Gender equality: the New Zealand experience...• New Zealand scores highly in international gender...

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Gender equality: the New Zealand experience 男女共同参画における ニュージーランドの経験 Dr Judy McGregor EEO Commissioner, New Zealand Human Rights Commission

Transcript of Gender equality: the New Zealand experience...• New Zealand scores highly in international gender...

Page 1: Gender equality: the New Zealand experience...• New Zealand scores highly in international gender equality comparisons, • For example, New Zealand is 7th out of 115 countries in

Gender equality: the New Zealand experience男女共同参画におけるニュージーランドの経験

Dr Judy McGregorEEO Commissioner,

New Zealand Human Rights Commission

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This presentation covers:プレゼンテーションの内容

• Milestones in New Zealand’s (NZ) progress towards gender equality,

• Socio-economic and cultural influences on gender equality in NZ,

• Current strategies to improve women’s status.

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Major milestones-women’s suffrage主要なマイルストーン-女性の選挙権

• First nation state to grant women the vote in 1893,

• Women fought for the right to vote led by suffragette, Kate Sheppard,

• Women’s suffrage petition signed by a third of the adult population.

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Women’s suffrage女性の選挙権

• Kate Sheppard’s 1888 Pamphlet- Ten Reasons Why the Women of New Zealand Should Vote,

• “Because it has not yet been proved that the intelligence of women is only equal to that of children”….. “or of lunatics or criminals”.

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Milestones- women’s statusマイルストーンー女性の地位

• New Zealand has three women in the top four constitutional positions,

• Prime Minister Hon. Helen Clark, the Chief Justice and the Speaker of the House of Representatives,

• NZ has also had consecutive female Prime Ministers (Hon. Jenny Shipley and Hon Helen Clark).

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Prime Minister of NZニュージーランド首相

Prime Minister Hon Helen Clark

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Former NZ PM (1997-1999)前ニュージーランド首相

Hon Jenny Shipley

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Chief Justice of NZニュージーランド最高裁判所長官

Rt Hon Dame Sian Elias

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Speaker of the House国会議長

Hon Margaret Wilson

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Milestones-global comparisonマイルストーン-国際比較

• New Zealand scores highly in international gender equality comparisons,

• For example, New Zealand is 7th out of 115 countries in the Global Gender Gap Report, 2006,

• Measures economic participation and opportunity, political empowerment, education, health and wellbeing.

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Global Gender Gap 20062006年世界経済フォーラム報告書

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Sweden1

Norway2

Finland3

Iceland4

Germany5

Philippines6

N. Zealand7

Denmark8

UK9

Ireland10

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Sweden Norway Finland Iceland Germany Philippines N. Zealand Denmark UK Ireland

Gender Gap Index 20062006年 ジェンダー・ギャップ指数

Rank

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Gender progress – double edged sword?男女共同参画の推進は諸刃の剣か?

• Many New Zealanders think the battle for gender equality has been won,

• But status of high-fliers is not the status of many thousands of New Zealand women,

• Biggest risk to progress is complacency about what still needs to be done.

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Female employment女性の就労

• Women’s labour force participation rate is at a record high- 62.2% (75.7% men),

• Majority of NZ mothers now in full time or part time work,

• Fathers’ work in care-giving increasing but is limited.

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What influences gender equality?男女共同参画に影響を与えるものは?

• New Zealand’s cultural, social and economic norms,

• International law (CEDAW) and domestic legislation,

• Leadership in politics, business, and the community,

• Female NGOs, women’s groups and individual female champions.

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New Zealand’s cultural normsニュージーランドの文化的規範

• Social expectations of women in NZ less rigid than in Japan.

• Consequence of size, history and liberal/progressive politics,

• Acute labour and skills shortages good for women’s labour force participation,

• Equality is a dominant value.

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International law国際的な約定

• NZ has lifted its last reservation to CEDAW (Convention on Elimination of Discrimination Against Women),

• Takes CEDAW seriously and helps smaller Pacific states with reporting,

• August 2007, NZ periodic country report.

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Domestic legislation国内法制

• Equal employment opportunities is compulsory for the public sector, (legislation) but voluntary for the private sector (no legislation),

• Anti-discrimination law covers both sectors,

• Pay equity cases in the courts (see handout).

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Gender leadership男女共同参画におけるリーダーシップ

• Leadership in gender equality taken by the state,

• Government statutory boards have 42% women as directors,

• Top 100 companies listed on the NZ Stock Exchange have only 7.13% women on their boards.

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Women’s voice女性の声

• Major women’s NGOs are influential in New Zealand. ( National Council of Women, Rural Women of New Zealand, the Māori Women’s Welfare League)

• But activists getting older and civil society needs younger female leaders

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NZ’s gender equality strategiesニュージーランドの男女共同参画戦略

• Benchmarking- “what gets counted gets done”,

• Census Report makes women’s progress visible,

• Objective data useful in public debate,• Wide media publicity and use by

politicians, policy agencies and women.

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2006年 ニュージーランド

女性の社会進出センサスレポート(調査報告書)

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Strategies for change変革への戦略

• Census report produced by the NZ Human Rights Commission,

• The EEO Commissioner monitors access to employment and promotes decent work for all New Zealanders,

• Census report contains strategies for future action by stakeholders.

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Employment: women’s status雇用:女性の地位

15.9% Regular armed forces

16.9% University Profs & Ass. Profs

17.2% Top legal partnerships

19.2% Editors of major newspapers

24.2% Judges

34.4% National secretaries of trade unions

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Governance: Women’s Participationガバナンス:女性の登用

5.29% NZDX

5.74% NZAX

7.13% Top 100 NZSX

35.43% Crown Companies

41.00% State Sector Statutory Bodies

47.00% New Zealand Labour Force

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Politics, health and education: 政治、保健、教育

18.9% Mayors23.8% Cabinet

26.9% Local Govt Members32.2% Members of Parliament42.00% District Health Boards

51.9% School Boards of Trustees

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Agenda for Changestrategies in Census Report変革へのアジェンダ / センサスレポートの戦略

• Corporate sector urged to advertise board vacancies to avoid “old boy’s network”,

• NZ universities take action to promote/appoint more senior academic women,

• Individual women attend workshops for local government elections in 2007.

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Challenges for NZ’s womenニュージーランド女性の課題

• Census Report benchmarks and suggests action,

• But gender equality progress needs constant attention because it can slip off the political agenda,

• Strong leadership and women as catalysts for change still required in New Zealand.

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114 years after women’s suffrage:女性の選挙権から114年後

• Women’s average hourly earnings are 86.4% of men’s earnings,

• Māori and Pacific women suffer greater wage gaps,

• Too many women are in low wage jobs, • Work/ life balance is a myth for many men

and women, while a reality for others.

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Conclusionまとめ

• New Zealand is justly proud of its progress for women and its reputation as a world leader,

• We should celebrate success in all our gender equality work,

• But we should never forget that the job in New Zealand and in Japan is far from done.