FOOD Metaphors in Taiwan Mandarin

ch5. Food-related expressions: Something Unique about Chinese

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授課老師：蘇以文I-wen Su

Food metaphors in Taiwan MandarinAppearances of foodQualities of foodTastes of foodTypes of cooking Ways of eatingConcepts of foodFood-related puns

Appearances of Food

Food Modifying Body Parts: Face瓜子臉 (gua1zi5 lian3) 　

大餅臉 (da4-bing3 lian3) Flickr Robert Bejil Photography

Flickr Prince Roy

Flickr Tobyotter

Body partsMouth: 櫻桃小嘴 (ying1tao2 xiao3-zui3)

Nose: 蒜頭鼻 (suan4tou2 bi2)

Flickr annikaleigh

Body Parts

Hair Style: 米粉頭　　 (mi3fen3 tou2)

Belly: 鮪魚肚 (wei3yu2 du4)

Leg: 蘿蔔腿 (luo2bo1 tui3)

Flickr Micah SittigFlickr avlxyz

Flickr opalandtheidiot

Flickr Bryan Gosline

Food as Body PartsHair Style: 清湯掛麵 (qing1tang1-gua4-mian4)Body Shape:

瘦排骨 (shou4 pai2gu3)

　

矮冬瓜 (ai3 dong1gua1)

Flickr ru_kazu

Flickr Man Him Flickr 竹筍弟弟

Food as ObjectsCrumpled Clothes:

　　　　 鹹菜乾 (xian2cai4 gan1)

Unknown Objects ：　　　 碗膏 ( 碗糕 ) (wangao) 　

Flickr Slave2TehTink

Flickr dandandanRyan

Flickr yiningwang

Food shape as AppearanceDressing: 包肉粽 (bao1 rou4zong4)

Flickr illustir

Flickr 面面

Food for ColorsGreen:

　　　　 蔥綠 (cong1-lu4)

　　　　 蘋果綠 (ping2guo3-lu4)Red:

酒紅 (jiu3-hong2)

　　　　 棗紅 (zao3-hong2)Yellow:

　　　　 橙黃 (cheng2-huang2)

Flickr * 嘟嘟嘟 *

Flickr FotoosVanRobin

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Food for Colors栗子色 (li4zi5 se4)

茶色 (cha2 se4)

咖啡色 (ka1fei1 se4)

Flickr martinkim

Flickr avlxyz

Flickr tonx

Qualities of Foods

New expression for the youngsters nowadays草莓族 (cao3mei2-zu2)

Flickr marfis75

Food names for one’s disposition油條 (you2tiao2)

刀子嘴、豆腐心 (dao1zi5 zui3, dou4fu3 xin1)

Flickr yiningwang

Flickr sobriquet.net

Flickr The Grumpess

Tastes of food

Sour ( 酸 suan1)Disposition/Attitude:

　　　 寒酸 (han2suan1)

　　　 窮酸 (qiong2suan1)

Emotion:

　　　 心酸 (xin1suan1)

　　　 鼻酸 (bi2suan1)

Sweet ( 甜 tian2)Disposition/Appearance:

　　　 甜美 (tian2mei3)

　　　 甜姐兒 (tian2jie3er2)

Bitter ( 苦 ku3)Facial Expression:

　　　 愁眉苦臉 (chou2-mei2-ku3-lian3)

Environment/Situation:

苦日子 (ku3 ri4zi5)

　　　 困苦 (kun4ku3)

Emotion:

　　　 痛苦 (tong4ku3)Flickr SanFranAnnie

Spicy ( 辣 la4)Visual Excitement:

　　　 辣妹 (la4-mei4)

Personality/Behavior:

　　　 潑辣 (po1la4)

　　　 麻辣 (ma2la4)

　　　 心狠手辣 (xin1-hen3-shou3-la4)Flickr Toujia Elementary School 頭家國小

Flickr kywk

Salty ( 鹹 xian2)Almost limited to the description of taste

Personality:

　　　 鹹 (kiam) (in Southern Min) “stingy”

Types of Cooking

Cooking verbs

煎熬 (jian1ao2) 、熬夜 (ao2ye4)

炒股票 (chao3 gu3piao4) 炒地皮 (chao3 di4pi2)

醞釀 (yun4niang4)

Ways of Eating

Food-consumption verbsEncounter negative events:

　　　 吃官司 (chi1 guan1si1) 、吃耳光 (chi1 er3guang1)

Do something without obstacles:

　　　 吃得開 (chi1-de2-kai1)

嚼 (jiao2) 、消化 (xiao1hua4) 、品嘗 (pin3chang2) 、吞 (tun1) 、吸收 (xi1shou1) 、反芻 (fan3chu2)

Concepts of Food

Food as Objects: Nominals

長期飯票 (chang2qi2 fan4piao4)

　　　 鐵飯碗 (tie3 fan4wan3)

Food as events: Verbals吃豆腐 (chi1-dou4fu3)

　　　 吃軟飯 (chi1-ruan3fan4)

　　　 吃閉門羹 (chi1-bi4men2geng1)

吃醋 (chi1-cu4)

Flickr SimonQ

Food as Activities : Clausals

魚與熊掌不能兼得 (yu2 yu3 xiong2zhang3 bu4 neng2 jian1 de2) 　

　　　 生米煮成熟飯 (sheng1-mi3 zhu3 cheng2 shou2-fan4)

Flickr Магадан

Flickr Major in Blue

Representative food of a CountryKimchi KoreaFan1shu3 “Sweet Potato” Taiwan

In sports games: eating = defeating

　　　　 吃泡菜 (chi2 pao4cai4 “eat kimchi”)

= defeat the Korean team

Flickr Nagyman

Food-related Puns

Auspicious Expressions in Mandarin

桂圓 gui4yuan2

( 富貴圓滿 fu4-gui4-yuan2-man3)

髮菜 fa3cai4 ( 發財 fa1cai2)

Flickr 台灣好呷 HOCHA

Flickr 阿簡

Auspicious expressions in Mandarin

年糕　 nian2gao1

( 年年高升 nian2-nian2 gao1 sheng1)

魚 yu2 ( 年年有餘 nian2-nian2 you3 yu2)

Wiki user Miuki

Flickr gohan.hk

Auspicious Expressions in Southern Min

豆乾 tau kuann ( 大官 tua kuann)

韭菜　 ku tshai ( 久長 ku tng)

鳳梨 ong lai ( 好運旺旺來 ho un ong ong lai)

Flickr amy0313

Flickr beautifulcataya

Flickr giniger

Metaphor

TIME IS MONEYSource Target

(money) (time)

mapping

Understanding time in terms of moneySave timeSpend timeLive on borrowed time

embodiment

Chou2-mei2-bu4-zhan3 愁眉不展Mei2tou2 shen1 suo3 眉頭深鎖

Knitted brows

Embodied Cognition

Metaphors tend to be grounded in common patterns of our bodily experience that have their own corporeal or spatial logic, which are the bases for most of our abstract conceptualization and inference.

Pervasiveness of Metaphor

1 metaphor in every 25 words (Graesser, Long & Mio 1989) Graesser, A. C., Long, D. L., & Mio, J. S.

(1989).

1.8 novel metaphor and 4.08 frozen metaphor in 1 minute’s talk exchange.

Metaphor structures our world

Metaphor is not merely a linguistic phenomenon

It is, fundamentally, a conceptual and experiential process that structures our world.

Methphors We Live By.

MORE IS UP.Fill upThe price is up.

GOOD IS UP.The whole thing is looking up.Up hill

HAPPINESS IS UP.Cheer up/ boost one’s spiritsSeven-up?

Expressions related to foodChi1-fan4-huang2di4-da4 「吃飯皇帝大」Min2-yi3-shi2-wei2-tian1

　　　　　 「民以食為天」

Xiu4-se4-ke3-can1 秀色可「餐」

More Chinese examplesJia1-you2-tian1-cu4 加「油」添「醋」Ping2-dan4-wu2-wei4 平淡無「味」

Yi3 xin1la4 de5 nei4rong2 chao3re4 xin1wen2　　　 以「辛辣」的內容「炒熱」新聞Sou1-zhu3yi4 「餿」主意

hui2guo2 「回鍋」Ao2 cheng2 po2 「熬」成婆

Chi2-ding4 xiao3-zhi2yuan2　　 「吃」定小職員

THOUGHT IS FOOD in Chinese

(1) THE CONTENT OF THOUGHT IS THE INGREDIENT OF FOOD

Zhe4 chang3 yian3jiang3 hen3 you3 liao4 this CL speech very have ingredient

(這場演講很有料 ) “This speech is very informative”

THOUGHT IS Food in Chinese

(2) THE QUALITY OF THOUGHT IS THE FLAVOR OF FOOD

tian2 yian2 mi4 yu3

sweet word honey language

(甜言蜜語 )

“sweet words”

THOUGHT IS FOOD in Chinese(3) THE FORMATION OF THOUGHT IS

THE PREPARATION OF FOOD

yun4niang4 yi1-ge5 xin1 de5 yi4an4(醞釀一個新的議案 )

“to come up with a new proposal.”

Jian1ao2 煎熬jian1ao2

Two ways to prepare foodTime-consumingtorture

THOUGHT IS FOOD in Chinese

(4) THE COMPREHENSION OF THOUGHT IS THE DIGESTION OF FOOD

yi3 fan3chu2 de5 fang1shi4 xiao1hua4

with rumination DE way digest

jiu4you3 zhi1shi4

old knowledge

(以反芻的方式消化舊有知識 )“to digest what one already knows by rumination”

Food and Chinese Weddingbanquets in Chinese wedding　　　　 無 宴 不 成 婚

wu2 yian4 bu4 cheng2 hun1 ‘No banquet, no wedding.’

Flickr sundow.moonkiss

Naming of the Dishes

Auspicious meanings of the namesAn example

　　　　　　　　　　　　 枝 結 連 理 zhi1 jie2 lian2 li3

↓

　　　　　　　　　　　　 串 烤 羊 肉 chuan4 kao3 yang2 rou4

Flickr wangkai

Why is metaphor important?

Metaphors reflect processes of thinking and therefore serve as a good resource for the investigation of mapping in thought and language.

Reflect the cognitive vision and epitomize cultural context

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p.38

Graesser, A. C., Long, D. L., & Mio, J. S. (1989). “What are the cognitive and conceptual components of humorous text?” Poetics, 18, 143-163.and used subject to the fair use doctrine of the Taiwan Copyright Act Article 50 by NTU OCW Flickr sundow.moonkisshttp://www.flickr.com/photos/sundow1219/3059387186/2011/10/14 visited

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