General introduction to EC Development Cooperation

NEFE: célok és érdekek

Időben változó prioritások A bilaterális (nemzeti, külpolitikai) érdekek és a multilaterális szinten

megfogalmazott elvek és különbségek közötti ellentétek kiéleződése

Megfogalmazott célok és fennálló (gazdasági, politikai, biztonsági, ideológiai, morális) érdekek:

Például... Multilaterális Bilaterális

Szegénység csökkentése MDG 1

Társadalmi, humán fejlődés MDG 2

Nemek közötti egyenlőség MDG 3

Demokrácia-ösztönzés, jó kormányzás +

Betegségek, járványok csökkentése, egészségügy fejlesztése

MDG 4,5,6

Biztonsági szempontok (terrorizmus, migráció)

+

Környezetvédelem MDG 7

Globális partnerség (nemzetközi pénzügyi kereskedelmi együttműködés, stb)

MDG 8 +

Főbb tendenciák, alkalmazott stratégiák

1950-60-as évek: cél elsősorban a fejlődő államok tőkehiányának megszüntetése, modern technológia biztosítása (egyszerű együttműködési formák)

1970-es: cél az alapvető szükségletek kielégítése, szegénység csökkentése (pl. integrált vidékfejlesztési projektek, programok)

1980-as: elsődleges cél a fejlődő államok gazdasági-politikai liberalizációja (strukturált kiigazítási programok)

1990-es: cél elsősorban a fejlődő államok társadalmának fejlesztésén keresztül eredményeket elérni (összetettebb politikai, gazdasági és intézményi szakpolitikák kialakítása)

2000-2005: Millenniumi Fejlesztési Célok (MDGs) – középpontjában ismét: szegénység csökkentése

The European Union 27 Member States and more than 490 million citizens A Treaty establishing principles, competences,

institutions and their functioning Full political competence on Development cooperation

and international trade agreements Increasing political competences on Foreign and

Security Policies and Defence Policies 3 main institutions: Commission, Council and Parliament An Annual Budget of around 100 billion euros or 1% of

total EU GNI out of which around 10% is allocated to external actions

EU institutions

Council of Ministers: 27 Foreign Affairs ministers meeting every month. Two times a year special focus on Development Policy. Co-decision with EP on legislation and annual EU Budget. Decision on CFSP and EDF.

European Parliament: 785 members elected directly by citizens of 27 MS. Co-decision with Council on development legislation and on the annual EU Budget. Main role in ex-post budgetary control.

European Commission: executive body with a right of initiative on policies and legislation

25 Commissioners and 24 000 civil servants 23 Directorates General with Policy responsibilities

The European Commission 6 Directorate General and 4 Commissioners are

involved in EU relations with third countries: DG Development, DG External relations, DG Trade,

DG Enlargement, AIDCO and ECHO Trade negotiations with ACP countries are under

responsibility of DG Trade DG Development is only responsible for the EDF

and for thematic development programmes DG Relex is responsible for cooperation with

non ACP countries and for Human Rights and CFSP related issues

DG DevelopmentACP

Development thematics

DG RELEXHuman rights

Conflict preventionSecurity

AIDCO Implementing

body

EC Delegations ECHO Field Offices

ECHO Policy

andImplementation

Commissioner External Relations

Commissioner Dev & Hum Aid

Policy and Programming

ImplementationBrussels

Field

How is the EC organised to deliver Development and Humanitarian Aid

Role of Delegations

There are 118 Delegations in third countries with the role of:

presenting, explaining and implementing EU policy; analysing and reporting on the policies and developments of the

countries to which they are accredited ; and conducting negotiations in accordance with a given mandate.

Delegations also play a key role in implementation of external assistance:

Leading the aid programming process in consultation with third countries governments

Managing official aid to third countries governments (NIPs) Managing country specific NGO and CS projects Launching and managing local calls for proposals Coordinating with other Official Aid donors present in the Country

EU Development Policies

European Consensus on Development: Policy statement adopted by the 3 EU institutions Applicable to all developing countries, defines development

principles and priorities of the Member States and the EC. Open the door for more coordination between MS and EC

Cotonou Agreement between African, Pacific and Caribbean countries and the EU:

Development cooperation and trade agreement Political dialogue Joint ACP-EU institutions (Council, JPA) Agreement for 20 years reviewed every five years (until 2020)

EC Development and Humanitarian Aid Total EC ODA in 2007 = 8.5 billion euros

European Development Fund (5 years) - EDF Inter-governmental Fund, financial arm of the Cotonou

Agreement – contribution from 25 MS In 2007, EDF = 2.8 billion euro = 33% of EC ODA

Annual EC Budget for External Actions In 2007: 67 % of EC ODA Cover EC cooperation with all third countries, not limited to DC Geographic budget lines for Asia, Latin America, Mediterranean,

Eastern Europe, the Balkans …..all third countries except ACP Thematic budget lines for action in all countries (including ACP)

Share of EU external action budget between instruments (2007-2013)

DCI

ENPI

IPA

SI

HAI

HRDI

CFSP

MFA

Others

EDF

How is aid delivered? EDF is delivered through national and regional indicative

programmes (CSPs, RSPs) and intra-ACP funding (facilities and programmes for all ACP or Africa)

Thematic programmes are delivered through multi-annual strategies translated into annual work programmes

In both cases actors and projects for implementation are identified through calls for proposals or calls for tender.

Direct aid to governments is provided through budget support, SWAPs and/or projects with ministries

EC is not an implementing body and resorts a lot to technical assistance and consultancy

Place of CSOs/NGOs in EC aid 50%* of EC aid from the annual budget is channelled

indirectly through NSA (NGOs, other CSOs, International organisations, trade unions, employers associations,…)

Partners number 1 for indirect aid are the international organisations (48%), followed by NGOs (39 %) and by other NSA actors (13%)

IO (UN + others) are a main partner for all aid instruments while NGOs are main partners for TBL and Humanitarian Aid mainly

Examples exist of EC aid to CSOs managed by UN agencies: Sudan 50 million package for CS managed by UNDP – World Food programme

In general limited direct access to EC aid for CSOs from Developing countries

(* Based on 2003 data, no recent detailed information available)

The Future Instruments

Development Co-operationInstrument

DCIDeveloping countries not

other than EDF, ENPI, PAI + thematic programmes

€ 17 billion

European Neighbourhood &

Partnership Instrument

ENPIEast Europe, Caucasus, Mediterranean countries

€ 11 billion

Pre-Accession Instrument

PAI

Turkey and the Balkans

€ 11.5 billion

Instrument for Stability

€ 2 billion Humanitarian

Aid € 5.6 billion

Macro-Financial Assistance€ 0.7 billion

10th EDF2008 – 2013

€ 23.97 billion

Human Rights and Democracy

€ 1.1 billion

Horizontal Instruments

Co-operation with

industralised countries

€ 172 million

Future thematic programmes

Investing in People – Human and Social Development: reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, education, gender, children rights,…

Non-state Actors and Local Authorities in Development: focus on civil society actors and actions, replace co-financing – open to wider range of actors in N and S

Environment and Sustainable Management of Natural Resources including Energy

Food Security. Advancing the Food Security Agenda to Achieve the MDGs - Food Aid will be included in humanitarian aid

Promotion of Democracy and Human Rights Worldwide

Cooperation with Third Countries in the Areas of Migration and Asylum

EC Funding Architecture

AFRICAZambia

10th EDF

NIPs RIPs Facilities

DC Instrument.

Thematic Programmes

CFTenderlocal CFP TA

Brussels CFPor Local CFP

9th EDF BUDGET LINES in EU BUDGET

Hum. Aid Instr.

FPA

2006

2007

2006

2008 2007Stab. Instr

SADC

?

The funding relations:

Actions by Civil Society organisations in developing countries

EC Delegations

EU NGOs

ECHO field Offices

EU NGOs field offices

Brussels

Field

AIDCO ECHO

FPA

Thematic programmes

NSA programme

EU public

Local callsNIPs TBL HRDI

Global calls

HRDI

: Humanitarian aid

: Development aid