G e n d e r A n a l y s i s , E m p o w e r m e n t a n d H …...6 | G e n d e r A n a l y s i s ,...

1 | G e n d e r A n a l y s i s , E m p o w e r m e n t a n d H u m a n i t a r i a n A c t i o n i n W e s t A f r i c a – W o r k s h o p R e p o r t

Group Photo Copyright Sam Phelps © All rights reserved


ACRONYMS

AGD Age Gender Diversity

CbT Cash-Based Transfer

CO Country Office

ENVAC Enhanced Nutrition and Value Chains

FFW Food for Work

GBV Gender Based Violence

GenCap Gender Standby Capacity Project

GIE Groupe d’Intervention Economique

HKI Helen Keller International

NGOs Non-Governmental Organizations

P4P Purchase for Progress (Local Procurement)

RBD WFP West Africa Regional Bureau

SDG Sustainable Development Goal

SGBV Sexual and Gender Based Violence

UN United Nations

UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees

UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund

USAID United States Agency for International Development

VAM Vulnerability Assessment & Mapping unit

WCARO West & Central African Regional Office

WEIA Women’s Empowerment in agricultural Index

WFP RBD World Food Programme Regional Bureau of Dakar

WFP HQ World Food Programme Headquarters

WVI World Vision International


Aminata Sow from WECARD and Angela Nnoko from UN Women Copyright Sam Phelps © All rights reserved

Note-Taker: Violette Perotte (WFP RBD) Author: Aïcha Awa Ba (WFP RBD – VAM) Editors: Analee Pepper (WFP RBD – VAM), Simon Renk (WFP RBD – VAM), Véronique Sainte-Luce (WFP HQ), Workshop Participants Photo Credit: Sam Phelps © All rights reserved

We would like to thank all the workshop participants for sharing their expertise and providing input for this workshop report. In particular, we would like to thank to OFDA/USAID for its financial support, which made the event possible.

The Vulnerability Analysis and Mapping (VAM) unit is dedicated to food security analysis which is a core function of WFP’s work. It is the basis for the design of all operations (emergency operations, protracted relief and recovery operations as well as country programmes). Prior to the design of operations in any country, WFP undertakes an analysis of the food security situation. Visit us!

WFP RBD and especially the VAM Team gratefully acknowledges the support of all the organizations that supported the underlying research and reports in the service of gender analysis, women empowerment and humanitarian Action in West Africa

© WFP 2016. All rights reserved.

http://vam.wfp.org/


Contents

Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 6

I. Workshop objectives ................................................................................................................... 6

II. Workshop organization and participation ................................................................................... 7

III. Official opening of the workshop................................................................................................. 7

Session 1: Gender analysis and empowerment in humanitarian action ................................................. 8

IV. GenCap: Importance of gender analysis for projects adapted to specific needs ........................ 8

V. UNHCR & UNICEF: Importance of gender and empowerment for humanitarian action .......... 10

VI. GenCap: Gender Analysis and the GBV situation in West Africa ............................................... 11

Session 2: Sharing approaches & identifying constraints in analysis of gender and empowerment ... 13

VII. UNICEF: Gender analysis framework across a child’s lifecycle .................................................. 13

VIII. USAID/IFPRI: Women’s Empowerment in Agricultural Index and indicators of empowerment13

IX. Helen Keller International: Gender analysis in economic empowerment projects ................... 14

X. World Vision: assessing markets through a gender lens in Mali ............................................... 14

XI. WFP RBD: challenges to using remote data collection to assess gender dynamics .................. 15

Session 3: Day 2 – Recap of Day 1, presentation of Day 2 .................................................................... 16

Session 4: Gender analysis in practice—Results from WFP Regional Gender and Markets study ....... 17

Chad, Mali and Niger: Gender roles and empowerment in Sahelian markets ................................. 17

Cameroon: Analysis of women’s empowerment for market-based interventions .......................... 18

Lake Chad: Gender and empowerment elements in the Regional Market Assessment................... 19

Senegal: Analysis of women’s empowerment for market-based interventions ............................... 19

Burkina Faso: Analysis of women’s empowerment for market-based interventions ....................... 20

Ghana: Gender-responsive market analysis for value chain development ...................................... 21

Session 5: Moving Forward—Develop work plans, areas of research and partnerships for strengthening

regional gender analysis capacity .......................................................................................................... 22

Group 1: EMPOWERMENT ................................................................................................................ 23

Group 2: MARKET ASSESSMENTS ...................................................................................................... 23

Group 3: DATA & INDICATORS .......................................................................................................... 23

Session 6: Recommendations and Closing Remarks ............................................................................. 24

Annex ..................................................................................................................................................... 26

Annex I: List of Participants ............................................................................................................... 26

Annex II: Workshop Agenda .............................................................................................................. 27


Annex III: Workshop Concept Note ................................................................................................... 30

Annex IV: Participant Workshop Evaluation ..................................................................................... 32

Annex VI – Work plans developed (both in English and in French) .................................................. 37

Annex VI: Shared Tools and Resources ............................................................................................. 40


Introduction

The RBD VAM team organized the regional workshop ‘Gender Analysis, Women’s Empowerment

and Humanitarian Action’ held in Dakar 14-15 June 2016, as part of the 2015-2016 OFDA USAID-

funded regional pilot initiative, Gender and Markets: Empowering Women in West African Food

Markets. WFP seized the opportunity to share study findings for integrating gender analysis and

women’s empowerment into market and other food security assessments to support gender equitable

humanitarian interventions with a wide range of external participants. This was followed by an open

discussion to engage participants. They were invited to share their experiences developing or working

with gender-responsive data and analysis to inform programmes, and good practices and lessons

learned.

I. Workshop objectives

The overall workshop objective was to bring together diverse actors from the region engaged in gender

analysis to discuss and share good practices, lessons learned and steps forward using the WFP West

Africa Gender and Market study as a starting point. The workshop was an opportunity for all

participants to address gaps and risks, and identify response strategies to strengthen gender analysis

for humanitarian action in West Africa. Specific objectives included:

Provide an opportunity for partners in the region to share and learn from one another.

Exchange and provide feedback on approaches to gender analysis and assessing women’s

empowerment in different value chains or emergency settings.

Collect and integrate participant feedback on WFP pilot study findings into final report for WFP

Gender and Markets initiative.

Document and distribute regional best practices and lessons learned, as well as key studies

and data, from the region through a practical workshop report (to be included in the final

Gender and Markets report).

Create a network of partners engaged in gender analysis in the region to encourage future

information- and data-sharing, and collaboration.


Veronique Sainte-Luce facilitating the discussions Copyright Sam Phelps © All rights reserved

II. Workshop organization and participation

The regional workshop drew

nearly 40 participants from a

wide range of UN agencies,

NGOs and research centers, as

well as regional and national

government entities (see Annex

I for the complete list of

registered participants). The

workshop was facilitated by

Véronique Sainte-Luce,

Programme Advisor in the WFP

HQ Gender Office. Veronique

introduced the event by defining the core values of a participatory workshop: inclusiveness, openness

and transparency. To strengthen the participatory approach, a mechanism for co-management of the

workshop was adopted, where two volunteers were asked to support the facilitator in certain

responsibilities. A relaxed atmosphere and discipline in time management were advocated, as well as

constructive controversy and creativity.

III. Official opening of the workshop

Eric Branckaert, Regional Head of the Vulnerability Assessments and Mapping unit (VAM) at WFP RBD,

opened the workshop with a speech on the importance of going beyond simply mentioning gender in

our programmes and implementing activities, in ways that empower all groups of vulnerable people

on the long term, and by acknowledging gender dynamics, especially dynamics of women, in the

market environment. RBD VAM Gender Specialist, Analee Pepper, followed by introducing the WFP

Gender and Markets initiative as a launching point for the workshop. Analee emphasized the workshop

ACTIVITY: NAMES EXCHANGED

The facilitator opened introductions with an icebreaker activity:

1. Introduce yourself to a participant and record her/his name

2. Introduce yourself to another participant, using the name of the previous

participant you introduced yourself to.

3. Participants continue to introduce themselves with the name of the last

person they met, until the participant introduces her/himself to you using

your real name. Once you get back your real name, you can sit down.

This activity highlights the fact that nobody should be left behind, in line with

what we are trying to achieve when conducting a gender analysis.


as an opportunity to create a network of relevant partners (NGOs, UN, independent consultants,

academic and research institutions, etc.) working on gender issues in humanitarian and development

contexts in the region, to support collaboration and exchange of good practices and lessons learned.

Facilitator Veronique then conducted a short activity to emphasize the fact that when working in a

multicultural environment, an accurate perception of each group of people is essential to facilitate

relations between beneficiaries and workers, and tailor interventions to specific needs.

Session 1: Gender analysis and empowerment in humanitarian action

I. GenCap: Importance of gender analysis for projects adapted to specific needs

Jean-Baptiste Mikulu, interagency Gender Advisor from the GenCap roster based in UN Women

WCARO, presented the importance of gender analysis that builds on analysis of sex and age

disaggregated data to allow for project interventions adapted to specific beneficiary needs. He began

Activity: Synonym Game

Participants were asked to spontaneously shout out words associated with men and women, to bring out stereotypes and perception of gender constructions.

Participants were then invited to explain the importance of understanding gender as a cultural construct, and defining other associated terms.

During the exercise, participants defined gender empowerment as allowing men, women, girls, and boys, to have the same opportunities, rights, and access to success. Because many women do not have access to these opportunities, women’s empowerment is a vehicle to reach gender equality. A participant pointed out that gender empowerment also addresses social pressure put

on men and boys.

ACTIVITY: THE RATTLE BOX EXERCISE

Jean-Baptiste (GenCap) used a game to show that assumptions about a situation because of prejudice can

lead to interventions that are not tailored to specific needs, and risk missing their target.

Step 1: The presenter goes around the room while shaking a box without opening it. He asks participants to

guess what is inside the box based on the sounds they hear, and list responses. Participants provide a very

short list of items.

Step 2: The presenter opens the box, goes round the groups of participants and very quickly shows the

contents of the box. He then asks the participants to list what is inside the box. Participants provide a longer

list of items.

Step 3: The presenter asks a participant to take all the items out of the box. He also asks the participants to

describe very precisely each item and list them. Participants now discover the exhaustive list of items and

are able to record the diversity of items.

The objective of the game is to prove the necessity of investigating and considering all specificities and not

to get satisfied with a quick analysis of the situation based on what is heard or based on stereotypes. There is

a need to do a thorough gender analysis with a triangulation of information from all sources from diverse

gender sensitive groups


by giving the example of looking at children’s attendance at school canteens, where overall figures

could show 100 percent attendance, but sex-disaggregated data would show deep gender inequalities

between boys and girls attendance. He then conducted an activity with the group to emphasize the

necessity of Jean-Baptiste Mikulu, GenCap Adviser, presented the importance of gender analysis to

obtain sex and age disaggregated data that allow for projects to be adapted to specific beneficiary

needs. He began by giving the example of looking at children’s attendance at school canteens, where

overall figures could show 100 percent attendance, but sex-disaggregated data would reveal deep

gender inequalities. He then conducted an activity with the group to emphasize the necessity of

considering gender in an emergency operation.

From the regional VAM team, Regional Markets

Advisor, Simon Renk, and Analee Pepper followed

Jean-Baptiste’s presentation by introducing the

WFP Gender and Markets initiative. The goal of this

initiative is to bridge the gap between gender

analysis and market assessments, and to support

WFP and partners in designing and delivering

market-based interventions with explicit gender

equality and women’s empowerment goals.

Building on standard food security analysis tools,

the team has piloted multiple approaches to going

beyond the typical market assessment to analyze the role gender plays in West African food markets.

Simon and Analee noted that the workshop is a platform to share their team’s study findings on

approaches to integrate gender analysis and women’s empowerment into market assessments and to

engage in discussions with key partners to collect feedback and inputs on study findings. They finished

by explaining that the workshop goal is to assess whether the quantitative approach used for the

gender and markets study could be effectively supplemented by a qualitative approach and if yes, how.

Here using shared experiences from other actors developing or working with gender-responsive data

and analysis will allow find answers to this question.

Partner humanitarian organizations UNHCR, UNICEF and GenCap were invited to present on the

importance of gender analysis and empowerment to their work, highlighting the increased

effectiveness of humanitarian interventions when gender analysis is done, and the risks of missing

the target with intervention that are not appropriately tailored to beneficiary needs.

Gender analysis helps us answer four main questions:

1/What is the situation?

2/Who is affected?

3/How are these people affected?

4/Why are people being affected in this way?


Leya Ouko who presented on UNHCR’s gender strategy Copyright Sam Phelps © All rights reserved

II. UNHCR & UNICEF: Importance of gender and empowerment for humanitarian

action

UNHCR Associate Protection Officer (on sexual and gender-based violence, Leya Amonde Ouko,

introduced the Age Gender Diversity (AGD)

component used in UNHCR programmes to

ensure participation and response to the

needs of every vulnerable groups.

UNHCR’s strategy aims to reduce gender-

based violence (GBV), promote resilience,

and facilitate recuperation. The presenter

explained the five dimensions UNHCR uses to

understand women’s empowerment, and

asked participants to define each.

The UNHCR Age, Gender and

Diversity (AGD) approach adopts a

broad definition of gender which takes into

account age and gender, as well as other

specificities of individuals and groups, and

considers these in the context of sectorial

issues (i.e. water, sanitation, health,

education, etc.)


UNICEF Gender Officer, Paola Babos, shared the UNICEF vision of gender and empowerment, and

understanding that contributing to gender equality has a multiplier intergenerational effect today

and for future generations by building resilience and fostering peaceful societies. Gender disparity

can be found at different stages of the life cycle and has a dramatic impact on young people. Gender

inequality is directly linked to the some of the greatest demographic challenges in the region: child

marriage, early pregnancies, high fertility, high mortality, and negative impacts on girls’ education,

especially secondary education. The UNICEF Gender Action Plan 2014-2017 is focused on gender

empowerment at different levels using mainstreaming, targeted gender priorities, and by addressing

gendered bottlenecks and barriers. Gender is now much bigger on the global stage, and more funds

are available for conducting gender analysis. However, going from gender analysis to actual

implementation that addresses practical and strategic needs remains a challenge.

Participants asked how UNICEF evaluates its own work on gender analysis, to which Paola responded

that performance indicators are included in assessments to identify how well gender is included in

programmes and how well it is evaluated. She ended the presentation by specifying that gender equity

is essential to gender equality, and that getting a picture of the dynamics between drivers of social

trends at smaller scale is a critical part of gender analysis.

III. GenCap: Gender Analysis and the GBV situation in West Africa

GenCap Adviser, Catherine Andela, presented on GBV and gender empowerment. According to

Catherine, GBV in West Africa is a structural issue enshrined into harmful traditional practices, and

GBV analysis, as well as gender analysis, needs to be constantly evolving with the changing contexts.

Human development indicators need to be reviewed each year and organizations should be keeping

track of present data. She also noted that GBV analysis is essential in food distribution, as it can

impact women in refugee camps. Awareness, communication, and understanding are essential to

deal with gender-sensitive interventions and reach broad audiences. Catherine finished by explaining

FIVE DIMENSIONS OF WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT

UNHCR TOOL

ACCESS: Physical or social ability to reach and use resources and opportunities. Example: access to land, food, and water.

AWARENESS: The process of understanding a social context to take the necessary personal and societal actions to change this context. Example: raising awareness on female genital mutilation to change mentalities and bring change.

MOBILISATION: Grouping of resources leading to increased motivation among individuals. Example: a women group on a market will have more power than as individuals.

CONTROL: Decision-making power leading to proper execution of actions. Ensuring that neither head of household is dominant over the other members. Example: management of the household; control over sexual and reproductive health.

INTEGRATION OF GENDER EQUALITY


that taking gender and GBV into account in all emergency programmes requires a change in state of

mind, followed by concrete proposals for interventions. It needs to be both theoretical and practical.

Following the presentations, facilitator Veronique asked participants to describe the importance of

taking gender into account in humanitarian actions and the risks associated with ignoring gender in

needs assessments.

Table: what risks should humanitarian actors expect to be exposed to if they ignore

gender analysis?

Potential Risks Mitigation Strategies

o Lack of information on gender dynamics

o Miscommunication, victimization, and

generalizations of women as a homogenous

group

o Interventions at risk of not responding to each

groups’ needs

o Investigate to have an accurate picture

of the situation

o Conduct in-depth gender analysis

o Ensure findings are communicated to

programmes

o Exclusion of other inequality factors

o Difficulty to tailor projects because of lack of

indicators

o Include other indicators of inequality

beyond sex and age when conducting

assessments and planning interventions

o No action if there is no gender analysis o Ensure internal accountability

o Lack of awareness of existing gender-

responsive initiatives

o

o Stagnating performance in terms of gender-

responsive projects

o Value/communicate existing gender-

responsive initiatives internally and with

partners (i.e. create internal and

external knowledge platforms,

communication hubs, communities of

practice, etc.)

o Create gender-responsive initiatives

such as training sessions and workshops

related to gender were participants can

share good practices

o Development actors disempowering

beneficiaries who most need to be empowered

by conducting a gender-blind analysis and not

allowing beneficiaries to voice their needs

therefore taking the risk to implement

programmes likely to increase their

vulnerability

o Understand current targeting process

o Develop solutions to ensure that those

groups who are disempowered and

empower them to take part in the

process.

Lack of gender information in overall

humanitarian work

o Strengthen partner capacity and involve

them in the gender analysis


o Not considering men in gender analysis can

provoke S/GBV

o Involve men and women and let

vulnerable groups voice their

perceptions

o Risk of losing traceability

o Risk of basing the analysis on too much

specificities

o Risk of not focusing on the right advocacy

o Sufficient internal accountability is

essential

Session 2: Sharing approaches & identifying constraints in analysis of

gender and empowerment

I. UNICEF: Gender analysis framework across a child’s lifecycle

UNICEF Gender Officer, Paola Babos, tackled the gender analysis framework developed by UNICEF

which looks at gender differences in outcomes in education, child marriage, and others to prioritize

results for reduction of inequalities. The framework analyzes what barriers need to be addressed to

decrease these gaps in outcomes and establishes how gender inequalities impact social, economic,

and political systems and norms. The goal is to have a two-pager gender profile to disseminate findings

as a starting point for more in depth analysis at sector level. Benchmarks are being used to analyze

internal accountability and structural mechanism to monitor gender analysis performance. Translating

this analysis into actual change remains the main challenge. After discussions, Paola concluded with

the recommendation to link national gender institutions and governments, and to have operational

tools to manage gender by sector, and to conduct a developmental gender analysis every five years

to provide consistent information for humanitarian response and feed deeper analysis.

II. USAID/IFPRI: Women’s Empowerment in Agricultural Index and indicators of

empowerment

USAID’s experience with empowering women in agriculture is a turning point in the development

indicators of empowerment. Salamata Ly, a USAID agent working on gender for the Sahel team based

in Dakar. For the workshop, she collected the main findings on the Women’s Empowerment in

Agriculture Index (WEAI) and developed a presentation on the tool, which was presented by Analee

(WFP RBD VAM). WEAI is an indicator created in partnership between the International Food Policy

Research Institute (IFPRI) and USAID to empower men and women. The original WEAI analyzes

women’s empowerment in agriculture through five dimensions: women’s role in production; access

to resources; control of salary; leadership and influence; and time allocation. Each dimension is

graded out of 5, but weight can be distributed based on relevance to the context in which the tool is

being applied. There are three versions of the WEAI, the most recent being PRO-WEAI, which is now

in the finalization stages. One of the limitations of WEAI is it mainly focuses on agriculture, and is

therefore less useful for WFP humanitarian interventions. It is nonetheless relevant, however, because

of the flexibility with which it can be adapted to various programmatic contexts (school feeding,

nutrition analyses, labor practices, etc.). Analee presented the WFP RBD VAM team experience

adapting WEAI tools and approaches and testing these adaptations (such as the Women

Empowerment Market Index (WEMI)). Following discussion, Analee concluded that WEAI is most often


used as a baseline tool, with some examples of WEAI being used as a project monitoring tool. Analee

emphasized the possibility to use WEAI tools without developing a complete index, and that it is not

necessary to use WEAI in its entirety, though it may be ideal. Additional information on the WEAI can

be found on the WEAI Resource Centre (see Annex V for details).

III. Helen Keller International: Gender analysis in economic empowerment projects

Helen Kellen International (HKI) Africa was represented by Stella Nordhagen, Regional M&E Adviser.

Stella presented the CHANGE Program (2013-2016), which aims to (i) improve nutrition of women and

children by supporting small scale female farmers; and (ii) improve women’s decision-making power

within their households using ‘Nurturing Connections’1, and a four months series of participatory

exercises to facilitate conversations on gender equality and food security. Among the methods used

by HKI to implement gender analysis, Stella presented on three: qualitative formative research,

participatory action research, and quantitative impact evaluation. Formative research entailed a

longitudinal income analysis three times a year to get

information on men’s and women’s income-earning

activities and assess baseline decision-making trends.

Participatory action research was done through

gender-specific group activities to explore gender-

related themes. Finally, the quantitative impact

evaluation took place in the form of individual

questionnaires with a control group. The selection of

preliminary results presented at the workshop include

a positive impact on 3 out of 5 indices indicating higher

levels of decision-making authority, though not in agricultural activities. Following discussion, Stella

pointed out the importance of taking into account beneficiary expectations in our tools and assessing

the durability of our results on behavior change. She also brought up the need to figure out in which

areas decision-making is an important metric and what level of disaggregation and granularity is

needed in gender analysis.

IV. World Vision: assessing markets through a gender lens in Mali

World Vision International (WVI) Resilience and Livelihoods Advisor, Charles Bakhoum, presented a

market assessment conducted in February 2015 in Mali with consideration women’s participation in

market activities. The assessment looked at food insecurity and vulnerability in targeted regions

(Mopti) to determine the feasibility of cash and vouchers and the availability of resources in markets.

Results showed that seasonality in food production impacts markets in different ways, with lower

prices during harvest seasons and well-supplied areas unable to provide for structurally deficient areas.

The study showed that 87 percent of women had access to markets and 42 percent of beneficiaries

thought both cash and vouchers were possible, but preferred cash. The study recommended targeting

remote villages where market access was a challenge and prioritizing cereals. Charles noted however

that the assessment results showing preference of cash over food could potentially be driven by men,

but due to insufficient gender analysis, this could not be confirmed. According to the participants who

1 Nurturing Connections is an HKI designed project to address gender inequities and decision-making imbalances that contribute to nutrition with a household.

It is important to take into

account beneficiary expectations

when conducting analysis, and

assess the durability of results on

behavior change. — HKI


attended this group discussion, the lack of gender analysis could be justified by the fact that gender

has not been taken into account in the TORs. Gender is a transversal dimension which should be

considered from the very beginning (conception) of the project. Charles concluded his presentation

reiterating that assistance should remain needs-based and not resource-based.

V. WFP RBD: challenges to using remote data collection to assess gender dynamics

RBD VAM Information

Management Specialist,

William Olander, shared his

experience with WFP tools to

collect data remotely via

mobile phones, through three

modes of communication:

Live calls (more practical to

overcome illiteracy issues),

SMS, and IVR (interactive

voice response calls). With

Live calls, respondents are

contacted randomly to avoid

bias and rerouted to an

operator. The WFP remote

data analysis team, mVAM,

often partners with mobile network operators to access to viable phone numbers (recently used, active

phone numbers) and more information on the respondent such as the general location where the

respondent activated their phone. MVAM has allowed WFP to collect high volume of information on

food insecure populations and assess how the situation is evolving over time, in places hard to reach

for access and security reasons (i.e. Ebola-affected areas, Yemen, Syria, Iraq). It also achieves this in a

cheap and flexible way with a quick turnaround time from data collection to publication of results.

However, the approach contains biases to literate and better-off households and it is not suited for

long and complex questionnaires. A main challenge is that respondents are overwhelmingly male,

which puts users at risk of missing out on information, especially in places where women have more

information on food trends in the household. 2 After discussion, William concluded that there is a

need for more research to analyze barriers that result in lower female response rates, and how

participants use their phones. Considering time of day to place calls, involving male participants and

partnering with mobile network operators (to identify and oversample female phone subscribers) are

just a few ideas for how to address the gender imbalance observed in remote data.

Micah Boyer, USF researcher (see below for his presentation) worked in collaboration with William in

order to investigate the gender disparities in responses to mVAM calls in place like Guinea and Sierra

Leone. They found even lower numbers in the Sahel; less than 5% of female respondents had exclusive

access to phone and could both make and receive calls on their own and less than 5% of female

respondents would be the ones to pick up the phone if you called them. Both of the investigators took

2 The WFP RBD VAM team published an article on this identified challenge in 2015, available here: http://mvam.org/2015/11/24/ladies-we-cant-hear-yall-addressing-gender-issues-in-mobile-data-collection-in-west-africa/

Intervention of Mohamed Sylla (FAO) during group discussion Copyright Sam Phelps ©


a deep interest in the diversity of reasons for gender disparity in access and use of cell phones. Some

women in the region do not have the right to use a phone to male or receive a call without their

husband’s permission, otherwise she could invite social critique (accusations of adultery or contact

with the family which could interfere with the husband’s authority). The vast majority just do not know

how to use phones to make calls and are their calls are therefore often mediated by male members of

the family. Micah highlighted the important social and economic functions of those calls, especially in

such poor communities. Without WFP support in terms of agricultural productions, men and women

would both have to spend much of the year in migration (gender-separate migration). Cellphones

therefore become essential tools for maintaining social ties, organizing the transfer of remittances and

negotiating important household decisions. The most important limiting factor for accessing women

in the Sahel is that they live in areas where there are no cell phone reception.

Session 3: Day 2 – Recap of Day 1, presentation of Day 2

On Day 2, the facilitator gave a recap of the previous day, with the help of two workshop volunteers.

The key take away highlighted was the established clear understanding of a multi sectorial approach

to the concept of gender empowerment, provided by the various presentations. Another main point

was the need to ensure wide usage of gender analysis and gender-sensitive information by all sectors,

and not limit this to gender teams and experts. This should contribute to the implementation of

efficient humanitarian and development actions broadly.

ACTIVITY: BALL TOSS GAME

At the end of Day 1, participants were invited to provide their feedback about the first day of the

workshop. For this purpose, the “Ball Toss Game” was proposed.

The “Ball Toss Game” consists of a semi-review and wake-up exercise when covering material that

requires heavy concentration. Everyone stand up and form a circle. The organizer tosses ball to one

of the participant and ask her/him one of the following questions:

1. What was the most important learning concept?

2. What surprised you?

3. What did you dislike?

They then toss the ball to someone and ask one of the three questions and so on. It allowed

participants to express their impression of the first day.


Thaddée Yossa presenting the findings of Cameroon case study Copyright Sam Phelps © All rights reserved

Session 4: Gender analysis in practice—Results from WFP Regional

Gender and Markets study

In order to share preliminary findings and methodological approaches to gender analysis, the WFP

Gender and Markets initiative was share through presentations of the various country and regional

case studies. Each case study responds to a set of common research questions, but the methodological

approach and thematic focus were based on the context of the country or region, both in terms of the

socio-political environment and WFP activities therein. Presentations were conducted by the

responsible researcher, consultant or staff member, and followed by group discussion and Q&A.

I. Chad, Mali and Niger: Gender roles and empowerment in Sahelian markets

Presenter: Micah Boyer, University of South Florida

Micah Boyer, a medical anthropologist and part of the engaged research team from the University of

South Florida, presented a case study looking at gender roles and empowerment through

vulnerability and decision-making in three WFP-assisted markets in Mali, Chad, and Niger. In Mali,

the study looked at the P4P initiative in a relatively stable community suffering from chronic food

insecurity, and showed that the caregiver programme, which accompanies children throughout their

development, positively impacted the life of many mothers. The study in Niger explored the impact

of migration of people on social cohesion in a remote village with few natural resources. Results

showed that WFP’s cash for work and cash transfer significantly reduced the migration of women,

especially when complemented with other WFP programmes such as school canteens, and thus

improved social relations in the community. In Chad, the study looked at targeting and Food for Work

(FFW) in areas with high food insecurity. The study showed that using self-targeting for FFW could be

controversial because vulnerable people couldn’t afford to leave work to get FFW whereas groups

with higher socioeconomic levels could send family members to get FFW as an additional revenue. The

study recommended further exploring the question of either self-targeting or having a uniform

threshold of vulnerability to receive assistance.


Micah concluded by emphasizing the creativity of local populations in finding solutions to social and

economic problems, and the importance of acknowledging and understanding these innovative ideas

when providing assistance. He also cautioned regarding what Simon Renk and he termed “false

freedom” in empowerment: When looking at decision-making power for women, we cannot look at

revenue management as the only indicator of empowerment. Even if indicators show that a woman

has decision-making power over the feeding practices of her children because she manages her own

revenue, her revenue may be so small that in reality, she does not have the capacity to choose.

Therefore, we should not only think in terms of rights, but also in terms of the practical reality of

women such as the workload and the social pressure they must endure when it comes to the role they

have in the household and in the community.

VI. Cameroon: Analysis of women’s empowerment for market-based interventions

Presenter: Thaddée Yossa, WFP Cameroon Expert Consultant

Thaddée Yossa was contracted by RBD to support the WFP Cameroon country office in conducting a

gender analysis of national market assessments and market-based approaches to WFP interventions.

He presented his research on gender analysis in food markets in the north and extreme north of

Cameroon. The study analyzed the role and challenges associated with gender and the limits of WFP

interventions to respond. Results showed that although men and women faced similar problems such

as a lack of capital or access to credit, several challenges were specific to women. These include:

handling maternity leave, no sanitary bathroom options in markets, sociocultural pressure, and

domestic expectations. Food Assistance For Assets, Support to village granaries and food distributions

showed positive results on beneficiaries, but issues were observed in follow up evaluations to assess

behavior change in the long term. Thaddée pointed out difficulties in assessing empowerment, and

the challenge that women interviewedgenerally have a low level of literacy and have never benefited

from technical or vocational training related to their business.

Thaddée recommended providing literacy

interventions for women in markets, to which

workshop participants asked whether women had

specifically requested this service, and if it could be

a potential burden to their already busy work and

domestic life. Thaddée explained that although it

would be time consuming, literacy programmes

which are tailored to women’s daily life

expectations represent a great added value in the

long term.

Presented recommendations from the study

include:

Promotion of joint programmes

Introduction of literacy as a

component in WFP interventions

Development of additional training-

focused programmes to help traders

gain expertise at their job.


Matthieu Tockert presenting on Lake Chad case study Copyright Sam Phelps ©

VII. Lake Chad: Gender and empowerment elements in the Regional Market

Assessment

Presenter: Matthieu Tockert, WFP RBD/ WFP VAM Homepage

VAM Regional Market Analyst, Matthieu Tockert, presented on the Lake Chad Basin Regional Market

Assessment, which assessed the impact of insecurity on markets in 104 markets of the region. As part

of the Gender and Markets initiative, the team adapted survey questions from the WEAI and integrated

them into market questionnaires, which were then used to support the Regional Assessment in Lake

Chad. The Regional Assessment

looked at integrated aspects of

women’s empowerment around

making decisions on strategic

market choices: price fixation,

salary management, time spent

on the job, etc. Results showed

that men were often wholesalers

and women retailers and played

a limited role in supply chains of

cereals, but a larger role for

perishable commodities like

fruits and vegetables. Lack of

own capital and insecurity are

the main constraints for traders. Challenges that arose in the study were misunderstanding questions

on empowerment by local populations, lack of qualitative analysis, and a single approach of decision-

making as the only indicator of empowerment. Following Matthieu’s presentation, participants

inquired about the additional workload that comes with performing a gender analysis in market

assessments, particularly when looking at empowerment. Matthieu explained that although the

workload is quite heavy, it is only because it is not common practice yet, and that gender analysis will

become easier as it is included in all assessments, and questions about empowerment are made

more comprehensive for enumerators and local populations.

VIII. Senegal: Analysis of women’s empowerment for market-based interventions

Presenter: Cheikh Abdoul Khadre Mane, WFP Senegal/Université Cheikh Anta Diop

Cheikh Abdoul Khadre Mane is a doctoral candidate at the University of Cheikh Anta Diop in Dakar,

and supported the WFP Senegal country office in conducting a country case study on assessing

women’s empowerment as an outcome of market-based approaches in programming. Cheikh

presented on the analysis of activities of a women’s Groupe d’Intervention Economique (GIE)

specialized in producing cereals in Senegal. The group’s goal is to include women in markets at the

local and national levels, with a network of shops where products are sold. Cheikh highlighted the

willingness of women to leave individual small scale trades to join larger, group initiatives. Identified

challenges faced by women included: lack of training; ability to scale up their production; and access

to financing. The example of this GIE entitled Xaritu Xaleyi was presented as a success story. As soon

as this cooperative of women received support, they invested the money they earned to buy weighing

http://vam.wfp.org/


Group discussion Copyright Sam Phelps © All rights reserved

machines, in order to monitor the nutritional status of children in the village. According to Cheikh, the

next step is to create a database identifying leaders in these GIEs, and create a virtual market where

women from different sectors and geographical areas can exchange. However, he also raised the

issue of social organization and caste heavily impacting the leadership of the surveyed GIEs.

Specifically, it is often the same women who benefit from the position of leader, while others are

involved to a lesser extent and therefore are not likely to be empowered. Following the presentation,

a participant pointed out the issue of limited technology in rural areas which would make such a virtual

market complicated to achieve. Another participant also asked why women in GIE do not use

microfinance, to which the presenter responded that many women feared high interest rates. Agathe

Telou, a UNWAS agent, suggested that those GIEs should not be limited to women’s cooperatives, but

to all kind of cooperatives.

IX. Burkina Faso: Analysis of women’s empowerment for market-based

interventions

Presenter: Elise Henry, WFP Burkina Faso Expert Consultant

Elise Henry is a sociologist and gender expert supported by the WFP Burkina Faso country office in

conducting a gender analysis of national market assessments conducted by VAM and P4P, and linkages

with market-based approaches to WFP interventions. Elise presented her research and analysis of the

role of women in markets in Burkina Faso and women’s empowerment as an objective of the P4P

initiative. The study analyzed revenue management of women, and noted that women were more

likely to invest their salary than men, who were more likely to spend it. One research challenge Elise

faced was analyzing non-revenue earning activities such as domestic work, which is relevant


information when analyzing time spent on market-related activities. The study also highlighted that

in spite of appearances of control and decision-making in markets, women were often under the

authority of their husbands, family, and community. For example, women have the ability to manage

their land when they are sole owners, but not when ownership is shared with a spouse.

X. Ghana: Gender-responsive market analysis for value chain development

Presenter: Analee Pepper, WFP RBD

Analee Pepper, from RBD VAM, presented a case study on gender-responsive agricultural value chain

development in Ghana. The objective of the case study was to inform the development of a gender

analytical framework to support equitable value chain development that empowerments women.

The WFP Ghana country office is in

the process of launching the

Enhanced Nutrition and Value

Chains (ENVAC) project, following

the completion of the P4P pilot. The

ENVAC was selected as the focus of

the case study to highlight a context

where gender equality is

comparatively high and to broaden

the focus from markets, to

agricultural value chains. The case

study research found the two

greatest challenges for women

participating in agricultural value

chains to be: access to

productive capital due to limited credit; and lack of knowledge and capacity to use productive

agricultural technologies. The study also showed that there are different gender roles and levels of

empowerment at different stages of agricultural value chains: certain groups of women had less

power relative to men, while others were considered to have much more power (i.e. “market queens”

in physical markets who control the supply and pricing of commodities, often due to their participation

in women’s associations and groups, compared to small-scale producers, who may even receive credit

services from “market queens”).

The key output of this study is a context-specific gender analysis framework developed with inputs

from country office colleagues and key partners to inform the ENVAC baseline study to be conducted

end-2016. Partners included government agencies, University of Ghana, national research centers and

international agencies based in Ghana. The preliminary tool developed was shared with all partners,

and is planned to be integrated into government data collection and analysis tools to support their

capacity to integrate gender into market assessments, as well as integrate market aspects into the

gender assessments. The tool will be available in the final report for the Gender and Markets

initiative.

Véronique Sainte-Luce & Analee Pepper Copyright Sam Phelps © All rights reserved


Session 5: Moving Forward—Develop work plans, areas of research and

partnerships for strengthening regional gender analysis capacity

To found the developed work plans in the global framework of the sustainable development goals, the

facilitator listed the 17 SDGs and invited the participants to define in what ways a strong gender

analysis and sex- and age-disaggregated data collection are critical to their achievement. Particular

emphasis was given to achieving SDG 2: Zero Hunger, and SDG 5: Gender, and how we can use SDG

17: Partnerships to do so. The objective of this activity was to raise awareness among participants that

conducting efficient and comprehensive gender analysis and advocating for women’s empowerment

in humanitarian and development action is a good practice that has resounding influence on all SDGs.

For the final workshop exercise, participants were asked to form three groups and establish work plans

to strengthen regional gender analysis capacity according to identified challenges and research

questions of interest, while keeping in mind how identified actions contribute to the achievement of

the SDGs. The working groups were formed according to three thematic areas of interest identified

over the course of the workshop: Data & Indicators; Empowerment; and Market Assessments (See

Annex VI for group work plans).

http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sdgoverview/post-2015-development-agenda/goal-2.html

http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/women-and-the-sdgs/sdg-5-gender-equality




Group 1: EMPOWERMENT

Proposed research questions to further explore assessing and monitoring empowerment

How do we measure empowerment?

What is minimal information/data required to work on empowerment?

Are there situations where empowerment cannot be taken into account?

What is the objective/s of assessing/monitoring empowerment?

Does the question of empowerment concern all intervening parties in humanitarian and development work?

Is it better to have everyone use same tools and indicators, or better to have diversity in our tools depending on sectors? For example, we could have a standard framework with different indicators adapted to various contexts. Regardless of approach, it will be important to define and share across organizations.

How can we best identify target groups, and assess what actual impact/s is possible? How can we ensure that we are looking at empowerment versus Target effective empowerment and not ‘false freedom’.

How can we link participative and qualitative research to create indicators?

Group 2: MARKET ASSESSMENTS

Proposed activities to better integrate gender dimensions into market assessments

Conduct evaluation report on the impact of different types of cash transfer mechanism in markets and communities

Conduct assessment of different strategies integrating gender dimensions

Conduct assessment of households’ practices in emergency situations when markets are inactive (ex : financial debt)

Conduct research on responding to vulnerabilities, integrating a gender dimension

Conduct a longitudinal study on WFP’s beneficiaries

Share good practices (ex : Markets in Ghana)

Group 3: DATA & INDICATORS

Proposed activities to identify gender indicators and strength gender-responsive data quality

Capacity development approach: 1. Conduct gender analysis and develop data collection tools in partnership with other

agencies and departments 2. Identify and integrate gender indicators into all data collection and analysis tools 3. Train humanitarian and development actors to test and use developed tools – use inputs

to inform tool development 4. Adapt tools and field test


Copyright Sam Phelps © All rights reserved

5. Train partners and community members 6. Develop accountability framework to ensure staff/partners/communities apply tools and

standards.

At the end of the session, each group presented their main findings and proposals for next steps

towards developing data and indicators to support humanitarian action, integrating gender into market

assessments and better measuring women’s empowerment to improve interventions. The facilitator

brought the group back to the subject of the SDGs and how activities could be aligned with the wide-

reaching global goals.

Session 6: Recommendations and Closing Remarks

For the final session of the workshop, participants were invited to engage in an activity to share the

key take-away’s from the workshop in terms of what to stop doing, look into, and move forward with.

Participants were then asked to provide their feedback about the workshop in an evaluation

questionnaire to inform the workshop evaluation (see Annex IV for the full workshop evaluation

report).


Simon Renk, from WFP RBD

VAM, wrapped up the final

session by reviewing the key

milestones the group had

achieved over the two days, and

what this event will mean for the

future. The active participation

of over 40 actors contributed to

fruitful discussions with multiple

perspectives and approaches,

and the format of the workshop

encouraged exchange of

experiences, priorities,

challenges and opportunities.

The workshop further

demonstrated the commitment

of governments (evidenced by

the representation of Senegal

Ministry of Commerce). The

workshop also galvanized the

multi-dimensional initiative of

WFP RBD for the mainstreaming

of gender, in line with the

Gender Strategy and the Look

Behind the Fence internal

campaign. Above all, this event opened the doors of regional partnerships: while reuniting actors

coming from various clusters (food security, child protection, research centers, refugees, etc.). This

gathering emphasized the transversal dimension of gender and the common interest for its integration

into humanitarian action. While stimulating further thinking, the workshop also represented the

opportunity to demystify the preconceived ideas and misconceptions around gender, and define

practical actions to put into practice gender-informed programmes and policies.

The WFP RBD VAM team concluded by thanking the group for their contributions and active

participation. The team also gave a special thanks to all the organizations that supported the

underlying research and reports in the service of gender analysis, women empowerment and

humanitarian Action in West Africa, and to OFDA/USAID for its financial support, which made the event

possible. Simon closed the workshop by congratulating participants for their commitment to

strengthen gender analysis capacity in the region, and noted WFP’s commitment to follow up on the

issues discussed during the two-day workshop, including channeling certain recommendations

through the 2016 WFP Regional Gender Strategy for West Africa.

.


Annex

Annex I: List of Participants

ORGANIZATION PARTICIPANT

Canadian Development Organization Celestin Samba

Catholic relief Services Ismaïla Diatta

ECOWAS GDC Awudu Ahmed Gumah

FAO Mohamed Sylla

FEWSNET Amadou Diop

GenCap/UN Women Jean-Baptiste Mikulu

GenCap/UNFPA Catherine Andela

HKI Stella Nordhagen

Ministère du Commerce du Sénégal Suzanne Tissseira

OCHA Fatoumatta Mboge-Ba

OIM Odette Bolly

UN WOMEN Angela Mejane Nnoko

UNFPA Aymar Narodar SOME

UNHCR Leya Amonde Ouko

UNICEF Paola Babos

UNOWAS Agathe Telou Kemealo

USAID Salamata LY

WECARD Aminta Sow

World Vision Charles Bakhoum

WFP CO Burkina Faso (consultant) Elise Henry

WFP CO Cameroon Francis Njile

WFP CO Cameroon (consultant) Thadee Yossa

WFP CO Senegal (consultant) Cheikh Abdoul Khadre Mane

WFP HQ Véronique Sainte-Luce

WFP RBD Eric Branckaert

WFP RBD Simon Renk

WFP RBD Analee Pepper

WFP RBD Anna Horner

WFP RBD Nawal Chahid

WFP RBD Matthieu Tockert

WFP RBD Aicha Awa Ba

WFP RBD Amayel Sow

WFP RBD Violette Perrotte

WFP RBD William Olander

WFP RBD Aboubacar Koisha

WFP RBD Mailin Fauchon


Annex II: Workshop Agenda

Gender Analysis, Empowerment and Humanitarian Action

in West Africa (Agenda)

WFP West Africa Bureau—Regional Workshop

Dakar, Senegal (Hotel Savana)

14-15 June 2016

Day 1 (14 June)

8:30-9:00: Registration

9:00-9:45 Welcome, workshop overview, and participant introductions

Energizer: How well do you know gender analysis?

Workshop Facilitator: Veronique Sainte-Luce (WFP HQ)

9:45-11:00 Gender analysis and empowerment in humanitarian action

Presenters: Jean-Baptiste Mikulu (GenCap) & Simon Renk/Analee Pepper (WFP RBD)

11:00-11:15 Coffee break

11:15-13:00 Why are gender and empowerment important for humanitarian action?

Presentations from partner humanitarian organizations

UNHCR—Presenter: Leya Amonde Ouko, Associate Protection Officer (SGBV)

UNICEF—Presenter: Paola Babos, Gender Officer

GenCap—Presenter: Catherine Andela, GenCap Adviser

13:00-14:00 Lunch Break

14:00-14:45 Activity: Why is gender (and empowerment) important for humanitarian action?

Workshop Facilitator: Veronique Sainte-Luce (WFP HQ)

14:45-17:00: Café Mondial: Sharing approaches, identifying constraints in analysis of gender

and empowerment (Coffee Break: 15:30-15:45)

Presentations on the following themes:

Gender analysis: Gender analysis framework across a child’s lifecycle (UNICEF – Paola BABOS)

Indicators: Using the Women’s Empowerment in Agricultural Index (WEAI) (USAID/IFPRI – Salamata Ly)

Empowerment: Conducting gender analysis to inform economic empowerment projects in the region (Helen Keller International – Stella Nordhagen)

Markets: Assessing Markets through a gender lens in Mali (World Vision – Charles Bakhoum)

Data: Challenges to using remote data collection to assess gender dynamics (WFP RBD – William Olander)

17:00-17:30 Recap & Wrap-up

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Hotel+Jardin+Savana+Dakar/@14.653495,-17.431542,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xc50e08aa87a31db6!8m2!3d14.653495!4d-17.431542


Day 2 (15 June)

9:00-9:30 Recap on Day 1 and presentation of Day 2

Workshop Facilitator: Veronique Sainte-Luce (WFP HQ) & Simon Renk (RBD WFP) + 2 volunteer

participants

9:30-11:00 Gender analysis in practice – Results from the WFP Gender and Markets study

Presentations on case studies conducted for WFP RBD Gender + Markets study; 2 minute presentation

of each case study and participants select which one they want to attend to:

Presentation 1: University of South Florida researcher presents studies in the Sahel region, looking at

gender roles and empowerment in markets in Chad, Mali and Niger.

Presenter: Micah BOYER (University of South Florida)

Presentation 2: Analysis of women’s empowerment for market-based interventions in Cameroon

Presenter: Thadee Yossa (WFP Cameroon/ Consultant)

Presentation 3: Gender and empowerment elements in the Lake Chad Regional Market Assessment,

Presenter: Matthieu Tockert (WFP RBD)

11:00-11:15 Coffee Break

11:15-11:30 Group photo

11:30-12:45 Gender analysis in practice – Results from the WFP Gender and Markets study

(continued)

Presentation 4: Analysis of women’s empowerment for market-based interventions in Senegal

Presenter: Cheikh Abdoul Khadre Mane (WFP Senegal/Université Cheikh Anta Diop)

Presentation 5: Analysis of women’s empowerment for market-based interventions in Burkina Faso

Presenter: Elise Henry (WFP Burkina Faso/Consultant)

Presentation 6: Developed approaches and tools for conducting gender-responsive market analysis for

local procurement programming and value chain development in Ghana.

Presenter: Analee Pepper (WFP RBD)

12:45-13:45 Lunch Break

13:45-15:45 Moving forward – Developing work plans, areas of research and partnerships for

strengthening regional gender analysis capacity

Working group activity to development partner-driven priority actions to move forward identified areas

of interest within the framework of strengthening regional gender analysis capacity.


15:45-16:00 Coffee break

16:00-17:00 Recap on developed and proposed steps forward (including tools, research

interests, lessons learned, and good practices) and group discussion on steps forward

Facilitator: Simon Renk (WFP RBD) + 2 volunteer participants

17:00-17:15 Closing


Annex III: Workshop Concept Note

Regional Workshop: Gender Analysis, Empowerment, and

Humanitarian Action in West Africa (Concept Note)

WFP West Africa Regional Bureau – Regional Workshop

Dakar, Senegal (Hotel Savana)

14-15 June 2016

In 2015, WFP RBD VAM launched the Gender and Markets: Empowering Women in West African Food

Markets, with financial support from USAID, to strengthen links between gender analysis and market

assessments and support WFP and partners in designing and delivering market-based interventions with

explicit gender equality and women’s empowerment goals.

As part of this pilot study, the WFP RBD VAM team is hosting a two-day Regional Workshop in Dakar,

Senegal, in mid-June 2016, to share study findings and discuss steps forward. Using the WFP pilot study

as a starting point, this event also serves as an opportunity to bring together diverse actors from across

the region engaged in gender analysis, to discuss good practices, lessons learned, and next steps.

Strong gender analysis and sex- and age-disaggregated data collection are critical to the achievement of

SDG 5: Gender equality and empowerment of all women and girls, and it is together as a region that we

have the capacity to ensure the quality and accessibility of these tools. The WFP team will share study

findings for integrating gender analysis and women’s empowerment into market and other food security

assessments to support gender equitable humanitarian interventions, followed by an open discussion to

engage participants and collect inputs. Participants will then be invited to share their experiences

developing or working with gender-responsive data and analysis to inform programmes, and good

practices and lessons learned. The Workshop will conclude with participatory development of next steps

in improving quality and access to gender-responsive data and information on women’s empowerment

in West Africa to inform humanitarian interventions.

Objectives

The main objective of the Regional Workshop is to share and document experiences and best practices

in West Africa conducting gender analysis and implementing findings to support gender-equitable

humanitarian/development interventions (e.g. market based interventions). This includes exchange on

testing and working with strategies to monitor and assess women’s empowerment in different

environments/settings (e.g. markets, urban areas, refugees settlements). Sub-objectives include:

Provide an opportunity for partners in the region to share and learn from one another.

Exchange and provide feedback on approaches to gender analysis and assessing women’s

empowerment in different value chains or emergency settings.

Collect and integrate participant feedback on WFP pilot study findings into final report.

Document and distribute regional best practices and lessons learned, as well as key studies and

data, from the region through a practical workshop report (to be included in the final Gender

and Markets pilot study report).

https://www.google.com/maps/place/Hotel+Jardin+Savana+Dakar/@14.653495,-17.431542,15z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x0:0xc50e08aa87a31db6!8m2!3d14.653495!4d-17.431542

http://www.unwomen.org/en/news/in-focus/women-and-the-sdgs/sdg-5-gender-equality


Create a network of partners engaged in gender analysis in the region to encourage future

information- and data-sharing and collaboration.

Participants

The Workshop will bring together partners engaged in improving data collection and analysis for the

purpose of promoting gender equity and women’s empowerment, through strengthened market-based

and food security programme capacity in West Africa.

Invitees include local and international non-governmental organizations, UN agencies, government

institutions, regional and international academic institutes and research centers, as well as colleagues,

and gender and market experts from across the region.


Annex IV: Participant Workshop Evaluation

One of the central objectives of the Gender Analysis, Women’s Empowerment and Humanitarian

Action regional workshop was to provide a valuable opportunity for partners from different sectors to

exchange, challenge and learn from one another on the topic of gender analysis and women’s

empowerment. It was also an opportunity for the WFP team to share findings from the Gender and

Markets initiative, and consult with partners on the viability of results and effectiveness of proposed

resources to be developed.

To assess the success of the workshop, both in achieving these objectives, and in meeting individual

expectations of partners and colleagues, an evaluation questionnaire was distributed to participants

during the final workshop session. Participants were asked to respond to questions categorized in five

workshop dimensions, namely: content; design; facilitation; results; and delivery. Participants were

also asked to share their thoughts on the most and least valuable aspects of the workshop, and what

improvements they would recommend. Overwhelming, participant responses reflect the successful

achievement of the workshop objectives and effective coordination throughout.

Methodology

To inform the workshop report, a questionnaire was distributed to all present participants during the

final workshop session. The questionnaire was administered in English, to a total number of 20

participants.3 It consists of 17 brief, structured questions on various aspects of the workshop related

to the five key dimensions (see page 40 for the complete questionnaire). The majority of questions

asked participants to rate various aspects of the workshop from 1 to 5, with scores corresponding to:

1) Strongly Disagree; 2) Disagree; 3) Neither Agree nor Disagree; 4) Agree; 5) Strongly Agree; N/A=Non

Applicable. For those who did not reply, N/R, for ‘No Reply’, was recorded.

Concerning anonymity, participants were given the option to identify themselves in the questionnaires

by providing their name, job title and/or the number of years worked in their present positions, or to

leave these spaces blank.

FINDINGS

Workshop Content (Dimension 1)

The respondents were particularly positive about the relevance of workshop content to their

work, where 95% of participants agreed or strongly agreed (65% strongly agreed) that the content

of the workshop was relevant to their jobs. No one disagreed. This is very positive feedback in

terms of the organizing team’s success in tailoring material to the particular contexts of the

participants. However, this is also to be expected considering that most participants are

knowledgeable in gender analysis and programming and, with some exceptions, the majority

were selected based on their professional gender-related role and/or responsibilities. It has been

taken into consideration that there may be comparatively larger gender analysis capacity needs

among actors from assessment and research institutes and agencies not necessarily engaged in

gender-related activities or roles, and this may be an area for improved targeting in the future.

3 Of the approximately 40 total participants, some were not present during the final session, and therefore did not complete the questionnaire.


Workshop Design (Dimension 2)

According to the majority of respondents, the workshop objectives were clear, and promoted

participants’ learning. Significantly less reported that the activities included allowed for sufficient

practice and feedback, however, with more than half undecided on this point. About half agreed felt

the difficulty level was appropriate, as was the pace.

Workshop Facilitation (Dimension 3)

Participants were asked to provide feedback on how the workshop was facilitated. During the opening

of the workshop, the facilitator defined her role as having two core responsibilities: to provoke

participants to intervene; and push them to think outside their comfort zone. According to the

participant responses, the facilitator performance scores are excellent.

18 participants (90%) agreed or strongly agreed that “the instructor was well prepared”. The

facilitator planned and developed her approach well in advance to ensure her facilitation was as

effective as possible.

15 participants (75%) agreed or strongly agreed “the instructor was helpful”. None of the

participants disagreed.

Workshop Results (Dimension 4)

Questions on the workshop results were aimed to evaluate the general effectiveness of the workshop

for participants and its utility in the long-term. The majority of respondents were positive about the

workshop results, where 65% felt they had accomplished the workshop objectives and 80% agreed

they would be able to use the lessons learned over the two days in their work.

65% of the participants agreed or strongly agreed they accomplished the objectives of the

workshop. The objectives were given before the beginning of the workshop and during the first

day. However, 25% (2 participants) neither agreed nor disagreed with this response and 1

participant disagreed. Thus, there may nonetheless be space for improvements to be suggested.

122

3

8

6 6

13

9

78

9

4

7

4

1

4

1 1 12

1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

The workshopobjectives were clear to

me

The workshopobjectives stimulated

my learning

The activities in thisworkshop gave me

sufficient practice andfeedback

The difficulty level ofthis workshop was

appropriate

The pace of this wasappropriate

# o

f p

arti

cip

ants

WORKSHOP DESIGN

1 (Strongly Disagree) 2 (Disagree) 3 (Neither agree or disagree)

4 (Agree) 5 (Strongly agree) N/A (Not applicable)


The vast majority of participants (80%) felt they would be able to use what they learned in the

workshop. However, 2 participants disagreed with the usefulness of the learning content

provided during the workshop. Recommendations given below will contribute to this area of

improvement

Self-paced delivery (Dimension 5)

Participants were asked to evaluate the pace in which the workshop was delivered. According to

results, the majority were pleased with the workshop pace and found the experience a good way of

learning about gender analysis and women’s empowerment in humanitarian action.

17 participants out of 20 agreed or strongly agreed with the response “the workshop was a good

way for me to learn this content”. Two participants neither agreed nor disagreed and 1 participant

did not reply. The overall satisfaction of the participants suggests the participatory and practical

approach of the workshop was a good practice.

Recommendations and general feedback

Finally, participants were invited to communicate their overall impressions and ideas regarding areas

for improvement, what they found most valuable and less helpful, and to provide any

recommendations to the coordinating team.

To identify areas for improvement, participants were provided a list of multiple choice responses and

invited to check all the areas they believed would improve the workshop. The three main areas

identified were:

“Make workshop activities more stimulating" (9 participants out of 20)

“Provide better information before the workshop” (8 participants out of 20)

“Improve the instructional methods” (5 participants out of 20)

210%

310%

450%

530%

I will be able to use what I learn in this workshop

0

2

4

6

8

10

2

10

7

1

# o

f P

arti

cip

ants

The workshop was a good way for me to learn this content

1 (Strongly Disagree) 2 (Disagree) 3 (Neither agree or disagree)

4 (Agree) 5 (Strongly agree) N/A (Not applicable)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Provide better information in advance

Reduce the content covered

Increase the content covered

Update the content covered

Improve the instructutional methods

Make workshop activities more stimulating

Improve workshop organization

Slow down workshop pace

Speed up workshop pace

# of Participants

How could you improve this workshop?


Participants were then asked to share what they found most valuable, least valuable and to

recommend improvements. In the table below are the main comments and feedback provided by

participants:

Participants’ Recommendations

Recommended improvements Least valuable aspects of

workshop

Most valuable aspect of workshop

More time for presentations (at least 15 minutes)

More time for discussion (20 minutes) and active plenary discussions

Organize a longer workshop (3-5 days)

Cover more in-depth topics; less content and more depth

Diversify the facilitation technique

More presentations on Gender & Market Study

More presentation on WFP remote data collection (mVAM)

Fewer technical topics

General presentations on gender

Working groups on day 2 not enough prepared and not relevant

Overused of the World Café to present

Too much content and short time to go in-depth

Collaborative sharing

Strong learning process

Defining empowerment

Wide range of partners

Extremely positive role of facilitator

Strong articulation of concepts

Sharing of case studies

Serious and clear workshop

Very good time-keeping and management/organization

Innovative approaches such as the World Café

Content

Participatory approach

Combination of gender approach and market analysis

Very good initiatives of WFP in terms of gender mainstreaming over the past 5 years

It is clear from this table that many more aspects were identified by participants as valuable, than

those identified as not valuable. It is also apparent the diversity of partners present and their interests,

as for example some identified as valuable the in-depth look at concepts such as empowerment, while

others felt general sessions on gender were not helpful, and where some felt the World Café approach

was very valuable, others commented that it was over-used. It is also interesting to note the wide

interest among participants in practical examples and research. Several participants identified the

sharing of WFP’s work and experiences as valuable and recommended expanding these presentations

and providing more detail into WFP’s related activities and approaches. Overall, the majority of

recommended improvements involve expanding upon what was done, which should reflect the

successful impact of building partner interest and encouraging further engagement in the future on

the development of gender analysis and women’s empowerment for humanitarian action.

CONCLUSION

On the basis of the responses from the questionnaires, the workshop was well received by participants,

particularly in terms of the workshop content and design. Participants were somewhat less

enthusiastic regarding the organization of certain sessions and the limited time accorded to

presentations and discussions. There were also concerns expressed by a number of participants about.


Notwithstanding concerns mentioned above, the evaluation of the Gender Analysis, Women’s

Empowerment and Humanitarian Action Regional delivered a well-planned, well-executed and high

quality meeting.


Annex VI – Work plans developed (both in English and in French)

A. EMPOWERMENT

Moving Forward—Develop work plans, areas of research and partnerships for strengthening regional

gender analysis capacity

Research questions ACTIVITIES PARTNERS

What are minimal information needed to

work on empowerment?

Is there situations in emergency where

empowerment cannot be taken into

account (i.e. emergencies)?

What is the objective of empowerment?

Does the question of empowerment concern

all intervening parties in humanitarian and

development work?

How do we measure empowerment? Is it

better to have everyone use same tools and

indicators or better to have diversity in our

tools depending on sectors? Could have

standard framework but different indicators

adapting on contexts. Important to define

and share with other organizations.

Figure out what is our target group, and

figure out what actual impact we can have.

Target effective empowerment and not

false freedom.

How to link participative and qualitative

research to creating indicators?

Elaborate a standard framework to help

define empowerment in different contexts

and tools used in each gender analysis

Mapping of research tools, actors, and data

available geographically and by sector

assessing what is being done in different

contexts and share experiences, lessons

learned and good practices to contribute to

the analytical standard framework.

Analysis of humanitarian response to

review the presence of empowerment in

the response: good practices, lessons

learned, challenges, and most importantly

definition of the term empowerment to

ensure all actors are on the same page

regarding the way they use the tools

towards their definition of empowerment.

WEIA/FPA/USAID/

WFP

/ONUFEMMES/HCR /

Research institutes

(e.g. IFPRI, ICRW) /

universities/local

Governments/Civil

society (e.g. HKI)


B. Markets



OBJECTIFS ACTIVITIES PARTNERS INDICATOR MEANS OF

VERIFICATION

Réduire les effets pervers des programmes comme le Cash dans le marché

Maximiser les biens faits

Intégrer les acteurs (producteurs) comme partenaires dans les marchés

Rapport d’évaluation de

l’impact des différents types et

mécanismes de transfert

d’argent (modalités

d’assistance) dans les marchés

et communauté

Faire un bilan des différentes

stratégies en intégrant la

dimension genre

Faire une évaluation des

pratiques aux ménages en

situation d’urgence lorsque les

marchés ne sont plus actifs

(exemple sur l’endettement)

Mener une recherche sur la

déconstruction de la

vulnérabilité en intégrant la

dimension genre

Mener une étude longitudinale

sur les bénéficiaires des

programmes de PAM

Partager les bonnes pratiques

comme les marchés au Ghana

Partenariats

existants : NU,

Gouvernement,

ONG nationales et

internationales,

collectivités locales,

le secteur privé

Les secteurs privés

Partenariat avec les

universités, les

centres de

recherche, les

sociétés civiles,

WARC, Opérateurs

de transfert d’argent,

Radios

communautaires, les

bénéficiaires

Omega Value Rapport

d’évaluation


C. INDICATORS



OBJECTIVES ACTIVITIES BESOINS PARTNERS ASSUMPTIONS

/RISKS

Veiller à ce que les

outils de collecte

prennent en

charge l’aspect

genre (donnes

désagrèges)

S’assurer que les

données

(informatiques)

collectés sont

judicieusement

analyses par

ressortir l’aspect

genre

Revue genre des outils de

collecte et des outils

d’analyse avec des autres

équipes/départements Et

avec des partenaires

Identifier et intégrer des

indicateurs « genres » tous

les outils de collecte et

d’analyse

Former des gens pour

utiliser et tester des outils

réadaptés

Réadapter des outils et

faire un teste des outils sur

le terraine

Formations pour la

communauté de

praticiennes sur le terrain

sur les outils réadaptés

finaux

Développer un cadre de

comptabilité pour les

évaluations et dans les

performances des

collègues

Budget

Ressource

humaines

additionnels

(consultant,

formateur/

facilitateur)

Buy-in au niveau de

senior management

Formal

implementation by

senior management

of accountability

frameworks

Participation active

des partenaires et

des

collègues/autres

départements

FEG consulting

(pour la

formation)

Agences

Onusiennes,

ONG,

Gouvernements,

bénéficiaires

L’institution

donne

l’importance à

genre et à

l’analyse genre

Assez de

budget


Annex VI: Shared Tools and Resources

Inter-Agency Standing Commitee (IASC)

E-leaning Different Needs – Equal Opportunities

http://www.iasc-elearning.org/

UN Women training course

E-learning I Know Gender

https://trainingcentre.unwomen.org/?lang=fr

UNHCR Age, Gender and Diversity tool

Handbook

https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/51771/age-gender-and-diversity-agd

Women’s Empowerment in Agriculture (WEIA)

Resource Centre

https://www.ifpri.org/topic/weai-resource-center

WFP VAM

Technical note for conducting/designing gender analysis in market

assessment

https://resources.vam.wfp.org/

IOM/UN Women

Gender in Migration Setting

http://www.iom.int/gender-and-migration

UNCDF

Women on the move

http://shift.uncdf.org/women-on-the-move

FAO

Knowledge management and gender programme

http://www.fao.org:/knowledge/km-gender

http://www.iasc-elearning.org/

https://trainingcentre.unwomen.org/?lang=fr

https://emergency.unhcr.org/entry/51771/age-gender-and-diversity-agd

https://www.ifpri.org/topic/weai-resource-center

https://resources.vam.wfp.org/

http://www.iom.int/gender-and-migration

http://shift.uncdf.org/women-on-the-move

http://www.fao.org/knowledge/km-gender

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