Giải quyết sự cố mạng - Đại học Cần Thơ

5/25/2018 Gi i quy t s c m ng - i h c C n Th

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105/01/2011

GII THIU

Ging vin: Phm Hu Ti

Chng 1

TRNG I HC CN TH

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN & TT


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205/01/2011

MC CH YU CU

Mc ch:Vi mt h thng mng my tnh, ti liu lin quan n h thng

th rt quan trng cho qu qu trnh qun tr v gii quyt s c khic xy ra.Chng ny s gip ngi c bit cch lp ti liu ca

mt h thng mng theo mt qui trnh chun mc v cch thit lpng cs mng,y l trng thi hot ng n nh trn hthng thc c ngi qun tr s dng nh gi tnh trng cah thng nu c s c xy ra.

Yu cu: Sinh vin nm vng cch thc lp ti liu ca mt h thngmng

Nm vng cch thc v s dng cng c xy dng cng cs mng


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305/01/2011

NI DUNG

1.1. Lp ti liu v h thng mng

1.2. Bng cu hnh mng

1.3. Bng cu hnh h thng u cui 1.4. S hnh trng mng

1.5. Qui trnh lp ti liu h thng mng

1.6. ng cs ca h thng mng


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405/01/2011

Lp ti liu cho h thng mng (1)

ng c s mng (network baseline): lmt tp hp cc gi tr ca cc tham sc thu thp lin quan n hot ng thct ca cc thit b ang hot ng trn hthng trong iu kin hot ng bnh thng,n nh.

S18


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505/01/2011

1. Bng cu hnh mng

2. Bng thng tin cu hnh h thng u cui

3. S hnh trng mng

Lp ti liu cho h thng mng (2)


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605/01/2011

Bng cu mng phi lu thng tin chnh xc,lun cp nht mi cc h s lin quan n

phn cng v phn mm c dng trong hthng mng.

Cc thng tin ny s c dng xc nh

chnh xc cc s c khi xy ra trn h thngmng

Bng cu hnh mng (1)


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705/01/2011

Loi thit b, s hiu mu (model)

Tn thit b dng trn mng

Tn phn mm h thng (IOS) V tr lp t ca thit b (to nh, tng, phng, )

Nu l mt thit b m-un, bao gm tt c cc kiuca m-un v khe cm m-un trn thit b.

Cc a chvt l (/c MAC) ca giao din trn thit b

Cc a chlun l (a chtng Mng)t trn giaodin mng

Thng tin quan trng v mt vt l ca thit b

Bng cu hnh mng (2)


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805/01/2011

Bng cu hnh mng (3)


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905/01/2011

Bng cu hnh h thng u cui (1)

Bng cu hnh h thng u cui cha ccbn ghi chun v phn cng v phn mmc dng trong thit b u cui nh mych, my qun tr v cc my trm trn hthng v cc thit b u cui khc (my in,my qut,in thoi IP,) .

Mt h thng u cui b cu hnh sai c thtc ng tiu cc i vi hiu sut tng thca mt h thng mng.


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1005/01/2011


Tn thit b

H iu hnh v phin bn

a chIP / mt n Cng mc nh (default gateway),a chmy

ch DNS, va chmy ch WINS (nu c)

Cc ng dng mng yu cu bng thng caom cc u cui h thng ang s dng


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1205/01/2011

S hnh trng mng (1)

S hnh trng mng l hnh nh trnh by minhho cho mt h thng mng, cch thc cc thit btrong h thng kt ni vi nhau v kin trc lun lca h thng. Mi thit b mng cn c trnh bytrn s vi cc k hiu hay biu tng tun theoquy c chun.

Mi kt ni vt l hay lun l nn c biu dinbng mt ng n gin, hoc k hiu thch hp

khc. Cc giao thc nh tuyn c s dng trong h

thng cng c th hin th.


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1305/01/2011

S hnh trng mng (2)

Yu cu ti thiu cho cc s hnh trngmng bao gm cc thng tin nhsau:

Biu tng cho tt c cc thit b trong h thngv cch thc chng c kt ni vi nhau.

Kiu cc giao din

S hiu ca giao din

a chIP / mt n mng con


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1405/01/2011

S hnh trng mng (3)


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1505/01/2011

Qui trnh lp ti liu h thng mng (1)

Ti liu h thng mng phic hon tt tronggiai on thit k, lp t trc khi a vo s dngchnh thc. Thc t, c nhiu h thng mng c

thit k va vo s dng khng tun theo y cc bc trong qui trnh thit k. Phi nhanh chng lp ti liu cho h thng mng

Ti liu l mt phn khng th thiu gip cho qutrnh gii quyt s c mng c thc hin mtcch nhanh chng, hiu qu.


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1605/01/2011



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1705/01/2011


Cc lnh cn thit cho qu trnh lp cc ti liu mng ny bao gm: Lnh pingc s dng th nghim kt ni n cc thit b xa

trc khi ng nhp vo chng. Lnh telnetc s dng ng nhp t xa n mt thit b truy

cp thng tin hay cu hnh thit b. Lnh traceroute(hay trace, tracert) c s dng xc nh thngtin lin quan n vn ng i t ngun n ch ca gi tin.

Lnh show ip interface briefc s dng n s hin th tnh trngbt/ttva chIP ca tt c cc giao din trn mt thit b.

Lnh show ip routec s dng hin th thng tin trong bngnh tuyn ca mt b nh tuyn hc cc nhnh mng c ktni trc tip vi cc b nh tuyn lng ging, t cc thit b khc xa(thng qua cc tuyn ng c hc) v cc giao thc nh tuyn c nh cu hnh.

Lnh show cdp neighbor detailc dng ly c thng tin chi

tit v cc thit b (ca hng Cisco) lng ging ang kt ni trc tipvi b nh tuyn .


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1805/01/2011

ng cs ca h thng mng (1)

Thit lp c mt ng cs mng l rt cn thit vn hnh h thng mng.

Cc cu tr li cho nhng cu hi t ra khi gii quyts c mng sau y: Lm th no h thng mng my tnh hot ng nhtrong mt ngy bnh thng hoc trung bnh gia ccngy?

u l nhng vng sdng cao hn/thp hn mc trungbnh (ng csmng)? u l nhng vng m sai st thng xy ra nht? Nhng mc ngng cn no c t ra cho cc thit bcn c gim st?

Cc chnh sch ca h thng mng c th c xcnh?


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1905/01/2011

ng cs mng lc s cho php nh qun trmng xc nh s khc bit gia cc hnh vi btthng khi so snh vi ng cs mng. Xy ra khi nng cp, pht trin hoc thay i cc mu lu

thng trn mng. Cung cp ci nhn vo bn trong ca h thng xem cc

thit k h thng hin ti c th mang li ng cc chnhsch theo yu cu hay khng.

Tn ti mt chun mc o tnh cht ti u ca lu lngmng v cc mc nghn trn mng nu n xy ra.

Gip nh thit k hay ngi qun tr mng pht hin cnhng vn tim n

Gip nh qun tr pht hin cc khu vc trong mng hot

ng di mc hiu sut chun

ng cs ca h thng mng (2)


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2005/01/2011

Lp k hoch cho vic thit lp ngcs mng ln u tin

Bc 1. Xc nh kiu dliu cn thu thpthng tin xc lp hiu sut chun

Bc 2. Xc nh cc thit bv cng giao dincn thu thp thng tin

Bc 3. Xc nh thi hn cn ghi nhn hiusut mng

Cc bc thit lp ng cs chomt h thng mng (1)


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2105/01/2011

Bc 1. Xc nh kiu dliu cn thu thp thng tin xc lp hiu sut chun

Chn mt s bin i din da trn cc thng tin trong chnh

sch c xc nh khi thit k h thng mng. Chn nhiu bin i din thu thp thng tin, s lng thng

tin c th btrn ngp, lm cho phn tch cc dliu thu thpc gp khkhn.

Chn t s bin i din, thng tin thu c c th khng phnnh ht c cc thng s dng nh gi hiu sut mt hthng mng.

Cch tt nht l bt u xc nh cc thng s tcc giaodin trn cc thit bmng v hiu qu xl ca CPU trncc thit b



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2205/01/2011


Minh ho thng tin thu nhn c t thit b(sdng phn mm Whats Up Gold)


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Bc 2. Xc nh cc thit bv cnggiao din cn thu thp thng tin

Cng ca thit bmng kt ni vi cc thit bmng khc

Cc my ch trn mng

Cc ngi dng ch cht trong h thng Cc thng tin quan trng khc lin quan n hot

ng ca h thng.



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2405/01/2011


Hnh trng mng vi cc thit b v cc cng cn thu thp thng tin


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2505/01/2011

Bc 3. Xc nh thi hn cn ghi nhn hiusut mng thu thp thng tin mt cch chnh xc v khch quan, cn

phi xc nh c khong thi gian cn thit lp mc trongthng tin v ng csmng.

Giai on ny cn c thc hin lp li t nht l by ngy nm bt bt kdin bin thay i ca hiu sut mng hngngy hay hng tun.

Cc din bin thay i trong khong thi gian: hng gi,hng ngy, hng tun, hng thng, hng qu s c gi trthamkho nht nh.



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2605/01/2011


Mu cc ng cs mng c ghi nhn theo cc mc thi gian


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2705/01/2011

Bc 3. Xc nh thi hn cn ghi nhn hiusut mng (tt) Vic ghi nhn hiu xut hng tun l qu ngn thy cchnh xc tnh cht nh kca cc svic xy ra mi cuitun. Vo cc ngy nghcui tun hay cc bui khng cngilm vic nhng c th c cc hot ng sdng nhiu bngthng ca h thng mng nh: hot ng lu d phng c sdliu ln, cp nht cc chng trnh chng virus,

Thng thng thnh ging hiu sut lin quan n cchot ng ny nn c xem xt trn cc mu biu ththeoxuhng hng thng.

Xu hng hng nm th c thi hn qu di Tng qut, ng csmng c xc lp da trn ccthng s ca h thng thu thp c t hai n bn tun lva .



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2805/01/2011

Bc 3. Xc nh thi hn cn ghi nhn hiusut mng (tt). Cc lu : Thc hin vic tnh ton ng csmng

nhng thi im khi thng tin lu thng trn mnghot ng trng thi bnh thng. Vic phn tch hiu sut chun ca mng nnc tin hnh mt cch thng xuyn.



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2905/01/2011

Xc nh d liu cn thit cho ng cs mng Phn mm qun tr mng thng c s dng

vo cc mng ln v phc tp Trong cc h thng mng n gin, thit lpng cs mng c th yu cu mt s kt hpca cc cng vic: thu thp d liu bng thao tc thcng v s dng cc giao thc qun tr mng ngin.



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3005/01/2011


Kt qu thng bo o hiu sut d liu mng(phn mm Fluke Network SuperAgent)


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3105/01/2011

Cc cng c h tr xy dng ng cs mngCng c xy dng ng cs mng:

phn mm SolarWindshay CyberGauge

Cng c phn tch giao thc mng:

Wireshark



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3205/01/2011


Minh ha

phn mmphn tchgiao din

mngWireShark


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3305/01/2011

M-un phn tch mng M-un phn tch mng (Network Analysis Module - NAM):

l mt thit b phn cng c s dng gim st thng tinlu thng qua .

Thng tin c thu thp qua cc m-un phn tch mng: S c tng hp, phn tch v hin th ln my ca ngi qun

tr thng qua mt giao din ha ca phn mm phn tchmng chuyn dng c km theo hay thng qua mt trnh duytweb.

Thu thp v gii m cc gi, ln theo vt cc ln p ng cho ccyu cu lin quan n cc ng dng c nghi ng c s c linquan n cc my ch trn mng.

Phn cng h trkhc phc s c mng (1)


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B o a nng k thut s B o a nng k thut s (Digital MultiMeters-

DMMs) l b cng c kim tra mng c s

dng o lng trc tip cc gi tr in p,dng in v tr khng ca ng truyn.

Trong x l s c mng, hu ht cc b kim tra

a nng lin quan n vic kim tra cc mc cangun in cung cp v kim tra thit b mngang c cung cp in n nh v chnh xc


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3605/01/2011


Hnh nh v b o a nng Fluke 179


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3705/01/2011


B kim tra cp mng Cp kim tra cp mng l mt thit b c thit

k c bit cm tay,c dng th nghim

cc loi cp d liu truyn thng. C th s dng pht hin dy cp mng b

hng, cp b chm chp, ngt mch v cc cpdy c kt ni khng ng.

Cc b kim tra c th c cc chc nng t ngin n phc tp vi chi phu tt thp ncao.


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B phn tch cp mng B phn tch cp l thit b cm tay a chc nng c s

dng kim tra v xc nhn cc loi cp ng hay cp quangcho cc dch v khc nhau, theo cc tiu chun khc nhau.

C th kim tra, chn on c cc li trn ng truyncng nhkhong cch xut hin li so vi mt u mt anggn thit b kim tra, v d nh cc li gy ra bi nhiu, xcnh nhng hnh ng sa li cn thit, hin th ha thng

tin v cc loi nhiu ctrong ng truyn v hnh vi ca trkhng trn ng truyn. D liu thu thp c t thit b cm tay ny c th c cp

nht vo phn mm trn my tnh thng bo cc thng tinv cc cp mng m thit b o c.


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Hnh nh b phn tch cp mngFluke DTX


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B phn tch mng cm tay L thit b c s dng x l s c mng trn cc b

chuyn mch v VLAN trn cc b chuyn mch . Bng cch cm vo bt c v tr no trn mt b chuyn

mch, ngi qun tr c th nhn bit c cc cc thngs ca b chuyn mch , hiu sut s dng trung bnh vmc cao im s dng ti nguyn ca thit b.

c s dng pht hin cc VLAN c trn b chuynmch, cu hnh ca cc VLAN, phn tch lu lng mng

v hin th thng tin chi tit ca cc giao din trn bchuyn mch. C th c kt ni vi my tnh hay cc b phn tch

mng ngi qun tr mng c th phn tch v x l sc khi xy ra.


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Hnh nh b phn tchmng cm tayFluke Network

Optiview Series III


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Cc trang thng tin h tr Cng c phn mm

H thng qun tr mng v cc ti liu lin quan http://www.ipswitch.com/products/whatsup/index.asp?t=demo

http://www.solarwinds.com/products/network_tools.aspx

http://h20229.www2.hp.com/products/cvnnm/ds/cvnnm_ds.pdf

Cng c xy dng ng cs mng cho h thng mng http://www.networkuptime.com/tools/enterprise/

http://www.neon.com/Tutorials/index.html?drawyournetworkmap.htm

Kin thc cbn v mng v thit b mng my tnh http://www.cisco.com

Cc b phn tch mng v giao thc mng http://www.flukenetworks.com/fnet/en-us/products/OptiView+Protocol+Expert/


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Cc trang thng tin h tr Phn cng h tr gii quyt s c mng

Cisco Network Analyzer Module (NAM): http://www.cisco.com/en/US/docs/net_mgmt/network_analysis_mod

ule_software/3.5/user/guide/user.html Thng tin v cc b kim tra cp mng

http://www.flukenetworks.com/fnet/en-us/products/CableIQ+Qualification+Tester/Demo.htm

Thng tin v b phn tch cp mng http://www.flukenetworks.com/fnet/en-us/products/

DTX+CableAnalyzer+Series/Demo.htm

B phn tch mng http://www.flukenetworks.com/fnet/en-us/products/

OptiView+Series+III+Integrated+Network+Analyzer/Demos.htm

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