocky material accumulates in the form of large arch-like walls. Behind the front or head moraines, a

terminal moraine or basin forms, behind which a lake may form after the glacier has melted.

Unlike the rivers, the glaciers move very slowly but their eroding effect is great due to the thickness of the ice

and the pressure on the surface. The Alpine glaciers move at 10-40 cm a day, whereas the Greenland glaciers

move at 10-40 m a day. Therefore, a glacier moving at 1 m a day would need 230 years to cover the distance

that the Danube in the Pannonian basin covers in a day at 1m/s.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

For a long time it was thought that the glaciers do not move. In 1788, while climbing Mont Blanc, H. de

Saussure lost his ladder in the crevasses of the glacier Mer-de-Glace. It reappeared 4050 m downhill in 1832.

This confirmed that the glacier had moved at 92 m a year, i.e. 25.2 cm a day.

Identify 3

important

details in thelesson.

1)

2)

3)

Identify 2

supporting

1)


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Question 17: What are the glacial accumulative forms of relief?

________________________________________________________________________________

Question 18: Which glaciers do you know of that are in our country?

________________________________________________________________________________

Question 19: Where is the snow line at the poles and where above the equator?

________________________________________________________________________________

Question 20: How fast do the glaciers move?

____________________________________________________________________________

Vocabulary PracticeFill in the blank

Directions: Use the word bank to identify the word that best completes the sentence.

altitude further glacier polar resistance transparent

trough crystallize originate accumulate erode abrade

annually vast fossilize break accumulation submerge

crevasse seasonal area crystallize

1. The water _______________ the rocks for thousands of years and they became smooth.

2. The ship sank after it ran into a _______________.

3. The plane flew at an _______________ of 30,000 feet.


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4. Over time the rock was _______________ by the ocean.

5. TV is getting better but it has _______________ to go before we get 3D pictures at home.

6. The ocean is _______________.

7. Electricians wear heavy rubber gloves because of their _______________ to electricity.

8. He ___________________________ his leg skiing.

9. He studied for years before the ideas _______________ in his mind.

10. The river water is so _______________ you can see fish swimming.

11. Christmas decorations are _______________.

12. Christmas trees are a tradition that ______________________ in Germany.

13. He only bought one book a week but, over the years, he _______________ many.

14. John found a _______________________ that looks like a dinosaur tooth!

15. The bird _______________ and then came back up with a fish in its mouth.


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16. Many _______________ explorers died trying to reach the north or south poles.

17. Manhattan has a thick layer of _______________ that provides the foundation for tall

buildings.

18. The explorer fell intro a crevasse and it took his companions hours to pull him out.

19. The ___________________ of wisdom takes many years.

20. The parade is held _______________ on July 4th.

Matching

Directions: Write the letter of word that matches the definition on the line. If it helps, feel free to also

draw a line between the definition and the matching word.

A. altitudeB. further

C. glacier

D. polar

E. resistance

F. transparent

G. trough

H. crystallize

I. originate

J. accumulate

K. erode

L. abradeM. annually

N. vast

O. fossilize

P. break

Q. accumulation

R. submerge

S. crevasse

T. seasonal

U. area

V. crystallize

23. _______ To wear down by rubbing.*

24. _______ A field or stream of ice.

25. _______ Distance above sea level.

26. _______ To slowly make less by constant action. as by the wind or moving water.


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Directions: For each of the words in the box, write an original sentence using the word. Circle the

vocabulary word in each sentence. Be sure to write a sentence that would help the reader better

understand the meaning of the word.

altitude further glacier polar resistance transparent

trough crystallize originate accumulate erode abradeannually vast fossilize break accumulation submerge

crevasse seasonal area crystallize

45.

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56.

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In your own words, explain the definition. Who can think of a time when this word might be used? Can you use this word in a sentence? Whats the antonym (opposite) of this word?

When appropriate, give different types of learners an opportunity to write down the new

words, associate a visual image to cue to understanding of the word, or develop aphysical action to increase the students ability to remember the new words. If possible

show visuals to make the meaning more memorable.

ALL Students will be able to increase their understanding and awareness of the new

words. SOME Students will be asked to orally demonstrate knowledge of new words.

Reading & Comprehension Questions

Students will read the text and demonstrate comprehension of the content by

answering questions.Depending on the population: Read the entire passage aloud, to model phrasing and

fluency. Pause at key moments and model good reading strategies through a think

aloud. Ask students to volunteer to read parts of the passage aloud. Instruct students

to read the passage silently and complete the questions independently, while working

with students who need more help. Ask students to complete the questions by doing

Think, Pair, Share

ALL Students will read the passage or follow along as the passage is read. ALL

Students will strive to demonstrate comprehension of the passage by answering thequestions. SOME students will be given an opportunity to share their answer aloud.

Practicing New Vocabulary

Students will be given a chance to practice applying new vocabulary by completing

cloze sentences.

Students complete this section of worksheet independently prior to group review of the

answers. When appropriate, have students work in pairs or small groups.

ALL Students will increase their familiarity with the new vocabulary and their ability tosuccessfully use these new words in context. Students who get more than two of the

cloze sentences wrong should be asked do other reinforcement (i.e. flash cards).

Summary

Teacher will review the objectives of the lesson with the class a whole.


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glacial erosion clil

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