看过的最好的FLUENT中文教程

FLUENT

I Alphanumeric Reporting Bibliography II

FLUENT

FLUENT z FLUENT

z

z FLUENT z FLUENT z

scalepartitionnonconformal.

z FLUENT and how to define boundary profiles and volumetric sources.

z FLUENT

z FLUENT

swirling

z FLUENT z FLUENT z

prePDF z NOx z FLUENT z FLUENT z FLUENT z Flows in Moving Zones FLUENT

z Solver FLUENT solver z explains the solution-adaptive mesh refinement feature in FLUENT

and how to use it z explains how to create surfaces in the domain on

which you can examine FLUENT solution data z FLUENT z Alphanumeric Reporting z FLUENT

z FLUENT z

FLUENT

z CFD FLUENT

z FLUENT FLUENT

z z z

z z z Using the Solver z -Alphanumeric Reporting

z FLUENT z FLUENT z FLUENT z

z "/", Define/Materials..

Define Materials... z Support Engineer Support Engineer CFD FLUENT

Support Engineer z z z z FLUENT

FLUENT FLUENT

FLUENT

///

FLUENT C FLUENT client/server

FLUENT Scheme LISP dialect

FLUENT FLUENT prePDF, PDF GAMBIT,

TGrid, filters (translators) CAD/CAE ANSYSIDEASNASTRANPATRAN Fluent "grid" "mesh"

GAMBIT

GAMBIT GAMBIT CAD/CAE Tgrid Tgrid FLUENT ANSYS(Swanson Analysis Systems, Inc.) I-DEAS (SDRC)MSC/ARIES,MSC/PATRAN MSC/NASTRAN ( MacNeal-Schwendler ) CAD/CAE CAD/CAE

FLUENT

PreBFC GeoMesh FLUENT GAMBIT preBFC GeoMesh

FLUENT

z 2D 3D //

z z z z z z z z z rotor/stator interaction modeling z z z z z / z z

FLUENT z Process and process equipment applications z / z z z z /HVAC/ z z

/FLUENT FLUENT NEKTON,FIDAPPOLYFLOWIcePak MixSim

FLUENT FLUENT

FLUENT (FLUENT 4 CFD )FLUENT 2D 3D

GAMBIT Tgrid CAD

CFD FLUENT

CFD CFD CFD FLUENT .

1. 22D3D2DDP3DDP 3 4 5 6 7 8. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

GAMBIT CAD Tgrid CAD Tgrid FLUENT ()

FLUENT

FLUENT Define Menu Solve Menu Display Menu&Plot

MenuReport Menu

FLUENT UNIX Windows NT FLUENT

FLUENT FLUENT

UNIX FLUENT z z

case case

fluent 2d fluent 3dfluent 2ddpfluent 3ddp

Figure 1:

2d3d2ddp 3ddp GUI File/Run...

( FLUENT

Figure 2: FLUENT

1. 3D 3D 2D 2.

3. Run Run Case fluent

File/Read/Case.. File/Read/Case & Data.. case data case data read-case read-case-data File/Read/Case & Data... read-case-data case data .cas.dat.

Windows NT FLUENT Windows NT 4.0 FLUENT: Fluent.Inc FLUENT 6

MS-DOS fluent 2dfluent 3dfluent 2ddp fluent 3ddp MS-DOS fluent"Set Environment" Fluent.Inc

MS-DOS FLUENT n fluent-version-tntn 2d, 3d, 2ddp, 3ddp )n fluent 3d -t3 3 3D )

Windows NT 3.51 FLUENT FLUENT 5 MS-DOS fluent help

fluent [version] [-help] [options] options -cl following argument passed to fluent, -cxarg following argument passed to cortex, -cx host:p1:p2 connect to the specified cortex process, -driver [ gl | opengl | null | pex | sbx | x11 | xgl ],

sets the graphics driver (available drivers vary by platform), -env show environment variables, -g run without gui or graphics, -gu run without gui, -gr run without graphics, -help this listing, -i journal read the specified journal file, -nocheck disable checks for valid license file and server, -post run a post-processing-only executable, -project x write project x start and end times to license log, -r list all releases, -rx specify release x, -v list all versions, -vx specify version x,

-n no execute, -hcl following argument passed to fluent host, -loadx start compute nodes from host x, -manspa manually spawn compute nodes, -ncl following argument passed to fluent compute node, -px specify parallel communicator x, -pathx specify root path x to Fluent.Inc, -tx specify number of processors x,

Windows NT -driver, -env, -gu(), -help, -i journal, -r, -rx, -v, -vx,-tx

FLUENTCortexCortexFLUENT-cx host:p1:p2

fluent driverfluent -driver xgl fluent env FLUENT fluent g Cortex X-Windows fluent guCortex fluent gr Cortex ( Windows NT fluent gu FLUENT-i journal

fluent -i journaljournal -nocheck fluent post

-project x CPU -project xx CPU log CPU license.log USER CPU SYSTEM CPU

fluent version r version fluent rx FLUENT x fluent v fluent n -n

-hcl FLUENT -ncl FLUENT -loadx -manspa -px x x UNIX -pathx Fluent.Inc -tx x FLUENT

FLUENT

)

FLUENT 4 FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT()

FLUENT () 1.5 2

/PDF//Pollutant formation models//Rosseland //

Define/Models/Solver..

Figure 1:

FLUENT CD a cavity in the shape of a

60^?rhombus, 0.1 0.1m/s 500

Figure 1:

.

CD /fluent_inc/fluent5/tut/sample/cavity.msh File/Read/Case...

case FLUENT case File/Import

Figure 1:

cavity.msh FLUENT

Grid/Check Domain Extents: x-coordinate: min (m) = 0.000000e+00, max (m) = 1.500000e-01 y-coordinate: min (m) = 0.000000e+00, max (m) = 8.660000e-02 Volume statistics: minimum volume (m3): 7.156040e-05 maximum volume (m3): 7.157349e-05 total volume (m3): 8.660000e-03 Face area statistics: minimum face area (m2): 9.089851e-03 maximum face area (m2): 9.091221e-03 Checking number of nodes per cell. Checking number of faces per cell. Checking thread pointers. Checking number of cells per face. Checking face cells. Checking face handedness. Checking element type consistency.

Checking boundary types: Checking face pairs. Checking periodic boundaries. Checking node count. Checking nosolve cell count. Checking nosolve face count. Checking face children. Checking cell children. Done. Adapt Iso-Value... Display/Grid...

Display

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

FLUENT Define/Models Solver

FLUENT

Define/Models Define/Materials...

Figure 1:

1.0 kg/m^3 2*10^-5 kg/m-s Change/Create

Define/Boundary Conditions...

Figure 1:

Set...( Set...)

x 0.1 m/s 2 FLUENT wall-2 Set...

Figure 2: Moving Wall X 0.1(

Figure 3: OK

(wall-5)

Solve/Controls

Residual Plotting Solve/Monitors/Residual...Plot OK

Figure 1: Case

case data File/Write/Case... case

Figure 1: Case FLUENT OK cavity.cas

Solve/Initialize/Initialize... Figure 1. 0 Init

Figure 1:

Solve/Iterate...

Figure 1:

10 10

Figure 2: 10

Display/Velocity Vectors..

Figure 3:

Display

Figure 410

10 90 50

Figure 5:

case fluent case data FLUENT case data

case data File/Write/Case & Data...

Figure 1: case data

Case/Data FLUENT .cas .dat

cavity FLUENT case cavity.casdata cavity.dat OK cavity.cas FLUENT OK

Figure 2 FLUENT case data Display /Contours...

Figure 1: Contours Of Velocity... Stream FunctionLevels 10 Display

Figure 2:

FLUENT ExitFLUENT FLUENT FLUENT

Fluent

Fluent

FLUENT

(GUI) fluent

UNIX GUI ()

Figure 1: GUI

Console FLUENT

(TUI)(GUI)

Figure 1:

MS-DOS TUI Control-C X Window Windows NT UNIX 1 2

Windows NT 1 2Ctrl+Insert

Figure 1:Help

FLUENT Windows Alt

ESC

OK

1. Filter

/ Filter ...

2. *.dat* dat *

3. XY-plot data XY File(s) Remove

4. Write Binary Files casedata radiation

5. OK XY OK

XY OK Windows NT Windows NT

z OK Cancel

z

Apply Display AdaptClose

Help Push Button

Check Button

Radio Buttons

Text Entry

Integer Number Entry

1 Key Factor of Increase Shift 10 Ctrl 100 Real Number Entry

10, -10.538, 50000.45 5.e-4)

Windows

Figure 1:

Ctrl+C

Windows NT UNIX Windows NT

Windows NT

Windows NT FLUENTmovesize closeFLUENT 1. Windows

2. 3.

Windows NT system Page Setup..

Color Color Gray Scale Monochrome Color Quality True Color RGB 65536

Mapped Color 256 Dithered Color 20 Clipboard Formats

Windows

Bitmap DIB Bitmap Metafile Windows Enhanced Metafile Windows Picture Format Vector 3D

Raster 3D

Printer Scale % Options Landscape Orientation (Printer)

landscapeportrait Reverse Foreground/Background (TUI)

(TUI) Scheme Lisp Scheme Scheme LISP 71 Scheme Scheme MIT

Scheme UNIX FLUENT> > adapt/ grid/ surface/ display/ plot/ view/ define/ report/ exit file/ solve/ / > display /display> set /display/set> q quit /display/set> q /display> /display> /file /display//file> /display /file /file

/display. /display//file> q /display> /display> /file start-journal jrnl Input journal opened on file "jrnl". /display> set-ambient-colorset-ambient-color, s-a-c, sac, sa lint lighting-interpolation li lights-on nt interpolation liin l-int Scheme Evaluation () Scheme > (define a 1) a > (+ a 2 3 4) 10

UNIX csh Cortex error pwd chdir ls alias Error Scheme Scheme Pwd Chdir Ls Alias

yes/no

filled grids? [no] shrink-factor [0.1] line-weight [1] title [""]

"1,2" 3 12a Control-C

16,

-2.4, .9e5, +1e-5 31 31, #b11111, #o37, #x1fIn Scheme, 2 2.0 1.9 1

yes no Yes y no n yes/no #t #f.

"red"

> (define fn "valve.ps") fn > hc fn fn, valve.psfn "valve.ps" FLUENT Scheme

().()'() element(1) [()] 1 element(2) [()] 10 element(3) [()] 100 element(4) [()] 1, 10, 100 element(1) [1] element(2) [10] element(3) [100] element(4) [()] 1000 element(5) [()] element(1) [1] element(2) [10] element(3) [100] () 1 10 element(1) [1] ,,'(11 12 13) 1, 10, 11, 12, 13 element(1) [1] () Scheme Scheme 1/3 () /foo> set-xy x-component [1.0] (/ 1 3) y-component [0.0] (sqrt (/ 8 9)) > (define (unit-y x) (sqrt (- 1.0 (* x x)))) unit-y /foo> set-xy x-component [1.0] (/ 1 3) y-component [0.0] (unit-y (/ 1 3)) Scheme "_" () Scheme shrink-factor [0.8] (/ _ 3)

UNIXFLUENT! (bang)UNIX!( FLUENTCortex > !rm junk.* > !vi script.rp

ls pwd UNIX ls pwd chdir

!ls !pwd UNIX FLUENT (!chdir!cd FLUENT Cortex ) chdir

FLUENT Cortex FLUENT > !pwd > !ls valve.* (FLUENT Cortex ) /home/cfd/run/valve valve1.cas valve1.msh valve2.cas valve2.msh

FLUENT Scheme ti-menu-load-string 1 (ti-menu-load-string "di ow 1") Scheme 0 1 0 1 (for-each (lambda (window view) (ti-menu-load-string (format #f "di ow ~a gr view rv ~a" window view)))

'(0 1) '(front back)) menu-load-string Scheme (for-each (lambda (window view) (cx-open-window window) (display-grid) (cx-restore-view view)) '(0 1) '(front back))

FLUENT (alias 'dg (lambda () (ti-menu-load-string "/di gr")))

dg ! ti-menu-load-string ti-menu-loadstring (ti-menu-load-string "open-window 1 gr") ; incorrect usage display/ display/ (ti-menu-load-string "display open-window 1 grid")

FLUENT Help Viewer GUI

Windows NT UNIX FLUENT Windows NT Windows NT Windows NT How to Use Help

Help Viewer

Context-Sensitive

Context-Sensitive Help Help/Context-Sensitive Help Help Viewer

User's Guide...Help/User's Guide...

Help Viewer Help Viewer Overview

Using Help...Help/Using Help...Help Viewer Using On-Line Help s GUI Help Viewer Help Viewer Help Viewer Help Viewer (Figure 1)

Figure 1:Help Viewer

Windows

Help Viewer Help Viewer Help Viewe Contents

Figure 1:

View

Help/Version ?

> ?dis display/: Enter the display menu. ? q quit > ? [help-mode]> di display/: Enter the display menu. [help-mode]> pwd

pwd: #[alias] (LAMBDA () (cx-send '(system "pwd"))) [help-mode]> q ? display/annotate Annotation text [""] ? Enter the text to annotate the plot with. Annotation text [""] ( UNIX )

FLUENT ( 3d)File/Run... FLUENT Cortex ( FLUENT ) Cortex FLUENT Cortex FLUENT 1. (Hostname)(Username) 2. FLUENT 3. Run "listen" Cortex FLUENT Listen Run Cortex FLUENT -cx host:p1:p2 host host Cortex p1:p2 fluent version -cx host:p1:p2 version host FLUENT Case case Apply Case

FLUENT FLUENT FLUENT UNIX UNIX UNIX C-shell FLUENT fluent -g < inputfile >&outputfile& Bourne/Korn-shell fluent -g < inputfile > outputfile 2>&1& z fluent FLUENT z -g z inputfile FLUENT z outputfile FLUENT

() z & UNIX

inputfile FLUENT rc example.cas solve/init/init it 50 wd example50.dat it 50 wd example100.dat exit case example.cas 100 case data case data rc file/read-case wd file/write-data FLUENT

(solve/init/init). fluent -g -i inputfile >&outputfile&

Exit

Windows

FLUENT grid, case,

data, profile, Scheme, journal case, data, profile, journal, transcript FLUENT FLUENT

FLUENT ( FLUENT ) FLUENT Grid GAMBIT, TGrid GeoMesh,

preBFC FLUENT

Third-Party Grid ANSYS, PATRAN, I-DEAS, NASTRAN, etc.

FLUENT

Case FLUENT FLUENT Data FLUENT FLUENT FLUENT/UNS Case FLUENT/UNS 3 or 4 FLUENT FLUENT/UNS Data FLUENT/UNS 4 FLUENT RAMPANT Case RAMPANT 2, 3, or 4 FLUENT RAMPANT Data RAMPANT 4 FLUENT FLUENT 4 Case FLUENT 4 FLUENT FIDAP 7 Neutral FIDAP 7 FLUENT Ray FLUENT FLUENT PDF prePDF FLUENT Journal FLUENT FLUENT Transcript FLUENT user Hardcopy FLUENT assorted Plot FLUENT FLUENT Profile user, FLUENT FLUENT Data Export FLUENT Other codes Scheme user FLUENT

FLUENT

Tilde expansion

FLUENT ( FLUENT )

case myfile FLUENT myfile.cas PDF ray

case, data, ray FLUENT

FLUENT TGrid case TGrid FLUENT

case, data, grid, PDF, ray

.ZFLUENT zcat .gz gunzip flow.msh.gzReading "| gunzip -c flow.msh.gz"...

file-name z Name z name.gz z name.Z z name.suffix z name.suffix.gz z name.suffix.Z

suffix .cas msh Windows NT gzip (.gz) compress Windows NT FLUENT ray FLUENT

Z gz flow.gz

case Writing "| gzip -cfv > flow.cas.gz"... case gzip cas Windows NT FLUENT gzip .Z rayFLUENT Tilde Expansion ( UNIX )

UNIX ~/~~username/~username "username"~/file case FLUENT file.cas ~/cases/file.casFLUENT file.cas

z %t

contours-%t.ps contours-0001.ps

z %i contours-%i.ps contours-0010.ps

z %

FLUENT myfile-%t.ps myfile-0001.ps myfile-0001.ps

FLUENT file/confirm-overwrite/text no

GAMBIT, TGrid, GeoMesh, preBFC CAD Fluent case

( wall-1, pressure-inlet-5, symmetry-2)

FLUENT File/Read/Case...GAMBIT, TGrid, GeoMesh, preBFCGAMBITGeoMesh TGrid preBFC TGrid GAMBIT GeoMesh preBFC preBFC ANSYS I-DEAS Universal NASTRAN PATRAN Neutral an Unpartitioned Grid File Through the Partition Filter TGrid

TGrid FLUENT FLUENT File/Read/Case...TGrid TGrid GAMBIT and GeoMesh Mesh

GAMBITGeoMeshFLUENT 5, FLUENT/UNS,RAMPANT FLUENT File/Read/Case... File/Read/Case... Case... preBFC

preBFC FLUENT File/Read/Case... MESH-RAMPANT/TGRI preBFC File/Import/preBFC Structured Mesh. ANSYS File/Import/ANSYS... I-DEAS Universal File/Import/IDEAS Universal... NASTRAN File/Import/NASTRAN... PATRAN Neutral File/Import/PATRAN...

METIS FluentFile/Import/Partition/Metis... FLUENT

case

file/reread-grid

Case Data FLUENT case data

FLUENT

FLUENT

case data data case case data FLUENT Case

Case Case case case File/Read/Case... case

case .cas FLUENT data

Data File/Read/Data.. File/Write/Data..

data .dat FLUENT Case Data Case data Case

Data File/Read/Case & Data...dat .cas File/Write/Case & Data...

Case Data

FLUENT

File/wite/utosave...

Figure 1: Case/Data

10 10FLUENT .casdatgz .Z case

FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT Case Data FLUENT/UNS 3 4 RAMPANT 2, 3, 4 case case

FLUENT/UNS case FLUENT RAMPANT case FLUENT

FLUENT/UNS 4 RAMPANT4 Data FLUENT

FLUENT 4 Case File/Import/FLUENT 4 Case...

FLUENT FLUENT 4 case

FIDAP 7 Neutral File/Import/FIDAP7...

FLUENT FIDAP7...

FLUENT

GUI Scheme FLUENT

transcript

case data

transcript

File/Write/Start Journal... Start Journal... Stop Journalmenu Stop Journal File/Write/Stop Journal

File/Read/Journal.. Transcript

Transcript FLUENT transcript GUI Scheme FLUENT transcript

Transcript

transcript transcript transcript

transcripting File/Write/Start Transcript...transcript Start Transcript... Stop Transcriptmenu Stop Transcript transcript

File/Read/Profile...

Write Profile (Figure 1)File/Write/Profile...

Figure 1:Write Profile

1. Define New Profiles 2. 3. 4. Write... FLUENT

field

case Write Currently Defined Profiles Write...

TGrid File/Write/Boundary Grid...

TIFF, PICT, PostScript

dump

(Figure 1).

File/Hardcopy...

Figure 1:

1. 2. () 3. 4. () 5. 6. dump 7. () 8.

Apply

EPS (Encapsulated PostScript) PostScript Adobe (v2) EPS PostScript EPS EPS

HPGL pen plotters HPGL

IRIS Image SGI IRIS

PICT Macintosh PICT "draw""paint"

PPM PostScript PostScript TIFF TIFF Window Dump ( UNIX )

PostScript, EPS, PICT PostScript, Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), HPGL, PICT IRIS , PICT, PostScript, Encapsulated PostScript, TIFF

Color Gray ScaleMonochrome PostScript

Gray Scale

display/set/rendering-options/device-info PostScript, EPS, PICT

Landscape Orientation landscape portrait Reverse Foreground/Background

FLUENT PostScript display/set/hardcopy/driver/post-format fast-raster raster rle-raster run-length vector

Window Dumps UNIX )

xwd xwd -id %w >

FLUENT %w ID (myfile.xwd)

%nmyfile%n.xwd

%n ImageMagick MIFF ImageMagick import -window %w.miff MIFF

() 8

TIFF 24

FLUENT AVSData ExplorerEnSight (MPGS)FASTFIELDVIEWI-DEASNASTRANPATRAN Tecplot EnSight FIELDVIEW FLUENT

Export (Figure 1). File/Export...

Figure 1:

1. 2. IDEAS UniversalNASTRAN PATRAN

3. FAST Solution NASTRAN Functions to Write

4. () IDEAS UniversalNASTRAN PATRAN (

/)()

5. Write... AVS AVS version 4 UCD Data Explorer EnSight( MPGS) FAST Plot3D FAST Solution FieldView Case+DataFLUENT case FIELDVIEW FieldView Data FIELDVIEW case FieldView Case+Data case FieldView Data case IDEAS Universal NASTRAN PATRAN Tecplot Scheme

Scheme scheme

Scheme File/Read/Scheme.. Scheme > (load "file.scm") File/Read/Journal.. file/read-journal source > . file.scm > source file.scm Fluent

FLUENT fluent

Scheme Scheme

cxlayout cxlayout cxlayout Cortex TGrid, FLUENT, FLUENT/UNS, RAMPANT, NEKTON, MixSim Case Data

FLUENT Case Data z z

z

Grid Data ()Case

case case

ID Scheme (xfile.scm) C (xfile.h) Fluent Inc Index: 0 Scheme symbol: xf-comment C macro: XF_COMMENT Codes: FLUENT, TGrid Status: optional

(0 "comment text") (0 "Variables:") (37 ( (relax-mass-flow 1) (default-coefficient ()) (default-method 0) )) Header Index: 1 Scheme symbol: xf-header C macro: XF_HEADER Codes: FLUENT, TGrid Status: optional (1 "TGrid 2.1.1") Index: 2 Scheme symbol: xf-dimension C macro: XF_DIMENSION Codes: FLUENT, TGrid Status: optional The dimensionality of the grid (2 ND) ND 2 3 Index: 10 Scheme symbol: xf-node C macro: XF_NODE Codes: FLUENT, TGrid Status: required (10 (zone-id first-index last-index type ND)( x1 y1 z1 x2 y2 z2

. . . )) ID index indextype ND (10 (0 1 2d5 0 2)) ID index index index index

Type TGrid FLUENT

ND x y

(10 (1 1 2d5 1 2)( 1.500000e-01 2.500000e-02 1.625000e-01 1.250000e-02 . . . 1.750000e-01 0.000000e+00 2.000000e-01 2.500000e-02 1.875000e-01 1.250000e-02 ))

() index index ID Shadow Index: 18 Scheme symbol: xf-periodic-face C macro: XF_PERIODIC_FACE Codes: FLUENT, TGrid Status: required only for grids with periodic boundaries

(18 (first-index last-index periodic-zone shadow-zone)( f00 f01

f10 f21 f20 f21 . . . )) first-index indexlast-indexperiodic-zone IDshadow-zone shadow ID

body (f*) index indexfirst-index last-index indexindex (18 (1 2b a c) ( 12 1f 13 21 ad 1c2 . . . )) Index: 12 Scheme symbol: xf-cell C macro: XF_CELL Codes: FLUENT, TGrid Status: required (12 (zone-id first-index last-index type element-type)) ID last-index element-type (12 (0 1 3e3 0)) 3e3 (hexadecimal) = 995 regular cell element-type element-type description nodes/cell faces/cell 0 mixed 1 triangular 3 3 2 tetrahedral 4 4 3 quadrilateral 4 4 4 hexahedral 8 6 5 pyramid 5 5

6 wedge 6 5 first-index last-index

type (type=1)(type=0x11, 17)parent(type = 0x20, or 32 decimal)element-type

FLUENT (element-type=0) (12 (9 1 3d 0 0)( 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 3 1 . . . ))

9 3d () = 61

TGrid Faces Index: 13 Scheme symbol: xf-face C macro: XF_FACE Codes: FLUENT, TGrid Status: required index 13 (13 (zone-id first-index last-index type element-type)) ID element-type n0 n1 n2 cr cl n*c* element index cr cl ,Handedness cr cl indexcr cl n2 (element-type = 0) type v0 v1 v2 c0 c1 type element-type face type nodes/face 0 mixed 2 linear 2 3 triangular 3 4 quadrilateral 4

bc name bc id interior 2 wall 3 pressure-inlet, inlet-vent, intake-fan 4 pressure-outlet, exhaust-fan, outlet-vent 5 symmetry7 periodic-shadow 8 pressure-far-field 9 velocity-inlet 10 periodic 12 fan, porous-jump, radiator 14 mass-flow-inlet 20 interface 24 parent (hanging node) 31 outflow 36 axis 37 10001003 Face Tree Index: 59 Scheme symbol: xf-face-tree C macro: XF_FACE_TREE Codes: FLUENT Status: only for grids with hanging-node adaption (59 (face-id0 face-id1 parent-zone-id child-zone-id) ( number-of-kids kid-id-0 kid-id-1 ... kid-id-n . . . )) face-id0 indexface-id1 indexparent-zone-id IDchild-zone-id IDnumber-of-kids kid-id-n ID TGrid Cell Tree

Index: 58 Scheme symbol: xf-cell-tree C macro: XF_CELL_TREE Codes: FLUENT Status: only for grids with hanging-node adaption (58 (cell-id0 cell-id1 parent-zone-id child-zone-id) ( number-of-kids kid-id-0 kid-id-1 ... kid-id-n .)) cell-id0 indexcell-id1 indexparent-zone-id IDchild-zone-id IDnumber-of-kids kid-id-n ID TGrid Interface Face Parents Index: 61 Scheme symbol: xf-face-parents C macro: XF_FACE_PARENTS Codes: FLUENT Status: only for grids with nonconformal interfaces (61 (face-id0 face-id1) ( parent-id-0 parent-id-1 )) face-id0 indexface-id1 indexparent-id-0 indexparent-id-1 index TGridTGrid

Figure 1

(0 "Grid:") (0 "Dimensions:") (2 2) (12 (0 1 3 0)) (13 (0 1 a 0)) (10 (0 1 8 0 2)) (12 (7 1 3 1 3)) (13 (2 1 2 2 2)( 1 2 1 2 3 4 2 3)) (13 (3 3 5 3 2)( 5 1 1 0 1 3 2 0 3 6 3 0)) (13 (4 6 8 3 2)( 7 4 3 0 4 2 2 0 2 8 1 0)) (13 (5 9 9 a 2)( 8 5 1 0)) (13 (6 a a 24 2)( 6 7 3 0)) (10 (1 1 8 1 2) (

1.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 2.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 2.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 3.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 3.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00)) Figure 2 bf9 bf10

Figure 2: (0 "Dimensions:") (2 2) (0 "Grid:") (12 (0 1 3 0)) (13 (0 1 a 0)) (10 (0 1 8 0 2)) (12 (7 1 3 1 3)) (13 (2 1 2 2 2)( 1 2 1 2 3 4 2 3)) (13 (3 3 5 3 2)( 5 1 1 0 1 3 2 0 3 6 3 0)) (13 (4 6 8 3 2)( 7 4 3 0 4 2 2 0

2 8 1 0)) (13 (5 9 9 c 2)( 8 5 1 0)) (13 (1 a a 8 2)( 6 7 3 0)) (18 (1 1 5 1)( 9 a)) (10 (1 1 8 1 2)( 1.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 2.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 2.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 3.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 3.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00))

Figure 3

Figure 3:

(0 "Grid:") (0 "Dimensions:") (2 2) (12 (0 1 7 0)) (13 (0 1 16 0)) (10 (0 1 d 0 2)) (12 (7 1 6 1 3)) (12 (1 7 7 20 3))

(58 (7 7 1 7)( 4 6 5 4 3)) (13 (2 1 7 2 2)( 1 2 6 3 1 3 3 4 1 4 4 5 1 5 5 6 6 7 1 2 5 8 2 6 9 5 2 5)) (13 (3 8 b 3 2)( a 6 1 0 6 9 2 0 4 b 4 0 9 4 5 0)) (13 (4 c f 3 2)( 2 8 6 0 c 2 3 0 8 7 2 0 7 d 1 0)) (13 (5 10 10 a 2)( d a 1 0)) (13 (6 11 12 24 2)( 3 c 3 0 b 3 4 0)) (13 (b 13 13 1f 2)( c 8 7 0)) (13 (a 14 14 1f 2)( b c 7 0)) (13 (9 15 15 1f 2)( 9 b 7 0)) (13 (8 16 16 1f 2)( 9 8 2 7)) (59 (13 13 b 4)(

2 d c)) (59 (14 14 a 6)( 2 12 11)) (59 (15 15 9 3)( 2 b a)) (59 (16 16 8 2)( 2 7 6)) (10 (1 1 d 1 2) ( 2.50000000e+00 5.00000000e-01 2.50000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 3.00000000e+00 5.00000000e-01 2.50000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 2.00000000e+00 5.00000000e-01 1.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 2.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 2.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 3.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 3.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00 0.00000000e+00 1.00000000e+00)) Case

Index: 39 Scheme symbol: xf-rp-tv C macro: XF_RP_TV Codes: FLUENT Status: optional (39 (zone-id zone-type zone-name)( (condition1 . value1) (condition2 . value2)

(condition3 . value3) .)) (39 (zone-id zone-type zone-name)()) zone-id axisexhaust fanfanfluidinlet ventintake faninterfaceinterior mass-flow-inletoutlet ventoutflowperiodicporous-jumppressure-far-fieldpressure-inletpressure-outletradiatorshadowsolidsymmetryvelocity-inletwall interior, fan, porous-jump, radiator Interior FLUENT wallcell (element) fluid solid Scheme (Scheme symbol) z z ! %&* / : < = > ? _ ^ . + - inlet-port/cold!, eggs/easy, e=m*c^2 (39 (1 fluid fuel)()) (39 (8 pressure-inlet pressure-inlet-8)()) (39 (2 wall wing-skin)()) (39 (3 symmetry mid-plane)()) Index: 40 Scheme symbol: xf-partition C macro: XF_PARTITION Codes: FLUENT Status: only for partitioned grids (40 (zone-id first-index last-index partition-count)(

p1 p2 p3 . pn )) p1 ID first-index p2 ID first-index+1 pn ID lastt-index ID 0 partition-count-1 partition-count Index: 33 Scheme symbol: xf-grid-size C macro: XF_GRID_SIZE Codes: FLUENT Status: optional (33 (n-elements n-faces n-nodes)) Data Field Index: 300 Scheme symbol: xf-rf-seg-data C macro: XF_RF_SEG_DATA Codes: FLUENT Status: required case (300 (sub-section-id zone-id size n-time-levels n-phases first-id last-id) ( data for cell or face with id = first-id data-for-cell-or-face with id = first-id+1 .. data-for-cell-or-face with id = last-id

)) sub-section-id 1 2 Fluent Inc (xfile.h)Zone-id ID case ID Size (1 2 3 )N-time-levels n-phases (300 (2 16 2 0 0 17 100) (8.08462024e-01 8.11823010e-02 8.78750622e-01 3.15509699e-02 1.06139672e+00 -3.74040119e-02 ... 1.33301604e+00 -5.04243895e-02 6.21703446e-01 -2.46118382e-02 4.41687912e-01 -1.27046436e-01 1.03528820e-01 -1.01711005e-01 )) Index: 301 Scheme symbol: xf-residuals C macro: XF_RF_SEG_RESIDUAL Codes: FLUENT Status: optional (301 (n residual-subsection-id size)( r1 r2 . . . rn )) n size (1 2 3 ) Residual-subsection-id xfile.h C Fluent Inc

Fluent

FLUENT FLUENT

FLUENT FLUENT

FLUENT FLUENT

FLUENT z z () z z XY z

Kelvin Rankine Celsius Kelvin Kelvin Fahrenheit Rankine Rankine

FLUENT

FLUENT FLUENT British, SI, CGS, "default."

Set All To Define/Units...

Figure 1:

british si CGS (centimeter-gram-second) cgs default

List FLUENT

FLUENT

1. 2.

0.0254 meters/inch 1 273.15

1. 2. New...

Figure 1:

3. 4. OK

3600 OK feet/min

smy

sftmftx =

60min3048.0

min

FLUENT

FLUENT

FLUENT

ijk FLUENT FLUENT

Figure 1:

FLUENT 111 FLUENT O C Note that while FLUENT does not require a cyclic branch cut in an O-type grid it will accept a grid that contains one.

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

Figure 4: O

Figure 5:

Figure 6: C

Figure 7:

Figure 8: Unstructured Triangular Grid for an Airfoil

Figure 9:

Figure 10:/

Figure 11: for a Rotor-Stator Geometry

FLUENT

z z z

FLUENT 4 FLUENT FLUENT FLUENT

///

z z

z FLUENT z

z

//

.

z x (Figure 1).

Figure 1: x z GAMBIT TGrid

GeoMesh CAD TGrid GeoMesh CAD 1. 2. GAMBIT TGrid GeoMesh CAD

FLUENT make-periodic ( TGrid )

skewness

1x

p vuy

py = u = v = X =

Blasius [139]

5 CPU CPU /

FLUENT

90 60 5:1

FLUENT GAMBIT TGrid GeoMesh preBFC ICEMCFD I-DEAS NASTRAN PATRAN ARIES ANSYS FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT FLUENT 4 case

GAMBIT GAMBIT // GAMBIT

FLUENT 5 FLUENTFile/Read/Case...

GeoMesh GeoMesh

GeoMesh TGrid FLUENT File/Read/Case...

TGrid

TGrid / TGrid FLUENT File/Write/Mesh... File/Read/Case...

preBFC preBFC FLUENT //

preBFC

70 35 File/Import/preBFC Structured Mesh... preBFC FLUENT tfilter fl42seg inputflile outputfile File/Read/Case... FLUENT

preBFC

MESH-RAMPANT/TGRID RAMPANT FLUENT RAMPANT File/Read/Case... preBFC TGrid TGRID TGrid

ICEMCFD ICEMCFD FLUENT 4 RAMPANT

ICEMCFD CAD FLUENT fe2ram CAD I-DEAS

NASTRAN PATRAN ANSYS I-DEAS Universal FLUENT I-deas

1. I-DEAS TGrid B TGrid TGrid

2. I-DEAS File/Import/IDEAS Universal... FLUENT

3. I-DEAS fe2ram Universal FLUENT File/Read/Case... FLUENT Universal

15 781 2411 780 2412 752 2417 2429

z // Universal

FLUENT I-DEAS Group FLUENT

FLUENT

GROUPE I-DEAS FLUENTFLUENT

I-DEAS FLUENT I-DEAS

NASTRAN NASTRAN FLUENT

1. NASTRAN TGrid B TGrid TGrid

2. NASTRAN File/Import/NASTRAN.. FLUENT

3. NASTRAN fe2ram NASTRAN FLUENT File/Read/Case... NASTRAN

FLUENT NASTRAN GRID GRID* CBAR CTETRA CTRIA3 CHEXA CQUAD4 CPENTA

z FLUENT NASTRAN

PATRAN Neutral FLUENT

1. PATRAN TGrid B TGrid TGrid

2. PATRAN File/Import/ PATRAN... FLUENT

3. PATRAN fe2ram PATRAN FLUENT File/Read/Case... PATRAN

FLUENT PATRAN

Packet Type 01

Packet Type 02 Packet Type 21

z PATRAN Named Component FLUENT FLUENT ANSYS Prep7

FLUENT 1. ANSYS ARIES

PATRAN TGrid B TGrid TGrid

2. PATRAN File/Import/ANSYS... FLUENT

3. ANSYS fe2ram ANSYS Prep7 FLUENT File/Read/Case... PATRAN

FLUENT Prep7

N EN NSEL ESEL

STIF63

fe2ram

CAD FLUENT tfilter fe2ram [dimension] format [zoning] input-file output-file

-d2-tANSYS ANSYS -tIDEAS I-DEAS -tNASTRAN NASTRAN -tPATRAN PATRAN CAD tfilter fe2ram -cl helpZoning CAD -zID -zNONE zoning input-file output-file

I-DEAS sample.unv sample.grd tfilter fe2ram -d2 -tIDEAS sample.unv sample.grd

FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT Case FLUENT/UNS 3 4 case RAMPANT 2, 3, 4 case

File/Read/Case... FLUENT

FLUENT 4 Case FLUENT 4 Case FLUENT

File/Import/FLUENT 4 Case... FLUENT 4 case

FLUENT 4 FLUENT tfilter fl42seg input-filename output-filename File/Read/Case... FLUENT FIDAP 7 Neutral

FIDAP 7 Neutral FLUENT File/Import/FIDAP7... FLUENT 4 case tfilter fe2ram [dimension] -tFIDAP7 input-file output-file-d2 File/Read/Case... FLUENT

z z

FLUENT 1. 2. fl42seg

FLUENT 3. TGrid tmerge TGrid

tmerge /

1. TGrid TGrid 2.

Tgrid tmerge

1. tfilter tmerge3d () tfilter tmerge2d (). 2.

/ user@mymachine:>tfilter tmerge2d Starting /Fluent.Inc/tfilter2.5/ultra/tmerge2d/tfilter.2.0.16 Append 2D grid files. tmerge2D Fluent Inc, Version 2.0.16 Enter name of grid file (ENTER to continue):my1.msh x,y scaling factor, eg. 1 1 : 1 1

x,y translation, eg. 0 1 : 0 0 rotation angle (deg), eg. 45 : 0 Enter name of grid file (ENTER to continue):my2.msh x,y scaling factor, eg. 1 1 : 1 1 x,y translation, eg. 0 1 : 0 0 rotation angle (deg), eg. 45 : 0 Enter name of grid file (ENTER to continue): Enter name of output file :final.msh Reading... node zone: id 1, ib 1, ie 1677, typ 1 node zone: id 2, ib 1678, ie 2169, typ 2 done. Writing... 492 nodes, id 1, ib 1678, ie 2169, type 2. 1677 nodes, id 2, ib 1, ie 1677, type 1. done. Appending done.

tfilter tmerge2d -cl -p my1.msh my2.msh final.msh 3.

` Fuse Face Zones

FLUENT

FLUENT

FLUENT

( Figure 1)( Figure 2)FLUENT

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3 A-BB-CD-E E-F a-dd-bb-e e-c(d-b, b-e, e-c)(a-d) IV D-E d-b b-e I III IV

Figure 3:

z

90

z

()

z

z z

FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT

FLUENT

FLUENT FLUENT 1. FLUENT 2.

Define/Boundary Conditions... 3. (Figure 1) Define/Grid Interfaces...

Figure 1:

1. 2.

3. 4. 5.

()

FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT Case

FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT FLUENT FLUENT define/grid-interfaces/recreatetext FLUENT FLUENT/UNS RAMPANT data

FLUENT X Grid/Check

Grid Check Domain Extents: x-coordinate: min (m) = 0.000000e+00, max (m) = 6.400001e+01 y-coordinate: min (m) = -4.538534e+00, max (m) = 6.400000e+01 Volume statistics: minimum volume (m3): 2.782193e-01 maximum volume (m3): 3.926232e+00 total volume (m3): 1.682930e+03 Face area statistics: minimum face area (m2): 8.015718e-01 maximum face area (m2): 4.118252e+00 Checking number of nodes per cell. Checking number of faces per cell. Checking thread pointers. Checking number of cells per face. Checking face cells. Checking face handedness. Checking element type consistency. Checking boundary types: Checking face pairs. Checking periodic boundaries. Checking node count. Checking nosolve cell count. Checking nosolve face count.

Done.

XY Z Iso-Value Adaption

FLUENT

x x x

FLUENT FLUENT FLUENT

FLUENT

Grid/Info/Size

Grid Information Level Cells Faces Nodes Partitions 0 48 82 35 1 Grid/Info/Zones FAS Grid Information Level Cells Faces Nodes Partitions 0 48 82 35 1 1 18 52 0 1 2 7 37 0 1

3 3 27 0 1 4 1 20 0 1

FLUENT

Grid/Info/Memory Usage UNIX Windows NT UNIX z z heap z Windows NT z RAM heap z Windows NT heap z z z FLUENT heap

z heap Windows NT FLUENT

fl542s.execx332.exe ()fl542.exe () fl_smpi542.exe ()

Grid/Info/Zones Zone sizes: 21280 hexahedral cells, zone 4. 532 quadrilateral velocity-inlet faces, zone 1. 532 quadrilateral pressure-outlet faces, zone 2. 1040 quadrilateral symmetry faces, zone 3. 1040 quadrilateral symmetry faces, zone 7. 61708 quadrilateral interior faces, zone 5. 1120 quadrilateral wall faces, zone 6. 23493 nodes.

Partition

Grid/Info/Partitions menu item.

case data case case

FLUENT

Grid /Scale...

Figure 1:

1.

0.0254 / 0.3048 /

/ 2. Scale

FLUENT 3.

UnScale "Unscaling"( m Scale ) 5 8 2 10 16

x x XY Grid/Translate

Figure 1:

1. 2.

Grid/Merge...

Figure 1:

FLUENT

imposing

1.

2. 3.

case

FLUENT

case

89 90

ID

(Figure 1) Grid/Separate/Faces...

Figure 1:

1. (Angle, Face, Mark, Region) 2. 3. z

z 4. Report Zone not separated. 45 faces in contiguous region 0 30 faces in contiguous region 1 11 faces in contiguous region 2 14 faces in contiguous region 3 Separates zone 4 into 4 zone(s). 5. Separate FLUENT 45 faces in contiguous region 0 30 faces in contiguous region 1 11 faces in contiguous region 2 14 faces in contiguous region 3 Separates zone 4 into 4 zone(s). Updating zone information ... created zone wall-4:001 created zone wall-4:002 created zone wall-4:010 done.

Figure 1:

IDGrid/Separate/Cells..

Figure 2:

1. (Mark Region) 2. 3. 4. Report Zone not separated. Separates zone 14 into two zones, with 1275 and 32 cells. 5. Separate FLUENT Separates zone 14 into two zones, with 1275 and 32 cells. No faces marked on thread, 2 No faces marked on thread, 3 No faces marked on thread, 1 No faces marked on thread, 5 No faces marked on thread, 7 No faces marked on thread, 8 No faces marked on thread, 9 No faces marked on thread, 61 Separates zone 62 into two zones, with 1763 and 58 faces. All faces marked on thread, 4 No faces marked on thread, 66 Moved 20 faces from face zone 4 to zone 6 Updating zone information ... Moved 32 cells from cell zone 14 to zone 10 created zone interior-4 created zone interior-6 created zone fluid-14:010 done.

case Grid/modify-zones/make-periodic IDshadow /grid/modify-zones> mp Periodic zone [()] 1 Shadow zone [()] 4 Rotational periodic? (if no, translational) [yes] n Create periodic zones? [yes] yes computed translation deltas: -2.000000 -2.000000 all 10 faces matched for zones 1 and 4. zone 4 deleted Created periodic zones. matching-tolerance 0.5Grid/modify-zones/matching-tolerance

slit

Grid/modify-zones/slit-periodic ID /grid/modify-zones> sp periodic zone [()] periodic-1 Separated periodic zone.

Fusing

(

Grid/Fuse...

Figure 1:

ID tmerge TGrid ID

1. 2. Fuse

() 0.5

O C FLUENT ()

fuse-face-zonesGrid/modify-zones/fuse-face-zones IDmatching-tolerance

z z

shadow shadow

"slitting""separating"

Grid/modify-zones/slit-face-zone ID /grid/modify-zones> slfz face zone id/name [] wall-4 zone 4 deleted face zone 4 created face zone 10 created case data

DomainZones

Grid/Reorder domain zones Domain

Grid/Reorder/Domain

Grid/Reorder/Print Bandwidth

Cuthill-McKee seed cell Gibbs, Poole, Stockmeyer[57]

ID

>> Reordering domain: zones, cells, faces, done. Bandwidth reduction = 809/21 = 38.52 Done. Maximum cell distance = 21

FLUENT Figure 1 FLUENT case FLUENT "Cartesian Strip"

Figure 1:

z

z z

FLUENT Bisection

( Figure 1) X-, Y-, Z ( Figure 2.) R RX-, RY-, RZ , R-, Theta-, Z-, ( Figure 3) FLUENT ( Figure 4) X-, Y-, Z-( Figure 4) R- Theta-( Figure 5) Rho-, Theta-, Phi-

Figure 1:

Figure 2: X-

Figure 3:

Figure 4: X-

Figure 5: Theta-

pre-testing()

( Figure 1)

( Figure 2.)

Figure 1:

Figure 2: Pretesting FLUENT

1. 2.

3.

4. / Grid/Partition...

Figure 1:

1. 2. Number 3. 4. Do 5. Pre-Test 6. Zones / Registers / 7.

Verbosity 1 2 ID Verbosity 0

Print Partitions ID

Default FLUENT

Default Reset Reset Default Reset Default

ID 0 3 (10) 1 2 (19) 10 19 >> Partitions: P Cells I-Cells Cell Ratio Faces I-Faces Face Ratio Neighbors 0 134 10 0.075 217 10 0.046 1 1 137 19 0.139 222 19 0.086 2 2 134 19 0.142 218 19 0.087 2 3 137 10 0.073 223 10 0.045 1 ------ Partition count = 4 Cell variation = (134 - 137) Mean cell variation = ( -1.1% - 1.1%) Intercell variation = (10 - 19) Intercell ratio variation = ( 7.3% - 14.2%) Global intercell ratio = 10.7% Face variation = (217 - 223) Interface variation = (10 - 19) Interface ratio variation = ( 4.5% - 8.7%) Global interface ratio = 3.4% Neighbor variation = (1 - 2) Computing connected regions; type ^C to interrupt. Connected region count = 4

5 Figures 1 Cell Info...()

FLUENT

File/Import/Partition/Metis...FLUENT

tfilter partition input-filename partition-count output-filenamepartition-count

METIS METIS Minnesota Army HPC Karypis Kumar METIS [79]

FLUENT

repeating, and pole boundaries:() ()

(Figure 1)


Figure 1:

: 1.

2. 3.

(

),

(.)

Figure 1:

FLUENT

1.2. Set...1.

2..

1.2.

pressure-inlet-7

small-inlet large-inlet() 1. 2. Set...3. 4. OK

(UDF)

FLUENT

FLUENT FLUENT z z z

z

z

z

z

z

z

z

FLUENT

z Spalart-Allmaras

m_t/m FLUENT

z k-e K Epsilon Turb. Kinetic EnergyTurb. Dissipation Rate

z K Epsilon Turb. Kinetic EnergyTurb. Dissipation Rate

I u_avg u^' 1% 10%

0.05%.

( ) 81Re16.0 HD

avguuI

50000 4% l l

L Ll 07.0=

L 0.07 L

L

Ll 07.0= L l z

L=D_H z

L z

d_99 l l=0.4 d_99 m_t/m (Re_t ?k^2/(e n))Re_t

(100 1000) m_t/m 1 < m_t/m

k e E m_t/m k

12

=

tkC

C 0.09

k e

/

LkU

k k ( k 10%), U

L Equation 9

k U ?k/?x = - e. e 7 m_t/m

FLUENT e

K Epsilon 3 I k

RSM k

0=jiuu

kuu32=

( a ). K FLUENT

LES LES .

/

z z z z z z ( P-1 DTRM DO ) z () z ( PDF ) z () z () z () (Figure 1)

Figure 1:

(p_s^')(p_s^' or p_0^') r_0 g x FLUENT

ss pgxp += 0

xpg

xp ss +=

0 (r - r_0)g

(p^'_s)

Gauge Total Pressure field Total Temperature field

20 vpp s +=

( )1

20 2

11

+= Mpp s

p_0 = p_s = M = c = (c_p/c_v)

1 v 1 3 1 3

x, y, z ()

Figure 1 1. 2.

3. 3

(X, Y, Z)

z z z z

Figure 1:

4. z X, Y, (in 3D)

Z z

z

X, Y, Z

(termed the Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure)

FLUENT Supersonic/Initial Gauge PressureSupersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure

P-1 DTRM DO (Rosseland )

PDF/

PDF

VOFcavitation VOF cavitation Gauge Total Pressure 0 Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure 0 Total Temperature 300 X-Component of Flow Direction 1 Y-Component of Flow Direction 0 Z-Component of Flow Direction 0 Turb. Kinetic Energy 1 Turb. Dissipation Rate 1

FLUENT

FLUENT p_0

20 21 vpp s +=

( )1

2

0

00

211

+=++ Mpppp

ps

p

sRTv

cvM ==

p_op p_0^' p_s^' ( ) sps RTpp 0+=

R

202

11 MTTs

+=

FLUENT

z z z z Outflow gauge pressure (for calculations with the coupled solvers) z z ( P-1 DTRM DO ) z z PDE z z z ()

Figure 1:

FLUENT 1. 2. 3. 4.

z X, Y,

() Z z ,

z

X, Y, Z- X, Y, Z- Figure 1

z X, Y,

() Z z z

z

X, Y, Z- X, Y, Z-

W W

W, v_q W r r FLUENT v_q W r

( RAMPANT


PDF/

PDF

VOFcavitation VOF cavitation

Temperature 300 Velocity Magnitude 0 X-Component of Flow Direction 1 Y-Component of Flow Direction 0 Z-Component of Flow Direction 0 X-Velocity 0 Y-Velocity 0 Z-Velocity 0 Turb. Kinetic Energy 1 Turb. Dissipation Rate 1 Outflow Gauge Pressure 0 FLUENT FLUENT

= dAvm &

FLUENT

Outflow Gauge Pressure field

/

/

z z z z z z ( P-1 DTRM DO ) z z PDE z z

Figure 1:

FLUENT 1. 2. (2p-radian) 1-radian Mass Flux (2p-radian) 1-radian

(termed the Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure)

FLUENT Supersonic/Initial Gauge PressureSupersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure

Figure 1 1. 2.

3. 3 (X, Y, Z)

z X, Y, () Z

z ,


PDF/

PDF

Mass Flow-Rate 1 Total Temperature 300 Supersonic/Initial Gauge Pressure 0 X-Component of Flow Direction 1 Y-Component of Flow Direction 0 Z-Component of Flow Direction 0 Turb. Kinetic Energy 1 Turb. Dissipation Rate 1

m(dot) r v ()FLUENT

Amv&=

r v r v

RTp = v r v r k v

z z z z z z ( P-1 DTRM DO ) z z PDE z z z () z

Figure 1: FLUENT D p

2

21 vkp L =

r k_L D p

z z z z z z ( P-1 DTRM DO ) z z PDE z z z () z

Figure 1:

gauge

FLUENT z z z z z z PDE z z () z ( P-1 DTRM DO ) z

Figure 1:

Gauge

FLUENT gauge

rv

rp 2

r v_q z z

z

z PDF

z

z

VOF Cavitation ASM z Gauge

1 1 3


Default settings (in SI) for pressure outlet boundary conditions are as follows: Gauge Pressure 0 Backflow Total Temperature 300 Backflow Turb. Kinetic Energy 1 Backflow Turb. Dissipation Rate 1

FLUENT p_s

FLUENT

20

z z z z z z ( P-1 DTRM DO ) z z Figure 1

Figure 1:

Gauge X, Y ()Z


Default settings (in SI) for pressure far-field boundary conditions are as follows: Gauge Pressure 0 Mach Number 0.6 Temperature 300 X-Component of Flow Direction 1 Y-Component of Flow Direction 0 Z-Component of Flow Direction 0 Turb. Kinetic Energy 1 Turb. Dissipation Rate 1

12=

cVR n

12= i

nicVR

i

V_n c c ? i

( )+= RRV ini 21

( )= RRc i41

V_n c V_n, c,

FLUENT FLUENT

z z z FLUENT FLUENT z z

FLUENT

FLUENT /

z

(D)(C)

Figure 1: z (B)

(B)

z (A)FLUENT FLUENT (FLUENT )

FLUENT

Figure 1: The Outflow Panel

weightingrateflowofsumboundaryonspecifiedweightingrateflow

boundarythroughflowpercentage =

1FLUENT 75% 25% 0.75 0.25 0.75 1 Boundary 1 = 0.75/0.75+1.0 = 0.429 42.9%

Boundary 2 = 1.0/0.75+1.0 = 0.571 57.1% P-1 DTRM DO 1 300

z z z z z z PDE z z () z ( P-1 DTRM DO ) z z Figure 1

Figure 1:

D p v

2

21 vkp L =

r k_L D p

z z z z z z PDE z

z () z ( P-1 DTRM DO ) z z Figure 1

Figure 1: The Exhaust Fan Panel FLUENT

( FLUENT ) z z z z z z z ( P-1 DTRM DO ) z FLUENT z z z z z / Figure 1

Figure 1:

1 3

FLUENT 1

FLUENT

D x/k k D x 2 T_b

Figure 2:

FLUENT z (

)

z () 3 T_b1 T_b2 k_w1 k_w2 3

Figure 3:

Figure 1:

(X,Y,Z )

(0,0,0)(X,Y,Z) z x (0,0) () / FLUENT x, y, z

Figure 1:

(1/k)( B)

Byu

Euu p

w

p

=

**

ln1

u^* = C_m^1/4k^1/2 B B () B K_s ^+ = r K_s u^*/m K_s u^* = C_m^1/4k^1/2 B K_s^+ K_s^+ z (K_s^+ < 3 ~ 5) z (3 ~ 5 < K_s^+ < 70 ~ 90) z (K_s^+ > 70 ~ 90)

FLUENT B Nikuradse's [27] Cebeci Bradshaw

(K_s^+ < 2.25) 0=B

(2.25 < K_s^+ < 90)

( ){ }811.0ln4258.0sin25.87

25.2ln1

+= +++

ssKs KKCKB

s C_K_s

(K_s^+ > 90)

( )++= sK KCB s1ln1 B (K_s^+) 1

K_s C_K_s K_s K_s(D_50)K_s

(C_K_s)(C_K_s = 0.5) k-e Nikuradse's(C_K_s = 0.5 ~ 1.0) C_K_s K_s FLUENT Dirichlet 1.

Figure 1:

2. Dirichle FLUENT

P-1 DTRM DO (Rosseland FLUENT 1 DO )

FLUENT FLUENT

nv

w =

( ) radfwf qTThq += h_f = T_w = T_f = q^"= q^"_rad= 1 9

( ) radswn qTTnkq +=

k_s = T_s = D n = FLUENT 1

ff

radw Th

qqT +=

( )s

n

radw Tk

nqqT +=

FLUENT heat sink

( ) ( )wextextradswf TThqTThq =+= h_ext = T_ext = q^"_rad =

( ) ( )44 westradswf TTqTThq =+= e_ext= s=Stefan-Boltzmann T_w = T_?=sink q^"_rad= Equation 1

( ) ( ) ( )44 wextwextestradfwf TTTThqTThq +=+= Equation 1 Fourier FLUENT

wall

f nTkq =

n FLUENT [93] / 1 FLUENT

z z

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

/FLUENT FLUENT4 FLUENT4 FLUENT4

Figure 1:

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

Figure 3:

() Grid/Check

FLUENT FLUENT4

Figure 1:

FLUENT

k-e Spalart-Allmaras DO

Figure 1:

k-e Spalart-Allmaras /

z z x (0,0) () X, Y, Z DO

DO

Figure 1:

z z x (0,0) ()

X, Y, Z

DO

/

z

FLUENT

z (Darcy)

= =

+=3

1

3

1 21

j jjjijjiji vvCvDS

S_i i (x, y, or z)D C

jjii vvCvS

21

2+= a C_2 D C 1/a C_2 FLUENT

( )i

CC

ji vvCvCS1

0011 ==

C_0 C_1 C_0 Darcy C_2 Darcy

=p

=

=3

1jxj

xjx nvp

=

=3

1jyj

yjy nvp

=

=3

1jzj

zjz nvp

1/a_ij 1 D v_j D n_x D n_y D n_z

1/a_ij .

1 C_2

=

= 3

12 2

1j

jjiji

vvCxp

=

=3

12 2

1j

jjxxjx vvnCp

=

=3

12 2

1j

jjxyjy vvnCp

=

=3

12 2

1j

jjxzjz vvnCp

FLUENT

( )( ) ( )( ) hshf

k

iik

jjj

iieff

ifif

issff

SSxu

DtDpJh

xxTk

xhu

xhh

t

++

++

=

+

1

1

h_f= h_s= f= k_eff= S^h_f= S^h_s= k_eff

( ) sfeff kkk += 1 f= k_f= k_t k_s=

FLUENT

k-e Spalart-Allmaras m_t FLUENT m_t 1. 2. 3. 3 1/a_ij

3 C_2_ij 4. 5.

6. 7. / / 5 C_0 C_1

Figure 1:

//

/ z 1. z 1 2

(0,0)(0,0,0)(X,Y)(X,Y,Z)

z 1. "Snap"

2. 3.

FLUENT 1

z 1. 2. (0,0,0)

(X,Y,Z)FLUENT

3. () 0.

Figure 1:

z

1.

2. FLUENT

z 1. "Snap"

2. 3.

FLUENT

2. 1/a C_2 1 2 3q z

z

z

FLUENT 100% 1/a_ij / C_2_ij FLUENT C_2 25% 0.5%25 K_L 0.5

= 2 %2521

openL vKp

C_2 FLUENT 1. 100% 2. K_L' 100%

= 2 %10021

openL vKp v_25% open = 4 v_100% open,

8145.0

2

2%100

2%25 =

==

open

openLL v

vKK

8 1.0 mm

132 800010

8

=== mthickness

KC L

Ergun [49]

( ) ( )VvDD

ppp

33

2

2175.11150

+=

Blake-Kozeny[49]

( ) 3

2

21150 =

pDp

m D_p e Darcy 1 9 1

( )232

1150 =

pD

( )32

15.3=

pDC

Van Winkle [146][121]

( ) ( )( )212 Pf AACAm = & m(dot)= A_f= A_p=)

C= D/t D/t= t/D > 1.6 Re > 4000 C 0.98 17

pAm =& D x = t

( )tAA

Cv

xp fp 11

21

2

22

= v 1 C_2

( )tAA

CC fp

112

22

= Blake-Kozeny( 11)[70] f Q 0.262 0.25 0.258 0.26 0.221 0.40 0.218 0.41 0.172 0.80

Q = 2a a Darcy 1 5 C_0 C_1 C_0 C_1 f 1.0

1.0 /FLUENT FLUENT bulk k-e Spalart-Allmaras a C_2 gauge FLUENT 1/a_ij C_2_i,j 1000 XY z X,Y,Z

z

FLUENT FLUENT

=

=N

n

nnvfp

1

1

D p Paf_n v v

=

=N

n

nn NvfU

1

61;

=

=N

n

nnr NvgU

161;

U_q U_r m/sf_n g_n r

Figure 1:

1. 2. 3. 4. /

FLUENT Define/Boundary Conditions... 1. 2.

3.

Figure 1:

4. / 1. 2. 3. D p

1. 2. D p 1. 2. D p

22.0m 0.4m 15 m/s

Figure 2:

2000rpm Q (m^3/s)D p (Pa) 250.0 20175 15350 10525 5700 0875 Q D p 1.0 0.4 v (m/s)D p (Pa) 62.50.0 50.0175 37.5350 25.0525 12.5700 0875

vp 14875=

1. 2.

3. 61 10 4. 1. 2. 1 f_n

3 g_n f_-1 f_0 (1/r)

1. 2. 3. U_q U_r 1. 2. U_q U_r 1. 2. 1. ()

2.

1.

2. XY

FLUENT FLUENT

FLUENT D p v

2

21 vkp L =

r k_L

=

=N

n

nnL vrk

1

1

r_n v

( )exitHX TThq = q T_HX T_exit

h

70;0

==

NvhhN

n

nn

h_n v m/s

qh, T_HXq

1

h v

( )exitHXp TThATcm

q == &

q=(W/m^2) m(dot)=(kg/s) c_p=(J/kg-K) h=(W/m^2K) T_exit=(K) T_HX=()(K) A=(m^2) 5

( ) ( )exitHXinletexitp TThATTcm

q == &

h ( )( )exitHX

inletexitp

TTATTcm

h = &

( )

( )exitHXinletexitp

TTTTc

h =

Figure 1:

1. 2. 3. 4. / FLUENT Define/Boundary Conditions...

k_L

1.

2.

Figure 1:

4. 5. k_L

Figure 2: r

7 kg/min 400.0 K(1/2)r v^2 D p k_L 1 ( 2 1.0 kg/m^3) VelocityInlet TempExit TempPressure Drop (m/s)(K)(K)(Pa) 5.0300.0330.075.0 10.0300.0322.5250.0 15.0300.0320.0450.0

v (m/s)(1/2)r v^2 (Pa)D p (Pa)k_L 5.012.575.06.0 10.050.0250.05.0 15.0112.5450.04.0

vkL 2.00.7 = v

qh, T_HX

0 T_HX

1.

2.

1. 2. h 1.0 kg/m^31000 J/kg-K) h Velocityh (m/s)(W/m^2K) 5.02142.9 10.02903.2 15.03750.0

273.111.1261.1469 vh ++= v

1. ()

2.

1 xy z 3 1 z z XY

/robust

Darcy

mvCvp

+= 22 21

m a C_2 v D m C_2

Figure 1:

1. 2. 1 3. D m 4. C_2

5.

/Define/Boundary Conditions...

FLUENT () ] FLUENT FLUENT

Figure 1: 4 2

FLUENT

2min2

1AmUfs

p =

ps

=

f= r_m= U_A_min=

( ) ( )c

cec AAfKKf ++= 22 11

s= K_c= K_e= A= A_c= f_c= 3

bafc minRe= a= b= Re_min= 5

m

hA DU

min

minRe =

r_m=

m_m= D_h= U_A_min=

=AALD ch 4

U_A_min

UUA =min

U s

( ) ( )cellinairpcell TTcmq = & where e= (m(dot) c_p)_air=( T__in= T_cell=

=marcoincellsallcellmarco qq

=cosmarallmarcoltotal qq

1 T ( ) ( )inoutcoolantpmarco TTcmq = & T__in T__out T__out Macro 0 1 1357 1 7

z e

z (m(dot) c_p) z z z 1. Define/odels/nergy... 2. Define/ser-Defined/eat

Exchanger...

Figure 1:

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

1 1 1.

2.

3.

1 0 n-1n

Figure 1:3 4

Figure 2:

7 (m(dot) c_p z FLUENT 5 q_total. FLUENT 1

7 T__in z 1. 2. 1 7 T__in z FLUENT z z case FLUENT 1.

Figure 1:

2. 3. 3 Min Flow to Face Area Ratio (s) Entrance Loss Coefficient (K_c) Exit Loss Coefficient (K_e) Air Side Surface Area (A) Min Cross Section Flow Area (A_c) 5 the Core Friction Coefficient Core Friction Exponent a b 4. 1 n

z z

1. 2.

5. /

("modelname" (0.73 0.43 0.053 5.2 0.33 9.1 0.66) ((1 1.0 .6234) (2 2.0 0.5014) (3 3.5 0.3932)

(4 5.0 0.3244) (5 6.5 0.2762) (6 8.0 0.2405) (7 10.0 0.2050) (8 12.0 0.1785) (9 15.0 0.1495)))

modelname(s K_c K_e A A_c a b) (point velocity effectiveness) 1. 2. HXC OKFLUENT

define/models/heat-exchanger/heat-exchanger-report1

FLUENT z n1 i n

FLUENT

z n (x_i,y_i,v_i)1 i n

z m n 1 i n 1 j m

z (r_i,v_i)1 i n z (0,0) z z (0,0) x z

z

z

"fields" fields tab || ((profile1-name point|line|radial n) (field1-name a1 a2 ... an) (field2-name b1 b2 ... bn) . . . (fieldf-name f1 f2 ... fn)) ((profile2-name mesh m n) (field1-name a11 a12 ... a1n a21 a22 ... a2n . . . am1 am2 ... amn) . . . (fieldf-name f11 f12 ... f1n f21 f22 ... f2n .

. . fm1 fm2 ... fmn))

xy z r Scheme

k e ke ((turb-prof point 8) (x 4.00000E+00 4.00000E+00 4.00000E+00 4.00000E+00 4.00000E+00 4.00000E+00 4.00000E+00 4.00000E+00 ) (y 1.06443E-03 3.19485E-03 5.33020E-03 7.47418E-03 2.90494E-01 3.31222E-01 3.84519E-01 4.57471E-01 ) (u 5.47866E+00 6.59870E+00 7.05731E+00 7.40079E+00 1.01674E+01 1.01656E+01 1.01637E+01 1.01616E+01 ) (tke 4.93228E-01 6.19247E-01 5.32680E-01 4.93642E-01 6.89414E-03 6.89666E-03 6.90015E-03 6.90478E-03 ) (eps 1.27713E+02 6.04399E+01 3.31187E+01 2.21535E+01 9.78365E-03 9.79056E-03 9.80001E-03 9.81265E-03 ) ) 1. 2. 1 File/Read/Profile...

3.

Define/Profiles...

Figure 1:

x y y

Figure 1:

z XY Y

z

FLUENT FLUENT

1. 2.

Figure 1: The Orient Profile Panel 3. 4.

5.

1. 2. Compute From.... xy z

0

6. 1. 2. Compute From.... xy z

7.

1. 2. 3. Compute From....

8. Orient To... 9. Orient To... X'Y' Z'X'Y' Z'

000xyz.

X'Y' Z'

4.

5.

6. FLUENT

X'Y'Z' 10

z

1 (m(dot)/V) = (r_j A_j v_j/V)(m(dot) v/V) = (m(dot) v_j/V) V

z

z

z

Figure 1: Defining a Source for a Tiny Inlet

()

SI

1. 2. z

z

z

z

kg/m^3-s S_m

h2o2 kg/m^3-s 1 S_i^'

XY / Z N/m^3 F_i

W/m^3

1 S_h

k e k kg/m-s^3e kg/m-s^4

k k-e 1

e k-e 3

1

/

1

FLUENT

(

FLUENT "materials"

(site-wide)

case case

1( 1)

Define/Materials...

1. 2.

) 3. 4. /

/

1. 2.

3. 4. /

Yes No

/

(site-wide)

[106][134][176] 1.

Figure 1:

2. 3.

4.

5.

6.

1.

2. 3. 4. / No

OK OK case

1. 2. 3. Delete

airco2o

( ) ...2321 +++= TATAAT

( ) ( )nnn

nnn TTTT

T +=

++1

1

1 n N N :

( )( ) ...:

...:2

3212max,2min,

23211max,1min,

+++=

Kelvin Rankine Celsius Kelvin Kelvin Fahrenheit Rankine Rankine

1. 1 density

Figure 1:

2. 8 A_1

3. 1, 2, 3,... 1 A_1,A_2, A_3,...

( ) TT 02.01000= 1. 1 Viscosity

Figure 1: 2. 3. 1

30

Figure 2: m (T)

1. 1 Viscosity

Figure 1:

2. 1

( ) 4103623 10000.410297.110966.1874.1929.429:1000300

TTTTTcTfor

p ++=

2.

(air fluid (chemical-formula . #f) (density (constant . 1.225) (premixed-combustion 1.225 300)) (specific-heat (constant . 1006.43)) (thermal-conductivity (constant . 0.0242)) (viscosity (constant . 1.7894e-05) (sutherland 1.7894e-05 273.11 110.56) (power-law 1.7894e-05 273.11 0.666)) (molecular-weight (constant . 28.966)) ) (aluminum (solid) (chemical-formula . al) (density (constant . 2719)) (specific-heat (constant . 871)) (thermal-conductivity (constant . 202.4)) (formation-entropy (constant . 164448.08)) )

FLUENT FLUENT propdb.scm

propdb.scm cortex/lib propdb.scm

FLUENT /

1Define/Materials...

FLUENT z z

1. 2.

3.

4. Boussinesq

z

z Boussinesq

1 1.225 kg/m^3 Boussinesq

Boussinesq 1 Boussinesq Boussinesq

( ) ( )nnn

nnn TTTT

T +=

++

1

1

( )( ) ...:

...:2

3212max,2min,

23211max,1min,

+++=

FLUENT

RTpop=

R p_op 1. 1

2. Define/Operating Conditions...101325 Pa

3. 1

RTppop +=

p FLUENT p_op 1. 1

2. Define/Operating Conditions... 1 101325 Pa

3. 1

1. z 1

volume-weighted-mixing-law z 1

z 1

2. / 3. volume-weighted-mixing-law

FLUENT

=

ii

im

1

m_i'r_i' i'

+=i

i

i

op

MmRT

pp

p FLUENT R m_i^' i^'M_i^' i^'p_op FLUENT

=

ii

i

op

MmRT

p

R m_i^' i^'M_i^' i^'p_op

FLUENT z z / z z

z

1 Define/Materials...

FLUENT m kg/m-s lbm/ft-sFLUENT n 1 1.7894 ?10^-5 kg/m-s FLUENT 5 z

( ) ( )nnn

nnn TTTT

T +=

++1

1

z ( )( ) ...:

...:2

3212max,2min,

23211max,1min,

+++=

2231

CTTC+=

kg/m-s KC_1 C_2 C_1 = 1.458 ?10^-6 kg/m-s-K^1/2C_2 = 110.4 K. Sutherland

STST

TT

++

= 0

23

00

m kg/m-sT Km_0 kg/m-s, T_0 KS K Sutherland m_0 = 1.716?10^-5 kg/m-sT_0 = 273 KS = 111 K Sutherland sutherland Sutherland 1. 2. C1 C2 m_0

T_0 S Sutherland

nBT= m kg/m-sT KB B = 4.093?10^-7n = 2/3

n

TT

=

00

m kg/m-sT Km_0 kg/m-sm_0 = 1.716?10^-5 kg/m-sT_0 = 273 Kn = 2/3 1. 2. B n m_0

T_0 n

=

261067.2 MT

m kg/m-sT Kelvins W_m = W_m (T^*)

( )kTT =

*

1 Lennard-Jones s e/k 1 1. mass-weighted-mixing-law

ideal-gas-mixing-law 2. / 3.

=

i i jii

ii

XX

21

2

41

21

18

1

+

+

=

j

i

i

j

j

i

ji

MM

MM

X_i^' i^'

=i

iim

S& =

i

j

j

i

xu

xuS

+=&

m S(dot) S(dot) h ( )[ ]SS && = FLUENT z z pseudo-plastics Carreau [161]

SSkeSke nTT

nTT

&&&

== 1

00

10 = nTT

Ske & FLUENT

max1

min

0

Figure 1:

N n = 1 n > 1 n < 1 k n T_0 h_min h_max Carreau

( )[ ] SSkeSS nTT &&&&

== 1

0

0, 0S & ,S & 0 Carreau (n < 1)

( )( ) 212

0

0

1

++=

n

TT

Se &

nlT_0 0 L n T_0 0 0 0

Figure 1: Carreau

Carreau carreau Carreau

l n T_0 0

FLUENT z z / z z z / 1 Define/Materials... W/m-K BTU/hr-ft-R 1 0.0242 W/m-K FLUENT z

( ) ( )nnn

nnn TTTT

kkkTk +=

++1

1

z ( )( ) ...:

...:2

3212max,2min,

23211max,1min,

+++=

21

2

41

21

18

1

+

+

=

j

i

i

j

j

i

ji

MM

MM

X_i^' i^'.

=i

ii kmk

FLUENT

jiji x

Tkq =

(e(hat)_x,e(hat)_h,e(hat)_z)(k_x,k_h,k_z)

jijijiij eekeekeekk ++=

Figure 1: (e(hat)_x,e(hat)_h, e(hat)_z)

e(hat)_x 0 XYZ e(hat)_h 1 XYZ 0(k_x)(k_h) 2 (k_z) (k_x,k_h)(e(hat)_x)

ijij ekk = k e(hat)_ij 2 2

3 3

Figure 1: e(hat)_ij K

FLUENT z z / z 1 Cp Define/Materials... J/kg-K BTU/lbm-R 1 Cp 1006.43 J/kg-K. z

( ) ( )nnn

npnp

nppTT

TTcc

cTc +=

++1

1

z ( )( ) ...:

...:2

3212max,2min,

23211max,1min,

+++=

DO 3 n_a n_b DO

DO non-gray 1/length CO_2 H_2O 1

FLUENT a a FLUENT variable-absorption-coefficient weighted-sum-of-gray-gases(WSGGM) 1 wsggm-cell-basedwsggm-domain-based wsggm-user-specified WSGGM wsggm

WSGGM Weighted-Sum-of-Gray-Gase 1 s beam

z wsggm-cell-based characteristic-cell-size

z wsggm-domain-baseda mean-beam-length

FLUENT z wsggm-user-specified mean-beam-length

WSGGM wsggm-user-specified

DO DO DO band

FLUENT P-1 DO

WSGGM

0

1/length

1

DO Delta-Eddington

FLUENT

P-1 3 C

Delta-Eddington delta-eddington Delta-Eddington 1 f C

3 F^* f

1 DO

Radiation... a s_s Radiation

Fick

i

imii x

mDJ = ,

,i jD i^'

,i mD

FLUENT FLUENT ,i mD

,i jD i^' j^' ,i jD

,i mD

=ijj jij

imi DX

XD,

,1

,i jD i^' j^' iX i^'

,i mD ,i jD

Fick 1

i

i

t

imii x

mSc

DJ

+= ,

tSc Schmidt

t

tt

DSc =

tD

,i mD Schmidt 3

m_t

Fick i^' ,i mD

1

z ,N mD

,i mD

z ,i mD ,N mD

z i^' j^' ,i jD

,i mD

,i jD ,i jD Fick 3

i^' ,i mD ,i jD Define/Materials...

m^2/s ft^2/s 1. constant-dilute-appx

2. ,i mD

1. dilute-approx 2.

Figure 1:

3. ,i mD

z

z

K+++= 2321, TATAAD mi 4. 2 3 Di

1. 2. ,i jD i'

j i' j

Figure 1:

3. ,i jD

z

z

K+++= 2321, TATAAD ji 4. 2 3 Di Dj

1. 2. / 3. Lennard-Jones s_i^'(e/k)_i^'

Djiop

jiiji p

MMT

D

+

=

2

,

21

3

,

11

0188.0

W_D = W_D (T^*_D)p_op

( ) jiD kTT

=

*

( ) ( ) ( ) jiji kkk = ( )jiji += 21

,i mD ,i jD

Schmidt Sc_t Schmidt 3 Schmidt Schmidt 0.7

Schmidt Schmidt Define/Models/Viscous...

j^'h^0_j^'

+= jT

T jpjj jrefdTchmH

,,

0

T_ref,j^' h_j^'^0 J/kgmol BTU/lbmol

1

Arrhenius j^'

+=j

T

T

jpjj

jrefdT

Tc

smS,

,0

T_ref,j^' s_j^'^0 J/kgmol-K

BTU/lbmol-R

1

1 c k/r c_p c[86] 1D 1

z z z z

1 e/k Lennard-Jones FLUENT

1

3 s_i (e/k)_i 1. Cp

2.

z L-J z L-J z

Angstroms

[65]

M

101325 Pa

Figure 1:

Define/Operating Conditions...

FLUENT

(000)XYZDefine/Operating Conditions...

FLUENT FLUENT FLUENT ,

FLUENT

FLUENT FLUENT FLUENT

FLUENT

FLUENT FLUENT

FLUENT PDF

( ) mii

Suxt

=+

S_m

( ) ( ) mSrvv

xu

xt=

++

i [8]

( ) ( ) iij

ij

iji

ji Fgxx

puux

ut

+++

=+

p t_ij r g_i F_i i F_i

ijl

l

i

j

j

iij x

uxu

xu

+

=32

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )

xFxv

rur

rr

vxur

xrxpvur

rruur

xru

t

+

+

+

+

=+

+

21

322111

v

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) rFr

wvrr

v

vxvr

rrru

xvr

xrrpvvr

rruvr

xrv

t

+++

+

+

+

=+

+

2

2 322

3221111

v

v

rv

rv

xuv +

+= v

w

FLUENT /

FLUENT

z z

Figure 1:

FLUENT

( ) ( )( ) ( ) heffijjj

jji

effi

ii

SuJhxTk

xpEu

xE

t+

+

=+

+

k_eff k + k_t, k_t J_j^' j^'S_h

2

2iuphE +=

=j

jj hmh

phmh

jjj +=

5 7 m_j^' j^'

= TT jpj ref dTch , T_ref 298.15 K. PDF PDF FLUENT

( ) ( ) hi

iik

ip

i

ii

i

Sxu

xH

ck

xHu

xH

t+

+

=

+

Lewis 1 H

=j

jj HmH m_j^' j^'

( ) += T jT jrefjjpj ref ThdTcH , ,0, ( )0 ,j ref jh T T_ref,j^' j^'

1 define/models/energy?

1 PDF 1 FLUENT Brinkman Br

TkUBr e=

2

D T

Br 1FLUENT

1 PDF 1

jjj

i

Jhx

1

PDF PDF 1

1 S_h

+=

jj

T

jT jpj

jreactionh RdTcM

hS ref

ref ,,

0

,

h^o_j^' j^'R_j^' j^' PDF PDF

5 S_h .

1 PDF 1 S_h

S_h FLUENT

( ) ( ) qxTk

xhu

xh

t iii

i

+

=

+ &

r = h = integral_T_ref^T c_p dT k = T = q(dot)^"' =

1 u_i 1

FLUENT

iij

i xTk

x

k_ij

FLUENT define/models/energy?

FLUENT /

1.

Define/Models ?Energy...

Figure 1: 2. ()

FLUENT / 1 Define/Models/Viscous...

3. Define/Boundary Conditions...

z z z z z

300 K 4. Define/Materials...

FLUENT 5000 K 1 K

5000 KSolve/Controls/Limits...

Fluent

FLUENT Solve/Controls/Solution...

PDF

FLUENT 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0

PDF FLUENT FLUENT 1.0

Define/Models/Species...

FLUENT

Solve/Controls/Solution...

FLUENT z z z z z z

z z z z z z z z Nusselt z Stanton

11

Report/Fluxes...

Report/Surface Integrals...

= AdVHQ vv

hReport/Surface Integrals...

Fluent

Grashof Reynolds

22Re vghGr

=

Rayleigh

3TLgRa =

T=

1

pck

= Rayleigh 10^8 10^8 10^10 Boussinesq

Boussinesq

( ) ( )gTTg 000 r_0 T_0 b

Boussinesq r_0 (1 - b D T) r . Boussinesq Boussinesq

Boussinesq

1. Define/Models/Energy... 2.

Define/Operating Conditions

Figure 1: FLUENT 3. 4. Boussinesq z Boussinesq

1.

2. Define/Materials...

z Boussinesq 1. Boussinesq 1 T_0 2. Boussines

3. Boussinesq

Boussinesq

5.

3 FLUENT p^'Define/Boundary Conditions...

6. Solve/Controls/Solution... PRESTO!

Boussinesq r_0

( )g0 FLUET

ss pgxp += 0

gxps =

( )gxps

0 =

FLUENT

p_s^' p_s r_0 p_s p_s^'

bulk

Boussinesq

Rayleigh

(Ra > 10^8) 1. 10^7 2.

3.

4. [62] 1. 2. [14]

( )TLg

LRaLUL

==

21

2

Pr~

L U D t

4=t

D t mp 3. f t = 0.05--0.09 t

Boussinesq

FLUENT

L

Figure 1:

z z

z z z z z z

z z

z z

2.

3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

( ) ( ) ( ) Lvvvvv =+=+= LruLruru 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) Lvvvvv =+=+= LrvLrvrv 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) Lvvvvv =+=+= LrwLrwrw 2

L 1

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) Lvvvvvvv =++=+= LrpLrpLrprpp 2 D p

?p (r) b (L/|L|)

( ) ( )rpLLrp vvvv

v +=

(p (r))(b |r|) b B SIMPLE, SIMPLEC, PISO b

(Figure 1)Define/Periodic Conditions...

Figure 1:

1.

2. / z

2p z

3. XY Z

4. b FLUENT b

b b bB SIPLE SIMPLEC b b 2

b

1. (Figure 1)


Figure 1: 2. D p

per/pr-grad

p FLUENT 5 p (r)

FLUENT b

Figure 1:

FLUENT FLUENT

[119]

( )wallinletbulk

wall

TTTrT

=,

v

T_bulk,inlet

=

A

Ainletbulk AdVd

AdVdTT vv

vv

,

A q L

1. Define/Models/Energy... 2. T_wall



4. 1 Define/Materials...

5. Define/Periodic Conditions...

1. Solve/Controls/Solution... 2.

3. 4.

exitbulkwall

inletbulkwall

TTTT

,

,

=

per/bulk-temp-ratio

FLUENT FLUENT 1

Figure 1:

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) .2 =++=+L

LrTLrTL

LrTrTvvvvvvv

L s Q

LTT

LcmQ inletbulkexitbulkp

,, == &

m(dot)

1. Define/Models/Energy... 2.

Define/Boundary Conditions... 3.

Define/Boundary Conditions... 4. 1

Define/Materials... 5. Define/Periodic Conditions...

FLUENT

z z z z z

( ) ( ) ( )

rvw

rw

rr

rr

xwr

xrvwr

rruwr

xrw

t

+

=

++

32

1

111

x r u v w

/

MRF

( r w or r^2 W = constant) w r w r

Figure 1: Typical Radial Distribution of w in a Free Vortex

rw

rp 2=

FLUENT

w / r W Figure 2

Figure 2: Figure 1

RNG k-e k-e

=dAuvR

dArwvS

R(bar) S < 0.5RNG k-e k-e k-e

k-e S > 0.5RSM RSM

x y=0

FLUENT

Figure 1:

Figure 2:

1.

Define/Models ?Solver... 2. r WDefine/Boundary Conditions...

z PRESTO!

z z 0.3--0.5

0.8--1.0 z

z

1. /

2. / 3. /

4.

5.

FLUENT 1.

10% 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

z z

D p /p FLUENT

Figure 1:

Figure 2: 0.675

cuM = c

RTc = c c_p/c_v

M < 0.1FLUENT

p_0 T_0

120

211

+= M

pps

20

211 M

TTs

+=

1 1 p_s/p_0 0.5283

Fluent FLUENT 1

( ) sop RTpp = p_op p T_s FLUENT 1. Define/Operating Conditions...

p_op p 2. Define/Models ?Energy... 3.

Define/Models/Viscous... 4. Define/Materials...

1. 2.


z

z

z 0.2 0.3 z 0.1 SIMPLE

SIMPLEC PISO z

FLUENT

z

z

z z z

FLUENT

( ) mii

Suxt

=+

S_m

( ) ( ) mSrvv

xu

xt=

++

x r u v i

( ) ( ) iii

jij

i Fgxpuu

xu

t++

=+

p r g_i F_i i F_i

( ) ( ) ( ) xFxpvur

rruur

xru

t+

=+

+ 11 :

( ) ( ) ( ) rFrpvvr

rruvr

xrv

t+

=+

+ 11

rv

rv

xuv +

+= v

( ) ( )( ) hj

jji

ii

SJhx

pEux

Et

+=+

+

1. Define/Models/Viscous... 2. Define/Boundary Conditions... Define/Materials... 3.

Courant Courant

Courant Solve/Controls/Solution...

FLUENT z z z z

Figure 1: Time = 3.66 sec

Figure 2: Time = 41.6 sec

FLUENT D t f

( ) Ft=

F

( ) Ft

nn

=+1

( ) Ft

nnn

=+ +

243 11

f = n+1 = t + D t n = t n-1 = t - D t

F(f) F(f)f F(f)

( )11 ++ = nnn

Ft

f^n+1 F(f^n+1) f^n+1

( )11 ++ += nnn tF fî f^n fî f^n+1 =fî

( )ini tF +=

( )inni tF += 323134 1

F(f)

( )nnn Ft

=+1

f^n+1 f^n

( )nnn tF +=+1 RAMPANT

D t courant 1

z z

z FAS

1.

Define/Models/Solver...

Figure 1:

2.

UDF 3. PISO

Solve/Controls/Solution... PISO PISO PISO

4. Solve/Monitors/Statistic... FLUENT

5. /

6. t=0 Solve/Initialize/Initialize... File/Read/Data... 7. case

data File/Write/Autosave... case data

8. z

Solve/Iterate...

Figure 2:

z FLUENT

z D t FLUENT D t D t D t FLUENT 1020 FLUENT FLUENT D t 5-10 D t D t

/ 20 20

FLUENT z

1. Courant 1Solve/Controls/Solution...

2. Solve/Iterate... FLUENT

4 9. case

File/Write/Data...

File/Read/Data... FLUENT

Figure 1:

FLUENT UDSMHD MHD

f_kFLUENT z FLUENT

NkSxx kik

ki

,...,1, ==

G_k S_f_k N-

z FLUENT

NkSx

ux ki

kkki

i

,...,1, ==

z FLUENT

NkSx

Fx ki

kkki

i

,...,1, ==

F_i FLUENT UDS 1. Define/Models/User-Defined

Scalars...

Figure 1:

2. FLUENT UDS FLUENT 1 3 5 UDS UDS

UDS 3. UDS

Define/Boundary Conditions... 1.

Figure 2: 2.

4. UDS

S /ds df Define/Boundary Conditions...

Figure 3:

5. UDS

6. UDS 1 3 5 G_k z n z n

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fluent

9.1

z z translating

Fluent z MRF z z

9.2 9.2.1

FLUENT FLUNET FLUENT 9.2.1

9.2.2

z z z

9.1FLUENTMRF9.39.49.5 9.2.2 FLUENT v rv

r

v rv v

FLUENT

9.2.3

z 2 Z z 2 X z 3 x y z FLUENT 9.2.4 1. Solver Velocity Formulation: 9.2.5

2

(a) Fluid Solid (b) FluidSolidMotion TypeMoving Reference

Frame Rotational Velocity Speed 6.17.1 6.18.1 3.

wall fluid fluid wall 6.13.1 6.13.1 4.velocity inletspressure inlets 9.2.5 6.3.1 6.4.1 9.2.5

,

9.2.6 8.4.5 rotation z

z PRESTO Solution Controls

z 0.30.5 z 22

1 10

2 3 4 5 6 4 5

9.2.7

Velocity Magnitude and Mach Number Relative Velicity Magnitude and Relative Mach Number Velocity...

9.3 MRF 9.3.1

9.1 FLUENT

z MRF z z MRF

MRF MRF MRF

MRF MRF 9.5

9.3.1

9.3.2

MRF z MRF realizable k

z 9.3.1

z MRF FLUENT

MRF 22.2.8 MRF

z FLUENT MRF define/models/dpm/ tracking/track-in-absolute-frame Set Injection Properties track-in-absolute-frame z MRF

9.3-3 z t

9.3.2MRF

MRF

FLUENT

8.2 9.2.2

FLUENT v 9.4

= 0xxr 9.31

x

0x

9.3.3

++= tr vrvv )( 9.3-2

v

rv

tv .

;

)( += rvv r 9.3-3

9.3.3MRF

9.3.1 z

z 5.4.3

9.3.4MRF MRF

MRF 9.2.3 MRF 1. Solver Velocity FormulationAbsolute Relative 9.2.5

2. a

Fluid Solid RotationAxis Origin RotationAxis Direction

b Fluid Solid Motion Type Moving Reference Frame Rotation Velocity Speed Translational Velocity XYZ

6.17.1 6.18.1 3.

wall fluid fluid wall 6.13.1 4.velocity inletspressure inlets 9.2.5 6.3.1 6.4.1

9.3.6


9.4 9.4.1 FLUENT

9.3.1 MRF

MRF

z z LES z z VOFmixture Eulerian

9.4.2

9.4.19.4.2 9.4.1

9.4.2

9.4.1 9.4.2

,

FLUENT 9.4.1 9.4.2 p cos ztr o,kps

9.4.3 FLUENT

13 FLUENT

FLUENT

swirl FLUENT

FLUENT

T r v

vS r v 9.4.1

streamwise

downstream upstream

9.4360 9.4.3 1. SOLVER

Fluid Solid Fluid Solid Motion Type

Moving Reference Frame XY Z

6.17.1 6.18.1 3.

wall fluid fluid wall 6.13.1 4.velocity inletspressure inlets 6.5.1 FLUENT Mass Flux Average Mass Flux 6.3.16.4.1 6.5.1

Mixing plane 9.4.3

a Upstream Zone Downstream

Zone b Mixing Plane Geometry

profiles p(r),T(r) profiles p(x)T(x).

cInterpolation Points profiles profiles 2 profile interpolation Point Mixing Plane Geometry d Globe Parameter i Underrelaxaton profiles

ii Apply Global Parameters Apply Default Global Parameter Default Reset Reset Global Parameter

e CreatFluent Mixing Plane

Mixing Plane Delete

Fluent Fluent Operaing Conditions Reference Pressure Location fluent

9.4.2

enable verbosity?,Fluent ID 9.4.4

9.4.5


25.9

9.5 9.5.1

() 9.1

9.5.1

9.2 9.5.2 9.5.3 MRF 9.3 9.4

5.3.10

9.5.2

9.5.4 9.5.5

9.5.6 9.5.7

9.5.6 3D 9.5.7 3D

9.5.8 2D

9.5.9

9.5.2 9.5.1

9.5.10

9.5.11 A-B B-C D-E E-F a-d d-b b-e d-b b-e

e-c a-d c-f d-b b-e D-E

9.5.3 FLUENT z z z 3D

90

z 5.3.10

z

z z 3D

FLUENT 9.5.1

1. Solver FLUENT24.15

2.

a Boundary Conditions

interface b Fluid Solid Motion Type

Moving Mesh

6.13.1 6 3. Grid Interface 9.5.12

a Grid Interface

b Interface Zone1 Interface Zone 2

c Interface Type z Periodic z Coupled

d Create Fluent Wall-9

Wall-10 Interface Zone1 Interface Zone 2 Boundary Conditions pressure far-fieldsymmetrypressure outlet

Grid Interface Delete

Case Case Case Solving the Problem

24.13.1 Iterate 24.15 Case Iterate Apply Iterate Case Fluent 2b 9.5.2 Case Data

Fluent Case and Data 3.3.4 ! Data Case Case Data Case Case !Case and Data FLUENT FLUENT Case and Data Case and Data FLUENTCase FLUENT Case 3

T

T= 2D TP/b,P b 5

10 22 32 32 42 9.5-13

20

9.5.4 Case and

Data Views 27.4 9.5.14 9.5.4

Vectors Vectors Of Relative Velocity Reference Values

Fluid

3D

FLUENT FLUENT XY 27.8.4

9.6 9.6.1

NRBCsFLUENT

z NRBCs z z

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