GAH'$& !)A#I( G%&JH )(K#I!$GA$LI( · 2021. 3. 15. · 6 & g2,97e6,d 2,4c

!"#$"%&'"() "*+,-.-/ 3

1. 01*23 45 56575 898:;/<=28 2,* 8>84?+4=28 8

2. );<9.65-8.-9,@7, 10

i. A, 693+.6, 2,* 5* *B*34=4CD 45:D: 10 ! = ,-,6=EC;= / 89.EC;= / *B,;*2/ -:;,72, 12 ! = E?;, 32 ! ! = ,;B9*2/ E59@/ 34 ! = E59@/ 45: @715: 2,* 4=D 6,9C,D 43 ! ,;F;:E5 61/<5D 45 ! ;829? 693+.6, 49

!)("!$GAH'$& !)A#I(

G%&JH )(K#I!$GA$LI( L)$ L&$(I($LI( "!$GAH'I(

A'H') M$J&J&N$)G

'"A)!A0%$)L& !#&N#)''): ´("&"JJH($LH M$J&J&N$): $GA&#$L"G, K"I#HA$L"G,

G0LN#$A&J&N$L"G !#&G"NN$G"$G.ª

)L)OH')$LH %#&($) 2009-2010

_______ __________________

O$!JI')A$LH "#N)G$)

GA&$%"$) )(K#I!&N"IN#)M$)G GA& !&$HA$L& "#N& A&0 N$)((H GL)#$'!)

"!&!A#$): L.+475: L,4897;, &(&')A"!I(0'& M&$AHA#$)G: %9*+45B5P15: ',97;,

pdfMachine A pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!

Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across nearly all Windows platforms, simply open the document you want to convert, click “print”, select the

“Broadgun pdfMachine printer” and that’s it! Get yours now!

http://www.pdfmachine.com?cl

2

!"#$"%&'"()

"*+,-.-/ 4 1. 01*23 45 56575 898:;/<=28 2,* 8>84?+4=28 9 2. );<9.65-8.-9,@7, 11

i. A, 693+.6, 2,* 5* *B*34=4CD 45:D: 11 ! = ,-,6=EC;= / 89.EC;= / *B,;*2/ -:;,72, 13 ! = E?;, 33 ! = ,;B9*2/ E59@/ 35 ! = E59@/ 45: @715: 2,* 4=D 6,9C,D 44 ! ,;F;:E5 61/<5D 46 ! ;829? 693+.6, 50 ! <8Q2/ ñ ,--81*2/ / B*,R51*2/ *B*34=4, 51

ii. ):45695+.65-9,@7,: 60

! :6,9>*,2CD ,;,S=4/+8*D 45: 65*=4/ 62 ! ,@*89F+8*D 65*=E?4.; 78

3. !89*R?115; ñ ,4E3+@,*9, 365: 2*;5P;4,* 4, 693+.6, 84

! 689*-9,@CD T.9*F; / 6318.; 84 ! @P+= 89 ! 1*E?;*, / +4,<E57 / 6157, / 217E, 4,>*B*5P ( - @:-/D) 91 ! ;PT4, 97 ! 217E, @,;4,+7,D / 59?E,45D. )4E3+@,*9, 5;8*9*2/ 100 ! 49C1, / 15-*2/ 106

! <?;,45D / 6C;<5D 113 ! +*.6/ / +*-/ 120

4. A5 @P15 2,* = @:1*2/ 4,:434=4, +4, 65*/E,4, 45: G2,97E6,124

! );B95-:;7, 124 Ö U8:-?9*, 125 Ö );B95-:;*23 693+.65 136

! )9+8;*2/ 4,:434=4, 142 ! K=1:2/ 4,:434=4, 144





3

! V@:15 146

5. A9365D 689*-9,@/D 2,* ,63B5+=D 4.; T,9,24/9.; 149

! A8T;*2CD 151

6. G:E689?+E,4, ,63 4=; ,;<9.65-8.-9,@7, 4=D 657=+=D 45: G2,97E6, 154

"6715-5D 157

W*R1*5-9,@7, 159

!7;,2,D 1: $B*34=4, 161

!7;,2,D 2: M:1*2/ 4,:434=4, 167 !7;,2,D 3: )4E3+@,*9, ñ 689*R?115; +:;</28D 171





4

!"#$%&$' '()*+,#-&+-*'.$'! !"/( ,#$/!/ "#0 -$'((/ !1'*$2,'

&3456768

H +:;,;?-;.+= 65*=E?4.; E8 ,@84=97, 45; X:T515-*23 6:9/;, 4.;

=9F.;, 4.; *B*54/4.; 45:D .D 651748D 8;3D 23+E5: (8;3D 65*=4*25P 23+E5:

//2,* 8;3D 23+E5: 65: ,;4*2,456497S8* 4=; 4?>= 69,-E?4.; +4=; 5657,

E84CT8* 43+5 ,;,-;F+4=D 3+5 2,* 5 65*=4/D) 2,* 4= +TC+= E84,>P 4.; =9F.;

45: +2,9*E6*25P +PE6,;45D, +:;48187 +4=; ,;,2?1:X= 6511F; ;C.;

564*2F; -.;*F; 2,* +:E689*@59F;. L?65*8D +2,9*E6*2CD E59@CD ,654815P; 8>C1*>= ,63 45 C;, 657=E,

+45 ?115, ,63 4=; 69F*E= 68975B5 45: G2,97E6, ECT9* 4=; F9*E/ 45:. G8

,:4/ 4=; 689764.+= 8748 ,;,*95P;4,* 5* 695=-5PE8;8D E59@CD 8748

B=E*5:9-874,* C;,D ;C5D ñ 49745D TF95D 365: E6595P; ;, +:;:6?9>5:; 4,

6,1,*3489, E8 4, ´C489,ª. K, E6595P+8 2,;87D ;, E*1/+8* -*, !"#$%$&'( 4.; 15-548T;*2F;

=9F.; +4, +2,9*E6*2? C9-,Y 69328*4,* -*, ´8118*EE,4*25PDª T,9,24/98D

(3+5; ,@59? 45; 49365 E8 45; 56575; 5* 7B*5* R1C65:; 45; 8,:43 45:D ,11?

2,* 4= +TC+= 45:D E8 45:D :6315*65:D T,9,24/98D) 8;F = 86,;8E@?;*+/

45:D, = 8>C1*>= / E848>C1*>/ 45:D, B8; ,@59? E3;5 45:D +47T5:D ,11? 2,* 4,

68S?. H 6*5 6?;. B*,28*E8;*2/ B*,B*2,+7, +:;481874,* 8748 E8 4= T9/+= 7B*.;

5;5E?4.; 8748 E8 4=; 6,95:+7, 3E5*.; 8>.489*2F; E59@F; / (6,9-)3E5*.; T,9,24/9.;. ):43 ,65B8*2;P8* 3T* E3;5 45; 5>P ;5: 45: B=E*5:9-5P 2,* 4=;

651:695+.67, ñ 695+,9E5+4*234=4, 4.; =9F.; 45: ,11? 2,* 4=;

651P6152= 2,* +P;<84= @P+= 45: +2,9*E6*25P 15-548T;*25P +PE6,;45D ,63

?65X= 25:145P9,D, 8<;54/4.;, -1F++,D, <9=+287,D, *B8515-7,D, @P15:,

+8>5:,1*2/D 2,48P<:;+=D, 25*;.;*2/D 4?>=D. A5 6C9,+E, 45: T93;5: +:ER?118* +4= B*,@595657=+= 4.;

T,9,24/9.;, +4= B*,@595657=+= 4=D 564*2/D -.;7,D 45: B=E*5:9-5P 2,* 4=D

564*2/D -.;7,D 45: ,;,-;F+4= 2,* 2,<597S8* 865EC;.D 2,* 4=; 89E=;87,.

I+43+5, = 4,:434=4, 8;3D T,9,24/9, E65987 ;, ,;,-;.9*+487 E8 29*4/9*,





5

8>.489*2? 2,* 8+.489*2? 8;F = +:ER51*2/ 89E=;87, 45: (,;4*28*E8;*2/ /

:6528*E8;*2/) 87;,* <C+8* 8>,94FE8;= ,63 4=; ,B*,E@*+R/4=4= ,;,-;.+4*2/

651:@.;7,. H ,;,-;F9*+= 2,* = 89E=;87, E*,D 4,:434=4,D +4=97S5;4,* +4*D

8>/D +:;*+4F+8D: 4=; 3X=, 45; T,9,24/9,, 4*D 8;C9-8*8D 2,* 45 P@5D. '8 R?+=

,:4? 6,9CT84,* = B:;,434=4, 4=D 89E=;8:4*2/D ,>*5657=+=D 4=D 4,:434=4,D. G4= +2,9*E6*2/ 65*=4*2/ 45 15-548T;*23 :65287E8;5 ,;,S=4? 4=;

848934=4, 45: ?115: 69528*EC;5: ;, B*,E59@F+8* 4= B*2/ 45: 4,:434=4,. G8

,9284CD 689*64F+8*D ,:43 6,9,6CE68* 2,* +4=; ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 4,:434=4,D

45: B=E*5:9-5P EC+. 4.; =9F.; 45:. );?15-5: 4P65: 15-548T;*2?

:65287E8;, +:;,;4?E8 +8 C9-, :68998,1*+4F; +:--9,@C.; (Breton, "E68*9725D, "--5;365:15D) 4, 5657, <, B5PE8 2,* <, +:-297;5:E8 E8 45:D

+2,9*E6*25PD /9.8D 6,9,2?4.. Z6.D +=E8*F;8* 2,* = ',79= '*2C ´4, +2,9*E6*2? 287E8;,

695R?115:; B*,@5984*2CD 8*23;8D 2,* 3X8*D 4.; 695+F6.; 2,* 4.; 69,-E?4.;ª1, 2,* ,295R,45P; ,;?E8+, +8 B7651, 36.D ´+4= 15-*2/ 2,*

+4=; 6,9?;5*,, +4= @,;4,+7, 2,* +45; 59<515-*+E3, +4= E:<561,+7, 2,*

+4=; 69,-E,4*234=4,, +45 ,9+8;*23 2,* +45 <=1:23, +45 CEX:T5 2,* +45

?X:T5, +45; 8,:43 2,* +4=; ,;4,;?21,+/ 45:, +45 ,;4*287E8;5 2,* +4=;

,;,6,9?+4,+/ 45:.ª2 G=E,;4*23 ,65B8*2;P84,* 2,* 45 P@5D 4=D +2,9*E6*2/D 65*=4*2/D ñ E*,

,63 4*D +=E,;4*234898D +:;*+4F+8D 45: 15-548T;*25P @,*;5EC;5:, ,@5P

597S8* 4=; ,45E*234=4, 2,* 4= ,6,9?11,24= *B*,*48934=4, 2?<8 C9-5: 4CT;=D. H

15-548T;7, ,6548187 C2@9,+= E*,D 8+.489*2/D, X:T*2/D, 2,4?+4,+=D 45:

B=E*5:9-5P 4=D, 5 56575D 87;,* 45 @:+*23 4=D ,74*5.3 H 8:,*+<=+7, 2,* =

-8;*23489= 25+E5,;471=X= 45: G2,97E6, ,;4,;,21?4,* +4=;

,;<9.65-8.-9,@7, 4=D 657=+/D 45:. & B=E*5:9-3D ?11.+48 87;,* 5 @59C,D

4=D 8>.489728:+=D 4.; 6511,61F; 695+.6*254/4.; +45:D +47T5:D 45:.

1 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'-$.&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., 82B3+8*D LCB95D, 2001, +. 240 ñ 241. 2 ',79= '*2C, (.6., +. 243. 3 )*2,4897;= L,1C9=: ´A5 P@5D +8 E*, 89-528;49*2/ 89E=;8:4*2/ ,*+<=4*2/ 4=D 15-548T;7,Dª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, &+0 3282+*;19,. 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$. (Wí O*8<;CD G:;CB9*5 ñ !9,24*2?, 43E5D )í), 82B3+8*D O3E5D, )</;, 2000, +. 207.





6

& G2,97E6,D 2,4C<8+8: ´<=>*3, 4=+$ 8$, +01 6290&0 1=3*8, ñ ', %*

'62#?, %* -+=1*$ +2@+0 0 ;2!'=+$10 4,$ 6,#=;2#%0 -A15 '2!. <, +(3*8,

&,1 4=3*&', +0/ ,$1$8',+$45/ *#0'$=/ ',/, 4=+$ &,1 %$,',#+!#9, ',/, &+0

&+!8*#5 %$,+,#=;+#$= ',/, ñ +0 BA5ª 4. AC45*5: 4P65: B=1F+8*D 87;,* +,@CD

34* C9T5;4,* ,63 2?65*5; 65: ´CT8* R*F+8* R,<*? 4=; ,;<9F6*;= 2,4?+4,+=

2,* B8; :65187684,* B*315: = +2CX= 45: 3+5; ,@59? 4=; 49,-*234=4, ,:4/D

4=D +:;</2=D ñ 86*1C-8* E3;5 2,* 2,4,1/-8* ;, 4=; 68* 2,* ;, 4=; 689*-9?X8*

+:T;? R-?S5;4,D 4= -1F++,ª.5 G4=; 6,95P+, 89-,+7, -7;84,* >8T.9*+4/ ,;,@59? +45:D +47T5:D 65:

,@595P; :6,9>*,2CD ,;,S=4/+8*D 45: 65*=4/ 2,<FD 2,* -*, 4, R*5-9,@*2? 45:

65*/E,4,. !9328*4,* -*, +47T5:D 5* 56575* +2*,-9,@5P; 4=;

,:45695+.65-9,@7, 45: 65*=4/. "67+=D >8T.9*+4/ ,;,@59? -7;84,* 2,* +4,

65*/E,4, 4, 5657, ,@*C9.+8 5 65*=4/D +8 @715:D 45: / 4, C-9,X8 E8 ,@59E/

4= B9?+= 2?65*5: -;.+45P 45: 695+F65:. A, 6,9,<C4. .D EC95D 4.;

R*5-9,@*2F; 45: 65*=E?4.;. "67+=D 6,95:+*?S5;4,* 4, 693+.6, 4=D 657=+=D +PE@.;, E8 4*D

*B*34=48D 65: ,:4? @C95:;, 36.D -*, 6,9?B8*-E, = E59@/ 4=D -:;,72,D (.D

-:;,72, ñ 39,E,, .D 25P21,, .D E59@/ ,63 45 6,981<3; 65: 86,;C9T84,*

+4= <PE=+= 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F, .D ;8,9/ ,-;/ 239=, -:;,72, 4=D :X=1/D

25*;.;7,D 2,* 45: T.9*5P, -:;,72, 65: 2?;8* 6,9C, 2,* @1894?98* E8 ,;B9*2CD

6,9C8D, .D B:;,E*2/ -:;,72,, +:;B8B8EC;= E8 45 <,1,++*;3 +45*T875, 216.)

G45:D +47T5:D 45: G2,97E6, +=E,;4*2/ 87;,* = 8E@?;*+= 4=D -:;,*287,D

E59@/D .D E?;,. H ,;B9*2/ E59@/ 6,95:+*?S84,* .D 867 45 6187+45; +45 689*<F9*5,

+*.6=13D, E8 45 E:,13 45: +8 2?65*, -:;,*287, P6,9>=. V11548 ,;,S=4? 45

;3=E, +4= S./ 45: EC+, ,63 69?>8*D 65: 5* ?115* T,9,24=97S5:; ´4981CDª.

);,1P84,* 2,* = *B*34=4, 45: @715: 2,* 4=D 6,9C,D, 6,95:+*?S5;4,* +47T5* 65:

,@595P; 4=; B9?+= ,;F;:E5: 61/<5:D, 4*D <PE=+8D ;829F; 695+F6.;, 4=

<8Q2/ (,--81*2/) 2,* B*,R51*2/ *B*34=4,.

4 A5 T.975 ,;/28* +45; N*?;;= G2,97E6,. );,@C984,* +4= E81C4= 45: K,;?+= %,4S365:15: ´H 15>/ +5@7, 2,* = 25*;/ <17X=ª +4, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007, +. 308. 5 K,;?+= %,4S365:15: ´H 15>/ +5@7, 2,* = 25*;/ <17X=ª +4, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007, +. 308.





7

G45 863E8;5 EC95D 4=D 89-,+7,D ,;,1P84,* 45 689*R?115; / 5*

+:;</28D +4*D 56578D B95:; 4, 693+.6,: +4, T.9*? / +4*D 6318*D,

6,95:+*?S5;4,* 5* +47T5* +45:D 56575:D -7;84,* 689*-9,@/ 4=D @P+=D, 4.; 1*E,;*F;, 4.; +4,<EF; 4.; 49,7;.; 2,* = ,7+<=+= 45: 4,>*B*5P 2,* 4=D

@:-/D, = ;PT4,, = 5;8*9*2/ ,4E3+@,*9, .D 217E, @,;4,+7,D, 2,<FD 2,* =

,7+<=+= 4=D ,;47@,+=D ,;?E8+, +8 15-*2/ 2,* 49C1,. "67+=D 6,95:+*?S5;4,*

5* +47T5* +45:D 56575:D ,68*25;7S5;4,* +4*-ECD / +45*T87, 65: 6,9,6CE65:;

+8 <?;,45 / +8 6C;<5D. G=E,;4*23 +45*T875 4=D 689*99C5:+,D ,4E3+@,*9,D

65: 6,95:+*?S84,* 87;,* 2,* = ,7+<=+= 4=D +*.6/D (-+*-/D). G45 4C4,945 EC95D 4=D 89-,+7,D ,;,1P84,* = @:1*2/ 4,:434=4, 4.;

65*=E?4.; +PE@.;, E8 4, 693+.6, 65: 6,95:+*?S5;4,* +8 ,:4?: ,9+8;*2/

4,:434=4, +8 65*/E,4, 365: E3;5 693+.65 87;,* = ,;B9*2/ E59@/, <=1:2/

4,:434=4, +8 65*/E,4, 65: ,+T515P;4,* E3;5 E8 4= -:;,*287, E59@/. "67+=D

6,95:+*?S5;4,* 2,* 65*/E,4, 365: +:;,;4?E8 +45*T87, ,;B95-:;7,D 8748 E8 4= E59@/ S8:-,9*F; 8748 E8 4= E59@/ 695+F6.; 65: @C95:; 8>7+5:

,;B9*2CD 2,* -:;,*2878D *B*34=48D. );,@59? -7;84,* 2,* +4, 65*/E,4, 365: B8;

-7;84,* ,;,@59? .D 695D 45 @P15 4.; B9F;4.; 693+.6.; 2,*

T,9,24=97S5;4,* .D ?@:1,. G45 6CE645 EC95D 4=D 89-,+7,D +=E8*F;5;4,* +:;564*2? 5* 49365*

689*-9,@/D 2,* ,63B5+=D 4.; T,9,24/9.; 2,<FD 2,* 2?65*8D 48T;*2CD 45:

65*=4/. K8.9F 6.D 69328*4,* -*, E8-?15 2,* +=E,;4*23 EC95D 4=D

+2,9*E6*2/D 65*=4*2/D 45 56575 T9/S8* *B*,7489=D 8ER?<:;+=D 2,* >8T.9*+4/D

E81C4=D. G45 C245 EC95D 4=D 89-,+7,D +=E8*F;5;4,* 4, +:E689?+E,4, ,63 4=

E81C4= 4=D ,;<9.65-8.-9,@7,D +45:D +47T5:D 45: G2,97E6,. G45 4C15D 6,95:+*?S5;4,* 67;,28D 65: ,@595P;: (,) 4*D *B*34=48D 4.;

695+F6.;, (R) 4= @:1*2/ 4,:434=4, 2,* (-) 45 689*R?115; 4.; B9F;4.;

695+F6.;. G45:D 67;,28D +=E8*F;5;4,* 5* 47415* 4.; 5E,B565*=EC;.;

65*=E?4.; 2,* B761, +8 6,9C;<8+= E8 +:;45E5-9,@7, 5 TF95D 65: 4,

+:;,;4?E8. N*, 6,9?B8*-E,: D. E. = G6,1+*/ &+9;2$ !. !. = !9.4318*, !5*/E,4, O. A. = O=E5+*8:EC;, +45; AP65 ). !. = )B=E5+78:4, !5*/E,4,





8

G. !. = G47T5* +8 68S?





9

1. 093:; <= =>=?= @A@BC8DE:@ :53 @F@<G4<E:@. N*, 4=; 8>C4,+= 4.; +45*T87.; ,;<9.65-8.-9,@7,D +4=; 657=+= 45:

N*?;;= G2,97E6,, 8>84?+4=2,; 3+, 65*/E,4, 6,95:+*?S5;4,* +4=; 65*=4*2/

+:115-/ G6,1+*/ E+9;2$ 1936 - 19706, (+:E689*1,ER,;5EC;.; 4.; 65*=4*2F; +:115-F; H,!+2@30%*/7, I2J%=88*32$8, K!3,32@'9).

'84? ,63 C98:;, +4, 695+.6*2? ,9T87, 45: 65*=4/ +45 ". J. $. ). 2,*

+4= O=E3+*, L8;49*2/ W*R1*5</2= %,127B,D ,;*T;8P<=2,; 65*/E,4, 4, 5657,

6,9CE8*;,; ,;C2B54, 2,* ,B=E5+78:4, 2,<FD 2,* ?115* 69.4318*5* +47T5* 45:

65*=4/. H C98:;, 86824?<=28 +8 R*R1*5</28D LP695:10 2,* "11?B,D11

69528*EC;5: ;, 8;456*+45P; 65*/E,4, 4, 5657, ,; 2,* ,;C2B54, 87B,; 45 @.D

4=D B=E5+*34=4,D +8 456*2? 689*5B*2? 2,* 8@=E897B8D. "7;,* ,>*315-= =

+:;89-,+7, 45: 65*=4/ E8 45; 4P65 4=D LP695: 2,* 4=D 811=;*2/D 86,9T7,D. !9528*EC;5: = 6,95P+, 89-,+7, ;, ,65481C+8* 3+5 45 B:;,43; 6*5

51521=9.EC;= B5:18*? (3+5; ,@59? 45 :1*23 65: 8;4567+4=28 2,*

8>84?+4=28) 1/@<=2,; :63X= B*?@595* +47T5* 2,* 65*/E,4, 4, 5657,

8-2*RF4*+8 5 G2,97E6,D +4, 68S? 45: C9-,. "67+=D 8>84?+4=2,; 69.4318*, 65*/E,4, 4, 5657, 8;436*+, +4,

,9T87, 45: 65*=4/, +45 R*R175 45: G6P95: L5227;= :, ,6240#!8'.1,

6 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, G6,1+*/ &+9;2$ 1936 ñ 1970, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970. 7 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, H,!+2@30%*/, 82B3+8*D ). ',:97B=D, )</;, 1950. 8 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, I2J%=88*32$, "2B3+8*D L?245D, )</;,, 1976. ()í C2B5+= 1968). 9 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, K!3,32@', N9,@875 !;8:E,4*2F; 06=98+*F;, )</;,, 1936. (Wí C2B5+= L?245D, 1975). 10 W*R1*5</2= !,;86*+4=E75: LP695:, L:69*,2/ W*R1*5</2=, W*R1*5</2= !51*4*+4*25P $B9PE,45D )9T. ',2,975: Ní, O=E54*2/ W*R1*5</2= O/E5: J8E8+5P, O=E54*2/ W*R1*5</2= O/E5: )EE5TF+45:. 11 "<;*2/ W*R1*5</2=, N8;;?B8*5D W*R1*5</2=, W*R1*5</2= 4=D W5:1/D, O=E3+*, L8;49*2/ W*R1*5</2= %,127B,D.





10

62$5',+, +2! E4,#9'6,12, 2,* +45 R*R175 4=D G5P1,D !,6,-8.9-565P15:

$.,;;7B= D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, 4*9'*1, +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,13.

12 G6P95D L5227;=D, :, ,6240#!8'.1, 62$5',+, +2! E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D M*1*6634=, )</;,, 1991. 13 G5P1, !,6,-8.9-565P15: $.,;;7B=, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, 4*9'*1, +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, O=E3+*, L8;49*2/ W*R1*5</2= %,127B,D, %,127B,, 1995.





11

2. 'CDA7>=6@76A5H?5

´D!+5 0 ,6=+0+0 4,$ +#2'*#5 6*#$2;5, 2 *,!+(/ ',/ ñ

*91,$ '$, terra incognita,

(62! %*1 L.#*$/ 62@>* >, &2@#>*$ .1, '51!',.ª14 A5 ?-;.+45 EC95D 8;3D 8,:45P 87;,* ,:43 65: ,6548187 6315 C1>=D

8>,*47,D 45: E:+4=975: 45:. &* E59@CD 4.; +2,9*E6*2F; +47T.;, 36.D

,65B7B5;4,* ,63 45; B=E*5:9-3 45:D, 87;,* 6?;4548 *33*$6+$4./ 3+5 2,* ,;

2,4,R?1184,* 695+6?<8*, ;, 6,95:+*,+487 E7, 4,:434=4,. G4*D 6187+48D 4.;

689*64F+8.; ,:4/ = 4,:434=4, 87;,* 61,+4/ / 8:E84?R1=4= / ?6*,+4= /

,61FD = ,7+<=+= 8;3D T,9,24/9,. L,* 8BF 87;,* 65: B=E*5:9-874,* 45

89F4=E,: E/6.D ,:4/ = 8118*64*234=4, 87;,* 5 ,6F4895D +43T5D 45: 65*=4/

2,* CT8* 2,4,@C98* ;, :1565*=<87 +45 EC-*+45; '8 4, 6*5 6?;. B8B5EC;, = 8*23;, 45: 8,:45P +:E61=9F;84,* ,63 45

?-;.+45 4=D EC95D ñ 2,* ,:4/ 87;,* = -5=487, (-*, 45; ,;,-;F+4= 2,* -*, 45;

B=E*5:9-3 65: R97+284,* +8 E*, ,C;,= 695+6?<8*, 86,;,695+B*59*+E5P 4=D

4,:434=4,D 4.; E59@F; 45: C9-5: 45:). ):4/ = +:E61=9.E,4*2/ ?-;.+4= 8*23;, 45: 8,:45P B*2,*F;8* 4= +=E,+7, 4=D C;;5*,D 4=D ,65:+7,DY 4=D

,65:+7,D 4.; +45*T87.; 8287;.; 4, 5657, <C18* ;, :6?9T5:; (/ E/6.D B8;

4, <C18*;) = 564*2/ -.;7, 45: 65*=4/, 45: ,;,-;F+4=, 45: 7B*5: 45:

T,9,24/9, +45 657=E, -*, 45; 8,:43 45: ñ = persona 45: B=E*5:9-5P 45:.

i. A, 693+.6, 2,* 5* *B*34=4CD 45:D. G45:D +2,9*E6*25PD +47T5:D 6,9,4=9874,* = +:;P6,9>= :6,924F; 2,*

@,;4,+4*2F; 695+F6.;. H +:;P6,9>= 87;,* ?11548 ,9E5;*2/ 2,* ?11548 3T*.

06?9T5:; 689*-9,@CD 2,R-?B.;, ,;=+:T7,D 2,* 2,T:65X7,D E84,>P 4.;

=9F.;. AC45*5: 87B5:D X:T515-*2CD ,;,4,9?>8*D E84,@C95;4,* 2,* +45;

,;,-;F+4=. 14 A5 T.975 ,;/28* +45; N*?;;= G2,97E6,. );,@C984,* +4= E81C4= 45: K,;?+= %,4S365:15: ´H 15>/ +5@7, 2,* = 25*;/ <17X=ª +4, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007, +. 308.





12

H +PE69,>= ,;,-;F+4= 2,* 65*=4*25P 28*EC;5: 5@87184,* +45; 86*BC>*5

T8*9*+E3 45: +47T5: ,63 45; 65*=4/. [;,D 4C45*5D T8*9*+E3D 69549C68* +8

B8P4895 2,* 49745 B*?R,+E, ,9284F; ,63 4, 65*/E,4, 69528*EC;5: 5

,;,-;F+4=D ;, ,65+4,+*565*=<87 2,* ;, B8* E8 29*4*23 E?4* 45 287E8;5. 06,924? / 693+.6, 4=D @,;4,+7,D 45: 65*=4/, 693+.6, R5:R? /

8E61823E8;, +8 *B*34:65:D B*?15-5:D E8 ,E@*18-3E8;, ;5/E,4,, 45 481*23

,654C18+E, +2*,-9,@87 45 25*;.;*23 45675 45: G2,97E6, 2,* 6,9?11=1, 4=D

65*=4*2/D 6,9,-.-/D 45: ñ 2,* 3T* E3;515. G45 65*=4*23 C9-5 45: G2,97E6, +6?;*, B7;5;4,* 61=95@5978D -*, 45

<9/+28:E,, 4=; =1*27,, 4= E39@.+= 2,* 45 86?--81E, 4.; 695+F6.;. ):4CD

5* *B*34=48D E5*?S5:; +T8B3; ,;P6,9248D +4= +2,9*E6*2/ 657=+= = 5657,

B7;8* CE@,+= +45 X:T515-*23 :63R,<95 4.; 695+F6.; 4=D. G4*D +6?;*8D

689*64F+8*D 65: 45 25*;.;*23 status ,6548187 +45*T875 ,;,@59?D (6.T. +45

657=E, ´!FD -81?E8 +45 %?918Eª), = 86*+/E,;+= B8; -7;84,* 867 45P45:

,11? -*, ;, <7>8* <CE,4, ,1157.+=D ,;<9.6*+E5P, =<F; 2,* 8<7E.;,

25*;.;*2F; 2,4,+4?+8.;. 'C+, ,63 E7, 4*4,3!''.10 +*;1$45 5 G2,97E6,D

,+T51874,* >,;? E8 45 <CE, "?;<9.65D" B7;5;4,D CE@,+= +45 X:T515-*23

:63R,<95 4.; 695+F6.; 45:. H +2,9*E6*2/ ,;<9.65-8.-9,@7, ,;,B8*2;P84,* EC+. 4=D

8ER?<:;+=D +4= X:T515-7, 4.; =9F.;. H 693S, B8; 689*-9?@8*

´59*S5;47.Dª ,11? ´2,<C4.Dª, 8E@,;7S5;4,D ,23E, 2,* 4*D 8+.489*2CD

+:-295P+8*D 45: ,43E5: .D @,*;3E8;, 4=D 9/>=D 45: E8 45; 23+E5. "67+=D

,;4,;,21?4,* = 8*23;, 65: CT8* 5 69.4,-.;*+4/D 43+5 -*, 45; 8,:43 45: 3+5

2,* -*, 45 689*R?115; 45:. H ,;<9.6*+4*2/ <8F9=+= 4.; 69,-E?4.; 2,* = ,;<9.6*;34=4, 4.;

=E89F; 87;,* ,:43 65: ,6,+T5187 45; 65*=4/ ,63 4= -9,@/ 4.; 1:9*2F;

69.4318*.; 65*=E?4.; 45:, +4= E84C68*4, 95E,;4*2F; 2,4,R51F;

E:+4*2*+4*2/ K!3,32@', +4=; clownery 4.; H,!+2@30%A1 2,* +45:D B*,R515-<8Q25PD I2J%=88*32!/.

15 )9284? 693+.6, 8E@,;7S5;4,* 2,* +4, 68S5-9,@/E,4? 45: 8748 @C95;4,D 45 7B*5 3;5E, (6.T. N*?;;=D, )--C1,), 8748 CT5;4,D 25*;/ 8>.489*2/ 3X= (6.T. 25P21,, ,91827;5D, 95E634, 693+.6, ,;B95-:;*2?, = ?6*,+4= - ,C9*;= -:;,*287, E59@/ 65: 689;?8* E8 T,9,24=9*+4*23 R?B*+E,), 8748 8E@,;7S5;4,D 25*;? 8+.489*2? T,9,24=9*+4*2? -;.97+E,4, (6.T. ,;4*@,4*234=4, ,63X8.; 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F, = ´+21=9/ª 2,* BP+251= -:;,72,). Z1, 4, 6,9,6?;. ,654815P; 25*;5PD 4365:D +4=; ,;<9.65-8.-9,@7, 4=D -8;*23489=D +:--9,@*2/D 6,9,-.-/D 45: G2,97E6,.





13

G:-2829*EC;,, 8E@,;7S5;4,* 693+.6, E8 4*D 8>/D *B*34=48D: / 565>EIJCE / @A7IJCE / 3K5C3:8 6BC5?:5. N:;,72, ñ 39,E,: "7;,* = -:;,72, = 5657, 3+5 3E59@= 2,* ,*<C9*, 87;,*, ?115 43+5 CT8*

4=; 8:TC98*, ;, >8@8P-8* ,63 45; 65*=4/ 2,* 2,4í 86C24,+= ,63 45 65*=4*23

8-F. "7;,* -:;,72, BP+251=, E65987 ;, 4,>*B8P8*, -7;84,* ?6*,+4= 2,* ,:43 4=D

86*49C68* EC+, +45:D +2,9*E6*25PD +47T5:D ;, >8@8P-8* 2,* ,63 4, 867-8*,

39*,Y ,63 4, 39*, 45P45: 45: 23+E5:. ";7548, = @:-/ ,63 ,:4? 4, 39*,

6,9,6CE68* +45 4,>7B* 65: -7;84,* E84? <?;,45;, +45; ?115 23+E5. Z6.D +45; :68998,1*+4*23 65*=4*23 TF95 C4+* 2,* +45:D

+2,9*E6*25PD +47T5:D, = ,;,S/4=+= E*, -:;,*287,D E:<*2/D 4,:434=4,D 87;,*

65*271= 2,* 2:E,*;3E8;=. N7;84,* 45 ë?115í 693+.65 65: R97+284,* E84,>P

S./D 2,* <,;?45:, 45 693+.65 65: +,; C;,D EP<5D 87;,* T,EC;5 2,* B8

E65987 ;, 86*+49CX8* 6,9? E3;5 EC+, ,63 E*, ;C, ,;,2?1:X= 2,4? 4=;

5657, 45 65*=4*23 8-F (-*, ;, ,;,2,1PX8* 87;,* 8; 2*;/+8* 2,*) E84,@C984,* +8

2,4?+4,+= B*,P-8*,D, +8 ë?11=í 564*2/ -.;7,. 06?9T8* 867+=D = 8*23;, 4=D

-:;,72,D 65: +8 ,:4/; 2,45*287 = ,*F;*, ;834=4, 2,* -7;84,* = E59@/ 4=D

S.*2/D 59E/D 4=D 86*<:E7,D, ´65: E3;5 EC+, 4=D, 5* 6,959E/+8*D 4=D

2,9B*?D 2,* 4.; ,*+</+8.; R97+25:; 4=D ,4818P4=4= ,;4*@F;=+/ 45:Dª16. H -:;,72, 87;,* = 848934=4, 4=; 5657, 45 65*=4*23 8-F <C18* ;,

2,4,24/+8*. ):4/ = 848934=4, 4565<84874,* +45 2C;495 4=D 65*=4*2/D +2=;/D

,63 45; B=E*5:9-3 2,* 695+6,<87 ;, 4=; 61=+*?+8*. !93+R,+= 87;,* =

657=+=, -*, ;, 6?8* +4=; ?11= 618:9? 45: 59?E,45D. N*, 45:D :68998,1*+4CD

,:4/ = ?11= 618:9? 45: 59?E,45D 87;,* ´= 848934=4, 45: ?115: ñ 4=D -:;,72,D C>. ,63 45 T93;5ª17. ):4/; 4=; 848934=4, 69,-E,48P84,* 5

G2,97E6,D 2,* ,63 ,:4/; 8E6;C84,* -*, ;, +2*,-9,@/+8* 45 B*,@5984*23, 45

?6*,+45 2,* 45 ,693+*45 +4=; 5134=4? 45:, 4,:47S5;4,D 4=; 689*6C48*, 4=D

657=+=D 2,* 45: ;C5: 13-5: E8 4=; 689*6C48*, 45: C9.4,.

16 );B9C,D '69843;, D#4=1, 17, E4@9. G4. L5:E,;5PB=D \X*15; 1984, +. 59. 17 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:, (.6., +. 292.





14

N*, 4=; 8*23;, 4=D *B,;*2/D -:;,72,D B7;5;4,* 689*-9,@CD 65: ,@595P;

4=; 8>.489*2/ 8E@?;*+= +45 657=E, ´':9*,+4895P+,ª18. !9328*4,* -*, 4=;

8*23;, 4=D -:;,72,D ñ 39,E,. (Ö) !"#$%&' (' )* +',-% )%. ñ #/01. 23(/4 ñ 5)1 !64(1 &" ',+' 5)1/ 76*(8*-# */0"# 9:26*7"5)# &*" ñ 7-42* &*67")5:(;/% ñ #-"&1 )6"*/)#73--1 5)1/ <(1. =>6"* 5)". 24$'. )%. *5)6"# +635# í+' &'/)%(;/*

(Ö) &#): *8í )13 81!423613 )%. )1 &>(*, '8;)* )1 ;/* (')# )1 #--1 )%. ñ 813-"# ñ )* 84!"* &*" )* '8#)'". 19

A5 657=E, ´V--815D 8@?;= E5*ª20, 2*;874,* +45; 7B*5 95E,;4*23 ñ

,*<C9*,D ,4E3+@,*9,D TF95 E8 45 657=E, ´':9*,+4895P+,ª21: ?@*7/* '&', (864. (13 (), *5)6*8A!) ;/í *(#@" 5)#0%&' &*" ("í #2/:5)% (' *"0;6"* +#6%,

)<62"13 )%. 81!423613 5A&:5' ñ (% 5)#@'"! ñ ("í #&6%, &" >B:5í ñ 4/'"61 ñ 5)1 8'/)#- 81!#6".

C#)%5' &*" &#0%5' (;5*0' 4-% 6;($%

&*" 5*/ (813 )1 B#6'B' !,+)3) #5861 - '7<)* &#): *84 )1 $;-1 )%.Ö D" ;732' :. ',+í ;($'" ñ 84!", *(#@", 4/'"61 ñ (;5í 5)* 86<)* 7<)*Ö22

"67+=D = 59,E,4*2/ E59@/ 4=D -:;,72,D +45 ´&:1,15PEª23:

E)*/ 5* /* 5' 8645('/* D'6# *84B' 813 !'/ ;8/'' 4@: */#5*, &" ;-'2*: F#60'" *84B' *8í )* /'6#

&" *84 )* !#5*. (Ö)

&*" /#, (*9, 513 &"4-*. *6+"/< +635A &13$;/)*:

ÖC<. ñ /#, 0* (',/'" 1 &45(1. (' )1 ´( 8 #ª

813 (í ;-'2' )6'-4/ 8:. ',+'. 2,/'"

18 )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71). 19 )63 45 657=E, ´':9*,+489*5P+,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71). 20 !5*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 78-79. 21 )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71). 22 )63 45 657=E, ´V--815D 8@?;= E5*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 78-79. 23 !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71 - 73).





15

&*8/4. &*" ñ )#+*. ñ 5>2/'7* 0*(8# 861. )% G'-A/%Ö

(Ö) H>+):5' &*" !' 7#/%&'. '5>I

(Ö) J451 81-> (í *2#8%5'. D'6#, 813 #&132* !"8-# )* $A(*)# (13!

C#)*2* 2< ñ 5)6*$4. ñ (;5í 5)* /'6#; &" '5> &1/)# (13Ö24

G45 657=E, ´Une valse des peplesª, = -:;,*287, P6,9>= = 5657,

689*-9?@84,* E5*?S8* ;, E=; CT8* :1*2/ :63+4,+=: H#513/ 5*/ /* (%/ A513/ &*" 5*/ (/#5*") 1>)' /* 5í ',+* 1/'"6'3)', /* &613. )%/ 846)*

/* &6*,/' )* 813-"# &*" /* 5736#/' 1" -'>&'. 5*/ $"1-"# )1/ =#% ñ 813 '<6)*.

H* (%/ 5í ',+' 1 F'4. 5&'7)', 813 5í ;8-* /í *&1-130#/ 5' *;6"/1" 53/)6471", 8')#('/1 7#/)*5(* (' 8;8-*

&"í 1-4+6351/ 5)1 (;):84 513 &*(8)4/ 47".

K5"!*; L810'# )%. &*-1/A.; A M/)"/;*; /* 8'68*)A5'". !'/ /12#. F'; (13 ñ F'; (13

*/06<8"/%, 9:/)*/A, :6*,* &*" /;*, (' 5#6&* &*" 7:/A ñ &46% )í */;(13; 25

H -:;,72, ñ 39,E, +:;,;4*C4,* 2,* +45 657=E, ´L5*E.EC;=ª:

G>, )13 &4 - /*" )13 &46713 513 /* )6*$A@'". )%/ &4- 8")5* - &>(* )1 5)A01. 513 /* 7135&</'" -'3&4,

&*" 5)%/ &# - /*" 5)%/ &#(*6% 7:. /* -#(B'" 513, *764., 1 (%64., 1 (%64.Ö26

G,; 3;8*95 689*-9?@8* 45 65*=4*23 8-F 4= R5QB,--81*2/ E59@/ +45

657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª. A5 E547R5 4=D ?+69=D -:;,72,D 65:

25*E?4,* 2,* 695R?118* 45 63B* 4=D +:;,;4*C4,* 2,* +45 657=E, ´L5*E.EC;=ª.

24 )63 45 657=E, ´&:1,15PEª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71 - 73). 25 )63 45 657=E, ´Une valse des peplesª. G45 ".J.$.)., ,9T8*,23 :1*23 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, @?2815D 1/20, 695C18:+= ,9T875: A,+7, G81C25:. 26 )63 45 657=E, ´L5*E.EC;=ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 45.





16

H -:;,*287, E59@/ = 5657, R97+284,* +8 @?+= P6;5:, E5*?S8* E8 39,E,

E695+4? +4, E?4*, 45: ,9+8;*25P 8-F. J* (#)"* 513 6*((;/í *84 (')#@" (1"#9*/ :. *81-

&1"(A5'",

5' 7:. 1 >8/1. 5í ',+' *+/4 &*" 5í ',+' */#5&'-%/ "+/1-

26*7A5'". (Ö)

Hí #&13* '/)4. 513 8<. &3-# % 5"2A 513 ñ ;5&3B* )6'-# ñ

&*" 8#'",

(* 5)#0%&í #/*3!1. 5*/ :. /* 5í */)*/#&-* 1 136*/4.

5)* +#%! 27

N1O!#22'-; (13 '-#(8*/ )* -'3&# 513 84!"*, '/< &*)#-

&16>7:.

5*/ @,71. &6;(1/)*/ 7:)4. )4/* 513 +;6" 5)%. /3&)4.

)1 %(,7:.Ö28

G4*D -:;,*2878D @*-5P98D 4=D +2,9*E6*2/D 657=+=D 87;,* T,9,24=9*+4*2/

= +*.6/. G6?;*, ,<957S5:; 13-5. A5 :65287E8;5 ,;,S=4? 4=; ,-,6=EC;= /

4=; 3E59@= -:;,*287, @*-5P9, = 5657, <, 45; 8E6;8P+8*. ):4/ 87;,* ,E71=4=,

/98E= / 25*E?4,* 2,* -7;84,* = '5P+, 45:. 'C+, ,63 4=; CE6;8:+/ 45: -*,

45; C9.4, <C18* ;, @4?+8* +4=; 818:<897, +2CX=D 2,* C2@9,+=D 2,* ;, ´R-8*

C>. ,63 4, 39*,ªY ,:4/ = B*,B*2,+7, 6,9,6CE68* +4=; ´8>C-89+=ª 4.;

:68998,1*+4F;, 4= E3;= B=E*5:9-3 45: @.43D. ):43 45 @.D E65987 ;,

,;,-;.97+8* E3;5 498*D B93E5:D: 4=; 657=+=, 4=; 818:<897, 2,* 45; C9.4,.29 B%-# 5)% 5)A-% )%. 5"2A. (*., 8#/: (13 5)6;7'" &*0í *5);6",

27 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 93 ñ 94. 28 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 93 ñ 94. 29 );B9C,D '69843;, D#4=1, 17, E4@9. G4. L5:E,;5PB=D \X*15; 1984, +. 98.





17

236,9'" &#):0; (13 % P% (*.30.

N:;,72, ñ 25P21,: H *BC, 4=D @8:-?4=D -:;,72,D 65: 2,4,1/-8* ;, 87;,* X8P4*2=Y 481*2?

87;,* = -:;,72, 25P21,. !,95:+*?S84,* ,E71=4=, ,27;=4= (+,; ;829/), E8 E*,

+6,+E.B*234=4, +4=; 3X= 4=D 65: ´29PR8* ,6í 4=; ?11= 3X= 4=D 45 *B8FB8D

4=D =98E7,D 2,* 4=D ,2*;=+7,D: 45 6,*T;7B*+E, E8 4, 898<7+E,4, 4=D S./D, 4=;

6,9?11=1= C1>= 45: <,;?45:.ª31 C1> )%/ ',!*; G3--12,91(*" */ 5)13. !64(13. )%/ */),&635* 81);. (13 A 5)í *5);6"*,

)13. +3)1>. )%. 7;6/'" % "!;* (13 )13. <(13. !,+:. +;6"*!32

(Ö) ñ &*" )í 4((*

A)*/ 57*,6*. G8*5(4. )6,2:/1. )* +',-% &*" )1 5)4(*.

(Ö) < +*>/% &46% ):/ 8/'3(#):/, 5' ("* $")6,/* 5í ;+13/ 5)A5'" 23/*"&',:/

716'(#):/!...

"67+=D: D*" 8<., )* (*--#&"* 513 (81>&-* )% (81>&-* :6*,* 0* 5)#7"*+/* (' ñ &48)5'. &*" );-"* ñ 5' 5)3- C1(8*!1>6 /* 5í ',+* ("* &1>&-*

(13 );-'"*. 33

H 3E59@= -:;,72, E8 4=; 5657, 45 65*=4*23 8-F CS=+8 C;,; ,1=<*;3

C9.4, 86,;C9T84,* +4= <PE=+/ 45:. H 18*45:9-7, 4=D E;/E=D = 5657,

,;*T;8P8* 45 6,981<3; 61?<8* +45:D +47T5:D 4*D +4*-ECD 45:D: Q,+:. *5);6"* &*" G'-A/%

+:6,. ´=*(9;-, (')# )6'(1>5%. +'"64.ª &*" !,+:. &#/ ´'&',/% '". )%/ *2+4/%/ª !,+:. ´1>5%.ª.

C#6í ;)5" */06<8"/* &*" 5&;)*,

30 )63 45 657=E, ´!*293 65:1?2*ª, B=E5+*8:EC;5 +4=; 8@=E897B, H@#$62/, 4.T. 2, %,127B,, 20/6/1931. )63 4, 69F*E, 65*/E,4, 45: G2,97E6,. 31 %9*+47;,D (45:;*?, ´)6=T/+8*D 45: ". ). !38 +45 C9-5 45: N*?;;= G2,97E6,ª, C#,4+$4= DM C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007, +. 243. 32 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 E5;4C15ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 23-24. 33 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 R,1D T.97D ;4?E,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 57-58.





18

ñ 5&3((;/% :. 5í ',!* /* @'8-;/'". ñ 5í *2#8%5* '2< N"1-;)*

5)1 7:. ("*. (;6*. 8'6*5(;/%..

Q'/ A513/ 5> ´=*)0,-!%ª A =1>5*, (A)í ´1("+-<!%.ª 1 ;6:)#. 513 (A)' &" '2< 8:. )6*213!1>5* &#)í *8í )* 8*6#036# 513.

=* A513/ 2-3&'"# +:6,. ´2*9,'.ª &*" !,+:. 513$'/,6 !"&"# (13 &" 4-'. 1" %('61(%/,'.

("-1>5*/ ,!"* 5)%/ &*6!"# (13.

D" :. (,-'"'. A)*/ 5*/ /* 5$1>5*/ )í *+/# 513 -42"* &*" 5*/ 48:. /* !"#$*"/*/ &*" /* 8'6/1>5*/ &#0í '81+A &*" &#0' )481.Ö34

H -:;,72, 65: 8-2,4C18*X8 45; ?;B9,:

=;. 5)% 5"2A 813 (í #7%5'. )%. ;6%(13 )6*213!"5)# (' 8#'" % ->8% < 7,-%,

)*(81>6-1 (*>61 '2< &6*)< 5)1 +;6" (13, &"í *3)A )613(8;)* &4&&"/% 5)* +',-%. 35

N:;,72, ñ 239=: & '69843; +4=; D#4=1, 17 ,;C@898 34* ´5 EP<5D *2,;565*87

+:-T93;.D 6511? ;5/E,4, (Ö) 2,* >84:17-8* 17-5 17-5 4*D 2,E6P18D 4=D

+=E,+7,D 45: +4=; ,9T/ 43+5 68976152=D +4, B*?@59, 86768B,.ª36. GPE@.;, E8 4= O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:, C;, 4C45*5 E5;4C15 87;,* =

-:;,72, ñ 6,*B7, = 5657, B8; ,;4*695+.68P8* 43+5 E*, -:;,72,, ,11? 2:97.D

´E*, 2,4?+4,+= 4=D <=1:234=4,D .D ,>7,D 65: 69328*4,* ;, ,;,B:<87 +45

EC115;ª37. ):4/ = B*?+4,+= ,;?E8+, +8 -:;,72, 2,* <=1:234=4, +:+T847S84,*

?E8+, E8 4=; ,;PX.+=, E8 45 6C9,+E, 45: 2,<=E89*;5P 695D 45 EP<5.38

34 )63 45 657=E, ´W*51C4,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 108. 35 )63 45 657=E, ´"ER,4/9*5 -,E/1*5Öª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 121. 36 );B9C, '69843;, D#4=1, 17, E4@9. G4. L5:E,;5PB=D \X*15; 1984, +. 83. 37 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D 45: ?115: .D ,;,-2,7, 695]63<8+= B*,E39@.+=D 4=D 4,:434=4,D +8 -,11*2? 2,* 811=;*2? :68998,1*+4*2?





19

H ;C, 239=, 45 49815239*4+5, E8 4=; 8;C9-8*? 4=D 2,* 45

(:68998,1*+4*23) @.D 4=D <, @.47+8* 4=; 2?E,9, 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F. H

6,95:+7, 4=D ,;4*+4,<E7S8* 4= R5:R/ +45*T8*.EC;= 2?E,9,, 4, +45*T87,

<,;?45: (4?@5*, 2,;4/1*, @?;4,+E,), 2,* 4= E81,-T517,. H 6,*B7+2=, .D

1,E693 61?+E, E8 E?4*, 65: B=E*5:9-5P; 49*2:E78D, >:6;? 4=; 86*<:E7, 2,* 5 65*=4/D ñ ?;49,D E65987 ;, ,--7>8* 4=; 6=-/ 4=D B=E*5:9-7,D.

R*/#-* )6'-1&46")51 @*/#-* 8#-" 5)%/ &*(*6# (13 )% $13$A )% 5)1"+'":(;/% 5)%/ &#(*6* 813 5)#9'" ->8% &*" 813 $2*,/'"

)1 7#/)*5(* ("*. &46%. í2#-" *2#-".

P'")1/181>-* (13 )6'-A @*/#-* 8,5: (' ):/ +'"-"</ 513 )1 8'/)#(1671 M86,-%

5)%/ &*(*6A (13, 813 5)*-#9'" *8í )1 &*/)A-" $*0"#. *2#8%., ;/* 7:. 8*6*(30,51.

S)*/ 86:)460'. ñ *+! 1 /13. (13 5*/ )1 $#/'"

)1 $6*!3 &',/1 )1 +-1(4 5* )1 +635#7" 5)%/ &*(*6# (13 813 )% 2"4("5*/ 1" )#71" *84 &*%(1>. *84 B3+;. &" *84 -"$#/".

D" ;+35'. (;5* )%. )1 2;-"1 ):/ +'"-"</ 513 &*" )%. -'3&A. 513 716'5"#. )% -*(8615>/% D46% )6'-A! &*" )% $*6"# )%. )% 2*-A/% )% 53/'8A6' % )6"&3(,* ):/ (*)"</ 513.

T&-*B' (;5* (í % B3+A $*0"# (13 :"(;/* *84 )1/ 8401 813 (13 7-42"9' )* (#)"*

´&" 45* (í *84('"/*/ ñ */#(/%5'. ñ &1((#)"* &',/% 9%)</)*. /* )*"6"#5: 5)* +*(;/*ª.

R*/#-* )6'-1&46")51 @*/#-* 8#-"

5)%/ &*(*6# (13 )% $13$A )% 5)1"+'":(;/% G)%/ &#(*6* 813 5)#9'" ->8% &*" 813 $2*,/'" )1 7#/)*5(* ("*. &46%. í2#-" *2#-".39

G45 657=E, ´H ;C, J?5:9,ª 45: "E68*9725: B*,R?S5:E8:

S)*/ &1"(1>(*" )* -13-1>!"* )%. *(*5+#-%. 513

15-548T;*2? 287E8;,ª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, &+0 3282+*;19, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., (Wí O*8<;CD G:;CB9*5 ñ !9,24*2?), 82B3+8*D O3E5D, )</;, 2000, +. 291. 38 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:, +45 7B*5, (.6., +. 291. 39 A5 657=E, R97+284,* +45 R*R175 45: G6P95: L5227;=, :, ,6240#!8'.1, 62$5',+, +2! E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D M*1*6634=, )</;, 1991, +, 49.





20

;6+1/)*" &*" (13 0:8'>13/ 4-1 )1 &16(,

&*" 5*/ 9:26*7,9: )4)'

;6+1/)*" )* (#)"* 513 )* :6*,*

5)%/ #&6"* )13 +6:5)A6* (13 &*"

5'62"*/,913/ 8#/:

5í 4-% )%/ '8"7#/'"* )13

(135*(# 2"* /* @;6%.:

5í ;+: &#/'" *0#/*)%.40 G45; '69843; = ,<F, 2,* ;C, 256C1,:

G3 813 !'/ @;6'". )1 &*&4 8*6# (1/#+* '@í *&1A.. G3 "!*/"&# :6*,*. G3 813 )1 8*/ 5'

1!%2', 8,5: 5)1 @%(;6:(*. [Ö] L8#6+'". 48:. 53 (4/% @;6'". /* 38#6+'".. [Ö]41

H -:;,72, ñ 6,*B7 695+@C98* 3X8*D 4=D 69,-E,4*234=4,D 65: 654C B8

<, E6595P+8 5 ?;49,D ;, +28@<87 ,63 E3;5D 45: 2,* ,:43 4=; 2,<*+4?

?6*,+4=, E8 ?<*24= 4=; ,;,9T7, 4=D 6,*B*234=4,D, 4=D ,<.34=4,D, 4=;

´651PE59@= B*,+495@/ª +PE@.;, E8 59*+E3 45: M93*;4, 4=; 8--8;/D

E,-87,. ´N7;84,* 45 +4/9*-E, 45: C9.4, .D ,B*?64.4=D 86*<:E7,D 65:

B*,@8P-8* ,63 45 25*;34:65 2,* <C18* ;, ,--7>8* 45 ,631:45 ?115, ,29*RFD

-*,47 = -:;,72,-6,*B7 87;,* ,:43 65: 5 65*=4/D-?;49,D B8; CT8*, ,:43 65: B8;

87;,*. N*í ,:43 45 +FE, 4=D 6,95:+*?S84,* +:T;? +,; @:+*23 45675, 65: 5

?;49,D 2,1874,* ;, 45 8>898:;/+8* 8*D R?<5D.ª42 A5 ,;B9*23 65*=4*23 ë8-Fí +:;,96?S84,* ,63 4= +P;B8+= +FE,-

-:;,72,-@P+=. D*" 5',. !'/!6#&"* 5)*,. !615"*,. &*" 5)13. */01>. 8/"2(;/* 813 5)* &-*!"# 513 % -*-"#

40 (. "--5;365:15D, ´H ;C, J?5:9,ª, C2$5',+,, 43E. Wí, ^2,95D, 1985, ++. 138 ñ 139. 41 );B9C, '69843;, N=1+$,, E4@9. G4. L5:E,;5PB=D, \X*15;, 1981, +. 146 ñ 147. 42 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D [Ö]ª, (.6., +. 294.





21

):/ *%!1/"</ */)"-*-# )<6* &*" 5',. 8'/0A5*)' (' )* 813-"# &*U(;/* (*6#0%)' 2"*)í % 2-3&'"# 8*60;/* !'/ (' *2*8#.43

H 6,9<8;7, 8>*+F;84,* E8 45 ,631:4, @:+*23 +FE, 2?4* 65: 2,<*+4?

,631:4, 695;5E*,2/ 4= E59@/ 4=D ,-,6=EC;=D. !,9?11=1, ´8;B:;,EF;8*

4= B*?+4,+= 45: ?6*,+45: 2,* ,;C--*T45: ,23E, 2,* EC+, +4=; 86,@/ 45: E8

4=; =B5;/ª44. & Lacan 868+/E,;8 34* 45 -:;,*2875 ,;4*287E8;5 8228;F;84,*

,63 2?<8 69,-E,4*2/ 5:+7, 2,* C4+* 5B=-874,* +4=; 8>*B,;728:+= 2,* 4=;

,11=-597, 868*B/ ´B8; E*1?E8 654C E8 43+5 C;45;, 89.4*2? 13-*, 6,9? 34,;

45 693+.65 E84,+49C@84,* +8 E7, +:ER51*2/ 18*45:9-7,ª45. H ,;47+45*T=

+:ER51*2/ 18*45:9-7, E65987 ;, 8--9,@87 E8 4=; ´8>*B,;*28:EC;= 2,*

,693+*4= 8-2,4?+4,+= 45: -:;,*2875: ,;4*28*EC;5: E8 4= E59@/ 4=D -:;,72,D-6,*B*5Pª46.

"*25;565*78D 45: -:;,*2875: +FE,45D R97+25:E8 2,* +4, 811=;*2?

:68998,1*+4*2? 287E8;,. G45; "--5;365:15 5* -:;,728D 6í ,-,65PE8 87;,*

93B*,, 2P2;5*, B?+=, 17E;8D, ´5* 25*1*CD 45:D 87;,* 5 5:9?;*5D <315Dª, ´4,

T871= 45:D 87;,* 5 /1*5D, 45 @8--?9*ª47. G45; "E68*9725 = -:;,72, 87;,*

,B*,TF9=4= ,63 4= @P+= 2,* 4= <?1,++,. );47+45*T= +P;B8+= -:;,72,D - <?1,++,D +:;,;4?E8 2,* +45; G2,97E6,. G8 ,:4/ 4=; ,1:+7B, 4.; ,;,15-*F;

8-2,<7+4,4,* E*, +=E,7;5:+, EC+, ,63 45 49764:T5 4=D -5;*E34=4,D, 4=D

C;.+=D 2,* 45: ,*+<=+*,+E5P.48

43 )63 45 657=E, ´L1?X,48ª. );C2B545. O=E5+*8:EC;5 +45 689. D1>?1, C45D )_, 4T. 7, 7.5.1910, +. 6. 44 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D [Ö]ª, (.6., +. 295. 45 J. Lacan: ´Líamour courtois en anamorphoseª, Le SÈminaire VII ´LíÈthique de la psychanalyseª, Seuil, !,97+* 1986, +. 179. 46 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D [Ö]ª, (.6., +. 295. 47 (. "--5;365:15D, ´\E;5D B5>,+4*23D -*, 4*D -:;,728D 6í ,-,65PE8ª, C2$5',+,, 43E. )í, ^2,95D, 1977, ++. 142 ñ 146. 48 );,-;.+4565P15: O*,E?;4=, O 62$0+$45 +2! .#A+, &+2 .#82 +2! D. H'6*$#942!, \X*15;, 1990, +. 136 ñ 150.





22

H E59@/ 4=D 65<=4/D ;8,9/D 2,* ,-;/D -:;,72,D 6,95:+*?S84,* +45

657=E, ´'6,1?;4,ª. "BF = -:;,*287, E59@/ 689*-9?@84,* E3;=, ,@71=4=,

;C, 2,* -8;;,7,. & ?;49,D 695+EC;8* 4=; ,;4?E.+/ 45:D: D*" /#/*" &" *3)A ñ 48:. &" '2< ñ 2'//*,* % *7,-%)A (13, % *2*8%(;/% (13, 4)*/

ñ 4(167* *&4(*, *&4(* /;* ñ 2-3&# 0*6+4)*/Ö49

)63 45 ë8+Pí 4=D -:;,72,D ,;,BP84,* = 848934=4,, 65: +45

:68998,1*+4*23 68B75, 695+BC;84,* +4= B*,@59? 4.; @P1.;. &

:68998,1*+4*23D C9.4,D 8BF B8 ;829F;8* 4=; 848934=4, ,11? 4= B*,4=987. );

+45:D +47T5:D 45: "E68*9725: 5 ë?115Dí B8; 87;,* C;, ,;4*287E8;5 65: -7;84,*

B*23 E,D / -7;84,* ë8E87Dí, ,11? ,65+P984,* ,;47<84, EC+, +45 E:+4/9*5 45:50, C4+* 2,* +45:D +2,9*E6*25PD +47T5:D = ,-,6=EC;= E5*?S8* E8 ´+T/E, <513ª

2,* 43+5 E,29*;3 65: 4=; 2,<*+4? 3;8*95 ,;8261/9.45: T('"/' (4/% '&', ñ /* -;: (*&63# (13, 4@í *8í )%. &*6!"#. (13 )* 46"* (;/'": 5+A(* 01-4 5)* '8,2'"* !#&63# (13

% *2*8%(;/%Ö51 G45 657=E, ´& +4,<E?9T=Dª, = -:;,72, E8 4=; 695+@F;=+= ´2:9?ª

-7;84,* 3;8*95 -*, B*,+4,P9.+= +4=; ,*.;*34=4,: V, '5>, &36# (13 +;6", !4/)"*, (#)", 4/'"61 &*" )6*,/1 81> )%/ 8#. )% /"4)%,

;!:5* 5"/"#-1 ñ ) 1 & * 0 A & 1 /! ñ 2"* )% !"*5)*>6:5A (*. 5)%/ *":/"4)%Ö52

G8 6,93E5*5 6;8PE, -7;84,* = ,68*23;*+= 4=D -:;,72,D +45 657=E,

´M,;4,+7,ª. '5*?S8* E8 4= -:;,72, ñ 39,E,, 3E.D ,:4/ 4= @59? 4,>*B8P8*

+4=; ,*.;*34=4,, C>. ,63 ´4=; 49*2:E7, 45: 23+E5:ª, E,S7 E8 45 65*=4*23

8-F. 49 )63 45 657=E, ´'6,1?;4,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 34-36 50 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:, O 62$0+$45 +2! .#A+, &+2 .#82 +2! D. H'6*$#942!, \X*15;, 1990, +. 113. 51 )63 45 657=E, ´'6,1?;4,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 34-36 52 )63 45 657=E, ´& +4,<E?9T=Dª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 59-60.





23

H#/*" 5* /* (*. 586<+/'" ;/*. *;6*. (*9, 861. ;/*/ !64(1 7"!:)4 813 5$', 5)* +#%,

&*" 5;/* )13 &*8;-13 513 8-*)'"# &*" 7*/)*"9, &#81"* &16!;-* )13, )6'-# /* +*"6')#'".53

A5 E:,13 45: 65*=4/ ,;,49CT8* +8 -:;,*287, P6,9>= = 5657, 2,4?@898

;, R98* 45 @.D 2,* ;, >8@P-8* ,63 4, 867-8*,. ):43 45 @.D 6,9,6CE68* +45

:68998,1*+4*23 @.D .D ,63995*, 45: 49*64PT5: C9.4,D ñ 818:<897, ñ 657=+= 65: 8-2.E7,+,; 5* :68998,1*+4CD.

!9328*4,* -*, 4= -:;,72, 65: 2,4?@898 ;, 69,-E,4565*/+8* 4=; C>5B5

@:-/D ,63 4, 39*, 45P45: 45: 23+E5: ñ 65: 43+5 86*<:E5P+8 5 65*=4/D ñ / -*, 4=; 6*29/ <PE=+= 4=D -:;,72,D 45: 65: 6C<,;8 +4, 33 4=D T93;*,;

W6*,*, /*"Ö =* '2< 7*6(#&" ;8"/*, 5&;7)1/)*. '/)4. (13, *3)A/ 813 5*/ +'-"!1/#&"

@'7)1>6"5' *8í )1 7:. )13 &45(13Ö54

D*" )1 (81),/" 513 ñ B%-4 )*&1>/" ñ )* +;6"* &6,/1" (&6,/1", A (%/ ;)1"(* /í *81!%(A513/' 813-"# )13 */;(13;) 55

H ,7+<=+= 4=D @:-/D ,68*25;7S84,* 2,* +45 657=E, ´A5 R?S5ª. H

-:;,72, .D S.-9,@*? = 5657, <C18* ;, >8@P-8* ,63 4, +48;? 39*, 45:

B*,25+E=4*25P 9315: 65: 87;,* 2,4,B*2,+EC;= ;, CT8*: F'; (13! D,/*! D*" 5)6*$,9: 5*/ /'"12;//%-

)1 2*),. G"/4 8'/#&" ñ ´&#/01.ª !4/)", (>)% ñ '&', ñ 9:26*7"5(;/%

:. #/01..

G' ("* &#(B% )1 81!#6" (13 ñ ,!"1 @,71. ñ 5)1 8165'-*/, (13 +*(12;-"1,

(' )* (#)"* 8*6!*-# ñ F'; (13 ), >71. );-'"1!

H* 8%!A@: *84 )1 $#91 (13; J, 746(* '/4. 5&,)513 ñ &,/%5%. 5*/ )4@1 ñ

7<. )1 24/*, 7<. )1 8A!%(*, :. 0* <6(**

53 )63 45 657=E, ´M,;4,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 22. 54 )63 45 657=E, ´H 6,9C,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 119. 55 )63 45 657=E, ´H 6,9C,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 119.





24

5)* 4@:.56

N:;,72, 4=D :X=1/D 25*;.;7,D: )68*25;7S84,* +45 657=E, Á5 61575 (& A*4,;*23D)ª. G8 E*, ,7<5:+,

T595P R,1D E8 E6?;4, +4=; 5657, 1" ;@:('. (%-*,!'. &*" )* 9'>2%, 813 :6*,* 5)61$"-,91/)*/57

6,95:+*?S84,* 45 <=1:23 65: ,-,6? 45 B*?R,+E,, 87;,* .9,7,, E81,-T51*2/,

E5;,T*2/, B8; T598P8*, 87;,* E5*9,7,, .T9/ 2,* ,27;=4=. '8 45 R*R175 +45 TC9*

B8; ,;4*1/@<=28 34* 45 61575 R:<7S84,*: 5)1 8;-*1 813 *2#-" ;&*/' & 6 # ) ' " Ö V % D36,*, % D36,* *3)A % (1"6*,* (' 8#/)* )1 $"$-,1 ñ )<6* ñ < /#)% ñ

&637# )1 5&# *8í )%/ 846)*, &"í ',/í :6*,*,

(* :+6AÖ X/< )1 8-1,1 8-;'" (A !'/ 8-;'";) )1/ 8-1,*6+1 &6*)', &" *+/A &*" &6>*:

- ´P61,&%5* 5*/ &#81"1 ),/*2(*ª )13 -;'" - =* $;$*"*, $30"94('0* D36,*!... 58

!9328*4,* -*, 45 *B8,43 E5;4C15 826,7B8:+=D 2,* +:E689*@59?D 4=D

25*;.;*2? ,65B824/D -:;,72,D 45: 69F45: E*+5P 45: 195: ,*F;,. H G5@7,

(48;7+=59 -9?@8* -*, 4=; =9.7B, 4=D +:--9,@C.D Hannah More 2,* -*, 4=;

=9.7B, 8;3D/E*,D [11=;,/;7B,D ,;F;:E5:/=D +:--9,@C.D. H More 8*+=-874,* E*, <C+= :654,-EC;5: +:;493@5:, 8;F 5/= [11=;,D/;7B, +:--9,@C,D

,65BCT84,*, ,; 2,* 3T* ,B*,E,94P9=4, E7, <C+= :654815PD B5P15: 8167S5;4,D

+8 E8115;4*2/ 2,1:4C98:+= 4=D <C+=D ,:4/D. '8 ,:4CD 4*D 86*+=E?;+8*D

,65B8*2;P84,* = 86*29?4=+= 45: ,;B9*25P 2,48+4=EC;5: 4=D 865T/D.

)>*5+=E87.45 87;,* 34* +8 287E8;, 4=D 865T/D ,:4/D ,65B8*2;P84,* 34* +4*D

56 )63 45 657=E, Á5 R?S5ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E, 3.6., +. 105. 57 )63 45 657=E, Á5 61575 (& A*4,;*23D)ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 63-64. 58 )63 45 657=E, Á5 61575 (& A*4,;*23D)ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 63-64. 59 Sophia Denissi: ´The ideal ëotherí as expressed in an English and a Greek nineteenth-century novel for ladiesª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, &+0 3282+*;19,. 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., (Wí O*8<;CD G:;CB9*5 ñ !9,24*2?, 43E5D )í), 82B3+8*D O3E5D, )</;, 2000, ++. 261 ñ 272.





25

-:;,728D B52*E?S5;4,* 4, 39*, 4=D 81,+4*234=4,D 2,* 4=D =<*2/D E*,D

25*;.;7,D. H ,7+<=+= 4=D ´L:97,Dª, B=1,B/ = E59@/ 8287;=D 4=D -:;,72,D =

5657, 87;,* 25*;.;*2? ,65B824/ 2,* 8E6;C8* 45 +8R,+E3 13-. 4=D 2,4,-.-/D

4=D, E8 P@5D ,63E,295 2,* ,:+4=93 65: B8; 86*49C68* 4*D +:;,*+<=E,4*2CD

8>?9+8*D +:;,;4?4,* 2,* +45 657=E, ´[;, 61575 E8 P@5Dª: W6*,1 &*" 8'6,'621 ñ D36,* ñ 8*"+/,!" '8*,@*(' 1" !31 (*. (í '32;/'"* 5)1 @,71., ñ 81/)#6*(' 5' 4-*, 5)* (#)"*, 5)1 76>!"

5)1 >71.. (Ö)

H* &-*,('; ? 4+" (/)618A!) G' ("#/ #&6%*60

N:;,72, 45: T.9*5P: G8 P@5D 2,* -1F++, -9,@/D 65: <:E7S5:; =<5-9,@*23 B*/-=E, ,63

45:D P,Q'2@/ &+2 F#$6215&$, = -:;,72, +45 T.9*3 689*EC;8* ,6?;4=+= ,63

45; ,-,6=4*23 4=D E8 -9?EE,, E84? ,63 @/E8D +45 T.9*3 -*, 4= +TC+= 45:D:

ÖM8#/)%5,. 513 ñ -;'" ñ 13!'(,* &*" *816', )1 * , ) " 1 / 813

% 9:A )%. ñ -;'" ñ &6'(";)*" ' & ( , * ) 6 , + * '@ *"),*. )í *!'671>

(Ö) D*" ',(*" 1 *2*8%)"&4. )%.

- 5'"4/)*" )* !;/)6* 5)1 +:6"4! (Ö)

G'";)*" &*" )1 =*6"< (13 5'";)*" &*" 8#'" 5)% 5)6#)* (1/*+A61

& ,-,6=4*23D 4=D 3E.D 4=; CT8* >8T?+8*:

! " í ' ( ; 8 1 0 ' ,, '/< 5)%/ C*/*- 2"# #--'. */#$13/ )* &'6"#. 62

60 )63 45 657=E, ´[;, 61575 E8 P@5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 113. 61 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 ',9*Fª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 76-77. 62 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 ',9*Fª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 76-77.





26

H -:;,72, 45: T.9*5P E8 E= 812:+4*2/ 8E@?;*+= ,6548187 +45 <513 ñ 89.48:EC;5 E:,13 45: 69.4,-.;*+4/ C;,; ?6*,+45 2,=E3. ):4/ = -:;,*287,

4,:434=4, ,; 2,* R97<8* ,9;=4*2F; T,9,24=9*+4*2F;, 8;45P45*D ,6548187 E7,

5134=4, 2,<FD 4, ,9;=4*2? T,9,24=9*+4*2? B8; 8>,187@5;4,*Y :6?9T5:; -*,

;, 45;7S5;4,* 4, <84*2?. 'C+. 4=D ,@=-=E,4*2/D 4CT;=D B=E*5:9-874,* E7,

5134=4, C+4. 2,* ,;4*@,4*2/ 2,<FD = 8; 13-. -:;,*287, P6,9>= B8; 87;,*

?+T=E= ,11? 89.48P+*E=: M84 )%/ 84-% '2< &" *3)A +:6"#)* 1>!í ',!%5% )%. )6;-*. (13 ',+' 8#6'": )* (1>)6* )%. )* 7135&1(*213-#)*

/* -;: 7'22#6".

R'6*2&"*/4. &" *84-":5* 2"í *3)A/* /* 8*6*-< 5)1/ &*7'/;, 5)%/ 8"#)5* &" *. )#"9' 21361>/"* ñ ;-'2* &6,/*

)í *!6# )%. (86#)5*!

Y;(*)* 813 )* 8,5)'3* ñ &*" 8451!... 63

H E59@/ 4=D 65<=4/D -:;,72,D E5*?S8* E8 S.-9,@*?: = 3X= 4=D, 4,

,*+</E,4, 65: >P6;=+8 +45 65*=4*23 8-F, ,23E, 2,* = ,;?E;=+= 4.; TF9.;

4=D ñ 45: +6*4*5P 4=D. !9328*4,* -*, E:+4*256,</ -:;,*287, @*-5P9,. A,

+45*T87, 4=D 6,9,EC;5:; ?-;.+4,. &* +47T5* ,65B7B5:; 45 ?6*,+45 4=D

E59@/D 4=D 2,* 4=; *2,;34=4? 4=D ;, B9,6848P8* ,63 4=; ,-?6=. G8 :1*23

86768B5, 5* +47T5* ,65B7B5:; +,; 65*=4*2/ S.-9,@*? 45 +6*4?2* 4=D

S.-9,@*+EC;5 E8 E65-*CD ,63 4981/ 6,1C4,: (Ö)A5*/ +6<(* )* 58,)"* )%., 91326*7";. 1" */;(1"

&*" 1" !64(1" (812";.!

=*0%)1>!" (13 1 ;6:)*. (;5í 5)". 61>2'. &1/)# (13 &',, 9:26#71. '(#0*"/' (' 8*-;)* )6'-A,

5)". (812";. 48:. ;7)*/' '$13)1>5' &*" /# (13 % 9:A 8*6!*-AÖ

J1 58")#&" )%. &4&&"/1 )4+' $#B'", &*" 2&6,9* )* 236)# 8*6*0>6"* )13 ñ !34 26*((;. (1-3$, ',+' 5>6'" 2"* ()#+*)".) &38*6,5*, *8í )% 6,9*,

(;5í 5' 74/)1 (*$,.

D13)1361> (;5í 5)* +6<(*)* '$13)1>5'! ="* 7-42*

63 )63 45 657=E, ´)--C1.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 83.





27

',+' &#('" )%/ 4B% )%., )* (*--"# )%. &*8/1>.I (Ö)

0* 813-< )%/ '"&4/* )%. ñ 91326*7";. 813 (' &*,/' */*((;/1 !*!,Ö64

H @*-5P9, 4=D 1:9*2/D -:;,*287,D 6,95:+7,D 87;,* 25*;3D 4365D +4=

+2,9*E6*2/ 657=+=. G45 ´217E, 45: 95E,;4*+E5P E*, 865T/D 65: C@:-8

,;867+49864,, 2*;874,* 2,* 45 657=E, ´H ?-;.+4=ª. A5 217E, 45: G2,97E6, +í

,:4/ 4= +:115-/ 87;,* +P+45*T5 RCR,*, E8 45 SPLEEN 65: 87;,* B*?T:45 +4=;

,4E3+@,*9,, 4= S./ 2,* 4=; 657=+=.ª65 G45 657=E, ´H ?-;.+4=ª ,25PE8 45

95E,;4*23 49,-5PB* 4=D @8:-?4=D -:;,72,D -*, 4, E,11*? 4=D, 45 6?4=E, 4.;

4,25:;*F; 4=D, 45: 2:E,4*+E5P 4.; 95PT.; 4=D: D" A)*/ :6*,* :. 8;6*5' #&6% )13 !64(13 '&',, (í #2/:5)1 8#)%(* 81!"1> &*" )637'64 (35)A6"1,

5)1 8'91!64(" &61>1/)*. :6*,* '6%("&A, ):/ )*&13/"</ )%. )1 21624 &" '6:)"&4 '($*)A6"1.

G)#0&* 5)%)4., )% (135"&A 261"&</)*. )13 *-*761>

&3(*)"5(1> ):/ 61>+:/ )%. ñ &" '/)4. (13 4,)" ',+' 58#5'" &" A)*/ )6*+>, 5)%. 71>5)*. )%. )1 '32'/"&4 761>-761>, +6354. /* 2,/')í ;/":0* &*684. 84+'" :6"(#5'"!

T732' *3)AÖ C1"1. @;6'" 81> ñ 5' 81"* 5"2A '6%("#. ñ /15)*-2"&A )1 $A(* )%. )í #2/:5)1 8#'" /* !<5'", &" *3)A ñ )1 /"<0: /*" ñ 813 */ A0'-', (' ("#., )1/ $#6$*64 (13 '*3)4 2-3&# 0#+' %('6<5'". 66

">,798+= ñ +PE@.;, E8 45; G. N9. G4,E65:15P67 ñ +4*D -:;,*2878D

E59@CD ,6548187 = -:;,72, +45 657=E, ´#,TC1,ª68. ); 2,* = -:;,72, CT8*

2,4,24=<87 B8; 86/1<8 8:4:T7, 2,* 89.4*2/ 61=934=4,, ,11? /9<8 = 61/>= 2,*

64 )63 45 657=E, ´[9.4,D S.-9?@5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, ++. 38 - 39. 65 !. (. !,;,-*.45P;=D, F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/. K $%,38(/ +0/ R,349%,/, "4,*987, 811=;*25P R*R175:, )</;,, 1986, ++. 15 ñ 16. 66 )63 45 657=E, ´H ?-;.+4=ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 27. 67G. N9. G4,E65:15P, C08./ 6*728#,-9,/ +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, )</;, 2006, +. 305. 68 W1. 45 657=E, +45 ". J. $. )., ,9T8*,23 :1*23 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, @?2815D 16/12 ñ 16/47 (+4=; 2,4,-9,@/ 13 ñ 54), ,9. 35 (2,4,-9,@/ ,9. 41). !95C18:+= ,9T875: G6. L5227;=D.





28

= ,B*,@597,. 'í ,:43 45; 49365 ,65B8*2;P84,* 34* ,:43 65: 8;B*,@C98* 45;

65*=4/ 87;,* 45 6,*T;7B* 4=D ,C;,=D 5;8*95631=+=D 45: C9.4,.69 H -:;,*287, E59@/ ,6548187 693+.65 65: B7;8* T,9? 2,* 4=;

,631,:+= 45: @1894 +4*D 29,+56,9C8D: D"í *&4(*, :6*,* A)*/ :. 5)#9*/ +635# )* -42"* (*. &1/)# )%., )* (#)"* )%. :. (*. &3)#9*/

:. (*. ('01>5' % o(167"# )%.. 70

A5 6,*T;7B* 45: @1894 E8 E7, L:97,: W6*,1 &*" 8'6,'621 ñ D36,* ñ 8*"+/,!" '8*,@*(' 1" !31 (*. (í '32;/'"* 5)1 @,71., ñ 81/)#6*(' 5' 4-*, 5)* (#)"*, 5)1 76>!"

5)1 >71.. 71

H E59@/ 4= B:;,E*2/D -:;,72,D E8 ?-9*5 T,9,24/9,, = -:;,72, ñ

,@C;49, 6,95:+*?S84,* +45 657=E, O )=#$21 ).L$4, +2! :7, S: )13 &136/"*+)1> 0* 5í ;8*"6/' 5)%(;/%

5)% 5;-* *%)1(>)* (í :. /* (% 0#8'7)'. (' )% 2-<55* !*2&:(;/% *84 5736";. &*" 8;)*-* &16(,Ö

C#/: 5)1 &*0*64*"(4 513 #)"

(,/)5'. 81--;. )* 84!"* )13 ñ -"2/#) :. &" 1" 8"5)1-10A&'. 513, )1 #+)"

)13. (#5*2*/ (13+)'6;. &" *62#, :. /*,

5;/* &*)#8"/*/!(Ö)72

& 65*=4/D @,;89F;8* ´8T<9*2/ª +4?+= ,6C;,;4* +8 ,:4/ 4= B:;,E*2/

-:;,*287, E59@/: (Ö) ?--1 !' (;/'":

,!"1/ M$'5*-<( 5)* !;/)6* (*--1"#)

69 G. N9. G4,E65:15P, C08./ 6*728#,-9,/ +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, )</;, 2006, +. 305 70 )63 45 657=E, ´H 6,9C,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 119. 71 )63 45 657=E, ´[;, 61575 E8 P@5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 113. 72 )63 45 657=E, ´H '?9*5; 'C>*2, 45: AS,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 106.





29

)í #)" /* 5' )"/#@'" ñ &6'(*5(;/% *8í )* )')6#8%+# 513 )* (*--"#Ö73

H E59@/ 4=D -:;,72,D = 5657, 2,4,@C9;8* ;, CT8* 45 6?;. TC9* 2,* ;,

86*R?118* E8 49365 4= <C1=+/ 4=D +45; ?;49, 65: 4=; ,-,6? +:;,;4?4,* 2,*

+45 657=E, ´H ,-,6=4*2*? E5:ª: D*" (í ;&*"2' &1/)# (' 7:. ñ )% 7,-%2* 5)* +',-% ñ (13 7<)*' (' )% 7:)"# ñ &*" (' $635";. (í '3-42* ñ '!< 1 8*8#., &', 1 8*8#. ñ % 7-42* ñ )1 73),-" ñ

Ö &" ;8'7)* 8# 5)% 7-42*! 74

& 4P65D 4=D C>:6;=D -:;,72,D = 5657, 2,4?@89;8 E8 4=; 65;=9*? 4=D

2,* 4=; 5E59@*? 4=D ;, 684:T,7;8* ,:43 65: <C18* +:;,;4?4,* +4=;

+2,9*E6*2/ 657=+= 36.D 2,* +45 15-548T;*23 217E, 45: E8+5651CE5:. ):4/ =

-:;,72, 2,4?@89;8, 6,9? 4, 3+, 2316, C2,;8 +45; ?;49, 65: 4=; 65<5P+8, +45 4C15D ;, 45: >8@8P-8*:

´V /* 5' &#B:, P"#//% (13, 2"* /* 5í *-',B: (;-"Öª ñ '/< 2< +>(*2* 5)1 7:. &" ;8"*/* )% 7:)"# )%., '!< 1 8*8#., &', 1 8*8#. ñ (13 @;7'32' 5# +;-"

'(;/* % 1(167"# )%.Ö75

H -:;,*287, E59@/ 65: 2*;87 4, ;/E,4,, = L1.<F, 8E@,;7S84,* +45

657=E, ´H 867+28X*Dª. & 9315D 4=D 87;,* ;, +:;B9?E8* +4=; 4PT= 8;3D

61575:: C6#2(*)". D*" -'8)4/ 8:. ñ )". ñ /* !"*/1',)*"

()". 1,!' !', ),, % D-:0< 0* &4B'" A 6#B'";) ',)' )1/ -421 )%. *7,@'<. )13, ',)' )* 7<)* )13 ñ 2"*),; ñ ',+'/ */#B'".76

73 )63 45 657=E, ´H '?9*5; 'C>*2, 45: AS,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 106. 74 )63 45 657=E, ´H ,-,6=4*2*? E5:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 111. 75 )63 45 657=E, ´H ,-,6=4*2*? E5:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 111. 76 )63 45 657=E, ´H 867+28X*Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 115-116.





30

H +P;B8+= 4=D -:;,72,D E8 45 <,1,++*;3 +45*T875 2,* E8 45 2,9?R*: G45 657=E, ´H O8+65*;7D J. !.ª = 3X= 4=D -:;,72,D 812P8* 45:D E81,-T51*25PD 2,* ,E71=45:D 6,98:9*+25EC;5:D E84,>P 4.; 5657.;

R97+284,* 2,* 45 65*=4*23 8-F: (Ö) &"í :. )1 $-;((* 5*. ñ 5*Z)* ñ &*" )1 !4/)"

(*. ')6#$*', '(',. 5' &3))1>5*(' 0-"((;/1", 5":8%-1,

&*" 2-3&1,

(Ö)

5)1 5&1)#!" 8617,- -#(8'" ñ 57#+)%. ñ )1 !4/)" )1 (#)", &*" (*. 8645('/' (' 7<)* */*7)#

)1 $*846".77

"67+=D +45 657=E, ´);,E6C1, ñ J=ª: C1"* ',5*" ?+! ?+ !'/ (13 )1 -;. )%. -;: &*U(;/% 5)1 8-1,1 ñ 7#/)*5(* A513/ &*" 5> -,21 A 81->; G)* /*3)1-42"* 4-:/ ):/ 8-1,:/ ',/*" 26*((;/%

/* -;21(*" (&" *. (%/ 38#6+:) M / * ( 8 ; - * ñ [ A !78

A5 89.4*23 29:@3 6,*T;7B* ,;?E8+, +8 C;,; ?;49, 2,* E7, L:97,

+:;BC84,* E8 45 61575. A5 P@5D 45: C9.4? 45:D 6,95E5*?S84,* E8 45 +*.6=13

4,>7B* 45: 61575:. L,* 36.D @8P-8* 45 4,>7B* C4+* @8P-8* 2,* = B*2/ 45:D

*+4597,. W6*,1 &*" 8'6,'621 ñ D36,* ñ 8*"+/,!" '8*,@*(' 1" !31 (*. (í '32;/'"* 5)1 @,71., ñ 81/)#6*(' 5' 4-*, 5)* (#)"*, 5)1 76>!"

5)1 >71.. 79

D*" :6*,* ;/* 8-1,1 813 '6+4)*/ ñ +*6# )13! ñ &1/)# í84 -,21 *,(* (*., &*" 2,/1/)*/ 48:.: +635# ',/*" &" *@,9'" /* &-*,(' ñ &637# )13 ñ

1 &481.. (Ö)

C615(;/'";Ö ? ñ 4+". F* A)*/ 2'-1,1

77 )63 45 657=E, ´H O8+65*;7D J. !.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 46-47. 78 )63 45 657=E, ´);,E6C1, ñ J=ª. O=E5+*8:EC;5 +4=; 8@=E897B, C#22%*!+$45 H@"2$, (,9. @. 117, 24.3.í77, +. 2). W97+284,* +45 ".J.$.)., ,9T875 N. G2., +45 ".J.$.)., @?2815D 1, (695C18:+= ,9T875: A,+7, G81C25:). 79 )63 45 657=E, ´[;, 61575 E8 P@5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 113.





31

/* 8"#513(' ñ 8#-"; ñ D36,* (13 )1 @,71. *8-<. 2"*), 5)#0%&' *3)4 ñ '&', ñ )1 8-1,1

(' >71.Ö80

G45 657=E, ´A5 2,9?R*ª, 45 65*=4*23 8-F S=4? ,63 4=; ,-,6=EC;= 45:

;, 45: E*1/+8* ñ +,; 6,9,EP<* -*, C;, 2,9?R*: X"8; (13, *2#8% (13, 2"* ;/* &*6#$"

01-4 813 1-1(4/*+1 8#'", (Ö)

M2#8% (13, *2#8% (13, )1 8-1,1 (' 8-<6% 01-A &" % 0'46*)% '&',/%

ñ 7:)"# 8í */'$*,/'" *8í )* !#5*, *8í )* 46% ñ % G'-A/%.

(Ö) D*" >5)'6* (',/' ñ &" '2< ñ 5í ;/* !64(1 &*" ñ ), 4/'"61 5)1 5$A5' &*" 5)í #B'! ñ

)1 &'7#-" *&13(8</)*. ñ 1-460% ñ 5)1/ <(1 (13 &-#B'Ö81

H -:;,72, 87;,* 45 E/15 4=D C9*B5D ,;?E8+, +8 BP5 ?;498D: G45 657=E, ´G@,T43 4=D ,-?6=Dª, 45 65*=4*23 8-F 2*;B:;8P8* ,63 45;

+PS:-5 4=D -:;,72,D 65: 65<87. (Ö)

J, 0* 9%)<; X,/í *8,5)'3)1! J637'64/ 5*/ í/* $6>1, &#81"*. 76"+)A. 861*84-*35%. (' -"&/,9'" )í *&#)", )<6* )13 #/)6* 513 5&;7)1(*" 813 (' )6>8%5' &6>1

ñ 8"&6A 5*2,)* ñ )1 (#)".

V! 8<. (í '-&>9'" )1 (,51. )13! J6*213!', (13 )1 *,(* $*0> )6*21>!" )13 ,-"2213 ñ 8*,9'" )%. (1,6*. (13 % $"4-* ñ &*0<. $13$4. (í */)"8;6*5', )1 5&-%64 )13 )1 $-;((*

(1> )* 3845+1/)*/ 4-*Ö

S-*, '&)4. *84 5;!... D"í '2< 8*6#@'/í *2#-" 0; /* 5)*0< (861. 5)1 (,51. )13 ñ '&', ñ *8í )1 $-;((* 513 &#)13

5# í/* 813-, 813 @'7)1>6"5' *8í )%. /3+)4. )í *&612"#-" 861. )". *&);. )13 0*/#)13Ö

[1"84/ 0#60:! D*)#+-:(1. ñ 8/'>(* 6"24 )%. 2%)'"#. 513 ñ

/* 160:0< (864. 5)%/ 846)* 513 ñ )6'-1> 1/',613 (13 M6#8%. ñ 0* 86157'60< 5)1 5)"-;)1 )13 '&', (8615)# 5)% (*)"# 513

80 )63 45 657=E, ´[;, 61575 E8 P@5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 113. 81 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 2,9?R*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 55 ñ 56.





32

57*+)4 )%. *2#8%.Ö82

G45 4818:4,75 4849?+4*T5, 45 65*=4*23 ë8-Fí 87;,* 8; 2*;/+8*. L*;874,*

8>,*47,D 4=D 89.4*2/ 86*<:E7,D. ):4/ = 27;=+=, T?9*; 4=D 89.4*2/D

+:;?;4=+=D, B*,4,9?++8* 45; 23+E5. !,9?11=1, T,97S8* S.;4?;*, 2,*

8;C9-8*, 8>,*47,D 4=D ,;,2?1:X=D 2,* 4=D ,;,-;F9*+=D 45: ?115:. & ë?115Dí ñ = -:;,72, 8E@,;7S84,* EC+, +8 C;,; 23+E5 2*;=4*23 2,* 45 :65287E8;5 (ë8-Fí)

2,1874,* ;, ,652,1PX8* 45; 8,:43 45: +8 ,:43 45 2?18+E,. H E59@/ 45: 68+3;45D ,--C15: (2,* +PS8:>= <8Q25P E8 45 SF5) +45

<*92 :#,89 65: ,25P8* +45 3;5E, N*?;;=D, <, 8>81*T<87 +8 -:;,*2878D @*-5P98D

5* 56578D <, 5;5E,+45P; ´R5QB?--815*ª, -*, ;, 8;F+5:; 82 ;C5: 45 SF5 2,*

45 ,--81*23 +8 C;, <,:E,+43 ;8515-*+E3 65: B8; 29PR8* 4= +P;<8+= 45:,

5P48 45; <,:E,+E3 ,11? 5P48 2,* 4=; ,6F<=+= -*, 45 -:;,*2875.83 G45 657=E,

´G@,T43 4=D ,-?6=Dª, = -:;,*287, @*-5P9, = 5657, +,-=;8P8*, 87;,* =

5;434=4, 65: 6:95B5487 4=; C;4,+= ,;?E8+, +8 BP5 ,9+8;*2?. & K,;?+=D

%,4S365:15D T,9,24=97S8* ,:4/ 4= -:;,*287, E59@/ ´-:;,*2872815ª: ´ID

R5QB?--815* +4=; 5E34*41= 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ 2:215@595P; 5* -:;,*2878D

@*-5P98D 65: 8E6;C5:; 45; C9.4,, 31, ,:4? 4, +2548*;? 2,* B:+57.;,

693+.6, 65: = +?4*9, 45PD B7;8* ,;<9F6*;= E59@/ 2,* 4, 5B=-87 ñ 47 6,9?B5>5 ñ .D 4= +:E6?<8*? E,D, B8; 29PR8* 6,9? 4=; ,9T*2/ B*,1824*2/

,;?E8+, +8 R,+*1*? 2,* 49813 E8 4=; 6,98ER51/ 61C5; 8;3D -:;,*2875:

695+F65: 65: ?11548 -7;84,* ,;4*287E8;5 63<5: 2,* ?11548 B8; 87;,* 6,9?

C;, -:;,*2872815 45 56575 S=4?8* ;, 6?98* S./ ,63 45:D BP5 ?;498D

+:;493@5:D, ,;4,-.;*+4CD. (Ö) & C9.4,D 65: E65987 ;, 2*;/+8* 45;

?;<9.65 +8 <C+= R,+*1*?, E65987 8>7+5: ;, 45; @C98* 2,* +í 8287;= 45:

49815P. (Ö)ª84

82 )63 45 657=E, ´G@,T43 4=D ,-?6=Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 110. 83 K,;?+=D %,4S365:15D: ´H 15>/ +5@7, 2,* = 25*;/ <17X=ª, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 3.6., +. 311. 84 K,;?+=D %,4S365:15D: ´H 15>/ +5@7, 2,* = 25*;/ <17X=ª, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 3.6., +. 306.





33

G4, 65*/E,4, ´W5QB?--815D !9F45Dª 2,* ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª =

,65+495@/ +4= -:;,*287, 6,95:+7, 2,<*+4? 4= -:;,72, +PER515 E8 *B*34=48D

,--81*2CD 2,* B*,R51*2CD. D" :. !31 (13)91>6'. ):/ 763!"</ 513 1" (*)5*224/'.I

()1 ñ 9<1 ñ 5)4(* 513 */1"+)4 ;:. )í *7), 513). V ):/ (%6</ 513 1" ñ *6+*,13 H*1> ñ 8'5);. &1-</'., V ñ (13 ñ N1O!#22'-' % *5&A("* % -*)6'3)A 513!...85

2,*: N1O!#22'-; (13 '-#(8*/ )* -'3&# 513 84!"*, '/< &*)#-

&16>7:.

5*/ @,71. &6;(1/)*/ 7:)4. )4/* 513 +;6" 5)%. /3&)4.

)1 %(,7:.Ö86

H ,+T/E*, 2,* = 5E59@*? +4= -:;,72, +:;:@,7;5;4,* E8 45 +8>5:,1*23 +45*T875. V11.+48 = -:;,72, /4,; 2,4? 4= +2,9*E6*2/ +2CX= = E8-,1P489=

69321=+=. ); +45 657=E, ´G@,T43 4=D ,-?6=Dª, = -:;,*287, +,-/;=

6:95B5487 8;4?+8*D, 6*5 2?4. 4, +45*T87, <=1:234=4,D ,65245P; +8>5:,1*2/

4,:434=4,. W6*"1#5&%(%, *5&%(:6*,* (13 &1"(A513, (í *3)4 )%. (>)%. 513 ()1 6>2+1.) )%. 2'-1,*.,

!31 &</1" (861>/)913 /* 160:01>/ 5;/* 1" (*5)1, 513 &*" !31, )* )5,/136* ñ 861&</ ñ )4@* *57*-',*.. 87

/ IGC5: G45:D 6,9,2?4. +47T5:D B*,-9?@84,* = E84?R,+= ,63 4= -1:2*?

E=49*2/ ,-2,1*? +4=; ,-2,1*? 4=D ,--81*2/D, ,*<C9*,D -:;,72,D: -7;84,*

+P;B8+= 4.; ,-;F; E=49*2F; +:;,*+<=E?4.; E8 4, 89.4*2? +:;,*+</E,4,

,6C;,;4* +8 E*, ,*<C9*, P6,9>= = 5657, 8E6;C8* (8>7+5:;) +:;,*+<=E,4*2? 45

65*=4*23 8-F:

85 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D !9F45Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ I2J%=88*32$, 82B3+8*D )7-,-95D, )</;, 1968, +. 11. 86 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 93 ñ 94. 87 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D !9F45Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ I2J%=88*32$, 82B3+8*D )7-,-95D, )</;, 1968, +. 11.





34

?@*7/* '&', (864. (13 (), *5)6*8A!) ;/í *(#@" 5)#0%&' &*" ("í #2/:5)% (' *"0;6"* +#6%,

(Ö) V, % )6'-A % (#/* (13 ñ 5)1 $39, )%., 4/)*. (' 2-3&*81&1,("9' ñ ), (í '&6#)'", F'; (13;

&*" ñ (8'(8; ñ !' (í ;!":+/' )4)' (813513-</)*. /* 5' $6: ñ 4813 /#513/* ñ 7:. (13 &" #22'-; (13.88

A5 E5;4C15 45: C9.4, 65: 695297;84,*, ,;,2,187 45 89.4*23 E5;4C15

4=D E=4C9,D E8 45 6,*B7 4=D.89 A5 +FE, 4=D E=4C9,D 87;,* 5 69F45D ëC4895Dí

E8 45; 56575 89T3E,+48 +8 86,@/. ):4/ = 69F4= +TC+= E,D 8*+?-8*, ,-39*,

2,* 25974+*,, +45 +T=E,4*+E3 4=D 4,:434=4?D E,D .D ,;49F; 2,* -:;,*2F;. );

,9;=<5PE8 +í ,:4/ 4=; 69F4= +TC+= 4=; 5*25B3E=+= 4=D B*,@59?D 45:

@P15:, 4348 -1*+49?E8 +8 E*, +:;8T/ 86,;?1=X= 4=D <8F9=+=D 45: 89.4*25P

:6528*EC;5: .D 8;3D 2,* E5;,B*25P, (Ö) 2,* 4=D 2?<8 89.4*2/D +TC+=D .D

+:;8T5PD 86*+495@/D +4=; ,2*;=+7, 4=D C2+4,+=D 65: ,9;874,* 4= B*,@59?

,;?E8+, +4, BP5 EC1= 2,* 2*;874,* +4, BP5 ?29, 45: ;,92*++*+E5P 2,* 4=D

C2+4,+=D.90 H E?;, +45:D 6,9,2?4. +47T5:D E5*?S8* ;, :689824*E? 4, 6,*B*? 4=D:

\635# (' )64813. &*" (*--"#Ö ]" 6#7)'. (*. (), /4'. &*" (*,)6 - *-+#) (*. (8#913/' 5)13. 6*7)"&1>. ):/ 1,&13. ñ 23(/1, '(',.!... 1" (#/'. (*., 2"* "!;. )'. &', ñ *0<'. ñ ',/*" 5*/ !' (*. 2;//%5*/ ("&61>. &13)1>. 8"0A&13.!

D*" ñ )6*-*-#Ö ñ )í *!;67"* (*.: )* 7,!"* , 1" 2#)1", 1" 5&>-1" ñ

5)* );55'6í #--* 8'68*)#/ &" #--* 8*/í (' )* 5)A0%91 H E?;, 65: <9=;87 -*, 45 T,E3 45: 6,*B*5P 4=D:

F* 5' @'+#5: ;/* *842'(* 813 0#+: ñ ), :6*,*! ñ 8'0#/'" (Ö)

Q' 0* (' 2/1"#9'". ^ (#/* (13, !' 0* 38#6+: /* -;'" (Ö)

88 )63 45 657=E, ´V--815D 8@?;= E5*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 78-79. 89 X. Gauthier, SurrÈalisme et sexualitÈ, Gallimard/IdÈes, !,97+*, 1971, +. 71. 90 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D 45: ?115: (Ö)ª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, (Ö), 3.6., +. 296. 91 !57=E, ´H 49?4,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 80-81.





35

0* )%. )%/ 5&#5: */'8#/)'+* &*" 0* )%/ &#(: /* &-*,'" &*0<. 2"* +#6% )%. 2;-*2* &" *. ;&-*"' '/)4. (13 % &*6!"#.92

A5 217E, 45: <,;?45: +:;BC84,* E8 4= E?;, +45 657=E, ´":<,;,+7,ª,

+=E,45B54F;4,D 4=; ,6,9T/ 4=D S./D .D 45 4C15D 4=D: F* 8'0#/: ;/* 51>681 01-4. F#/*" $6#!3

(Ö) =4/1 *3)A. D" % (*/1>-* (13 813 A@'6' 8451

(' )6*$1>5*/ )* 51>68*, )* 7'22#6"* ñ < =#/*! ñ )* 2-3&# @'816),5(*)* )%. *2#8%., &" :. )451

)* 0*(8# &*" )* 8-#/*. 93 H E?;, -7;84,* 45 693+.65 ,65+495@/D 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F:

T/*/ 4-1/ (13, (#/*, )1 5>(8*/ ñ )1 #8*/ ñ (;. 5)". )>+'. (13 813 '8*,+)% )". #/"5'.

&*" "!;. 5)%/ 8*-#(% (13, 8<. )#!*/, 8<. )#8*/ 1" *2#8'. 513 1" (1,6'. ñ )5"22#/"5'.. 94

!" +#!"* 513, 1" +#6'. (13, 1" 2->&'. ()13 )4513

136*/1> (13 5)* (#)"*) 1" '7)#66"9'., ), &481" +*(;/1" 513 5)1/ *76#)1 (*5)4 513 5*/ 5í >8/13. 2-3&1>. (; /*/#6"9'.Ö

(Ö) J#+)* ñ )#! (13 ñ 5)* +;6"* )%. ñ /# &" % ->8% 813 '2,/%

(13 (#/* (&*" (:64 2< *&4(% )%.!) "!;. (', &"4-*., 5)1 +#1. 8<. 0* 5$;/: ñ G'-A/% &6'(*5(;/% *8í )%/ 8#(7:)% &4(% )%.Ö95

/ 5CKA3:8 I=AH8: (+:;/<.D 4,:4565*=EC;= E8 45 65*=4*23 8-F). & ?;B9,D 6,95:+*?S84,* .D 867 45 6187+45; 689*<.9*565*=EC;5D,

,65-5=48:EC;5D ,63 C;,; C9.4,, 86*<:EF;4,D E7, -:;,72, / ,;4*4?++5;4,D

45; 8,:43 45: E8 +,92,+E3 2,* 8*9.;87, ,6C;,;4* +4*D 25*;.;*2CD +:ER?+8*D.

92 )63 45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 40. 93 )63 45 657=E, ´":<,;,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, ++. 25 ñ 26. 94 )63 45 657=E, ´Z4* 8E5P 8+47ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 118. 95 )63 45 657=E, ´Z4* 8E5P 8+47ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 118.





36

G8 ,9284? +=E87, 4=D +2,9*E6*2/D 65*=4*2/D = 689*<.9*5657=+= 4=D ,;B9*2/D

E59@/D 87;,* ,654C18+E, 4=D 8*9.;*2/D +TC+=D 45: ,43E5: E8 45 ?E8+5

689*R?115; 45:. A5 ,;B9*23 ´8-Fª +4*D 6187+48D 4.; 689*64F+8.; B*,2,4CT84,* ,63

8+.489*2CD +:-295P+8*D 5* 56578D +6,;7.D 82@9?S5;4,*. & ,65218*+E3D 45:

2,* = ,6816*+EC;= B*,@:-/ 45: +45 3;8*95 / +4=; 6,9?;5*, B*,@59565*5P;

5:+*,+4*2? 4=; ,45E528;49*2/ +:+495@/ 45:.96 ="*/ *+-> ñ )#+*. &*" )#+*. ñ &*" /#í(*" (),; !'/ 2,/')*" &*" 7*513-A!'. &-*(;/1";) G)1 &6'$#)" (13 í2< $*-(;/1. &*" &#(' )1 2"*)64 5> ñ (' (1>6% $*((;/%.

(Ö) ="* 8*6#5)*5%! Q31 +-:(1, 7*513-A!'.:

)#+* 2< ',(*" 1 #66:5)1. &*" 2"*)64. &',/1. (Y;(***!). D" :+ '84/'5*!... =% (' !#2&:5'; X,!'.; ñ X,!'., 0;*)61 (í ;/* +#+*/1 &" *,(*;!... 97

'5;?T5D, +*.6=13D ,65S=4? +:;495@*? 2,* @,;4?S84,* 4=; *B,;*2/

-:;,72,: D#)" A)*/ 5*/ B;(* &" A(13/ (1/*+4. (13 (;5í 5)% 5":8%-A (13 ñ 84+: 8#/)* ñ )6;-*. V ;/* 5)4(* ñ */ A)*/ ñ 0#!"/* )1 7:. (13 &#)" /* (13 '(,-'"', &#)" /* (13 '2;-*Ö

?@*7/* '&', (864. (13 (), *5)6*8A!) ;/í *(#@" 5)#0%&' &*" ("í #2/:5)% (' *"0;6"* +#6%,98

V11548 45 65*=4*23 8-F E8 P@5D 49815P, 4:@15P, ,E71=45: 65: B8;

+2C@484,* E84,49C68* 4, 89.4*2? 45: (2,* E?115; ,65-5=48:EC;,)

+:;,*+</E,4, +8 C;,; S.-9?@5 B=E*5:9-3, 5 56575D ,;,2,48P8* 4*D S.CD 4.;

,;<9F6.;: J6'-*(;/1. &" */A(8161. 0* &"/A5: ;/* !',-" (' !'(;/1 5)* (#)"* (13 )1 (*/),-" !"8-4

ñ *+ )37-4. ñ /* (% 5&;7)13(*", */ (% 5)6;7'" ñ 571/)>-" )%. 9:A. )1 )*(8-<.

96 )1C>=D U/9,D: ´)63 45 :6,9>*,23 B9?E, +4=; 6,9.B7,ª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, &+0 3282+*;19,, (Wí O*8<;CD G:;CB9*5 ñ !9,24*2?, 43E5D )í), 82B3+8*D O3E5D, )</;, 2000, +. 74. 97 )63 45 657=E, ´)7E, :63 E?+2,;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 102. 98 )63 45 657=E, ´V--815D 8@?;= E5*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 78- 79.





37

(Ö)

=*0%)1>!" (13 1 ;6:)*. (;5í 5)". 61>2'. &1/)# (13 &',, 9:26#71. '(#0*"/' (' 8*-;)* )6'-A,

5)". (812";. 48:. ;7)*/' '$13)1>5' &*" /# (13 % 9:A 8*6!*-AÖ

J1 58")#&" )%. &4&&"/1 )4+' $#B'", &*" 2&6,9* )* 236)# 8*6*0>6"* )13 ñ !34 26*((;. (1-3$, ',+' 5>6'" 2"* ()#+*)".) &38*6,5*, *8í )% 6,9*,

(;5í 5' 74/)1 (*$,.

D13)1361> (;5í 5)* +6<(*)* '$13)1>5'! ="* 7-42* ',+' &#('" )%/ 4B% )%., )* (*--"# )%. &*8/1>.I ), /* 8',.; */*&#)'B' )". &*6!";. ñ !'/ '/42*,

!'/ )13 ;7)*/í 1 /13.. (Ö)

0* 813-< )%/ '"&4/* )%. ñ 91326*7";. 813 (' &*,/' */*((;/1 !*!,Ö99

& ?;B9,D (65*=4*23 8-F) 89.48P84,* 6,9?@59,. G4, E?4*, 45: =

E59@/ 4=D ,-,6=EC;=D CT8* ?11= 3X=. "287;5D ,:45-6,95:+*?S84,* .D ´L*#,84$,1(/ª, ;, 1*F;8* -*, T?9= 4=D, ;, T?;8* 4, 13-*, 45: 2,* ;, -7;84,*

8:25136*+45D E695+4? +8 XCE,4,: M84 )%/ 84-% '2< &" *3)A +:6"#)* 1>!í ',!%5% )%. )6;-*. (13 ',+' 8#6'": )* (1>)6* )%. )* 7135&1(*213-#)*

/* -;: 7'22#6".

R'6*2&"*/4. &" *84-":5* 2"í *3)A/* /* 8*6*-< 5)1/ &*7'/;, 5)%/ 8"#)5* &" *. )#"9' 21361>/"* ñ ;-'2* &6,/*

)í *!6# )%. (86#)5*!

Y;(*)* 813 )* 8,5)'3* ñ &*" 8451!... )* +#/"* 8>621", 1" &4)'. )%. 61(#/)9* 100

G45 657=E, ´& 2,E65P9=Dª101, 5 89.48:EC;5D 2,* 8:-8;*23D ?;49,D

6,9,BCT84,* 4=; ?+T=E= 8>.489*2/ 45: 8E@?;*+= (T5;49? 63B*,, 2,E65P9=D,

?+T=E5 693+.65): 99 )63 45 657=E, ´[9.4,D S.-9?@5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, ++. 38 ñ 39. 100 )63 45 657=E, ´)--C1.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 83.





38

;)5" (' ):/ 2-13)</ (13 (:. ',(*") )". 71>5&'. 9'32#6".

(Ö) J1 -1"84/; H#, )1>)%. (13 &*&<+: )%. (1>6%. )%. 58*/A. /* (816< /í *2*8< +:6,. 2;/"*, &*" (' 2#(8'. 23(/;. /* ',(*" ñ (í '32;/'"* ñ

&*(81>6%.Ö102 +8 +:;B:,+E3 E8 4=; -:;,*287, 45: @.;/.:

J13 &#&13 (;5í 5)* #--* (13 )%. )5;8%. )513(8-;&"* (Ö)

% 7:/A (13 (5*6(4/"&*) %+1>5' ñ % (8A+)6* ñ 23/*,&'"*! 103

!,9?11=1, <8.987 4*D *BC8D 45: ´E695P+28Dª. A5; C9.4? 45: 45; 61/9.+8

E8 4, @,9E?2*, 65: /6*8. 2"* )". "!;'. (13 813 ;+:, )". (861>5&'.

=* '2< 8"#5)%&* 5)13 ;6:)# )%. )%/ 8"#&* (Ö)

&*" ñ*+ ñ 2"* !*>)% (13 845* 8,/: 7*6(#&"*, 104

Z6.D ,;,@C98* 2,* 5 G:E8F; N9. G4,E65:15P, = E59@/ 45:

L,E65P9= 87;,* 45 8;B*?E8+5 +TCB*5 ,63 45; L,9,-2*3S= ECT9* 45; !*89345.

& /9.,D L,E65P9=D ,63 45:D H,!+2@30%*/ CT8* ´4=; X:T5+P;<8+= 8;3D

L,9,-2*3S= 2,* 4=; +:E689*@59? 8;3D 2135:;. L?6548 E?1*+4,, 5 G2,97E6,D

,;,-2?+4=28 ;, 45; :689,+6*+487 ,63 4=; T18P= 45: 689*5B*25P O D>51,

',/105. & L,E65P9=D E84,;,+48P8* .D R5QB?--815D +4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/

65: <, ,2515:</+8*, :68;<:E7S5;4,D 45; 68S5-9,@*23 5E315-5; 45: ,63

4=; 69F4= +:115-/ B*=-=E?4.; 45: (1930). "287 5 R5QB?--815D, 5E3+48-5D

45: 2,684?; N29/, 87;,* C;,D ,+2=E?;<9.65D, +49,R52?;=D, ,1157<.95DÖ 101 )63 45 657=E, ´& 2,E65P9=Dª, +4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 61-62). 102 )63 45 657=E, ´& 2,E65P9=Dª, +4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 61-62). 103 )63 45 657=E, ´& 2,E65P9=Dª, +4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 61-62). 104 )63 45 657=E, ´& 2,E65P9=Dª, +4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 61-62). 105 8@. O P,>0'*#$15, 18 M8R95:,975: 1939





39

65: @,7;5;4,; 6?;4, +,; ;, -C1,8 ñ 2* ,D C21,*8 EC+, 45: = X:T/ 45: - Ö

"7T8 ,;,+25:E6.EC;, 4, R9,2*? 45: .D 4, -3;,4,, Ö @,7;5;4,; 4, 25@489?

43>, 4.; B5;4*F; 45: 2,* 4, T871*, 45:Ö +2*+EC;, .D 4,í ,@4*?Ö A5 R1CEE,

45: 87T8 2?4*Ö ,63 4= R1,287, 45: SF5: 2,* ,63 45: 49?-5:Ö 4=;

=B:6?<8*,.. O9,6C4=D 45: *+459*25P 45: 6897-:95:, 5 *B*34:65D ,:43D

2,9,-2*3S=D B8; B*,<C48* 45 E,29P TC9* 45: 21C@4= ,11? 45; S.FB= @,113

45: R*,+4/.ª106 & R*,+4/D E8 45 ,1/4*25 +47-E, 65: 8;+,92F;8* 4= +4*-E/ 45:

<,;?45: 2,* 4=D -C;;=+=D, 45 4C15D E*,D 2,4?+4,+=D 2,* 4=; ,6,9T/ E*,

?11=D +:;,;4?4,* 2,* +45 <*92 :#,89.

G45 657=E, ´'6,1?;4,ª, 5 ;C5D 69.4,-.;*+4/D ,:456,95:+*?S84,*

.D 3E59@5D, .9,75D 65: <C18* ;, 289B7+8* 315:D 3+5* B8; ,>7S5:; 2,* 3E.D

6?;8 E695+4?: C13 ',(*" :6*,1. )<6* ñ 813 ',(*" *&4(* ñ

/* )13. 8617)#5: *3)1>. (;5í 5)% 5"2A 813 8#/' (' !,+:. 84!"* &"í 4(:. 8*)1>/, (' !,+:. 5)4(*

&"í 4(:. ("-#/'Ö107 KC18* ;, 826,*B8P+8* 45; 8,:43 45: F+48 3;4,D ,-;3D, -8;;,75D, 5E*1=4*23D

;, 29,4/+8* 25;4? 45: 4=; ,-,6=EC;= -:;,72,.

A5 65*=4*23 8-F ,@/;84,* +4, <81/E,4, 4=D -:;,72,D 65: 89.48P4=28.

Z6.D 5 7B*5D ,;,@C98*: &*" (í ',+' 8#6'" 5&-#$1 )%. &*" (í ;+*5' % )*$;6/*

(' +#5*/' &" 1" 7,-1"Ö108

!,95:+*?S84,* ,BP;,E5D ;, B*82B*2/+8* 4, B*2? 45: <C1. 2,* ,:45-4565<84874,* +4= <C+= 45: ´:6=9C4=ª -*, 4=; ,-,6=EC;= 45: 69528*EC;5:

8287;= ;, 689;? 2,1?: =* (í ;(*0' 8<. /* 8')< )13. 84013. (13 ñ (*+*,6"* B%-# &*" /* )* 8"#/: (2"*, )%/ 8-A@% )%. /* &4B'")

106 G. N9. G4,E65:15P, C08./ +0/ 6*728#,-9,/ +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, )</;, 2006, +. 452 - 453. 107 )63 45 657=E, ´'6,1?;4,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 34-36 108 )63 45 657=E, ´H ,-,6=4*2*? E5:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 111.





40

&" */),. (' )% -*$A *3)# /* (1>6+1/)*" 5)* +;6"*, (1>6+1/)*/ (' )%/ &4B%. 109

H ,;B9*2/ E59@/ B=E*5:9-87 5:456*2CD 2,4,+4?+8*D -*, ;, 2,1PX8* 45

28;3 86*25*;.;7,D 65: ;*F<8* E8 ?115 ?45E5: (Ö)&*" 0* ',/*" 5*/ ()4)'/'. 813 (í *2#8*.) 0* 6+4)*/

;/* 26#((* 513 7,-%.

D" *. (% 6+4)*/! P< 0#&*/* 5*/ /#+í ;60'" &*" 5#(8:. )4+: -#$'" &*" (1>26*7'. -42"* ñ &', ñ *2*8%(;/*, &*" ñ 5*/ )4)' ñ 2< 0#26*7* 5)1 *8458'6/1 0#(81.

;/* 26#((* 5' 5;/*.

D" *. (%/ )45)'-/*! F#&*/* 5*/ /* '5> )4+'". -#$'" &"í *8í )* (#)"* 513 &>-%5' 5)% 26*7A )13 ;/* !#&63 ñ &" :. 5&37)A )1 -3+/#6" )%. 4@: % />+)* 0í */#$'",

2< 0* &-*,: 5' ("*/ #&6%Ö110

G8 6;8PE, 65: 695+*B*?S8* +45 657=E, Á5 -9?EE,ª, 2*;874,* =

B8P489= +495@*2/ 8;34=4, 45: 65*/E,45D Á5 S/4=E,ª: J1 9A)%(* !'/ ',/í *3)4. ]>)' 8<. @;6'". /* 5)1-

-,9'". )1 26#((* 513 (í */0"# 813 &-',. ('5í 5)1 26*7)4: @;6'". 4)" (% 26#71/)1 &" 4)" (% 5);-/1/)#. )1 ñ 2"* /* -#$: *!>/*)1 - *!>/*)1 &"í *3)4. 111

H ,;B9*2/ E59@/ +45 657=E, ´L,4=-595:EC;= ñ "-C9<=4*ª

,:45689*-9?@84,* .D 8>/D: E(*/ A53+1. &*" &*/',/ 2< !'/ 8',6*9*. E(*/ 861>(3)1., &*" 2< $>9*"/* +#1.Ö112

A,:47S84,* E8 45 65*=4*23 8-F 2,* 36.D -9?@8* 5 N. !,6,+4?E5D, ´B8;

E65987, ,BP;,E5D 6*, 2,* ,;/E6595D, ;, 4=; 81C->8* 4= S./ 4=D S./D 45:. (,

4=; R?18* ;, 2,<7+8* +45 8BF1*5. (, 4=D 68*, B*2?S5;4?D 4=; 36.D 6511CD

?118D @59CD, ?11548, 4=D C18-8: P,+082#2@'*10 *8.#>0+$!ª113 109 )63 45 657=E, ´H ,-,6=4*2*? E5:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 111. 110 )63 45 657=E, Á5 -9?EE,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D.E., 3.6., +. 85. 111 )63 45 657=E, Á5 S/4=E,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3. 6., +. 37. 112 )63 45 657=E, ´L,4=-595:EC;= ñ "-C9<=4*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 125-126. 113 N*F9-5: !,6,+4?E5:, E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D N*?;;=D W. W,+BC2=D, )</;, 1986, +. 281.





41

G45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª, 45 ,;B9*23 65*=4*23 R97+284,* 6?1* +8

,B:;,E7, ;, 81C->8* 4= S./ 45:, @,;4?S84,* 4= +4*-E/ 65: <, 68<?;8* 2* 5

7B*5D E84? 45 T,E3 4=D ,-,6=EC;=D 45:: F* 5' @'+#5: ;/* *842'(* 813 0#+: ñ ), :6*,*! ñ 8'0#/'" &*" 0#(*" *!"#7161. &" #2/1"*5)1., !,+:. &*6!"# /* 81/',,

!' 0* 03(#(*" )13 )#713 513 )1 (*!%(;/1 2'6#/", (A)' 5)í *-A0'"* 8:. 5í ;+*5* &#81"* $6*!"# 5&1)'"/A.

(Ö)

M--# 861 8#/):/ 0* +*,613(*" (*/ +*,6')í % #B3+% >-%) 4)" 2"* +#6% 513 8;0*/*, &" *. (% )1 ',8* 81);: 114

!95+6,<87 ;, BF+8* ,;<9F6*;= *B*34=4, +8 E7, 25P21,:

W6*,* !"*5&'!#5*(' D36,* 5)1 58,)" (53/;+'"* 5)%. />+)*. )í *(,-%)* (#&6%) (' )1>)í )% -,21/ )" $*((;/% (13 (>)%

5)%/ #&6%.

X2<, (861. 5)1 7,/1 513 *3)4 +*(12;-"1 &"í '5> (861. 5í *3)4 (13 )1 #/*3!1 76>!", 8'6,'621 '8*,@*(' ñ 1" !31 (*. ñ &*" );-'"1

8*"2/,!". (Ö)

=* '2< 5)%. 8/1A. 513 2"* /* 7)#5: )1 (>61, ):/ 81!"</ (13 8*)< ñ 5)1 &'/4 ñ )". (3),)5'. &*" #+ 5)%/ &-:5)A (13 845'. 5)6;7: )6"2>6:

$1-),)5'..

F'; (13 0* &-#B:! G)617;. +:6,. /)#('. ñ (' );9* )* +;6"* (13 ñ (' 57#9'" ("* 9A-'"* 5)1/ *;6* /* 7;6/:, &*" /#+: 8*-#('.

!34 9>-"*Ö115

H ,;B9*2/ E59@/ 45: 65*/E,45D Á9813D;ª T?;84,* +4= <PE=+= 4=D

;829/D 45: ,-,6=EC;=D. C;0*/'! C<. )%/ ;-'2*/ @'+/#:Ö

ñ +#0%&' (*9, )%. % +*6#, )1 7<. (13 ñ116

114 )63 45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 40. 115 )63 45 657=E, Á5 R,1D T.97D ;4?E,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 57-58. 116 )63 45 657=E, Á9813D;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 68





42

G45 657=E, ´%593D +:943Dª, 45 65*=4*23 8-F (+8 69F45 ,9+8;*23

693+.65), E6,7;8* +8 C;, E89,217B*25 T593 65: B=E*5:9-/<=28 ,63

E51PR*,, 23118D 2,* +47T5:D. A, 49,-5PB*, 45 -7;5;4,* 68;*CD 65: ,25P-5;4,*

+8 31= 45: 4=; 631= 2,* ?+69, 6,;*? 2,9,R*5P 2,* -*, ;, 4,>*BCX5:; 6C9,

,63 4=; %,127B,. H 4,P4*+= ,:4/D 4=D ,;B9*2/ E59@/D E8 45; 65*=4/ 87;,*

,:45;3=4=: D#--"1 +16'3)*6#. /#(13/*, 8;6" &4--'. 813 /* &6*)< &*" (1-3$#&"*, 0#5'6/* 536)4 +164 +;6" (' +;6" (í 4-* (*. )13 2"*-1> )* &*6*$#&"*

(Ö)

ñ &" 1" 8;/'. (13 8'/";. 5í ;/* 5*/)1>6", #586* 8*/"# 513 1" &4--'. (13 &*6#$"!

(Ö)

P"*-4 ñ 2"*-4 /* 7'>213(' &*" ñ #/)' ñ (Ö)

4-* (13 )* 26*7)# +,-"* &1((#)"*.

D*" 5*/ +)"5(;/% '&', *84 &"(:-,*, $*0"# /* +#/')*" % \*-&,!* 8;6* (í 4-* (13 ñ */1"2(;/* ñ )* $"$-,*

&*0<. (813-1>&" 2-#61" 5)1/ *;6*Ö117 H ,;B9*2/ E59@/ <C18* ;, 1:49.<87 +45 657=E, ´A5 @*B?2*ª:

D*" !' 0* $6: )1 H"6$*/# -1"84/ 81); )13 ´8#B'ª (;5í 5)%/ )6"<)* )13 /'61>, )%. 2%. &*" )%. 7:)"#.,

8*6# 0* )6;+: ñ !,!3(1. 5732(4. ñ 5)1 ´5$A5' &" #B'ª )%. 7:)'"/A. ñ 813 (1>5&"5' )1 8/;(* ñ 8'-'&"#.; 118

H 1C>= ´(*9R,;?Dª (36.D T9=+*E565*874,* 8BF ,63 45; 65*=4/), 6,9,6CE68*

+4= (*9R?;,, 2,* .D 395D T,9,24=97S8* 4= R5:B*+4*2/ ,6?9;=+= 2?<8

8-23+E*,D 86*<:E7,D, 6,;43D -/*;5:, 2,* 2,4? +:;C68*, 2,* 4=; 8>,@?;*+= 45:

,;<9F65: +45 E=BC;. ";;587 4=; ,651P49.+= ,63 4, B8*;? 4=D S./D 2,* 45:

23+E5:. ):43 65: 86*B*F28* 2,* 45 65*=4*23 8-F.

117 )63 45 657=E, ´%593D +:943Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 70. 118 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 @*B?2*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 74-75.




http://el.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%CE%91%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CF%8D%CF%84%CF%81%CF%89%CF%83%CE%B7&action=edit&redlink=1


43

H ,;B9*2/ E59@/ +45 657=E, ´A5 8*+*4/9*5ª, CT,+8 45 2,9?R* 65:

>827;=+8 45 4,>7B* 45: 2,* 6?8* ,2:RC9;=45. A5 65*=4*23 8-F T?;5;4,D 45

8*+*4/9*5, B8; 2,4?@898 ;, 86*R*R,+487 +45 2,9?R*, 6,9? 45; B*,2,/ 45:

63<5: D*" +:6,. 7<)*. M&3$;6/%)1! D*" 4-1 /* +-"(")6#'" 5)1 +#1.. D" :. 0* &-*,:

ñ &" 4-*. /* B#+/13(*", /* B#+/13(*" 5)1 (<-1 &" 4-1 2"* &',/1 )1 '"5")A6"1 /* -;:Ö119

A5 65*=4*23 8-F E8 3X= R5QB?--815: @,;89F;8* 4=; ,;?-2= 45: -*,

CE6;8:+= 65: 45: B7;8* = '5P+,. [T8* ,;?-2= 45; C9.4, 2,<FD 2,* 4=;

695+@59? 4.; :6=98+*F; 45: +4=; 8218T4/ 45:. X2< !' ñ $1O!#22'-1. &"í '2< ñ 8-%/ ´*/'6#)%.!ªÖ

(5*/ ñ (13 ñ *-'@"&;6*)1 )%. =1>5*., */#2&%, @'/166,+)6*. )13 ;6:)# )%. ñ $1O!#22'--*22"+)A. (13 4)" 1>5*.Ö)

F* 513 í(*" 8-*O 513 5)%. 2%. )". (846'. ñ ñ (' !*>)% )% $1O!*22'-,5"* (13 '"&4/* ñ :. '/ ('51/3&),*". ñ 513 ñ 840í <6*".

5> 0* &*0'>!'". *$1O!#22'-% &*" (4/*Ö120 !,7S8* 9315 +45; 56575 :65BP84,* C;,; 6,1*?4+5. & 2.E*23D 9315D E84,R?1184,* +8 B9,E,4*23:

X,+* ñ 2"* )* 2;-"* ñ ;/* (;61. /* 8*,@: &" A60*, ;/* 64-1 5' ;621 (35)A6"1,

0* (í */#22'-/' ;/* (:. 0#(8*"/í) *8í ;@: +*"6<1 '($*)A6"1.

(Ö) G1$*6#;Ö F* )6*21>!*2*;Ö D" ',+* ñ 5)1 Q,* )í 16&,91(*" ñ ;/* 64-1 8*-"#)513 ñ ,!"1 0#(* Ö Q'/ (1>8*/ 8:. 0#&-*"2*, &" */),. &:(:!,*

0* 8*,@: 5' !6#(*Ö121

119 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 8*+*4/9*5ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., +. 53-54. 120 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D !9F45Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ I2J%=88*32$, 82B3+8*D )7-,-95D, )</;, 1968, +. 11. 121 )63 45 657=E, ´!9315-5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E. (3.6., +. 13) 2,* H,!+2@30%*/ (82B34=D ). ',:97B=D, )</;, 1950, +. 5).





44

/ I=AH8 <=B H?9=B :53 <EL >5AJ5L: A5 65*=4*23 8-F 693B.+8 4=; C;;5*, 4=D @*17,D ,@5P >813-*,+8 4=

-:;,72, 45: @715: 45:: J" /* )13 8:; J%/ ),("* 23/*,&* )13 ñ ), 76,&%! ñ '2< )13 )%/ @'-42"*5*. D*" )4(*0'! C61+);.

(' )". &13$;/)'. 864$*)*, (* (' )% ;//1"* ->&1", 1" 7,-1" )13 )1/ &#67:5*/ +)384/)*. )13 (8%+);..122

!,9? 4=; 695B5+7, 65: B*C69,>8, 8;45P45*D +:;8T7S8*:

D" A60'! [1"84/; J" &*6)'6',; J13-#O5)1 !' (' 7)>/'" /* $2#-'" *3)4. )1 #+)" )13 &"í '2< #--% ("* 716# /* &3-"5)< 5)1 $1>6&1 (13, 7:/#91/)*. 2"* &',/% 123

)65B87T;8* 3E.D 34* CT8* +:;,7+<=E, 2,* +:115-7S84,* 45; 63;5 45:

@715: 45: 2,* 7+.D ,:43 ;, B*2,*515-87 4=; 481*2/ +:-TF98+= ,63 45; @715

45:: =* !' ("-#'". D*" 8#5+'" /*" ñ )1 *"5)#/1(*". =' 57#9'" % 8-%2:(;/% )13 5":8AÖ M+ &-*,: ñ &*" /*, ("-',! J6;+'", (í *68# &*" (' 2-3&'"# 7:/A 813 *2#8% 5)#9'":

´..(% (13 8"&6*,/'5*"!..ª (13 -;'" 5"2# &*" (' 7"-',Ö124

G45 657=E, ´&* @715*ª +=E8*F;84,* 45 ?6*,+45 4=D -;.9*E7,D 4.;

,;<9F6.;. A5 6/-,*;8 ñ C1, 6511F; 695+F6.; +4= S./ E,D. S8:. )* 5>2/'7* ;6%(* 5)1 !',-", )* $13/# $13$# 5)%/ *)(157*,6*, 48:. *(,-%)1" 8#/' (13 1" 7,-1"

5)1/ *;6*Ö125

M*178D 65: >82*;?;8 2,* -*, B*?@595:D 13-5:D T?;84,* ,9-3489, =

86,@/ 4.; ,;<9F6.;. &* @71*8D 8>,;8E7S5;4,*:

122 )63 45 657=E, ´& @715Dª. O=E5+*8:EC;5 +4=; 8@=E897B, C#22%*!+$45 H@"2$, 4.T. 83, 17/7/1976 2,* 10/12/1981. A5 657=E, B=E5+*8P84,* 2,* E8 45; 47415 ´",:43; 4*E.95PE8;5Dª +45 2:69*,23 689*5B*23 C=-2/, 4.T. Wí, 1936, ++. 126 ñ 127. 123 )63 45 657=E, ´& @715Dª. O=E5+*8:EC;5 +4=; 8@=E897B, C#22%*!+$45 H@"2$, 4.T. 83, 17/7/1976 2,* 10/12/1981. A5 657=E, B=E5+*8P84,* 2,* E8 45; 47415 ´",:43; 4*E.95PE8;5Dª +45 2:69*,23 689*5B*23 C=-2/, 4.T. Wí, 1936, ++. 126 ñ 127. 124 )63 45 657=E, ´& @715Dª. O=E5+*8:EC;5 +4=; 8@=E897B, C#22%*!+$45 H@"2$, 4.T. 83, 17/7/1976 2,* 10/12/1981. A5 657=E, B=E5+*8P84,* 2,* E8 45; 47415 ´",:43; 4*E.95PE8;5Dª +45 2:69*,23 689*5B*23 C=-2/, 4.T. Wí, 1936, ++. 126 ñ 127. 125 !57=E, ´&* @715*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 43).





45

#8"*5)1" 1" 2/:6"(,'. (13 */;(1" &" 1" */06<81".126

&* @715* 2:9*,9T5P; +45:D +47T5:D +,; 693+.6, ,;,E;/+8.;. !*5

2?4. R1C65:E8 4= @*1*2/ @:+*5-;.E7, ;, ,11?S8* 695D 45 ,9;=4*23: J*@,!'3*/ ('2#-* )* &*6#$"*

5)* -42"* (13 ñ 5)1 /13 (13 1" )481" ñ 5)% $6*!"/A (' )6#$*2*/ */)*>2'"*

&*"/1>62"1" */06<81".

D*" ñ 86#2(* (;2* ñ 1" +*6;. (13, 1" )64(1" !'/ -;2*/ ),81)*! G)1 !',-", 1" 8*-"1, !'/ (,-%2*/ 1" !64(1"

1>)' 1" 7,-1"!127 &* @715* 6,95:+*?S5;4,* ;, 87;,* ,E71=45* 2,* E5;?T5*, +8 E*, 65987,

S./D +,; C9=E, +P;;8@, / +,; R5:R? R5:;?. !,9?11=1, :65;5E8P84,* =

@*17, 4.; ,;<9F6.;: S/'"61 A)*/, A)*/ 8-#/% )1 8<.

91>(', 7)#/'" % 9:A (*. 7,-13. /#+'", +<6"* A */)#(* 8#(', 48:.

&*" (1/#+1".128

G8 ?115 P@5D ,63 45:D 6,9,6?;. +47T5:D, 689*-9?@5;4,* 5* 2,1CD

+4*-ECD 4=D 6,9C,D, 4, 29,+5634=9,, = 2,1/ B*?<8+= 45 6,*T;7B* 45: @1894

+:E6:2;.EC;, +45:D +47T5:D 45: 65*/E,45D ´H 6,9C,ª. H ´+:E65+*,+4/Dª

65*=4/D ´CT8* 2,* );,2983;48*8D 4?+8*D, 4, 4,R89;?2*, 4=D %,127B,D 2* 5*

6,9C8D 45; >C95:; 2,1?, E*, S./ 6C9,+8 ,;?E8+, +í C;, 654/9* 29,+7 2,* 4*D

S8+4CD @*178D -P9*S8; 5 2,*93D 2* 5 4365D +4= S./ 45:. (Ö) ',D B7;8* 45 T:E3

,:4/D 4=D S./D +4, @4.T? 4,R89;?2*, 365: = ,-?6= @4895P-,8 +,

T81*B3;,, 5 C9.4,D E*15P+8 E8 4= @.;/ 4=D ,=B3;,D 2* = ,61/ T,9?, /4,; =

68E645:+7, 45: @4.T*25P, ,11? 43+5 ,;<9F6*;5: ,:45P +:E65+75:.ª129

W6*,* 7,-', A)*/ :6*,*

126 !57=E, ´&* @715*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 43). 127 )63 45 657=E, ´O8+EF4=Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 41 ñ 42. 128 !57=E, ´&* @715*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 43). 129 !?;5: (. !,;,-*.45P;= F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/. K $%,38(/ +0/ R,349%,/. "4,*97, 811=;*25P R*R175:, )</;, 1986, +. 25.





46

48:. )* -;2*(' &*" 48:. ('5í 5)1 &6*5, &*" )%/ 8*6;* 2>6"9'/ 1 &*"64. &"í 1 )481.

(Ö)

)* (#)"* )%. :. (*. &3)#9*/ :. (*. ('01>5' % o(167"# )%..130

'CMCBI= >98D=L: & G2,97E6,D E*1? -*, ,;<9F65:D =44=EC;5:D 2,* B8*15PD 5* 56575* 45

R?S5:; +4, 63B*, +,; 693R,4,: ]" #/06:81" ',+*/ %))%0',

(Ö) ñ *3)1, 7'>2*/ 5*/ )* 864$*)*

(Ö) ^))%(;/1" &*" !'"-1,

(1" 86"/ #)61(1") )1/ 5:5)4 í+*/ '>6'" !64(1Ö131

N9?@5;4,D -*, 45:D 6*5 6?;. +47T5:D, 5 K. %,4S365:15D +=E87.+8 4,

8>/D: ´H 25*;/ <17X= 87;,* = 2,<=E89*;/ <17X= 31.; E,D. ^+.D -*í ,:43 5

G2,97E6,D +4, 65*/E,4? 45: B8; 4=; 8-2,4,18768* .D 45 4C15D ´1:-E3(D)

,257E=45(D) 45: 23+E5:. !5*/E,4, 36.D ´& B93E5Dª, ´A Masqueª, 86,;C9T5;4,* +4=; 25*;/ <17X=.ª132

G45 657=E, ´& Wí 6,-23+E*5Dª, 45 65*=4*23 8-F T9=+*E565*F;4,D 45 61/<5D 4=D )--1*2/D (,:,9T7B,D 2,* 4=; 8>5:+7, 4=D N,117,D (,6í 365:

>827;=+,; 2,* 5* ,9TCD 45: :68998,1*+E5P 2,* ,61F<=2,; +4=; ":9F6=)

,;,@C984,* 2,* -7;84,* 2:;*23D ,6C;,;4* +45:D 82695+F65:D 45:

:68998,1*+E5P: M/ A(13/ !31 58,6)* (' C,-1 8#/: 5' ("* )'/):(;/% &-:5)A, &" */ ñ *81&', ñ 5' 1/'"6'>1(*/:

("*/ *($-',* (*5),2":/

130 )63 45 657=E, ´H 6,9C,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 119 131 )63 45 657=E, ´& B93E5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 137). 132 K. %,4S365:15D: ´H 15>/ +5@7, 2,* = 25*;/ <17X=ª, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007.





47

(5*/ !31 76>!"* )13 +#13.),

0* 5' ´)5,(8*2*ª ñ ;/)1(1 '6)9"*/4 ñ

&*" 0* 5í ;8*"6/* 5)% +161'58'6,!* 813 !40%&' 5)%/ M22-"&A H*3*6+,!*

(5)* !31 ñ /#513/ (;-"55*; ñ 0* 5' +<6"9' % (;5% 513).

(Ö)

J%/ J"(A )%. ['2'</1.: ñ Mllons enfants &*" 8#-8*8#****!

ñ C61-111151+A! ^ M3)1> Q%(1&6*)"&A X@1+4)%. J13 1 C6'5$'3)A. )%. P*--,*.!...133

Z6.D ,;C@898 2,* 5 G:E8F; G4,E65:15P, ´G45:D G6,1+*/ E+9;2!/ (1970) 5 G2,97E6,D 8;4?++8* 45 ´?+48-5ª .D 4348 657=E, ´& Wí

!,-23+E*5Dª +8 :68998,17S5; ñ 8;*+T:4*23; 45: +,92,+E5P ñ P@5D. A5

657=E,, ,11=1C--:5 4=D C*#$6(32! Bí, 6,9.B87 2,* 2,4,--C118* 4=; 9,+4F;=

2,* 4=; ,+P--;.+4= 15-*2/ 45: !9.4523115: 65: 8457E,+8 45; 6318E5.ª134

G45 657=E, ´H 49?4,ª, 45 65*=4*23 8-F 8;+.E,4F;8* 45; 8,:43 45:

+45 69F45 61=<:;4*23 693+.65, 2,* ,:45-8;4?++84,* +4=; 2,4=-597, 4.;

,;<9F6.; 65: ,;,9.4*5P;4,* -*, 45 ´;.97Dª / ´,9-?ª 45: T93;5:. P6A216* 7)#5*(' -1"84/ A *62A5*('; D*" ,!"* 8<. &#(B*(' )%. +,(*"6*. (*9, )1 *&6:)A6"1; Q<0'. '6+4/)*. 8A6*(' &*6!"#, (*)";. &*" 76>!"* ñ 8'6,'621 2"*), &*6!"#, 2"*), (*)";. (35)A6"1!

(Ö)

5*/ /* ñ ), :6*,* ñ $6'0A&*(' (' 61>+* &*" (' 8,-13., 5*/ /* ñ 81"1. @;6'" ñ ), +635# +16'>13(' (' )64813.Ö

(Ö) ñ 23(/1, '(',.!... 1" (#/'. (*., 2"* "!;. )'. &', ñ *0<'. ñ ',/*" 5*/ !' (*. 2;//%5*/ ("&61>. &13)1>. 8"0A&13.!135

133 !57=E, ´& Wí !,-23+E*5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 128. 134 G:E8F; N9. G4,E65:15P, C08./ +0/ 6*728#,-9,/ +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, )</;,, 2006, +. 464. 135 )63 45 657=E, ´H 49?4,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 80-81.





48

H 8;+.E?4.+= 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F +8 ,;F;:E5 61/<5D ,;<9F6.;

-7;84,* 2,* +45 657=E, ´H O8+65*;7D J. !.ª, <,:E?S5;4,D E*, -:;,*287, 3X=

E8 @3;45 4, ,;,EEC;, @F4, 45: R,659*5P 45 R9?B: 2,* 4=; 631= 4=D

%,127B,D ;, 25*E?4,* +4, +2548*;?. Q'581"/,., !'581"/,.

'+*6A&*(' 81-> 2"* 5*. ñ ): 4/)" ñ (861. 5)%. 84-':. )* 7<)* ´)%/ )"(A/ª

4)*/ -#$*(' '&',,

&"í :. )1 $-;((* 5*. ñ 5*Z)* ñ &*" )1 !4/)" (*. ')6#$*', '(',.

5' &3))1>5*(' 0-"((;/1", 5":8%-1, &*" 2-3&1,.

(Ö)

&*" (*. 8645('/' (' 7<)* */*7)# )1 $*846".

(Ö)

&*" &1"(4)*/ 5)%. />+)*. )* $>0"* % \*-&,!* 5$%5)# (Ö)136

H ,;:6,9>7, 45: 61/<5:D: 45 65*=4*23 8-F ,;,S=4? ,;<9F65:D 65:

<, 45; R5=</+5:; ;, 86*48P>8* 45 +43T5 45:Y ;, 86*R*R,+487 +8 2?65*5 61575.

&* +P;495@5* 2,* 5* R,92,9C5* B8; 87;,* 8287 +45 E315 4F9, 65: 45:D

T98*?S84,*, 45 2,9?R* @8P-8* 2,* 4,>*B8P8* ,2:RC9;=45 2,* T.97D ,;<9F65:D: D" '2< /* B#+/13(*" '!:+#(:. D*" 4-1 ñ 4-1 Ö)1 Ö X_G_J^`_] /* -;: 53/)6471" :6*,1"!... D*" /* (%/ ;6+')*" ("* $#6&* ;:. )1 (<-1, /* (%/ 7*"/</)*" 8130'/# 1" $*6&*6;1"Ö

(Ö) V !"#1-'!... S-* /#+13/ +*0', &*" /#+13/ 8#'" &" 1" */06<81" !6*8')'>5'" *84 )13. )4813., &" *3)4 )1 8-1,1 /* )6*$#'" &*" /* )6*$#'" +:6,. (%+*/"&1>., +:6,. */06<813.Ö137

G45 ,;F;:E5 61/<5D 8,:45P1=B.; 45 65*=4*23 8-F 4565<84874,* +4=

<C+= 45: ,9T=-5P ,:4F;. & <*,+?9T=D ñ É,*49 4=D %,127B,Dª, ,651,ER?;8*

45:D /9.8D 4.; C9-.; 45: +8 É*, 189/ +:;5B87, 8,:45P1=B.;ª. 136 )63 45 657=E, ´H O8+65*;7D J. !.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 46-47. 137 )63 45 657=E, Á5 8*+*4/9*5ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., +. 53-54.





49

W. */>818)1. &#01(*/ A60*/ 4-* ("í */)#6* 1" A6:;. (13 &"í 1" 5),+1" (13 ñ 7"46* (13 4-* 8-*)>73--*

&#0' ("* )%. 9:A. (13 A)*/ ñ &', ñ 5)6*$1(#6* &#0' 2&#7* (13 % )>7--*Ö138

V;<9.65* RCR,*5* 2,* ,;P65645* -*, 4=; ,;4*@,4*234=4, 45: @,7;8+<,*

2,* 45: 87;,* 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F, 6,95:+*?S5;4,* 4, 693+.6, +45 657=E, Á-'asqueª139: ;5E7S5:; 34* 49F8*, ;5E7S5:; 34* B*,R?S8* 8;F 45 65*=4*23 8-F

,63 693+.65 Rí 8;*25P E*1? +45; 8,:43 45: -*, 45; 49365 65:

+:E689*@C984,*. A5 65*=4*23 8-F E5*?S8* ;, 6,7S8* C;, 6,*T;7B* E8 45; 23+E5

65: ñ 2,4? 4=; ?65X/ 45: ñ 45; 6,9,2515:<87. (Ö)

M246*5'. ("* '7%('6,!* &" ;&*/'. 8:. !"#$*9'. ]>!' 3818)'>15*/ &#/ 4)" 5; $-;8*/ ), &#/'".:

]" #--1", *3)1, 813 !' 5; í@;6*/ (&*" 813 '5> A5*/ (#5&*Ö)

;-'2*/ 4)" *246*5'. ("* '7%('6,!* &*" !"#$*9'.Ö

a5)'6*,

(8A&'. 5í ;/* 6'5):6#/ &" ;&*/'. 8:. ;)6:2'.. 7*,/15*/ */),5&*5)1. ñ ´/* ',5*"ª

(Ö) M/ 5í *6<)*2*/ 0#)*/ 5*/ /* $-;8*/ 5' &#)18)6* M/ 5í *6<)*2*/ 0#)*/ 5*/ /* 6<)*2*/ ("* (#5&*

V5)' 2"*), /* 5í *6<)*2*/; 140

& 65*=4/D @59?8* 45 695+.6875 ñ 4= E?+2, ñ 45: 69.4,-.;*+4/Y

E84,R?118* 45; 8,:43 45: ,63 4,:4*+EC;5 E8 45 alter ego 45: +8

,65+4,+*565*=EC;5. =*, 1 '5)"#)16*. A@'6' 8:. 381&6,/15*/. P" *3)4. P" *3)4 !'/ 513 )48', 2"*), !'/ )13 )48'. &*" 5> ñ !'/ )1>8'. 4)" 381&6,/')*" 1 &>6"1.Ö141

138 )63 45 657=E, ´G4?B*5; B3>=Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., +. 87-88. 139 )63 45 657=E, Á-masqueª. !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 138-139. 140 )63 45 657=E, Á-masqueª. !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 138-139. 141 )63 45 657=E, Á-masqueª. !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 138-139.





50

G45 6,*T;7B* 45: 29:@5P :6?9T8* 2?65*5D 65: -;.97S8* -*, 4=; 29:@/

,1/<8*, 45: 69.4,-.;*+4/: =*, 1 '5)"#)16*. A@'6' 8:. 381&6,/15*/. P" *3)4. 142

G4=; 69,-E,4*234=4, 3E.D 5 69.4,-.;*+4/D 45: 65*/E,45D, 67+.

,63 315 ,:43 45 6,*T;7B* 45: 29:@45P 4,:47S84,* E8 45; 65*=4/: T732'., (' ("* (#5&* 5)* (1>)6* 513

N2A&'. *84 )%/ 846)* */</3(1. &*" 86#1. D*" 8A6'. )13. !64(13.

J, :6*,1 )1 8'6"5)*)"&4 ("*. *2/4%5%.Ö ("*. */38*6@,*. 5)13. #--13.Ö

(D" '2<, !' (,-%5* ñ 5<8*"/*). 143

(@:AG >A;47>5: G45 657=E, ´H17,D N. G2,97E6,Dª, 5* +47T5* -9?@4=2,; -*, 45 ;8293

69.4,-.;*+4/ 45: 65*/E,45D 2,* -*5 45: 65*=4/: D" '2< /'&6A )%/ >8*6@A 513 )%/ '861$4!*2* 5)1/ <(1

2"* )1 )*@,!" )%. *$>5513Ö144

A5 65*=4*23 8-F ,:456,95:+*?S84,* .D ;8293D: D"í 4-1 )6*$#'"Ö )6*$#'" (*&6"#Ö. 5*/ A-"1" (13

&*" 5*/ 7:)4. 81)#(" ñ% 53/1!',*Ö. 2*(864 ;-* )<6* 7,-"' (' 5)* +',-% (13, (' 6>9" ;-* (13 6#/' )%/ &%!',*Ö145

A5 E:,13 45: 65*=4/ ,;,49CT8* +8 693+.6, 4.; 5657.; = <PE=+=

B=E*5:9-87 E81,-T517, 2,* 6729,, 6,931= 4=; 2,1/ B*?<8+= 65:

B=E*5:9-/<=28 +4, 4,R89;?2* E8 @715:D 2,* -:;,*287, +:;495@*?. &* +47T5*

6,9,6CE65:; +4= E59@/ 4=D ,-,6=EC;=D 45: -:;,72,D 65: C@:-8 ;.97D

,63 4= S./: 142 )63 45 657=E, ´A-masqueª. !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 138-139. 143 )63 45 657=E, ´A-masqueª. !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 138-139. 144 )63 45 657=E, ´H17,D N. G2,97E6,Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 37. 145 )63 45 657=E, ´"ER,4/9*5 -,E/1*5Öª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 121.





51

(Ö) =* '2< 7*6(#&" ;8"/*, 5&;7)1/)*. '/)4. (13, *3)A/ 813 5*/ +'-"!1/#&"

@'7)1>6"5' *8í )1 7:. )13 &45(13Ö146

);,@59? +4= ;829/ 45: ,-,6=EC;=: !' 0* 03(#(*" )13 )#713 513 )1 (*!%(;/1 2'6#/",

(A)' 5)í *-A0'"* 8:. 5í ;+*5* &#81"* $6*!"# 5&1)'"/A.147

(829/ E59@/ 87;,* 2,* = <=1:2/ P6,9>= -*, 4=; 5657, -9?@4=28 45

657=E, ´M*-*C44, N. !;8:E,4*25Pª E84? 45; <?;,43 4=D: D" ;732' ñ #+! C1"1. @;6'" 81> )%. 71>5)*. )%., *6"#, )1/ 2>61 3B</'" &*" 8*)', ñ D36,* )%. H>+)*. 86<)% ñ &*" (4/1 *7A&' !< &" '&',, 5*/ ("* 5'"6# &'6"#,

)* 7:)'"/# ):/ )*&13/"</ )%. +/#6"* (;5í 5)* 5&4)%Ö148

)@N:8 ñ 566@93:8 :53 K35O=93:8 3K3;<E<5: ´)63 4= E*, 87;,* 2$ =88*32$ 2,* ,63 4=; ?11= *'*9/. &* 69F45* 87;,*

A#,92$, 8E87D 87E,+48 ;21%#2'2@+&2!1, 6,$%$=, / =88*32$ "($%, (Ö) /

"2J%=88*32$. "287;5* 87;,* %2@32$ 6$&+29, 8E87D ,1+=#+*/. (Ö) "E87D, '* 4.#,+,

4,$ 2!#=, 87E,+48 @:+*2? 5* +4,+*?+,;48D 2,* 6864.2348D ?--815*, 5*

,1+=#+*/, 65: 3E.D B*,4=95P; 4, A#,9, -+*#=.ª149 G)%/ #2"* +;6* )13 D36,13 ñ 136#/"* $;-% ñ

("* 53/1!',* '@*,5"* &*" 7)'6:)A 8')#/ &*" 8#/í *6#!* :6*,1" 1" *22;-1", !1>-1" @"713-&%(;/1" &*" 8"5)1,.

S(:. */)#6)'. ('". ñ :. 86"/ &164O!* ñ

2&6138 +1/!61(1>)513/:/ 8*"!"</ (' :6*,* 7)'6#, *6#!* 8#(' &" ',(*5)' 4-1" *22;-1" $4O!*, $1O!#22'-1" ',(*5)' (' &;6*)* &*" 136#. 150

146 )63 45 657=E, ´H 6,9C,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 119. 147 )63 45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 40. 148 )63 45 657=E, ´M*-*C44, N. !;8:E,4*25Pª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E. , 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 19. 149 `. ). L5231=D: ´G2,9*E6*2? 1: 6897 [W5QB],--C1.; 2,* ,-7.;ª, 689. )$4#2-$32328$4=, 4.T. 1, (1997), 24-27. 150 ´!9315-5Dª 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., +. 91.





52

A5 S/4=E, 4=D <9=+287,D 69,-E,48P4=28 ,9284CD @59CD 5 65*=4/D,

2?4* -*, 45 56575 2,4=-59/<=28: )%. D36"*&A. )1 @>8/%(* (' -'"</'" (' )6'--*,/'"

- /í *--#913/' 1" &18'-";. &"í 1 ?2"1. /* 5%(*,/'"!151

I+43+5 = +2,9*E6*2/ @9?+= +8 +:;C;48:>= 45: 65*=4/ ´C(&2 =>*2/

*9',$ <*. '2!!ª, B7;8* ,63 E3;= 4=D ,9284CD ,6,;4/+8*DÖ G8 ,;?15-5 217E,

2*;874,* 2,* = <8E,4515-7, 45: 65*/E,45D T+$ %.2',$ &2!: D>6"', ',(í ;/*. #0'1.! D*" ',(*" *!'674.

)13 +*6)18*,+)%, )13 (8'&6A. D*" 5#6&* ;+: &*" *,(*. D" 48:. '+<6"5'. '5> )* 5&4)% *84 )1 7:.

;)5" +:6,9: &" *2*8< ñ *8í )1 5:5)4 ñ )1 B;(*.

J1 &6,(* 0;-:! X,/í 4(167% % *(*6),*. C1->, '5> (' 0;-%5'. *2/4/ ñ !'/ ',(*", 1" #--1", 1" #--1",

1" '&8'5(;/1", *(*6):-1,, 1" (1>621" ñ &"í ',/í 81--1, ñ ), )#+* -'/; D"í ',/*" *!'671,! J, @;613/; D"í ',/í ('2#-1"!

D*" ',(*", D>6"', #0'1.. D*" )1 &*&4 *2*8<.

D"í '(; (í *6;5'" % 9*$1-"#, % 23/*,&* )13 &1/)# (13, )451, 813 *&4(* )1 71/"# ñ */#2&% /* )1 8:;ñ

)1/ ;+'". &#('" 4(1"1/ (13 &"í 15)4 *8í )* 15)# (13.

D" ',(í #0'1.! D*6!,*. 5> 813 ')#9'". &*" /'761>., 8645'+': *2*8< 81-> )* ´8-A0% *(*6)"</ (13ª. G> 813 /'7;-*. */"5)#. &*" @*/*9',. /'&61>.,

ñ 5)í #/0"5(* ',(*" ):/ 8*0</ ñ )* *,5+% 8-A03/4/ (13!... 152

A=; !,;,-7, 86*2,1874,* 45 65*=4*23 8-F -*, ;, 695+4,4CX8* 4=;

,-,6=EC;= 45: 8;F ,:4/ <, 25*E?4,*: J4)' 1 >8/1., )1 +;6" 513 0#60'" '&',, 5":8%-#,

/* 513 8"# - 5)1 &6'$#)" 513 ñ /* 513 8"#5'" *8*-#, &" *62364 8# 5)1 5)A01. 513 0* 5)1 $#-'" (' ("#.,

5*/ &*("#. C*/*2"#.!...153 151 );,@59? 4.; +47T.; +45 R*R175 45: N*?;;= G2,97E6, E6,724*-,3$./ &+21 K!#,1(, (82B3+8*D N9,EE/, )</;, 1979, +. 77). !9328*4,* -*, 45 287E8;5 65: C-9,X8, ´& G568;?5:89 2,* = -?4, E5:ª 45 56575 +:E689*1/@<=28 +8 ,:4/ 4=; C2B5+=. "67+=D 45 4849?+4*T5 ,;,@C984,* +45 7B*5 R*R175 +4= +817B, 112. 152 !57=E, ´[4* BC5E,* +5:ª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 29.





53

A=; *B*34=4, 45: ,--81*25P R1C65:E8 +45:D +47T5:D 45: 65*/E,45D

´':9*,+4895P+,ª154: M22'-"&A :. 0* >B:/' )1 +;6" )%. /* '3-42*

A5 3;5E, ´)--C1.ª @C98* = ,-,6=EC;= -:;,72, +45 5EF;:E5 657=E,.

); 2,* = 8>.489*2/ 4=D 8E@?;*+= 87;,* ,:4/ 4=D -:;,72,D 8;3D T.9*5P,

B5:18P8* +8 T?;*, E8 2348D, 87;,* T5;49/, 5 89.48:EC;5D 69.4,-.;*+4/D

(65*=4*23 8-F) 4=; ,652,187 T.9*?4,, 8;45P45*D, 45 3;5E, 4=D 695+*B*?S8*

+45; 49365 E8 45; 56575 4=; R1C68* EC+, ,63 4, 95S -:,1*? 45: 2,* 4=

95E,;4*2/ 45: B*?<8+=. O8; 4,:47S84,* 45 3;5E, ,:4/D 4=D -:;,72,D ()--C1.)

E8 4*D ,--81*2CD *B*34=48D 65: @C95:; ?118D -:;,*2878D E59@CD +4=;

+2,9*E6*2/ 657=+=, 6.T. = -:;,72, 39,E,. "BF = ,--81*2/ *B*34=4, 87;,*

+:;:@,+EC;= E8 45 +45*T875 45: C9.4, 65: <51F;8* 4=; 297+=: M84 )%/ 84-% '2< &" *3)A +:6"#)* 1>!í ',!%5% )%. )6;-*. (13 ',+' 8#6'": )* (1>)6* )%. )* 7135&1(*213-#)*

/* -;: 7'22#6".

R'6*2&"*/4. &" *84-":5* 2"í *3)A/* /* 8*6*-< 5)1/ &*7'/;, 5)%/ 8"#)5* &" *. )#"9' 21361>/"* ñ ;-'2* &6,/*

)í *!6# )%. (86#)5*!155 G45 7B*5 657=E, -7;84,* 86721=+= +4=; !,;,-7,:

V Q;581"/* ):/ G)1+*5(</ (13, /;*, ,!"1 )1 @>-1 ñ *"</"* ñ &*" 1" /',-'..

=#/)9* A \*-&,!*, M22;-: A Q13-)5"/;* í26#7')í *--A-'.. 156

);?15-5: P@5:D 87;,* 4, ,;C2B54, ñ 69.4318*, 65*/E,4, ´V-*,

W,9R?9,ª157:

153 !57=E, ´L5*E.EC;=ª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 45. 154 )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71). 155 )63 45 657=E, ´)--C1.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 83. 156 )63 45 657=E, ´)--C1.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 83. 157 ".J.$.)., ,9T8*,23 :1*23 N. G2., @?2815D ´!9.4318*, 65*/E,4, 45: G2,97E6, (T@, / B@,, ,9*<E=EC;, 1-11)ª, ,9. 7.1 2,* 7.2, (695C18:+= ,9T875: G6. L5227;=D).





54

G)% C*/*2"# /í #2"* N*6$#6* ;+: )#@'" -)% +#6% 8615&3/< )%. % 7):+'"#- )1 /37"&4 (13 81>/*" 4-1 *84 (')#@"

&*" 716):(;/1 *84 5'"6A)"* &*" 7-:6"#.

=* &*" 5)% +#6% )%. 0* 8#13 )1 &*-1&*,6" -/* (í *@"<5'" 7;)1 8-"1 % 0*((*)1362A- /í */358*5)< )b *5%(:(;/1 )%. )1 +;6"

&*" /* )%. &#(: '//"# (')#/1"'. :. )% P%. 158 "67+=D E8 45; 7B*5 47415:

?2"* N*6$#6* B3+15<5)6* *5%(1+;6* 45'. B3+1>-'. '3'62;)%5'. '5>,

&#0' $6*!#&" 4)*/ 5$;/'" *62# % (;6* 21621!"*$*,/13/' ñ $61+1>-* 1-1+635A159

H ,--81*2/ E59@/ T9=+*E565*874,* .D E5;4C15 4=D *B,;*2/D 5E59@*?D

2,* ;8,9/D =1*27,D. G45 657=E, ´V--815D 8@?;= E5*ª, = ,--81*2/ *B*34=4, 4=D

-:;,72,D +:;BC84,* E8 4=; ,;4*28*E8;*2/ 8>.489*2/ 4=D 3X=: 87;,* ,*<C9*,: ?@*7/* '&', (864. (13 (), *5)6*8A!) ;/í *(#@" 5)#0%&' &*" ("í #2/:5)% (' *"0;6"* +#6%,

)<62"13 )%. 81!423613 5A&:5' ñ (% 5)#@'"! ñ ("í #&6%, &" >B:5í ñ 4/'"61 ñ 5)1 8'/)#- 81!#6".

C#)%5' &*" &#0%5' (;5*0' 4-% 6;($%

&*" 5*/ (813 )1 B#6'B' !,+)3) #5861 - '7<)* &#): *84 )1 $;-1 )%.Ö D" ;732' :. ',+í ;($'" ñ 84!", *(#@", 4/'"61 ñ (;5í 5)* 86<)* 7<)*Ö160

);<9F6*;= B*?+4,+= 695+B7B84,* +8 2,9?R* +45 657=E, ´L,* ?@8D

8E5Pª. !,9?11=1, 45 2,9?R* ,;4*E84.67S84,* .D @P1,2,D ?--815D 45:

65*=4*25P 8-F: (Ö) )* 7<)* 513 ñ :. #22'-13. 7>-*&'. ñ

(Ö)

158 ".J.$.)., ,9T8*,23 :1*23 N. G2., @?2815D ´!9.4318*, 65*/E,4, 45: G2,97E6, (T@, / B@,, ,9*<E=EC;, 1-11)ª, ,9. 7.1 2,* 7.2, (695C18:+= ,9T875: G6. L5227;=D). 159 ".J.$.)., ,9T8*,23 :1*23 N. G2., @?2815D ´!9.4318*, 65*/E,4, 45: G2,97E6, (T@, / B@,, ,9*<E=EC;, 1-11)ª, ,9. 7.1 2,* 7.2, (695C18:+= ,9T875: G6. L5227;=D). 160 )63 45 657=E, ´V--815D 8@?;= E5*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 78-79.





55

G)%. />5)*. (13 7;22' (13 ñ B%-# ñ )% ('2#-% (13 *3)A -"(/10#-*55* < 8-1,1 (13, G> /#5*" (13 1 ?22'-1. &" '2< )1 &'7#-" 5)í 1-#/1"+)1 /* 2',6: $"$-,1 (13Ö161

´!?;,D 89.4*23Dª -7;84,* 45 65*=4*23 8-F -*, 4= E59@/ E7,D 3E59@=D

689,+4*2/D 2,* ?-;.+4=D -:;,72,D. H 3X= 8287;=D ñ ,*<C9*, ñ 6952,187 45; 69.4,-.;*+4/ ;, 4=; <,:E?+8* 2, ;, :E;/+8* 4=; 5E59@*? 4=D. & ,:45-695+B*59*+E3D ´!?;,Dª162 65: ,;,@C98* 45 65*=4*23 8-F 6,9,6CE68* +45;

,9T,75 !?;,, 45; <83 4=D +8>5:,1*2/D 86*<:E7,D, E8 E59@/ 2,4+*27+*, (E8

2C9,4, 2,* 6:2;3 497T.E,) 65: ,654C18+8 4= 695B95E*2/ E59@/ 45:

".+@395:. & EP<5D 1C8* 34* 5 49,-563B,95D !?;,D 2,E?9.;8 -*, 4=

E5:+*2/ 65: CR-,S8 E8 4= @15-C9, 45:. !,9,<C4. 4=; 4818:4,7, +495@*2/

8;34=4, ,63 45 657=E, ´H ?-;.+4=ª: &" *3)A ñ )1 /"<0: /*" ñ 813 */ A0'-', (' ("#., )1/ $#6$*64 (13 '*3)4 2-3&# 0#+' %('6<5'".

J<6*; J<6* 5)13. 86<)13. (13 ;('"/* '!< 1!36(1>., C#/*. )13 !64(13 '6:)"&4. ñ % 7>5% :. (í ;+'" &#('" ñ &" ',(*" -'., 5*/ ñ 81"1. @;6'" 81"13. ñ /* @;+*5* !63(1>. &'"4 )1 -"*/4 ñ (' )6',. 18;. ñ 813 57>6*2* &*-#("Ö163

&* !?;8D +45 657=E, ´A5 >?@;*,+E,ª, 6,7S5:; E5:+*2/ +4=; ,:1/ 4=D

-:;,72,D ñ 564,+7,D: Q31 C#/'. 7135&1(#213-1" 5)13 &A813 513 )". 5);6/'. )* +#-&"/* ñ (' )6'". 18;. ñ 5136#$-"* ',+*/ 5)* +',-% 4)*/ '5> )". 7:)'"/;. 513 +#(13 ;&6135'. 7);6/'.

-932# 813-"# 813 ;8*"9*/ &*" )1 í/* )1 #--1 '7,-'".164

161 !57=E, ´L,* ?@8D 8E5Pª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 117. 162 & !?;,D .D <8Q23D B*?B5T5D 45: 695Q+459*25P &9@C, 2,* <83D 45: 69.45T9*+4*,;*25P E:+4*2*+E5P, ,654C18+8 45 6934:65 8;3D E8-?15: ,9*<E5P S.-9,@*2F; C9-.; E8 <CE, 45; 9.E,1C5 2,* S.FB= B*?R515 45: 55: ,*F;,. [4+* 5* %9*+4*,;57 <, 2,4,B72,S,; 54*B/6548 87T8 +TC+= E8 45 +8> .D 2,23 2,* B*,R51*23. 163 )63 45 657=E, ´H ?-;.+4=ª. !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 27. 164 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 >?@;*,+E,ª. );C2B545. O=E5+*8:EC;5 +45 689*5B*23 C1*!',+$45 BA5, )</;,, 15 ',9475: 1954, +. 432 2,* +4=; C#22%*!+$45 H@"2$,, ,9. @. 141, 6.10.í77, +. 2.





56

& B*?R515D 6,95:+*?S84,* .D 6,7T4=D +45 657=E, ´H '?9*5; 'C>*2,;

45: AS, $$. '?T,*9,;ª. C*,@'! G)1/ 5*(*)# )13 &136/"*+)1> ñ ,!"1 58*5(;/1 )9#(" )13 (3*-1> 513 ñ % (#5&* *'61&6;(')*" ñ #+ ñ )13

(8*,+)% (1/</ ñ 932</ ) D36 - Q"#$1-1> 513.165

A5 65*=4*23 8-F 86*2,1874,* 45; B*?R515 +8 BP+2518D +4*-ECD. N*,

6,9?B8*-E, 34,; CT,+8 45 2,9?R* 2,* B8; :6/9T8 2,;C;,D ?;<9.65D 25;4?

;, 45; R5=</+8*: V !"#1-'!... S-* /#+13/ +*0', &*" /#+13/ 8#'" &" 1" */06<81" !6*8')'>5'" *84 )13. )4813., &" *3)4 )1 8-1,1 /* )6*$#'" &*" /* )6*$#'" +:6,. (%+*/"&1>., +:6,. */06<813.Ö166

´G45 B*/-=E, "& W5QB?--815D" 65: 695,;,--C118* +45 <*92 :#,89

:6?9T8* 31= = +2548*;*? 45: 89.4*25P 49*-F;5:, = ,6*+47,, 5 @3;5D, = 49,-*2/

618:9? +4=; 5657, ,25P-84,* 45 -C1*5 45: SF5:, -C1*5 3E.D ,23E, +2548*;3,

<,;,4893. H 3X= ,:4/ <, R98* 45 ,;47+45*T3 4=D +45 49,;4,T43 ,11? *1,93

6*, -C1*5 +45 <*92 :#,89. !9328*4,* -*, E*, *1,934=4, 65: ,1,@9F;8*, 365: =

,6?4= +:;B8B8EC;= E8 4=; ,1/<8*, (63+5 E,D B:+2518P8* ,:4/ = +P;B8+=!)

+2596?8* 3T* 6*, 45; <?;,45 ,11? ,652,1P6484,* +í ,:43 45 -C1*5 4=D @:-/D,

4=D 818:<897,D, 45: 9,-7+E,45D 4=D +:ER,4*234=4,D.ª167 G8 ,:4/ 4= @:-/ E84?

8>,7+*,D +:;5B87,D, 684?;8 5* R5QB?--815* 45: G2,97E6,: G)%/ #2"* +;6* )13 D36,13 ñ 136#/"* $;-% ñ

("* 53/1!',* '@*,5"* &*" 7)'6:)A 8')#/ &*" 8#/í *6#!* :6*,1" 1" *22;-1", !1>-1" @"713-&%(;/1" &*" 8"5)1,.

S(:. */)#6)'. ('". ñ :. 86"/ &164O!* ñ

2&6138 +1/!61(1>)513/:/ 8*"!"</ (' :6*,* 7)'6#, *6#!* 8#(' &" ',(*5)' 4-1" *22;-1" $4O!*, $1O!#22'-1" ',(*5)' (' &;6*)* &*" 136#. 168

165 )63 45 657=E, ´H '?9*5; 'C>*2, 45: AS, $$ ñ '?T,*9,ª. !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 107 166 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 8*+*4/9*5ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., +. 53-54. 167 K,;?+=D %,4S365:15D: ´H 15>/ +5@7, 2,* = 25*;/ <17X=ª, C#,4+$4= Dí 6,1*3351$2! &!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D, %,127B, 2007, +. 307. 168 ´!9315-5D W5QB?--81.;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., +. 91.





57

& 69F45D +47T5D 4=D B8P489=D +495@*2/D 8;34=4,D +4=; 69F4= C2B5+= 4.;

I2J%=88*3A1169 /4,; -9,EEC;5D .D 8>/D: U'A/ "3,''.12$ *'*9/ ñ A/ 6#$1

42#($%, ñ . &* 6864.2348D ?--815* ,:457 65: ,;4*+4?<=2,; 2,*

T,9,24=97+4=2,; ,9-3489, ,;4?948D, ,9T*2? C@89,; :654*E=4*23

T,9,24=9*+E3. H B*,R51*2/ E59@/ 45: W5QB?--815: ,6,;4?4,* 2,* +45 657=E,

Comedia dellí arte. A, 693+.6, 45: L,9,-2*3S=, 45: %,4S,;4S?9=, 45:

5E*1=4/ (65*=4*23 8-F), 4.; 2,4572.; 4=D 631=D, CT5:; T,9,24=9*+4*2?

R5QB?--81.;. G)1 &*)#7:)1 ñ ), :6*,* ñ 8#/" (*.,

(Ö) :. &637# 0* &"/', (*. /# 8%2*,/13(' ñ % 9:A ñ 8%!%+)1,!

(Ö)(' 5&>-"/* (1>)6* ñ \*)9*/)9#6%., 8,5: 513, '2< ñ &*)%7;. ñ

(Ö) D*" )6*21>!" 5> /* 5&#. ñ ), 8*"#/*.! ´;$2*! ;$2* /* (' "!',. ("* 5)*-"#!ª &" 1" 7-12,)5'. /í *&1/),913/ )%. 8#/*. 5#/ 81> ñ 7-42"/* ñ 0* 8')#@13/ 813-"#.

D" :. N1O!#22'-1" 0* 8*)#(', /* )6,913/ 1" +*6);/"'. (*. 7"21>6'. &*" /#/í

-'. ):/ @>-:/ (*. 1" 5&";. 0* 236,913/, 5*/ &'6*,'. 813 )1 &'/4 '6'3/#/.

(Ö) D*" 1" &#)1"&1"; D6'(*5(;/1" ñ < ), 0#(*! ñ

5í ;/* 58#221, 8613("5(;/1", 6"+)1,, +*>/1" &" #/*3!1" /* -"&/,91/)*" */)#(* (Ö)170

H +:;P6,9>= 45: ,--81*25P E8 45 B*,R51*23 +4= R5QB,--817+*, E59@/

B8; 6,9,E897S8* 45 89.4*23 ñ +8>5:,1*23 +45*T875. V11.+48 5 !?;,D

4,:4*S34,; E8 4=; 89.4*2/ 69?>=. & R*,+4/D E8 45 ,1/4*25 +47-E,, 65:

8;+,92F;8* 4= +4*-E/ 45: <,;?45: 2,* 4=D -C;;=+=D, 45 4C15D E*,D

2,4?+4,+=D 2,* 4=; ,6,9T/ E*, ?11=D, +:;,;4?4,* 2,* +45 <*92 :#,89.

169 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, I2J%=88*32$, 82B3+8*D )7-,-95D, )</;,, 1968, +. 9. ("6,;C2B5+= L?245D, )</;, 1976, +. 7.) 170 )63 45 657=E, ´Comedia Dellí arteª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 97-99.





58

!31 &</1" (861>/)913 /* 160:01>/ 5;/* 1" (*5)1, 513 &*" !31, )* )5,/136* ñ 861&</ ñ )4@* *57*-',*.. 171

(Ö) V ):/ (%6</ 513 1" ñ *6+*,13 H*1> ñ 8'5);. &1-</'., V ñ (13 ñ N1O!#22'-' % *5&A("* % -*)6'3)A 513!...172

)--81*2/ *B*34=4, CT8* = -:;,*287, P6,9>= +45 I2J%=88*32/ V*@+*#2/.

A5 65*=4*23 8-F ,65+49C@84,* +8 ,:4/; -*, ;, 689*-9?X8* 2,* ;, :E;/+8* 4=;

3X= 4=D. G8 ,:4/ 4= <=1:2/ 4,:434=4, +:;,;4?E8 4=; 5;8*9*2/ @*-5P9, E8

,--81*2? +45*T87,. )>*5+=E87.45 87;,* 34* +8 B,T4:15-9,@=EC;= 2311, )4,

36.D R9C<=28 +45 ,9T875 N. G2,97E6,173, 5 69F45D +47T5D 36.D

6,95:+*?S84,* 6,9,2?4. /4,; -9,EEC;5D .D 8>/D: ´M6+#22'-; (13 '-#(8*/

)*ªY N1O!#22'-; (13 '-#(8*/ )* -'3&# 513 84!"*, '/< &*)#-

&16>7:.

5*/ @,71. &6;(1/)*/ 7:)4. )4/* 513 +;6" 5)%. /3&)4.

)1 %(,7:.Ö174 A5 65*=4*23 8-F +45 657=E, ´);4*--9?EE,ª, B7;8* 689*-9,@CD 5* 56578D

<:E7S5:; B,*E5;*2CD 3X8*D 2,* +45; 4818:4,75 +47T5 4=D +495@*2/D 8;34=4,D

65: 6,9,<C4. ,:45-597S84,* .D >*J4( +#,89: J;-"*. 58#221", 84!"* , +;6" ñ '&', ñ &'7#-"

-("* (13)51>/* 0#(* :. #/37)% % *32A, )4/* +;6" )#--1 &61>/' % ("* )%/ #--% &*" 8%!#: 5)% (;5% ñ 0'O&4 )6*2,! 175

171 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D !9F45Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ I2J%=88*32$, 82B3+8*D )7-,-95D, )</;, 1968, +. 11. 172 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D !9F45Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ I2J%=88*32$, 82B3+8*D )7-,-95D, )</;, 1968, +. 11. 173 O=E3+*, L8;49*2/ W*R1*5</2= %,127B,D, )9T875 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, 695D 45 6,93; +4, ,4,>*;3E=4, 45: 65*=4/ E8 695+.9*;/ ,97<E=+= 3. A5 657=E, 87;,* B,T4:15-9,@=EC;5 E8 45 3;5E, 45: 65*=4/ 2?4. B8>*?. 174 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 93 ñ 94. 175 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 93 ñ 94.





59

A, B,*E5;*2? +45*T87, 689*-9,@/D, E8 C>,115:D T595PD 65: E5*?S5:;

E8 ´2,4+*? +4=; E;/E= 4.; ,9T,7.; @,P;.;ª, +:E61=9F;5;4,* ,63 4=;

E59@/ 4.; 2,1*2?;4S,9.;:

(',!1. @'7*/)#!:/ &1>&-"/:/ &*" +*>/:/) /* +1618%!#/' ñ 8*6# 0,/í *-4. ñ

:. &*)5"# 5)% (/A(% ):/ *6+*,:/ 7*>/:/ &*" /* 23617;6/13/ ñ &*--"&#/)9*61" :.. 176

A5 65*=4*23 8-F ,:43-,652,1874,* 695+.6?9T=D 2,1*2?;4S,9.;, +45:D 6,9,2?4. +47T5:D. !,95:+*?S84,* ´?+T=E5Dª, ´,2,E?4=Dª, E8 E59@/

49?-5:. (#5&%(1. 48:. ',(*" &"í *&*(#)%.)

5*/ ñ (13 - Ö*-'@"&;6*)1 )%. =1>5*., (Ö)

=*, &"í */ )* &*-# (13 716;5: ñ '8,5%. ñ 5)1 Grand Hotel 513 8#/)* 53 0#6+'".. X2< !', 813 1 !"#1-1. (í '&1>/*,

0#(*" (' )% $1O!,5"* (13 (13)51>/* (&*" )6#21. ñ :. (' 0;-%5'/ % 7>5".)

(1/í ):/ &*--"&*/)9#6:/ C615:8#6+%.!... 177

A5 65*=4*23 8-F 6,9,BCT84,* 4=; ,9C+28*? 45: +4=; ,E,947,. G45:D

6,9,2?4. +47T5:D, 5 B*23D 45: <83D E5*?S8* ;, E=; CT8* 4=; 25*;34:6= 2,1/

2,* ,-;/ E59@/ = 5657, *+TP8* 2,4í 86*29?4=+= -*, 4=; ,;<9.634=4,: D>6"', ',(í ;/*. #0'1.! D*" ',(*" *!'674.

)13 +*6)18*,+)%, )13 (8'&6A. D*" 5#6&* ;+: &*" *,(*. D" 48:. '+<6"5'. '5> )* 5&4)% *84 )1 7:.

;)5" +:6,9: &" *2*8< ñ *8í )1 5:5)4 ñ )1 B;(*.

J1 &6,(* 0;-:! X,/í 4(167% % *(*6),*. C1->, (Ö)

(Ö) D*" )1 &*&4 *2*8<. D"í '(; (í *6;5'" % 9*$1-"#, % 23/*,&* )13 &1/)# (13, )451, 813 *&4(* )1 71/"# ñ */#2&% /* )1 8:;ñ

)1/ ;+'". &#('" 4(1"1/ (13 &"í 15)4 *8í )* 15)# (13.178

176 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 93 ñ 94. 177 )63 45 657=E, ´!95+.6?9T=D 2,1*2?;4S,9.;ª. );C2B545 2,* ?4*415. W97+284,* +4= O.L.W.%., )9T875 N. G2,97E6,, @,2. 4.





60

ii. ):45695+.65-9,@7,. G8 ,9284? 65*/E,4, / +47T5:D, :65B=1F;84,* 5 T,9,24/9,D 45:

65*=4/ 2,<FD 2,* 695+.6*2? R*FE,4, 45: *B75: 4, 5657, -;.97S5:E8 ,63 45

695+.6*23 45: ,9T875 / ,63 B=E5+*8P+8*D +45; 4P65 (+:;/<.D ,63

+:;8;48P>8*D 65: CB.+8 5 7B*5D). !9328*4,* -*, R*5-9,@*2? 65*/E,4, /

+47T5:D, 4.; 5657.; 5* 69.4,-.;*+4CD 82@9?S5:; 64:TCD 4=D

695+.6*234=4,D 2,* 4=D S./D 45: 65*=4/. A5 657=E, ´H17,D N. G2,97E6,Dª 45 56575 -9?@4=28 E8 ,@59E/ 45

<?;,45 45: 8>?T95;5:179 6,*B*5P 45: 65*=4/ 82@9?S8* 4= +6,9,T4*2/ E59@/

8;3D 6,4C9, 5 56575D EC;8* +45; 23+E5 4.; S.;4,;F; E8 4= <PE=+= 45: -*5P

45:: D" '2< /'&6A )%/ >8*6@A 513 )%/ '861$4!*2* 5)1/ <(1 2"* )1 )*@,!" )%. *$>5513Ö

(Ö) $*6"# 1 630(4. )%. 0>(%5A. 513, &*0<. ñ )6"*/)#73--1 ñ */01>5' )1 (*>61 64!1 )%. 5"2A. 513 &*0<. % />+)* (' &3))1>5'Ö180

& N. !,6,+4?E5D ,;,@C98*: ´J7-5 69*; 5 65*=4/D 6?98* 2* ,:43D 45

B93E5 -*, 45; ,4818P4=45 4,>7B* 4=D ,RP++5:, 87B8 S.;4,;3 ñ +,; +8 39,E, ñ 45; ,-,6=EC;5 45: H17,! A98*D /4,; 5* E8-?18D 2,* ,6C<,;48D ,-?68D 45:

!5*=4/, 65: @F1*,S,; +4=; 2,9B*? 45:, .D 4= +489;/ 45: F9,: H ´*+3R*,

89.EC;=ª 45: %,127B,, 5 H17,D, 65: ,65B/E=+8 +45; ?115 23+E5 ñ 8@4?T95;5 6,*B7 2,* E*, <1*EEC;= P6,9>=, 65: -*, 4=; ´C26,-1=ª 5E59@*?

4=D, 4=; ,-,65P+8 E:+4*2?, T.97D 654CD 45: ;, 4=; ,--7>8*, 65: 2,* 45P4= ñ

178 !57=E, ´[4* BC5E,* +5:ª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 29. 179 G45 ,9T8*,23 :1*23 45: 65*=4/ +45 ". J. $. )., :6?9T8* @.454:67, 45: 65*/E,45D +8 2311, )4, +4=; 5657, ,;,@C984,* +8 :65+=E87.+= E8 ,+4897+25 ´!C<,;8 45 1930 +8 =1*27, 6 T93;.;.ª (M?2815D 1, ,9*<E3D 2, 695C18:+= ,9T875: A,+7, G81C25:). 180 )63 45 657=E, ´H17,D N. G2,97E6,Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 37.





61

&:1,15PE 4.; +2*,9F; 59,E?4.; 45: ñ 6C<,;8 +4, 49*?;4, 497, 4=D

T93;*,!ª181 : (Ö) =* '2< 7*6(#&"

;8"/*, 5&;7)1/)*. '/)4. (13, *3)A/ 813 5*/ +'-"!1/#&"

@'7)1>6"5' *8í )1 7:. )13 &45(13Ö182

="&6A &*" &,)6"/% &1"(#5*" *&4(* &*" (1/*+4. (13 5' 53--12,91(*"Ö J* $-;7*6# 513 5&;7)1(*" ñ :O(;/* &" ;/* &*6#$" (*9, 813 6,+/*(' 2"*-4, &*" ñ 7:. (13 ñ

'5;/*, '5;/*.183

E)*/ 5* /* 5' 8645('/* D'6# *84B' 813 !'/ ;8/'' 4@: */#5*, &" ;-'2*: F#60'" *84B' *8í )* /'6#

&" *84 )* !#5*. (Ö)

D*" /#, )1 &#0"5(# 513 5"236/<, 5)1-/< )%/ &#(*6# (13 *26"1(;/)*, &*" /#, (*9, 513 &"4-*. *6+"/<

+635A &13$;/)*: (Ö)

J451 81-> (í *2#8%5'. D'6#, 813 #&132* !"8-# )* $A(*)# (13!

C#)*2* 2< ñ 5)6*$4. ñ (;5í 5)* /'6#; &" '5> &1/)# (13Ö184

C;0*/'! C<. )%/ ;-'2*/ @'+/#:Ö ñ +#0%&' (*9, )%. % +*6#, )1 7<. (13 ñ185

"67+=D:

F* 5' @'+#5: ;/* *842'(* 813 0#+: ñ ), :6*,*! ñ 8'0#/'" &*" 0#(*" *!"#7161. &" #2/1"*5)1., !,+:. &*6!"# /* 81/',,

!' 0* 03(#(*" )13 )#713 513 )1 (*!%(;/1 2'6#/", 181 N*F9-5: !,6,+4?E5:, E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D N*?;;=D W. W,+BC2=D, )</;, 1986, +. 170. 182 )63 45 657=E, ´H 6,9C,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 119. 183 )63 45 657=E, ´H E*29/ 2:97,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 65-66. 184 )63 45 657=E, ´&:1,15PEª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71 - 73). 185 )63 45 657=E, ´A9813D;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 68.





62

(A)' 5)í *-A0'"* 8:. 5í ;+*5* &#81"* $6*!"# 5&1)'"/A.186

M--# 861 8#/):/ 0* +*,613(*" (*/ +*,6')í % #B3+% >-%) 4)" 2"* +#6% 513 8;0*/*, &" *. (% )1 ',8* 81); .187

E (%/-$*6&#&"* )13- (í #586'. &16!;-'. 5)*361!'(;/* 7;6')6* 0#5)'-/' 4@: ñ 5*/ &>(*)* &*" 5*/ *761,- 4813 0* &',)1/)*/ )%. 2%. )* /A8"* (*+*"6:(;/* A 4813 4-1" 451" *2*8A0%&*/ 0#5*/ /'&61,; 188

0>5AF35:JL 5C5PE<84@3L <=B >=3E<8:

H persona -7;84,* 61C5; 45 2,4?11=15 EC+5 -*, C;,; ?;<9.65 65:

<C18* ;, 689;? ,6,9,4/9=45D, ´,1?1!'2/ 4,$ 6#=2/ª, ;, 6?98* 45:D

B93E5:D 2,* ;, E=; 45; ,;,-;.97S8* 2,;87D. &* +47T5* 5* 56575* 82@9?S5:; 43+5 ,;,-2,7, 4=; 86*<:E7, -*, 4?+= ,;.;:E7,D 87;,* ,;,63@8:245 ;, E=;

6,9,6CEX5:; +45; 65*=4/-?;<9.65 5 56575D <C18* ;, R*F+8* 4= S./ 45: -*,

45; 8,:43 45: 2,* E3;5: T732'., (' ("* (#5&* 5)* (1>)6* 513

N2A&'. *84 )%/ 846)* */</3(1. &*" 86#1. D*" 8A6'. )13. !64(13.

J, :6*,1 )1 8'6"5)*)"&4 ("*. *2/4%5%.Ö ("*. */38*6@,*. 5)13. #--13.Ö

(D" '2<, !' (,-%5* ñ 5<8*"/*). 189 & 4818:4,75D +47T5D 45: 6*5 6?;. 8>?+4*T5: E5*9,7, 6,9,6CE68* +8

2,R,@*2? E547R, 8;B3E:T=D 86*25*;.;7,D E8 45 alter ego 45: 65*=4/Y (D" '2<,

!' (,-%5* ñ 5<8*"/*).

A5 65*=4*23 8-F +.6,7;8* ,;?E8+, +45:D ?115:D, +45:D 65115PD. H

B*2/ 45: +*.6/ ñ = 5657, 2:5@5987 +=E,;4*2CD 5:+78D ñ 45; 2?;8*, .+43+5,

>8T.9*+43. H ,65:+7, 4=D 5E*17,D 45:, = ,-;3=+= 4=D P6,9>/D 45:

186 )63 45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 40. 187 )63 45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 40. 188 )63 45 657=E, ´H L:9? E5: = 49C11,Öª. O=E5+*8:EC;5 +45 2:69*,23 689*5B*23 :, N., H3301$4=, 4.T. 1, $,;5:?9*5D 1952, +. 15. W97+284,* 2,* +45 ,9T8*,23 :1*23 N. G2., ".J.$.)., @?2815D 16/12 ñ 16/47 (+4=; 2,4,-9,@/ 13-54), ,9. 21 (2,4,-9. ,9. 23), 695C18:+= ,9T875: G6. L5227;=D. 189 !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 138-139.





63

86*+@9,-7S8* 4=; 4,:434=4? 45: 2,* 4=D 695+B7B8* E8-?1= +=E,+7, = 5657, <,

E6595P+8 ;, T,9,24=9*+487 ´E:+4*2*+4*2/ª. K, E6595P+8 867+=D ;, <8.9=<87 34* ,;,EC;84,* ;, ,;,-;.9*+487Y 3T*

36.D ,;,-;.97+4=2,; 5* ?115* ñ 5* 651157, ,11? 36.D ,>7S8* +8 ,:43; 5

56575D 87;,* >8T.9*+43D. H ´?+=E=ª P6,9>= 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F 2,* ´+2

6*#$&+,+$4( +0/ ,81(0&0/ª 5:+*,+4*2? ,;4*B*,+4C1184,* E8 4=; 8ER?<:;+= 4=D

65*34=4,D 45: 65*=4/ 2,* 45: 689*<.9*565*=EC;5: ,;<9F65:(-65*=4/).

T/*/ 4-1/ (13, (#/*, )1 5>(8*/ ñ )1 #8*/ ñ (;. 5)". )>+'. (13 813 '8*,+)% )". #/"5'.

&*" "!;. 5)%/ 8*-#(% (13, 8<. )#!*/, 8<. )#8*/ 1" *2#8'. 513 1" (1,6'. ñ )5"22#/"5'.. 190

ëW::Ö )í #/0%, )í *2&#0"*, 4-* ;6+1/)*" 5)% 7>5% &" 4-* 7'>213/ 5)%/ <6* )13.. ( J%/ )>+% )13. /#+*Ö)

X2< ),; G)% 9:A, ;+: $"*5)', /#60: )#+* A *62A5'";191

!C9,; 45: :6,9>*,25P 89.4/E,45D 65: B*,R?S5:E8 6,9,6?;., (X2<

),; G)% 9:A, ;+: $"*5)', /#60: )#+* A *62A5'";) 45 56575 82@9?S8* 4*D 8+.489*2CD

,;=+:T78D 45: 65*=4/ -*, 4=; C;;5*, 2,* 4=; 5:+7, 45: T93;5: (ñ -;.+4CD 87;,* 2,* 5* 4?+8*D @:-/D 45: ,63 ´4, 39*, 45: 23+E5:ª), 5 65*=4/D +45

657=E, ´& 2,E65P9=Dª, ,;,@C984,* +8 E*, ?+T=E= 8>.489*2/ 8E@?;*+= =

5657, +4*-E?4*+8 43+5 4=; 695+.6*2/ 45: S./ 3+5 2,* 45 C9-5 45:. H G. !. $.,;;7B= -9?@8*: ´H ?+2=E= 8E@?;*+/ 45: 45; CT8* 2,* ?118D

@59CD ,6,+T51/+8*. %,9,24=97S8* ,:45R*5-9,@*23 45 657=E? 45: ´&

2,E65P9=Dª +45 T95;5-9?@=E, ´'8<í 8394*,ª, 65: R97+284,* +4= +:115-/

T95;5-9,@=E?4.; :, 62!3$= '* +2 3=&+$;2, +. 47.ª192

!57=E, :6,9>*,2/D ,;,S/4=+=D 87;,* 2,* ´A5 S/4=E,ª:

190 )63 45 657=E, ´Z4* 8E5P 8+47ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 118. 191 !57=E, ´& 2,E65P9=Dª, ,63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 61-62). 192 G. !. $.,;;7B=, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, 4*9'*1, +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, O.L.W.%., %,127B, 1995, +. 241.





64

Q'/ A)*/ !* )451 5813!*,1. H* 7>2'". ñ @'816)</)*. ñ +:6,. )%/ 846)* /í #/1"2'. ñ *!>/*)1. \635A,

(Ö) J1 9A)%(* !'/ ',/í *3)4. ]>)' 8<. @;6'". /* 5)1-

-,9'". )1 26#((* 513 (í */0"# 813 &-',. ('5í 5)1 26*7)4: @;6'". 4)" (% 26#71/)1 &" 4)" (% 5);-/1/)#. )1 ñ 2"* /* -#$: *!>/*)1 - *!>/*)1 &"í *3)4.

J1 9A)%(* ',/*" )1 2 " * ) , ()%. 2/<5%. (13 )%. -,2%.,

)451 ',/*" )1 7:. &*" )451 % 5&;B% (13 '(;/* ',/í 0*(8A) /í */1,@'" 86;8'" % 846)* 8 6 " / 2"* /* (')# 5> 7>2'"., &"í 4+" /* &-',5'" *84 (')# ñ '/< 5> 0#+'. (8',Ö 193

´& G2,97E6,D E8 E8-?1= 86*E5;/ 689*+49C@84,* -P9. ,63 8:;3=45:D

+:115-*+E5PD, 695+6,<F;4,D C4+* ;, ,;,*9C+8* 4=; 2,4?+4,+= 4.;

69,-E?4.;. &* +:;8T87D B*,6*+4F+8*D 4=D @:+*2/D +:;C68*,D 29PR5:; 4=;

,;,4956/ 4=D. !95+6,<87 2,* 5 7B*5D ;í ,@5E5*F+8* ,:43 65: ,B:;,487 ;,

+:;8*B=4565*/+8*. "7;,* E*, ?65X= 4=; 5657, 86*T8*987 +:;8TFD, 2,* E8

6,9,B87-E,4,, ;, 4=; 695R?118*, ,@5P E8 4=; 15-*2/ ,;?1:+= B8; 45

,6568*9?4,*: +21 &4@32 62! (+,1 +21 "3.62!'*, 3.'* (+$ *91,$ &4@32/, +01

6(#+, 62! ,1 %*1 ,129L*$ 6?/ 1, '6*$/. & 7B*5D B8; <C18* ;, 6*+4CX8* 34* 87;,*

C4+*, ,11? X?T;5;4,D 2,4,1/-8* +45 7B*5 ,654C18+E,. );,S=4? 45 <,PE, 65:

B8; -7;84,*. A5 657=E, 87;,* ,;4*695+.68:4*23 B87-E, ,:4/D 4=D :6,9>*,2/D

,;,S/4=+/D 45:. L,* = ,:4/ R,+,;*+4*2/ ,;,S/4=+= E65987 ;, 689*-9?X8* E8

+,@/;8*, E*, 618:9? 45: T,9,24/9, 45: +:--9,@C,. (, 86*+=E?;8*, B=1,B/,

4=; 8+.+49C@8*? 45:, ;, 868>=-/+8* 8;B8T5EC;.D 4=; 689*@93;=+/ 45: -*,

E=;PE,4, 4.; <,:E?4.; 65: 695R?115;4,* +4, C9-, 4.; +:-T93;.;

45:.ª194 H 4565<C4=+= 4=D G. !. $.,;;7B=, 8@,9E3S84,* 2,* +4, 65*/E,4, Á5

-9?EE,ª, Á5 ,+4C9*ª 2,* Á9813D;ª: J;-1. 8#/):/ ;/* 51>681 0* 236,5: ñ48:. 51>8*ñ )1>)í )1 +64/1 A )1/ #--1/* ñ&" 48:. ;732* (4/1.ñ ;/* 51>681 813 (;5* )13 0#+'" 4-* )* 51>68*

&*" )* +64/"* 4-* 1 +64/1.. 195

193 )63 45 657=E, Á5 S/4=E,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3. 6., +. 37. 194 G. !. $.,;;7B=, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, (Ö), O.L.W.%., %,127B, 1995, +. 123. 195 )63 45 657=E, Á5 -9?EE,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D.E., 3.6., +. 85.





65

S-* '/ )#@'" &"í 4-* :6*,*!. X3+*6"5)%(;/1. ',(*" ñ '/ 517,* :. )#+'" 81"A5'" 4-* 1 F'4.:

/#, 2"* /* ->5: ñ (13 ñ )* 8*81>)5"*, ',(*" 5&3((;/1. :. &#)" /#+*5*, A &#)" /#$6: /#B*+/* - :..

D" :., */ 5' )5,(8*' &#)", '5;/* ñ '5> 0* '@>5*, ;)5" )1 &6>1 ñ &6>1 /#/í 86;8'" &" 4+" 9'5)4I

/* $-;8'". $-;8"/* &*" /* !"B#. ñ 86;8'" ñ !"B,5"*, A ñ *7%/4('/% - /* 8;7)'" % 8;)6* (:. ',/í 5:5)4) .196

X,(*" ñ )1 @;6: ñ -12"&4.. V !'/ ("-#:. G*/ -#(B'" % (;6* 5$: )1 7:. (13. M/ "!< ;/* 7>--1 81>8'5' ñ '/)4. (13 -;:: ',!* ;/* 7>--1 81>8'5' &*"Ö 8#:.

(Ö) J6'-4. '2<; M5)',1! D*" 5),+13.

7"#+/:, &*" 8#: 8*)</)*.I 1>)' -421. 4)" 48:. 5)6,$'" 1 !64(1., */*-42:.

5)6,$: /* (% 5&13/)#B: 8# 5)13. )1,+13.Ö

[1"84/ !'/ ',(*". W6*,*! J1 B;(* ("5<.(Ö) 197

'C+, ,63 4= ;.<934=4, 45: ;.T81*25P 65*=4*25P 8-F 86*R8R,*F;84,*

= :6,9>*,2/ ,;,S/4=+= 45: 65*=4/ +45 657=E, Á7654,ª: C1-> *624/ )1 $6#!3 '5$1>5' &*" ),81)* í)*/ )1 7'22#6" &" 4,)" í)*/ ->8% !' -381>5' &*" ),81)* !'/ ',+' +#6%.

=4/í A)*/ $6#!3, ),81)í #--1, (' !,+:. ),81)* 5)% ;2/1"*I &" *3)4 )1 ),81)* /í ('2#-1 5)* ),81)* )* )"81);/"*.

D" ;-'* (;5* (13: ), )#+* ), )#+* /#)*/ 813 (í '->8'", *71> í2: ),81)* 2"* /#+*

!'/ ;/":0* (+*6#, ',)' ->8%). 198

196 )63 45 657=E, Á5 ,+4C9*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 112. 197 )63 45 657=E, Á9813D;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 68.





66

G4, :68998,1*+4*2? 287E8;, 45: Breton, 45: "--5;365:15: / 45:

"E68*9725: 45 :68998,1*+4*23 :65287E8;5 87;,* C;, ,@=-=E,4*23 ´8-Fª 45

56575 ,;,S=4F;4,D ,6?;4=+= +45 89F4=E, ´65*5D 87E,*ª, 86*S=487 4=

+:;?;4=+= E8 45; ?115, -*, ;, ,65+,@=;7+8* E8 4=; ,;4*6,9?<8+= ,:4/ 4=

B*2/ 45: 4,:434=4,.199 G45:D 6,9,2?4. +47T5:D, C;<845:D +8 68S? 45:

G2,97E6,, +:;,;4?E8 *B7,D @P+8.D 89.4/E,4, ,63 C;, 65*=4*23 8-F 45

56575 ´B8 ;587ª 2,* 8;89-87 ´,;?65B,ª: ´^ $4-)* 8A6' */#81!* &*" )1 B%-# ñ &*0;):.

&"í */),. )1 8 1 " 4 . ( ' 7 < / * @ ' /* $2< /* "!< ñ */)"0;):. '2< (813 (A!' A@'6*) &*" 813 /11>5* (A!' ;)6'@í */#81!* &'"!#

&*" 7 < / * @ * : 8 1 " 1 . (í ' , ! ' ; ª 200

!*5 6?;. R1C65:E8 2*;=4*234=4, ,;?E8+, +45 :65287E8;5 2,* 45

,;4*287E8;5. A5 ë8-Fí ,;,S=4? +í ,:43 65: 45: 87;,* 8>.489*23 ñ ?115 E7,

4,:434=4,. G4= Nadja 45: '69843; = ,9T*2/ 89F4=+= ´C2$2/ *9',$;ª

+:E61=9F;84,* 17-5 ,9-3489, ,63 4*D 89.4/+8*D ´H9',$ *8? 2 9%$2/;ª 65:

,;57-5:; 45 B93E5 +4=; ,65B5T/ 4=D 848934=4,D. !9328*4,* -*, 4= +:ER51*2/

27;=+= 4=D ,@/-=+=D = 5657, ,654:6F;8* E8 8;?9-8*, 4=; 48T;*2/ 4=D

689*61?;=+=D 2,* 4=D 8E6*+45+P;=D +45 4:T,75, 65: 695487;5:; 5*

:68998,1*+4CD.201 198 )63 45 657=E, ´A7654,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ I2J%=88*32$, 82B3+8*D L?245D, )</;,, 1976, +. 50. 199 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D 45: ?115: .D ,;,-2,7, 695]63<8+= B*,E39@.+=D 4=D 4,:434=4,D +8 -,11*2? 2,* 811=;*2? :68998,1*+4*2? 15-548T;*2? 287E8;,.ª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, &+0 3282+*;19,. 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$?1,/, (Wí O*8<;CD G:;CB9*5 ñ !9,24*2?, 43E5D )í), 82B3+8*D O3E5D, )</;, 2000, ++. 287 ñ 302. 200 &* +47T5* :6?9T5:; +45 5EF;:E5 B*/-=E, (R1. 6,9,6?;.), 2,* +4= +:115-/ B*=-=E?4.; 45: N. G2,97E6, :!-32"%2'=%, &+0 R,349%, (82B3+8*D (8@C1=, )</;, 1996, +.+. 147), +45 68S5-9,@*23 C9-5 :2 E(32 +2! W984,#A (82B3+8*D (8@C1=, )</;, 1992, +. 88), +45 B*/-=E, ´L,9B*CD ,63 -1:27+E,4,ª, 2,* +45 R*R175 :, 62!3$= '* +2 3=&+$;2 (%,127B,, 1978, +. 177). 201 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D 45: ?115: .D ,;,-2,7, 695]63<8+= B*,E39@.+=D 4=D 4,:434=4,D +8 -,11*2? 2,* 811=;*2? :68998,1*+4*2? 15-548T;*2? 287E8;,ª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, &+0 3282+*;19, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., (Wí O*8<;CD G:;CB9*5 ñ !9,24*2?), 82B3+8*D O3E5D, )</;, 2000, +. 289.





67

A5 65*=4*23 8-F ,@5P B7;8* -9,64FD +45; 8,:43 45: E7, +8*9? ,63

8;451CD, +T84*2? E8 45 6FD 69C68* ;, @,7;84,* +45:D ?115:D .D 695D 4=;

3X= 2,* 45; T,9,24/9, 45:, B*,69,-E,48P84,* 4=; P6,9>/ 45: 2,* 4=

+:E689*@59? 45: 2,* 6,95E5*?S8* 4= @/E= 45: 65: <, ,6524/+8* .D 8>/D: % 7A(% 0#6)'" 513 5*/ ("* D36,* %("("(49*

-,21/ )" &6>*

&*" -,21/ (8-#$% *84 )* 2;-"*Ö202

A5 S/4=E, 4=D <9=+287,D B*,69,-E,48P4=28 E8 69521=4*23 49365

,9284CD @59CD 5 65*=4/D, 2?4* -*, 45 56575 2,4=-59/<=28. I+43+5 =

+2,9*E6*2/ @9?+= +8 +:;C;48:>= 45: 65*=4/ ´C(&2 =>*2/ *9',$ <*. '2!!ª

B7;8* ,63 E3;= 4=D ,9284CD ,6,;4/+8*DÖ G8 ,;?15-5 217E,Ö 2:;*234=4,D, 2*;874,* 2,* = <8E,4515-7, 45:

65*/E,45D ´[4* BC5E,* +5:ª: D>6"', ',(í ;/*. #0'1.! D*" ',(*" *!'674.

)13 +*6)18*,+)%, )13 (8'&6A. D*" 5#6&* ;+: &*" *,(*. D" 48:. '+<6"5'. '5> )* 5&4)% *84 )1 7:.

;)5" +:6,9: &" *2*8< ñ *8í )1 5:5)4 ñ )1 B;(*.

J1 &6,(* 0;-:! X,/í 4(167% % *(*6),*. C1->, '5> (' 0;-%5'. *2/4/ ñ !'/ ',(*", 1" #--1", 1" #--1",

1" '&8'5(;/1", *(*6):-1,, 1" (1>621" ñ &"í ',/í 81--1, ñ ), )#+* -'/; D"í ',/*" *!'671,! J, @;613/; D"í ',/í ('2#-1"!

D*" ',(*", D>6"', #0'1.. D*" )1 &*&4 *2*8<.

D"í '(; (í *6;5'" % 9*$1-"#, % 23/*,&* )13 &1/)# (13, )451, 813 *&4(* )1 71/"# ñ */#2&% /* )1 8:;ñ

)1/ ;+'". &#('" 4(1"1/ (13 &"í 15)4 *8í )* 15)# (13.

D" ',(í #0'1.! D*6!,*. 5> 813 ')#9'". &*" /'761>., 8645'+': *2*8< 81-> )* ´8-A0% *(*6)"</ (13ª. G> 813 /'7;-*. */"5)#. &*" @*/*9',. /'&61>.,

ñ 5)í #/0"5(* ',(*" ):/ 8*0</ ñ )* *,5+% 8-A03/4/ (13!... 203 202 )63 45 657=E, ´HE*51321=95;ª. !,95:+*?S84,* ?4*415 +45:D D. E. 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 135. 203 !57=E, ´[4* BC5E,* +5:ª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 29.





68

&* 6,9,6?;. +47T5* 8E689*CT5:; 45 R,9P 217E, 4=D :6,9>*,2/D

,;,S/4=+=D 45: 65*=4/. & LF+4,D '. !95:+/D ,;C@898: ´H 6;*-71, 45P4=

65: 45; R,+,;7S8* 5B:;=9? 45; 2?;8* ;, S=4?8* 4= @:-/, E*, @:-/ E,29*? ,63

4= +:;=<*+EC;= S./, 6C9, ,63 4, -;.+4? +8 TF98D 69.43-;.9=D 2*

,B527E,+4=D T,9?D. H 95:47;, 45; 6*CS8* 8@*,14*2?, 45; 6;7-8* E8 4=;

68S34=4? 4=D, 2,* -*, ;, 4=; 82B*2=<87, 6348 4=; ,-;587 2,* 6348 4=;

8*9.;8P84,* 1864? 2,* +:-29,4=EC;,.ª204 & !. (. !,;,-*.45P;=D +=E8*F;8*

86í ,:45P 34* ´+45 657=E, "[4* BC5E,7 +5:", <, +6?+8* 4*D @39E8D 4=D =<*2/D, <í ,;,65B5-:97+8* 45PE6, 4*D X8:4586*@:1?>8*D 4.; ,+4F;, <, -:E;F+8* 45

+6,<7 4=D ,1/<8*,D, 65: 43+5 45 E84,T8*97S84,* +í 31= 45: 4= S./ 2,* 4=;

ACT;= 45: (Ö)ª205. ID 657=E, 65*=4*2/D <, E6595P+8 ;, <8.9=<87 2,* ´& +4,<E?9T=Dª, 2,<FD 45 65*=4*23 8-F 4,:47S8* 4=; 89.EC;= 45: E8 4=; 657=+= 2,* ,@/;8* 4=

95E,;4*2/ 45: E;/E= ;, ,;,49C>8* +45 6,981<3; 2,* ;, 45; R5=</+8* ;,

69?>8* 45 ´4,>5421ª 45: +45 EC115;: ´+0 %$,&+,@#A&5 +2!/ &+01 ,$A1$(+0ª: V, '5>, &36# (13 +;6", !4/)"*, (#)", 4/'"61 &*" )6*,/1 81> )%/ 8#. )% /"4)%,

;!:5* 5"/"#-1 ñ ) 1 & * 0 A & 1 /! ñ 2"* )% !"*5)*>6:5A (*. 5)%/ *":/"4)%Ö206

& N. !,6,+4?E5D 89E=;8P8* 45:D 6*5 6?;. +47T5:D .D 8>/D: ´H F9, 87T8

689?+8*Ö L* 5* @715* C6,*9;,; 45 49,7;5 45: E8+5;:T475: -*, 4=; )</;,. "287

+45 +4,<E3 5 +2,9*E6*23D ´G4,<E?9T=Dª <, CB*;8 +*;*?15 -*, 4=

B*,+4,P9.+= 4.; @71.; 65*=4F;, +4=; ,*.;*34=. L,* 49,7;5 2,* 3;8*95 2,*

S.-9,@*CD 45: C9.4,, <í ,65B=E5P+,; EC+, +4, T?= 45: 2,*95P 2,* 45:

4365:Öª207 204 LF+4, '. !95P+= ´N*?;;= G2,97E6,: K!3,32@'ª, +45 689*5B*23 P!6#$,4= F#='',+,, 1937, 4. Ní, +. 196ñ197. 205 !. (. !,;,-*.45P;= F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/. K $%,38(/ +0/ R,349%,/, "4,*97, 811=;*25P R*R175:, )</;, 1986, +. 18. 206 )63 45 657=E, ´& +4,<E?9T=Dª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 59-60 207)63 45 657=E, ´G4?B*5; B3>=Dª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 87 ñ 88.





69

G45 657=E, ´O8+EF4=Dª, 45 65*=4*23 8-F ;*F<8* BC+E*5D 4.; 6,1*F;

+2CX8.; 2,* +:;,*+<=E?4.;. &* 1P68D 45:, 5* T,9CD 45:, 5* C9.4CD 45:, 5*

@3R5* 45: C-*;,; 4365* 86,;,1,ER,;3E8;5* 43+5 +4= +2CX= 3+5 2,* +45:D

+47T5:D 45:. & ´B8+EF4=Dª .D 65*=4*23 8-F ,6548187 persona 45: 65*=4/

65: ;*F<8* BC+E*5D 4.; 25*;F; ñ 61C5; ñ 65*=4*2F; 45: 436.;: J*@,!'3*/ ('2#-* )* &*6#$"*

5)* -42"* (13 ñ 5)1 /13 (13 1" )481" ñ 5)% $6*!"/A (' )6#$*2*/ */)*>2'"*

&*"/1>62"1" */06<81".

D*" ñ 86#2(* (;2* ñ 1" +*6;. (13, 1" )64(1" !'/ -;2*/ ),81)*! G)1 !',-", 1" 8*-"1, !'/ (,-%2*/ 1" !64(1"

1>)' 1" 7,-1"!

J451 &*-1,!... D*" (í ;7'6/' 1 A+1. 8"&6;. ñ 5)". ,!"'. 6,('. (13 ñ )1->8'., 1 ,!"1. (í ;57*9' '(;/* 1 5),+1.,

'(;/* 1" ->8'..208

H 657=+= 45: G2,97E6, -7;84,* E7, E6?;4, 8,:45P1=B.; 2,* >8TP;84,*

+45:D B93E5:D 4=D %,127B,D. &* 63<5*, 5* +2CX8*D 45: 65*=4/, 5* 8,:45P1=B8D

4=D 65*=4*2/D 45: B9,+4=9*34=4,D >8@8P-5:; ,63 45:D +47T5:D 45:D, ,63 4*D

65*=4*2CD +817B8D 2,* 8;+.E,4F;5;4,* +8 E7, ´189/ +:;5B87,ª ,96?S5;4,D

45; B=E*5:9-3 45:D 2,* B87T;5;4?D 45: 4, 86*48P-E,4? 45:. & B=E*5:9-3D

EC+, ,63 ?115 C;, 657=E, 65*=4*2/D ,:45+,92?S84,* T,9,24=97S5;4,D 3+,

R1C68* ñ 4, B=E*5:9-/E,4? 45: ñ C;, ´;48239 ,;*+399565 E8 EP4= -8157,ª: D"í :. *684/)*. (' (í ;$2*-*/ 5%&:)4/ *8í )%/ 84-% ((' &*(81>6'. &"í *--1,0:61"ñ (' 5)6*$A #--* *6,!*)

4-* '&', (' )6"2>6"5*/ &*" (' !',@*/ ñ +*+4-1" &', $*0'"#, )% \*-&,!*:

Ö!"#$%&' (*")6 ñ (13 7:/#@*/' ñ )% \*-&,!*, )%/ ',!'. 4813 5> (;5í 5)* 7#-)5* 513 (4/1/, A@'6'. /#6+'".;

H# )* ;62* 513, 1" 8401" 513 ñ 4-1" '(',. ñ 7*513-A!'., /# &*" 5> 0"*5#6+%.!...

(Ö) D"í ',(*" 2< 0"*5#6+%. )13.; M-. &13651>( )<6* '@<-%. &*" 861<-%. )13. ();-'"1. /* (*0*,/: )13. 61>(8'.). /#, (í *3)1>. )13. 8*-"#)513. (13 0* &"/A5: 5)". 84-'".

(' &6*32;. &*" (' )1>(8'.!... 209 208 )63 45 657=E, ´O8+EF4=Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 41 ñ 42. 209 )63 45 657=E, ´G4?B*5; B3>=Dª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, ++. 87 - 88





70

"67+=D:

W. :6*,* A)*/ (13 *84B' % ->8%, A60*/ 4-* 5":8%-# +:6,. 8#0%

&*" (' A$6*/ ñ +:6,. &*/;/í /* (13 -',8'" ñ )* -#0%.

D" :. )* 2/<6"5* 4-* (13 2>6: ñ (86#( - 8#7'.

4-* &6#)*2*/, )613(8;)'. &*" $"4-'. ñ XMLJ]L[^QXG 813 (' $-;8*/, 1" 2&#7'.

(13 4-'.. 210

& 65*=4/D 695+.65-9,@F;4,D 45; 8,:43 45: .D <*,+?9T= 4=D

E6?;4,D (65: 5 7B*5D S.-9,@7S8* E8D 45:D +47T5:D 45:), ,:45+,92?S84,*: J, /)'&46 */"5466181 813 (' (>)% 2'-1,*

(*")6 (8'&6A. )1 5&'!,*9' 5)4/* 84!" /* 5);&'", 211 G45 7B*5 217E, 2*;5P;4,* 2,* 5* 6,9,2?4. +47T5*:

?!... ), 0,*51. -,21/ ), *84 *-A)'. (139"&#/)'. ('035(;/13. &*" 7#-)513., ;)5" :. ;(1"*9*/ ñ (' 86"5(;/'. )". (>)'. ñ

8*-"#)513.. (Ö)

?Ö ), ;(8/'35%!... =*,)6 )13 7#-)513 2< 8#/)*, (' )% $;62* (13 )<6* B%-# ñ -;: ñ (' )64(13. /#, (' !*>)% (13 /* 8*6'-#5: )% (8#/)*

5)13. !64(13.. 212 2,* ,;,65187 4= B3>, 45: E8 @3;45 4=; 631= 4=D %,127B,D:

D" :. 5)* 8#-&* % 7#)5* (13 2'-*5)A 0* 861$*,/'" (#+ &" % 8642&* ñ ), !4@* (13!... ñ 5í 136*/1>. 0* (' 5>6'")

% \*-&,!* '&', 8,5: (13 0* 7*/)#9'" +)"5(;/% 5*/ *84 ñ )'(8'5,6"Ö213

210 )63 45 657=E, ´",:45P1=B8Dª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 51. 211 )63 45 657=E, ´G4?B*5; B3>=Dª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, ++. 87 - 88 212 )63 45 657=E,´",:45P1=B8Dª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 51. 213 )63 45 657=E, ´G4?B*5; B3>=Dª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, ++. 87 - 88





71

!57=E, 65*=4*2/D <8.9874,* 2,* 45 ´'3;5 B:5 +47T5:Dª. "BF

+:;,;4?E8 45 65*=4*23 8-F 4,:4*+EC;5 E8 4*D ,-.;78D 45: 65*=4/ ;, 82@9?S8*

4=; ,;=+:T7, 45: -*, 4= B*?+4,+= 4=D 657=+/D 45:: =4/1/ '2<, (4/1/ '2<, 81); !'/ A(13/ 8-1,1, (A)' *;6"/1 4/'"61, (A)' 813-, 5' */04,

A60* 5)1/ &45(1 (' 8-*)> (;):81, 1604 &*" -',1, (4/1 !31 5),+13. (13 5&-%61>. /* 8: &*" /* +*0<Ö214

G45 657=E, ´OP5 ,B81@57 2,* 5* BP5 ;8:9*257ª, 36.D 2,* +45 657=E,

´& Wí !,-23+E*5Dª, 5 65*=4/D 8*9.;8P84,* B*? 4.; +47T.; 45: 82695+F65:D

45: 2*;/E,45D 45: :68998,1*+E5P: H* ',5*" D>6"1., '/ +6:

(&" *. ',/*" ñ 8:. ñ *5)',1/) &'&*6(;/1., (' 38'618)"&A/ 2&6"(#)5*/ &*" $"1-"1>

&'/A/ ñ 5)1 +;6" ñ 0A&%/,

&" '/ 8-A6'" 51$*617*/',* /* )1 -;. ( 5>, ;/*. ñ (')# C,-13 ñ )>81.) )1 8451/ @;6'". /* '//11>/ 1" /'1*7"+0;/)'. 7,-1". 215

2,*:

M/ A(13/ !31 58,6)* (' C,-1 8#/: 5' ("* )'/):(;/% &-:5)A, &" */ ñ *81&', ñ 5' 1/'"6'>1(*/:

(Ö) 0* 5' ´)5,(8*2*ª ñ ;/)1(1

'6)9"*/4 ñ &*" 0* 5í ;8*"6/*

5)% +161'58'6,!* 813 !40%&' 5)%/ M22-"&A H*3*6+,!*

(5)* !31 ñ /#513/ (;-"55*; ñ 0* 5' +<6"9' % (;5% 513).

()%* )4)',

0#(8*"/' ;/*. 8"2&13,/1. &*)#5)'61. (' )* +;6"* 5)". )5;8'.I +, ,-.)/,0% ñ +12/&1 34, %$*$%5, 6%*"7 418 J%/ J"(A )%. ['2'</1.:

214 )63 45 657=E, ´'3;5 B:5 +47T5:Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 18. 215 )63 45 657=E, ´O:5 ,B81@57 2,* 5* B:5 ;8:9*257ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 129.





72

ñ Mllons enfants &*" 8#-8*8#****! ñ C61-111151+A! ^ M3)1> Q%(1&6*)"&A X@1+4)%. J13

1 C6'5$'3)A. )%. P*--,*.!... 216

& G:E8F; N9. G4,E65:15P ,;,@C98*: ´& Antoine Souroupis 65: C9T84,* ,63

45 E(32 +2! W984,#A, +4,<E8P8* +45 P2''A+5/ P!#$?1, 2,* 86,;8E@,;7S84,* +45 B*/-. :2 '2!&+=4$Ö. A5 alter ego 45:, persona 45: G2,97E6,,

,;,--C1184,* E8 P@5D :68998,1*+4*23: D4#$"?/, +2! 6#?+2! *4*912!,

C$1%,#$42@ Bariskas &,/, *6$+#.X,+. '2! 1, &,/ ,6,88*93A .1, 6290',, 62!

>!'97*$ 4,$ Iretton 4,$ Picasso!... Y ,42@&+* ñ ,42@&+*Ö )2515:<87 45

:68998,17S5; 657=E, ´OP5 ,B81@57 2,* 5* BP5 ;8:9*257!ª 65: R97+284,* +45:D

G6,1+*/ E+9;2!/. A5 657=E, B*,R?S84,* ,;47 45: ñ ,;?15-5: 217E,45D ñ ´&

W/4, !,-23+E*5D!ª. M/ A(13/ !>1 58,6)* (' C,-1 8#/: 5' ("* )'/):(;/% &-:5)A, ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ 0* 5' )5,(8*2* ñ ;/)1(1 '6)9"*/4 ñ &*" 0* 5í ;8*"6/* 5)% +161'58'6,!* 813 !40%&' 5)% M22-"&A H*3*6+,!*Öª

& G2,97E6,D 8*9.;8P84,* 45 27;=E, 2,* 4=; :*5<C4=+/ 45: ,63 45:D [11=;8D

65*=4CD: Ö '0 70+=+* *L085&*$/ ,6( &2!#*,3$&+./ &,1 ,!+2@/, 5 &,1, +2!/

+0/ 9%$,/ ´E;235/ª, 62$0+./ ',/ (´M*-5:9,SC9 L:9*F;ª).ª217

);,@59? +8 15-548T;*23 27;=E, -7;84,* EC+, ,63 45:D +2,9*E6*25PD

+47T5:D 2,* +45 657=E, ´&* OFB82,ª. & 65*=4/D +,4*97S8* 2,* :654*E? 45:D

OFB82, ñ 15-548T;*2/ 5E?B, 4=D B82,847,D 45: í50, T9=+*E565*F;4,D 47415:D

,63 4, C9-, 45:D. GPE@.;, E8 4=; G. !. $.,;;7B=, 3T* E3;5 +45 8; 13-.

216 )63 45 657=E, ´& Wí !,-23+E*5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 128. 217 G:E8F; N9. G4,E65:15P, C08./ +0/ 6*728#,-9,/ +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, )</;, 2006, +. 285.





73

657=E, = :6547E=+= 87;,* 515@?;89= ,11? 2,* +8 T95;5-9,@/E,4? 45:

:6?9T5:; +:T;CD ,;,@59CD, 6.T., ´H !,9,2,B=E7, 4.; OFB82,ª.218 %,9,24=9*+4*23 87;,* 45 2187+*E5 45: 65*/E,45D E8 45 56575 5 65*=4/D

+,92,+4*2? 8;4?++8* 45; 8,:43 45: +4=; 5E?B, .D BC2,45D 49745D. "7;,*

,>*5+=E87.45 34* 45 65*=4*23 8-F 695+.65-9,@87Y 5 G2,97E6,D B=E5+78:+8

,9284? ?9<9, +4=; 8@=E897B, V0'24#,+$4(/ :@62/ E8 45 X8:BF;:E5

´O"L)A&G A#$A&Gª219. !,9,<C4. ,63+6,+E, ,63 45 657=E,: HA5)'"., *8;6"))1", 8'6"!'',.

X/ (;5: 016>$13 &*" -*+)#6*. 81--A., ?--1" 5736,913/ )% ´6"6,&*ª &*" #--1" 21/3&-"/',..

]" Q<!'&* 8615'>+1/)*": J". 0;-'" (*. 5<5'" *8í )%/ &*)*5)617A;

?--12* +6'('),913/ ;@:0" 1" $#6$*61" A-01/

c:/*5&1>/)'. &*" #!1/)'. '/ (;5: )3(8#/:/ ´1 &#0' D*)'62#6%. 5)1/ 8#2&1 )13!ª J" '//11>/;

(Ö)

]3!;/ #--1 2/:6,91('/. S(:. 4-* *3)# X,/*" 8"* 8'6"))#.

T7)*5'/ !"í %(#. % )'-'3)*,* />+)* )%. 2%.ª C1"* ´M62< 0* (*. $2#9'" *84 )% 0-,B% )%.

!1&"(*5,*. *3)A.; ´G3/)*2(*)#6+* ["#8&"/ª )6#$%@1/ )1 58*0,, ['3&*, :. )* &6,/* 8*60;/1" )13 ´P"1>2&'6(*/ª

C615'3+%0A)' '/ (;5: %(</ LB<5*)' )*. *58,-13. 5*. +',6*. '". )1/ 136*/4/!

^-,*, ^-,Ö [*(# 5*$*+0*/, (Ö)

] *!'-74. T-"1)* )1 ',8' 5:5)# ´V6* /* &-',513(' ñ (*. (36"5)A&*/', (*. (36"5)A&*/' D"í 4(:. '(',. &*-# )1/ ',+*(' 5)A5'" )1/ 8#2&1 (*.,

(Ö)

X(',. )13. *6('/,9*(' 48:. $6,5&*(' )13. &*"61>. D*" -'7)# ',+*(' &*" 4/1(* &*" #--* 81--#,

P"*), /* 53($*,/13/ *3)#, : !>5)%/1. (1,6*, 2"*),! c</*@' ?-&% )1/ G*,@8%6, '5> =;/1 )1 G171&-A!

(Ö)

=*. 8A6'. 5)1 -*"(4 513 ^-,*

M(A/

218 G. !. $.,;;7B=, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, (Ö), O.L.W.%., %,127B, 1995, +. 122. 219 G. !. $.,;;7B=, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, (Ö), O.L.W.%., %,127B, 1995, +. 122.





74

] QXDMJ]G J`_J]G220 H 631= 45: G2,97E6,:

H#/í 58*5(;/1" 1" !64(1", /* 735#'" 1 /4)1. &" '2< &*)*(1/#+1. &*" /* -;:: ), 84-%! /* (%/ @;6: */ ',(*" ñ (;5* 5)%/ *5$4-% ñ

;/*. -38%(;/1. 8"'64)1.!

c>5*' ñ ',8* ñ 1 /4)1. &" ;-'2*: ^ \*-&,!*, < \*-&,!* ñ 84-% (;-'2*) &*" 7;)1.

A(13/ ñ 5)í 4/'"64 (13 ',!* ñ C'6"&-;)1., 8#-" C'6"&-;)1. A(13/ ñ ',!*Ö221

& G:E8F; N9. G4,E65:15P ,;C@898 4, 8>/D: ´H ,:45695+.65-9,@7,

45: 2.E.B5P 65: -:97S8* 45; 9315 45: +8 B9?E,, R97+284,* +45

6958*+,-.-*23 657=E,, 6,9?11=1, E8 45 657=E, ´%,127B,ª 65: R9C<=28

E84? <?;,45; +4, T,94*? 45:ª222 X,+* ñ 2"* )* 2;-"* ñ ;/* (;61. /* 8*,@: &" A60*, ;/* 64-1 5' ;621 (35)A6"1,

0* (í */#22'-/' ;/* (:. 0#(8*"/í) *8í ;@: +*"6<1 '($*)A6"1.

(Ö) G1$*6#;Ö F* )6*21>!*2*;Ö D" ',+* ñ 5)1 Q,* )í 16&,91(*" ñ ;/* 64-1 8*-"#)513 ñ ,!"1 0#(* Ö Q'/ (1>8*/ 8:. 0#&-*"2*, &" */),. &:(:!,*

0* 8*,@: 5' !6#(*Ö223 G45 657=E, ´%593D +:943Dª, = 631= 4=D %,127B,D E5*?S8* ;, 87;,*

S.-9,@*?, EC95D 45: T,95PE8;5: 49,-5:B*5P 65: C-9,X8 5 65*=4/D: D*" 5*/ +)"5(;/% '&', *84 &"(:-,*, $*0"# /* +#/')*" % \*-&,!* 8;6* (í 4-* (13 ñ */1"2(;/* ñ )* $"$-,*

&*0<. (813-1>&" 2-#61" 5)1/ *;6*Ö224 220 )63 45 657=E, ´&* OFB82,ª. A5 657=E, 6,95:+*?S84,* +45 R*R175 4=D G. !. $.,;;7B=, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, (Ö), +. 122. 221 )63 45 657=E, ´%,127B,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 20-21. 222 G:E8F; N9. G4,E65:15P, C08./ +0/ 6*728#,-9,/ +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, )</;, 2006, +. 258. 223 )63 45 657=E, ´!9315-5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 13.





75

Z6.D ,;,@C98* = N8.9-7, J,B5-*?;;=, ´,:4/ = E5;,B*234=4, 4=D 631=D

,;,B*,4?++8* ,23E, 2,* 4=; 25+E5-9,@7,, 65: 4F9, CT8* +45 2C;495 4=D 4=

%,127B,. (Ö) A81*2?, -7;84,* E*, 631= ñ E579,. G4=; 4818:4,7, +495@/ 45:

65*/E,45D ´%593D +:943Dª = 631= 87;,* 45 4818:4,75 +=E?B* 45: 867-8*5:

23+E5:Y E8 4=; 8*23;, 4=D ñ +451*+EC;= ,63 45:D -1?95:D ñ C9-, 45: ñ 5

G2,97E6,D 4,>*B8P8* "3>. ,63 4, 39*, 45: 23+E5:".ª225 H 631= 4=D %,127B,D E84,E59@F;84,* +8 <C,495 +2*F; 365: 651748D

2,* 21C@48D (,;?E8+? 45:D 2,* 45 65*=4*23 8-F) 87;,* +4, TC9*, 45: 6,7T4=, 5

56575D 67+. ,63 45; E689;4C R-?S8* 4*D @*-5P98D 45: 2,* 4*D 2*;87 F+48 ;,

S5:; ´E7, S./ 6=B=T4/ª: G)1 &*)#7:)1 ñ ), :6*,* ñ 8#/" (*., /* 861$*,/13(', D*6*2&"49% (13, #+! ),; #+! ), (;0%, :. &637# 0* &"/', (*. /# 8%2*,/13(' ñ % 9:A ñ 8%!%+)1,! 226

& G:E8F; N9. G4,E65:15P ,;,@C98* 6.D 5 G2,97E6,D 695+,9E3S8*

+45 C9-5 45: ´4=; 8*23;, 45: <*?+5:ª = 5657, 5@87184,* ´+8 6,*B*2/ 45:

,;?E;=+=, 8;B8T5EC;.D ,63 4=; 689*5T/ 4=D )T,a,D, 365: C;,D 5E399*S5D,

695D 45; 15-548T;*23, <7,+5D CB.+8 6,9?+4,+= E8 C;45;, 4, +45*T87, 4=D

Commedia dellí arte.ª227

%,127B, ñ K?1,++, ñ !5*=4/D: & !. (. !,;,-*.45P;=D ,;,@C98* 6.D = B*,+P;B8+= 4=D <,1,++*;/D

S./D E8 4=; 2,<=E89*;34=4,, C4+* .D 4= S5P+8 5 65*=4/D +4= %,127B,, +4=; 5;8*9*2/ 45: 631=, 365: CS=+8 T,9CD 2,* 1P68D .D 4*D 4818:4,78D 45: +4*-ECD

45: N8;?9= 45: 1984, :6?9T8* 2,* +45 .9,75 45: 657=E,, E8 45 +:ER51*+E3

4=D 6?;. +8 2?65*5; C9.4, +8 BP5 6157,, "!1575; 8; 3X8*".ª228:

224 )63 45 657=E, ´%593D +:943Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 70. 225 N8.9-7, J,B5-*?;;=: ´H %,127B,, 15-548T;*23D 4365D 45: N*?;;= G2,97E6,ª, 689. ),1$-.&+2, ?;5*>= 2005, +. 26. 226 )63 45 657=E, ´Comedia Dellí arteª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 97-99. 227 G. N9. G4,E65:15P, C08./ +0/ 6*728#,-9,/ +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, )</;, 2006, +. 257.





76

D*" )<6* ), 0* &#/13('; G' ("í #&6% /* &-#B13('; V ), 0* :7'-A5'" 8'654)'61 A -"24)'61 ;/* !#&63; ] #/'(1. )* 8-1,* 0* (*. +:6,5'".

D" '(',. 5*/ !34 8-1"#6+1" *2*8%(;/1" 8-1,:/ 813 !"*5)*36</'" )4/* )í #--1, #--1 ñ 8*6# /* 3B<513(' ñ !' (;/'" +*61>('/1 5)* @#6)"* (*. 5"/"#-1Ö229

& !. (. !,;,-*.45P;=D ,;,@C984,* +45 657=E, ´":<,;,+7,ª230 2,*

<8.987 6.D 69328*4,* -*, 657=E, ,:45R*5-9,@*23. A5 65*=4*23 8-F +45:D

+:-2829*EC;5:D +47T5:D 69,-E,48P84,* (.D 867B9,+= ,63 45; !38;) 45 217E,

65: <, 86*29,487 +45:D B93E5:D, +4= @P+= 34,; <, 68<?;8*: S8:. 8#/)*, ;/*. #/'(1. 0* 8/;'", ;/* *2;6", &" *!"#716% % />+)* 0* 8'6#5'" 5176#/1, !'/ 0* 5$A5'" 1 A-"1., !' 0* 8;5'" ;/* *5);6"

813 '2< 0* 8'0#/:.

J* &*6#$"* 0* 8-;13/'. J1 813-, !' 0* @;6'" 8:. 2"* 8#/)* 1 &45(1. ;+'" 5$A5'" 2"* (;/*, #--% #/1"@% 0#60'", #--1. =#%. 0* 7;6'"

8#-" 64!* $*((;/*Ö

ÖGí ;/*/ !64(1 (1/#+* 5":8%-4/, *2*8%(;/1, *&*)#-%8)* 0* 5&1>9'" ("* (*/);("/% $6>5% !"%2</)*. (1/#+% )%. 8*6*(>0" 0-"((;/1

813 '2< 0#+: 5$A5'"Ö231

GPE@.;, E8 45; !. (. !,;,-*.45P;=: ´(Ö) +,; 4=; !51:B5P9= 2,* 45;

L,9:.4?2= <, 59,E,4*+487 45 4C15D 4=D -/*;=D 65987,D 45: 5 65*=4/D, C;,

+5P95:65 <513 2* 5 N8;?9=D 65: 6C<,;8 <513D /4,;.ª232

228 !. (. !,;,-*.45P;= F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/. K $%,38(/ +0/ R,349%,/. "4,*97, 811=;*25P R*R175:, )</;, 1986, +. 21. 229 )63 45 657=E, ´!1575; 8; 3X8*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 86. 230 !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, ++. 25 ñ 26. 231 )63 45 657=E, ´":<,;,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, ++. 25 - 26. 232 45: !. (. !,;,-*.45P;=, F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/. K $%,38(/ +0/ R,349%,/, 82B3+8*D "4,*97, 811=;*25P R*R175:, )</;, 1986, +. 17.





77

& 65*=4/D EC+, ,63 4*D 689*-9,@CD 45: ,@/;8* 4= @P+= ;, +:E6?+T8*

E8 45; <?;,43 45:. 'C+, ,63 E,2?R9*, 689*-9,@/, <:E?4,* 4= E?;, 45:, ,63

8287 B=1,B/ 65: >827;=+8 = S./ 45:. L?;8* ,6515-*+E3 S./D. A5 657=E,

B*,-9?@8* C;,; 2P215,

=4/1 *3)A. D" % (*/1>-* (13 813 A@'6' 8451 (' )6*$1>5*/ )* 51>68*, )* 7'22#6"* ñ < =#/*! ñ )* 2-3&# @'816),5(*)* )%. *2#8%., &" :. )451

)* 0*(8# &*" )* 8-#/*. 233

2,* 2187;8* E8 4=; 4818:4,7, +495@/ B7;5;4,D CE@,+= +4= BP;,E= 45: C9.4, ñ +45; 2,4,1:4*23 9315 4=D ,-?6=D:

F* 8'0#/: ñ 2"* ;6:)* &*0<. ("* $6*!"# 0* 8%2*,/: 5*/ í/* 4(1671 *26,(" 813 )1 )6*$#'" )1 /'6#&" ñ 0* (' 5&1>@'" 8*6#@'/1 ;/* 813-, +)38%(;/1,

% * 2 # 8 % ñ 2 ' 6 # & " Ö234

'C+, +8 86*<,;?4*, ,4E3+@,*9, 5 65*=4/D E*1? -*, 45; B*23 45:

<?;,45 T.97D ,:4/ 4= @59? = ,4E3+@,*9, ;, -7;84,* R,9*?. G45 657=E, ´[T.

B5:18*?ª, 45 65*=4*23 8-F 49,-5:B? 4*D ,61CD T,9CD 4=D S./D, -;.97S5;4,D

6.D 2?6548 <, 86C1<8* 2,* 45 R*515-*23 45: 4C15D. I+43+5, +45 6,93;

+4?B*5 ,@/;84,* 818P<895D EC+, ,63 4, R*R17, 45: ñ +,; C;,D -1?95D 65:

684?, +,; C;, 61575 65: 4,>*B8P8* E,29*?. 2-#6' (13 $6*!3/; 813 7'>2'". ñ 8-1,1,

(Ö) C%2*,/'". 5>Ö X2< '&8'5(;/1 *-*62"/4 *!;67" 513 /15)*-2"&4 '!< (;/:I ;/* $"$-,1, ;/* 7:5#&" ñ &*" 81/< ñ ("* &*(*61>-* ñ *!;67" (13 3B:(;/1.

D" 4-1 8')#.. V6* &*-A &" ;+: !13-'"# 5)1 +1>(* !< 813 $6;0&*/ 1" &*%(1, (13, #586* /* &#(: )* +635# (13 )* (*--"# &" >5)'6* /* -32,5: )1 &16(, (13.

D" *84 &1/)# ñ -',8'" *84 (*. 81); 1 5'$/)#.; ñ #+ /* 8'0#/: ;+: !13-'"# 2-#6' (13 ñ 8-1,1

;/* $6*!#&" 813 -'3&4. 5> 0* 8')#. 5*/ /#5*" )1 */1"2(;/1 (13 $"$-,1Ö235

233 )63 45 657=E, ´":<,;,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, ++. 25 - 26. 234 )63 45 657=E, ´":<,;,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, ++. 25 - 26.





78

'H3@AM4@3L >=3EIG<7C G8 ,:4/ 4=; 2,4=-597, E6595P; ;, 8;4,T<5P; 2,* 4, 65*/E,4, 4,

5657, 5 G2,97E6,D ,@*C9.;8 +8 693+.6, 45: 689*R?115;43D 45:. G45 657=E, ´L,4=-595:EC;= ñ "-C9<=4*ª 45 65*=4*23 8-F

,65+49C@84,* +45; @715 45: N*?;;= W,9R,97--5: J, )1/ ;2/1"*9' ñ 481"1. /#)*/ ñ 813 7</*@'; C1"1. )1/ í/4+-%5' /* (' &13/A5'" 5)1/ >8/1;

ñ ?!

N*6$*6,221 !"*(*6)>61(*"! J1 #! 513, *3)4 ñ 2: 0* )1 8::

?! 0* 8: ñ /* (%/ @;6: 2< ),81)*!236

N*, 45 7B*5 693+.65 +=E8*F;84,* +8 6,9C;<8+= 2?4. ,63 45; 47415

45: 65*/E,45D ´):43 ñ (,*!ª = @9?+= ´(6,#=6212 &+2 F$=110 I,#",#9882)ª. G45 7B*5 657=E, -7;84,* ,;,@59? 45: 5;3E,45D 45: !38 2,* +4=;

H3*21?#,: C4)' -1"84/ 0* 7>2'" ñ (13 ñ *84 (;5*

*3)4 )1 *-4O5)1 813-, 813 (&*" ñ (; ñ )<6*) +</'" )í */>+" )13 $*0"# &*" (13 '!;5*

ñ &" *3)A/ 813-,! ñ &*" )% !"&A (13 X-'1/<6*; &*" ñ 5)1 -*"(4 (13 ñ )13 B:("1> )%/ &*)*8"#;

ñ C1); 8"*! (Ö)

D*" ñ <5)' ñ (+:6,. 5)1/ <(1 )13, )1 '6>061- 86#5"/1 8)<(* (13 &*/',/ /* )1/ $*6*,/'") /'&64/ 0* (í ;$6'" % \*-&,!* 5í ;/* 6',061 ;6%(13 !64(13; (C4' ñ ;)5" /* 2;/'";) D*" 1>)' ñ (13 ñ ("* &%!',* &13/'/;;

M3)4 ñ /*"Ö237

235 )63 45 657=E, ´[T. B5:18*?ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 28. 236 )63 45 657=E, ´L,4=-595:EC;= ñ "-C9<=4*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 125-126. 237 )63 45 657=E, ´):43 ñ (,*!ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 140.





79

G45; !?;5 $. W,9R,97--5 ,@*89F;84,* 45 657=E, ´)7E, :63

E?+2,;ª238. L?4. ,63 45; 47415 :6?9T8* +8 6,9C;<8+= = +=E87.+= ´(+2!

'$4#2@ '2! -932! ñ +2! C=12! S. I,#",#9882!)ª. G4=; )9*+4,7, W,9R,97--5: ñ +PS:-5 45: @715: 45: N*?;;=

W,9R,97--5: ñ ,@*89F;8* 45 6,9,2?4. ,;C2B545 657=E, 45 56575 ,;,@C98* =

G. !. $.,;;7B=239. G45 657=E, ,;,@C984,* 2,* 45 3;5E, 45: -*5P 4=D !?;5:.

GPE@.;, E8 4=; G. !. $.,;;7B= ´:6?9T8* +45 657=E, C;, 89.4*23

:65;55PE8;5. H E?;, 65: 5 9315D 4=D ,;,23648* 4=; 69,-E,4*2/ 4=D

818:<897,, 4= -:;,*287, 4=D 2,4? G2,97E6, ñ :63+4,+=, 45 6C4,-E? 4=D,

-7;84,* ,27;=4= T,125E,;7,, ,;,1157.4= 3E.D, +45 4849?B*5 45: -*5: 4=Dª240. [1"84/; J" /* 513 8:; C:. 8#/: (13 8#)*' '(;/* % />5)* ñ &"í 48*!

):/ !;/)6:/ )* 7>--* 8"1 ñ 4@: ñ '/4. */;(13 )1 7>5%(* )* ;8*"6/' &*" )* '5&468*;

Jí #@*7/1 (;/* A)*/ (&*" *(;-%5*

)%/ 846)* /#+: &-',5'") 4813 ñ 8;6* ñ '5> 8')#+)%&'. 4@: &*" 5*/ (;-"55* #8-:5'. )* 7)'6# 513 5)1/ *;6*!

] 23"4. 513 1 C#/1. 5í ;8"*5' ñ !' (,-%5*.

J<6*, ('5í 5)1 )')6#!"4 513 ñ '&', 5)%/ )5;8% ñ ("*/ )13 +*-&1(*/,* 5í ;+'" = )% N*5,-"55* ):/ ('-"55</ ñ /í */1,2'" /* 5' $-;8'"Ö

H B=E5+78:+= 45: 65*/E,45D ´H 867+28X*Dª +45 689*5B*23

V$,8?1$2/241, +:;5B8P84,* E8 4= +=E87.+= 2?4. ,63 45; 47415,

´">5E513-=+= +45; J5P1= !5S*365:15ª. A5 3;5E, 45: J5P1= !5S*365:15: ,;,@C984,* 2,* +45 657=E, ´);47-

-9?EE,ª242Y 2?4. ,63 45; 47415 45: 65*/E,45D :6?9T8* +8 6,9C;<8+= =

238 !5*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 102. 239 G. !. $.,;;7B=, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, 4*9'*1, +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, O.L.W.%., %,127B, 1995, +. 153. 240 G. !. $.,;;7B=, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, 4*9'*1, +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, O.L.W.%., %,127B, 1995, +. 153. 241 689. V$,8?1$2/, 68975B5D Wí, 43E5D 1, 48PT5D 3, $5P1*5D ñ G864CER9*5D 1965, +. 137. 242 !9328*4,* -*, ,6?;4=+= 45: G2,97E6,, +45 657=E, 45: J5P1= !5S*365:15: E8 47415 F#='', 45 56575 6,9,<C4.:

N9?EE,





80

+=E87.+= ´(E+2 Z2@30 C27$(62!32)ª. !,9,<C4. 4=; 69F4= +495@/ 45

65*/E,45D: Q'/, 7,-' (í '5$>5)'". X,/*" 48:. )* /;7%, +*6)1/1-13-1>!"* &*" 5:61, 7"-"</

-8*,913/ 8*,913/ 8*,913/ &*" +)381>/ )1 /);7" 2>7)"55;. (13 1" =1,6'. !#&63:/ &*" 2'-"</.243

'8 45; J5P1= !5S*365:15 +:;BC84,* 2,* 45 657=E, ´);4,6329*+=ª244.

L?4. ,63 45; 47415 45: 65*/E,45D 87;,* +=E8*.EC;= +8 6,9C;<8+= = @9?+=

´(&* 8#='', +2! Z2@30 C27$(62!32!)ª. A5 657=E, +45 ,9T875 45: N*?;;=

(+45; N*?;;= G2,97E6,) )B81@C, B8; >C9. 45P45 45 @8--?9* +4=D 2,9B*?D 4=D ?B8*,D 4= @:95;89*? 65P<8 4?T8* @C98*, 65P<8 4?T8* 6?98* @.48*;? +4=; ?EE5 T;?9*, +,; 289*?. J7-5 69*;, 4=D BP+=D 3;8*95 = 6,1C4,, +674*,, B93E5*, BC;49,, +í C;, @.D ,T;3 2,* 8-F 49*-:9;5P+, - 25P@*, E,9*5;C4,, +6?--5* 65: +,18P5:; ,6í 45; 5:9,;3. [18-, 5 2,]EC;5D: !?. 365: 6=-,7;., +4C25E,* 365: +4C2., E3;5D 2,* -893D 2,* T.97D ;, >C9. Eí CE8*;,; ;, EC;. +45 -*,13 25:R?9* - T,945;5+.93D.

AC1*,, +6?--5*, 63B*,, TC9* ñ 8287 ñ 28@?1*, @?4+, 65: E8 -C1*5 87;,* S.-9,@*+4/. )6í 45 @?95 65P+,*, <, E6595P+8 6?1* ;?9<8* E*, +5: ,247;,, / CT8* +R:+487;

J5P1=D !5S*365:15D #3B5D 12.10.64

W1. 45 657=E, D1+98#,'', 45: N. G2., 2,* 45 F#='', &+2 F$=110 E4,#9'6, ,63 45; J5P1= !5S*365:15, +4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ I., (82B3+8*D )7-,-95D, )</;, 1968, +. 13). A5 657=E, 45: N. G2., 2,<FD 2,* 45 657=E, 45: J5P1= !5S*365:15:, :6?9T5:; 2,* +4=; 86,;C2B5+= 4.; I. (82B3+8*D L?245D, )</;, 1976, +. 11 ñ 12). G8 ,:4/ 4= +:115-/ :6?9T8* = 8>/D +=E87.+= 45: 65*=4/ -*, 45; J5P1= !5S*365:15 (+. 12): ´ J5P1=D !5S*365:15D: [;,D ?9*+45D ?;<9.65D 2,* @715D. )11?, 6956?;4.; C;,D ,6í 45:D 2,1174895:D ;85C11=;8D 65*=4CD, 65: = ´13>,ª 45: 87;,* ;, E=; -86í 5:B8;7 13-.- 18D 2,* 4= @5R?4,*! ñ <C18* 4= B=E5+*34=4,. ); 654C, /<818 *B5P; 45 @.D (E*,D G:115-/D) 5* +47T5* 45:, <, E87;5:; 21,+*257 -*, 4=; 65*34=4? 45:D 2,* 4= @39E, 45:D.ª

243 )63 45 657=E, ´);47--9?EE,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 95 ñ 96. 244 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 123.





81

G2,97E6, +4= O.L.W.%., 87;,* B,T4:15-9,@=EC;5 +8 2311, )4, E8 47415

´D6=1+0&0 &* 8#='',ª, 5 56575D 87;,* B*,-9,EEC;5D 2,* E8 +4:13 -9,EEC;5D

,63 6?;. 5 ;C5D 47415D ´D1+,6(4#$&0ª. L,* ,:43 45 @P115 R97+284,* +4,

,4,>*;3E=4, 65*/E,4, 45: 65*=4/, E8 695+.9*;/ ,97<E=+= 45 ;5PE895 -13-. G<8* 16; [1>-%, 7,-' *2*8%); (13,

5)%/ +*"6')#: &" *. (%/ ñ *3)A ñ !'/ (*. 03(#)*", )1 ,!"1 &" '5> ñ &*-; ñ +*"6;)%5; (13

)%/ )6"&3(,* 513 )13 /13, 813 4-1 (3&#)*"Ö

D*" 5*/ !34 8-1,*, )13 :&'#/'"13 *8',613, &#): *8í )í #5)6"* 7;22% )13 136*/1> (*., #/)' ñ (*9, ñ 5)". 64)'. (*. )13 1/',613

(' 6*O5(;/* (*. )* &6>5)*--* )13 /13 (*.Ö245 G4=; [18;, G49:--?9= ,6,;4? 5 65*=4/D E8 C;, 657=E,246 45: ?4*415

2,* ,;C2B545, .D 29*4*2/ -*, 45 C9-5 4=D [6( +2 -A/ +A1 6#2"23.A1. ^ *8#/)%5A (13 - 5)%/ T-'/* G)6322#6% (2"* )1 ´384 )1 7:. ):/ 861$1-;:/ª )%.)

c16):(;/% )1/ ´*(/4/ )%. 81"A5':.ª

8*)#. 5)%/ &4B" ):/ */;(:/ (í ;/*/ @'7)136"5(;/1/ *%)4

- )%/ &*6!"# 513. C'. (*.

C'. (*.

2"*), 0í *81!%(A513/ )* +;6"* 513 (+"(*"6"&# !31 813-"# ñ @;/:/ )48:/)

5í #--'. 81!";. ñ /'1551, ñ 813 *8í )% 7:-%# )13. '8;5*/Ö247

A5 657=E, ´",9*;/ +:E@.;7,ª248, 45 ,@*89F;8* 5 65*=4/D +PE@.;, E8

45 8*+,-.-*23, T8*93-9,@3 45: +=E87.E,, +4=; 2,1/ 45: @71= G4C11,

245 )63 45 657=E, ´);4,6329*+=ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 123. 246 A5 657=E, 87;,* ,;C2B545 2,* R97+284,* +4= O. L. W. %., ,9T875 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, @?2815D 4. 247 A5 657=E, 87;,* ,;C2B545 2,* R97+284,* +4= O. L. W. %., ,9T875 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, @?2815D 4. 248 A5 657=E, R97+284,* +45 ".J.$.)., ,9T8*,23 :1*23 N. G2., @?2815D 16/12 ñ 16/47, (+4=; 2,4,-9,@/ 13-54), ;5PE895 12, (13), (695C18:+= ,9T875: G6. L5227;=D).





82

M.4565P15:, E84? ,63 :63+T8+= 65: 4=D CB.+8 2,* E84? ,63 ,6,74=+= 45:

25*;5P 45:D @715: M3;4, G48@,;7B=. A5 657=E, ´)9T*4C24.;ª249 45 ,@*89F;8* +45 @715 45: V--815 '?11*5. A5 657=E, ´M*-*C44, N. !;8:E,4*25Pª -9?@4=28 E8 ,@59E/ 45 <?;,45

4=D ;8,9/D M*-*C44,D, ,63 4=; "PR5*,. ´H 1*-3S.= M*-*C44, N. !;8:E,4*25P

(1900 ñ 1934), ,63-5;5D 4.; L9*8SF4=B.; ,63 6,4C9, 4=D 2,* 4.;

AS,R811,7.; ,63 4= E=4C9, 4=D, -8;;/<=28 +4=; A9*?B, ":R57,D. A5

R,64*+4*23 4=D /4,; L,11*36=, ,11? 34,; ,;?--8*1,; 4= -C;;=+/ 4=D +45;

6,4C9, 4=D E8 4= @9?+= cí est une filliette, 8287;5D ,65@?+*+8 34* C4+* C69868 6*, ;, 4=; 1C;8, M*-*C44,. U.;4,;/ 2,* 68<,EC;=, /4,; 5 7+2*5D 45: G2,97E6,.

'P9*,E %362*;D J?Q, L?* ñ A+5:, ',79= O86?;5:, (7;, O513>,, V;;,-E681 J/, [1*S8 ',7=1:, &:1,15PE 2,*, 6956?;4.;, = L:9? 45: 6P9-5: +45 K875

A9,-7, B8; /4,; 6,9? 5;5E,4*2CD E84,E@*C+8*D 8287;=D, 4=D *B,;*2? E:+4/9*,D

2,* E5;,B*2/D. G4=; K!3,32@' (1936) 45 69F45, 5:+*,+4*2?, 657=E, 4=D

+:115-/D 4*415@59874,* "M*-*C44, N. !;8:E,4*25P", 2,* 5 ),#$='6,/ (1935) ,@*89F;84,* "+45; *893 7+2*5 4=D M*-*C4,D N. !;8:E,4*25P, 4=D -1:2P4,4=D

L:9?D 65: ñ S.;4,;/ ñ E5: 45 8;C6;8:+8".ª250 G4=; 65*/49*, #74, '65PE= E8 4=; 5657, 87T,; @*1*2CD +TC+8*D

,@*89F;8* 5 G2,97E6,D 45 657=E, ´[9.4,D S.-9?@5Dª251 2,* 45 657=E, 65:

5 7B*5D T,9,24=97S8* ´68S549?-5:B5ª ´&* +@:-E57 4=D +*-/D E5:ª252.

249 );C2B545 657=E,. W97+284,* +4= O. L. W. %., @?2815D 4. & V--815D '?11*5D +45; 56575; ,@*C9.+8 45 657=E, /4,; ,9T*4C245;,D 2,* @715D 45: N. G2. 36.D ,;,@C984,* +8 *B*3T8*95 +=E87.E, 45: 65*=4/ (+45; 7B*5 @?2815). 250 HE89513-*5 1997, E!88#,-*9/ &+2 ;#(12. F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D. 251 W1. 45 657=E, +4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, ++. 38 ñ 39. %,9,24=9*+4*2/ 87;,* = +2=;/ ,;?-;.+=D 45: 65*/E,45D 65: 689*-9?@8* 5 N*F9-5D !,6,+4?E5D +45 R*R175 45: E4,#9'6,/ (82B3+8*D N*?;;=D W,+BC2=D, )</;,, 1986, ++. 174 ñ 175.): ´- [1,, C1, @F;,>,; 315* +49,EEC;5* 695D 45 <1*EEC;5 25974+*, ;, E,D 68*D 45; ´[9.4, S.-9?@5ªÖ L?;8 E*, 6,9,-TF9=+=, +6?+8 4=; ;4956/Ö '= @5R?+,* 45; O?@;=Ö

- A9C>8 ;, 695@4?+8*D, +:;CT*+8 5 JC.; L5:25P1,D ñ @594.EC;5D ´(74+8ª, 4348D 45; E84C@9,S8 ñ 2,* ;í ,651,P+8*D 4=; +4*-E/ = E3;= 87;,* 31.; E,D 689*5:+7,, EC+, +45 T.97D 86,P9*5; GPE6,;. L,* E8 E*,D, +,; ;, 15:15PB*+8; 5 L3+E5D, 513-:9,Y 5* +47T5* 2P1=+,; E5:+*257, EC+í ,6í 4í 513-1:25 +43E, 4=D )*E*17,D, E8 E*, E,S7 45: -9,EE5@F;5: :63295:+=, E81.B7,D +48;,T4*2/D. L* ?@=;8 315:D E84C.95:D, +í C;, ?B8*5 +PE6,;, 365: = E3;= 2,<=E89*;/ 2* ,*F;*, 69,-E,4*234=4, /4,; 5 ´[9.4,DÖ S.-9?@5Dª, 5 ,T;3D 2,* +*-,13@.;5D, +,; 45:D +47T5:D: A5 657=E, ,:43 87;,* ,@*89.EC;5 +4=; 65*/49*, #74, '65PE=.

(6,9?<8+= 65*/E,45D.)





83

G4= #C;, L,9<,75: ,@*89F;8* 45 657=E, ´A5 >?@;*,+E,ª253.

& W?9;,1=D +=2F<=28; 39<*5D T8*952954F;4,D. G7E.+8 E84? 2,* @71=+8 45 25974+* +4, T871= ñ ,T ,:43D 5 E689E6?4=D 2,* E,9-*31=D ñ 2,* 45 N*?;;= +45 61,4P 45: -1C@,95Ö !897E8;8 2* 5 65*=4/D 45; ,+6,+E3 45:Y E*, 2,* +45; ´[9.4, S.-9?@5 45:ª 4=; -:;,72, ñ +,; 45 W?9;,1= 2* ,:43D ñ B8; 4=; /<818 '5P+, 2,* H-897,. !954*E5P+8 ;, 45: 898<7S8* 4= +?92,, 6,9? 4= +2CX=. G:E@.;5P+,; 2,* 5* B:5 45:D +45 6.D: VE, 18D +:;CT8*, +8 E*, -:;,72,, 34* 4=; 824*E?D 4=; <7-8*D.. L* ,:457 B8; 824*E5P+,;Y ,-,65P+,;Ö !C9í ,6í 31, ,:4? 5* +47T5* 8287;5* 45: G2,97E6,, P+489í ,6í 4=; ,6,--817, 45:D ?@=+,; +4=; X:T/ 2?65*, E81,-T517, 2,* <17X= ,;?1,@9=, E, 2,* 45; +6,9,-E3 E*,D P6,9>=D, 65: 9*-87 2,* E,9-F;8* 2,4?E5;=, ,6í 45; ,2,4,;72=45 68*9,+E3 45: +,9231=645: 57+495:.ª 252 !9328*4,* -*, 1:9*2? 68S549?-5:B, ñ 8>/;4, 689765: ñ 65: 654C B8; 82B3<=2,;. L?65*, ,63 ,:4? B=E5+*8P4=2,; +4=; 8@=E897B, H@#$62/ (21.9.í31), +81. 1, ,9. @. 2 (807), 28.11.í31, +. 1, ,9. @. 2 (808), 5.12.í31, +. 1). O=E5+*8P4=2,; 867+=D +45 689*5B*23 P!43=%*/, ,9. @. 7, 1.12.í30, +. 74 ñ 77. [;, E3;5 68S549?-5:B5 ,@*89F;84,* +4=; M*-*C44, !;8:E,4*25P 2,* B=E5+*8P84,* +45; H!"2J4( P5#!4,, ,9. @. 11, 10.12.í34, +. 2. 253 );C2B545. [T8* B=E5+*8:<87 +45 689*5B*23 C1*!',+$45 BA5, )</;,, 15 ',9475: 1954, +. 432 2,* +4=; C#22%*!+$45 H@"2$,, ,9. @. 141, 6.10.í77, +. 2





84

3. ,@A3OG99=C ñ 5<I;4H53A5 ;>=B :3C=QC<53 <5 >A;47>5. ,@A36A5HJL R7A3MC / >;9@7C

G45:D B93E5:D 4=D %,127B,D >8TP;5;4,* 4, B=E*5:9-/E,4, 45: 65*=4/,

R-,7;5:; ,63 45:D +47T5:D 45:D 365: 4, 4565<C4=+8 5 B=E*5:9-3D 45:D, 2,*

B=E*5:9-5P; E7, E6?;4, E8 ,9T=-3 45; 65*=4/. &* 8,:45P1=B8D B87T;5:; 4=;

631= 4=D %,127B,D .D 45 ´G4?B*5 B3>=Dª 45:. "287 365: ´E3;5 ,:43D />898

;, ?9T8*ª: D"í :. *684/)*. (' (í ;$2*-*/ 5%&:)4/ *8í )%/ 84-% ((' &*(81>6'. &"í *--1,0:61"ñ (' 5)6*$A #--* *6,!*)

4-* '&', (' )6"2>6"5*/ &*" (' !',@*/ ñ +*+4-1" &', $*0'"#, )% \*-&,!*:

Ö!"#$%&' (*")6 ñ (13 7:/#@*/' ñ )% \*-&,!*, )%/ ',!'. 4813 5> (;5í 5)* 7#-)5* 513 (4/1/, A@'6'. /#6+'".;

H# )* ;62* 513, 1" 8401" 513 ñ 4-1" '(',. ñ 7*513-A!'., /# &*" 5> 0"*5#6+%.!...

(Ö)

A)*/ &', -'. &*" +),5)%&' (' 2-*6A &"(:-,* 460"1 % 84-% -'-;&"Ö

(Ö) D" :. 5)* 8#-&* % 7#)5* (13 2'-*5)A 0* 861$*,/'"

(#+ &" % 8642&* ñ ), !4@* (13!... ñ 5í 136*/1>. 0* (' 5>6'") % \*-&,!* '&', 8,5: (13 0* 7*/)#9'" +)"5(;/%

5*/ *84 ñ )'(8'5,6"Ö254 H 631= -7;84,* TF95D :65B5T/D 45: 65*=4/ 2,* 4.; B=E*5:9-=E?4.; 45:. H

7B*, 631= 65: 2:9*51824*2? 45; 2,4CR,+8 T,E=1? ,11? 2,* 45; ,;CR,+8 +4,

5:9?;*,, +8 ,:43 45 657=E, E84,E59@F;84,* +8 +4?B*5 +45 56575 5

B=E*5:9-3D -;.97S8* 4=; ,631:4= B3>,. N*, 3+, 45; 8;C6;8:+8 = 631= 4=D

%,127B,D ;, +:--9?X8*, 4=D 4, 86*+49C@8* ñ +,; 8:T,9*+478D - E8 ,:43 45

657=E,, 86*49C65;4?D 4=D ;, -7;8* 45 +4?B*5 4=D B3>=D 45:. G2*,-9,@874,* =

+TC+= ´B5P;,* 2,* 1,R87;ª 65: 87T8 E8 4=; 631= 45:. V11.+48 65: ,115P <,

E6595P+8 ;, +48@,;.<87 E8 47415:D ;72=D 5 65*=4/D 8243D ,63 8287 365:

8E6;8P+4=28Y +4=; 631= 4=; 5657, 89.48P<=28.

254 !57=E, ´G4?B*5; B3>=Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 187 ñ 88.





85

H S./ +4=; 631= -7;84,* 6,9?+4,+= +8 <C,495 +2*F;Y 4, 693+.6?

4=D 87;,* 5* 69.4,-.;*+4CD: G)1 &*)#7:)1 ñ ), :6*,* ñ 8#/" (*., /* 861$*,/13(', D*6*2&"49% (13, #+! ),; #+! ), (;0%, :. &637# 0* &"/', (*. /# 8%2*,/13(' ñ % 9:A ñ 8%!%+)1,!

?+! ), /#/*"; D*6*2&"49% (13: ´X"5A-01/ '". )%/ 84-"/ ñ /* 6:)#. (*. ñ -%5)*,,

1" !' &#)1"&1" ((* 81"1" &#)1"&1";) '@A-01/ *8í )". )6>8'.!ª ((* 81"'. )6>8'.;) \6"5);!

D*" 81"* 84-".; J% 7*/)#5)%. 5' +/#6"* 8# 5)%/ 8#/* &*67")5:(;/%, 6"2A,

*8í )* 48"50'/ /* )% 7;2213/ -3+/#6"* &*" 5)13 #/'(13 )". 8/1;. /* -32',; 255

G45 657=E, Ćomedia dellí arteª = 631= CT8* -*, 2,45725:D

;8:93+6,+4, ,;B987281,. H 631= 87;,* 2,9@*4+.EC;= 6?;. +8 6,;7Y

E84,E59@F;84,* >,;? EC+, ,63 45:D +47T5:D 45: 65*=4/. !7+. ,63 45;

E689;4C 5 6,7T4=D 2*;87 4, ;/E,4, 2,* 597S8* 4= E579, 4.; ,;<9F6*;.;

E59@F;. G45 61/<5D 4.; ,;B987281.; 8;4?++8* 2,* 45; 8,:43 45: 45 65*=4*23

8-F: D*" 1" &#)1"&1"; D6'(*5(;/1" ñ < ), 0#(*! ñ

5í ;/* 58#221, 8613("5(;/1", 6"+)1,, +*>/1" &" #/*3!1" /* -"&/,91/)*" */)#(* &" 4-1" ñ '8,8'!1" ñ /* (36,913/ +*6),;

(Ö) V *3)4 0#/*"!...D*" !'/ 0#/*"! D13/# (*. 8,5: 1 8*,+)%. ñ &" 48:. )48': (Ö) 1" &*6!";. (*. 5)1 58*0, 8'6*5);.,

&*" 4-13. ñ &*" 84-% &*" 81-,)'. &*" &-;7)'. (5)* @3-#&"* (*. &*67:(;/13. 76"+)#) 256

):4/ = 631= ñ 481?95 -*, <C,495 +2*F;, 87;,* 2,<9C@4=D 4=D

69,-E,4*2/D 631=D 4=D %,127B,D: #+! ),. 1,!' )%. 9:A. 81"1" &*06;7)'.

&*06'7),913/ (*. ñ )%. *2#8%. 57*+)#Ö257 255 )63 45 657=E, Ćomedia Dellí arteª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 97-99. 256 )63 45 657=E, Ćomedia Dellí arteª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 97-99.





86

H 689*-9,@/ 4.; B93E.; B7;84,* +,; ;, 69328*4,* -*, 67;,2,

S.-9,@*2/D, ,11? E8 ´S,R/ 6,1C4,ª ,63 C;,; ´E8<:+EC;5ª C9.4, S.-9?@5. ] ;6:)*. 9:26#71. &*" 9*$A % 8*-;)* !;/)6*, !64(13., 58,)"*, )#&*(' 4-* '&', -48:. ('035(;/1. 0*, )% 5&1>7"* '8;)*- 4-* (' )*(81>6-1 &*" &1/)4 $6*&,. 258

H 65*=4*2/ S.-9,@*? = 5657, ,65B7B8* 4=; 631= 4=D %,127B,D

,6,;4?4,* 2,* +45 657=E, ´[9.4,D S.-9?@5Dª259. G)* 5$%5)# &*" 5)í *(,-%)* /* 8%2*,/:. F* )6;('"

% \*-&,!* ñ &*)#6*)% ñ ;/* (#)51 8-%2;., A5*/ +6<(* )* 58,)"* )%., 91326*7";. 1" */;(1"

&*" 1" !64(1" (812";.!

=*0%)1>!" (13 1 ;6:)*. (;5í 5)". 61>2'. &1/)# (13 &',, 9:26#71. '(#0*"/' (' 8*-;)* )6'-A,

5)". (812";. 48:. ;7)*/' '$13)1>5' &*" /# (13 % 9:A 8*6!*-AÖ

J1 58")#&" )%. &4&&"/1 )4+' $#B'", &*" 2&6,9* )* 236)# 8*6*0>6"* )13 ñ !34 26*((;. (1-3$, ',+' 5>6'" 2"* ()#+*)".) &38*6,5*, *8í )% 6,9*,

(;5í 5' 74/)1 (*$,.260

H %,127B, -7;84,* 4365D E81,-T517,D 2,* ;5+4,1-7,D. A5 65*=4*23 8-F

ñ 4,:4*+EC;5 E8 45; 65*=4/ 87;,* 5 <1*EEC;5D 6*89345D 4=D. X,+* 8'" 2"* 84-% (' 58*5(;/13. !64(13. &*" 2"* 81> /* 7>5*' ñ )#+* ñ ',8* 1 H4)1.

(Ö) D*" 8:. )#+* % 84-% (<, ), +64/"* '&',/*!)

/#)*/ % \*-&,!* 5)* 2%);(*)# )%. ñ ("* &" *3)A 0-"((;/% ñ )#+* ñ &1-1(8,/* &*" /* &-*,: '2< 5)* 24/*)# )%.Ö

(Ö) 257 )63 45 657=E, ´Comedia Dellí arteª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 97-99. 258 )63 45 657=E, ´);47--9?EE,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 95 ñ 96. 259 )63 45 657=E, ´[9.4,D S.-9?@5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 38 ñ 39. 260 )63 45 657=E, ´[9.4,D S.-9?@5Dª,, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 38 ñ 39.





87

G&;7)1(*" 8:. 0*>(* ',5*" ;)5" :. ',5*" (; &*8;-1 &-413/, < \*-&,!* ñ :. )4)' ñ /* (13 -;. &-*(;/%; C"'64)' 9A5', 9A5' ñ (%/ 8'0*,/'". C"'64))'Ö261

H#/í 58*5(;/1" 1" !64(1", /* 735#'" 1 /4)1. &" '2< &*)*(1/#+1. &*" /* -;:: ), 84-%!262

J<6*; C4-% )6;(: )* 2%);(*)# 513

&" ',(*" *&4(* :6*,1. 5*/ )1 =#% (A/*, &6,(*, -;:, 0-"((;/% /#5*" &1-1(8,/* &*" /* &-*,: '2< 5)* 24/*)# 513.

T)5" /#/í 58*5(;/1", /* 735# *8í )1 /4)1 &*" (' 8,-1 &-413/ /* 2'-#., \*-&,!*:

?+, /'&64/ 5)1 +<(* ñ /* 7:/#9'". ñ ',!* ;/*/ (13 *&4(% 8"'64)1!... 263

A5 +45*T875 45: <,;?45: +4=; 631= 4=D %,127B,D 6958*25;7S84,* ,63

45 65*=4*23 8-F 65: E*1? -*, 45; B*23 45: <?;,45: D*" ñ <5)' ñ (+:6,. 5)1/ <(1 )13, )1 '6>061- 86#5"/1 8)<(* (13 &*/',/ /* )1/ $*6*,/'") /'&64/ 0* (í ;$6'" % \*-&,!* 5í ;/* 6',061 ;6%(13 !64(13; (C4' ñ ;)5" /* 2;/'";) D*" 1>)' ñ (13 ñ ("* &%!',* &13/'/;;

M3)4 ñ /*"Ö264 "67+=D:

(Ö)(; &*8;-1 &-413/, < \*-&,!* ñ :. )4)' ñ /* (13 -;. &-*(;/%; C"'64)' 9A5', 9A5' ñ (%/ 8'0*,/'". C"'64))'Ö265

"67+=D = 689*-9,@/ 4.; TF9.;: ÖGí ;/*/ !64(1 (1/#+* 5":8%-4/, *2*8%(;/1, *&*)#-%8)* 0* 5&1>9'" ("* (*/);("/% $6>5% !"%2</)*. (1/#+% )%. 8*6*(>0" 0-"((;/1

261 !57=E, ´& !*89345Dª, 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 100-101). 262 )63 45 657=E, ´%,127B,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 20-21. 263 )63 45 657=E, ´%,127B,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 20-21. 264 )63 45 657=E, D!+( ñ N,$!, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 140. 265 !57=E, ´& !*89345Dª,, 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 100-101).





88

813 '2< 0#+: 5$A5'"Ö266

H 689*-9,@/ 4=D 631=D +,; <513 3;8*95 87;,* +:T;3 E547R5 +4=

+2,9*E6*2/ 657=+=. G:;,;4?E8 ,:43 45 E547R5 +45:D 6,9,2?4. +47T5:D ,63 45 657=E, ´H 631=ª. Z6.D +T517,+8 2,* 5 !. (. !,;,-*.45P;=D,

+:;B:?S5;4,D 4=; 689*-9,@/ 4=D 651*487,D E8 45 89.4*23 +45*T875, ´E8D 4,

89.4*2? 45: 3;8*9, 45; 2:;=-? 6?1* = %,127B,, 87;,* ?11.+48 7+.D 5

E5;,B*23D 4=D ,-,6=EC;5D 65*=4/D.ª267 ^ C1-")',* % -,0"/% ñ 160A 18)*5,* ):/ 74/):/ ñ

)4)', 5&37)A !6*8;)"55* 5)13. !64(13. )13. 5$%5)1>., 0#7'32' (*/)#(* ñ */#$1/)*. 5)* +#% ):/ 16"94/):/) )* 7<)* )%. ñ +635;. 7:)";. ñ 1/',613 '". )13. "5)1>..268

A5 89.4*23 +45*T875 87;,* ?99=24, +:;B8B8EC;5 E8 4=; 631= 4=D %,127B,D:

Y;(*)* 813 )* 8,5)'3* ñ &*" 8451!... ñ )* +#/"* 8>621", 1" &4)'. )%. 61(#/)9*: *8í )% \*-&,!* ,5"* 5)1 J1$4551,

\*-&,!* - =#/)9*!... (Ö)

V Q;581"/* ):/ G)1+*5(</ (13, /;*, ,!"1 )1 @>-1 ñ *"</"* ñ &*" 1" /',-'..

=#/)9* A \*-&,!*, M22;-: A Q13-)5"/;* í26#7')í *--A-'.. 269

H 631= 4=D %,127B,D -7;84,* +2548*;3 @3;45. "*25;565*874,* +,; 631=

65: ´25*E?4,*ª 4= ;PT4,, 631= +*.6=1/. A5 E3;5 65: @.47S8* 45; TF95 87;,*

C;, R,639* E8 ,;,EEC;, 4, @F4, 45:: &*" (*. 8645('/' (' 7<)* */*7)#

)1 $*846".

=*. '8645('/' \#!... ñ )* 7<)* )* 7<)* )* 7<)* ñ

266 )63 45 657=E, ´":<,;,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., ++. 25 ñ 26. 267 !?;5D (. !,;,-*.45P;=D, F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/. K $%,38(/ +0/ R,349%,/. "4,*97, 811=;*25P R*R175:, )</;, 1986, +. 24. 268 )63 45 657=E, ´H 631=ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 127. 269 )63 45 657=E, ´)--C1.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 83.





89

&*" &1"(4)*/ 5)%. />+)*. )* $>0"* % \*-&,!* 5$%5)# ñ 270

.Q4E (689*-9,@CD @:+*2F; 4567.;)

A, +45*T87, 4=D @P+=D ,2515:<5P; 4, 693+.6, 4.; +2,9*E6*2F;

+47T.; +4*D T,9CD 45:D 2,* +4=; 65987, 45:D +4= S./. !,9?11=1,, =

´;2#*@+#, -@&0ª E8 8;B:E,+7, 65: +:;,;4?E8 +8 693+.6, 4.;

+2,9*E6*2F; +47T.; ´'* 6932 &+2 4*-=3$ª, 8;,9E5;7S84,* E8 4, :6,9>*,2?

89.4/E,4, 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F +45 657=E, ´& 2,E65P9=Dª ñ ´X2< ),; G)%

9:A, ;+: $"*5)', /#60: )#+* / A *62A5'";ª271:

D*" 8#(' */)#(*. J, &*-#! D*)48" '6+4/)*" 1" #--1" ñ &" #--* 2*)"#, &" #--* 813-"#!... C-#/* +16'>)6* % 7>5%,

A (' 136# A (' 7)'6# A 8,-1 5)1 &'7#-", $"#5)%&' /* (*. 7;6'" '!< A )#+* /#+'" *62A5'";272

H @P+= 8;,9E5;7S84,* E8 4=; 89.4*2/ ,65-5/48:+= 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F:

D-#B*)' &#(81" &*" $13/# &-#7)' &*" 5',. !'/!6#&"* '&',/% !'/ (' *2*8# !*&6,5*)' 813-#&"*273.

H ,-;34=4, +4=; 689*-9,@/ 4=D @P+=D, 6,9,6CE68* +4=; ?<*T4= ñ

,-;/ 256C1, 2,* +45; +:+T84*+E3 @P+=D ñ -:;,72,D: D*" 5',. !'/!6#&"* 5)*,. !615"*,. &*" 5)13. */01>. 8/"2(;/* 813 5)* &-*!"# 513 % -*-"# ):/ *%!1/"</ */)"-*-# )<6* &*" 5',. 8'/0A5*)' (' )* 813-"# &*U(;/* (*6#0%)' 2"*)í % 2-3&'"# 8*60;/* !'/ (' *2*8#.274

270 )63 45 657=E, ´H O8+65*;7D J. !.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 46-47. 271 !57=E, ´& 2,E65P9=Dª, ,63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 61-62). 272 )63 45 ´H 49?4,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 80-81. 273 )63 45 657=E, ´L1?X,48ª. );C2B545. O=E5+*8:EC;5 +45 689. D1>?1, C45D )_, 4T. 7, 7.5.1910, +. 6.





90

A, ;89?, 4, B?+= 59*5<845P; 45 689*R?115; EC+, ,63 45 56575 <,

>8695R?18* = -:;,*287, 5;8*9*2/ E59@/ ñ E5P+, 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F: E)*/ 5* /* 5' 8645('/* D'6# *84B' 813 !'/ ;8/'' 4@: */#5*, &" ;-'2*: F#60'" *84B' *8í )* /'6#

&" *84 )* !#5*,275

H E:9.B*? 4=D @P+=D, ,65B7B8* 4= 95E,;4*2/ ,7+<=+= 45: 65*=4*25P

8-F: &*" 0* (36,9'" 7<)* &*" $61+A

&*" /'"4 7'22#6"Ö276

H @P+= +:E6?+T8* E8 4*D E81,-T51*2CD B*,<C+8*D @C9;5;4,D +45 ;5: 4=

95E,;4*2/ :65R51/ 4.; E81,-T51*2F; B*,<C+8.;: H#/í *76#)1. 1 )481. &" % *&)A /'&6"&A

2>6: 2>6:, (Ö)

H#/í % 0#-*55* #B3+% &*" )* B#6"* /'&6# ñ ;)5" /#/*"! ñ

&*" )* $6#+"* &*)#8-%+)* &*" )í *5);6"* (*&6"# /* &3))#/'Ö

(Ö) &" ;)5" &1>7"1 &" *&,/%)1 (;5í 5' />+)'. $13$;.,

)1 7'22#6". (Ö)

T)5" /#(*" &*6#$" 2&6'("5(;/1, /'&64 ñ ;)5" /#(*" ñ

5í *((13!"# 8'0*(;/% &*" 5' &1>7"1 /'64, /* &1"(#(*"Ö277

274 )63 45 657=E, ´L1?X,48ª. );C2B545. O=E5+*8:EC;5 +45 689. D1>?1, C45D )_, 4T. 7, 7.5.1910, +. 6. 275 )63 45 657=E, ´&:1,15PEª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71 - 73). 276 )63 45 657=E, ´&:1,15PEª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71 - 73). 277 )63 45 657=E, ´G6,+EC;5 2,9?R*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., +. 44.





91

H @P+= ,;4*695+.68P8* 45; C9.4,Y C9.4,D 3T* ,6,9,74=4, ,6C;,;4*

+8 E*, <=1:2/ P6,9>= ,11? ,6C;,;4* +8 2?4* 65: 45: ?11,>8 4= S./ 36.D =

B=E*5:9-*234=4, / = 657=+= (597S5;4,D 45 657=E, +8 657=E, 65*=4*2/D). S5* í+* /#6013/ A5*/ !<: )* B#6"*, 1" *32;., )í *(8;-"*, 8#5* ;/* (' )%/ );+/% )13, &#0' ;/* 5' ("* 5)6#)*: ] =#%. /í */0,9'" )* &-*6"#, )í #/0% /* &#/13/ (;-"* &*" )í #5)6* &', 5)1/ 136*/4, 4-* (*9, ("* )6#)*.

(Ö) D" A60'. '5>! D*" /# % 9:A @'7'>2'" )13 5&181> )%.,

2"* 5;/* 1 =#%. )<6í */0',, &"551, &6'(#/ 5)13. )1,+13. &" '2< +:6,. &"$<)"1/ &*" !,+:. 8"* ´'/ )1>)1".Öª

(/;5&: )* )5*-"(#&"* 513 /* &#/: 7:. &*" 5),+13.Ö278

H @P+= +:ER?118* +4=; 689*-9,@/ E7, E8115;4*2/D 86*<,;?4*,D

,4E3+@,*9,D, +:-2829*EC;, +4=; 86*<,;?4*, ,4E3+@,*9, 65: 689*-9?@8* 45

65*=4*23 8-F -*, 45; B*23 45: <?;,45: S8:. 8#/)*, ;/*. #/'(1. 0* 8/;'", ;/* *2;6", &" *!"#716% % />+)* 0* 8'6#5'" 5176#/1, !'/ 0* 5$A5'" 1 A-"1., !' 0* 8;5'" ;/* *5);6"

813 '2< 0* 8'0#/:.

J* &*6#$"* 0* 8-;13/'. J1 813-, !' 0* @;6'" 8:. 2"* 8#/)* 1 &45(1. ;+'" 5$A5'" 2"* (;/*, #--% #/1"@% 0#60'", #--1. =#%. 0* 7;6'"

8#-" 64!* $*((;/*Ö (Ö)

F* 8'0#/: ñ 2"* ;6:)* &*0<. ("* $6*!"# 0* 8%2*,/: 5*/ í/* 4(1671 *26,(" 813 )1 )6*$#'" )1 /'6#&" ñ279

S3IGC35 / 4<5DI=? / >9=?5 / :9?I5 <5F3K3=Q ( - HB68L) A5 +45*T875 4=D -!85/ 87;,* 7+.D ,:43 65: ñE8 ,7+<=+= 8*9.;87,Dñ

E65987 ;, 18T<87 34* 2#$2>*+*9 4=; 657=+= 45: G2,97E6,. H @:-/ E8 45 2,9?R*

/ E8 45 49,7;5, = ,;,E5;/ +45:D +4,<E5PD -*, C;, 4,>7B* 69,-E,4*23 /

61,+E,4*23, 45: 65*=4/, 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F / 45: ,;<9F65:-65*=4/ 87;,*

43+5 +:T;3 E547R5 3+5 2,* = ,;?-2= 45: G2,97E6, -3+5 R9*+234,; 8; S./- ;, >8@P-8* ,63 4, 39*, 45P45: 45: 23+E5:.

278 )63 45 657=E, ´)11,-/ 86,--C1E,45Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., +. 120. 279 )63 45 657=E, ´":<,;,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., ++. 25 ñ 26.





92

!51157 87;,* 5* 13-5* -*, 45:D 56575:D 45 82?+4548 4,>7B* E,4,*F;84,*.

!,95:+*?S84,* 45 ,2:RC9;=45 2,9?R*, 45 56575 C@:-8 2,* B8; 2,4?@898 45

65*=4*23 8-F ;, 86*R*R,+487 868*B/ CT,+8 45 8*+*4/9*5: H#/*" 5*/ /#(13/ ;)1"(1.. D*" /#/*" 5*/ /#+: +#5'" )1 '"5")A6"1. ]" &#$1" /í *761&18#/, &" 1" *761, /* )1 &13/#/'

(;5í 5)13. &*8/1>. )13 ñ 46/"1 ñ ;/* &*6#$". (Ö)

]" $*6&*6;1"!... J1 '"5")A6"1!... H* )6;('" ñ 9*2#6" '/)4. (13 ñ % \*-&,!* &*" )* 46%. D" '&', /* )4+13/ 53/'8#6'" 1" */;(1"

(');:61 ñ (;. 5)". *+-;. )13 ñ )1 $*846"Ö (Ö)

D*" +:6,. 7<)*. M&3$;6/%)1! D*" 4-1 /* +-"(")6#'" 5)1 +#1.. D" :. 0* &-*,:

ñ &" 4-*. /* B#+/13(*", /* B#+/13(*" 5)1 (<-1 &" 4-1 2"* &',/1 )1 '"5")A6"1 /* -;:Ö280

A5 2,9?R* -7;84,* +45*T875 E8 45 56575 <C18* ;, 4,:4*+487 45 65*=4*23

8-F +45 657=E, ´'3;5 B:5 +47T5:Dª, 3E.D E8 6,9?65;5 B*,6*+4F;8* 34* B8;

2,4,@C9;8* ;, 4,:4*+487 E8 ,:43 65: <,:E?S8*: &*" 0* (*2'>'" 8*/)1)'"/# ;/* 8-1,1 4)*/ 5)1 0#(81.

(Ö) =4/1/ '2<, (4/1/ '2<, 81); !'/ A(13/ 8-1,1281

H 689*-9,@/ 45: R,659*5P 65: 4,>*B8P8* E8 689789-= +*.6=1/

B:;,E*2/ +:;,;4?4,* +45 657=E, ´H 631=ª. H G. !. $.,;;7B= ,;,@C98* 4,

8>/D: ´H 8*23;, 45: 2,9,R*5P. A5 2,9?R* 65: @8P-8* +*-? +*-? +8 86768B=

<?1,++,. A5 2,9?R* 45: G2,97E6, B8; 4,>*B8P8* 654C +8 49*2:E7,. M8P-8*

R5:R3 ,63 45 1*E?;*. '31*D >827;=+8 / 689*EC;8* +*.6=13 ;, >82*;/+8*. &

69559*+E3D 45: 87;,* ?-;.+45D. L9PR8* 4=; ,6816*+7, 45: ,65T.9*+E5P.

L9PR8* 4=; 818:<897,. A=; 818:<897, T.97D 8*23;8D, .D -8;*23489= C;;5*,.ª282

F#)*/ :6*,* */ í6+4)*/' @*/# &'"4 )1 $*846" /;6"/% ñ 8,5: ñ *7A/1/)*. &16!;-* &*" *-*764 &" */#7:)1 (;5í 5)% 5"2A )%. />+)*. /* '861+<6'"

280 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 8*+*4/9*5ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., +. 53-54. 281 )63 45 657=E, ´'3;5 B:5 +47T5:Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 18. 282 G. !. $.,;;7B=, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, (Ö), O.L.W.%., %,127B, 1995, +. 93.





93

(' ("* 5)%/ 8-<6% )13 ñ */1"+)A ñ $'/)#-"* *84 *764283

G45:D 6,9,2?4. +47T5:D, 45 R,639* +2*,-9,@874,* E8 6*;81*CD 493E5:.

A5 65*=4*23 8-F B8; 86*R*R?+4=28. ); 2,* 495E529,4/<=28 34,; 45 87B8,

8;45P45*D 1:6/<=28 34,; 45 CT,+8 868*B/ CT,+8 2,* 4=; 8:2,*97, 45: ;, @P-8*

C>. ,63 4, 39*, 45: 23+E5:. (Ö) (;5* 5)%/ *+-> )13 ñ 462"1 ñ )1 $*846"

&" A(8' 5"2*/# (;5í 5)1 -"(#/".

J1 $*846", ',8* (' B3+A 5&"*2(;/%, (Ö)

)#+* 81"4/ /í *68#@'" ;+'" ;60'" &*" 8615(;/'" (13+)'64 &*" !4-"1, *84 !< &#):;

E)*/ (13 )1 0#661. ;/)61(1 ñ &*" 4(:.

(*>6'. 381B,'. ;+: '/)4. (13 ñ @;6: ñ ;/*. &6>7"1. 0* (' 7;6'" !64(1.

4@í *84 )* 46"* )13 &45(13.

?+ !35)3+"5(;/1. ;&-*"2* 4-% />+)* )". 861')1"(*5,'. &#/1/)*. )13 ?!% &" 4-1 )1 $*846" 6'>1/)*/ &" *->+)* ñ >*"/* )37-A ñ (;5í 5)1 5&1)#!".

(Ö) ?+ ), '3&*"6,* 81>+*5* /* 7>2: 4@í *84 46"* )13 &45(13!... 284

"67+=D:

J,81)* ñ ),81)*!... =* 8<. ;)5í A)*/, 8<. (13 '7#/% *3)4 )1 8-1,1; G)#0%&' *(,-%)1 (í 4B% 76"+)A

&"í ;732'- :. )47'6' % D36# (13 % )6;--* ('. 5)1 -"(#/"- *3)A 813 8*,6/1/)#. (' *84 )1 +;6" (' 8'68*)',Ö285

H G. !. $.,;;7B= ,;,@C98* 4, 8>/D .D B*?29*+= -*, 45 E547R5 45:

R,659*5P / 61575: / 2,9,R*5P: I,6(#$: A89?+4*5, 86*R1=4*23, E,P95,

283 )63 45 657=E, ´H 631=ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 127. 284 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 R,639*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 30-31. 285 )63 45 657=E, ´H L:9? E5: = 49C11,Öª. O=E5+*8:EC;5 +45 2:69*,23 689*5B*23 :, N., H3301$4=, 4.T. 1, $,;5:?9*5D 1952, +. 15. W97+284,* 2,* +45 ,9T8*,23 :1*23 N. G2., ".J.$.)., @?2815D 16/12 ñ 16/47 (+4=; 2,4,-9,@/ 13-54), ,9. 21 (2,4,-9. ,9. 23), 695C18:+= ,9T875: G6. L5227;=D.





94

+*.6=13, +T8B3; ,27;=45, @594.EC;5 ?-9*, 1P6=. "7;,* 45 E5*9,75. H 8*23;,

8;3D R,9*5P <,;?45:. P,#="$: A5 2,9?R* 65: E84,@C98* 4=; ,-,6=EC;= 45:, 65: 6,9,+P98*

C>. ,63 4=; +:ER,4*234=4, 2,* 4=; ,B*?@59= S./. A5 2,15B8T5PE8;5 2,9?R*. C3292: G5R,93, ,;8>/-=45, ;, :6,*;7++84,* 45 1:6=4893 45: @59475.

'*, 6*5 ,@=9=EC;= 8*23;, 45: R,659*5P 65: E84,@C98* 45 7B*5 +T8B3; R,9P

@59475. 286 G45 657=E, ´M,;4,+7,ª, 45 61575 E8 4, -:?1*;, 6,;*? 4,>*B8P8* +8

?-;.+45:D ñ 5;8*9*25PD 4365:D +8 ?-;.+45 T93;5. A5 4,>7B* 45: R-?S8* 45:D

86*R?48D 45: C>. ,63 4, 39*, 45: 23+E5: : D" 4-1 /* -;., /* -;., 5)* $#0% )%. /3&)4. 2"* ;/* ñ (' 23#-"/* 8*/"# ñ 8-1,1 813 8#'" 4-1 $*0"#, 4-1 $*0"#, 451 813 8;7)'" '&)4.: 4@í *8í )1/ &>&-1 ):/ /'6</ ñ 5)* +#%.

D" 4-1 /* 8/;'", /* (*. :0', *3)4. 1 *;6*. (*9, 8;6í *84 )4813. &*" &*"61>., ;:. 4)13 ñ 7:. (13 ñ

(&*0<. )6'-# 0* +*"6')#'" &',/í % &16!;-* % 7*/)*"9,) $21>(' *8í )%/ )6"&3(,* *3)1> )13 &45(13Ö287

D" 4-1 (' 8#'" (' 8#'" ñ &*6#$" % />5)* ñ (' )* 8*/"# )13 2"#-"/* 5)% (846*,

&" ',(*" 2"*-;/"1. &*8')#/"1. )13 &*" &635)*-- -;/"* ñ '&',/% ñ &1>&-* )13, 5)%/ 8-<6*. 288

%.97D 45 65*=4*23 8-F ;, -7;84,* 86*R?4=D, S=4? ,63 4=;

,-,6=EC;= 45: ;, 45: E*1/+8* -*, C;, 2,9?R* 65: 4,>*B8P8* +45 657=E, ´A5

2,9?R*ª. A5 +45*T875 4=D @:-/D +:;,;4?E8 2,* +45:D 8>/D +47T5:D: X"8; (13, *2#8% (13, 2"* ;/* &*6#$"

01-4 813 1-1(4/*+1 8#'", +635#, 2"* í/* 8-1,1, )* 7<)* 813 */#$'"

5)* +#%Ö289

286 G. !. $.,;;7B=, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, (Ö), O.L.W.%., %,127B, 1995, +. 51. 287 )63 45 657=E, ´M,;4,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 22. 288 )63 45 657=E, ´);4,6329*+=ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 123. 289 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 2,9?R*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 55 ñ 56.





95

Z6.D ,;,@C98* 5 G:E8F; N9. G4,E65:15P, ´& Barthes CT8* 695R1CX8* 45; 8+@,1EC;5 T,9,24=9*+E3 65: <, B5<87 +45; G2,97E6, .D

*B851/64=; 4=D M:-/D: (Ö) Z+5 2* ,; = 2,4,-.-/ ,:45P 45: E547R5:, 8;3D

61575: ,2:RC9;=45:, 5@87184,* +4=; ;8595E,;4*2/ @*1515-7,, = 8EE5;/ 45:

G2,97E6, +4=; E8+56518E*2/ ,4E3+@,*9, 45; 5B=-87 ,;,63@8:24, +4=;

51521/9.+= 4=D 8*23;,D 45: Barthes: H$6. '2!, ,8=60 '2!, 8$, .1, 4,#="$ //

>23( 62! 232'(1,;2 6=*$Ö// (Á5 L,9?R*ª).ª290 A, 693+.6, 45: 65*/E,45D Á5 61575 (& A*4,;*23D)ª, R97+25;4,* +8 49,-*2/ E579,: 45 61575 <, R:<*+487, 2?4* 65: ,;,-;F+4=D 61=95@59874,*

+45; 4818:4,75 +47T5. ):43 45 61575 B8; <, 51521=9F+8* 45 4,>7B* 45:. ´&

G2,97E6,D CT8* 2,4,<C+8*, E8 45 695+.6*23 P@5D 4=D 81,@9*?D / 4=D 6*29/D

8*9.;87,D, C;, R*5-9,@*23 868*+3B*5 4.; L:9*F; +45; T93;5 45: Á*4,;*25Pª,

2,* E?1*+4, +4=; 297+*E= +4*-E/ 4=D RP<*+/D 45:, +45 657=E, Á5 61575 (&

A*4,;*23D)ª (Ö) G4=; ,;=+:T7, 4=D A;#5/ P!#9,/ 5 6157,9T5D ,6,;4?

+4.*2FD 2,* E5*951,49*2FD: ), ".",$,, "!>$7('*>, P!#9,!...ª291 X&',, 861. )". 26*((;. )13 H4)"13 *8',613

8'6A7*/1 :. -"&/,91/)*/ )1 8-1,1 (' !31 2-*6# 7132#6* &*" 1/',613 7<)* +635# ñ % D36,* (í ;/* $"$-,1,

(Ö) (* :+6AÖ X/< )1 8-1,1 8-;'" (A !'/ 8-;'";) )1/ 8-1,*6+1 &6*)', &" *+/A &*" &6>*:

- ´P61,&%5* 5*/ &#81"1 ),/*2(*ª )13 -;'" - =* $;$*"*, $30"94('0* D36,*!...292

A5 +45*T875 45: C9.4, 4,:4*+EC;5 E8 45 +PER515 45: 61575:

+:;,;4?E8 +45; 657=E, ´!1575; 8; 3X8*ª. & !. (. !,;,-*.45P;=D ,;,@C98*

6.D = B*,+P;B8+= 4=D <,1,++*;/D S./D E8 4=; 2,<=E89*;34=4,, C4+* .D 4=

S5P+8 5 65*=4/D +4= %,127B,, +4=; 5;8*9*2/ 45: 631=, 365: CS=+8 T,9CD 2,*

290 G. N9. G4,E65:15P, C08./ 6*728#,-9,/ +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, )</;,, 2006, +. 415. 291 G:E8F; N9. G4,E65:15P, C08./ +0/ 6*728#,-9,/ +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, )</;, 2006, +. 406. 292 )63 45 657=E, Á5 61575 (& A*4,;*23D)ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 63-64.





96

1P68D .D 4*D 4818:4,78D 45: +4*-ECD 45: N8;?9= 45: 1984, :6?9T8* 2,* +45

.9,75 45: 657=E,, E8 45 +:ER51*+E3 4=D 6?;. +8 2?65*5; C9.4, +8 BP5

6157,, ´!1575; 8; 3X8*ª.293 =*. )4&-'"5'/ :6*,* ñ (;5í 5)% $"# )13 ñ

1 *2;6*., )13 ;6:)# (*. )1 $"$-,1 (Ö)

D*" )<6* ), 0* &#/13('; G' ("í #&6% /* &-#B13('; V ), 0* :7'-A5'" 8'654)'61 A -"24)'61 ;/* !#&63; ] #/'(1. )* 8-1,* 0* (*. +:6,5'".

D" '(',. 5*/ !34 8-1"#6+1" *2*8%(;/1" 8-1,:/ 813 !"*5)*36</'" )4/* )í #--1, #--1 ñ 8*6# /* 3B<513(' ñ !' (;/'" +*61>('/1 5)* @#6)"* (*. 5"/"#-1Ö294

);?15-5 E547R5 +:;,;4?E8 +45 657=E, ´Lacrimae H5minisª:

J6#$* -1"84/, *71> (' 8*., )6#$* 9:A ñ &*6#$", 2>6: 0* 8;7)'" ñ &*)*+/"# ñ )13 +64/13 % 5":8A,

&" % *2#8% )%. ñ 7#61. $*0"# ñ 0* 5$', ("* &*" 0í */#$'" 5*/ ("* &-:5)A 813 ("* (1-#'" &*" ("* 8#'" /* &18',!... 295

A, 4,>7B*, 4.; 2,9,R*F; E84,@C95:; +2CX8*D, +:;,*+</E,4, 45:

6,981<3;45D: J*@,!'3*/ ('2#-* )* &*6#$"*

5)* -42"* (13 ñ 5)1 /13 (13 1" )481" ñ 5)% $6*!"/A (' )6#$*2*/ */)*>2'"*

&*"/1>62"1" */06<81".

D*" ñ 86#2(* (;2* ñ 1" +*6;. (13, 1" )64(1" !'/ -;2*/ ),81)*! G)1 !',-", 1" 8*-"1, !'/ (,-%2*/ 1" !64(1"

1>)' 1" 7,-1"!

J451 &*-1,!... D*" (í ;7'6/' 1 A+1. 8"&6;. ñ 5)". ,!"'. 6,('. (13 ñ )1->8'., 1 ,!"1. (í ;57*9' '(;/* 1 5),+1.,

'(;/* 1" ->8'..296 293 !. (. !,;,-*.45P;= F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/. K $%,38(/ +0/ R,349%,/. "4,*97, 811=;*25P R*R175:, )</;, 1986, +. 21. 294 )63 45 657=E, ´!1575; 8; 3X8*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 86. 295 )63 45 657=E, ´Lacrimae Hominisª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 33.





97

(QR<5

(:T489*;? 4567, 2,* R9,B*?4*28D +4*-ECD B7;5:; CE6;8:+= +45; 65*=4/

2,* 69,-E,4F;5;4,* 5* B=E*5:9-78D 45: +45:D +47T5:D. G45 657=E, ´'3;5

B:5 +47T5:Dª 689*-9?@84,* E8 4CT;= = F9, 65: 6C@48* = ;PT4,. L,4? 4=

B*?928*, 45: +5P95:65:, 45 65*=4*23 8-F ,;,9.4*C4,* -*, 45:D +47T5:D 45:

EC+, +8 :6,9>*,2CD +2CX8*D -*, 4=; 657=+/ 45:: &*" 0* (*2'>'" 8*/)1)'"/# ;/* 8-1,1 4)*/ 5)1 0#(81. )1 '58'6"/4 *U-</')*" 5í */)*>2'"'. +635;..297

H ;PT4, +:ER?118* +4=; 689*-9,@/ 4=D -:;,*287,D E59@/D:

H*", &,)6"/A (13! H'&6A !'/ ',5*", &" ',/*" 5* /#5*"I &" #/*5)6% />+)* ',/í )* (*--"# 513 ñ #+, )1 &*6#$"!

D*" )1 7135)#/" 513 ñ (í <6"* ("* &1>!* ñ '5> &1"(#5*" &" % />+)* 6#$'"Ö298

H ;PT4, +:ER?118* +4=; 69,-E?4.+= 4.; 3+.; @,;4?S84,* 45

65*=4*23 8-F 34* <, R*F+8*. H E:+4*2*+4*2/ ;:T489*;/ ,4E3+@,*9,, +:;BC84,*

?E8+, E8 6511CD 5;8*9*2CD :@?;+8*D +4*D 56578D :652P648* 45 65*=4*23 8-F. G45 657=E, ´&:1,15PEª, E*, /98E= ;PT4, ,;,EC;8* 4=; 8E@?;*+= 4=D

-:;,*287,D E59@/D, 36.D 4=; 87T8 @,;4,+487 45 65*=4*23 8-F, 36.D 4=; 87T8 +:;<C+8* EC+, +45 E:,13 45: :

E)*/ 5* /* 5' 8645('/* D'6# *84B' 813 !'/ ;8/'' 4@: */#5*,

(Ö) &*" 0* (36,9'" 7<)* &*" $61+A

&*" /'"4 7'22#6"Ö (Ö)

H>+):5' &*" !' 7#/%&'. '5>I &,/%5* /* 5' $6: 5)1 !64(1 ñ :O(;/* ñ 299

296 )63 45 657=E, ´O8+EF4=Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 41 ñ 42. 297 )63 45 657=E, ´'3;5 B:5 +47T5:Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 18. 298 )63 45 657=E, ´H E*29/ 2:97,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 65-66. 299 )63 45 657=E, ´&:1,15PEª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71 - 73).





98

'8 45; 7B*5 49365 86*B9? = ;PT4, +45 657=E, ´V--815D 8@?;= E5*ªY 45

65*=4*23 8-F +:;<C48* E695+4? 45: 4=; 8*23;, 4=D ,*<C9*,D -:;,72,D: T5$'/'/ % (;6* &*" (13+64 )1 !',-" (;5í 5í *+/# (')#@"* )>-"2' )%/ 84-%,

)1 )5"(8-4 )%. 8#-" ñ % />5)* (13 ñ &*/)A-" 0#/*$' 5' -,21, 5)%/ '58;6"* *5$4-%.

(Ö) ?@*7/* '&', (864. (13 (), *5)6*8A!) ;/í *(#@" 5)#0%&' &*" ("í #2/:5)% (' *"0;6"* +#6%,

)<62"13 )%. 81!423613 5A&:5' ñ (% 5)#@'"! ñ ("í #&6%, &" >B:5í ñ 4/'"61 ñ 5)1 8'/)#- 81!#6"300

"67+=D = ;PT4, 86*49C68* +45 18:23 259E7 4=D ,6525*E*+EC;=D

-:;,72,D ;, 8E6;8P+8* 45; 65*=4/ 2,* ;, 4=D E61C>8* C;, 8-2FE*5 <,:E,+E5P

-*, 4=; 5E59@*? 4=D +,; ;, 69328*4,* -*, 39,E,: J* (#)"* 513 6*((;/í *84 (')#@" (1"#9*/ :. *81-

&1"(A5'",

5' 7:. 1 >8/1. 5í ',+' *+/4 &*" 5í ',+' */#5&'-%/ "+/1-

26*7A5'". (Ö)

Hí #&13* '/)4. 513 8<. &3-# % 5"2A 513 ñ ;5&3B* )6'-# ñ

&*" 8#'",

(* 5)#0%&í #/*3!1. 5*/ :. /* 5í */)*/#&-* 1 136*/4.

5)* +#%! 301

N1O!#22'-; (13 '-#(8*/ )* -'3&# 513 84!"*, '/< &*)#-

&16>7:.

5*/ @,71. &6;(1/)*/ 7:)4. )4/* 513 +;6" 5)%. /3&)4.

)1 %(,7:.Ö302

300 )63 45 657=E, ´V--815D 8@?;= E5*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 78-79). 301 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 93 ñ 94. 302 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 93 ñ 94.





99

A5 ;:T489*;3 45675 86*+2*?S8* 51321=9= 4=; 631= 4=D %,127B,D. A5

E3;5 65: @.47S8* 87;,* C;, R,639* 45 56575 695+EC;8* E8 4, @F4, ,;,EEC;,: &*" (*. 8645('/' (' 7<)* */*7)#

)1 $*846". (Ö)

ñ )* 7<)* )* 7<)* )* 7<)* ñ &*" &1"(4)*/ 5)%. />+)*. )* $>0"*

% \*-&,!* 5$%5)# ñ 303

H ;PT4, -7;84,* 45 :63R,<95 -*, ;, 69,-E,4565*=<87 = 86*<:E7, 45:

65*=4*25P 8-F ;, @P-8* E8 4=; ,-,6=EC;= 45: C>. ,63 ´4=; 49*2:E7, 45:

23+E5:ª. D*" /#/í 5*/ &#)" /* (13 -'., &#)" :6*,1 &1/)# 2"í #5)6*, )% 9</% 813 8%!#/ ):/ />+)":/ 74/):/, &" *3)4. 1 #/'(1. )6'-# ñ )6'-# /* (*. 5&13/)#

4-1 861. )% 26*((A ):/ 16"94/):/.

D" 4-1 /* -;., /* -;., 5)* $#0% )%. /3&)4.304 H ;PT4, +:;:6?9T8* E8 4=; 86*<,;?4*, ,4E3+@,*9,:

!' 0* 03(#(*" )13 )#713 513 )1 (*!%(;/1 2'6#/", (A)' 5)í *-A0'"* 8:. 5í ;+*5* &#81"* $6*!"# 5&1)'"/A.305

D" ;732' ñ #+! C1"1. @;6'" 81> )%. 71>5)*. )%., *6"#, )1/ 2>61 3B</'" &*" 8*)', ñ D36,* )%. H>+)*. 86<)% ñ &*" (4/1 *7A&' !< &" '&',, 5*/ ("* 5'"6# &'6"#306,

"67+=D:

F* 8'0#/: ;/* 51>681 01-4. F#/*" $6#!3 6"2%-4 813 0* 3B<5: )% G7,22* (13 8#/:

ñ 5&;!"1 )%. B3+A. (13 &*)*8-%+)"&4 5)1 5&1)#!" *&*046"5)1, 8-#/1!

(Ö) F* 8'0#/: ñ 2"* ;6:)* &*0<. ("* $6*!"# 0* 8%2*,/: 5*/ í/* 4(1671 *26,(" 813 )1 )6*$#'" )1 /'6#&" ñ307

303 )63 45 657=E, ´H O8+65*;7D J. !.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 46-47. 304 )63 45 657=E, ´M,;4,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 22. 305 )63 45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 40. 306 )63 45 657=E, ´M*-*C44, N. !;8:E,4*25Pª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E. , 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 19.





100

H ;PT4, -7;84,* ,6,9T/ -*, 8+.+49C@8*, 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F 2,* -*, ;,

+:;5E*1/+8* E8 45; 8,:43 45: : C1-> *624/ )1 $6#!3 '5$1>5' &*" ),81)* í)*/ )1 7'22#6" &" 4,)" í)*/ ->8% !' -381>5' &*" ),81)* !'/ ',+' +#6%.

(Ö) D" ;-'* (;5* (13: ), )#+* ), )#+* /#)*/ 813 (í '->8'", *71> í2: ),81)* 2"* /#+*

!'/ ;/":0* (+*6#, ',)' ->8%). 308

19?I5 H5C<54?5L / =AGI5<=L. '<I;4H53A5 =C@3A3:8.

´:2 %!&+@;0', *91,$ (+$

4,$ +, (1*$#, 62+. %*1 *91,$ ë&,1 (1*$#2í A#,9,.

:2 &;5', *91,$ X*@+$42.

V$(+$ 4,1.1,1 %*1 .;*$ 3(82 2 =1>#A62/

1, *91,$ A#,9, +, (1*$#= +2!.ª 309

& 65*=4/D 4.; I2J%=88*3A1 2,745* B*,+6? 689*++34895 E59@*2? 4=;

657=+= 45:, 2*;874,* +4=; ,4E3+@,*9, 45: 1:9*25P 2,* 45: 6,9?>8;5:310, E8 8;45;3489, 4, +45*T87, 45: 5;8795: ñ 59?E,45D. 'C;8* ?;,:B5D E695+4? +4=;

C26,-1= 3X= 4=D -:;,*287,D 6,95:+7,D = 5657, 25*E?4,*, E5*?S8* E8 39,E, 2,* ,6548187 +=E875 CE6;8:+=D.

307 )63 45 657=E, ´":<,;,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, ++. 25 ñ 26. 308 )63 45 657=E, ´A7654,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ I2J%=88*32$, 82B3+8*D L?245D, )</;,, 1976, +. 50. 309 A5 T.975 ,;/28* +45; N*?;;= G2,97E6,. );,@C984,* +4= E81C4= 45: K,;?+= %,4S365:15: ´H 15>/ +5@7, 2,* = 25*;/ <17X=ª +4, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007, +. 308. 310 !. (. !,;,-*.45P;=D, F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/. K $%,38(/ +0/ R,349%,/., "4,*987, 811=;*25P R*R175:, )</;,, 1986, +. 22.





101

J* (#)"* 513 6*((;/í *84 (')#@" (1"#9*/ :. *81-

&1"(A5'",

5' 7:. 1 >8/1. 5í ',+' *+/4 &*" 5í ',+' */#5&'-%/ "+/1-

26*7A5'". (Ö)

Hí #&13* '/)4. 513 8<. &3-# % 5"2A 513 ñ ;5&3B* )6'-# ñ

&*" 8#'",

(* 5)#0%&í #/*3!1. 5*/ :. /* 5í */)*/#&-* 1 136*/4.

5)* +#%! 311

N1O!#22'-; (13 '-#(8*/ )* -'3&# 513 84!"*, '/< &*)#-

&16>7:.

5*/ @,71. &6;(1/)*/ 7:)4. )4/* 513 +;6" 5)%. /3&)4.

)1 %(,7:.Ö312 A5 +45*T875 45: 59?E,45D 2:9*,9T87 2,* +45:D 6,9,2?4. +47T5:D

69528*EC;5: ;, ,65B5<87 = 689*-9,@/ 65: <, 8*25;565*/+8* 4=; -:;,72, =

5657, 2*;874,* +8 5;8*9*2/ ,4E3+@,*9,: H#513/ 5*/ /* (%/ A513/ &*" 5*/ (/#5*") 1>)' /* 5í ',+* 1/'"6'3)', /* &613. )%/ 846)*

/* &6*,/' )* 813-"# &*" /* 5736#/' 1" -'>&'. 5*/ $"1-"# )1/ =#% ñ 813 '<6)*.

H* (%/ 5í ',+' 1 F'4. 5&'7)', 813 5í ;8-* /í *&1-130#/ 5' *;6"/1" 53/)6471", 8')#('/1 7#/)*5(* (' 8;8-*

&"í 1-4+6351/ 5)1 (;):84 513 &*(8)4/ 47".

K5"!*; L810'# )%. &*-1/A.; A M/)"/;*; /* 8'68*)A5'". !'/ /12#. F'; (13 ñ F'; (13

*/06<8"/%, 9:/)*/A, :6*,* &*" /;*, (' 5#6&* &*" 7:/A ñ &46% )í */;(13; 313

311 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 93 ñ 94. 312 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª,, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 93 ñ 94. 313 )63 45 657=E, ´Une valse des peplesª. G45 ".J.$.)., ,9T8*,23 :1*23 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, @?2815D 1/20, 695C18:+= ,9T875: A,+7, G81C25:.





102

M22'-"&A :. 0* >B:/' )1 +;6" )%. /* '3-42* !"#$%&' (' )* +',-% )%. ñ #/01. 23(/4 ñ 5)1 !64(1

(Ö) &#): *8í )13 81!423613 )%. )1 &>(*, '8;)* )1 ;/* (')# )1 #--1 )%. ñ 813-"# ñ )* 84!"* &*" )* '8#)'".

J, ',/*" % 9:A (*.; S/'"61! D" '(',. B3+;. 5)1 +64/1.314

C1> )%/ ',!*; G3--12,91(*" */ 5)13. !64(13. )%/ */),&635* 81);. (13 A 5)í *5);6"*315

J%/ 5)1+#91(*". ^ 7:/A )%., -;., (13 '(,-'"

6"2%-A 5*/ (;5í 5' 4/'"61 (Ö)316

Jí A)*/; 8/'>(*; =A/ 7+"*2(;/% A)*/, :O(;/*, 3818)'>1(*"ñ &*" )6;(: /1'6# (13ñ *8í )1 ,!"1 3-"&4 81>/*" 7+"*2(;/*

)* 4/'"6# (13;... 317

E)*/ 5* /* 5' 8645('/* D'6# *84B' 813 !'/ ;8/'' 4@: */#5*, &" ;-'2*: F#60'" *84B' *8í )* /'6#

&" *84 )* !#5*.

F#60'", *71> 7-')6#'" (13 % B3+A, *71> 58*6# )1 (#)" (13 5*/ B#6" &*" 0* (36,9'" 7<)* &*" $61+A

&*" /'"4 7'22#6"Ö318

?@*7/* '&', (864. (13 (), *5)6*8A!) ;/í *(#@" 5)#0%&' &*" ("í #2/:5)% (' *"0;6"* +#6%,

)<62"13 )%. 81!423613 5A&:5' ñ (% 5)#@'"! ñ ("í #&6%, &" >B:5í ñ 4/'"61 ñ 5)1 8'/)#- 81!#6".

314 !57=E, ´':9*,+4895P+,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71. 315 )63 45 657=E, Á5 E5;4C15ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 23-24. 316 )63 45 657=E, Á5 E5;4C15ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 23-24. 317 )63 45 657=E, Á5 E5;4C15ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 23-24. 318 )63 45 657=E, ´&:1,15PEª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71 - 73).





103

C#)%5' &*" &#0%5' (;5*0' 4-% 6;($%

&*" 5*/ (813 )1 B#6'B' !,+)3) #5861 - '7<)* &#): *84 )1 $;-1 )%.Ö D" ;732' :. ',+í ;($'" ñ 84!", *(#@", 4/'"61 ñ (;5í 5)* 86<)* 7<)*Ö319

H 5;8*9*2/ ,4E3+@,*9, 86*29,487 2,* +45 657=E, ´'3;5 B:5 +47T5:Dª:

T)5" -1"84/! C#/)* :6*,* &*" 8#/)*, 0#/*", 5#(8:., 4/'"61 *;6"/1 1" #/'(1" &" % 7135&10*-*55";.320

(Ö) 0#6+')í 1 &>&-1. ):/ 813-"</ 5)13 +64/13 )* 7)'6#, &" % -'>&* 0#/í 8*/)1)'"/# :6*,*, 8#/)* &*" 8#/)*, 4)*/ ñ )6'-A ñ (' )". 7:/;. ):/ */;(:/ 5736#.

=4/1/ '2<, (4/1/ '2<, 81); !'/ A(13/ 8-1,1, (A)' *;6"/1 4/'"61, (A)' 813-, 5' */04 (Ö)321

H 59,E,4*2/ +T8B3; 2,4,;:24*2/ ,4E3+@,*9, E84,@C98* 45

+:;,7+<=E, R,<*?D 8:1?R8*,D 2,* X:T*2/D ,;?4,+=D 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F.

!,93E5*5 +:;,7+<=E, +:;5B8P8* 4*D 6,9,+4?+8*D 2,* 4*D C;;5*8D 45: <875: 2,*

45: E84,@:+*25P 23+E5:. G45 657=E, ´G6,+EC;5 2,9?R*ª +:;,;4?E8 45 95E,;4*23 2,4,;:24*23

217E, 45 56575 +4*T5:9-87 5 65*=4/D E8 E8-?15 +8R,+E3 2,* 6511/ 695+5T/: G8*5(;/1 &*6#$" /#(*", 8;6* $*0"#

ñ ;)5" /#(*" ñ (' +<6". &*)#6)"*, (' +<6". 8*/"#

/* &1"(#(*". H#/í *76#)1. 1 )481. &" % *&)A /'&6"&A

2>6: 2>6:, (' &137#6" 236)4 &*" (' 8-<6% '&',

813 0* 2',6:.

H#/í % 0#-*55* #B3+% &*" )* B#6"* /'&6# ñ ;)5" /#/*"! ñ

&*" )* $6#+"* &*)#8-%+)* &*" )í *5);6"* (*&6"# /* &3))#/'Ö

319 )63 45 657=E, ´V--815D 8@?;= E5*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 78-79). 320 )63 45 657=E, ´'3;5 B:5 +47T5:Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 18. 321 )63 45 657=E, ´'3;5 B:5 +47T5:Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 18.





104

Q,+:. +)>81 1" <6'., &*" 1" (;6'. 0-"$;. ñ !,+:. +#6% ñ

&" ;)5" &1>7"1 &" *&,/%)1 (;5í 5' />+)'. $13$;., )1 7'22#6".

ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ

T)5" /#(*" &*6#$" 2&6'("5(;/1, /'&64 ñ ;)5" /#(*" ñ

5í *((13!"# 8'0*(;/% &*" 5' &1>7"1 /'64, /* &1"(#(*"Ö322

G45 657=E, ´M,;4,+7,ª, 45 65*=4*23 8-F ,68*25;7S8* +,; 3;8*95 45

4,>7B* 45: C>. ,63 4, 867-8*, 39*, E8 4=; ,-,6=EC;= 45:. & 65*=4/D

+2*,-9,@87 86*BC>*, 45 4,>7B* 8;3D 89.48:EC;5: S8:-,9*5P E8 @3;45 4= ;PT4,,

C;, 2,9?R* E8 -:?1*;, 6,;*?, B93E5:D 65: T?;5;4,* +4, T?= 2,* ,;CE5:D

65: +69FT;5:; 45 S8:-?9* +4=; ,*F;*, 65987, 45:. H#/*" 5* /* (*. 586<+/'" ;/*. *;6*. (*9, 861. ;/*/ !64(1 7"!:)4 813 5$', 5)* +#%,

(Ö)

&" *3)4. 1 #/'(1. )6'-# ñ )6'-# /* (*. 5&13/)# 4-1 861. )% 26*((A ):/ 16"94/):/.

D" 4-1 /* -;., /* -;., 5)* $#0% )%. /3&)4. 2"* ;/* ñ (' 23#-"/* 8*/"# ñ 8-1,1 813 8#'" 4-1 $*0"#, 4-1 $*0"#, 451 813 8;7)'" '&)4.: 4@í *8í )1/ &>&-1 ):/ /'6</ ñ 5)* +#%.

D" 4-1 /* 8/;'", /* (*. :0', *3)4. 1 *;6*. (*9, 8;6í *84 )4813. &*" &*"61>., ;:. 4)13 ñ 7:. (13 ñ

(&*0<. )6'-# 0* +*"6')#'" &',/í % &16!;-* % 7*/)*"9,) $21>(' *8í )%/ )6"&3(,* *3)1> )13 &45(13Ö323

[;, 4,>7B* ñ 39,E, 8;3D ,2:RC9;=45: 2,9,R*5P 689*-9?@84,* +45

657=E, Á5 8*+*4/9*5ª. & V--815D N. ',;4?D ,;,@C98*: Á5 E547R5 4=D

E84?<8+=D 695+.6*2F; 2,4,+4?+8.; +8 2?65*5 :689R,4*23 EC115; 2?;8*

4=; 8E@?;*+/ 45: 2,* +8 65*/E,4, 45: G2,97E6,Y R1., 6.T., 4, 65*/E,4,

´M,;4,+7,ª, ´L5*E.EC;=ª, Á5 8*+*4/9*5ª, 216.ª324

322 )63 45 657=E, ´G6,+EC;5 2,9?R*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 44. 323 )63 45 657=E, ´M,;4,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 22. 324 V--815: N. ',;4?: ´H B*/-=+= 2,* = E7E=+= +45; G2,97E6,ª, (:65+=E87.+= ,9. 17), C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007.





105

V !"#1-'!... S-* /#+13/ +*0', &*" /#+13/ 8#'" &" 1" */06<81" !6*8')'>5'" *84 )13. )4813., &" *3)4 )1 8-1,1 /* )6*$#'" &*" /* )6*$#'" +:6,. (%+*/"&1>., +:6,. */06<813.Ö325

)65-5=48:EC;5D ,63 4=; ,2P9.+= 4=D 86*25*;.;7,D 45: E8 4=; @71=

45:, 5 69.4,-.;*+4/D 45: 65*/E,45D Á5 -9?EE,ª, <C18* ;, @,;4?S84,* 34*

<, C9<8* 2?65*, EC9, 45 -9?EE, 4=D. Z1= = B*,B*2,+7, ,;4,11,-/D

-9,EE?4.; -7;84,* +4= +@,79, 4=D @,;4,+7,D 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F. D*" 0* 8#: );-1. 8#/):/ 5)1 26*7',1 (13, :. 4)*/ 5;/í *+/A 5)%/ *845)*5% % (167A 513 (13 '(,-'" &*" 0* ',/*" 5*/ ()4)'/'. 813 (í *2#8*.) 0* 6+4)*/

;/* 26#((* 513 7,-%.

D" *. (% 6+4)*/! P< 0#&*/* 5*/ /#+í ;60'" &*" 5#(8:. )4+: -#$'" &*" (1>26*7'. -42"* ñ &', ñ *2*8%(;/*, &*" ñ 5*/ )4)' ñ 2< 0#26*7* 5)1 *8458'6/1 0#(81.

;/* 26#((* 5' 5;/*.

D" *. (%/ )45)'-/*! F#&*/* 5*/ /* '5> )4+'". -#$'" &"í *8í )* (#)"* 513 &>-%5' 5)% 26*7A )13 ;/* !#&63 ñ &" :. 5&37)A )1 -3+/#6" )%. 4@: % />+)* 0í */#$'",

2< 0* &-*,: 5' ("*/ #&6%Ö326

H 1C>= ´3;8*95ª ,6524? 4=; C;;5*, 4=D ,6?4=D. G45 657=E, ´&*

@715*ª327 8>*+F;84,* E8 4=; 61?;=: S/'"61 A)*/, A)*/ 8-#/% )1 8<.

91>(', 7)#/'" % 9:A (*. 7,-13. /#+'", +<6"* A */)#(* 8#(', 48:.

&*" (1/#+1"

325 )63 45 657=E, Á5 8*+*4/9*5ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 3.6., +. 53-54. 326 )63 45 657=E, Á5 -9?EE,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D.E., 3.6., +. 85. 327 )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 43.





106

"AJ95 / 9=63:8

A5 65*=4*23 8-F ,;,1P8* ,61CD 2,<=E89*;CD +:;/<8*8D E8 45 R1CEE,

8;3D 49815P. H 689*-9,@/ <:E7S8* 2,4?+4,+= EC<=D: X,(*" ñ )1 @;6: ñ -12"&4.. V !'/ ("-#:. G*/ -#(B'" % (;6* 5$: )1 7:. (13. M/ "!< ;/* 7>--1 81>8'5' ñ '/)4. (13

-;:: ',!* ;/* 7>--1 81>8'5' &*"Ö 8#:.328

J6'-4. '2<; M5)',1! D*" 5),+13. 7"#+/:, &*" 8#: 8*)</)*.I 1>)' -421. 4)" 48:. 5)6,$'" 1 !64(1., */*-42:.

5)6,$: /* (% 5&13/)#B: 8# 5)13. )1,+13.Ö329

(Ö) \*6# (13 /#/*" )* !31 !"8-4 *8í )1 ;/*. H1'6# (13:

8:. ',/*" 5)64223-1" ñ '8"(;/: ñ 1" 16"94/)1". 330 ); 2,* 6,9,BCT84,* 4=; 49C1, 45:, 6,9,2?4. ,;,@C98*:

[1"84/ !'/ ',(*". W6*,*! J1 B;(* ("5<. (Ö) 331

V11= 6,9,B5T/ 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F -*, 4=; ´13>,ª 45: +45 657=E, Á5

@*B?2*ª:

&" ',(*" -1@# ñ 5+A(* 9*$4 ñ 2"1(#)1. 7:. &*" -A0% /* 5)6;713(*" '--'"8)"&# 5)%. >-%. )% 5)617A.332

"67+=D: ÖC<. ñ /#, 0* (',/'" 1 &45(1. (' )1 ´( 8 #ª

813 (í ;-'2' )6'-4/ 8:. ',+'. 2,/'" &*8/4. &*" ñ )#+*. ñ 5>2/'7* 0*(8#

861. )% G'-A/%Ö333 328 )63 45 657=E, Á9813D;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 68 329 )63 45 657=E, Á9813D;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 68 330 )63 45 657=E, Á9813D;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 68 331 )63 45 657=E, Á9813D;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 68 332 )63 45 657=E, Á5 @*B?2*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 74-75. 333 )63 45 657=E, ´&:1,15PEª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71 - 73).





107

(Ö) F#60'", *71> 7-')6#'" (13 % B3+A, *71> 58*6# )1 (#)" (13 5*/ B#6"

(Ö) J451 81-> (í *2#8%5'. D'6#, 813 #&132* !"8-# )* $A(*)# (13!

C#)*2* 2< ñ 5)6*$4. ñ (;5í 5)* /'6#; &" '5> &1/)# (13Ö334

H 49C1, ,652,1P6484,* .D ,63995*, ,63 C;, 49,-*23 +:ER?; +4=

S./ 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F: C;0*/'! C<. )%/ ;-'2*/ @'+/#:Ö

ñ +#0%&' (*9, )%. % +*6#, )1 7<. (13 ñ &*" ',(*" )451 -12"&4. 813 '/)4. (13

-;:: ',!* ;/* 7>--1 81>8'5' ñ &*" 8#:...335

& <?;,45D ,-,6=EC;.; 695+F6.; 4,:47S84,* E8 4=; 49C1, ,@5P B8

E6595P; ;, >8T,+45P; 4, 49,-*2? +:ER?;4, 4=D S./D 2,* 45 E:,13

6,9,EC;8* +45:D ;8295PD. A, -8-5;34, E84,@C95;4,* +:ER51*2? +4=; 657=+=

EC+, ,63 E*, @9*T4/ 3X= 8;3D R,659*5P 45 56575 25:R,1? 4=; 3X= 4.; ;829F;.

E (%/-$*6&#&"* )13- (í #586'. &16!;-'. 5)*361!'(;/* 7;6')6* 0#5)'-/' 4@: ñ 5*/ &>(*)* &*" 5*/ *761,- 4813 0* &',)1/)*/ )%. 2%. )* /A8"* (*+*"6:(;/* A 4813 4-1" 451" *2*8A0%&*/ 0#5*/ /'&61,;

ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ.

J,81)* ñ ),81)*!... =* 8<. ;)5í A)*/, 8<. (13 '7#/% *3)4 )1 8-1,1; G)#0%&' *(,-%)1 (í 4B% 76"+)A

&"í ;732'- :. )47'6' % D36# (13 % )6;--* ('. 5)1 -"(#/"- *3)A 813 8*,6/1/)#. (' *84 )1 +;6" (' 8'68*)',Ö336

334 )63 45 657=E, ´&:1,15PEª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71 - 73). 335 )63 45 657=E, ´A9813D;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 68 336 )63 45 657=E, ´H L:9? E5: = 49C11,Öª. O=E5+*8:EC;5 +45 2:69*,23 689*5B*23 :, N., H3301$4=, 4.T. 1, $,;5:?9*5D 1952, +. 15. W97+284,* 2,* +45 ,9T8*,23 :1*23 N. G2., ".J.$.)., @?2815D 16/12 ñ 16/47 (+4=; 2,4,-9,@/ 13-54), ,9. 21 (2,4,-9. ,9. 23), 695C18:+= ,9T875: G6. L5227;=D.





108

H 49C1, +:;:@,+EC;= E8 45 +:;,7+<=E, 2,* 4= <51/ E,4*? 45:

89.48:EC;5: +45 657=E, ´A9813D;ª: M84 )%/ 84-% '2< &" *3)A +:6"#)* 1>!í ',!%5% )%. )6;-*. (13 ',+' 8#6'": )* (1>)6* )%. )* 7135&1(*213-#)*

/* -;: 7'22#6".

R'6*2&"*/4. &" *84-":5* 2"í *3)A/* /* 8*6*-< 5)1/ &*7'/;, 5)%/ 8"#)5* &" *. )#"9' 21361>/"* ñ ;-'2* &6,/*

)í *!6# )%. (86#)5*!

Y;(*)* 813 )* 8,5)'3* ñ &*" 8451!... ñ )* +#/"* 8>621", 1" &4)'. )%. 61(#/)9*: *8í )% \*-&,!* ,5"* 5)1 J1$4551,

\*-&,!* - =#/)9*!...337 "67+=D:

D#)" A)*/ 5*/ B;(* &" A(13/ (1/*+4. (13 (;5í 5)% 5":8%-A (13 ñ 84+: 8#/)* ñ )6;-*. V ;/* 5)4(* ñ */ A)*/ ñ 0#!"/* )1 7:. (13 &#)" /* (13 '(,-'"', &#)" /* (13 '2;-*Ö

?@*7/* '&', (864. (13 (), *5)6*8A!) ;/í *(#@" 5)#0%&' &*" ("í #2/:5)% (' *"0;6"* +#6%,

)<62"13 )%. 81!423613 5A&:5' ñ (% 5)#@'"! ñ ("í #&6%, &" >B:5í ñ 4/'"61 ñ 5)1 8'/)#- 81!#6". 338

& 89.48:EC;5D 69.4,-.;*+4/D +45 657=E, ´[9.4,D S.-9?@5Dª

2*;=4565*87 45; C9.4? 45: EC+, +8 ,7+<=+= 49C1,D 2,* S.-9,@7S8* 4=; 631=

4=D %,127B,D, 45 +6*4?2* 4=D ,-,6=EC;=D 45: 2,* 4, +:;,*+</E,4? 45:D. &

69.4,-.;*+4/D ,65B7B8* 45; 8,:43 45: .D ´4981,EC;5ª 2,* ´,;/E6595ª, 5

C9.4?D 45: S.-9,@7S8* E8 ´6,1C4, 4981/ª E*, ´S./ 6,9B,1/ª 2,* -*í ,:43 5

7B*5D -:97S8* +45:D B93E5:D ,;4*E84.67S5;4,D 4=; 2595QB7, 45: 23+E5:: J6'-*(;/1. &" */A(8161. 0* &"/A5: ;/* !',-" (' !'(;/1 5)* (#)"* (13 )1 (*/),-" !"8-4

ñ *+ )37-4. ñ /* (% 5&;7)13(*", */ (% 5)6;7'" ñ 571/)>-" )%. 9:A. )1 )*(8-<.

(Ö) =*0%)1>!" (13 1 ;6:)*. (;5í 5)". 61>2'. &1/)# (13

337 )63 45 657=E, ´)--C1.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 83. 338 )63 45 657=E, ´V--815D 8@?;= E5*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 78-79.





109

&',, 9:26#71. '(#0*"/' (' 8*-;)* )6'-A, 5)". (812";. 48:. ;7)*/' '$13)1>5' &*" /# (13

% 9:A 8*6!*-AÖ (Ö)

D*" 0* 7>2:. G)* )6,5)6*)* ñ &*" )6'-4/ 0* (' -;/' ñ (' !'(;/* )* (#)"* (13 &*" 5)1 +;6" 6*$!,:

0* 813-< )%/ '"&4/* )%. ñ 91326*7";. 813 (' &*,/' */*((;/1 !*!,Ö339

H E59@/ 8;3D 49815P B=E*5:9-5P 5 56575D +:-28;49F;84,* +45

B=E*5P9-=E, 45:: */ 51>+í */#5)%(* !<5'" ñ 5)1 8-#/1 (13 84!" &*" 8#)", */ !'/ 5' 5&;!"*9* (í 4@: )% 2-<55* (13 &*" (' &-'"5(;/1

)4/* (13 (#)"Ö340

A5 25:217+4*25 B=E*5P9-=E, 45: G2,97E6, 2,4?@898 ;, >8@P-8* ,63

4= 15-*2/ 2,* .D 82 45P45: ;, >8@P-8* 2,* ,63 4, 39*, ,:45P 45: 23+E5:: Q' 0#+'. $;$*"* (13 !6*8')'>5'" ñ (4/1. /* (;/: ñ341

D" ;732'., &61>5*/)*. B%-# )1 /);7" 513 5' (86#)5* +"4/",

!< (;/í *7A/1/)*. (Ö)342

A5 65*=4*23 8-F (2,* +:;?E, 2,4,+28:,+4/D 4=D 25P21,D = 5657,

B9,6C48:+8,) 6?;4548 /<818 ;, >8@P-8* ,63 ,:43; 45; 23+E5 ,11? B8; 45

2,4?@89;8. O8; 2,4,@C9;8* ;, -7;8* B9,6C4=D 4=D P1=D, E3;5 4,

B=E*5:9-/E,4? 45: 45 2,4,@C9;5:;. A5 6*<,;34895 87;,* ;, 2,459<F;8* ;,

>8@8P-8* +4*-E*,7, 2,* 5 7B*5D EC+. 4=D B*,B*2,+7,D 2,4,+28:/D 45:

B=E*5:9-/E,43D 45:. A5 <8F9=+8 ,;3=45 ;, 4=; 2187+8* EC+, +4, 39*, 45:

+48;5P 45: +47T5:. [4+* 2* ,11*FD 8287;= >C@:-8: V (;/* ñ )í #(3*-13 ñ 813 (;5í 5)* 5>/16* )1>)í )13 5)'/1> (13

5),+13 (13 '9A)%5* /* 5' 8'6,&-'"/* ñ 5&-#$* 8*/<6"*! X5> ñ !6*8;)"55* )%. >-%. ñ @;732'., *)(4. )1 /1> (13

4@í *8í )* 46"*Ö343

339 )63 45 657=E, ´[9.4,D S.-9?@5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 38 ñ 39. 340 )63 45 657=E, Á5 65949,745 4=D "17S8 ',7=1:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 69. 341 )63 45 657=E, Á5 65949,745 4=D "17S8 ',7=1:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 69. 342 )63 45 657=E, Á5 65949,745 4=D "17S8 ',7=1:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 69.





110

& 65*=4/D 4,:47S84,* E8 45; 2,4,+28:,+4/ 4=D 25P21,D 2,* EC+. 4.;

+:;,*+<=E?4.; ,:45P, ,;,-;.97S5:E8 4=; B*?<8+= 45: 65*=4/ 2,4? 4=

B*?928*, 4=D +:--9,@/D 45: 65*/E,45D. G,; ;, B=E*5:9-87 C;, 481?95 EC+,

+45 56575 4565<8487 4=; 8*23;, 45: 8,:45P 45: ;, B=E*5:9-87. !5*=4/D 2,*

65*=4*23 8-F -7;5;4,* C;,. & B=E*5:9-3D G2,97E6,D, -*, ;, B9,6848P+8* ,63

4, 867-8*,, EC+, +45 C9-5 45: B=E*5:9-87 C;,; ?115 B=E*5:9-3 65: 2,* ,:43D

89-?S84,* 867 4=D B=E*5:9-7,D E7,D 25P21,D 65: 45; R5=<? ;, >8@P-8* ,63

4=; 69,-E,4*234=4,. H 8*9.;87, 87;,* 34* 5 B8P4895D B=E*5:9-3D (65*=4*23

8-F), ,+T51874,* E8 4=; 2,4,+28:/ 8;3D :1*+4*25P ,;4*28*EC;5: (25P21,) -*,

;, >8@P-8* ,63 4, 867-8*,. N*, 45; 65*=4/ 3E.D ,:4/ = :1*+4*2/ 2,4,+28:/

-7;84,* +4= +@,79, 4=D @,;4,+7,D ?9, ,:43E,4, E84,@C984,* Ć>. ,63 4,

39*,ª. G8 ,;?15-5 6;8PE, 2*;874,* 45 657=E, Á5 E5;4C15ª:

C1> )%/ ',!*; G3--12,91(*" */ 5)13. !64(13. )%/ */),&635* 81);. (13 A 5)í *5);6"*,

)13. +3)1>. )%. 7;6/'" % "!;* (13 )13. <(13. !,+:. +;6"*!344

Jí A)*/; 8/'>(*; =A/ 7+"*2(;/% A)*/, :O(;/*,

3818)'>1(*"ñ &*" )6;(: /1'6# (13ñ *8í )1 ,!"1 3-"&4 81>/*" 7+"*2(;/*

)* 4/'"6# (13;... 345 !95+6,<87 ;, BF+8* ,;<9F6*;= *B*34=4, +8 E7, 25P21,:

W6*,* !"*5&'!#5*(' D36,* 5)1 58,)" (53/;+'"* 5)%. />+)*. )í *(,-%)* (#&6%) (' )1>)í )% -,21/ )" $*((;/% (13 (>)%

5)%/ #&6%.

X2<, (861. 5)1 7,/1 513 *3)4 +*(12;-"1 &"í '5> (861. 5í *3)4 (13 )1 #/*3!1 76>!", 8'6,'621 '8*,@*(' ñ 1" !31 (*. ñ &*" );-'"1

8*"2/,!".

343 )63 45 657=E, Á5 65949,745 4=D "17S8 ',7=1:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 69. 344 )63 45 657=E, Á5 E5;4C15ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 23-24. 345 )63 45 657=E, Á5 E5;4C15ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 23-24.





111

(Ö) =* '2< 5)%. 8/1A. 513 2"* /* 7)#5: )1 (>61, ):/ 81!"</ (13 8*)< ñ 5)1 &'/4 ñ )". (3),)5'. &*" #+ 5)%/ &-:5)A (13 845'. 5)6;7: )6"2>6:

$1-),)5'..

F'; (13 0* &-#B:! G)617;. +:6,. /)#('. ñ (' );9* )* +;6"* (13 ñ (' 57#9'" ("* 9A-'"* 5)1/ *;6* /* 7;6/:, &*" /#+: 8*-#('.

!34 9>-"*Ö346

)+?@8*, +4=; 689*-9,@/ 45: T93;5: 2,4? 4=; 5657, 18*45:9-87 45

65*=4*23 8-F, :65B=1F;8* 4=; ,7+<=+= 4=D 6,9?;5*,D. G4=; 69,-E,4*234=4,

5 65*=4/D 695+6,<87 ;, 695R?118* ,63X8*D / 2,4,+4?+8*D ,11*F4*28D E8

15-*2/ 4565<C4=+=. Q,+:. +)>81 1" <6'., &*" 1" (;6'. 0-"$;.

ñ !,+:. +#6% ñ347

J;-1. 8#/):/ ;/* 51>681 0* 236,5: ñ48:. 51>8*ñ )1>)í )1 +64/1 A )1/ #--1/* ñ&" 48:. ;732* (4/1.ñ ;/* 51>681 813 (;5* )13 0#+'" 4-* )* 51>68*

&*" )* +64/"* 4-* 1 +64/1.. 348

J1 9A)%(* ',/*" )1 2 " * ) , ()%. 2/<5%. (13 )%. -,2%., )451 ',/*" )1 7:. &*" )451 % 5&;B% (13 '(;/* ',/í 0*(8A) /í */1,@'" 86;8'" % 846)* 8 6 " / 2"* /* (')# 5> 7>2'"., &"í 4+" /* &-',5'" *84 (')# ñ '/< 5> 0#+'. (8',Ö 349

G45 657=E, Á5 R,639*ª 45 65*=4*23 8-F T?;8* 4=; 8:2,*97, 45: ;,

@P-8* ,63 4, 39*, 45P45: 45: 23+E5:. J%/ *32A !'/ )4!*! G)* /'6# '861+<6'" ("* 26*((A ñ 813 )* 136#/"* 5(,2'" ñ 7"!:)A (13 !',+/'" 81>0' )1 $*846", 81>0' )1 $*846" (13, ',+' 7>2'".

J<6* 8"1 0-"((;/1. )%/ B3+A (13 */1,2: )6*213!', 8"&6# % ->8% '/)4. (13. ?+ ), '3&*"6,* 81>+*5* /* 7>2:

346 )63 45 657=E, Á5 R,1D T.97D ;4?E,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 57-58. 347 )63 45 657=E, ´G6,+EC;5 2,9?R*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D.E., 3.6., +. 44. 348 )63 45 657=E, Á5 -9?EE,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D.E., 3.6., +. 85. 349 )63 45 657=E, Á5 S/4=E,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3. 6., +. 37.





112

4@í *84 )* 46"* )13 &45(13!... 350

&* 6,9,6?;. +47T5* 8E@,;7S5;4,* +45 68S3 45: G2,97E6, :2 E(32 +2!

W984,#A E8 69.4,-.;*+4/ 45; );4F;= G5:95P6=. & G5:95P6=D -9?@8*

45:D +47T5:D ,:45PD 8;F 87;,* 218*+EC;5D +45 @98;525E875. A5 R,639*

5;5E?+4=28 ´)6572*,ª. H "1C;= L311*, ,;,@C98*: ´5 E=T,;*+E3D 6,9,-.-/D

2:97.; 5;5E?4.; 6,95:+*?S8* *B*,74895 8;B*,@C95; +45; G2,97E6,. A5

3;5E, ´)6572*,ª E8 45 56575 ,65B7B84,* ´45 R,639* 4.; 5;879.;ª 45:

G5:95P6=, E*, 2,* 6*+48P8* 6.D Eí ,:43 <, E659C+8* ;, R-8* C>. ,63 4, 39*,

45: 23+E5:, ,6548187 6,9,45;*+E3 4=D 1C>=D ´,65*27,ª, = 5657, +4=;

,9T,*34=4, +/E,*;8 4=; 631= 65: *B9P84,* +8 E*, >C;= TF9, ,63 E*, 5E?B,

,;<9F6.; 65: 8-2,4,18765:; 4=; 6,497B, 45:D. "2@9?S8* 7+.D 4=; ,;?-2=

45: /9., ;, 8-2,4,187X8* 4=; ,6?;<9.6=, -*í ,:43;, 69,-E,4*234=4, 2,* ;,

,;,S=4/+8* C;,; 23+E5 <,:E,+43. "45P4= = ,;,S/4=+= +8 +:;B:,+E3 E8 45

+PER515 45: 61575:, +PER515 818:<897,D 6,9,6CE65:; +45; :68998,1*+E3.

V11.+48 45 R,639* ´)6572*,ª 8E@,;7S84,* 2,* +45 4C15D 45: E:<*+459/E,45D

EC+, ,63 45 657=E, E8 47415 ´A5 R,639*ªY -9?@84,* 8;F 5 G5:95P6=D 87;,*

6*, 218*+EC;5D +45 @98;525E875, -8-5;3D 65: B=1F;8* 6.D 2,439<.+8 ;,

R-8* C>. ,63 4, 39*, 45: 23+E5: 2,* ;, 61?+8* C;,; 23+E5 B*23 45:, C+4. 2*

,; 5 /9.,D 45: 65*/E,45D T?;8* 45 B95E513-*3 65: <, *2,;565*5P+8 ,:4/

4=; 86*<:E7, 45: -*, @:-/.ª351 A5 +45*T875 4=D 49C1,D 45 56575 +8 +:;B:,+E3 E8 4= -1.++*2/ 2,*

;5=E,4*2/ ,295R,+7, 6,9,6CE68* +45 :68998,1*+4*23 27;=E, +:;,;4?E8 2,*

+45 657=E, :í ,-$84#,+= +2! "#,;24="2!#,: ?(* 0#+: ("*/ ñ *(7, ñ +);/*

'/)'&#81!%, 0í *81!%(A5: 5)13. 64($13..

X&',, 0* 8*)A5: ;/* 381!'&#(')61 813 0* )13 &*)*(')6#'" )13. 5732(1>. (13.

a5)'6*, 5)". !31 2:/,'. )%. 8-#)%. (13

0* (13 $213/ (*>6* (#)"*. F* 58#5'" )4)'. % 32',* (13

5' 8*6*--%-426*((* '8'"54!"*Ö

350 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 -9?EE,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D.E., 3.6., +. 85. 351 "1C;= L311*,: ´&* ;8515-*+E57 +45 G315 45: M7-2,9.ª, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007, +. 81.





113

=')#, 0#6013/ 1" $#6$*61" (' )í *&135)"&# )%. 5":8A. (13. D*" )4)' (4/1/ (< Q.X.^.) 0* (*5#: )'0-*5(;/'..

]3+ A))1/,

% *)(1(%+*/A )%. /3&)4. (4813 *8í )1 )9#(" )%. 1 (%+*/1!%24. )%. 0* $-;8'")

0* '8:#9'" ñ *3)A ñ )6,2:/* &*" *6"0(1>. !"*"6');13..

D*"64.; ñ : T--'"B". 03;--%.

ñ : F#-*55* 8*61"("<!%. ñ : ^ \*-&,!* ñ G'-A/% ñ 0#/*" &*0"5)A 5)%/ 136# )%.

5*/ 2#)*. 352 GPE@.;, E8 45; G:E8F; N. G4,E65:15P = :68998,1*+4*2/ :@/

2?65*.; +47T.; 45:, 5B=-87 45; 65*=4/ +4*D +:ER51*+4*2CD ,9TCD. );,@C98* 4,

8>/D -*, 45:D 6,9,6?;. +47T5:D: Á5 6C9,+E, ,63 4= 15-*2/ +4=; 49C1,,

,63 4=; 693S, 45: +:;8*B345D +45 65*=4*23 ,+P;8*B5D, ,63 45 cafÈ 4.; B*,;55:EC;.; +45 ?+:15 4.; @98;5R1,RF;, +:ER51565*874,* E8 4=;

68S513-=+= 65*=E?4.; :68998,1*+4*2/D -9,@/D, 36.D CT8* 6,9,4=9/+8* =

L.+475:. G4=; +:-28;49.4*2/ C2B5+= D6=1+A1 4.; +47T.; 45: (1976)

6954?++84,*, 3T* 4:T,7.D, 45 657=E, Áí ,@*-29,4? 45: R9,T52?R5:9,ª +47T5* 45: 56575: 68S515-5P;4,* +45 E(32 +2! W984,#A. (Ö) A5 6C9,+E, 45:

G2,97E6, ,63 45; :68998,1*+E3 86*R?1184,* ,63 4=; ,;,S/4=+= E*,D

1:49.4*2/D E5:+*234=4,D, 8;3D +315, 13-5: T?9*;, 45: Figaro, 65: <, 45;

5B=-/+8* 67+., +4*D 6=-CD 45: G:ER51*+E5P.ª353

)GC5<=L / >JCD=L G8 +47T5:D C;<845:D +4, 68S? 45: G2,97E6, -7;84,* 86721=+= +45;

%?95;4, 69528*EC;5: ;, ,65@8:T<87 5 <?;,45D: ÖC'6"&*-< 5' \#61/)* ñ &*" 5' \*61/)"5# )13 ñ

352 !57=E, Áí ,@*-29,4? 45: R9,T52?R5:9,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 3.6, +. 15. 353 G. N9. G4,E65:15P, C08./ +0/ 6*728#,-9,/ +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, )</;, 2006, +. 280.





114

J<6* 813 $2*,/: 2: (% $2'". )<6* 813 8#: (%/ 8#'"., 2"*)í ',/*" =#%. &"í #/1"@%,

&1/)# )1 &*-1&*,6" &*" 8*/ )* -#7"* 2"* /'64 &"í 1" /'"1" 2"* (*>6* (#)"*. C#: &"í '2< *84 &1/)#

/* )13. 71)#: /* 2-;813/Ö354 Z6.D ,;,@C98* 5 N. !,6,+4?E5D, ´-8;*2? = 657=+= 45: G2,97E6, B8;

87;,* 6,9? C;, ,613 49,-5PB*. "9.4*23 818-8*,23 ñ 5 <?;,45D 87;,* 6?;4,

+T8B3; 6,9F; ñ Eí C;, 1:-E3 65: @59CD +:-215;7S8*.ª355 &* +2,9*E6*257 +47T5* ,@/;5:; :63R,<95 <,;?45: 34,; 689*-9?@84,*

E*, -:;,*287, ñ 5;8*9*2/ E59@/ +8 2,4?+4,+= P6;5:: G>, )13 &4 - /*" )13 &46713 513 /* )6*$A@'". )%/ &4- 8")5* - &>(* )1 5)A01. 513 /* 7135&</'" -'3&4,

&*" 5)%/ &# - /*" 5)%/ &#(*6% 7:. /* -#(B'" 513, *764., 1 (%64., 1 (%64.Ö

J4)' 1 >8/1., )1 +;6" 513 0#60'" '&',, 5":8%-#,

/* 513 8"# - 5)1 &6'$#)" 513 ñ /* 513 8"#5'" *8*-#, &" *62364 8# 5)1 5)A01. 513 0* 5)1 $#-'" (' ("#.,

5*/ &*("#. C*/*2"#.!...356

H %9*+47;, (45:;*? +4= E81C4= 4=D ´)6=T/+8*D 45: ". ). !38 +45 C9-5

45: N*?;;= G2,97E6,ª, -9?@8*: ´& G2,97E6,D 2,4? R?<5D ,;,S=487 Eí 315:D

45:D 49365:D 4= @:-/ ,6í 4=; "49*2:E7, ,:45P 45: 23+E5:, ,23E= 2* ,; =

@:-/ ,:4/, E*+5+5R,9? ñ E*+5,+487,, 2,4,1/-8* 2?6548 ;, 87;,* 2* 5 <?;,45D.

H +6,+E.B*234=4? 45: 29PR8* ,6í 4=; ?11= 3X= 4=D 45 *B8FB8D 4=D =98E7,D

2,* 4=D ,2*;=+7,D: 45 6,*T;7B*+E, E8 4, 898<7+E,4, 4=D S./D, 4=; 6,9?11=1=

C1>= 45: <,;?45:. Á5 E5;4C15ª, ´H 25*E.EC;=ª, ´H E*29/ 2:97,ª, Á5

+6,+EC;5 2,9?R*ª, Á5 61575ª, 2,* E89*2? ?11, 25EE?4*, 45: E,D ,@/;5:;

354 )63+6,+E, ,63 45 68S3 45: G2,97E6, O 4!#= +0/ ,8=60/. (L?4. ,63 45; 47415 O 4!#= +0/ ,8=60/, :6?9T8* ,@*C9.+= R,#$&'.12 &+01 62$5+#$, V/9%, \S:D N. '!&0'H). O 4!#= +0/ ,8=60/ B=E5+*8P<=28 45 1930 +4= B82,68;</E89= E,<=4*2/ 8@=E897B, ),>0+$45 BA5 (,9. 12, 7.6.í30, +. 1-2) 355 N*F9-5: !,6,+4?E5: E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D N*?;;=D W. W,+BC2=D, )</;, 1986, +. 170. 356 !57=E, ´L5*E.EC;=ª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 45.





115

;, E,;4CX5:E8 2?4. ,6í 4=; 86*@?;8*, 45 +2548*;3 X:T515-*23 45:

:63+49.E, 2,* 4*D +:--C;8*CD 45: E8 45; !38 2,* 45; L,9:.4?2=.ª357

G45 ´G6,+EC;5 2,9?R*ª, 45 E547R5 45: <,;?45: B*,689;?4,* +45;

,;,-;F+4= ,63 45; 69F45 +47T5: G8*5(;/1 &*6#$" /#(*", 8;6* $*0"#

ñ ;)5" /#(*" ñ (' +<6". &*)#6)"*, (' +<6". 8*/"#

/* &1"(#(*". H#/í *76#)1. 1 )481. &" % *&)A /'&6"&A

2>6: 2>6:, (' &137#6" 236)4 &*" (' 8-<6% '&',

813 0* 2',6:. H#/í % 0#-*55* #B3+% &*" )* B#6"* /'&6#

ñ ;)5" /#/*"! ñ (Ö)358

T)5" /#(*" &*6#$" 2&6'("5(;/1, /'&64 ñ ;)5" /#(*" ñ

5í *((13!"# 8'0*(;/% &*" 5' &1>7"1 /'64, /* &1"(#(*"Ö359

A5 +45*T875 45: <,;?45: +:;B:?S84,* E8 45 495E893 +*.6=13 R,639*.

A5 65*=4*23 8-F B8; 86*R*R?S84,* +45 R,639* 45: 56575: = 86*R1=4*2/ 3X=

45; 87T8 495E529,4/+8*Y C4+* CT,+8 2,* 4=; 8:2,*97, 45: ;, @P-8* C>. ,63 4,

39*, 45: 23+E5:. ñ @;6: ñ ;/*. &6>7"1. 0* (' 7;6'" !64(1.

4@í *84 )* 46"* )13 &45(13.

?+ !35)3+"5(;/1. ;&-*"2* 4-% />+)* )". 861')1"(*5,'. &#/1/)*. )13 ?!% &" 4-1 )1 $*846" 6'>1/)*/ &" *->+)* ñ >*"/* )37-A ñ (;5í 5)1 5&1)#!".

(Ö) ?+ ), '3&*"6,* 81>+*5* /* 7>2: 4@í *84 46"* )13 &45(13!... 360

357 %9*+47;, (45:;*?, ´)6=T/+8*D 45: ". ). !38 +45 C9-5 45: N*?;;= G2,97E6,ª, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007, +81. 243. 358 )63 45 657=E, ´G6,+EC;5 2,9?R*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 44. 359 )63 45 657=E, ´G6,+EC;5 2,9?R*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 44. 360 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 R,639*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 30-31.





116

A,>*B8P5;4,D E8 49,7;5, 45 65*=4*23 8-F ,;,9.4*C4,* ,; 87;,* 86*R?4=D

8;3D +:;=<*+EC;5: E84,@59*25P EC+5: / ,; 2?;8* 4,>7B* E,29*? ,63 ,:43;

45; 23+E5 +,; ;, R97+284,* EC+, +8 @C98495: D*" 8#'" 5*/ #5)61 &" :. (;5í 5í >8/1 &*" 1>!' @;6: 2"* /* 8: */ 5' 81,1: */ (;5í 5' 7;6')61 &',)1(*" A 5' -,&/1, */ ',/*" )6*,/1 *3)4 &" '2< )18,1.361

G45 657=E, ´H17,D N. G2,97E6,Dª, ,654:6F;84,* = X:T515-*2/

2,4?+4,+= 45: 6,4C9, 65: CT,+8 45; 8>?T95;5 -*5 45: 2,* 45; <9=;87. C#/: (13 % />+)* A)*/ 2'6(;/% &*" (' &3))1>5' % 5":8A )%. &" A)*/ % 0-,B% (13 *7%(;/%

ñ $#6&* (' &1>7"1 )1 &138, )%. ñ

5í *(,-%):/ /'6</ )1 !64(1. D" '2< /'&6A )%/ >8*6@A 513 )%/ '861$4!*2* 5)1/ <(1 2"* )1 )*@,!" )%. *$>5513Ö

(Ö)

&" A)*/ @:8,5: (13 &" *->+)* &*" 57361&48*' '/)4. (13

$*6"# 1 630(4. )%. 0>(%5A. 513 (Ö)362

!958*25;7S84,* 45 E547R5 45: <,;?45:, +8 693+.6,:

D*" )1 (81),/" 513 ñ B%-4 )*&1>/" ñ )* +;6"* &6,/1" (&6,/1", A (%/ ;)1"(* /í *81!%(A513/' 813-"# )13 */;(13;)

(Ö) &*" D>6"' (13! D,)6"/% &" #22"*+)%, ("&6A &*" &6>*,

(' ("* 5)1 (;):81 64!* *8í )". (81>&-'. 513 5&;6)51 /* &#/'", (' )* (81),/"* 513 ñ ('2#-% &"4-*.! ñ 5* ("* D36,*

813 0* 8'0#/'"Ö363

361 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 49,7;5ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E. 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 103-104. 362 )63 45 657=E, ´H17,D N. G2,97E6,Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 37. 363 )63 45 657=E, ´H E*29/ 2:97,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 65-66.





117

& <?;,45D 6958*25;7S84,* 867+=D +45 657=E, ´A5 61575ª: +45 .T93

693+.65 4=D E5*9,7,D, E81,-T51*2/D L:97,D 45: 65*/E,45D, 2,* E8 45

,693+E8;5 4C15D 45: 65*/E,45D: V % D36,*, % D36,* *3)A % (1"6*,* (' 8#/)* )1 $"$-,1 ñ )<6* ñ < /#)% ñ

&637# )1 5&# *8í )%/ 846)*, &"í ',/í :6*,*,

(* :+6AÖ X/< )1 8-1,1 8-;'" (A !'/ 8-;'";) )1/ 8-1,*6+1 &6*)', &" *+/A &*" &6>*:

- ´P61,&%5* 5*/ &#81"1 ),/*2(*ª )13 -;'" - =* $;$*"*, $30"94('0* D36,*!... 364

& 65*=4/D 6958*25;7S8* 45; B*23 45: <?;,45 +45 657=E, ´Dona mia Portolesª .D X:T515-*23 ,654C18+E, 45: T.9*+E5P 45: ,63 4=; ,-,6=EC;=

45:. !,95:+*?S84,* E7, E8115;4*2/ +2=;/ <,;?45:Y 45: B*25P 45: <,;?45:: X7'>2*/ F'; (13 861. )13. !64(13. )13 /45)13 ñ !45)13, !45)13 /#+'", 5*/ 0* (' 7;613/' 5)13. <(13. ):/, );55*6'. &*" 5> (1/#+%Ö365

"67+=D: F* 8'0#/: ñ 2"* ;6:)* &*0<. ("* $6*!"# 0* 8%2*,/: 5*/ í/* 4(1671 *26,(" 813 )1 )6*$#'" )1 /'6#&" ñ 0* (' 5&1>@'" 8*6#@'/1 ;/* 813-, +)38%(;/1,

% * 2 # 8 % ñ 2 ' 6 # & " Ö366

A5 7B*5 E547R5 R1C65:E8 2,* +45 657=E, ´"ER,4/9*5 N,E/1*5Öª, 365:

= -,E/1*, 48184/ 6,95E5*?S84,* E8 48184/ 2=B87,D: =;. 5)% 5"2A 813 (í #7%5'. )%. ;6%(13 )6*213!"5)# (' 8#'" % ->8% < 7,-%,

)*(81>6-1 (*>61 '2< &6*)< 5)1 +;6" (13, &"í *3)A )613(8;)* &4&&"/% 5)* +',-%.

(Ö) D*" 4-1 8#(', 8#('Ö ^ 9:1>-* (13, 45* 4/'"6* 2-3&# ',+' 2"* 5;/*

*&1-1301>/ ñ -'. 2#(1 ñ *246"* 1>-* (13 (*$"# &'6"# &6*)</)*. */*((;/*.

364 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 61575,ª 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 63-64. 365 )63 45 657=E, ´Dona mia Portolesª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 109. 366 )63 45 657=E, ´":<,;,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, ++. 25 ñ 26.





118

D"í 4-1 )6*$#'"Ö )6*$#'" (*&6"#Ö. 5*/ A-"1" (13

&*" 5*/ 7:)4. 81)#(" ñ% 53/1!',*Ö. (Ö)

2*(864 ;-* )<6* 7,-"' (' 5)* +',-% (13, (' 6>9" ;-* (13 6#/' )%/ &%!',*Ö367

"67+=D: F* 8'0#/: ñ 2"* ;6:)* &*0<. ("* $6*!"# 0* 8%2*,/: 5*/ í/* 4(1671 *26,(" 813 )1 )6*$#'" )1 /'6#&" ñ 0* (' 5&1>@'" 8*6#@'/1 ;/* 813-, +)38%(;/1,

% * 2 # 8 % ñ 2 ' 6 # & " Ö368 "67+=D ,;,@59? -7;84,* +45; B*23 45: 4?@5:

=* 4+" 1" M&*!%(*O&1, )%. P6*(*5,-"*, 8*6# '5> 5)1/ )#71 (í A-"' (í 5)6#B' &" *7A/1/)*. )13. +1,613. 513 ñ *(,-'"*

(13 &#)5' &*" &-#B'Ö369 "67+=D:

D*" ñ <5)' ñ (+:6,. 5)1/ <(1 )13, )1 '6>061- 86#5"/1 8)<(* (13 &*/',/ /* )1/ $*6*,/'") /'&64/ 0* (í ;$6'" % \*-&,!* 5í ;/* 6',061 ;6%(13 !64(13; (C4' ñ ;)5" /* 2;/'";) D*" 1>)' ñ (13 ñ ("* &%!',* &13/'/;;

M3)4 ñ /*"Ö370

!,9315 65: 45 65*=4*23 8-F E*1? -*, 45; <?;,43 45:, 8;45P45*D +45

657=E, ´[T. B5:18*?ª, = 86*<,;?4*, ,4E3+@,*9, B8; 87;,* 2,<315: R,9*?.

);4*<C4.D, 5 65*=4/D -7;84,* 495R,B5P95D 4=D S./D, 2,* +,; 45; -1?95 65:

684? 818P<895D (36.D 4, 6157, 65: @8P-5:;) C4+* 2,* 45 65*=4*23 8-F ,@/;8*

45 E:,13 45: 818P<895 ;, B=E*5:9-/+8* +4=; 2?E,9? 45:, ;, R:<*+487 +8 C;,

R*R175 2,* @8P-8* E,29*? ,63 4, 8-23+E*,. ):4/ 45: = @:-/ <, +=E,45B54=<87

2?6548 2,* E8 45; R*515-*23 45: <?;,45. !95D 45 6,93; 3E.D 5 65*=4/D ´CT8*

B5:18*?ª. V6* &*-A 5)13 *8',613 )%/ &*6!"#

2-#6' (13 $6*!3/; 813 7'>2'". ñ 8-1,1,

367 )63 45 657=E, ´"ER,4/9*5 -,E/1*5Öª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 121. 368 )63 45 657=E, ´":<,;,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, ++. 25 ñ 26. 369 )63 45 657=E, ´)--C1.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 83. 370 )63 45 657=E, ´):43 ñ (,*!ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 140.





119

(')# *84 5;/* % />+)*, % 5"2*-"#, % &#(*6# (13, ;/* 7:5#&", ;/* $"$-,1.

(Ö) D" *84 &1/)# ñ -',8'" *84 (*. 81); 1 5'$/)#.; ñ #+ /* 8'0#/: ;+: !13-'"# 2-#6' (13 ñ 8-1,1

;/* $6*!#&" 813 -'3&4. 5> 0* 8')#. 5*/ /#5*" )1 */1"2(;/1 (13 $"$-,1Ö371

A5 65*=4*23 8-F 2?;8* E5*9513* 45; 63;5 45: -*, 45 <?;,45 4=D

,-,6=EC;=D 45:. & <?;,45D 4=D 86*+2*?S8* 315 45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª: !' 0* 03(#(*" )13 )#713 513 )1 (*!%(;/1 2'6#/",

(A)' 5)í *-A0'"* 8:. 5í ;+*5* &#81"* $6*!"# 5&1)'"/A.372

"67+=D:

C;0*/'! C<. )%/ ;-'2*/ @'+/#:Ö ñ +#0%&' (*9, )%. % +*6#, )1 7<. (13 ñ373

& 7B*5D 5E515-87 6.D E3;5 34,; 68<?;8* <, 4=; CT8* >8T?+8*:

F* 5' @'+#5: ;/* *842'(* 813 0#+: ñ ), :6*,*! ñ 8'0#/'" &*" 0#(*" *!"#7161. &" #2/1"*5)1., !,+:. &*6!"# /* 81/',,374

M--# 861 8#/):/ 0* +*,613(*" (*/ +*,6')í % #B3+% >-%)

4)" 2"* +#6% 513 8;0*/*, &" *. (% )1 ',8* 81);: ´Ö X,+' @'+#5'", &*(</1/)*/ ñ 0* -;/ @:8,5: (í 1" 7,-1" ñ :. &*" )1 +6<(* *8í )* (#)"* )%.Ö J, 0'*)6,/1., \6"5);!...ª. 375

A5 657=E, ´M*-*C44, N. !;8:E,4*25Pª, -9?@4=28 -*, 45 <?;,45 4=D

3E59@=D -:;,72,D: D" ;732' ñ #+! C1"1. @;6'" 81> )%. 71>5)*. )%., *6"#, )1/ 2>61 3B</'" &*" 8*)', ñ D36,* )%. H>+)*. 86<)% ñ &*" (4/1 *7A&' !< &" '&',, 5*/ ("* 5'"6# &'6"#,

)* 7:)'"/# ):/ )*&13/"</ )%. +/#6"* (;5í 5)* 5&4)%Ö376

371 )63 45 657=E, ´[T. B5:18*?ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 28. 372 )63 45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 40. 373 )63 45 657=E, ´A9813D;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 68 374 )63 45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 40. 375 )63 45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 40. 376 )63 45 657=E, ´M*-*C44, N. !;8:E,4*25Pª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E. , 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 19.





120

!37>8 / 4368

H +*.6=1/ ,4E3+@,*9, E84,@C98* +45:D +47T5:D 45: G2,97E6, 4*D

E:+4*2*+4*2CD 2,4,R51CD 45: 95E,;4*+E5P. G4= +*.6=1/ 8*23;, 8;3D

+6,+EC;5: 2,9,R*5P E8 45 56575 4,:47S84,* 45 65*=4*23 8-F, 5 ,;,-;F+4=D

8*+C9T84,* +8 E7, ,4E3+@,*9, 2,4,;:24*2/. H#/í % 0#-*55* #B3+% &*" )* B#6"* /'&6#

ñ ;)5" /#/*"! ñ &*" )* $6#+"* &*)#8-%+)* &*" )í *5);6"* (*&6"#

/* &3))#/'Ö Q,+:. +)>81 1" <6'., &*" 1" (;6'. 0-"$;.

ñ !,+:. +#6% ñ &" ;)5" &1>7"1 &" *&,/%)1 (;5í 5' />+)'. $13$;.,

)1 7'22#6". 377

G)1 58")# - )1 58")#&" 513 % 5":8A, % 5":8A /#60'" - />5)* &*" ;6:)*. ñ /* 513 8'", /* 513 8'":378

H +*.6/ 86*29,487 4= ;PT4, +4=; 631= 4=D %,127B,D = 5657,

´25*E?4,*ª. A5 E547R5 4=D +*.6/D ,61F;84,* +8 315 45 657=E,Y E5;,B*23

+45*T875 65: +6?8* 4= +*-/ 87;,* 5 ,C9,D 45: E6?4= 25;4? +4*D R?928D.

G*.6=1? 87;,* 2,* 4, 693+.6, 45: 65*/E,45D +45 ´H O8+65*;7D J. !.ª: 5' &3))1>5*(' 0-"((;/1", 5":8%-1,

&*" 2-3&1,. D*" (*(9;-* (*. !%-- *!A 1 *;6*. )13 (8#)%

(*. '-,&/"9' 5' -,21 ñ */1"+)# % $#6&* '861+<6'"

(Ö) &*" &1"(4)*/ 5)%. />+)*. )* $>0"*

% \*-&,!* 5$%5)# ñ 379

377 !57=E, ´G6,+EC;5 2,9?R*ª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 44. 378 !57=E, ´L5*E.EC;=ª. )63 4=; 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 45. 379 )63 45 657=E, ´H O8+65*;7D J. !.ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 46-47.





121

H +*.6/ <8.98745 25*;3 E897B*5 4.; -:;,*2F; 8*B*2? +4*D ,+@:24*2CD

218*+4CD 25*;.;78D, E8 4=; ?2,E64= BP;,E= 4.; 2.B*2F; +:E689*@59?D. A,

,BP;,E,-<=1:2? EC9= 2,4,B*2?S5;4,; +4= +*.6/, +4=; :654,-/ 2,* +4=;

695?+6*+= 4=D 6,9<8;*2/D 4*E/D 45:D, +4=; 867B5+= B=1,B/ 2,* +4=;

695R51/ ,2=17B.4.; +8>5:,1*2F; B*,6*+48:4=97.;.380 H -:;,72, R9*+234,; +45 689*<F9*5 45: 13-5:Y 28;? 2,* ,65+*.6/+8*D

/4,; 45 R,+*23 E897B*5 45: 13-5: 45:D. "-21.R*+EC;= +8 ,;,63B9,+45

689*R?115; 87;,* 2,* = -:;,*287, E59@/ +45:D 6,9,2?4. +47T5:D. H -:;,*287,

+*.6/ +4=; 5657, :65R?1184,* 45 <=1:23 65*=4*23 8-F, 8>,*47,D 45:

+:ER51*25P B*,25+E=4*25P 9315: 65: 2,4CT8* .D S.-9,@*? +8 R?S5, 4=;

2?;8* ;, <C18* ;, ,65B9?+8* 2,* ;, -7;8* = ,;,4956C,D E*, 4?>=D 69,-E?4.;: F'; (13! D,/*! D*" 5)6*$,9: 5*/ /'"12;//%-

)1 2*),. (Ö)

5)1 8165'-*/, (13 +*(12;-"1, (' )* (#)"* 8*6!*-# ñ F'; (13 ), >71.

);-'"1!

H* 8%!A@: *84 )1 $#91 (13; J, 746(* '/4. 5&,)513 ñ &,/%5%. 5*/ )4@1 ñ

7<. )1 24/*, 7<. )1 8A!%(*, :. 0* <6(** 5)* 4@:.381

H +*.6/ 86*29,487 +45 1:9*23 49,-5PB* 45: 65*=4/ -*, 4*D 5E59@*CD

E*,D -:;,*287,D P6,9>=D = 5657, 689;?8* ,63 E695+4? 45:. G45 657=E, ´H

?-;.+4=ª, 45 E3;5 65: ,25P-84,* 87;,* = E5:+*2/ ,6í 4, 95PT, 4=D 2,* 45

8ER,4/9*5 ,63 4, 4,25P;*, 4=D. A, 693+.6, 87;,* ,E71=4,Y +,; ;, ,@/;5;4,*

+4=; ,7+<=+= 4=D 39,+=D 2,* +45:D /T5:D 4=D 8>.489*2/D 8;B:E,+7,D 65:

695+B*597S5:; 45 ?45E5. (í #2/:5)1 8#)%(* 81!"1> &*" )637'64 (35)A6"1,

5)1 8'91!64(" &61>1/)*. :6*,* '6%("&A, ):/ )*&13/"</ )%. )1 21624 &" '6:)"&4 '($*)A6"1.

G)#0&* 5)%)4., )% (135"&A 261"&</)*. )13 *-*761>

&3(*)"5(1> ):/ 61>+:/ )%. ñ &" '/)4. (13 4,)" ',+' 58#5'" &" A)*/ )6*+>, 5)%. 71>5)*. )%. )1 '32'/"&4 761>-761>,382

380 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'2#-?&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 192/ ñ 20(/ ,$?1,/, 82B3+8*D LCB95D (2= C2B5+=), 2001, +. 177. 381 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 R?S5ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E, 3.6., +. 105.





122

A5 65*=4*23 8-F 87;,* +*.6=13, T?;84,* +4*D +2CX8*D 45: 2,* ,@/;84,*

+4= B=E*5:9-*234=4, 4=D @,;4,+7,D 45:: D#)" A)*/ 5*/ B;(* &" A(13/ (1/*+4. (13 (;5í 5)% 5":8%-A (13 ñ 84+: 8#/)* ñ )6;-*. V ;/* 5)4(* ñ */ A)*/ ñ 0#!"/* )1 7:. (13 &#)" /* (13 '(,-'"', &#)" /* (13 '2;-*Ö

?@*7/* '&', (864. (13 (), *5)6*8A!) ;/í *(#@" 5)#0%&' &*" ("í #2/:5)% (' *"0;6"* +#6%,383

H +*.6/ 86*29,487 +45 ,E71=45 @1894 8;3D S8:-,9*5P:

W6*,1 &*" 8'6,'621 ñ D36,* ñ 8*"+/,!" '8*,@*(' 1" !31 (*. (í '32;/'"* 5)1 @,71., ñ 81/)#6*(' 5' 4-*, 5)* (#)"*, 5)1 76>!"

5)1 >71..384

'C+, ,63 4=; ,;,S/4=+= 45: C9.4, 2,* 4=D 86*<:E7,D, 45 65*=4*23 8-F

-7;84,* :65287E8;5 45: C9.4,. ´H T95;*234=4, 4=D -9,@/D 2,* 45: C9.4,

+:;,-81?S5;4,* 2,* 86*49C65:; +45 :65287E8;5 ;, S/+8* E*, T95;*2/ B*?928*,,

4=D 5657,D = 65*34=4, B8; CT8* 2,E*? +TC+= E8 45; +:ER,4*23 T93;5. ):4/ =

B*,B*2,+7, 695]65<C48* C;, +*.6?;, T?9*; 45: 56575: 5* +:;/<8*D 15-*2CD

,2515:<78D 45: 6;8PE,45D B7;5:; 4= <C+= 45:D +45 13-5 4=D E84,@59?D. !54C

?11548 +*.6/ 2,* 657=+= B8 +:;:6?9T5:; 43+5, 6,9? 34,; ,--7S5:E8 4=;

8E68*97, 4=D C;4,+=D 4=D 86*<:E7,D 2,* 45: C9.4,ª.385 ´H 2,9B*? 45:

,;<9F65: .9,7, +,; +8*+E5@?-5D. W,+*187, 4=D +*.6/Dª.386 ´A5 +*.6?; +:;5B8P84,* C4+* ,63 C;,; 59*+E3 4=D ,45E*234=4,D EC+,

+45; 56575 45 ë8-Fí (69F45 8;*23) CT8* ,;?-2= ,63 45 ë8+Pí -*, ;, 382 )63 45 657=E, ´H ?-;.+4=ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 27. 383 )63 45 657=E, ´V--815D 8@?;= E5*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 78-79. 384 )63 45 657=E, ´[;, 61575 E8 P@5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 113. 385 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D 45: ?115: .D ,;,-2,7, 695]63<8+= B*,E39@.+=D 4=D 4,:434=4,D +8 -,11*2? 2,* 811=;*2? :68998,1*+4*2? 15-548T;*2? 287E8;,ª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, &+0 3282+*;19, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., (Wí O*8<;CD G:;CB9*5 ñ !9,24*2?), 82B3+8*D O3E5D, )</;, 2000, +. 288. 386 );B9C,D '69843;, N=1+$,, E*4@9. G4. L5:E,;5PB=D, \X*15;, 1981, +. 149.





123

,652,1:@<87. "7;,* 45 ë8-Fí (69F45 8;*23) 65: B8; E*1? ,11? ,25P8* 4= @.;/

4=D 848934=4,D 45: ?115:. H +*.6/ 87;,* <8E81*FB=D EC+, +4= B*89-,+7, 45:

C9.4, -*,47 :@7+4,4,* ,;?E8+, +4=; :6528*E8;*234=4, 45: ?;49, 2,* +4=;

:6528*E8;*234=4, 4=D -:;,72,D, 2,* B8; 69C68* ;, :689289,+<87 5P48 E8 13-*,

5P48 E8 6,9,+4?+8*D, ,11? ;, B*,@:1,T<87 2,* ;, 2,11*89-=<87. "7;,*

<8E81*FB=D 43+5 -*, 45 -7-;8+<,* 45: 2?<8 EC15:D 4=D +TC+=D 3+5 2,* -*, 45

-7-;8+<,* 4=D 7B*,D 4=D 89.4*2/D +TC+=D 2,* :6CT8* 4= <C+= 695+4,48:4*2/D

B*2187B,D 4=D S./D 2,* 4=D B*,@59?D ,;?E8+, +4, BP5 EC1= 4=D +:;?;4=+=D,

E*,D B*,@59?D 65: B8; E65987 ;, 82@9,+487.ª387 B%-# 5)% 5)A-% )%. 5"2A. (*., 8#/: (13 5)6;7'" &*0í *5);6", 236,9'" &#):0; (13 % P% (*.388.

A5 7B*5 +*-=13 217E, 86*29,487 34,; = ,-,6=EC;= ,@/;8* E3;5 45: 45

65*=4*23 8-F. A5 E3;5 65: E65987 8287;5D ;, ,25P8* 87;,* 5* 4:E6,;5295:+78D 4=D E8-?1=D 45: 1P6=D:

=;. 5)% 5"2A 813 (í #7%5'. )%. ;6%(13 )6*213!"5)# (' 8#'" % ->8% < 7,-%,

)*(81>6-1 (*>61 '2< &6*)< 5)1 +;6" (13, &"í *3)A )613(8;)* &4&&"/% 5)* +',-%. 389

387 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D 45: ?115: .D ,;,-2,7, 695]63<8+= B*,E39@.+=D 4=D 4,:434=4,D +8 -,11*2? 2,* 811=;*2? :68998,1*+4*2? 15-548T;*2? 287E8;,ª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, &+0 3282+*;19, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., (Wí O*8<;CD G:;CB9*5 ñ !9,24*2?), 82B3+8*D O3E5D, )</;, 2000, ++. 288 ñ 289. 388 )63 45 657=E, ´!*293 65:1?2*ª, B=E5+*8:EC;5 +4=; 8@=E897B, H@#$62/, 4.T. 2, %,127B,, 20/6/1931. )63 4, 69F*E, 65*/E,4, 45: G2,97E6,. 389 )63 45 657=E, ´"ER,4/9*5 -,E/1*5Öª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 121.





124

4. "= HQ9= :53 E HB93:8 <5B<;<E<5 4<5 >=38I5<5 <=B !:5A?I>5.

'CKA=6BC?5.

(\6,9>= 2,* 45: ,9+8;*25P 2,* 45: <=1:25P, 2:97.D .D S8:-?9*,, ,11?

2,* 695+F6.; 65: 18*45:9-5P; B*+:63+4,4, .D 695D 45 @P15 45:D ñ CT5:; ,E@79956= +8>5:,1*2/ 2,48P<:;+=.)

H E84,-8;C+489= 564*2/ 45: L,91 N25P+4,R N*5:;-2 C<8+8 867

4?6=45D 45 <CE, 4=D X:T515-*2/D ,;B95-:;7,DY 4=D P6,9>=D X:T*2F;

T,9,24=9*+4*2F; 2,* 4.; BP5 @P1.; +8 C;, ?45E5, 65: R97+25;4,* <,EEC;, +45 :65+:;87B=45.390 G8 2?<8 ,;<9F6*;5 5; 8;:6?9T5:; +45*T87,

,;B95-:;7,D (69.4,9T*2? 2,* @:+*2? +8 1,;<?;5:+, E59@/), ,11? =

25*;.;7, 87;,* ,:4/ 65: E84C68*4, 86*49C68* / ,6549C68* 4=; 82B/1.+/ 4=D.

GPE@.;, E8 4= Cynthia Secor ´= ,;B95-:;7, 87;,* = *2,;34=4, 8;3D ,43E5:

565*5:B/6548 @P15: ;, 8;+.E,4F;8* 45 61/98D @?+E, 4.; ,;<9.67;.;

T,9,24=9*+4*2F; 4=D 695+.6*234=4,D, 6,9? 4*D 365*8D 651*4*+E*2CD

695+6?<8*8D ;, E84,49CX5:; 2?65*, ?45E, +8 ,65218*+4*2? <=1:6986/ / +8

,65218*+4*2? ,;B956986/ª391. G45; 15-548T;*23 TF95 = 86CER,+= +8 @:1*2? 59*S3E8;5:D <8+E5PD

E8 +2563 4=; 2,4?99*X/ 45:D 87;,* 8:2513489, 86*49864/ T?9*; 4=D 65*=4*2/D ,B87,D. H Helena Cixous B*,4P6.+8 34* ´E3;5 5* 65*=4CD CT5:; ,:43 45

T?9*+E, -*,47 = 657=+= 695]65<C48* 4=; ?;41=+= 4=D BP;,E=D392 ,63 45

,+:;87B=45Ö 87;,* 45 EC95D 365: 5* 2,4,6*8+EC;5* 2,4,@C9;5:; ;,

86*R*F+5:;ª. Z4,; 45 ,@=-=E,4*23 ,9+8;*23 ´8-Fª ,;,S=4? 4=; 51521/9.+= 4=D

4,:434=4?D 45:, B8; -7;84,* ;, E=; 2,4,1/>8* +4=; ,;,S/4=+= 4=D ,-,6=EC;=D

-:;,72,D. ):4/ = B*,B*2,+7, 87;,* 2,* = PX*+4= 2,4?1=>= 4=D -8;*23489=D

,;,S/4=+=D 45: 8,:45P 45:.

390 "P= O?11,: ´H 8>C1*>= 8;3D 395:ª, 689*5B*23 V$,"=7A, 4.T. 429, '?*5D 2002, +. 100. 391 Secor Cynthia. ìThe Androgyny Papersî. Womenís studies: An interdisciplinary Journal 2.2, 1974, +. 140. 392 Cixous Helene. ´The laugh of the Medusaª, Signs 1.4, (1975), +. 337.





125

& C9.4,D ,;?E8+, +45 ,9+8;*23 ´8-Fª 2,* +45 <=1:23 ´8+Pª B8;

5B=-87 +4=; ,65993@=+= 4=D 848934=4,D 45: ?115: 2,* 4=; 4,P4*+= E,S7 45:,

+4=; ,2*;=+7, B=1,B/ E*,D +P;<8+=D 4.; B*,@59F;, ,11? ,;47<84,, +4=;

51521=9.4*2/ ,65B5T/ 2,* B*,4/9=+= 4=D B*,@59?D 4.; BP5 @P1.;. [4+* 5

C9.4,D 87;,* 45 EC+5 -*, 4= B*,E39@.+= 4=D 4,:434=4,D 45: 2?<8

:6528*EC;5: 2?4* 65: :65+4=97S84,* 2,* ,63 4*D ,9TCD 4=D :68998,1*+4*2/D =<*2/D. ´& ?115D 6,9,EC;8* 6?;4, C;, E:+4/9*5 -*, 45 :65287E8;5 13-. 4=D

B*,@59?D 45: @P15:. ):43 45 E:+4/9*5 +:;BC84,* E8 4=; ,1/<8*, 45: ?115:

65: 6,9,EC;8* +8 ,;,S/4=+=, ,T8*9,-F-=4=, 65: @.47S8* T.97D ;,

,652,1P648* 8;481FD, B*,@:1?++5;4,D 4= B*,@59? ,;?E8+, +4, BP5 ?;49,D--:;,72,, C4+* F+48 = 89.4*2/ +:;?;4=+= ;, -7;84,* C;, EC+5 B*,@P1,>=D 4=D

848934=4,D 2,* B*,E39@.+=D 4=D 4,:434=4,D, T47+*E5 4=D :6528*E8;*234=4,D

EC+, ,63 4=; C;;5*, 4=D B*:6528*E8;*234=4,D.ª393 ):4/ = +:;8T/D ,;,S/4=+= 45: 89.4*25P +45*T875: 45 56575 <,

51521=9F+8* 45; ?115, 29PR8* 4= B*,4/9=+= 4=D 8-9/-59+=D 2,* 4=D B*,925PD

27;=+=D 2,* 2,4í 86C24,+= 4=; C261=>=, 45; <,:E,+E3 ,11? 2,*

+:E689*@59CD 5* 56578D ,;4*R,7;5:; 45:D 2FB*28D 4=D ,65B824/D ñ

25*;.;*2?ñ +:E689*@59?D, 87;,* 3E.D 86*49864CD +4, :68998,1*+4*2? *B8FB=

2,<FD 86*49C65:; +45; ?;<9.65 ;, 2*;874,* 818P<89,. AC45*, +45*T87,

+:;,;4?E8 2,* +45:D +2,9*E6*25PD +47T5:D. )@595P; 8748 4=; 695+E5;/ 45:

S8:-,9FE,45D 8748 4=; 69,-E,45657=+= 45: S8:-,9FE,45D +8 86768B5

@,;4,+4*23 / 6;8:E,4*23 (/ ,23E, B8; ,@/;84,* ;, ;5=<87 -*, 47 87B5:D

S8:-?9.E, 69328*4,*) 8748 ,@59? 693+.6, 4, 5657, +:-28;49F;5:;

+45*T87, ,;B93-:;,.

U8:-?9*,: & )9*+45@?;=D ,;C@898 34* 4, 3;4, /4,; 2?6548 89E,@93B*4, 2,*

+495--:1? 2,* ,63 4= +4*-E/ 65: ,:43 45 ,;B93-:;5 5; T.97+4=28 ,63 45;

O7, +8 BP5 25EE?4*,, 2,<C;, ,63 ,:4? X?T;8* ,B*?256, ;, >,;,R98<87, ;,

>,;,+T=E,4*+487 .D 5134=4,, 689*61,;FE8;5 2,* ,;,S=4F;4,D 45 ?115

T,EC;5 25EE?4*.394 H ,7+<=+= 4=D 61=934=4,D 65: 82@9?S84,* +45; !1?4.;,

393 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D [Ö]ª, (.6.., +. 293. 394 !1?4.;5D, E!'6(&$21, %IV, XVI.





126

87;,* = 86*<:E7, -*, C;.+= 6,9? 86*<:E7, -*, 2,4?24=+=. A5 ,;B93-:;5

S8:-?9* <C18* ;, B8* 45; 8,:43 45: 8;.EC;5 T.97D ´?115;ª, T.97D 848934=4,,

,-;5F;4,D 4= B*,@59?. ):4/ = ?65X= RCR,*, R97+284,* +8 ,;4*B*,+451/ E8

4=; ?65X= 4.; :68998,1*+4F;, 34* = ,;B95-:;7, 695]65<C48* 4=; ,65B5T/

4=D 848934=4,D 2,* -*í ,:43 86*29,487 = 27;=+= 2,* 3T* = ,2*;=+7, (13-. 4=D

,631:4=D 4,P4*+=D). "P+45T, 86*+=E,7;8* = O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15: 34* 5 C9.4,D-

+P;4=>= E8 45 [;, 8;CT8* 45; 27;B:;5 4=D ,6?18*X=D 4=D 848934=4,D.395 G:;8T7S8* :65+4=97S5;4,D 34* -*, ;, :6?9>8* = <=1:234=4, .D ,>7,, +:;8T/D

86,--817, +45 :68998,1*+4*23 68B75, = 5657, <, 87;,* *2,;/ ;, 5B=-/+8* 45;

?;49,-65*=4/ +4=; ,1=<*;/ 45: P6,9>=, 69C68* = -:;,72, .D ?115D ;,

,9;=<87 45 [;,, 4= +P;4=>=, 4=; 86*+495@/ +45 ,B*,@595657=45 315, ;,

,9;=<87 45 ,;B93-:;5396, 65: 36.D 8P+45T, 6,9,4=987 = Kristeva, ´87;,* E*,

@,;4,+7.+= 65: T9=+*E565*87 4, BP5 +:;<84*2? ,;B95- -:;,*-, -*, ;,

,9;=<87 2,1P489, 4= B*,@59? 45:Dª397. H R5QB,--81*2/ E59@/ 45: S8:-,9*5P +45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D

!9F45Dª 695R?118* 4=; ,;,S/4=+= 45: S8:-,9FE,45D +8 86768B, 4, 5657,

>8@8P-5:; ,63 4=; 867-8*, 69,-E,4*234=4,. ´G45 B*/-=E, ´& W5QB?--815Dª

65: 695,;,--C118* 2?4* ,63 45 <*92 :#,89 :6?9T8* 31= = +2548*;*? 45:

89.4*25P 49*-F;5:, = ,6*+47,, 5 @3;5D, = 49,-*2/ 618:9? +4=; 5657,

,25P-84,* 45 -C1*5 45: SF5:, -C1*5 3E.D ,23E, +2548*;3, <,;,4893.ª398 )63

45 <*92 :#,89, 45 49,;4,T43 -C1*5 -7;84,* 6*5 *1,93, 5 69.4,-.;*+4/D 5

56575D 87;,* @59C,D 8;3D 89.4*25P +FE,45D-+,92,+4/ 4=D 2,<8+4=2:7,D

4?>=D <C48* 4*D R?+8*D 4=D R5QB,--81*2/D E59@/D 65: ´<, >84:17>8* ,9-3489,

395 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D 45: ?115: (Ö)ª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, (Ö), 3.6., +. 298. 396 O*,E?;4= );,-;.+4565P15:: ´H ,;,S/4=+= 4=D 848934=4,D 45: ?115: (Ö)ª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, (Ö), 3.6., +. 298. 397 Julia Kristeva, Histoires díamour, DenoÎl, !,97+* 1983, +. 71. 398 K,;?+=D %,4S365:15D: ´H 15>/ +5@7, 2,* = 25*;/ <17X=ª, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007, +. 307.





127

B*8>5B*2? 5 G2,97E6,Dª399. H C2@9,+= 4=D 89.4*2/D 59-/D 2,* E,;7,D, 4=D

<87,D 2,* E,S7 S.*2/D 2,* S.4*2/D 82B/1.+=D 65: <, R98* C;, +.93

E84.;:E*2? 695+.687,, C;, ,63 4, 5657,, >8T.9*+43 ,;?E8+, +4í ?11, .D

,651P4.D 8;B8*24*23, 87;,* 5* ´W5QB?--815*ª 36.D 8E@,;7S5;4,* +4=;

5EF;:E= 65*=4*2/ +:115-/.400 A5 B*,R51*23 +45*T875 +8 +:;B:,+E3 E8 45 ,--81*23, = +:;P@,;+= 45:

2,15P E8 45 2,23 B87T;8* 4=; ,65B5T/ 4=D ?11=D 618:9?D 45: 8,:45P 45:

65*=4/. A5 7B*5 ,;,EC;8* 2,* ,63 4=; 8218T4/ 4=D 2,9B*?D 45:. ZE.D +45;

4818:4,75 +47T5 45: 65*/E,45D ´W5QB?--815D !9F45Dª, = <=1:2/ P6,9>=

T,9,24=97S84,* ´,R5QB?--81=ª: 45 65*=4*23 8-F E5*?S8* 481*2? ;, E=;

,65BCT84,* 45; 8,:43 45: 13-. 4=D 8*23;,D 45:Y 2,4í 86C24,+= = ,-,6=EC;=

-:;,72, 6,9,EC;8* E3;=: F* 513 í(*" 8-*O 513 5)%. 2%. )". (846'. ñ ñ (' !*>)% )% $1O!*22'-,5"* (13 '"&4/* ñ :. '/ ('51/3&),*". ñ 513 ñ 840í <6*".

5> 0* &*0'>!'". *$1O!#22'-% &*" (4/*Ö401

G45 657=E, ´'6,1?;4,ª, 5 3E59@5D, ,-;3D 2,* -8;;,75D ;C5D

695+EC;8* 4=; ,;4?E.+= E8 4=; *B,;*2/ ;C,, 3E59@= 2,* ,-;/ ,-,6=EC;=. H#/*" ñ 48:. 5í '(;/* ñ /* ',/*" !>5%

('&',) 4)*/ 0í */)*(:01>(' ñ #3-1" 7,-1" ñ &*" /#/*", 48:. &" '2<, 5*/ (' 7"-A5'",

(' !,+:. +',-%.402

A5 ,;47+495@5 +:ER,7;8* +45 657=E, ´A5 ',9*Fª, 365: 6,9,4=95PE8

4=; 256C1, +45 T.9*3 ;, 695+EC;8* 4= EC9, 65: <, 4= S=4/+8* 5 ,-,6=4*23D

4=D, E84? ,63 4*D @/E8D 65: ,25P+4=2,; +45 T.9*3 -*í ,:45PD. G8 ,:43 45

S8:-?9* 3E.D, 5 ;C5D, B8; ,6,;4? +4, -9?EE,4? 4=D: ! " í ' ( ; 8 1 0 ' ,, '/< 5)%/ C*/*-

399 K,;?+=D %,4S365:15D: ´H 15>/ +5@7, 2,* = 25*;/ <17X=ª, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007, +. 306. 400 K,;?+=D %,4S365:15D: ´H 15>/ +5@7, 2,* = 25*;/ <17X=ª, C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D 2007, +. 306. 401 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D !9F45Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ I2J%=88*32$, 82B3+8*D )7-,-95D, )</;, 1968, +. 11. 402 )63 45 657=E, ´'6,1?;4,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 34-36.





128

2"# #--'. */#$13/ )* &'6"#. 403

A5 28;3 4=D 86*25*;.;7,D ,;?E8+, +8 C;, S8:-?9* 2,1P6484,* ,63 4=;

86*<:E7, 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F ;, B=E*5:9-/+8* E7, B*,B*2,+7, +:--9,@/D 2,*

@,;4,+4*2/D ,;4,11,-/D -9,EE?4.;. &*" 0* ',/*" 5*/ ()4)'/'. 813 (í *2#8*.) 0* 6+4)*/

;/* 26#((* 513 7,-%.

D" *. (% 6+4)*/! P< 0#&*/* 5*/ /#+í ;60'" &*" 5#(8:. )4+: -#$'" &*" (1>26*7'. -42"* ñ &', ñ *2*8%(;/*, &*" ñ 5*/ )4)' ñ 2< 0#26*7* 5)1 *8458'6/1 0#(81.

;/* 26#((* 5' 5;/*.

D" *. (%/ )45)'-/*! F#&*/* 5*/ /* '5> )4+'". -#$'" &"í *8í )* (#)"* 513 &>-%5' 5)% 26*7A )13 ;/* !#&63 ñ &" :. 5&37)A )1 -3+/#6" )%. 4@: % />+)* 0í */#$'",

2< 0* &-*,: 5' ("*/ #&6%Ö404

U8:-?9*, 4=D :X=1/D 25*;.;7,D 65: T598P5:; R,1D: ("5A 7:)"# % 5'-A/%!... D*" ), 7"46* 1" ;@:('. (%-*,!'. &*" )* 9'>2%,

813 :6*,* 5)61$"-,91/)*/. ^ (8#/)* 813 */>818)13. 5' (;0% *"0;6"* '<6'"! 405

U8:-?9* ,63 45 56575 45 C;, 693+.65 CT8* 68<?;8*, 3E.D +45 E:,13

45: 65*=4*25P 8-F = +P;B8+= 8>,2515:<87 ;, :6?9T8*. !,931= 4= -:;,*287,

+:;495@*? +8 6,9C8D +4*D 4,RC9;8D, +45 E:,13 45: -:9;?8* = E59@/ 4=D

-:;,72,D 65: ,-?6=+8 2,* C@:-8 ,63 4= S./: W6*,*, /*"Ö =* '2< 7*6(#&" ;8"/*, 5&;7)1/)*. '/)4. (13, *3)A/ 813 5*/ +'-"!1/#&"

@'7)1>6"5' *8í )1 7:. )13 &45(13Ö406

403 )63 45 657=E, Á5 ',9*Fª, 65*=4*2/ C2B5+= ). G., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 76-77. 404 )63 45 657=E, Á5 -9?EE,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D.E., 3.6., +. 85. 405 )63 45 657=E, Á5 61575 (& A*4,;*23D)ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 63-64. 406 )63 45 657=E, ´H 6,9C,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 119.





129

A5 7B*5 E547R5 S8:-,9*5P E8 4= -:;,72, ;, CT8* @P-8* ,63 4= S./ ,11?

45 ,;B9*23 693+.65 ;, 4=; CT8* +4= +2CX= 45: +:;,;4?E8 +45 657=E,

´06529*+7,ª: F* 5' @'+#5: ;/* *842'(* 813 0#+: ñ ), :6*,*! ñ 8'0#/'" &*" 0#(*" *!"#7161. &" #2/1"*5)1., !,+:. &*6!"# /* 81/',,

!' 0* 03(#(*" )13 )#713 513 )1 (*!%(;/1 2'6#/", (A)' 5)í *-A0'"* 8:. 5í ;+*5* &#81"* $6*!"# 5&1)'"/A.407

"67+=D +45 657=E, Á9813D;ª:

C;0*/'! C<. )%/ ;-'2*/ @'+/#:Ö ñ +#0%&' (*9, )%. % +*6#, )1 7<. (13 ñ &*" ',(*" )451 -12"&4. 813 '/)4. (13

-;:: ',!* ;/* 7>--1 81>8'5' ñ &*" 8#:Ö408 );B95-:;7, E8 25P21,:

D" 4-1 (' 8#'" (' 8#'" ñ &*6#$" % />5)* ñ (' )* 8*/"# )13 2"#-"/* 5)% (846*,

&" ',(*" 2"*-;/"1. &*8')#/"1. )13 &*" &635)*-- -;/"* ñ '&',/% ñ &1>&-* )13, 5)%/ 8-<6*. 409

W6*,* !"*5&'!#5*(' D36,* 5)1 58,)" (Ö)

X2<, (861. 5)1 7,/1 513 *3)4 +*(12;-"1 &"í '5> (861. 5í *3)4 (13 )1 #/*3!1 76>!", 8'6,'621 '8*,@*(' ñ 1" !31 (*. ñ &*" );-'"1

8*"2/,!".

G)* (1>)6* (13 *84('"/' >5)'6* +6<(* $*0> 619 *8í )* +',-% 513. =* '(;/* D36,* 5' &>))*9' *&,/%)1 )1 (8-#$1 (13 4((*

&*" &6>*Ö (Ö)

F'; (13 0* &-#B:! G)617;. +:6,. /)#('. ñ (' );9* )* +;6"* (13 ñ (' 57#9'" ("* 9A-'"* 5)1/ *;6* /* 7;6/:, &*" /#+: 8*-#('.

!34 9>-"*Ö410 407 )63 45 657=E, ´06529*+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 40. 408 )63 45 657=E, Á9813D;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 68. 409 )63 45 657=E, ´);4,6329*+=ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 123. 410 )63 45 657=E, Á5 R,1D T.97D ;4?E,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 57-58.





130

); 2,* E8 4=; 69F4= 8;4P6.+= 45 657=E, Á5 65949,745 4=D "17S8

',7=1:ª B7;8* 4=; ,7+<=+= 8;3D ´<=1:25Pª 65*/E,45D (E8 4=; C;;5*, 34*

,+T51874,* 5 65*=4/D E8 4=; 689*-9,@/ E7, -:;,*287,D 8E@?;*+=D ñ C+4. 2,*

25P21,D), 8;45P45*D :6?9T5:; +45*T87, ,;B95-:;7,D 4, 5657, 6,9,6CE65:;

+8 +8>5:,1*2CD +:;8:9C+8*D 8;3D S8:-,9*5P: C6<)* /* &-',!:/* &*" 5)* 8*6#036* /#$*/* '(84!"* &" *8; )* +',-% 513 *,(*)1. ñ /#7"*+/* ñ ("* 735*--,!*

(Ö) )1 (#)" )6,2:/1 &" ',+'. )1 5)A01. 513 5)%)4 5)* 4@:

&" '2< )% 2-<55*.411 );B95-:;7, 6,9,4=9874,* 2,* +45 ´'5;4C15ª. H 25P21, 87;,* = P!#= 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F. H ,--81*2/ 4=D E59@/ 2,* 5 +45T,+E3D 45: 65*=4/ 4=;

2?;5:; 5;8*9*2/: Jí A)*/; 8/'>(*; =A/ 7+"*2(;/% A)*/, :O(;/*,

3818)'>1(*"ñ &*" )6;(: /1'6# (13ñ *8í )1 ,!"1 3-"&4 81>/*" 7+"*2(;/*

)* 4/'"6# (13;... 412 )63 4=; ?11=, 45 ´289C;*5ª 4=D 693+.65, 5* ´FE5* T.97D TC9*,ª, 45

´-:,1C;*5 E?4*ª, 5 ´+6,+E3D 497-.;5D [+]4, T871= 2,* [+]45 +43E,ª

6952,15P; ,E@*R5178D +45 65*=4*23 8-F. ?+ 8<. )6;(:! ] /13. (13 8#'" 5í "!;'. 8-A01., 5' (8*(8#&"* &*" &*6)4/"* ñ 1 /13. (13 $#/'"

2'("5(;/1 )%. (%/ A)*/' )1 5)A01. (' 61&#/"! 413

A5 ,9+8;*23 65*=4*23 8-F 59,E,47S84,* 4=; ,;4?E.+= 65: <, CT8* E8

4= -:;,72, 65: <, >8695R?18* ,63 ´4, ;89? 2* ,63 4, B?+,ª: E)*/ 5* /* 5' 8645('/* D'6# *84B' 813 !'/ ;8/'' 4@: */#5*, &" ;-'2*: F#60'" *84B' *8í )* /'6#

&" *84 )* !#5*. (Ö)

&*" /#, (*9, 513 &"4-*. *6+"/< +635A &13$;/)*:

411 )63 45 657=E, Á5 65949,745 4=D "17S8 ',7=1:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 69. 412 )63 45 657=E, Á5 E5;4C15ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 23-24. 413 )63 45 657=E, Á5 E5;4C15ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 23-24.





131

(Ö) H>+):5' &*" !' 7#/%&'. '5>I

(Ö) J451 81-> (í *2#8%5'. D'6#, 813 #&132* !"8-# )* $A(*)# (13!

C#)*2* 2< ñ 5)6*$4. ñ (;5í 5)* /'6#; &" '5> &1/)# (13Ö414

G45 657=E, ´M,;4,+7,ª 45 @,*;3E8;5 4=D ,;B95-:;7,D 6,9,4=9874,*

+8 C;, S8:-?9* ñ 39,E,. & 65*=4/D +2*,-9,@87 BP5 E59@CD 4.; 5657.; 45

4,>7B* E5*?S8* E8 6C4,-E,, ECT9* ;, R-5:; ,63 ´4=; 49*2:E7, ,:45P 45:

23+E5:ª.

H#/*" 5* /* (*. 586<+/'" ;/*. *;6*. (*9, 861. ;/*/ !64(1 7"!:)4 813 5$', 5)* +#%,

&*" 5;/* )13 &*8;-13 513 8-*)'"# &*" 7*/)*"9, &#81"* &16!;-* )13, )6'-# /* +*"6')#'".

(Ö) &" *3)4. 1 #/'(1. )6'-# ñ )6'-# /* (*. 5&13/)#

4-1 861. )% 26*((A ):/ 16"94/):/. (Ö)

D" 4-1 /* 8/;'", /* (*. :0', *3)4. 1 *;6*. (*9, 8;6í *84 )4813. &*" &*"61>., ;:. 4)13 ñ 7:. (13 ñ

(&*0<. )6'-# 0* +*"6')#'" &',/í % &16!;-* % 7*/)*"9,) $21>(' *8í )%/ )6"&3(,* *3)1> )13 &45(13Ö415

H ,;B95-:;7, +:;,;4?4,* ,;?E8+, +45 65*=4*23 8-F 65: ,E71=45

+4C28* 2,* <,:E?S8* E7, ?-;.+4= 689,+4*2/ -:;,72,. A5 E3;5 65: ,25P8* 87;,*

5 /T5D ,63 4, 4,25P;*, 4=D 2,* ,63 45; 2:E,4*+E3 4.; 95PT.; 4=D. ):4/ =

E59@/ 4=D ,;B95-:;7,D 87;,* +:T;3 E547R5 +4=; 657=+= 45: G2,97E6, 2,<FD

5 <,:E,+E3D -*, 4=; 689,+4*2/ 2,* @8:-,1C, -:;,72,, 4=; ,E71=4= 2,*

,693+*4= 65: 3E.D 289B7S8* 4=; 695+5T/ 45: +4*T5:9-/<=28 ,9284CD @59CD. D" A)*/ :6*,* :. 8;6*5' #&6% )13 !64(13 '&',, (í #2/:5)1 8#)%(* 81!"1> &*" )637'64 (35)A6"1,

5)1 8'91!64(" &61>1/)*. :6*,* '6%("&A, ):/ )*&13/"</ )%. )1 21624 &" '6:)"&4 '($*)A6"1.

G)#0&* 5)%)4., )% (135"&A 261"&</)*. )13 *-*761>

&3(*)"5(1> ):/ 61>+:/ )%. ñ &" '/)4. (13 4,)" ',+' 58#5'"

414 )63 45 657=E, ´&:1,15PEª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 71 - 73). 415 )63 45 657=E, ´M,;4,+7,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, +. 22.





132

&" A)*/ )6*+>, 5)%. 71>5)*. )%. )1 '32'/"&4 761>-761>, +6354. /* 2,/')í ;/":0* &*684. 84+'" :6"(#5'"!

T732' *3)AÖ C1"1. @;6'" 81> ñ 5' 81"* 5"2A '6%("#. ñ /15)*-2"&A )1 $A(* )%. )í #2/:5)1 8#'" /* !<5'", &" *3)A ñ )1 /"<0: /*" ñ 813 */ A0'-', (' ("#., )1/ $#6$*64 (13 '*3)4 2-3&# 0#+' %('6<5'". 416

H ,E71=4= -:;,72, 2,* 45 ,9+8;*23 6,7S5:; 6,*T;7B*, E8 4, E?4*, 2,* 45

P@5D. A5 P@5D 45: @1894 45:D, 8;3D ,:+4=95P 2,* ,63E,295: @1894

6,9,6CE68* +8 ,9*+4529,4*2/ 2,4,-.-/ 4=D ´L:97,Dª 2,<FD 2,* +45

+*.6=13, E8-?15 61575 65: 25:;*C4,* ,9-? +8 @.D @8--,97+*5: W6*,1 &*" 8'6,'621 ñ D36,* ñ 8*"+/,!" '8*,@*(' 1" !31 (*. (í '32;/'"* 5)1 @,71., ñ 81/)#6*(' 5' 4-*, 5)* (#)"*, 5)1 76>!"

5)1 >71.. (Ö)

V &*6#$", &*6#$"! D*" >5)'6* (:. 4)*/ '&#(/*(' 8:. 0#)*/ )1 86#2(* 2'-1,1Ö) 5' 7:. 7'22*6,5"1 ñ 2-*64 ñ 813 &13/"4)*/

)1 8-1,1. =* 8#-", 81"1 8-1,1; (M. *7A51(' )í *5)',* ñ )1 @;6'".): )13 1/',613 % 2*-;6* ñ 2'6(;/% ñ

813 /#)%/ (' 7<)* +635# 5)* "5),* 8615(;/'".

C615(;/'";Ö ? ñ 4+". F* A)*/ 2'-1,1 /* 8"#513(' ñ 8#-"; ñ D36,* (13 )1 @,71. *8-<. 2"*), 5)#0%&' *3)4 ñ '&', ñ )1 8-1,1

(' >71.Ö417

G45 657=E, ´A5 2,9?R*ª, 45 65*=4*23 8-F S=4? ,63 4=; ,-,6=EC;= 45:

;, 45: E*1/+8* -*, C;, 2,9?R* 65: 4,>*B8P8* +4, T?=. L,* ,:43 45 S8:-?9*

2*;874,* +4, 39*, 4=D @,;4,+7,D 45: 65*=4/ 65: ,;,S=487 4= @:-/ ,63 ,:43;

45; 23+E5. );,S=487 4= @:-/, 6,9C, E8 4=; ,-,6=EC;= 45:. X"8; (13, *2#8% (13, 2"* ;/* &*6#$"

01-4 813 1-1(4/*+1 8#'", (Ö)

416 )63 45 657=E, ´H ?-;.+4=ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 27. 417 )63 45 657=E, ´[;, 61575 E8 P@5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 113.





133

M2#8% (13, *2#8% (13, )1 8-1,1 (' 8-<6% 01-A &" % 0'46*)% '&',/%

(Ö) D*" 5<8*5' 8#-" &*" 8#-" #6+"5; (13 )1 &*6#$", /* (13 -'., */ )1 9</'"

*&4(* % />+)*, *&4(* */ ñ F'; (13! ñ (*62</'".

D*" >5)'6* (',/' ñ &" '2< ñ 5í ;/* !64(1 &*" ñ ), 4/'"61 5)1 5$A5' &*" 5)í #B'! ñ

)1 &'7#-" *&13(8</)*. ñ 1-460% ñ 5)1/ <(1 (13 &-#B'Ö418

G,; S.-9,@*? ,65B7B84,* 45 S8:-?9* +45 657=E, ´[9.4,D S.-9?@5Dª.

A5 65*=4*23 8-F E84,R?118* 4, +:;,*+</E,4, 45: +8 S.-9?@5 5 56575D

T9.E,47S8* 43+5 4=; 631= 4=D %,127B,D 3+5 2,* 45; C9.4? 45:, 4=; 3X= 4=D

,-,6=EC;=D 45:, 45 +6*4?2* 4=D. & S.-9?@5D, T.97D ;, ;587, B=E*5P9-=+8 E*,

6,9B,1/ S./ ,;,2,48P5;4,D 4*D S.CD 45:D 2,* 4*D 2,9B*CD 45:D: =*0%)1>!" (13 1 ;6:)*. (;5í 5)". 61>2'. &1/)# (13

&',, 9:26#71. '(#0*"/' (' 8*-;)* )6'-A, 5)". (812";. 48:. ;7)*/' '$13)1>5' &*" /# (13

% 9:A 8*6!*-AÖ

J1 58")#&" )%. &4&&"/1 )4+' $#B'", &*" 2&6,9* )* 236)# 8*6*0>6"* )13 ñ !34 26*((;. (1-3$, ',+' 5>6'" 2"* ()#+*)".) &38*6,5*, *8í )% 6,9*,

(;5í 5' 74/)1 (*$,.

D13)1361> (;5í 5)* +6<(*)* '$13)1>5'! ="* 7-42* ',+' &#('" )%/ 4B% )%., )* (*--"# )%. &*8/1>.I ), /* 8',.; */*&#)'B' )". &*6!";. ñ !'/ '/42*,

!'/ )13 ;7)*/í 1 /13..

D*" 0* 7>2:. G)* )6,5)6*)* ñ &*" )6'-4/ 0* (' -;/' ñ (' !'(;/* )* (#)"* (13 &*" 5)1 +;6" 6*$!,:

0* 813-< )%/ '"&4/* )%. ñ 91326*7";. 813 (' &*,/' */*((;/1 !*!,Ö419

);B95-:;7, E8 C;45;= 4=; 4+,T67;*2= 6,95:+7, 45: <=1:25P 65:

6,7S8* 6,*T;7B*,: ,@5P 2,4,@C9;8* ,:43 65: <C18*, >815-*?S8* 45 ,9+8;*23 2,*

>8@8P-8* ,63 45 2:;/-* 45:: 418 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 2,9?R*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, ++. 55 ñ 56. 419 )63 45 657=E, ´[9.4,D S.-9?@5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, ++. 38 ñ 39.





134

=* (í ;(*0' 8<. /* 8')< )13. 84013. (13 ñ (*+*,6"* B%-# &*" /* )* 8"#/: (2"*, )%/ 8-A@% )%. /* &4B'")

(Ö) D*" (í ;&*"2' &1/)# (' 7:. ñ )% 7,-%2* 5)* +',-% ñ (13 7<)*' (' )% 7:)"# ñ &*" (' $635";. (í '3-42* ñ

(Ö) ´V /* 5' &#B:, P"#//% (13, 2"* /* 5í *-',B: (;-"Öª ñ '/< 2< +>(*2* 5)1 7:. &" ;8"*/* )% 7:)"# )%., '!< 1 8*8#., &', 1 8*8#. ñ (13 @;7'32' 5# +;-"

'(;/* % 1(167"# )%.Ö420

N*, 689,+EC;= ,-?6= 8;3D S8:-,9*5P E*1? 45 65*=4*23 8-F +45 657=E,

´A5 E6,123;*ª: ?@*7/*, :. *+),!* )13 +6351>, )í *5A(13 864$%&'. B%-#0' &"í ;5$%5'. 5*/ 8-#/% (8#/: 5)1 (8*-&4/" ñ (;5* 5)1 -"(#/")

< +635A (13 ñ '5> (13!... C;6*5* ñ ;/*. @;/1.: (&*" 813-, )í */;(13) &" :. *84 0%&#6" @,71. (8*"/1$2*,/'"

% 0:6"# 513 ñ +64/"* '&', ñ -%5(1/%(;/%. F'; &*" D>6"; (13 (Ö)421

"67+=D:

W6*,*. 2%.! X2< 236)4. 261"&1>5* )% ("-"# )%. ñ )6,--"* )13 26>-13 '6:)"&A ñ &*" )<6*; < )<6* *--1,,

$-;8: /* 5$;/'" *-*62"/4 -"(#/" % *2&*-"# )%., &*" )1 58")#&" )%. ñ *)(4. /:064. ñ (;5í 5)%/ *+->. 422

"67+=D:

C#6í ;)5" */06<8"/* &*" 5&;)*, ñ 5&3((;/% :. 5í ',!* /* @'8-;/'". ñ

5í *2#8%5* '2< N"1-;)* 5)1 7:. ("*. (;6*. 8'6*5(;/%..

Q'/ A513/ 5> ´=*)0,-!%ª A =1>5*, (A)í ´1("+-<!%.ª 1 ;6:)#. 513 (A)' &" '2< 8:. )6*213!1>5*

420 )63 45 657=E, ´H ,-,6=4*2*? E5:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 111. 421 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 E6,123;*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 114. 422 )63 45 657=E, ´Lacrimae Hominisª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 33.





135

&#)í *8í )* 8*6#036# 513.

=* A513/ 2-3&'"# +:6,. ´2*9,'.ª &*" !,+:. 513$'/,6 !"&"# (13 &" 4-'. 1" %('61(%/,'.

("-1>5*/ ,!"* 5)%/ &*6!"# (13. 423

"67+=D: E, '&',/'. 1" &*(8#/'.Ö 1" &*(8#/'.Ö

813 4-1 $1#/ ((*>61 813-,) )". 0>("5;. (13, 84)' )13. +#-&"/13. 0* 8#B13/ ñ )13. ñ 8*"#/'. /* (%/ 261"&<, /* (% 03(#(*" /* (%/Ö (8;. (13) /* (%/ +:6,. 7:/A )%/ &-*,:, 1>!í */*8"#;

ñ C1); 8"*!424

A5 ,;B95-:;*23 +45*T875 E84? ,63 2,4?+4,+= T.9*+E5P, 6958*25;7S8*

45; <?;,45 45: ,;B9*25P 65*=4*25P 8-F: X7'>2*/ F'; (13 861. )13. !64(13. )13 /45)13 ñ !45)13, !45)13 /#+'", 5*/ 0* (' 7;613/' 5)13. <(13. ):/, );55*6'. &*" 5> (1/#+%Ö425

[;,D -?E5D 65: 6,95E5*?S84,* E8 2=B87, (/ 45 ,;47<845;):

=;. 5)% 5"2A 813 (í #7%5'. )%. ;6%(13 )6*213!"5)# (' 8#'" % ->8% < 7,-%,

(Ö) D*" )*(8136-< 5)% />+)* )13 (35)A6"13 &*0<. 5í *!"&15&1):(;/13 )%/ 8*6#)* &"í *3)A *62# 5' +64/1 '($*)A6"13 -38%)'6A 5*-8,9'" 5'6'/#)*Ö

(Ö) *&1-1301>/ ñ -'. 2#(1 ñ *246"* 1>-* (13

(*$"# &'6"# &6*)</)*. */*((;/*. (Ö)

2*(864 ;-* )<6* 7,-"' (' 5)* +',-% (13, (' 6>9" ;-* (13 6#/' )%/ &%!',*Ö426

423 )63 45 657=E, ´W*51C4,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 108. 424 )63 45 657=E, ´):43 ñ (,*!ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 140. 425 )63 45 657=E, ´Dona mia Portolesª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 109. 426 )63 45 657=E, ´"ER,4/9*5 -,E/1*5Öª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 121.





136

'7, -:;,72, ,;?E8+, +8 BP5 ?;498D 87;,* 45 @,*;3E8;5 ,;B95-:;7,D

65: 6,9,4=9874,* +45 ´G@,T43 4=D ,-?6=Dª. H +,-=;8:4*2/ -:;,72,

6952,187 E7, E?T= +4=; 5657, 5 C9.4,D 6,7S8* E8 4, BP5 ,9+8;*2?, 2,* 45

65*=4*23 8-F 6,9,2*;=EC;5 ,63 45 95E,;4*23 4=D ,:45<:+7,D ,:43-T97S84,* ´+@,T43ª +45 3;5E, 4=D ,-?6=Dª:

(Ö) )<6* )13 #/)6* 513 5&;7)1(*" 813 (' )6>8%5' &6>1

ñ 8"&6A 5*2,)* ñ )1 (#)".

V! 8<. (í '-&>9'" )1 (,51. )13! J6*213!', (13 )1 *,(* $*0> )6*21>!" )13 ,-"2213 ñ 8*,9'" )%. (1,6*. (13 % $"4-* ñ &*0<. $13$4. (í */)"8;6*5', )1 5&-%64 )13 )1 $-;((*

(1> )* 3845+1/)*/ 4-*Ö (Ö)

0; /* 5)*0< (861. 5)1 (,51. )13 ñ '&', ñ *8í )1 $-;((* 513 &#)13 5# í/* 813-, 813 @'7)1>6"5' *8í )%. /3+)4. )í *&612"#-"

861. )". *&);. )13 0*/#)13Ö

[1"84/ 0#60:! D*)#+-:(1. ñ 8/'>(* 6"24 )%. 2%)'"#. 513 ñ /* 160:0< (864. 5)%/ 846)* 513 ñ )6'-1> 1/',613 (13 M6#8%. ñ 0* 86157'60< 5)1 5)"-;)1 )13 '&', (8615)# 5)% (*)"# 513

57*+)4 )%. *2#8%.Ö427 );B95-:;*23 693+.65: & 49365D E8 45; 56575 ,;4*1,ER?;5;4,* 5* ?;<9.65* B*,@5984*2F;

865TF; 4*D ,;,6,9,+4?+8*D 45: -C;5:D, 45: @P15:, 4*D ,;,6,9,+4?+8*D

4=D +8>5:,1*234=4,D 2,* 4*D +TC+8*D 65: ,;,64P++5;4,* 2?<8 @59? E84,>P

4.; -8;F; B87T;8* 4=; ,2,EX7, / 4=; 81,+4*234=4, E*,D 25*;.;7,D .D 695D

4=; 695+C--*+= / 4=; 695+5E57.+= 45: ?115: (@P15:). N8;*2? 5

+8>5:,1*23D 13-5D 8;3D 651*4*+E5P 6,7S8* C;,; 29*4*23 9315 +45;

+T=E,4*+E3 4,:434=4,D.428 & 89.48:EC;5D P,'62@#0/, ,; 2,* 6,95:+*?S84,* .D ?;B9,D E8

,9284? ?+T=E, 8>.489*2? T,9,24=9*+4*2?, 8;45P45*D CT8* 2,* C;, <=1:23

*B7.E,: 4= -:;,*287, 45: @.;/ 65: ,115*F;8* 4=; ,;49*2/ 4,:434=4,: % 7:/A (13 (5*6(4/"&*) %+1>5' ñ % (8A+)6* ñ

427 )63 45 657=E, ´G@,T43 4=D ,-?6=Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 3.6., +. 110. 428 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'2#-?&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 192/ ñ 20(/ ,$?1,/, 82B3+8*D LCB95D (2= C2B5+=), 2001, +. 27.





137

23/*,&'"*!429 "67+=D = +.E,4*2/ 45: B*?61,+= 6,9,6CE68* +8 -:;,*2875 259E7:

;)5" (' ):/ 2-13)</ (13 (:. ',(*") )". 71>5&'. 9'32#6". 430

A5 ,;B9*23 :65287E8;5 45: 65*/E,45D +:E689*@C984,* E8 49365 65:

45; 8E65B7S8* ;, -7;8* ,65B8243D +45 25*;.;*23 689*R?115;. [T8* ´$%.*/

'6#2@&4*/ª 5* 56578D 6,9,6CE65:; +8 ,B:;,E7, +.+4/D 2,* 15-*2/D

+2CX=D (+8 ,;47<8+= E8 4*D C>:6;8D-B:;,4CD ,;B9*2CD ,63X8*D). H <51/ 297+=

2,* = :654*E=EC;= 15-*2/ <8.98745 86*29,45P+, ?65X= -*, 4=; <C+8*

:654*E=EC;= -:;,72, +4=; 68975B5 45: E8+5651CE5:. H ?+T=E= 8>.489*2/ 8E@?;*+= (T5;4957 -15:457) 2,* = @.;/ 45:

L,E65P9= 6,9,6CE65:; 867+=D +8 <=1:69C68*,. )D 86*+=E,;<87 34* =

,11,-/ 4=D @.;/D +8 C9-, 45: G2,97E6, ,6548187 R,+*23 +45*T875

B*?R9.+=D 4,:434=4,D. G45; ),#$='6, = E=4C9, 45: 69.4,-.;*+4/ );4F;=

45; ,652,187 ´D1+A12@3, '2!, D1+A19+&, '2!, D1+A19, (Ö)ª431 2,* 5

);4F;=D E8 ,@59E/ ,:4/; 4=; 695+@F;=+= @,;4?S84,* 45; 8,:43 45: E8

-:;,*287, 3X=. [;, EC95D ,:4/D 4=D -:;,*287,D 3X=D 87;,* 2,* 5 -:;,*2875D

43;5D @.;/D 2,* 49365D 5E*17,D. A3+5 -*, 4=; <=1:69C68*, 45: 69.4,-.;*+4/ L,E65P9= 3+5 2,* -*,

4= -:;,*287, 3X= 45: );4F;= +45; ),#$='6, B7;84,* = 8;4P6.+= 34* 5 /9.,D

<C18* ;, +28@487 45; 8,:43 45: E8 <=1:2/ :63+4,+=. !9328*4,* -*, 4=; ?11=

3X= 45: 8,:45P 45: ´,65B8*2;P5;4,D 45 659FB8D 4.; 597.;ª432. '/6.D 87;,* = ,;,S/4=+= ,:45P 65: B8; 87;,*, 65: B8; CT8*; !9328*4,* -*, 4=

+:E61/9.+= 45: 8,:45P 45: / -*, 4=; ,;4*2,4?+4,+/ 45: ,63 45 ?115; H B*?R9.+= 4=D 4,:434=4,D 45: 69.4,-.;*+4/ 45; 2,<*+4? 25*;.;*2?

689*<.9*565*=EC;5. & 695R51/ E*,D ?11=D 8*23;,D ñ 8*23;, 848934=4,D

,6C;,;4* +4= @P+= 45: ñ >8;7S8* 43+5 45; 25*;.;*23 6897-:95 3+5 2,* 45;

429 ´& L,E65P9=Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 61-62). 430 ´& L,E65P9=Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 61-62). 431 N*?;;= G2,97E6,, ),#$='6,/, 82B3+8*D (8@C1=, 1992, +. 35. 432 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'2#-?&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 192/ ñ 20(/ ,$?1,/, 82B3+8*D LCB95D (2= C2B5+=), 2001, +. 257.





138

65*=4/ 5 56575D 87;,* ,6C;,;4* +45 B=E*5P9-=E? 45: 8*9.;*23D. L?4* ,;?15-5

+:;,;4?E8 +4*D <*&'2-2#$=72!&*/ 45: )9*+45@?;=, 45; )-?<.; ñ C;,; 82<=1:EC;5 ?;B9, 45; 56575; 5 )9*+45@?;=D ,-,6? ;, +,4*97S8*.

G45 657=E, ´H '?9*5; 'C>*2, 45: AS,ª 689*-9?@84,* = -:;,*287,

E59@/ E8 3;5E, ´0 )=#$21ª. !9328*4,* -*, ,;49*23 3;5E, E8 <=1:23 ?9<95.

!7+. ,63 4= B:;,E*2/ E59@/ 29PR84,* 5 <=1:23D 89.4*+E3D, 65: CT8*

8:;5:T*+487 2,* B8; 86*49C684,* ;, 82B=1.<87, 2,* 5 @,113D .D @,7;8+<,*, .D

E= CT8*;.433 H E59@/ ,:4/ +:E689*@C984,* ,;B956986FD: 6518E5T,9/D, E8

´?T4*ª, ,9C+284,* +45; 27;B:;5, 6?;. +8 ?15-5, E8 6*+4515</28D. !9328*4,* -*, E84,E@78+= (8;B:E,+7,D 2,* +:E689*@59?D) 2,* T9/+= X8:B.;PE5: E8

+2563 4=; ,6329:X= 4=D 69,-E,4*2/D 4,:434=4,D; H ,295R,+7, ,;?E8+, +8

,9+8;*23 2,* <=1:23 E5*?S8* E8 ,295R,+7, ,;?E8+, +45 ë8-Fí 2,* +45 ë?115í.

(Ö) 0#8'7)'. (' )% 2-<55* !*2&:(;/% *84 5736";. &*" 8;)*-* &16(,Ö

C#/: 5)1 &*0*64*"(4 513 #)"

(Ö) :. &" 1" 8"5)1-10A&'. 513, )1 #+)"

)13. (#5*2*/ (13+)'6;. &" *62#, (Ö)434

H B:;,E*2/ -:;,*287, E59@/, @C95;4,D ,;B9*2/ +:E689*@59?, 6,95E5*?S84,* E8 45; )R8++,1FE, 5 49745D -*5D 45: 695@/4= O,:7B, 6897@=E5D -*, 4=; 5E59@*? 45: 2,* *B7.D -*, 4, 615P+*, 2,* .9,7, E,11*?

45:. & <?;,45D 45: )R8++,1FE /4,; B9,E,4*23D 2,<FD 86*R,7;5;4,D +8

?15-5 695+6?<=+8 ;, B*,+.<87 +8 E?T=, 2,* 2,<FD 45 ?15-5 2?16,S8, 4,

.9,7, 45: E,11*? E61CT4=2,; +8 21,B*? 45: B?+5:D 365: 2,* CE8*;8

298E,+EC;5D. (Ö) ?--1 !' (;/'":

,!"1/ M$'55*-<( 5)* !;/)6* (*--1"#) )í #)" /* 5' )"/#@'" ñ &6'(*5(;/%

433 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'2#-?&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 192/ ñ 20(/ ,$?1,/, 82B3+8*D LCB95D (2= C2B5+=), 2001, +. 339. 434 )63 45 657=E, ´H '?9*5; 'C>*2, 45: AS,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 106.




http://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%AF%CE%B4


139

*8í )* )')6#8%+# 513 )* (*--"#Ö435

G45 6*5 6?;. 4849?+4*T5 R1C65:E8 34* = ,65B5T/ 4=D ,;B9569865PD

-:;,72,D ,63 45; 65*=4/ B8; 87;,* 8@*24/. H 69.4,-.;7+49*, (/

69.4,-.;*+4/D E84,E@*8+EC;5D;) 2,4,1/-8* ,;,63@8:24, +8 <?;,45 2,*

E?1*+4, E8 49,-*23 49365, 36.D ,:43; 45: )R8++,1FE. "BF = 6,98;B:+7,

2,4,B*2?+4=28 E8 :X=15PD 43;5:D +,; C249565 4=D ,;<9F6*;=D @P+=D. ); ,;,15-*+487 2,;87D 4=; *B8515-7, 45: 65*=4/ -*, 4=; *B8,4/ -:;,72,

ñ 65: 87;,* = ?6*,+4=, ,63E,29=, 5;8*9*2/ -:;,72,, 4,:4*+EC;= E8 45 *B8FB8D

45: C9.4,, 4348 E65987 ;, +:E689,<87 34* ,:43D 5 4P65D 4=D -:;,72,D B8; E65987 ;, 289B7+8* 5P48 45; 7B*5 45; B=E*5:9-3 4=D. )63 4=; ?11=, ,;

69328*4,* -*, E84,E@*8+EC;5 -+8 -:;,72,- ?;49,, 4, ,65481C+E,4, 4=D

(8;B8T3E8;=D) B*?R9.+=D 4=D 4,:434=4,D E8 4=; 695+5E57.+= 45: ?115: +45

3E5*5 B8; E6595P; ;, 87;,* ,65B824? 5P48 ,63 E*, 25*;.;7, = 5657,

<,:E?S8* 45 C;B5>5 ,;B9*23 *B8FB8D. )63 4=; ,9T,*34=4, = ´,11,-/ ,;B9*2F; 95PT.; +8 -:;,*287, 87;,*

C;, +=E?B* ,B:;,E7,D, ,251,+7,D 2,* 5B:;=9/D 64F+=Dª. '7, ,63 4*D

69.*E34898D ,;,@59CD ,;B9*2/D 6,98;B:+7,D ,@59? +45; 4818:4,75 R,+*1*?

4.; )++:97.;, 45; G,9B,;?6,15 ()++5:9E6,;*6?1), 45: 56575: ´=

,29,+7,, = 49:@/ 2,* ,*+T7+4= =B5;/ª 6952?18+,; 4=; ,-,;?24=+= 2,* 4=;

8>C-89+= 4.; 8:-8;F; 8;,;475; 45:.436 H ',79= '*2C B*,4P6.+8 +T84*2? E8 4*D +8>5:,1*2CD 4,:434=48D +45

C9-5 45: G2,97E6, 34* 5* ,6,4=1CD 3X8*D 45: @,7;8+<,*, = ,6399*X= 4=D

E5;5B*?+4,4=D ,;471=X=D -*, 4=; 3X= 2,* = ,;4*2,4?+4,+= 4=D ,63 4*D

6511,61CD B*,+4?+8*D 4=D +TC+=D ,;?E8+, +45 @,7;8+<,* 2,* +45 87;,* (Ö)

,E@*+R=45P; 9315:D 2,* 86*T8*95P; E84,<C+8*Dª. !,9,4=9874,* 9/-E, .D 695D 45:D +489854:6*25PD 9315:D ,;?E8+, +45 ,9+8;*23 2,* +45 <=1:23 2,*

5* 9.-ECD -7;5;4,* 6*5 8:B*?29*48D +45 8+.489*23 4.; 931.;. ´& G2,97E6,D

45;7S5;4,D 8E@,4*2? 59*+EC;, T,9,24=9*+4*2? 65: 2,4? 6,9?B5+= ,;/25:;

435 )63 45 657=E, ´H '?9*5; 'C>*2, 45: AS,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 106. 436 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'2#-?&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 192/ ñ 20(/ ,$?1,/, 82B3+8*D LCB95D (2= C2B5+=), 2001, +. 37.





140

+8 ë-:;,*2875:Dí T,9,24/98D 2,* 86*487;5;4,D ,;?15-8D +:E689*@59CD +45

,2934,45 +=E875 45:D, +4=; 5:+7, :65;5E8P8* +489854:6*2CD -:;,*2878D

8*23;8D.ª437 & 5E5@:15@*1*23D 89.4*+E3D +:;,;4?4,* 2,* +45 B*/-=E, ´& 2P9*5D

45: AS,2ª +8 +:;B:,+E3 E8 4=; ,;,49864*2/ 18*45:9-7, 4=D 6,98;B:+7,D. &

,@=-=4/D 2,* 69.4,-.;*+4/D (>,;?) );4F;=D G5:95P6=D +:;8*B=4565*87 34*

C1284,* ,63 45; 15+493E5 +45 234895 ´AS5P1*, O86?;5:ª, 45; 56575 -;F9*+8

+4=; 4,RC9;, 45: !?4,. G45 4C15D 45: B*=-/E,45D, 2* 8;F 5 G5:95P6=D 45;

689*EC;8* ;, C9<8* +4= R9,B*;/ 45:D +:;?;4=+=, 1,ER?;8* E*, 86*+451/ E8 4=;

5657, 5 ´'?9*5Dª 45: ,652,1P648* 34* 87;,* = ',79= O86?;5:. H E84,E@78+=

4=D ',79=D +8 '?9*5 87;,* 86*4:T/D 2,<FD B8; 4=; :65X*?S5;4,* 3E.D

651157 87;,* 5* 89.45T4:6=EC;5* 65: 68*9?S5:; 45; ´'?9*5ª. A, 68*9?-E,4,

2,4,-9?@5;4,* E8 E59@/ +47T.; 36.D: S)*/ 5í '2;//* % (#/* 513

A)*/' (;6* 5&4-% 813 -'")13621>5'/ 1 \6"5)4. &" 1" Q<!'&í M815)4-1"Ö

"67+=D: ?22'-1" 5' $*7),9*/'

&" % C*/*2"# /1/# 513Ö 2"b*3)4 5í 1/1(*),5*/' =#6"1 )*í 4/1(# 513!

'8 ,:43; 45; 49365 6511,61,+*?S84,* = +8>5:,1*234=4, 4=D ',79=D

2,<FD +4=; 5E59@*? 4=D 695+47<84,* 45 E:+4=9*FB8D 2,* = -5=487, 45:

,6,-598:EC;5:. L?65*, +4*-E/ ,25P-84,* 2,* = 1C>= ´45*5P45D!ª. "67+=D 5 '?9*5D 689*-9?@84,* E8 395:D <9=+28:4*25PD +,;

?--815D438 (36.D +:;=<7S8* 5 G2,97E6,D -*, 4*D -:;,*2878D ,C9*;8D E59@CD

+45 C9-5 45:). G:T;? +4= 15-548T;7, 5* ?--815* 87;,* ?@:18D //2,* ,E@7@:18D

E59@CD .D 4:6*2? ,;B93-:;8D E59@CD, :65+4=97S5;4,D 4=; ,E@*+=E7, -*,

4=; 5657, -7;84,* 13-5D 8BF.

437 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'2#-?&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 192/ ñ 20(/ ,$?1,/, 82B3+8*D LCB95D (2= C2B5+=), 2001, +. 254. 438 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'2#-?&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 192/ ñ 20(/ ,$?1,/, 82B3+8*D LCB95D (2= C2B5+=), 2001, +. 270.





141

G45 657=E, ´Comedia dellí arteª, = -:;,*287, E59@/ 4=D M,4EC CT8*

,;49*2/ @.;/: (Ö)

% c*)(;, )51& \*/1>(, &*" ñ ), -#01.! ñ 0#/í )1 (#)" )%. ñ $6'! ñ ("* )6>8* 7:)4.!

(Ö) ñ 5*/ 581362,)%. 813 8'68*)#'" ñ 8%!%+)A

(Ö) &*" 7:/,)5* */)6"&"# &*" B"-A

ñ +*6)1/;/"*, *2*8%5"#6*, &1&</* ñ 2"* )* *"/,2(*)* &'"!# /* ("-',! 439

G4=; 6*5 6?;. 689764.+=, = -:;,*287, E59@/ B8; 695+84,*97S84,*

+45*T87, ,;B9*2/D 4,:434=4,D -*, ;, 684PT8* 2?65*5 +2563 ñ = ,;B9*2/ @.;/

87;,* ,61FD 2?65*, *B*,*48934=4,, 65: 3E.D B8; >8;7S8* 5P48 45; 65*=4/ 5P48

45; ,;,-;F+4=. "67+=D +8 ,;47<8+= E8 45 657=E, ´& 2,E65P9=Dª 45 +45*T875

,1157.+=D 4=D R*515-*2/D 4=D 4,:434=4,D B8; 6952,187 ,7+<=+= 8*9.;87,D 2,*

-C1*5:. A5 ,654C18+E, 4=D ,;B9*2/D @.;/D B8 B*,R9F;8* 4=; 4,:434=4? 4=D

.D -:;,72, 2,* 7+.D -*í ,:43 = +:E689*@59? 45: 65*=4/ ,6C;,;47 4=D ;, 87;,*

<84*2/: ´*2*8%5"#6*, &1&</*ª 6,9315 3E.D 65: ´)* *"/,2(*)* (Ö) ("-',!ª.

!95@,;FD 5 65*=4/D 86*1C-8* ;, 4,T<87 ,6C;,;4* +8 ,:43 65: B8; 87;,* +45

R?<5D 45: ,1=<*;3: C4+* B*2,*515-874,* 2,* 45 <,;?+*E5 4C15D 4=D E59@/D 45:

695=-5PE8;5: 65*/E,45D 65: 8>84?+,E8 (´H '?9*5; 'C>*2, 45: AS,ª). ´H

,984/, 25;4515-7D, 6,9,6CE68* +4=; 2,<,934=4, 45: -C;5:D 2,* 45: @P15:,

+:;B=1F;8* E8 45 824:@1.4*23 @.D 45: /1*5: 2,*, +:;86FD, 54*B/6548

+6*1F;8* 4= 1?EX= 4=D 297;84,* .D 69?>= ,;3+*,.ª440 H <84*2/ +4?+= 45: 65*=4/ -*, 4= E59@/ 4=D M,4EC *+TP8* 2,* +45

657=E, ´!FD -81?E8 +45 %?918Eª 2,<FD 69328*4,* -*, B:;,E*2/ ;C-9,

-:;,72, = 5657, EC+, ,63 B:+25178D, 9,4+*+4*2CD B*,<C+8*D 2,* ,6,>*F+8*D

2,4?@898 ;, 86*R*F+8* E,S7 E8 ?118D -:;,728D 4=D 7B*,D 4PT=D 65: 87T,; :63

4=; 8:<P;= 45:D 2,* 45 E8-?1.E, 4.; 6,*B*F; 45:D.

439 )63 45 657=E, ´Comedia Dellí arteª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 97-99. 440 ',79= '*2C, (.6., +. 94.





142

'A4@C3:8 <5B<;<E<5. (!5*/E,4, E8 E3;= ,;,@59? 45 ,;B9*23 +45*T875.) )9+8;*2/ 4,:434=4, :6?9T8* +45 657=E, ´H17,D N. G2,97E6,Dª E8

693+.6, ,@8;3D 45 ;8293 8>?T95;5 -*5 65: CT,+8 5 65*=4/D 2,* ,@84C95:

4=; 49,-*2/ E59@/ 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F 65: EC;8* 67+. ´,257E=45ª,

´<1*EEC;5ª, É5;?T5ª. G45 657=E, Á5 @*B?2*ª, 45 65*=4*23 8-F E8 ,9+8;*2/ 4,:434=4,

,+T51874,* E8 4=; 67+4= +4=; P6,9>= 45: K85P, <,:E?S8* 4=; 5E59@*? 4=D

S./D, 2,* 69,-E,48P84,* 4=; ,B:;,E7, 45: +47T5: 45: ;, @4?+8* 4=;

5*28*34=4,.441 G45 657=E, Á5 8*+*4/9*5ª, B8; -7;84,* 2,E7, ,;,@59? +8 -:;,*287,

P6,9>=. A5 65*=4*23 8-F (69.4,-.;*+4/D 65: B*=-874,* +8 69F45 8;*23), 5*

E=T,;*257 2,* 5* R,92,9C5* 87;,* 4, ,9+8;*2? 693+.6, +8 E7, :63<8+= 8;3D 2,9,R*5P 65: 4,>*B8P8* ,2:RC9;=45 8;F 5 69.4,-.;*+4/D 45: 65*/E,45D B8;

2,4?@898 ;, 86*R*R,+487 +8 ,:43. '8 45; <?;,43 45: ,+T51874,* 45 65*=4*23 8-F +45 657=E,

´":<,;,+7,ª442 695+B7B5;4,D ,9+8;*2/ 4,:434=4, +45 657=E,. H :6,9>*,2/ ,;,S/4=+= 45: 65*/E,45D Á5 ,+4C9*ª, 2187;84,* +4=;

,9+8;*2/ 4,:434=4, 45: 65*/E,45D, 8@3+5; 45 65*=4*23 8-F :6,25P8* +45

,9+8;*23 @P15. G45; ´!9315-5ª 4.; H,!+2@30%A1443 2,* 4.; D6=1+A1 E+9;A1444, =

,9+8;*2/ 4,:434=4, 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F @C98* 4=; *B*34=4, 45: 6,1*?4+5: 2,* =

X:T5+P;<8+/ 4=D 87;,* E81,-T51*2/ 2,* 1:6=EC;= 6,9315 45; 2.E*23 4=D

9315: X,+* ñ 2"* )* 2;-"* ñ ;/* (;61. /* 8*,@: &" A60*, ;/* 64-1 5' ;621 (35)A6"1,

(Ö) D*" 0#(13/ ñ 2"* 8642&* ñ ), );-'"1. 4)*/ (' )1>)% (13 A0'-' 861$< )% 2&6"(#)5*

(Ö) 441 G. !. $.,;;7B=, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, (Ö), O.L.W.%., %,127B, 1995, +. 91. 442 !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, ++. 25 ñ 26. 443 "2B34=D ). ',:97B=D, )</;, 1950, (+. 5). 444 "2B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, (+. 13).





143

J, *5)',1! 0* 2;-*2*Ö =* 8#-" % */#5* (13 '8"#5)% 5' )6;('/. ñ $"1-"1> ñ 5#(8:. $1>6-13 &*" &#): (46/"* */A53+*) (13 '&6<@*/ )* (8#5*,

5)1/ &64)1 )*(81>6-13!...

G1$*6#;Ö F* )6*21>!*2*;Ö D" ',+* ñ 5)1 Q,* )í 16&,91(*" ñ ;/* 64-1 8*-"#)513 ñ ,!"1 0#(* Ö Q'/ (1>8*/ 8:. 0#&-*"2*, &" */),. &:(:!,*

0* 8*,@: 5' !6#(*Ö445

A5 E81,-T51*23 693+.65 8;3D ,;B9*25P 65*=4*25P 8-F, ,65E5;.EC;5

2,* +,92,+4*23 ,6C;,;4* +4*D 25*;.;*2CD +:ER?+8*D +45 657=E, ´)7E, :63

E?+2,;ª: ="*/ *+-> ñ )#+*. &*" )#+*. ñ &*" /#í(*" (),; !'/ 2,/')*" &*" 7*513-A!'. &-*(;/1";) G)1 &6'$#)" (13 í2< $*-(;/1. &*" &#(' )1 2"*)64 5> ñ (' (1>6% $*((;/%.

(Ö) ="* 8*6#5)*5%! Q31 +-:(1, 7*513-A!'.:

)#+* 2< ',(*" 1 #66:5)1. &*" 2"*)64. &',/1. (Y;(***!). D" :+ '84/'5*!... =% (' !#2&:5'; X,!'.; ñ X,!'., 0;*)61 (í ;/* +#+*/1 &" *,(*;!... 446

G45 657=E, ´O:5 ,B81@57 2,* 5* B:5 ;8:9*257ª, 5* 8*9.;*2CD B*,<C+8*D

,6C;,;4* +45:D 4!#92!/ 4565<845P;4,* +45 61,7+*5 4=D ,9+8;*2/D 4,:434=4,D: H* ',5*" D>6"1., '/ +6:

(&" *. ',/*" ñ 8:. ñ *5)',1/) &'&*6(;/1., (' 38'618)"&A/ 2&6"(#)5*/ &*" $"1-"1>

&'/A/ ñ 5)1 +;6" ñ 0A&%/,

&" '/ 8-A6'" 51$*617*/',* /* )1 -;. (5>, ;/*. ñ (')# C,-13 ñ )>81.) )1 8451/ @;6'". /* '//11>/ 1" /'1*7"+0;/)'. 7,-1".

(Ö) C1-> ñ 1" !31 ñ '81/;5*('/ :. '". "5+/1>. (#--1/, D36,13.

*6(49'", :., '". )13. ñ 8:. ñ B*-"!"5)1>. 8615"!"#9'" % 6'/)"&4)*Ö447

445 )63 45 657=E, ´!9315-5Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E. (3.6., +. 13) 2,* H,!+2@30%*/ (82B34=D ). ',:97B=D, )</;, 1950, +. 5). 446 )63 45 657=E, ´)7E, :63 E?+2,;ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 102.





144

)E9B:8 <5B<;<E<5.

('3;= ,;,@59? 45 <=1:23 +45*T875) G45 657=E, ´L5*E.EC;=ª = 689*-9,@/ 2,* = 8>C1*>= 45: 65*/E,45D

,@595P; ,65218*+4*2? 4= E59@/ 4=D 3E59@=D ñ 5;8*9*2/D -:;,*287,D E59@/D. G>, )13 &4 - /*" )13 &46713 513 /* )6*$A@'". )%/ &4- 8")5* - &>(* )1 5)A01. 513 /* 7135&</'" -'3&4,

&*" 5)%/ &# - /*" 5)%/ &#(*6% 7:. /* -#(B'" 513, *764., 1 (%64., 1 (%64.Ö

)1 7'22# - )1 7'22#6" (*. 8<. */#)'"-' /#,448

H -:;,72, 69.4,-.;7+49*, 45: 65*/E,45D Á5 R?S5ª, ,:43-

689*-9?@84,* ñ .D S.-9,@*? 65: 87;,* ñ 2,* :65B=1F;8* 4=; 86*<:E7, 4=D ;,

>8@P-8* ,63 45; 8*25;*+4*23 9315 65: 2,4CT8*: G' ("* &#(B% )1 81!#6" (13 ñ ,!"1 @,71. ñ

5)1 8165'-*/, (13 +*(12;-"1, (' )* (#)"* 8*6!*-# ñ F'; (13 ), >71.

);-'"1!

H* 8%!A@: *84 )1 $#91 (13; J, 746(* '/4. 5&,)513 ñ &,/%5%. 5*/ )4@1 ñ

7<. )1 24/*, 7<. )1 8A!%(*, :. 0* <6(** 5)* 4@:.449

G45 657=E, ´H E*29/ 2:97,ª 87;,* ,65218*+4*2? <=1:2? 4, +45*T87,

689*-9,@/D E7,D 3X=D 65: 4,1,;48P84,* E84,>P 25P21,D 2,* D*" )%/ 81!,)5* 513. J1 8645:84 513 5*/ 7:)#&"

(Ö) )* +;6"* 813 ;&613'.: - ?! )1 &*6#$", )1 &*6*$#&",

)* $-;7*6# 513!... 450 S.;4,;/D / ;829/D E59@/D:

447 )63 45 657=E, Ó:5 ,B81@57 2,* 5* B:5 ;8:9*257ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/, D. E., "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 129. 448 )63 45 657=E, ´L5*E.EC;=ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E. 1936-1970 F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 45. 449 )63 45 657=E, Á5 R?S5ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E, 3.6., +. 105. 450 )63 45 657=E, ´H E*29/ 2:97,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 65-66.





145

H*", &,)6"/A (13! H'&6A !'/ ',5*", &" ',/*" 5* /#5*"I &" #/*5)6% />+)* ',/í )* (*--"# 513 ñ #+, )1 &*6#$"!

D*" )1 7135)#/" 513 ñ (í <6"* ("* &1>!* ñ '5> &1"(#5*" (Ö)

D*" )1 (81),/" 513 ñ B%-4 )*&1>/" ñ )* +;6"* &6,/1" (&6,/1", A (%/ ;)1"(* /í *81!%(A513/' 813-"# )13 */;(13;)

(Ö) &*" D>6"' (13! D,)6"/% &" #22"*+)%, ("&6A &*" &6>*,

(' ("* 5)1 (;):81 64!* *8í )". (81>&-'. 513 5&;6)51 /* &#/'", (' )* (81),/"* 513 ñ ('2#-% &"4-*.! ñ 5* ("* D36,*

813 0* 8'0#/'"Ö451

K=1:2/ 4,:434=4, CT8* 45 657=E, ´M*-*C44, N. !;8:E,4*25Pª. A5

657=E, -9?@4=28 ,63 45; G2,97E6, E8 ,@59E/ 45; 693.95 <?;,45 4=D

3E59@=D M*-*C44,D ,63 4=; "PR5*,. G45 657=E, = 8>.489*2/ 4=D 689*-9,@/

+:;?B8* E8 45 E547R5 4=D -:;,72,D ñ 3;8*95 65: +:;=<7S8* 5 G2,97E6,D +45:D

+47T5:D 45:. H E59@/ 4=D 4,:47S84,* E8 4*D 865TCD 45: T93;5: 2,* = 8>.489*2/

4=D 3X= @C98* 4= -:;,*287, 812:+4*234=4, 4=D +2,9*E6*2/D 65*=4*2/D: C'6,'62% &" "!*/"&A, ;)5" 813 ;-'2'. 8:.

81"1. @;6'" *84 81"1> $"$-,13 5'-,!* ;+'" @'7>2'", A60' 5*/ #@*7/% '81+A, &" *&4(* A60' &*0<. % (;0% )13 ;*61. ;6+')*" (' )í */0"/# )%. 6,2%.

J%. 71>5)*. )%. 8*,91/)*. &', )1 $*-. )1 810'"/4 1 *2;6*., )%. 7*/;6:/' &" ;/* 81!#6" 1/',613,

&" *3)A ñ (í '&'"4/ )1/ (;-*/1 5)1 4((* 81>+' 136*/4 ñ !"#$%&í 3B</)*. ("* 8)3+A )13 0',13 )%. 81!423613.

D" ;732' ñ #+! C1"1. @;6'" 81> )%. 71>5)*. )%., *6"#, )1/ 2>61 3B</'" &*" 8*)', ñ D36,* )%. H>+)*. 86<)% ñ &*" (4/1 *7A&' !< &" '&',, 5*/ ("* 5'"6# &'6"#,

)* 7:)'"/# ):/ )*&13/"</ )%. +/#6"* (;5í 5)* 5&4)%Ö452

A5 ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª 6,9315 65: ,6548187 8-2FE*5

<,:E,+E5P ,63 C;,; ?;49, +8 E7, -:;,*287, E59@/, 8;45P45*D = 4,:434=4,

65: E65987 ;, ,65B5<87 +45 657=E, 87;,* <=1:2/. A5 65*=4*23 8-F B8; 87;,*

S8:-?9* E8 4=; -:;,72, 6,9? E5;?T, 82B=1F;8* 45; <,:E,+E3 45: -*, 4=;

451 )63 45 657=E, ´H E*29/ 2:97,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 65-66. 452 )63 45 657=E, ´M*-*C44, N. !;8:E,4*25Pª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E. , 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 19.





146

*B*,7489= R5QB,--817+*, E59@/ 4=D. H 4,:434=4, 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F

82B=1F;84,* +8 E7, +495@*2/ 8;34=4, .D 8>/D: Hí #&13* '/)4. 513 8<. &3-# % 5"2A 513 ñ ;5&3B* )6'-# ñ

&*" 8#'",

(* 5)#0%&í #/*3!1. 5*/ :. /* 5í */)*/#&-* 1 136*/4.

5)* +#%!453

THB9=

(O8; :6?9T8* ,;,@59? .D 695D 45 @P15 4.; 695+F6.;. 'C;8*

,695+B*39*+45).

G45 657=E, ´&* @715*ª454, ,; 2,* 45 65*=4*23 8-F ,;,@C984,* +8 61/<5D

,;<9F6.; 5* 56575* 6=-,*;5C9T5;4,* +4= S./ 45:, 8;45P45*D B8;

B*8:29*;7S84,* = @:1*2/ 45:D 4,:434=4,Y E65987 5 ,;,-;F+4=D ;, :65X*,+487

34* 69328*4,* 2,* -*, ?;B98D 2,* -*, -:;,728D. V@:15 6,9,EC;8* 2,* 45 693+.65 45 657=E, ´'3;5 BP5 +47T5:Dª,

65: E*1? -*, 45:D +47T5:D 45: +,; ;, R97+284,* EC+, +8 3;8*95. H E5;,B*2/

689764.+= ;, ,11?>8* = 4,:434=4, ,63 ?@:1= +8 ,;B9*2/ 87;,* ;, 4,:4*+487 =

@.;/ 45: 65*/E,45D E8 ,:4/; 45: 65*=4/. A5 ?@:15 45: 61=<:;4*25P ,9*<E5P 8;4567S84,* 2,* +45 657=E, ´H

49?4,ª. G45:D +:-2829*EC;5:D +47T5:D 45 65*=4*23 8-F 8;+.E,4F;8* 45;

8,:43 45: +45 61/<5D +45 56575 ,65B7B84,* 8>.489*2/ 689*-9,@/: P6A216* 7)#5*(' -1"84/ A *62A5*('; D*" ,!"* 8<. &#(B*(' )%. +,(*"6*. (*9, )1 *&6:)A6"1; Q<0'. '6+4/)*. 8A6*(' &*6!"#, (*)";. &*" 76>!"* ñ 8'6,'621 2"*), &*6!"#, 2"*), (*)";. (35)A6"1!

(Ö) 5*/ /* ñ ), :6*,* ñ $6'0A&*(' (' 61>+* &*" (' 8,-13.,

(Ö) \635# (' )64813. &*" (*--"#Ö ]" 6#7)'. (*. (), /4'.

&*" (*,)6 - *-+#) (*. (8#913/' 5)13. 6*7)"&1>. ):/ 1,&13.455 453 )63 45 657=E, ´W5QB?--815D O8P4895Dª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 93 ñ 94. 454 !5*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., (82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 43). 455 !57=E, ´H 49?4,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 80-81.





147

H 689*-9,@/ 45: 61/<5:D ,@59? 2,* 4*D +:;/<8*CD 45:: 5*/ /* ñ 81"1. @;6'" ñ ), +635# +16'>13(' (' )64813.Ö

(Ö) ñ 23(/1, '(',.!... 1" (#/'. (*., 2"* "!;. )'. &', ñ *0<'. ñ ',/*" 5*/ !' (*. 2;//%5*/ ("&61>. &13)1>. 8"0A&13.!

D*" ñ )6*-*-#Ö ñ )í *!;67"* (*.: )* 7,!"* , 1" 2#)1", 1" 5&>-1" ñ

(Ö) ñ &" *3)# (*)";., &" *3)# &*6!"# :. '(',.Ö J, :6*,* < 7,-1", (' 136# A (' 8,-1 A (' 7)'6#, 2162# (*. 8#'" % -A0%!...

D*" 8#(' */)#(*. J, &*-#! D*)48" '6+4/)*" 1" #--1" (Ö)456

[;, +6,+EC;5 2,9?R* 87;,* 45 ?@:15 693+.65 45: 5EF;:E5:

65*/E,45D. H CE@,+= B7;84,* +4=; 689*-9,@/ 4.; +45*T87.; 4=D @P+=D 65:

+:E6?+T5:; E8 4=; ñ 2,4? 4, ?11, ñ ?X:T= :63+4,+= 8;3D +6,+EC;5:

2,9,R*5P (4,:4*+EC;= E8 45 65*=4*23 8-F). G8*5(;/1 &*6#$" /#(*", 8;6* $*0"#

ñ ;)5" /#(*" ñ (' +<6". &*)#6)"*, (' +<6". 8*/"#

/* &1"(#(*". H#/í *76#)1. 1 )481. &" % *&)A /'&6"&A

2>6: 2>6:, (' &137#6" 236)4 &*" (' 8-<6% '&',

813 0* 2',6:.

H#/í % 0#-*55* #B3+% &*" )* B#6"* /'&6# ñ ;)5" /#/*"! ñ

&*" )* $6#+"* &*)#8-%+)* &*" )í *5);6"* (*&6"# /* &3))#/'Ö

Q,+:. +)>81 1" <6'., &*" 1" (;6'. 0-"$;. ñ !,+:. +#6% ñ

&" ;)5" &1>7"1 &" *&,/%)1 (;5í 5' />+)'. $13$;., )1 7'22#6".

ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ

T)5" /#(*" &*6#$" 2&6'("5(;/1, /'&64 ñ ;)5" /#(*" ñ

5í *((13!"# 8'0*(;/% &*" 5' &1>7"1 /'64, /* &1"(#(*"Ö457

456)63 45 657=E, ´H 49?4,ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 80-81. 457)63 45 657=E, ´G6,+EC;5 2,9?R*ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 44.





148

V@:15 87;,* 2,* 45 95E634 ñ 69.4,-.;*+4/D +45 657=E, ´Sevalier

Servandª458: ÖJ4)'. *&< &" ;/* &1>6/)"5(* ñ :. ñ (13 ñ

)* (;-% &"/A513/ 5' #5&%5% );-'"*. ?** )í 16&,91(*" (), "5)16,*!) 5)1 7:. (13 '/)4. (13.

J" 51>5)'.! J" 2;-"*!..

F* &-#B:!. H1"<0: -(;5* (13- )* '-*)A6"* )45:/ #--:/ ñ 813 (13 ;58*5*/ ñ *036(#):/

&*" 0* 7>2: &61>1/)*. )* '($*)A6"* ):/ !31 (13 8"#):/Ö

458 A5 657=E, 87;,* -9,EEC;5 2,* +8 T8*93-9,@= 86*+451/ 45: 65*=4/, E8 =E895E=;7, 27/ 9/ 69 (%,127B,), 695D 45; N.!. G,RR7B= 2,* 4=; ´L:9? JC;,.ª. G4=; 86*+451/ :6?9T8* 2,* = 8>/D :65+=E87.+=: ´);8>?94=4, ,63 4, 6,9,6?;., <89E? +8 6,9,2,1F ñ+C;,- N*F9-=, BF+8 45 Sevalier ;, E5: 45; B,T4:15-9,@/+5:;, Eí 8287;= 4= <,:E?+*, B,T4:15-9?@=+= 65: 87T8 = 693+21=+7D E5: (-*, 4=; 5E*17, E5: 4=D ´ACT;=Dª 2,* <, +5: 87E,* :63T985D ;, E5: 45 +48718*D ñ 45 ,;47-9,@5 ,:43 = 45 B,T4:15-9,@=EC;5.ª G4= T8*93-9,@= 86*+451/ 45:, 5 65*=4/D, 695D 45; N.!. G,RR7B=, ,;,@C98* +T84*2? E8 45; Sevalier Servand: ´[T. E,S7 45: (+,D 61=95@59F) 2,* E*29/; 4*;? +:--C;8*,, = 5657, 867 E?115; 2,* E?115; +48;8P8*. H ,11=15:T7, 4.; -9,;,S*F; ñ ,E@54C9.; E,D- 87;,* 4C18*,, 8;F 2,* 5* 8;B529*;87D E,D ,BC;8D, 89-?S5;4,* 81,4/9*5 695D 81,4/9*5, .D 9513*.ª





149

5. "A;>=L >@A36A5H8L :53 5>;K=4EL <7C R5A5:<8A7C.

G45 +2,9*E6*23 C9-5 = ,63B5+= 4.; T,9,24/9.; B8; 86,;,6,P84,*

+4= +4879, 2,* ,61/ 689*-9,@/. H 65*=4*2/ 693S, ,652,1P648* +45*T87, 4,

5657, 86*49C65:; +45; ,;,-;F+4= ;, B*,E59@F+8* 4=; 8*23;, 4.;

T,9,24/9.; 5* 56575* B95:; +45 C9-5 2,* >84:17-5:; 4=; 4,:434=4? 45:D. ):4/ = 48T;*2/ 87;,* 8:;3=45 34* ,6,*487 4= +:EE845T/ 45: ,;,-;F+4=

2,<FD 8-8798* 45 8;B*,@C95; 2,* 4= @,;4,+7, 45:. !,9?11=1, +:ER?118* +4=

B:;,E*2/ 4=D +:ER51*2/D 89E=;87,D = 5657, 87;,* B:;,43; ;, 8E689*CT8*

+45*T87, 4=D 82?+4548 564*2/D -.;7,D. O8; E65987 ;, <8.9=<87 34* :6?9T5:; 1,;<,+EC;8D / 59<CD

89E=;8:4*2CD 695+8--7+8*D 2,<FD 651157 87;,* 5* 6,9?-5;48D 5* 56575*

+4,<E7S5:; 2?<8 @59? 4, 86768B, 4=D 89E=;87,D 8;3D +47T5: / 51321=95:

45: 65*/E,45D / 4=; 4,:434=4, 8;3D T,9,24/9, 4=D +2,9*E6*2/D

,;<9.65-8.-9,@7,D. ):43 65: EC;8* 87;,* = 65*2*17, ,63X8.; 2,*

89E=;8*F;, 2?4* 65: +:ER?118* +4=; 8;7+T:+= 4=D 651:@.;7,D 2,* +4=;

651:B*?+4,4= 8*23;, 8;3D C9-5: T.97D ;, T?;84,* = ,>7, 45:. V11.+48 = 651:69*+E,4*234=4, 8;3D C9-5: >82*;? .D -8;*23489=

25+E5<8.97, ,63 45; 7B*5 45; B=E*5:9-3 45:. !5*, E65987 ;, 87;,* 4, 39*,

89E=;87,D 8;3D 65*=4*25P 23+E5: 34,; 5 B=E*5:9-3D 45: <C18* ;,

B9,6848P+8* E8 45:D -=3+&2!/ 69.4,-.;*+4CD 45: .LA ,6( +, (#$,;

H +2,9*E6*2/ 65*=4*2/ 693S, E8 4=; +:EE845T/ 45: ,;,-;F+4=

,652,1P648* 4*D 4,:434=48D 4.; =9F.; 4=D 2,<FD 2,* 4= -8;*23489=

4,:434=4, 45: 65*=4*25P 23+E5:. ):43 684:T,7;84,* EC+, ,63 +:S=4/+8*D 4.;

695+F6.;, 2,4? 4= B*?928*, 4.; 5657.; ,;415P;4,* +45*T87, -*, 4,

5E*15P;4, ?45E, / -*, 2?65*5:D 49745:D. "67+=D = ,63B5+= 4.; +:;,*+<=E?4.; 4.; 695+F6.; ,652,1P648*

+45*T87, 4=D 4,:434=4,D 4.; *B7.; //2,* 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F. N*, 6,9?B8*-E,,

+45 657=E, ´H ,-,6=4*2*? E5:ª 2,4,1,R,7;5:E8 -*, 4= +:E689*@59? 4=D

-:;,72,D EC+, ,63 4= B9?+= 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F: 8287;5D EC;8* E3;5D, E,29*?





150

,63 @715:D, ,@5P 8287;= E8 4=; 4+,T6*;*? 2,* 4=; 5E59@*? 4=D 684:T,7;8* 4=

B*2/ 4=D *2,;5657=+= 2,* +45 4C15D 45: >8@8P-8*. &*" (í ',+' 8#6'" 5&-#$1 )%. &*" (í ;+*5' % )*$;6/*

(' +#5*/' &" 1" 7,-1"Ö459

"67+=D EC+, ,63 4*D 69?>8*D 4.; B9F;4.; 695+F6.; -7;84,*

,;4*1=643D 5 49365D +2CX=D 45:D, = B:;,E*2/ (/ 3T*) 45: T,9,24/9, 45:D, 5

:@*+4?E8;5D (/ E=) +:;,*+<=E,4*+E3D 45:D, = C>:6;= (/ 3T*) 297+= 45:D, 216. N*, 6,9?B8*-E,, +45:D 6*5 2?4. +47T5:D 6,9,4=95PE8 6FD 45

65*=4*23 8-F -*, T?9= 45: C9.4, E84,49C684,* +8 :65287E8;5 6,9?+4,+=D

T.97D ;, +2C@484,* 4=; :6547E=+= 4=D B*2/D 45: ,>*569C68*,D. '3;= 45:

+2CX= 87;,* = *2,;5657=+= 4=D -:;,72,D 65: ,-,6?: =* (í ;(*0' 8<. /* 8')< )13. 84013. (13 ñ (*+*,6"*

B%-# &*" /* )* 8"#/: (2"*, )%/ 8-A@% )%. /* &4B'")

&" */),. (' )% -*$A *3)# /* (1>6+1/)*" 5)* +;6"*,

(1>6+1/)*/ (' )%/ &4B%. 460

D*" (í ;&*"2' &1/)# (' 7:. ñ )% 7,-%2* 5)* +',-% ñ

(13 7<)*' (' )% 7:)"# ñ &*" (' $635";. (í '3-42* ñ

H +2,9*E6*2/ ,;<9.65-8.-9,@7, ,65B7B84,* EC+. B*,@39.;

2,4,+4?+8.; 5* 56578D 86*49C65:; +4, 693+.6, ;, 82B=1.<5P;, ;,

82@9,+45P;. O*?@59, -8-5;34, 4, 5657, .<5P; 45:D 69.4,-.;*+4CD +4=;

8;89-=4*2/ 2,* 3T* 6,<=4*2/ B9,+4=9*34=4,, B*,-9?@5:; 4=; 4,:434=4? 45:D. N*, 6,9?B8*-E, = 2,4?+4,+= 8;3D C9.4, .<87 45; 89.48:EC;5

69.4,-.;*+4/ N*?;;= ;, 6$=1*$ +0 -A+$= +0/ -:;,72,D, ;, E5*?S5:; 5*

8;C9-8*CD 45: E8 6,*B7 65: 6,7S8* 2,* 8;45P45*D = -:;,72, ;, 45: L*-*@8*$ &,

;.3$. ´V /* 5' &#B:, P"#//% (13, 2"* /* 5í *-',B: (;-"Öª

459 )63 45 657=E, ´H ,-,6=4*2*? E5:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 111. 460 )63 45 657=E, ´H ,-,6=4*2*? E5:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 111.





151

ñ '/< 2< +>(*2* 5)1 7:. &" ;8"*/* )% 7:)"# )%.,

'!< 1 8*8#., &', 1 8*8#. ñ (13 @;7'32' 5# +;-"

'(;/* % 1(167"# )%.Ö461

I+43+5, :6?9T5:; 2,* 689*64F+8*D 65:, +8 ,;47<8+= E8 4=; 6*5 6?;.

8-9/-59+= 45: 69.4,-.;*+4/, 5 T,9,24/9,D T?;84,* +8 95E,;4*2CD B*,<C+8*D

2,* 315 45 89.4*23 6,*T;7B* B*,B9,E,47S84,* +45 E:,13 45:. H B*,92/D

5;8*95631=+=, ,;47 -*, 69?>=, 5B=-87 +4=; ,65-5/48:+= 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F

,@5P EC;8* E5;7E.D E8 4=; 8*23;, 4=D *B,;*2/D -:;,72,D +45 E:,13 45:. !C9,; 45: 89.4*25P 6,*T;*B*5P, 45 65*=4*23 8-F ,@/;84,* 2,* T?;84,*

+4= B*?<8+= 45: spleen, 34,; +45:D +47T5:D 597S84,* 5 T,E3D 2?65*5:

,-,6=EC;5: 695+F65:. A5 65*=4*23 8-F, ,;,2:21F;8* +4*D +2CX8*D 45: 45

6,981<3; 45 56575 R*F;8* >,;? 2,* >,;? 8E65B7S5;4,D 4=; 8>C1*>/ 45:. 'C;8*

E8 4, ,-,6=EC;, 45: 693+.6,. [4+* EC+, ,63 4=; 689*-9,@/ 4=D

,4E3+@,*9,D 45: <,;?45: -7;84,* -;.+4/ +45; ,;,-;F+4= = 8:,*+<=+7, 45:

69.4,-.;*+4/ 45: 65*/E,45D 2,<FD 2,* = 695+2311=+= +4, ,-,6=EC;,

693+.6,, 2,* = +=E,+7, 45:D +4= B*,E39@.+= 2,* B*?61,+= 43+5 45:

T,9,24/9, 45: 65*=4*25P 8-F (2,* 45: ,;<9F65:-65*=4/). "67+=D -7;84,*

@,;89/ = +=E,+7, 4.; ;829F; 695+F6.; 2,* 4=D 86=98,S3E8;=D B*?<8+=D

65*=4/, 65*=4*25P 8-F 2,* 65*=4*2F; T,9,24/9.; +4= B*,E39@.+= 2,*

B*?61,+= 4=D 657=+=D.

"@RC3:JL

i. "*9.;*2/ ?-;5*,: A5 65*=4*23 8-F E5*?S8* ;, E= -;.97S8* 4, 4824,*;3E8;, / 4*D

,;,E8;3E8;8D 8>817>8*D 2?65*,D 2,4?+4,+=D. N*, 6,9?B8*-E, +45 657=E, ´A5 E5;4C15ª, 45 4*#.1$2 693+.65 4=D

-:;,72,D, 2$ ?'2$ ;A#9/ ;.#$,, 45 8!,3.1$2 '=+$, 5 &6,&'(/ +#98A12/ [&]+,

;*930 4,$ [&]+2 &+(', 6952,15P; 4*D ,E@*R5178D +45 65*=4*23 8-F E8 4=

8*9.;*2/ ?-;5*, +4=; 48T;*2/ 45: G2,97E6,. ?+ 8<. )6;(:! ] /13. (13 8#'" 5í "!;'. 8-A01.,

461 )63 45 657=E, ´H ,-,6=4*2*? E5:ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ G. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;, 1970, +. 111.





152

5' (8*(8#&"* &*" &*6)4/"* ñ 1 /13. (13 $#/'" 2'("5(;/1 )%. (%/ A)*/' )1 5)A01.

(' 61&#/"! 462 ii. & 6,*-;*FB=D T,9,24/9,D 4=D -1F++,D:

N1.++*23 6,*T;7B* E8 ,4?28D, ,65+495@CD, T*5:E59*+4*25PD

+T51*,+E5PD (65: 69,-E,4565*5P;4,* 68*+4*23489, EC+. 4.; B*,13-.;).

iii. G:;.;:E78D, +:-TP+8*D, :652,4,+4?+8*D 5;5E?4.; T9=+*E565*5P;4,*

-*, 4=; :65;3E8:+= 4.; 597.; 4=D 4,:434=4,D: Z6.D +=E87.+8 = ',79= '*2C ´"6*T8*95P;4,* B*6154:678D,

6,9,T,9?>8*D, 86*+=E8*F+8*D, 86*E8*>78D, -, ;, 2,1:@<87 ,29*RFD ,:43 45

8;B*?E8+5 28;3 4=D ,65:+7,D.ª 463 ):43D 5 49365D ,;?64:>=D ´695]65<C48*

4=; ,;?64:>= +TC+8.; ,;?E8+, +45:D /9.8D , CEX:T5:D 2,* E=, 45:

+2,9*E6*25P +PE6,;45Dª. 464

iv. !51P ñ :@515-*23 61C-E,: O7;8* 651:615234=4, +4=; 4,:434=4, 8;3D 65*/E,45D / 8;3D 65*=4*25P

T,9,24/9,. "6*49C68* 4=; 651P-;.E= 89E=;87, 45: 65*=4*25P C9-5:.

G:ER?118* +4=; 651:@.;7, 4=D +:ER51*2/D 89E=;87,D.

v. ):45+T51*,+E3D 2,* ,:45,;,@59*2CD B=1F+8*D: A, ?45E, CT5:; 8+.489*2CD +:-295P+8*D 5* 56578D 8;4567S5;4,* 2,*

689*597S5;4,* +4=; ,;,2P21.+= 8;3D ,*+</E,45D (6.T. B:+@597,D) 65: B8;

8245;F;84,* 654C 6C9, ,63 4*D ,:45,;,@59*2CD +:;B=1F+8*D 45:.

vi. A5 ,6,4=13 45 6,*T;7B* 4=D 8E@?;*+=D: A, ,;48+49,EEC;, 87B.1,, = 39,+= 4.; 69,-E?4.; EC+, ,63

,;?+495@5 697+E,, B=E*5:9-5P; 2,4,+4?+8*D 8*9.;*2CD, +,4*9*2CD 2,:+4*2CD

462 )63 45 657=E, ´A5 E5;4C15ª, 65*=4*2/ +:115-/ D. E., 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970, +. 23-24. 463 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'-$.&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., 82B3+8*D LCB95D, 2001, +. 242. 464 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'-$.&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., 82B3+8*D LCB95D, 2001, +. 242.





153

4.; +:ER?+8.; E*, 25*;.;7,D ´65: +:+TC4*S8 25:4?ª, E8 ,654C18+E, ;,

B=E*5:9-874,* 3, 4* +:;564*2? 5;5E?+4=28 .D 65*=4*2/D 4=D ,;,4956/D.465

vii. H 8;B5+236=+= 4.; T,9,24/9.;: H 86*+/E,;+= 8;3D 4,9,-EC;5: X:T*25P 23+E5: 5B=-87 4, ?45E, +8

E*, ñ 8243D 597.; ñ @,;4,+7,. &* ,9;=4*2CD / 2,* 5* <84*2CD 618:9CD ,:4/D 4=D

@,;4,+7,D :65B=1F;5:; 4=; ,;?-2= 695+,9E5-/D +8 C;, 689*R?115;, ,@5P

5 *B*3E59@5D T,9,24/9,D CT8* E84,@89<87 (+:;8*B=4? / E=) +45 689*<F9*5. H

8;B5+236=+= 4.; T,9,24/9.; 2,* 5* 8+.489*2CD B*89-,+78D ,@595P; 2,*

-8-5;34, 4, 5657, E65987 ;, B=E*5:9-5P; 4=; ,7+<=+= T,9?D /

*2,;5657=+=D +45 693+.65.

465 L,4897;, L.+475:, H$&,8A85 &+01 62$0+$45 +0/ ,1,+#265/. E=+$#,, 6,#A%9,, *$#A1*9,, ;$2@'2# &+2 ,-080',+$4( .#82 +2! F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D (8@C1= (Wí C2B5+=), )</;, 2005.





154

6. !BI>@AG4I5<5 5>; <EC 5CDA7>=6@76A5H?5 <EL >=?E4EL <=B !:5A?I>5.

& Jean BessiËre ,+T515PE8;5D E8 45 <CE, 4=D 4,:434=4,D 4=D

15-548T;7,D B*84P6.+8 34* = 65*=4*2/ C2@9,+= 69,-E,4F;84,* +PE@.;, E8

C;, B*,92CD 6,*T;7B* ,;?E8+, +4=; +,!+(+0+, (= 4,:434=4, 45: 87;,*, 4=D

5:+7,D 45: 23+E5: 65: 6,9CT8* 45 657=E,) 2,* 4=; *+*#(+0+, (45 @,7;8+<,*

65: 6,9CT5:; 4, 69?-E,4, 45: 23+E5:). H E84,E5;4C9;, 657=+= = 5657,

61C5; CT8* 8-2,4,187X8* 4= +4,<89/ 4,:434=4, 45: +:ER315: 2,* ,;,6,9*+4?

E8 EC+, 4849*EEC;, 4= B*?T:4= 848934=4, 4.; 69,-E?4.; 87;,* = E848>C1*>=

45: 69F45: E5;489;*+E5P, 2,4? 45; 56575; = 657=+= CT8* 4=; *2,;34=4, ;,

E*1? 5:+*,+4*2?, T.97D .+43+5 ;, ,@/;8* ,[email protected]= 4= +TC+= ,;?E8+, +4=;

5:+*,+4*2/ ,:4/ 4,:434=4? 4=D 2,* 4=; *2,;34=4? 4=D ;, ,;,@C984,* +4,

69?-E,4, 45: +P-T95;5: 23+E5:.466 L,4í ,;?15-5 49365 2,* = +2,9*E6*2/

657=+= B*,4=987 4=; 4,:434=4? 4=D, ,;,6,9,+4,7;8* 4=; 2,4?+4,+= E*,D 4?>=D

69,-E?4.; 36.D 87;,* +4=; 2!&9, T.97D ;, 8-2,4,18768* 4=; B*?T:4=

848934=4? 45:D - B=1,B/ 45 -,91*&>,$ 8;3D 23+E5:. & G2,97E6,D ,;,@C984,* +4, 69?-E,4, 45: +P-T95;5: 23+E5: 4,

5657, 8*9.;8P84,* 2,* :65;5E8P8*, EC+. 4.; =9F.; 45:. H +4,B*,2/ 2,*

B9,+4*2/ :65;3E8:+= 4=D 51521=9.EC;=D 8*23;,D 4.; =9F.; 45: EC+. 4=D

5657,D B=E*5:9-874,* E7, ,4C18*.4= 65*2*17, 931.; 2,* = B*?T:+= 45: 8-F / =

:652,4?+4,+= 45: ,63 45 ´?115ª, 6,9,6CE68* +45; +,92,+E3, +4=;

8*9.;87, 2,* +4=; 6,9.B7, E*,D 865T/D E5;3618:9=D, E*,D 25*;.;7,D 2,*

E*,D 15-548T;*2/D 6,9?B5+=D 8-21.R*+EC;=D +8 R,+*2? +T/E,4,. ):43 65: 86*<:E874,* 87;,* = ,;,B*?4,>= 2,* 86,;-*89?9T=+= ,>*F;.

)68*25;7S5;4,* ,>78D 2,* ,6,>78D. G2*,-9,@5P;4,* 4P65* 4=D 2,<=E89*;34=4,D

2,* 695R?115;4,* /9.8D 2,* ,;4*/9.8D. &* 2,<*89.EC;8D +:ER?+8*D ,652,1P645:; 2,* 4=; ?11= 3X= 45:D: ´45

,+4875 -7;84,* +6,9,T4*23, = 61=-/ 8>,7+*,, 45 6,*T;7B* 49,-*23, 5 ?;<9.65D

+2*?, 5 EP<5D 69,-E,4*234=4,, = ,*.;*34=4, 8@/E89=, 45 -C1*5 5B:;=93

466 Jean BessiËre: De ValÈry ‡ John Ashbery: Modes de rÈfÈrence, modes de pertinence poÈtiques : Díun passage du modernisme au post-modernisme, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, &+0 3282+*;19,, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$. 43E5D 1, 82B3+8*D O3E5D, )</;, 2000, ++. 59-70.





155

21?E, 2,* = 8:@93+:;= T,9? 5B:;=9/ 1P6=. )63 ,:43; 3E.D 45; 21,:+7-815

/ 4=; 8*9.;*2/ 2,* +,4*9*2/ T,9E51P6= 6952P648* = B:;,E*234=4, 2,* 5

8>,7+*5D 6,1E3D 4=D S./D, E*,D S./D ,;,63B9,+4, 2*;=4*2/D, 65: +:;,*987

4, ,;47<84,, B*,+,18P8* R8R,*34=48D -*, 4, +489834:6, 2,* ,;4187 4= B:;,E*2/

4=D ,29*RFD ,63 ,:4/ 4= +:;,798+=ª467. "67+=D 695R?1184,* = %$,-2#*+$4(+0+,Y 5* 8;,11,24*2CD 4,:434=48D

=9F.; ñ36.D 695R?115;4,* EC+, +45 25*;.;*23 45:D 689*R?115;ñ

695+6,<5P; ;, 289B7+5:; 43+5 45 +8R,+E3 45: ,;,-;F+4= 3+5 2,* 4.;

:6315*6.; 695+F6.; 45: +2,9*E6*25P C9-5:. A5 C9-5 E5*?S8* ;, <C18* ;,

BF+8* CE@,+= +45 +8R,+E3 4=D B*,@59?D 45: ?115:. H -;.9*E7, E8 B*,@5984*25P 4P65: T,9,24/98D 18*45:9-87 .D ,;47R,95 +45; <9:EE,4*+E3

45: :6528*EC;5: 2,* +4=; 651*4*2/ 8<;*2F;, 651*4*2F;, <9=+28:4*2F;

4,:454/4.;. 'C+, ,63 4=; 651:615234=4, 4.; T,9,24/9.; 4.; 695+F6.; 2,*

4.; 2,4,+4?+8.; 65: R*F;5:;, 86*+=E,7;84,* = 86,;8247E=+= 45:

´?T9=+45:ª 2,* 45: ´689*445Pª. Z+5; ,@59? 45:D T,9,24/98D, 4, ,9;=4*2?

+=E87, 45;7S5:; 4, <84*2? ,11? 2,* 3+5; ,@59? 4, R*FE,4, 5* B:+?98+48D

8E68*978D 8:;55P; 4=; 6152/ 4.; :65<C+8.;, 4*D B*,BCT5;4,* <84*2CD

8E68*978D 2,* 5B=-5P; +4= +:--9,@/ 45: C9-5:. Z6.D ,;,@C98* = ',79= '*2C, ´= :6C9R,+= +45 C9-5 45: G2,97E6,

B8; ,;,64P++8* +TC+8*D E8 45 39*5 36.D ,29*RFD 45 E,P95 E8 45 ?+695, 45

,6,-598:EC;5 E8 45 ;3E*E5, 45 C>. E8 45 EC+,Y = +TC+= 6,79;8* 4= E59@/

E*,D +6879,D, 4=; 5657, 2,E7, 6,9?R,+= B8; E65987 ;, 8>,;41/+8*.ª 468 G45; G2,97E6, 4, 6?;4, 87;,* 8P<9,:+4, 2,* 18*45:9-5P; ,6,4=1? /

6,9,61,;=4*2?: 693+.6, 2,* *B*34=48D, 2,4,+4?+8*D 2,* +:;</28D EC+, +4*D

56578D 2*;5P;4,* 2,* B95:;. & ,;,-;F+4=D B8; >8T.97S8* 65P +4,E,4? =

,1/<8*,, 65P ,9T7S8* 45 X8PB5D +8 65*5 +=E875 87;,* = 8227;=+= 2,* +8 65*5 =

2,4?1=>/ 45:D. ´A5 E?4* 87;,* +:-T93;.D 5 2,<9C@4=D 2,* = 1?E6,: B*,TC8* 45

@.D 45: +45; 23+E5 65: R97+284,* 513-:9,, 8;F +:-T93;.D E8 E*, 27;=+=,

65: B8; 87;,* ,;,-2,+4*2? ,;4*@,4*2/, 689*E,S8P8* E8 +65:B/ 45 7B*5 @.D

467 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'-$.&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., 82B3+8*D LCB95D, 2001, +. 249. 468 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'-$.&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., 82B3+8*D LCB95D, 2001, +. 241.





156

EC+, +4= B*,@?;8*, 45: 6=-,B*5P.ª 469 ´H +@,79, 45: CT8* 4=; 8>,*984*2/

65*34=4, 8;3D <,:E,+45P +6395: ñ 36.D ,29*RFD 45 2C1:@5D 45: ,:-5P

65: 845*E?S84,* ;, +6?+8*. "7;,* = @*-5P9, 65: R97+284,* +4= B*,B*2,+7, 4=D

:6C9R,+=D 4.; 597.; 4=D.ª 470 );,1P5;4,D 4= +2,9*E6*2/ ,;<9.65-8.-9,@7, -*;3E,+48 E?94:98D

8;3D B*615P-4,:43T95;5: 8-T8*9/E,45D: 4=; 2,11*C9-8*, 2,* 8>C1*>= 4=D

65*=4*2/D 4CT;=D 2,* 4= B=E*5:9-7, 651:693+.6.; 2,* 69.43@,;4.; (+8

,9284CD 689*64F+8*D 6.T. R5QB?--815*) T,9,24/9.;. A5 B*613 8-T879=E, 8>817++84,* 43+5 +8 86768B5 2,11*C9-8*,D 4=D

4CT;=D 2,* 45: 65*=4*25P 13-5: 3+5 2,* +8 86768B5 E848>C1*>=D 4.; E59@F;

45: +2,9*E6*25P C9-5:. O=E*5:9-874,* 45 +2,9*E6*23 +PE6,; +45 56575 5*

@*-5P98D +:;:6?9T5:;, ,11=186*B95P;, ,11=15+:E61=9F;5;4,* 2,*

86*4815P; B*,28*E8;*2CD B*89-,+78D.

469 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'-$.&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., 82B3+8*D LCB95D, 2001, +. 241. 470 M. Foucault, ´A preface to Transgressionª, +45; 43E5 Language, Counter-memory, Practice. Selected Essays and Interviews, E4@9. Donald F. Bouchard 2,* Sherry Simon, Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York, 1977, 35. [H E84?@9,+= 45: 6,9,<CE,45D 87;,* ,63 45 R*R175 4=D ',79= '*2C, )*+,'-$.&*$/ (Ö), 3.6., +. 242.





157

&,$S#-#!

G4= +2,9*E6*2/ ,;<9.65-8.-9,@7,, 5* B*,297+8*D CEX:T5 ñ ?X:T5,

CER*5 ñ E= CER*5, 8,:43D ñ 5E57.E,, 87;,* <51CD. I+43+5, +8 2,E7,

689764.+= B8; 86*R8R,*F;84,* 45 B76515 2,* = ,;4*E,T7, ,;?E8+, +4*D 6*5

6?;. 2,4=-5978D. )61FD 597S84,* 5 8;B*?E8+5D 8287;5D TF95D +45; 56575

@,7;84,* ;, B=E*5:9-874,* C;, 61C-E, +TC+8.; ,;?E8+, +45; 8,:43 2,* +45

5E57.E? 45:, ,11? 2,* ,;?E8+, +45:D ,;<9F65:D (X8:B,;<9F65:D) 2,* +4,

?X:T, 69?-E,4,, 95E634, ,;B987281, 2,* 3+, ?11, 2,45*25P; +45 +PE6,;

45: G2,97E6, 2,* +:;8T7S5:; +8 C;, ,48187.45 6,*T;7B* ;, :65BP5;4,*

9315:D. 471 A, 39*, ?11548 <, -7;5;4,* B:+B*?29*4,, 2,* ?11548 <, 8>,187@5;4,*

48187.D 2,* <, 2,9,B5287 6?;4, 5 27;B:;5D ;, R98<5PE8 ´(LA ,6í +, (#$,ª,

6C@45;4,D 8748 ,63 4= E89*? 4=D 8:4:T7,D, 8748 ,63 4=; ,;47<84=, 65: E65987

;, 87;,* 2,* 8287;= 4=D 49C1,D.472 ):43 ,65B8*2;P8* 4=; 5>P;5*, 45: G2,97E6, ;, ,;4*1,ER?;84,* 43+5

651P6152, 2,* R,<*? 4, 69?-E,4, 45: 23+E5:. '84C68*4,, ,65B8*2;P84,* =

86*B8>*34=4, 45: 15-54CT;= ;, 4, E84,@C98* +4=; 657=+= 2,* ;, 2,<*+4?

812:+4*2/ 4=; +:EE845T/ 45: ,;,-;F+4= B=E*5:9-F;4,D C;, E5;,B*23

6?;498E,. G8 865TCD 2,4? 4*D 56578D, ,63 4*D 82B54*2CD 86*T8*9/+8*D, 4, *B9PE,4,

216, B824? -7;5;4,* E3;5 C9-, E,S*2/D 2,4,;?1.+=D 87;,* BP+2515 ;,

8;456*+45P; C9-, 4, 5657, ;, E=; +4895P;4,* P@5:D 2,* 695+.6*234=4,D.

Z4,; R,+*23 29*4/9*5 <8.9874,* 45 E,S*23 2,* 45 81*4*+4*23 87;,* ,;,63@8:245

;, E=; <8.9874,* .D +43T5D = 5*25;5E*2/ 2,* 4,>*2/ *2,;5657=+=. H E,S*2/ 6,9,-.-/ ´2,11*48T;*2F;ª C9-.; E8 86*@,;8*,2CD

824*E/+8*D 6,9,6CE68* +45 -8;*234895 217E, 4.; 2,*9F; 65: 86*29,487: 45;

2,4,;,1.4*+E3 2,* 45 81,@9P ñ 8P68645 :1*23. G:E@.;F;4,D E8 4=;

471 ',79= '*2C, )*+,'-$.&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., 82B3+8*D LCB95D, 2001, +. 243. 472 `. ). L5231=D, ´);B987281, ñ 69?-E,4, ñ 1?<= - 8,:45P1=B8DY 61C-E,4, 618-E?4.;ª, C*#9632!/, 4.T. 44 (,@*C9.E, +45; N*?;;= G2,97E6,), '?94*5D ñ $5P;*5D 1997, +. 98.





158

8247E=+= 45: (?;5: W,1,.974= ´2* 8BF @,7;84,* 63+5 ,;FE,1= 87;,* =

495T*? 4=D ,:45;3E=+=D. (, <C+5:E8, 15*63;, 45 89F4=E,: :6?9T8* ?9,-8

69,-E,4*2? ,:43;5E= 4CT;= +45; 2,*93 E,D;ª473 !,9? 4= E8*5;34=4, 4.; 17-.; 69.434:6.;, E= 8E6598P+*E.; C9-.;

E8 -;/+*, :65-9,@/ 2,* P@5D 65: 2,* ,:4? ,23E= ,68*15P;4,* ,63 45

B=E5+*5-9,@*23 2,* 6,;86*+4=E*,23 2,48+4=EC;5, ´47 <, 65PE8 -*, 4*D

8>,94/+8*D 45: 8*2,+4*25P, E5:+*25P, +:--9,@*25P @,*;5EC;5: ,63 +.987,

?11.; 6,9,-3;4.;, 86*15-/D, B*,;5E/D, 2,4,;?1.+=D +4=; ,-59?, E8

:6,-598P+8*D 4.; <8E?4.; 2,* 45: +T/E,45D 4.; C9-.; ,63 @39E5:18D 65:

86=98?S5:; 4=; 6,9,-.-/ 45:D .D 8E659*2F; 695Q3;4.;;ª474 G8 +:;C;48:>/ 45: 5 ',9+C1 (4:+?; 87T8 68* 34* 4, -;/+*, C9-, 45: EC115;45D

<, -7;5:; :63-8*,, 36.D +45; 2,*93 4.; 9=4F; ,6,-598P+8.;.475 K8.9F;4,D 4= +2,9*E6*2/ 15-548T;*2/ 6,9,-.-/ ,;8>?94=4= ,63

T93;5 2,* 689*R?115; 4= T,9,24=97S. ,:45BP;,E=Y 8*B*23489, +8 865TCD

2,4? 4*D 56578D ":9.6,75* (2,* 15*6F; 8<;54/4.;) 65*=4CD 2,* +:--9,@87D

B*,2,4CT5;4,* ,63 45 ?-T5D 4=D E8115;4*2/D 65987,D 2,* ,;,-;.9*+*E34=4,D

45: C9-5: 45:D 43+5 ,63 45 ,;,-;.+4*23 25*;3 3+5 2,* ,63 4=; 29*4*2/. G8

43+5 98:+45PD (2,* 8>,94=EC;5:D ñ ,63 6511? 2,* 8:481/) 2,*95PD 8P251,

E65987 ñE8 45 6C9,+E, 45: T93;5:ñ ;, 2,4,289E,4*+487 5 T,9,24/9,D

15-548T;*2F; C9-.;Y ,23E, B:+2513489, E6595P; ;, 29,4=<5P; 2,*

B*,;<*+45P; C9-,, 6,9? E3;5 ,; CT5:; 4=; ,:<8;4*234=4, 2,* 2,4í 86C24,+=

4=; ,:45B:;,E7, 45:D. G4= B8P489= 5E?B, E659F ;, 8;4?>. 4= +2,9*E6*2/

65*=4*2/ 6,9,-.-/, E*, 64:T/ 4=D 5657,D E31*D 8>84?+4=28.

473 (?;5D W,1,.974=D: ´):45;5E7,. E5;489;*+E3D 2,* 5 6,;*23D 45: C9-5:ª, :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, &+0 3282+*;19,, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., (Wí O*8<;CD G:;CB9*5 ñ !9,24*2?, 43E5D )í), 82B3+8*D O3E5D, )</;, 2000, +. 146. 474 (?;5D W,1,.974=D, +45 7B*5, (.6.. 475 (?;5D W,1,.974=D, +45 7B*5, (.6., +. 148.





159

W$WJ$&N#)M$)

1. );,-;.+4565P15: O*,E?;4=, O 62$0+$45 +2! .#A+, &+2 .#82 +2! D.

H'6*$#942!, 82B3+8*D \X*15;, 1990. 2. O?11, "P=: ´H 8>C1*>= 8;3D 395:ª, 689*5B*23 V$,"=7A, 4.T. 429, '?*5D

2002. 3. "--5;365:15D (725D, C2$5',+,, 43E. )í, 82B3+8*D ^2,95D, 1977. 4. "--5;365:15D (725D, C2$5',+,, 43E. Wí, 82B3+8*D =^2,95D, 1985. 5. HE89513-*5 1997, E!88#,-*9/ &+2 ;#(12. F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D O*?E8495D.

6. L5227;=D G6P95D, :, ,6240#!8'.1, 62$5',+, +2! E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D M*1*6634=, )</;,, 1991.

7. L5231=D `. )., ´);B987281, ñ 69?-E,4, ñ 1?<= - 8,:45P1=B8DY 61C-E,4, 618-E?4.;ª, C*#9632!/, 4.T. 44 (,@*C9.E, +45; N*?;;=

G2,97E6,), '?94*5D ñ $5P;*5D 1997. 8. L5231=D `. ).: ´G2,9*E6*2? 1: 6897 [R5QB],--C1.; 2,* ,-7.;ª, 689.

)$4#2W$32328$4=, 4T. 1, 1997, +. 24 ñ 27, J8:2.+7,. 9. L.+475: L,4897;,, H$&,8A85 &+01 62$0+$45 +0/ ,1,+#265/. E=+$#,,

6,#A%9,, *$#A1*9,, ;$2@'2# &+2 ,-080',+$4( .#82 +2! F$=110

E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D (8@C1= (Wí C2B5+=), )</;, 2005. 10. J,B5-*?;;= N8.9-7,: ´H %,127B,, 15-548T;*23D 4365D 45: N*?;;=

G2,97E6,ª, 689. ),1$-.&+2, ?;5*>= 2005. 11. '*2C ',79=, )*+,'2#-?&*$/ &+0 1*2*3301$45 6*728#,-9, 192/ ñ 20(/

,$?1,/, 82B3+8*D LCB95D (2= C2B5+=), 2001. 12. '69843; );B9., D#4=1, 17, E4@9. G4. L5:E,;5PB=D \X*15; 1984. 13. '69843; );B9., N=1+$,, E4@9. G4. L5:E,;5PB=D, \X*15;, 1981. 14. !,;,-*.45P;=D !. (., F$=110/ E4,#9'6,/. K $%,38(/ +0/ R,349%,/., "4,*987, 811=;*25P R*R175:, )</;,, 1986,

15. !,6,-8.9-565P15: $. G5P1,, D1.4%2+, 4,$ ,>0&,@#$&+, 4*9'*1, +2!

F$=110 E4,#9'6,, O=E3+*, L8;49*2/ W*R1*5</2= %,127B,D, %,127B,,

1995.





160

16. !,6,+4?E5D N*F9-5D, E4,#9'6,/, 82B3+8*D N*?;;=D W. W,+BC2=D,

)</;, 1986, +. 175. 17. !,P15: G?RR,D, O +,42!124*1+#$45 .'61*!&0 5 2$ 82"=4$*/ 08.#$*/

+2! '21,%$42@ F$=110 E4,#9'6,, J8:2.+7, 1979. 18. !1?4.;5D, E!'6(&$21, %IV. 19. C#,4+$4= Dí C,1*3351$2! E!1*%#92! 8$, +21 F$=110 E4,#9'6,, 82B3+8*D

O*?E8495D 2007. 20. !95:+/D '. LF+4,D: ´N*?;;= G2,97E6,: K!3,32@'ª, +45 689*5B*23

P!6#$,4= F#='',+,, 4. Ní, J8:2.+7,, 1937. 21. G2,97E6, N*?;;=, G6,1+*/ E+9;2$ 1936 ñ 1970, 82B3+8*D "64?15@5D, )</;,, 1970.

22. G2,97E6, N*?;;=, I2J%=88*32$, "2B3+8*D L?245D, )</;,, 1976. ()í

C2B5+= 1968). 23. G2,97E6, N*?;;=, H,!+2@30%*/, 82B3+8*D ). ',:97B=D, )</;, 1950. 24. G2,97E6, N*?;;=, ),#$='6,/, 82B3+8*D (8@C1=, )</;,, 1992. 25. G2,97E6, N*?;;=, K!3,32@', N9,@875 !;8:E,4*2F; 06=98+*F;,

)</;,, 1936. (Wí C2B5+= L?245D, 1975). 26. G4,E65:15P N9. G:E8F;, C08./ +0/ 6*728#,-9,/ +2! F$=110

E4,#9'6,, )</;,, 2006. 27. :,!+(+0+, 4,$ *+*#(+0+, &+0 3282+*;19,, 182/ ñ 20(/ ,$., (Wí O*8<;CD G:;CB9*5. !9,24*2?) 43E5D 1, 86*EC18*, "1C;= !51745:-',9E,9*;5P ñ G5@7, (48;7+=, 82B3+8*D O3E5D, )</;, 2000.

28. Cixous Helene. ´The laugh of the Medusaª, Signs 1.4, (1975) 29. Gauthier X., SurrÈalisme et sexualitÈ, Gallimard/IdÈes, !,97+*, 1971 30. Kristeva Julia, Histoires díamour, DenoÎl, !,97+* 1983. 31. Lacan J.: ´Líamour courtois en anamorphoseª, Le SÈminaire VII

´LíÈthique de la psychanalyseª, Seuil, !,97+* 1986. 32. Secor Cynthia. ìThe Androgyny Papersî. Womenís studies: An

interdisciplinary Journal 2.2, 1974.





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ne valse des peples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acrimae Hominis" (!. ".) "K5:#8RMC $?56$" (Q. H.) "04# '<:=;:6&" ('.!.) "Lacrimae Florum" (Q. H) ". $5D:#"$" ('. !.) "2$# <:4=>%6 %>8$7<5:" ('. !.) "Dona mia Portoles" (!. ".) "!5:7G<>5FC& %$==6%>#8U$5G#" ('. !.) "'B' 8C 7F6D>M$ 8:4 8U$D6:;" (!.!.) "'==$AI 9<$AA?=D$8:&" (!. ".) ". $<>#8C7C 78C# V=9#$ 2854AA>5C" ('. !.) "'AA?=G" (!. ".) ")$56#I 74DBG#"$" ('. !.) "K:LM>AA9=:& !5R8:&" (!. ".) ")==C#6%> 3:4D<$A6>8" ('. !.) "K6:=?8$" (!. ".) "H: 8$T"M6" ('. !.) "'48J - 0$6!" (!. ".) "'D>#. -;=:6 D:4 =?# 4<9D:#I" (2. !.) "V5G8$& UGA5>B:&" (!. ".) "VD96#$. . D?5$ 9"F9 %6J=$& B;A96." (2. !.)

pdfMachine - is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease! Get yours now!

“Thank you very much! I can use Acrobat Distiller or the Acrobat PDFWriter but I consider your product a lot easier to use and much preferable to Adobe's" A.Sarras - USA


"V#$ <=:": D9 ;B:&" (!. ".) ",$6 78: D#ID$ D:4" (2. !.) ". >A#G78C" (!. ".) "0>T95$ <:4 %:6D>8$6 : W9J&" (2. !.) ". $A$<C86%6> D:4" (!. ".) "!>59 %$6 D?#$ D<>5D<$ D:4" (2. !.) "3$F?=$" (Q. H.) "2$# D<$"#G 78: $D>T6" (2. !.) "!>#' $<' 8: %>8$7<5: FG56J 7:4" (Q. H.) "1"=:& ?MG79 79 B"=:" (2. !.) "- B"=:&" (Q. H.) "2' >F$5: A=?#86" (!. !.) "28C A4#$"%$ D:4" (Q. H.) "/>A6$" (Q. H.) "/6$ =;<C" (Q. H.) "'#$D<?=$ - *C" (Q. H.) ")DO$8I56: 8C& =IEC&" (Q. H.) ". %45> D:4 C 85?==$" (Q. H.) ",=>S$89" (Q. H.) "H: T>B#6$7D$" (Q. H.) "H: <$=CJ D:4 5:=J6" (Q. H.) "H: 8$A%J 8C& =;<C&" (Q. H.) "H$ 7<"86$" (Q. H.) "H$D>5$" (Q. H) ",;%=:6" ('. !.) "- O6#8U6?5C&" ('. !.) "'<' 8C# !J=C 95FJ8$#9" (2. !.) "'N8$# B47> : $A?5$&" ('. !.) "2$# <:4=>%6 %>8$7<5:" ('. !.) "HJ%$#9& S?D$8$" ('.!.) "'D>#. -;=:6 D:4 =?# 4<9D:#I" (2. !.) ")"M$ 859=J F9=6M:#>%6" (2. !.) "29O$=6? 295O>#" (2. !.) ",$6 78: D#ID$ D:4 9<>#G" (2. !.)




"/6$ <$#859D?#C" (2. !.) "0>8:4# J<:4 #$ A?#98:4#" (2. !.) "H7C D>#$& 7:4 8: UI8CT$" (2. !.) ". %45> 8C& $A><C&" (2. !.) "*>D<96& %$6 85?D96&" (!. !.) ")<?5$7$ %$6 <>=6" (!.!.) "H:4 %>%:4" (!. !.) "H: 8$<96#J 7<68>%6" (!. !.) "/J#:& ?D96#$" (!. !.) "'<=I 678:5"$" (!. !.) "X5E9& <:4 79 <95"D9#$" (!. !.)

"28C# %>D$5> 8:4 8C O:4OI 8C 5CD$AD?#C" (!. !.)

"/9 8$ B6=ID$8$ D6$& %J5C& AG U:;7$" (!. !.) "'B' 8C 7F6D>M$ 8:4 8U$D6:;" (!. !.) "X8$# F=GDI C $A><C D:4" (!. !.) "K$E6> D9 %$"96 : <J#:& 7:4" (!. !.) "K$E6> 79 74==:A"U:D$6" (!. !.) "Y$#>=$ 859=:%J5687:" (!. !.)

W)-2 ñ Q+'K-*-2 'PH-!3-2Z!-(3'1+' '1+)3Z2)+2 "H: /$56R" ('. 2.) "[$=%"M$" (!. ".) "V5G8$& UGA5>B:&" - 3"8$ D<:;DC (!. ".) "H: %$5>O6" ('. 2.) ". Q97<:6#"& *. !." (!. ".) "'#8" - A5>DD$" - *:;=C& !:U6J<:4=:& (!. ".) H: <>ECD$" (!. ".) "H: 85$"#:" (!. ".) "'48J - 0$6!" - (6>##C& K$5O$5"AA:& (!. ".) "H: D<$=%J#6" (!. ".) "P<:%567"$" (!. ".) "16A6?88$ (. !#94D$86%:;" - 16A6?88$ (. !#94D$86%:; (!. ".) "H: 967C8I56:" (!. ".) "H59=J&;" (!. ".) ".="$& (. 2%$5"D<$&" - .="$& (. 2%$5"D<$& (!. ".)




"H: O$=& FG5"& #8>D$" (!. ".) "H: B6M>%6" (!. ".) "-6 7B4AD:" 8C& 76AI& D:4" - 3"8$ 0. /<:;DC (Q. H.) "H: $78?56" (!. ".) "H: O$<J56" (!. ".) "H: T>B#6$7D$" - 3?#$ ,$5E$":4 (Q. H.) "!R& A9=>D9 78: [>5=9D" (!. ".) "H: UI8CD$" (!. ".) "H: *"U$ /<5>:4#" - *"U$ />==6:4 (Q. H.)

"!5J=:A:& K:LM>AA9=G#" (!. ".) "H: $78?56" (!. ".) "'5678$"$ (6>##C K$5O$5"AA:4" - '5678$"$ (. K$5O$5"AA:4 ('. !.)

"Comedie dell' arte" (!. ".) "Q97DR8C&" (!. ".) ". $<>#8C7C 78C# V=9#$ 28854AA>5C" - V=9#$ 2854AA>5C ('. !.)

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




"/>C DI#$" ("/>A6$") (2. !.) "/>A6$ E$ 7:4 %>DG D>A6$" (2. !.) "- W9J& :5"U96 $48J&" (2. !.) "0>T95$ <:; %:6D>8$6" (2. !.) "N8$# 7' 9A?##$ C D>#$ 7:4" (2. !.) "!956%$=R 79 [>5:#8$" (2. !.) "H6& :5"U96 8$ O:4#>;" (2. !.) "2' >F$5: A=?#86" (!. !.) "'A%>=6$7? D9 E>=$77$" (!. !.)

/'0' ")4E$#$7"$" (!. ".) "H: '*"U$ /<5>:4#'" (Q. H.) "'5678$"$ (6>##C K$5O$5"AA:4" ('. !.) "'<' 8C# !J=C 95FJ8$#9" (2. !.) "/>#$ 7:4 =?G" (2. !.) "0>#6 #>#6 #>#86 8:4" (2. !.) "N8$# 7' 9A?##$ C D>#$ 7:4" (2. !.) "H6 F547> F:59;:4D9" (2. !.) "H7C D>#$& 7:4 8: UI8CT$" (2. !.) "'A%>=6$7? D9 E>=$77$" (!. !.)




!"#$%$& 2 1P*+,. H'PH-H.H' '0Q3-(P0+,- 2H-+[)+- '32)0+,- 2H-+[)+- W.*P,- 2H-+[)+- "- %$D<:;5C&" (!. ".) "- $5=9%"#:&" (!. ".) "06#J#" (!. ".) "H: D<$=%J#6" !. ".) "- <695J88:&" (!. ".) "/456$7895:;7$" (!. ".) "H: A5>DD$" (!. ".) "- K' <$A%J7D6:&" (!. ".) "/<$=>#8$" (!. ".) "H: O$=& FG5"& #8>D$" (!. ".) ".D6:=J%=C5:#" (!. ".) "- 78$ED>5FC&" (!. ".) "H: UI8CD$" (!. ".) "/<$=>#8$" (!. ".) ",:6DGD?#C" (!. ".) "2B$F8J 8C& $A><C&" (!. ".) ",$8CA:54D?#C - )A?5EC86" (!. ".) ",$8CA:5:4D?#C-)A?5EC86" (!. ".) "!R& A9=>D9 78: [>5=9D" (!. ".) ".="$& (. 2%$5"D<$&" (!.".) ". <$5?$" (!. ".) "!=:":# 9# JS96" (!. ".) "[:5J& 7458J&" (!. ".) ". D6%5I %45"$" (!. ".) "-4=$=:;D" (!. ".) "H59=J&;" (!. ".) ". />56:# /?T6%$ 8:4 HU$" (!. ".) "Lacrimae Hominis" (!. ".) "H: /$56R" (!. ".) ". Q97<:6#"& *.!." (!. ".) "Lacrimae Florum" (Q.H.) "- H68$#6%J&" (!. ".) "H: <5:85$"8: 8C& )="U9 /$"C=4 (!. ".) "Dona mia Portoles" (A. ".) "H: $78?56" (!. ".) "1$#8$7"$" (!. ".)

"Comedie dell' arte" (!. ".) "H$ $B6A%5$8> 8:4 O5$F:%>O:45$" (!. ".) "P<:%567"$" (!. ".)

"'#8$<J%567C" (!. ".) "'"D$ 4<J D>7%$#" (!. ".) "H: D:#8?=:" (!. ".) "'==$AI 9<$AA?=D$8:&" (!. ".) "'48J-0$6!" (!. ".) "H: /$56R" (!. ".) "'AA?=G" (!. ".) ")DO$8I56: A$DI=6:" (!. ".) "- H68$#6%J&" (!. ".)

"@AA9=:& 9B>#C D:6" (!. ".) "Q4: $M9=B:" %$6 :6 M4: #9456%:"" (!. ".) "16A6?88$ (. !#94D$86%:;" (!. ".)




"K:LM>AA9=:& <5R8:&" (!. ".) "VFG M:4=96>" (!. ".) "H: O>U:" (!. ".)

"K6:=?8$" (!. ".) "N8$# :6 <457:" 8G# E4DR# D$&" (Q.H.) "H: %$5>O6" (!. ".)

"V5G8$& UGA5>B:&" (!. ".) "28: 76#9D>" (Q.H.) "Une valse des peples" (Q.H.) "V#$ <=:": D9 ;B:&" (!. ".) "/$56>D<$&" (Q.H.) "-6 <>#G A968:#6?&" (Q.H.) ". >A#G78C" (!. ".) "- O:7%J&" (Q.H.) ". /$87$AAJ#$" (Q.H.) ". $A$<C86%6> D:4" (!. ".) "- <J#:& 8:4 O:7%:;" (Q.H.) "@A6$ K$5O>5$" ('. !.) "-6 QRM9%$" (Q.H.) "- E95D$78I&" (Q.H.) "W$ 785R#:4# D>==6#$ 7%:486>" (2. !.) "3$F?=$" (Q.H.) "K5:#8RMC $?56$" (Q.H.) "*>D<96& %' 85?D96&" (!. !.) "!>#' $<' 8: %>8$7<5: FG56J 7:4" (Q.H.) ". =IEC" (Q.H.) "'B' 8C 7F6D>M$ 8:4 8U$D6:;" (!. !.)

"!$5$D;E6 8:4 NBBD$#" (Q.H.) "!5:7G<>5FC& %$==6%>#8U$5G#" ('. !.) "K$E6> D9 %$"96 : <J#:& 7:4" (!. !.)

"- B"=:&" (Q.H.) "08;#G 8$ 85$A:;M6$ D:4" ('.!.) "28C A4#$"%$ D:4" (Q.H.) "- '5F68?%8G#" ('.!.)

". <J=6&" (Q.H.) "'F:;! Q9 7%>O:4D$6 <:; E$ 8$BR" (2.!.)

"/>A6$" (Q.H.) "/$& <I5' C D?5$" (2. !.) "*:4=:;%$" (Q.H.) "-6 >#E5G<:6 9"F$# C88CE9"" (2. !.) "/6$ $7ID$#8C A4#$"%$" (Q.H.) "0>T95$ <:; %:6D>8$6" (2. !.) "'#$D<?=$-*C" (Q.H.) "!>589 <>589 8' >5D$8$" (2. !.) ". Q4#$789"$ 8G# )6%:7JB5$A%G#" (Q.H.) "!>59 %$6 D?#$ D<>5D<$" (2. !.) ")DO$8I56: 8C& =IEC&" (Q.H.) "1"=:& ?MG79 79 B"=:" (2. !.) ". ,45> D:4 C 85?==$" (Q.H.) ",=$"A9 J=: %=$"A9 >F$5:" (!. !.) ". %:;%=$" (Q.H.) ",=>S$89" (Q.H.) "H: T>B#6$7D$" (Q.H.) "H: <$=CJ D:4 5:=J6" (Q.H.) "H: 8$A%J 8C& =;<C&" (Q.H.)




"HC& ,456$%I& 8: T;<#CD$" (Q.H.) "H: A=$5>%6" (Q.H.) "H$ 7<"86$" (Q.H.) "H$D>5$" (Q.H.) "'<:F$6598678I56: 78>=D$ D:4" ('.!.) "'5678$"$ (6>##C K$5O$5"AA:4" ('.!.) "'<>#8C7C 78C# V=9#$ 2854AA>5C" ('. !.) ")$56#I 74DBG#"$" ('. !.) "VT6 8U>U:6 78$ 8;D<$#$" ('. !.) ",;%=:6" ('. !.) "*"U$ />==6:#" ('. !.) "0"#$ Q:=JT$" ('. !.) "04# '<:=;:6&" ('. !.) "- $48:%5>8G5" ('. !.) "- O6#8U6?5C&" ('. !.) "'N8$# B47> : $A?5$&" ('. !.) "2$# <:4=>%6 %>8$7<5:" ('. !.) "H: 8$T"M6" ('. !.) "H: '%$#9& S?D$8$" ('. !.) "'A$<C8:" D:4 74D<:="89&" (2. !.) "'D>#! -;=:6 D:4 =9# 4<9D:#I" (2. !.) "Ö'F F84<:;79 C %$5M:;=$ 7:4" (2. !.) "'<' 8C# <J=C 95FJ8$#9" (2. !.) ")DO$8I56: D<5:;8U6#:" (2. !.) "29O$=6? 295O>#" (2. !.) ",$6 78: D#ID$" (2. !.) "/6$ <$#859D?#C" (2. !.) "0>8:4# J<:4 #$ A?#98:4#" (2. !.)




"!956%$=R 79 [>5:#8$" (2. !.) "H7C D>#$& 7:4 8: UI8CT$" (2. !.) ". ,45> 8C& $A><C&" (2. !.) ")<?5$7$ %$6 <>=6" (!.!.) "[H:4 %>%:4]" (!. !.) "[H: 8$<96#J 7<68>%6]" (!. !.) "[/J#:& ?D96#$]" (!. !.) "'<=I 678:5"$" (!. !.) "28C# %>D$5> 8:4 8C O:4OI 8C 5CD$AD?#C" (!. !.) "2' >F$5: A=?#86" (!. !.) "2$# O54%:=>%G# 7%9=98:"" (!. !.) "/9 8$ B6=ID$8$ D6$& %J5C&" (!. !.) "'A%>=6$7? D9 E>=$77$" (!. !.) "X8$# F=:DI C $A><C D:4" (!. !.) "K$E6> 79 74==:A"U:D$6" (!. !.) "Y$#>=$ 859=:%J5687: T$#>=$ <>=6" (!. !.)

'1P*- 2H-+[)+- "-6 B"=:6" (!. ".) "3:D<J8" (!.".) "- M5JD:&" (!. ".) ". 85>8$" (!. ".) ". 9<"7%9SC" (!. ".) "H: B6M>%6;" (!. ".) "H: <>ECD$" (!. ".) "H: 967C8I56:" (!.".) "H: O$<J56" (!. ".)




"H"<:8$" (!. ".) "!5J=:A:& K:LM>AA9=G#" (!. ".) "!5J=:A:& !#$%&'% (&)*'% %$6 +,-&./012'%" "2<$7D?#: %$5>O6" (!. ".) "29O$=6? 295O>#" (!. ".) "Q97DR8C&" (!. ".) "K:LM>AA9=:& M9;895:&" (!. ".) ")$48:;=CM9&" (!. ".) ")4E$#$7"$" (!. ".) "28:# $#ER#$" (Q.H.) "!6%5J <:4=>%6" (Q.H.) "/6$ =;<C" (Q.H.) "[8;<$ O5:F:;=$ (Ö)" (Q.H.) "HC =;5$ <:; E' $BI796&;" (Q.H.) ". $5D:#"$" ('. !.) ")==C#6%> 3:4D<$A6>8" ('. !.) "- W9J& :5"U96 $48J&" (2. !.) "0>8$#9 C 7%?SC 7:4" (2. !.) "H6& :5"U96 8$ O:4#>;" (2. !.) "'F 8$ %95?#6$ O=?B$5$" (!. !.) "!?5$ $<' 8G# <9;%G# 8G# O:4OR# %$6 8G# 9=>8G#" (!. !.)




!"#$%$& 3 'H/-21'+3' - !)3+K'**-0 - 2P0W.,)2 W'0'H-2 WP/-2 2+Z!. - 2+(. "2<$7D?#: %$5>O6" (!. ".) "N8$# :6 <457:" 8G# E4DR# D$&" (Q.H.) ". =IEC" (Q.H.) "Lacrimae florum" (Q.H.) "H$D>5$" (Q.H.) "X8$# F=:DI C $A><C D:4" (!. !.) "Dona mia Portoles" (A. ".) "HJ%$#9& S?D$8$;" ('. !.) "'F 8$ %95?#6$ O=?B$5$" (!. !.) "'AA?=G" (!. ".) "'A$<C8:" D:4 74D<:="89&" (2. !.) "K$E6> 79 74==:A"U:D$6" (!. !.) "'48J-0$6!" (!. ".) ",=$"A9 J=: %=$"A9 >F$5:" (!. !.) ")DO$8I56: A$DI=6:" (!. ".) "/<$=>#8$" (!. ".) "VFG Q:4=96>" (!. ".) ",:6DGD?#C" (!. ".) ")4E$#$7"$" (!. ".) "H: D:#8?=:" (!. ".) "28C A4#$"%$ D:4" (Q.H.) "A-masque" (!. ".) ". ,45> D:4 C H5?==$" (Q.H.) "Lacrimae Hominis" (!. ".) ". =IEC" (Q.H.) "K:LM>AA9=:& M9;895:&" (!. ".) "H: <$=CJ D:4 5:=J6" (Q.H.) "'48J-0$6!" (!. ".) "H: 8$A%J 8C& =;<C&" (Q.H.) "V5G8$& UGA5>B:& (!. ".) "[8;<$ O5:F:;=$ (Ö)" (Q.H.) ")DO$8I56: A$DI=6:" (!. ".) ".="$& (. 2%$5"D<$&" (!. ".) ". >A#G78C" (!. ".) ",:6DGD?#C" (!. ".) "VFG M:4=96>" (!. ".) ". <$5?$" (!. ".) "28:# $#ER#$" (Q.H.) ". D6%5I %45"$" (!. ".) "3$F?=$" (Q.H.) "P<:%567"$" (!. ".) "!6%5J <:4=>%6" (Q.H.) "H59=J&;" (!. ".) "- B"=:&" (Q.H.) "H: D:#8?=:" (!. ".) "28C A4#$"%$ D:4" (Q.H.)




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




-0)+3- - -3'/' 2H-+[)+- H3)*'2 0P[H' "/$56>D<$&" (QH.) ". ,45> D:4 C 85?==$" (Q.H.) ". 9<"7%9S6&" (!. ".) "/>A6$" (Q.H.) "H: *"U$ /<5>:4#" (Q.H.) "VFG M:4=96>" (!. ".) "'#$D<?=$-*C" (Q.H.) "0"#$ Q:=JT$" ('. !.) ")4E$#$7"$" (!. ".) ")DO$8I56: 8C& =IEC& (Q.H.) "29O$=6? 295O>#" (2. !.) "3$F?=$" (Q.H.) ". ,45> D:4 C 85?==$" (Q.H.) "Y$#>=$ 859=:%J5687:" (!. !.) "!$5$D;E6 8:4 NBBD$#" (Q.H.) ". =IEC" (Q.H.) "28C A4#$"%$ D:4" (Q.H.) "H: 5IAD$" (Q.H.) ". <J=6&" (Q.H.) "HC =;5$ <:; E' $BI796&;" (Q.H.) "/6$ =;<C" (Q.H.) "H: *"U$ /<5>:4#" (Q.H.) "/6$ $7ID$8C A4#$"%$" (Q.H) "H$ 7<"86$" (Q.H.) "'#$D<?=$-*C" (Q.H.) "H: 8$T"M6" ('. !.) ". ,45> D:4 C 85?==$" (Q.H.) ")DO$8I56: D<5:;8U6#:" (2. !.) "H: <$=CJ D:4 5:=J6" (Q.H.) "- $5=9%"#:&" (!. ".) "'<:F$6598678I56: 78>=D$ D:4" ('. !.) "/456$7895:;7$" (!.".) ")==C#6%> 3:4D<$A6>8" ('. !.) "-6 B"=:6" (!. ".) "VT6 8U>U:6 78$ 8;D<$#$" ('. !.) ",$6 >B9& 9D:;" (!. ".) "0"#$ Q:=JT$" ('. !.) "- 78$ED>5FC&" (!. ".) "04# '<:=;:6&" ('. !.) "/J#: M4: 78"F:4&" (!. ".) "- O6#8U6?5C&" ('. !.) ". Q97<:6#"& *. !." (!. ".) "N8$# B47> : $A?5$&" ('. !.) "H: 85$"#:" (!. ".) "2$# <:4=>%6 %>8$7<5:" ('. !.) "'#8$<J%567C" (!. ".) ",$6 78: D#ID$ D:4 9<>#G" (2. !.) "'AA?=G" (!. ".) "2' $F$5: A=?#86" (!. !.)

"K$E6> 79 74==:A"U:D$6" (!. !.) ",=$"A9 J=: %=$"A9 >F$5:" (!. !.)




"@AA9=:& 9B>#C D:6" (!. ".) "2$# O54%:=>%G# 7%9=98:"" (!. !.) "Une valse des peples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




1P2. *+/'0+' - W'*'22' 2H'W/-+ "- O:7%J&" (Q.H.) "Lacrimae Hominis" (A.2.) "- 78$ED>5FC&" ('. 2.) "- <J#:& 8:4 O:7%:;" (Q.H.) "'#8$<J%567C" ('. 2.) "H: 85$"#:" ('. 2.) "28:# $#ER#$" (Q.H.) "Q97DR8C&" ('. 2.) "A-masque" ('. 2.) ",=>S$89" (Q.H.) "V#$ <=:": D9 ;B:&" ('. 2.) "[8;<$ O5:F:;=$ (Ö)" (Q.H.) "VFG M:4=96>" ('. 2.) "H: A=$5>%6" (Q.H.) ")4E$#$7"$" ('. 2.) "H$ 7<"86$" (Q.H.) "3$F?=$" (Q.H.) ". $5D:#"$" ('.!.) "'#$D<?=$-*C" (Q.H.) "®\'A6$ K$5O>5$" ('. !.) ". ,45> D:4 C 85?=$" (Q.H.) "'5678$"$ (6>##C K$5O$5"AA:4" ('.!.) "H: 5IAD$" (Q.H.) "'<>#8C7C 78C# V=9#$ 2854AA>5C" ('. !.) "H: A=$5>%6" (Q.H.) ")$56#I 74DBG#"$" ('. !.) "H: *"U$ /<5>:4#" (Q.H.) ")==C#6%> 3:4D<$A6>8" ('. !.) "0"#$ Q:=JT$" ('. !.) ",;%=:6" ('. !.) "04# $<:=;:6&" ('. !.) "08;#G 8$ 85$A:;M6$ D:4" ('. !.) "- K6#8U6?5C&" ('. !.) "'N8$# B47> : $A?5$&" ('. !.) "X5E9& <:4 79 <95"D9#$" (!. !.) "2$# <:4=>%6 %>8$7<5:" ('. !.) ". D6%5I %45"$" ('. 2.) "H: 8$T"M6" ('. !.) ". 9<"7%9S6&" ('. 2.) "'<' 8C# !J=C 95FJ8$#9" (2. !.) ". Q97<:6#"& *. !." ('. 2.) ")"M$ 859==J F9=6M:#>%6" (2. !.) "[:5J& 7458J&" ('. 2.) ",685:=9LD:#6$ :59.." (2. !.) "1$#8$7"$" ('. 2.) "- W9J& :5"U96 $48J& O:4#>" (2. !.) "- H68$#6%J&" ('. 2.) "0;F8$ : =$AJ& 9OAI%9" (2. !.) "H: %$5>O6" ('. 2.) "0>8$#9 8>F$ C 7%?SC 7:4" (2. !.) "H: D<$=%J#6" ('. 2.)




"!956%$=R 79 [>5:#8$" (2. !.) "H: 967C8I56:" ('. 2.) "!:==:;& A$5 789B>#:4& "G#" (2. !.) "H: O$<J56" ('. 2.) "/>86$" (!. !.) "!=:":# 9# JS96" ('. 2.) "'A%>=6$7? D9 E>=$77$" (!. !.) "2<$7D?#: %$5>O6" ('. 2.) "K$E6> D9 %$"96 : <J#:& 7:4" (!. !.) "!?5$ $<' 8G# <9;%G# 8G# O:4OR# %$6 8G# 9=>8G#" (!. !.)

!-*. - !-*+H)+' !-*+H+,- - +2H-3+,- 2H-+[)+- "'48J-0$6!" (!. ".) ". Q4#$789"$ 8G# )6%:7JB5$A%G#" (Q.H.) "'#8"-A5>DD$" (!. ".) "/6$ 9E#6%I DJ#:# )<$#>78$7C" (2. !.) "V5G8$& UGA5>B:&"(!. ".) "/>#$ 7:4 =?GÖ" (2. !.) ")$48:;=CM9&" (!.".) "-6 >#E5G<:6 9"F$# C88CE9"" (2. !.) ". 9<"7%9S6&" (!. ".) "!>589 <>589 8$ >5D$8> 7$&" (2. !.) ". >A#G78C" (!. ".) "!:;#' :6 %:<?=9&" (2. !.) ". $A$<C86%6> D:4" (!. ".) ")4E$#$7"$" (!. ".) "-6 <>#G A968:#6?&" (Q.H.) "!>#' $<' 8: %>8$7<5: FG56J 7:4" (Q.H.) ". <J=6&" (Q.H.) "*:4=:;%$" (Q.H.) "H: 8$A%J 8C& =;<C&" (Q.H.) "VT6 8U>U:6 78$ 8;D<$#$" ('. !.) "0"#$ Q:=JT$" ('. !.) "'A$<C8:" D:4 74D<:="89&" (2. !.) "- <695J8:&" ('. !.)




". <J=C" (!. ".) "[$=%"M$" (!. ".) " ". Q97<:6#"& *. !." ('. 2.) "[:5J& 7458J&" (!. ".) "H: /$56R" (!. ".) "H: 967C8I56:" (!. ".) "H$ $B6A%5$8> 8:4 O5$F:%>O:45$" (!. ". "28>M6:# MJTC&" (!. ".) "!R& A9=>D9 78: [>5=9D" (!. ".) "Dona mia Portoles" (!. ".) "Comedie dell' arte" (!. ".) "'AA?=G" (!. ".) "W$ 785R#:4# D>==6#$ 7%:486>" (2. !.) "'48:" <:4 M9# $#9%>=4S$#" (2. !.)




GAH'$& !)A#I( G%&JH )(K#I!$GA$LI( · 2021. 3. 15. · 6 & g2,97e6,d 2,4c

Documents

Transcript of GAH'$& !)A#I( G%&JH )(K#I!$GA$LI( · 2021. 3. 15. · 6 & g2,97e6,d 2,4c