Fuel cell electric buses across North-East Europe, Riga activities

BSR Hydrogen Network ConferenceRiga

7th December 2017

EU regional clusters for Fuel Cell Electric Buses Joint Procurement activities

Germany –51 FC buses

UK – 56 FC buses

Italy – 15 FC buses

Latvia – 10 FC buses

Denmark – 10 FC buses

Objectiveso Deploy 142 FC buses

across nine citieso Achieve 30% cost

reduction versus state of the art

o Operate 50% of the vehicles for at least 36 months

o Deploy the largest capacity HRS in Europe

o Achieve near 100% reliability of HRS

o Demonstrate technological readiness of FC buses and HRS

o Encourage further uptake

A A A A AA A A

ACurrent FC buses

Future FC buses (other projects)

Future FC buses (Project JIVE)

Articulated bus (Project JIVE)A

JIVE will be a six year project, that started on the 25th of January 2017

Fuel cell buses in cities participating in JIVE

JIVE: Joint Initiative for hydrogen Vehicles across Europe

UKCluster

(88FCbuses)

BeneluxCluster(50FCbuses)

FranceCluster(15FCbuses)

Northern /EasternEuropeCluster(50FCbuses)

Germany/ItalyCluster

(88FCbuses)

0

50

100

5050

N./E.EuropeGermany/Italy

88

France

15

Benelux UK

88

JIVE2JIVENo

.of

FCbuses

Total=291newFCbusesforEurope

ObjectivesDeploy152FCbuses across14citiesAchieveamaximumpriceof€625kforastandardfuelcellbusOperatebusesforatleastthreeyears/150,000kmValidatelargescalefleetsinoperationEnablenewentrantstotrialthetechnologyDemonstrateroutestolowcostrenewableH2

Stimulatefurtherlargescaleuptake

JIVE 2: Joint Initiative for hydrogen Vehicles across Europe Phase 2

✕ Riga (Latvia);✕ Gavleborg (Sweden);✕ Oslo (Norway)✕ Herning (Denmark)✕ Reykjavik (Iceland);✕ Vejle (Denmark);✕ Kolding (Denmark);

✕ Landskrona (Sweden)✕ Copenhagen(Denmark)✕ Trondheim (Norway);✕ Tallinn (Estonia);✕ Parnu (Estonia)✕ Warsaw (Poland)✕ Gdynia (Poland);✕ Poznan (Poland);✕ Liepāja (Latvia);✕ Helsinki (Finland);

Northern Europe cluster cities

• Study "Use of hydrogen technologies in Riga public transport,environmental and economic aspects”;

• Study “Commercialisation Strategy for Fuel Cell Electric Buses inEurope”. Funded by FCH JU;

• HIT 2 – Corridors Hydrogen Infrastructure for Transport. As par of thisproject HRS where deployed in Gothenburg, Stockholm and Voikoski(Finland). HRS implementation plans for Finland, Riga region, Polandand Belgium were developed. Study: Hydrogen as transport fuelrefueling infrastructure implementation in Riga and Riga region. Co-financed by TEN-T;

• “NewBusFuel” - Engineering studies for hydrogen refueling infrastructuredevelopment for large scale bus depots. Funded by FCH JU;

Riga chronology

GA CEF TRANSPORT No: INEA/CEF/TRAN/M2014/1025986Action No.: 2014-EU-TM-0643-SH2Nodes – evolution of a European hydrogen refueling station network by mobilizing thelocal demand and value chains.

o H2Nodes Action looks into planning and realizing a chain of HRS and boostingimplementation of FCEV along the North Sea - Baltic TEN-T core network corridor;

o The focus is on market sided innovation by real-life deployment with local studiesand processes to boost market introduction;

o RM LLC “Rigas Satiksme” pilot of the innovative concept HyTrolleys where twoalternative fuels electricity and hydrogen are combined to allow the benefit from theadvantages of both technologies and provide greater flexibility in the urban transportsystem - less noise, zero emissions and better energy efficiency

“H2 Nodes”

Riga city public transport routes

Riga city, bus and trolleybus routes

40. autobusa  maršruta  shēmaJugla3 - Ziepniekkalns

Jugla-3

Ziepniekkalns

Brīvības

 gatve

Brīvīb

as  iela

Merķeļa  iela

Raiņa  bulvāris

Salu til

ts

Silciema iela

Murjāņu  iela

K. Ulmaņa  gatv

e

Vaiņod

es  iela

Tadaiķu  iela

Gogoļa  iela

Lāčplēša  iela

Valdeķ

u  iela

Ozolciema iela

F12 01/2005-01-03

bus route nr.40: Jugla3 - Ziepniekkalns

By evaluating existing routes of diesel buses, for replacement possibilities bytrolleybus with spare traction power provided by diesel generator or hydrogenfuel cell, it was concluded that it is feasible. In the calculation were comparedspare traction power providing diesel generators and hydrogen fuel cell FCvelocity HD7 operating expenses.Potential savings:Bus / Trolleybuss with diesel genset - 25 %Bus / Trolleybuss with FC - 27 - 35%*

* Significant impact on results have hydrogen source and production solution.

Bus routes replacement

33

� The hydrogen fuel cell bus performs equally well as conventional buses and hybrids on all evaluation criteria, with the added facility to drive with zero local emissions continuously for longer distances.

� The trolley bus offers similar performance as conventional buses on acceleration and range; zero-emission driving is virtually unlimited as long as it is connected to its overhead network.

� E-buses also perform well on acceleration and zero local-emission driving range. Opportunity e-buses require charging at the start and end of the line and/or at certain stops. Until 2020, the overnight e-bus requires a longer stop to recharge, which could impact daily operations.

� Conventional, hybrid and hydrogen fuel cell buses can easily change routes, require few intervals and short times for refuelling/recharging – resulting in high flexibility.

� By design, the trolley is bound to the overhead network and does not incorporate refuelling or recharging time in normal operation (except where an APU is used to achieve flexibility).

� The opportunity e-bus has short recharging times, but requires frequent connection to the charging network, whereas the overnight e-bus is flexible during operation, but requires long charging times.

Exhibit 18: An evaluation of driving performance for individual powertrains

SOURCE: Study analysis

1 Typical values shown here – pure electric range of hybrid powertrains varies depending on concept of auxiliary units and battery capacity 2 Based on a 60 kWh battery and a consumption (incl. losses from charging) of 2 kWh/km

Similar performance Differentiated performance

Range in pure-electric mode, km (logarithmic scale)

Acceleration, time to accelerate to 30 km/h, sec

Range, km

Refuelling time, logarithmic scale

0 50 100 150 200 250 >300

30 min1 hr5 hr10 hr 5 min 1 min10 min2 hr

0 3 10 30 100 >300

5.07.512.5 10.0

DP SCO THV

Diesel parallel hybridPDiesel serial hybrid S

DieselDCNGC Trolley T

Hydrogen fuel cellH Opportunity e-busOOvernight e-busV

Passenger capacity

Curb weight(12-m bus)Lowest:Diesel (11.6 t)Highest: Overnight e-bus (13.5 t) D P SCTHVO

D P1

S1C THV

D P SC O THV

O2

ƒ Only hydrogen fuel cell and trolley can drive with zero emissions at almost no range limitation

ƒ E-buses limited in operational range –long charging times for overnight

ƒ Diesel hybrids, serial in particular, capable of zero emission driving on certain stretches of the route with same operational condi-tions as conven-tional powertrain; serial

203012-M BUS

Exhibit 18AN EVALUATION OF DRIVING PERFORMANCE FOR INDIVIDUAL POWERTRAINS

Source:FCHJUstudy“Urbanbuses, alternativepowertrainsforEurope”

Comparison of different powertrains

Technical solution

Bus and trolleybus depots

Operating126trolleybuses.Totalareaofdepo 56693m2,dieselstorageforrefueling 9800L

Operating256dieselbuses,totalareaofdepo 47547m2 andadditionalis~32000m2,dieselstorageforrefueling 250000L

Operating142dieselbuses,totalareaofdepo 80170m2,dieselstorageforrefueling 250000L

Operating123trolleybuses(67equippedwithdieselAPU).Totalareaofdepo 56693m2,dieselstorageforrefueling 9000L

Bus and trolleybus depots

Dispositionof the HRSnext to RigaMunicipal LLC“Rigassatiksme”2ndtrolleybus park inJelgavas street 37

Maincharacteristics:- H2productioncapacity

300kg/day- 350barand700bar

dispensers- H2storage600kg

Hydrogen Refueling Station

o Traction power for public transport most efficiently can be providedwith electric motor;

o Security of energy supply and energy efficiency of publictransport and urban infrastructure can be provided throughintroduction of alternative fuels and energy resources diversity byuniversal energy carriers - electricity and hydrogen;

o The greatest benefits for air quality and environment byimplementing alternative fuels and zero emission vehicles can beachieved in urban areas;

Findings

o “H2 Nodes” - HRS and 10 FC range extended trolleybuses;

o “JIVE” – 10 FCE buses;

o EIB loan – 75 M EUR for construction of hydrogen refueling,production and storage facility, purchase of 10 hydrogen fuelcell (HFC) buses and 10 Hytrolleys with HFC rangeextenders. Purchase of 20 new low-floor tram units tooperate in the city of Riga, and modernisation of tramwayinfrastructure and depot.

Riga summary

• Development of the common technical specification for 12m and 18mFCE-buses;

• ”joint procurement” legal background;

• Established evaluation criteria together with BSR Hydrogen Networkpartners;

• Initiation of new FCE-bus demonstration projects.

Next steps

Thank You for attention!

Aivars StarikovsChairman of the boardLatvian Hydrogen associationEmail: aivars@h2lv.eu