Gangguan osmoregulasi
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Transcript of Gangguan osmoregulasi
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GANGGUAN
KESEIMBANGAN CAIRAN
dan
ELEKTROLIT
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• 50 - 70 % dari berat badan terdiri dari
cairan.
• Jaringan lemak lebih kurang
mengandung air dibanding otot
–Sumber :
»Air yang diminum
»Bersama makanan
»Hasil metabolisme
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Fungsi :
• Kehidupan sel
• Melarutkan makanan, ion ( Na – K )
• Metabolisme
Distribusi cairan tubuh dipengaruhi oleh :
• Sist sal Limfe
• Tekanan darah
• Permeabilitas kapiler
• Protein plasma
• Retensi air dan garam
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Eksresi cairan dalam tubuh melalui :
Urin Paru
Keringat Feces
Rata kehilangan cairan / hari :
• Kulit/paru
(insensible water loss) : 800 - 1200 cc
• Urine : 1500 cc
• Feces : 100 – 1200 cc
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Pengaturan cairan tubuh
• Terdapat keseimbangan ( input&output )
yang diatur hipotalamus melalui
osmoreseptor.
• Pada dehidrasi me↑, haus dan ADH me↑
sehingga intake me↑ dan eksresi me↓
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DEHIDRASI (Ngelak)
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DEHIDRASI• Tubuh kekurangan cairan
• Sebab kekurangan cairan :– Melalui saluran cerna
• Muntah
• Bocor
• perdarahan
– Melalui sal kencing• Pemakaian diuretik
• Penyakit ginjal
• diabetes
– Melalui kulit• Luka bakar
• Keringat ↑↑
– Perpindahan keruang dalam badan• Peritonitis
• Pankreatitis
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DEHIDRASI
( vol sirkulasi efektif ↓ )
Osmolality plasma ↑
Thirst ↑ ADH ↑
Water ingesti ↑ water exc ↓
Water retensi
Osmolaliti plasma ↓
Vol sirkulasi ↑
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HYPONATREMIA (Natrium Rendah)
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• Pada dasarnya hiponatremia merupakangejala akibat kadar natrium atau sodiomdalam darah yang rendah. Konsentrasi unsurini kurang dari 1.36 mEq/l darah.
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PEMICU
• kadar garam yang terlalu banyak larut dalamair.
Ini terjadi karena konsumsi air dalam tubuh terlalu tinggi. Jadi, jumlah cairan yang masuk ke dalam tubuh melebihi kemampuanginjal untuk membuang kelebihan cairan.
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• asupan cairan yang terlalu sedikit bisamembuat hiponatremia pada orang yang ginjalnya tidak berfungsi dengan baik.
Sebagai contoh adalah pada penderita gagal ginjal. Oleh karena itu, anjuran
untuk mengonsumsi cairan delapan gelas atau sekitar dua liter sehari air, jangan dianggap remeh.
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Menyebabkan
• otot-otot menjadi kaku, kejang dan yang paling parah adalah koma. Hiponatremia jugabisa terjadi pada penderita gagal jantung dansirosis hati saat volume darah meningkat. Selain itu, kondisi ini juga bisa dialami olehpenderita ketidakstabilan hormon antidiuretik.
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