fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof ]u, xl/x/ ejg nlntkb ]zdf ljut nfdf ] ;dob ]lv /fHo / g ]kfn sDo 'lgi6 kf6L...

$: fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof ]u, xl/x/ ejg nlntkb ]zdf ljut nfdf ] ;dob ]lv /fHo / g ]kfn sDo 'lgi6 kf6L { -g ]skf_ dfcf ]jfbLjLr ePsf ] ;z:q åGåsf] cGTo eO { dfgj clwsf/sf ] l:yltdf$

;jf{lwsf/ © /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, xl/x/ ejg nlntk'/ cfof]usf] k'j{:jLs[ltlagf o; k':tsnfO{ af}l4s jf z}lIfs k|of]hgsf nflu k'g M pTkfbg ug{, d'b|0f ug]{ u/L cyjf s'g} dfWodaf6 k|of]udf Nofpg kfOg]5}g . af}l4s tyf z}lIfs k|of]usf nflu s]xL c+zx? ;fef/ u/L k|of]u ug{ ;lsg]5 . k|sfzg ldlt M @)^$ ;+:s/0f M !)))÷k|lt k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ gf/fo0fk|;fb ;]9fO{ ljg's'df/ >]i7 l8hfO{g tyf n] cfp6 k'gd d'gfsdL{ k|=g+= #*÷*(÷@)^$ -s]=sf=_

k|sfzs /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u

xl/x/ ejg nlntk'/ kf]=a=g++= (!*@, sf7df8f}+, g]kfn

dGtJo

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf] nflu dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)%# cGtu{t u7g ePsf] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# n] ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ?kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;+ljwfgdf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . pNn]lvt p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu cfof]un] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ;+a4{g tyf kl/kfngfsf] nflu ljleGg sfo{x? ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . pQm ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !## cg';f/ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL ;dIf k]z ug'{ kg]{ bfloTj /x]sf] 5 . cfof]un] k|To]s jif{ jfli{fs k|ltj]bg k|sfzg ub}{ cfO{ /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL cg'?k g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] lgb]{z u/] adf]lhdsf] cfly{s jif{ @)^#÷^$ sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . o; k|ltj]bgn] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf] If]qdf cfof]uaf6 eP u/]sf sfo{x?sf] hfgsf/L lbg'sf] ;fy} dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df ;j{;fwf/0fdf ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fpg] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' . cfof]usf] bf];|f] sfo{sfnsf nflu lgo'St kbflwsf/Lx?n] @)^# cfiff9 @% ut] /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 of] k|ltj]bg cjlwe/ g} cfof]u kbflwsf/LljxLg cj:yfdf /xg k'Uof] . cfof]udf kbflwsf/L gePsf] cj:yfdf cfof]un] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf ljifodf lg0f{o u/L l;kmfl/; ug]{ sfo{{ x'g ;s]g . o;af6 dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f ug]{ uxg sfo{df cfof]un] Ps jif{e/L g} afwf Jojwfg Joxf]g']{ k/]sf] lyof] . tyflk cfof]un] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfsf] ;lqmotfsf ;fy cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] lyof] . of] cjlw dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug]]{ sfo{df r'gf}ltk"0f{ /x]sf] lyof] . b]zdf Ps bzsb]lv rn]sf] ;z:q

åGåsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfn] ljlwjt cGTo u/]sf] 3f]if0ff u/]tf klg t/fOdf ePsf] cfGbf]ngn] dfgj

clwsf/sf] cj:yf bogLo aGg k'Uof] . ;'/IffsdL{ tyf cGo kIfaf6 ;d]t JolQm xTofsf 36gfx? x'g k'u] eg]

j]jfl/;] cj:yfdf 5fl8Psf adljikmf]6gaf6 klg ljleGg JolQm dfl/P . ;'/IffsdL{af6 lx/f;t tyf y'gfdf

/x]sf JolQmx?nfO{ oftgf, s'6lk6 tyf cdfgjLo Jojxf/ u/]sf], of]Ë sDo'lgi6 lnu-jfO;LPn_sf sfo{stf{af6

klg ljleGg JolQmnfO{ s'6lk6 tyf cdfgjLo sfo{ ug'{sf] ;fy} JolQm ckx/0f / hj{h:tL rGbf c;'nL h:tf

sfo{x? klg u/]sf lyP . To;}u/L t/fO{df cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf ljleGg ;d"xaf6 JolQmnfO{ ckx/0f ug]{, xTof ug]{,

wDsL lbg], hj{h:tL rGbf c;'nL ug]{ h:tf sfo{af6 klg dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf bogLo aGg k'Uof] .

;do;dodf x'g] aGb, x8\tfn, n'6kf6, cfuhgL h:tf sfo{af6 zflGt;'/Iffsf] l:yltdf kof{Kt ;'wf/ cfpg

;s]g . o:tf] cj:yfdf klg ;dfgtf, lgikIftf, kf/blz{tf, hjfkmb]lxtf, :jtGqtf / :jfoQtf h:tf d"ne"t

dfGotfsf] clwgdf /xL dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ug]{ sfo{df cfof]u ;lqmo ?kdf lqmofzLn /x]sf]

lyof] .

o; jflif{s k|ltj]bgnfO{ o; ?kdf tof/ ug{sf] nflu lg/Gt/ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg' x'g] If]qLo lgb]{zsx?, pklgb]{zsx? nufot cfof]usf s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo tyf ;Dks{ sfof{nosf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . ;fy}, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{gsf] nflu lg/Gt/ ?kdf nfUg' x'g] ;Dk"0f{sd{rf/Lx? / k':ts tof/Lsf] s|ddf ljleGg ;"rgf, tYofÍ Pjd\ k|lts[of nufot cGo k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] ;Dk"0f{ cfof]u kl/jf/ tyf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/L nufotsf dxfg'efjx?nfO{ klg wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . cGtdf, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gsf] dfWodaf6 b]zdf dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug]{ h:tf] uxg sfo{df ;dlk{t cfof]unfO{ o; cjlw;Dd lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;xof]u k|bfg ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/, bft[ ;+:yfx?, dfgj clwsfsf] If]qdf sfo{/t /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yfx? kqsf/, sfg'g Joj;foL, gful/s ;dfh, cGo Joj;foLs ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx? nufot ;a}k|lt xflb{s cfef/ JoQm ub{5' .

kb\df dfy]df lg= ;lrj

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u

laifo ;"rL

dGtJo

;f/f+z

k]h g+=

kl/R5]b—Ps

cfof]usf] dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{g;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿

!= k[i7e"ld !

!=! dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yf / ;+/If0f;DaGwL sfo{ !

!=!=! afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ @

!=!=@ oftgf, s'6lk6 / cdfgjLo Jojxf/ lj?4sf] clwsf/ #

!=!=# :jtGqtf / ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/ $

!=!=$ /fhgLlts clwsf/ &

!=!=% cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ *

!=!=^ dlxnf clwsf/ !@

!=!=* afn clwsf/ !#

!=!=( hftLo e]befj lj?4sf] clwsf/ !$

!=!=!) dfgj clwsf/ /Ifssf] clwsf/ !%

!=!=!! ph'/L Joj:yfkg, cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg !^

!=@ cfof]uaf6 ePsf k|a4{gfTds sfo{x¿ !&

!=# ljlw ljifo k/fdz{ ;DalGw sfo{x¿ #!

@=$ r]lna]6L a]rljvg tyf cf];f/ k|;f/ lj?4 ePsf sfo{x? ##

kl/R5]b b'O{

k|zf;lgs tyf kl/of]hgf;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿

@=! k|zf;lgs sfo{ #^

@=@ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL sfo{x? M #&

@=# ;"rgf k|ljlw ;DaGwL M #*

@=$ cfly{s k|zf;g #(

@=% cfof]u cGtu{tsf kl/of]hgfx? $)

@=%=! /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u Ifdtf ljsf; kl/of]hgf $)

@=%=@ afn clwsf/ OsfO, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u kl/of]hgf $!

@=%=# b Pl;of kmfp08];g $@

@=%=$ Office of the Transitional Initiative $@

kl/R5]b tLg

/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / ;dGjo

#=! /fli6«o :t/df ePsf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo $#

#=!=! g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fusf] ;DaGw $#

#=!=@ /fhgLts bnx?;Fusf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo $#

#=!=# gful/s ;dfh / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?;Fusf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo $$

#=!=$ cfd;~rf/;Fusf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo $$

#=@ cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ePsf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo $%

kl/R5]b rf/

pknlJw tyf r'gf}tL / l;kmfl/;x?

$=! cfof]usf k|d'v pknAwLx¿ $*

$=@ k|d'v r'gf}tLx¿ $(

$=# l;kmfl/; tyf ;'emfj %!

cg';"rLx?

cg';"rL— !

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf %$–%^

cg';"rL— @

cfof]uåf/f ljleGg ldltdf u/]sf] cg'udgsf] ljj/0f %&–*)

cg';"rL— #

cfof]uåf/f ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg ljj/0f *!–(*

cg';"rL— $ cfof]udf k/]sf ph'/Lsf] ;+Vof ljj/0f ((

cg';"rL— %

cfof]uåf/f ljleGg ;dodf hf/L ul/Psf k|]; lj1lKt !))—!!#

cfof]uaf6 k|sflzt k|ltj]bgx?sf] ljj/0f !!$—!!%

cg';"rL— &

dfgjclwsf/sf] k|a4{gsf nflu ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] ljj/0f !!^—!@%

cg';"rL— * !@^—!@*

cg';"rL— ( !@(—!#!

cg';"rL— !) !#@

cg';"rL— !! !##–!#$

;f/f+z

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf] nflu dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)%# cGtu{t u7g ePsf]

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u-o; kl5 cfof]u elgg]5 _nfO{ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# n]

;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ?kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 . pQm ;+ljwfgdf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f /

;Da4{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] st{Jo

x'g] s'/f pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . pNn]lvt p2]Zo k|flKtsf] nflu cfof]un] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g jf To;sf]

b'?T;fxg ePsf] ljifodf k/]sf] ph'/Lsf] 5fgaLg tyf cg';Gwfg u/L bf]ifL pk/ sf/afxL ug{ l;kmfl/;

ug{], dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g x'gaf6 /f]Sg] lhDd]jf/L jf st{Jo ePsf] kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L

k"/f gu/]df jf st{Jo kfng gu/]df jf lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ jf st{Jo kfngf ug{ pbfl;gtf b]vfPdf

To:tf] kbflwsf/L pk/ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{], dfgj clwsf/

pNn+3g ug{] JolQmsf lj?4 d'2f rnfpg], dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gstf{nfO{{ ljefuLo sf/afxL tyf

;hfosf] l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg] / dfgj clwsf/sf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ gful/s ;dfh;+u ;dGjo /

;xsfo{ ug{] s'/f g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !##

cg';f/ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL ;dIf k]z ug'{

kg]{ bfloTj /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL k|of]hgfy{ cfly{s jif{ @)^#÷^$ sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] xf] . o;

k|ltj]bgnfO{ rf/ kl/R5]bdf ljefhg ug'{sf] ;fy} !! cg';"rLx? ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gsf] b[li6sf]0fn] of] k|ltj]bg cjlwdf dfgj clwsf/sf] l:ylt

ldl>t /x\of] . b]zdf ljut nfdf] ;dob]lv /fHo / g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -g]skf_ dfcf]jfbLjLr ePsf]

;z:q åGåsf] cGTo eO{ dfgj clwsf/sf] l:yltdf s]xL ;'wf/ cfPsf] ePtfklg g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ /

t/fO{df cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf s]xL ;z:q ;d"xsf] sf/0f dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ cfpg ;s]g .

hgcfGbf]ngsf] pknAwLsf] ?kdf k'g:yf{lkt Joj:yflksf ;+;baf6 ag]sf] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf-

dfcf]jfbL_jLr @)^# d+l;/ % ut] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf eof] . pNn]lvt zflGt ;Demf}tfsf kIfw/x?n]

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf dfkm{t dfgj clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg"gsf cfwf/e"t l;4fGtk|lt k|lta4 /xFb}

e]befj, u}/ Goflos lu/ˆtf/L, oftgf, a]kQf kfg]{, ckx/0f ug]{, afnaflnsfnfO{{ /fhgLlts ultljlwdf

;+nUg u/fpg] sfo{nfO{ k|ltaGw nufpg] h:tf k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf lyP . To;}u/L @)^# d+l;/ @@

ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ jLr xltof/ tyf ;]gfsf] Jo:yfkgsf] cg'udg ;DaGwL ;Demf}tf

ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cg'?k g]kfnL ;]gfx? Jof/]sdf kmsf{OPsf lyP eg] g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf n8fs'x?

ljleGg lzlj/x?df /flvPsf 5g\ .

g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ jLr ePsf] zflGt ;Demf}tfn] b]zdf ;z:q åGåsf] ljlwjt cGTo

u/]sf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] lyof] . To;kl5 g]kfnsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] l:ytLdf s]xL ;'wf/sf ;+s]tx? b]lvPsf

lyP . ;f] cg'?k s]xL ;sf/fTds sfo{x? klg eP . h;cGtu{t nfdf] ;do ;Dd ;z:q ;+3if{ u/]sf]

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ ;d]tsf] ;+nUgdf @)^# df3 ! ut] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# hf/L eof] . ;f]xL ldltdf

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ cGtl/d Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf / @)^# ;fn r}q !* ut] dlGqkl/ifbdf ;d]t ;xefuL

ePsf] lyof] . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] df}lns xsdf cGo xssf cltl/Qm afnclwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/,

oftgf lj?4sf] clwsf/, 5'jf5't tyf e]befj lj?4sf] clwsf/ ;d]tnfO{ ;dflji6 u/]sf]] 5 .

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf @)^# ;fn h]7 dlxgf leq ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{ k|lta4tf

hgfPtfklg pNn]lvt ldltleq lgjf{rg x'g ;s]g . To;}u/L g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^# c;f/df @)^$

;fn d+l;/ ^ ut] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ug]{ u/L ;+ljwfgsf] ;+zf]wg u/]sf] lyof] . o;/L dfgj

clwsf/sf] If]qdf pNn]lvt ;sf/fTds sfo{x? ePtfklg Jofks ?kdf dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g tyf

HofbtLx? klg ePsf 5g\ . h;sf] af/]df o;kl5 qmdz rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

cfly{s jif{ @)^#÷^$df g]kfnL hgtfsf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf] cj:yf Hofb} gfh"s aGg k'Uof] .

/fHo, g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_, hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQmdf]rf{ -Hjfnfl;+x tyf uf]Ot ;d"x_, dw]zL hgclwsf/

kmf]/d nufot t/fOdf ;z:q cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf cGo ;d"xx? / c1ft ;d"x ;d]taf6 dflg;sf] afFRg

kfpg] clwsf/ k|efljt x'g k'Uof] . o; cjlwdf g]kfn ;/sf/, g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_, dw]zL hgclwsf/

kmf]/d, cGo ;z:q ;d"x, k|ltsf/ ;ldlt, c1ft JolQm jf ;d"xaf6 ;d]t !#* JolQmsf] xTof ePsf]

kfOof] . To;}u/L adljikmf]6gdf k/L @$ hgf JolQmx? dfl/Psf lyP . ;z:q ;d"x tyf cfGbf]ngsf]

sf/0f ljif]z u/L t/fO{ If]qdf JolQm xTofsf 36gfx? j[l4 ePsf 5g\ . o;/L ljleGg /fli6«o tyf

cGt/fli6«o sfg"gL k|fjwfg ljk/Lt dflg;sf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf] xgg\ ePsf] 5 .

o; cjlwdf oftgf, s'6lk6 tyf cdfgjLo Jojxf/ u/]sf 36gfx? klg ;fj{hlgs ePsf lyP .

;dfrf/ ;+sngsf] qmddf ;'/IffsdL{n] af/f lhNnfsf kqsf/nfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf], ljleGg lx/f;tdf

/flvPsf JolQmx?nfO{ k|x/Ln] oftgf lbPsf], ;'/IffsdL{af6 ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfx?nfO{ s'6lk6 ug]{ u/]sf]

kfOof] . To;}u/L ljleGg ju{ tyf ;d'bfon] ljleGg dfu /fvL u/]sf] cfGbf]ngx? lgoGq0f ug]{ qmddf

ljleGg JolQmx?nfO{ s'6lk6 u/L 3fOt] agfPsf] kfOof] .

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] eft[;+u7g of]Ë sDo'lgi6 lnu-jfO;LPn_sf sfo{stf{af6 zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug]{

gfddf sfg"g cfˆgf] xftdf lnO ck/fwsf] cg';Gwfg ug]{, JolQmut em}emu8f ldnfpg], hah{:tL rGbf

c;'Ng] ljleGg axfgfdf ljleGg k]zf, Joj;foL nufotsf ;j{;fwf/0f JolQmx?nfO{ s'6lk6 ug]{ u/]sf]

kfOof] . km/s /fhgLlts ljrf/ /fVg] kf6L{x?n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{qmddf jfO;LPn nufot cGo

/fhgLlts kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x? ;d]tn] /fhgLlts sfo{qmd ug{ glbg] / g]tfx?dfly s'6lk6 ug{]{ /

sfnf]df];f] bNg] h:tf cdfgjLo sfo{ ePsf] lyof] . o;sf cltl/St g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ sfo{stf{af6

s}nfnL, s~rgk'/ nufotsf lhNnfx?df k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L, :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/L, lhNnf lzIff

clwsf/L dfly ePsf s'6lk6, wDsL tyf xftkft ug]{ h:tf sfo{n] sfg"gL zf;gsf]] pkxf; ePsf] lyof]

.

o; cjlwdf ;'/IffsdL{, g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ / cGo kIfaf6 ;d]t ljleGg JolQmx?nfO{ wDsL lbg] sfo{

ePsf] kfOof] . s]xL :yfgdf ;'/IffsdL{af6 klg ;j{;fwf/0f JolQmnfO{ wDsL lbPsf] kfOof] . o;

cjlwdf ;'/IffsdL{af6 kqmfp u/L a]kQf agfPsf] ;DaGwdf cfof]udf hfgsf/L k|fKt ePg . oBlk

;z:q åGåsf] ;dodf ;'/IffsdL{af6 kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] elgPsf ;DaGwdf cfof]udf ph'/Lx? btf{

x'g cfPsf lyP . zflGt ;Demf}tfdf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ b'j} kIfåf/f cfˆgf sAhfdf /x]sf

dflg;x?sf] af/]df !% lbgleq ;fj{hlgs u/L ;a}nfO{{ d'Qm ug]{ / j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx?sf] tyf

o'4sf] ;dodf dfl/Psfx?sf] jf:tljs gfd, y/ / 3/sf] 7]ufgf ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ^) lbgleq

;"rgfx? ;fj{hlgs u/L kl/jf/hgnfO{{ ;d]t hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]tfklg xfn

;Dd b'j}kIfaf6 a]kQf JolQmx?sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

t/fO{ hgtflGqs d'lQm df]rf{ -Hjfnfl;+x, uf]Ot, la:kmf]6_, dw]; :k];n kmf];{, dw]; d'lQm 6fOu;{,

efO/n lsn/, clvn e'6fg qmflGtsf/L ljBfyL{ o'lgog, e'6fg l/klAnsg o'y o'lgog Pj+ JolQmut

?kdf ;d]t ljleGg JolQmnfO{ wDsL lbg], rGbf c;'nL ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L ljleGg

ju{, tyf k]zfsf JolQmx?;Fu hj{h:tL rGbf lng], lj:yflkt u/fpg], 3/ hUuf sAhf ug]{, ljleGg

JolQmnfO{ sAhfdf lng] tyf ckx/0f ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg?Gt/tf lbPsf] kfOof] .

o; cfly{s jif{df g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf dfcf]jfbLjLr lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf ePtfklg zflGt

;'/Iffsf] cj:yf Hofb} gfh's /x]sf] kfOof] . zflGt ;'/Iff axfn ug]{ qmddf ;'/IffsdL{sf JolQmx?sf]

dgf]jn pRr x'g g;Sg', t/fO{df ePsf] cfGbf]ng, g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] Gofostf{ g} xfdL xf} eGg]] efjgf

/ ;'/IffsdL{sf] pbfl;gtf cflb sf/0faf6 zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yfdf ck]lIft ?kdf ;'wf/ x'g ;s]sf]

kfOPg . zflGt ;'/Iff / sfg"gL zf;g sfod /fVg /fHo c;kmn ePsf] kfOof] . ljleGg :yfgdf

n'6kf6 tyf rf]/Lsf 36gfx? a9\b} uO/x]sf, /fhdfu{x?df x'g] n'6kf6 tyf c;'/Iffsf] cj:yf ljBdfg

/x]sf] kfOof] . ljleGg cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf ;jf/L;fwgx?df ePsf] tf]8kmf]8 tyf cfuhgL, ;fj{hlgs

ejg tyf ;Dkltsf] tf]8kmf]8 tyf cfuhgL, ljleGg k]zf Joj;fodf ul/Psf] aGb x8\tfn tyf

hj{h:tL rGbf h:tf sf/0fx?n] klg zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cj:yf ;jn /x]sf] b]lvPg . zflGt ;Demf}tf

ePsf] z'?sf lbgdf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] lg0f{o ljutdf lj:yflkt ePsf k|x/L rf}sLx?sf] k'gM:yfkgf ug]{

qmddf alb{ofsf] ktfef/, afFs]sf] vh'/f, alb{of{, s~rgk"/, gjnk/f;L, /fd]5fk, g'jfsf]6 nufot b]zsf

ljleGg efudf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f cj/f]w k'¥ofOPsf] lyof] . /fHon] gful/sx?sf] zflGt ;'/Iffsf]

k|Tofe"lt lbg], bf]ifLnfO{ sfg"gL bfo/fdf Nofpg] h:tf bfloTj k"0f{ ?kdf lgjf{x ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g . b}lgs

h;f] x'g] rf]/L, 8s}tL, ckx/0f, xTof h:tf 36gfx?sf]] /f]syfddf /fHosf] k|of; kof{Kt x'g ;s]sf]

kfOb}g . To;}u/L afnaflnsfsf] ckx/0f tyf ckx/0f kZrft xTof ug]{ 36gfx?df klg a[l4 ePsf

kfOof] . ;fy} t/fOdf cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf ;z:q ;d"x tyf ljleGg ck/flws ;d"xaf6 ;d]t zflGt

;'/Iff vnaNofpg] sfo{ ePsf] kfOof] .

zflGt ;Demf}tfn] afnaflnsf tyf z}lIfs If]qnfO{ zflGt If]qsf] ?kdf :yflkt ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPtf

klg ;f] s'/f :yflkt x'g ;s]g . ljleGg /fhgLlts bn, ljBfyL{ ;d"x, lzIfs ;d"xaf6 k6s k6s ug]{

aGb tyf x8\tfnsf] sf/0f, t/fO{df ePsf] cfGbf]ng, b}lgs h;f] x'g] aGb / rSsfhfdsf] sf/0f z}lIfs

If]qx? k|efljt ePsf lyP .

o; cjlwdf dlxnf clwsf/sf] cj:yfdf klg ;'wf/ x'g ;s]g . dWoklZrdf~rn tyf ;'b'/

klZrdf~rn If]qsf dlxnfx? k/Dk/fut ?9LjfbL ;+:sf/ cg';f/ ;fdflhs e]befj, af]S;Lsf] cf/f]k,

3/]n' lx+;f, b]xJofkf/, r]lna]6L a]rljvg, 5fpk8L h:tf k|yf tyf k|rngx?af6 ljutdf em} o; jif{

klg dlxnfx? kLl8t ePsf] kfOof] . ljleGg ;d"x tyf JolQmaf6 x'g] anfTsf/sf 36gfx?af6 klg

dlxnfx? kLl8t x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L k/Dk/fut ?kdf rnL cfPsf afnlajfx, ax'lajfx,

cGt{hftLo lajfx, nufotsf ;d:ofx?af6 klg dlxnfx? kLl8t x'g] 36gfx? lg/Gt/ eO/x]sf] kfOof] .

To;}u/L bfOhf] gNofPsf] lgx'Fdf klt nufot 3/kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?n] s'6lk6 tyf cdfgjLo Jojxf/

ug]{, af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf dlxnfnfO{ cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ug]{, s'6lk6 ug]{, dnd'q v'jfpg], cdfgjLo

Jojxf/ ug]{ / ufpF lgsfnf ug]{ h:tf 36gfx? cfof]usf] hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf lyP . j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf

hfg] dlxnf sfdbf/x?sf] ;+Vofdf a[l4 ePtf klg ;'/lIft /f]huf/sf] nflu kof{Kt Joj:yf x'g ;s]sf]

kfOb}g .

ef]s lj?4sf] clwsf/ kfPsf gful/sx?n] vfBfGgsf] cefj eO{ ef]sd/Lsf] l:ytL pTkGg x'Fbf ;d]t

;'b'/ tyf dWoklZrdsf s]xL lhNnfx?df /fHoaf6 kof{Kt vfBfGg ljt/0f x'g ;s]sf]

kfOPg . aiff{ofdsf] ;dodf t/fO lhNnfsf xhf/f} uflj; Pj+ Toxf+sf gful/sx? k|efljt eO{ lj:yflkt

x'Fbf, lj:yflktsf] k'g{:yfkgf tyf af9Ln] aufPsf] 3/sf] k"g{lgdf0f{, kLl8tsf] nflu vfBfGg nufotsf

/fxt Aoj:yfsf] ljt/0f oyf]lrt / oy]i6 ePsf] kfOPg\ . o;}u/L afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL, s+rgk'/ / bfË

lhNnfdf /x]sf k"j{ sd}ofx?sf] l:ytLdf vf;} ;'wf/ cfpg g;s]sf] tyf lghx?sf] k'g:yf{kgf tyf

k'gjf{;sf] nflu d'Qm sd}ofx?n] cfGbf]ng u/]sf lyP . cfof]un] tL sfo{qmdx?sf] ;lqmo ?kdf cg'udg

u/]sf] lyof] .

/fHon] dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNN+3g ug]{ tyf dfgjtf lj?4sf] ck/fwdf ;+nUgx?sf] af/]df ;To

cGj]zif0f ug{ / ;dfhdf d]nldnfksf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ cfk;L ;xdltaf6 pRr :t/Lo ;Tolg?k0f

tyf d]nldnfk cfof]usf] u7g ug{ ;xdt eP klg ;f] adf]lhd cfof]usf] u7g x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .

;dfhdf zflGt sfod u/fpg tyf åGåaf6 kLl8t / lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] nflu /fxt / k'g{:yfkgf

u/fpg /fli6«o zflGt tyf k'g{:yfkgf cfof]u u7g x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L /fHosf] k'g{;+/rgf ;DaGwL

pRr :t/Lo ;'emfj cfof]u ;d]t u7g ePsf] 5}g . dfgjtf lj/f]wL uDeL/ ck/fwsf cleo'Qmx?nfO{

sf/afxL u/L b08xLgtf pGd"ngsf] nflu hgcfGbf]ng efu b'O{sf] pknAwLsf] ?kdf k'g{:yflkt ;+;bn]

cGt/f{li6«o kmf}hbf/L cbfnt ;DaGwL /f]d ljwfg cg'df]bg, ;lDdng ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ lgb]{zg hf/L

u/]tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/af6 xfn;Dd klg cg'df]bg x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] dfgj

clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfdf bf]ifLnfO{ sf/afxL / kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{

u/]sf l;kmfl/;x?sf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg', /fHoåf/f ul7t cGo cfof]ux?n] lbPsf] l;kmfl/;x?sf]

sfof{Gjog gx'g', dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g tyf ck/fwdf ;+nUg kIfx?nfO{{ sfg"gL bfo/fdf NofO{

sf/afxL ug{ g;Sg' h:tf sfo{n] b08lxgtfsf] ;+:s[ltn] k|>o kfO/x]sf] b]lvG5 .

To;}u/L /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u nufot ljleGg ;+j}wflgs cfof]ux?df nfdf] cjlwb]lv

kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm x'g g;s]sf] h:tf s'/fx?n] g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts kf6L{x?

;d]tn] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;jfnnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ tkm{ tTk/tf gb]vfPsf] kfOof] . /fhgLlts d'2fx?n]

dxTjk"0f{ :yfg kfPsf] / dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifo uf}0f /x]sf] kfOof] . /fhgLlts d'2fx?n] :yfg kfPtf

klg tfls{s lgisif{df gk'u]sf]n] dfgj clwsf/ pkef]u ug]{ laifodf eo / qf;sf] l:ylt ljBdfg

b]lvG5 .

k/Dk/futhGo t/fOdf /x]sf] e]befj, c;dfg Jojxf/sf sf/0f /fHosf lgsfo Pjd\ ;+/rgfx?df

/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;dflhs, ;fF:s[lts ?kdf /fHosf] d"n k|jfxdf ;fdfj]zLs/0f x'g g;s]sf] egL

t/fOdf pl7/xsf] hfu?s cfjfhsf] oyf]lrt ;Djf]wg x'g ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . t/fOdf a;f]jf; ug]{

jfl;Gbf, cflbjf;L, blnt, hghlt, dlxnf, l;dfGts[t ju{sf] cfly{s, ;dflhs, ;fF:s[lts l:yltdf

;'wf/ cfpg ;s]g . t/fO{sf] ;d:ofnfO{ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n] ;Daf]wg ug{ g;s]sf] egL]

dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dn] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePs} lbg cyf{t @)^# df3 ! ut] sf7df08f} nufotsf

t/fO{sf ljleGg :yfgdf lj/f]w k|b{zg u/] . d'n'ssf] k"jL{ tyf dWo t/fO{sf df]/ª, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L,

l;/xf, wg'iff, /f}tx6, af/f, k;f{, dxf]Q/L ;nf{xL, gjnk/f;L slknj:t' nufotsf lhNnfx¿df ePsf]

cfGbf]ngsf qmddf dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf cToGt uDeL/ x'g k'Uof] . pQm cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf

hgwgsf] 7'nf Iflt x'g k'Uof] eg] cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf #! JolQmx? dfl/Psf lyP .

l;/xfsf] nfxfgdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf sfo{stf{x?af6 ;j{;fwf/0f lgbf]{if JolQmnfO{ uf]nL xfgL df/]sf]

36gfaf6 z'? ePsf] cfGbf]ng lgoGq0f ug]{ qmddf ;'/IffsdL{åf/f k|bz{gsf/Ldfly cTolws zlQmsf]

k|of]u ul/Psf], clwsf+zsf] uf]nL nflu d[To' ePsf], sltko ;j{;fwf/0fsf] 3/–3/df k|j]z u/L s'6lk6

ul/Psf] kfOof] . cfGbf]ngsf qmddf w]/} ;+Vofdf cfGbf]ngsf/L / k|x/Lx? klg 3fOt] ePsf] kfOof] .

t/fO{ cfGbf]ngs} qmddf cfGbf]ngsf/Lx¿n] ;jf/L ;fwg, z}lIfs ;+:yf, pBf]uwGbf / k;nx¿ hj{h:tL

aGb u/fPsf lyP . cfGbf]ngdf ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{nox?df tf]8kmf]8 tyf cfuhgL ;d]t

ul/Psf], kfFr j6f PDa'n]G; nufotsf ;jf/L ;fwgx?dfly klg tf]8kmf]8 tyf cfuhgL

ul/Psf], ljleGg JolQmsf ;flns tf]8kmf]8 ul/Psf], ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{sf sfof{no tyf ;~rf/

dfWodsf sfof{nox?dfly klg cfqmd0f ePsf], dfgj clwsf/sdL{ tyf kqsf/x?nfO{ lgjf{w ?kdf

dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg ug{ / ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ug{ glbOPsf], kqsf/x?dfly cfqmd0f ;d]t

ePsf] lyof] . k|bz{gsf/Ln] ljBfno tyf :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?df cfqmd0f ug'{sf ;fy} s]xL JolQmx?n] ;nf{xL

lhNnfdf c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/fO/x]sf 3fOt] la/fdLx?dfly ;d]t cfqmd0f u/]sf lyP . zflGtk"0f{ ug]{

elgPsf] lj/f]w k|bz{gsf qmddf k|bz{gsf/Lx? nf7L, efF6f, /8, 5'/Lnufot cGo 3/]n' xltof/ ;d]t

lnP/ h'n';df lgl:sPsf] lyof] . k|bz{gsf/Lx?n] ;'/IffsdL{sf] xltof/ ;d]t n'6]sf] kfOof] .

cfGbf]ngsf sf/0f b}lgs cTofjZos ;fdfgsf] pkef]udf c;/ kg{ uO{ Jofkf/L tyf pkef]Qmf ju{df

sl7gfO pTkGg ePsf] tyf dhb'/ nufot ;j{;fwf/0f ju{df eo / qf; pTkGg x'g uO{ dfgj clwsf/

hf]lvddf kg{ uPsf]

lyof] . o;}u/L r'/] efj/ Pstf ;dfhn] ljeGg ;dodf cfof]hgf u/]sf] lj/f]w Pj+ k|bz{gsf] bf}/fg

ljleGg JolQmx? dfl/Psf lyP .

/f}tx6 lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd uf}/l:yt /fO;ldn rf}/df @)^# r}q & ut] dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/d /

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf sfo{stf{jLr ePsf] em8kdf @& hgf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x? dfl/Psf / $@ hgf

3fOt] ePsf lyP . pQm 36gfdf kmf]/dsf sfo{stf{x?n] dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?nfO{ nv]6\b} cfkm\gf]

lgoGq0fdf lnO g[z+; / kfzljs tj/n] xTof u/]sf lyP . ;f] ;DaGwdf cfof]un] cg'udg u/L k|ltj]bg

;d]t ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] lyof] .

cfof]uaf6 ul/Psf] cg'udgaf6 g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf 5fkfdf/x? /x]sf] c:yfO lzlj/x?df !* jif{

d'lgsf afnaflnsfx? pNn]Vo ;+Vofdf /x]sf] kfOof] . lzlj/x?sf] ef}]lts cj:yf Hofb} gfh's /x]sf],

vfg]kfgL tyf OGwgsf] c;'ljwf, cf}ifwL pkrf/sf] cefj, ue{jtL cj:yfdf /x]sf dlxnf ;]gfx?sf]

:jf:Yo cj:yf / pkrf/sf] s'g} Joj:yf g/x]sf], vfgkfg tyf a;f]jf;sf] nflu cfjZos ;fdfu|Lsf]

cefj / ef}lts k"jf{wf/sf] cj:yf sdhf]/ /x]sf] b]lvG5 h;n] z}Go l;lj/sf] plrt Joj:yfkg ePsf]

b]lvb}g . sdhf]/ ef}lts k'jf{wf/sf sf/0f jif{fsf] ;dodf t/fO{df kfgL / xfjfx'/L Ps;fy rNg] xF'bf

ePsf 6]G6 / c? ;+/rgfx? elTsg ;Sg] / ;k{, ls6, nfdv'§]sf] ;d:of x'g ;Sg] b]lvPsf] lyof] .

lzlj/df /x]sf 5fkfdf/x?sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f vfg, a:g tyf Go"gtd tnjsf] ;d]t Aoa:yf

ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} g]kfn ;/sf/n] lzlj/ Joj:yfkgsf] nflu ah]6 klg pknAw u/fPsf] 5 .

;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gL ?kdf g]kfnnfO{{ 5'jf5't d'Qm /fi6«sf] /mkdf 3f]if0ff ul/Ptfklg hftLo cfwf/df

e]befj ug]{ sfo{ /f]lsPsf] 5}g\ . 8f]6Lsf] z}n]Zj/L dlGb/ blntx?nfO{{ k|j]zdf /f]s nufOPsf], kj{t

lhNnfdf k/LIff lbO/x]sf blnt ljBfyL{nfO{{ kfs lzIffsf] k/LIff lbgaf6 jl~rt ul/Psf], nufot

ljBfno, dlGb/ tyf ;fj{hlgs :yndf ul/Psf] e]befjnfO{{ o;sf] pbfx/0fsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .

To;}u/L ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ /fHoåf/f lbOg'kg]{ ;+/If0f tyf ;'ljwfx? glbOPsf] kfOof] . ;fy}

cNk;+Vos t];|f]lnËL JolQmx?nfO{ lje]b ul/g'sf] ;fy} k|x/L lx/f;tdf cdfgjLo Jojxf/ tyf oftgf

lbOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lx? cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf]n] pgLx?sf] dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0fdf /fHon] kof{Kt Wofg

k'Ug ;s]sf] b]lvPg .

o; cjlwdf dfgj clwsf/ /Ifssf] clwsf/sf] cj:yf klg ;Gtf]ifhgs /x]sf] kfOPg . b]zsf] dWo

tyf k'jL{ t/fOdf hf/L /x]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf !* hgf kqsf/dfly cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] cfqmd0f u/]sf

lyP eg] Ps hgf kqsf/nfO{{ k|bz{gsf] kmf]6f] ln+b} ubf{ k|x/Ln] s'6kL6 u/]sf] kfOof] . To;}u/L

cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] ;~rf/ dfWodsf] sfof{no tf]8kmf]8 ug]{, kqsf/x?nfO{{ wDsL lbg] / lj:yflkt u/fpg],

;dfrf/ ;+sngdf cj/f]w k'¥ofpg],

kqsf/x?sf] ;jf/L ;fwg tyf ;Dkltdfly tf]8kmf]8 ug]{ h:tf sfo{ ePsf lyP . To;}u/L dfgj

clwsf/sdL{nfO{{ dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] cg'udgdf /f]s nufpg] / /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf]

6f]nL r9]sf] ;jf/L ;fwgdf ;'g;/Ldf] tf]8kmf]8 ug]{ h:tf sfo{ dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/dsf sfo{stf{af6

ePsf] lyof] . gful/s ;dfhsf k|j'4 ju{dflysf] wDsL, :jtGq cfjt hfjtdf ePsf] cj/f]wn] clwsf/

/Ifssf] cj:yf klg o; cjlwdf r'gf}ltk"0f{ /x\of] . o;/L ;du|df cly{s jif{ @)^#÷^$ df klg dfgj

clwsf/sf] cj:yf ;Gtf]ifk|b x'g ;s]sf] kfOPg .

dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn]lvt cj:yfdf cfof]usf] kbflwsf/Lx? g/x]sf] cj:yfdf klg cfof]un] dfgj

clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{gsf] nflu cfˆgf lqmofsnfkx?nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] lyof] . o; cjlwdf

cfof]udf dfgj clwsf/sf] cfof]usf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, rf/ j6f If]qLo sfof{no / kfFr j6f ;Dks{

sfof{nox?df ;d]t u/L !($* ph'/Lx? k|fKt x'g cfPsf 5g\ . cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf ph'/Lx?df

;'/IffsdL{af6 xTof ul/Psf], a]kQf kfl/Psf], g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_af6 xTof ul/Psf], ckx/0f ul/Psf],

ljleGg kIfaf6 lj:yflkt u/fOPsf], ;'/IfsdL{af6 oftgf lbOPsf], g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_nufotaf6 s'6lk6

tyf cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ul/Psf], cGo kIfaf6 ckx/0f, xTof, ;Dklt sAhf ul/Psf] elgPsf ljifo

nufotsf ph'/Lx? kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . ;'/IfsdL{af6 a]kQf kfl/Psf], xTof ul/Psf] tyf oftgf lbOPsf]

elgPsf ph'/Lx? clwsf+z o; cjlweGbf cufl8sf 36gf;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf 5g\ .

cfof]udf k|fKt ph'/Lx?sf] cfwf/df cfof]un] dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg

sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] lyof] . o; cjlwdf cfof]usf]] s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo tyf ;Dks{ sfof{nox¿af6

b'O{;o krf; k6s eGbf a9L dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] af/]df cg'udg u¥of] . cg'udgaf6 k|fKt

tYox?sf] cfwf/df cg'udg :yndf g} dfgj clwsf/ cj:yf lau|g glbg ;dGjo ug'{sf] ;fy}

ckx/0fdf k/]sf s]xL JolQmx?nfO{{ sAhf d'Qm ug{ / s]xL lj:yflkt ;fj{;fwf/0fnfO{{ :yflkt u/fpg

;kmn ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L k|fKt tYox?sf] cfwf/df dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] af/]df cfd gful/sdf

hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf] ;fy} dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug{ k|]; lj1lKt dfkm{t ;Da4 kIfsf]

Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] lyof] . cfof]un] dfgjclwsf/sf] pNn+3g tyf HofbtL ePsf] egL cfof]udf kg{

cfPsf k'/fgf ph'/Lx? / o; cjlwdf kg{ cfPsf ph'/Lx? ;d]t u/L o; cjlwdf Ps xhf/ Ps ;o

eGbf a9L ph'/Lx?sf] ljifodf cg';Gwfg u/]sf] lyof] . cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] cefjdf cg';Gwfg

;DkGg ePsf ph'/LnfO{{ 6'ªUofpg ;lsPsf] 5}g .

cfof]un] afnaflnsfsf] xs lxt ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g, @)^# sf] d:of}bf pk/ >L s]Gb|Lo

afn sNof0f ;ldltnfO{{ /fo k]z u/]sf] / cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yfkg ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt @)^@ pk/

;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu 5nkmn cGt/lqmof u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf /fo k]z u/]sf] lyof] . cGtl/d

;+ljwfgdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u ;DjGwL Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg Joj:yflksf ;+;b\,

/fhgLlts bn, ;DalGwt ljifosf] lj1, u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf nufot cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?;Fu j[xt

5nkmn u/L o; ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;ldltnfO{{ ;'emfjx? k]z u/]sf] lyof] .

To;} u/L dfgj j]rljvg tyf cf];f/kf];f/ lgoGq0f ljw]os, @)^# pk/ Joj:yflksf–;+;b\ ;dIf

ljleGg ;'emfjx? k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, @)%# nfO{ cfjZos ;+zf]wg u/L

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# cg's"n agfpgsf nflu d:of}bf ljw]os k]z ug{ >L k|wfgdGqL tyf

dGqLkl/ifb\sf] sfof{noåf/f ul7t ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj u/L ;f] ljw]os lgdf{0fdf o; cfof]un] dxTjk"0f{

e"ldsf v]n]sf] lyof] . o;sf cltl/Qm ;Ddflgt ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 JolQmsf] hLjg, :jtGqtf /

;dfgtf ;DjGwL ljifodf ePsf km};nfx? g]kfn kIf ePsf dfgj clwsf/ ;DjGwL cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw

cg's"n eP gePsf] ljifodf ;d]t cWoog ul/Psf] lyof] .

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug{, gful/s ;dfh;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{, dfgj clwsf/ /

dfgjLo sfg"gsf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fpg cfof]un] ljleGg dfWofdaf6 sfo{qmdx? cufl8 a9fPsf]

lyof] . dfgj clwsf/ lzIffnfO{ cf}krfl/s ?kdf ljBfno txdf ;dfj]z ug{ o; cjlwdf cfof]un]

;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3 ;+:yf, lzIff dGqfno, ljefu, kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|, z}lIfs hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb|

nufot lzIff;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx?;Fu lg/Gt/ 5nkmn tyf ax; rnfO{ kf7\oqmddf

;dfj]z ug{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L dfgj clwsf/ lzIffsf] ;+a4{gsf] nflu cgf}krfl/s txdf klg

ljleGg tflnd uf]i7L, cled'lvs/0f sfof{zfnf uf]i7L, 5nkmn sfo{qmd cflbsf] dfWofdaf6 ljleGg ju{

tyf k]zfdf ;+nUg JolQmx?nfO{ cg'lzIf0f sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/ cufl8 a9fO{ /x]sf] 5 .

afnclwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t snfsf/x?nfO{ klg ;f] ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fO{ snfsf/x?dfkm{t klg

afnclwsf/sf] ljifodf ;r]t u/fpg] k|of; ul/Psf] lyof] . ;'/IffsdL{x?nfO{ dfgj clwsf/ tyf

dfgjLo sfg"g ljifodf tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . h;af6 dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gsf]

pNn+3gdf sdL cfpg] ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}u/L kqsf/ nufot dfgj clwsf/sdL{x?nfO{ ;d]t

dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifodf cg'lzIf0f u/fOPsf] lyof] . h;af6 dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gsf]

ljifodf ;xefuLx?n] hfgsf/L xfl;n u/]sf lyP . o;af6 dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fdf 6]jf k'Ug] b]lvG5

. cfof]usf If]qLo sfof{nox?df ul/Psf] dfgj clwsf/ k|bz{gLn] klg dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+a4{g ug{df

dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f @)^$ d+l;/ ^ df ug]{ elgPsf] ;+ljwfg ;ef

lgjf{rgdf dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg ug{sf] nflu cfof]un] tof/L ug'{sf] ;fy}

ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ;f] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . cfof]uåf/f dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f

tyf ;Da4{gsf] nflu nflu ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx?nfO{{ ;d]6]/ lgoldt ?kdf On]S6«f]lgs a'n]l6g k|sfl;t

ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+a4{g tyf cfof]usf lqmofsnfkx? tyf ;"rgfx? ;j{;fwf/0f

;dIf k'¥ofpg ;DalGwt ljifosf k|ltj]bgx? nufot cGo dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdfu|Lx?

k|sfzg / ljt/0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;} qmddf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u cGt{ut /x]sf] dlxnf /

aflnsfsf] a]rlavg;DaGwL /fli6«o ;dflwIfssf] sfof{noaf6 /fli6«o k|ltj]bg @)^@ nufot cGo

k|sfzg k|sflzt ePsf lyP . To;}u/L r]nLa]6L tyf afnaflnsf a]rljvg sfo{x?nfO{{ lgoGq0f /

lgd'{n ug]{ sfo{x?sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg ug{sf] nflu cg'udg ;"rssf] d:of}bf tof/ ul/;s]sf] 5 .

r]nLj]6L j]rljvg ;fs{ dxf;lGw sfof{Gjog af/] ;fs{ s'6g}lts :t/Lo 5nkmn ug'{sf] ;fy} ;+o'Qm /fi6«

;+3Lo r]nLj]6L j]rljvg lj?4sf] ;dflwIfs;Fu klg 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .

cfof]udf @)^# c;f/ @% b]lv kbflwsf/Lx? gePsf]n] kbflwsf/Lx?sf] oyfl;3| lgo'lQm u/L cfof]unfO{{

k"0f{tf lbgsf] nflu cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?n] ;efd'v, k|wfg Gofolw;, dGqLx?, ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf cGo

;b:ox?, k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlgwLx?, gful/s ;dfh;Fu

e]63f6 u/L Wofgfsif{0f u/fg'sf] ;fy} cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{{

bjfj ;[hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

cfof]usf] ljQLo cj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf rrf{ ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cfof]unfO{{ cfly{s jif{ )^#÷)^$

sf] nflu ?= @,)$,##,))).— -b'O{ s/f]8 rf/nfv t]lQ; xhf/ ?k}of dfq _ Psd'i6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]

lyof] . cfof]unfO{{ g]kfn ;/sf/jf6 k|fKt jh]6sf] cj:yfnfO{{ x]bf{ k|To]s jif{sf] jh]6 t'ngfTds ?kdf

al9/x]sf] b]lvG5 . h;dWo] s'n !,#@,)@,@*$.#* ?k}of vr{ ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L ljleGg bft[

lgsfoaf6 cfof]unfO{ ?= #,%*,*%*)@.*! cfly{s cg'bfg k|fKt ePsf]df @,&!,(#,))!.@# ?k}of vr{

ePsf] lyof] . To;/L cly{s ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] bft[ lgsfox?df cfof]usf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu

/x]sf] cfof]usf] Ifdtf ljsf; kl/of]hgf, Pl;of kmfp08];g, ;]e b lrN8«]g gj]{ /x]sf 5g\ . cfof]u

:yfkgf sfnb]lvsf] km5\of{}6 x'g afFsL /x]sf] s'n dxfn]vf k/LIf0f j]?h' ?=!@@,@^),)#!.%@ -Ps s/f]8

jfO; nfv 5lAj; xhf/ Pslt; ?k}of jfpGg k};f /x]sf]df o; cfly{s jif{df ?=!),!%%,@$(.@% -

Ps s/f]8, Psnfv krkGg xhf/ b'O{;o pgGkrf; ?k}of klRr; k};f dfq_ km5\of{}6 eO;s]sf] 5 .

cfof]usf] PsNf k|of; / kxnaf6 dfq dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{g x'g ;Sb}g . o;sf] nflu

/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox?jLr ;dGjo / ;DaGw x'g' lgtfGt h?/L ePsf]n] ;f] adf]lhd ljleGg

/fli6«o ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfo tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox?af6 ;xof]u / ;dGjo x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] 5

. o;/L ljleGg lgsfox?;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ub}{ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{gdf cfof]u

lqmoflzn /x]sf] 5 . h;af6 dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{g eO dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[ltsf]

ljsf;df 6]jf k'Ug uPsf] kfOof] .

o; k|ltj]bg cjlwe/L g} cfof]u kbflwsf/L ljxLg /xg k'Uof] . o;n] ubf{ cfof]un] lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{

k|d'v bfloTjx? lgjf{xdf k|lts'n c;/ k/]sf] lyof] . ljleGg r'gf}tLx¿sf] afah'b sd{rf/Lx?sf]

tkm{af6 ug{ ;lsg] sfo{x? ub}{ dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;+Dj4{gdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ePsf] 5 .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf nfdf];do;Dd kbflwsf/Lx? gx'g', dfcf]jfbL, hgtflGqs t/fO{

d'lQmdf]rf{ Hjfnfl+;x tyf uf]Ot ;d"x nufotaf6 ckx/0f ug]{ sfo{ hf/L /xg', /fHo tyf g]skf-

dfcf]jfbL_n] a]ktf tyf ckx/0f ul/Psf JolQmx?sf] ;fj{hlgs ug{ g;Sg', dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g

ePsf] 7x/ u/L kLl8t JolQmnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbgsf] nflu / kL8snfO{ sf/afxL ug{sf] nflu ul/Psf

l;kmfl/;x? dWo] /fHon] yf]/}] dfq l;kmfl/;x?sf] sfof{Gjog ug'{, lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ :yflkt

u/fpg] ;DaGwdf kof{t sfo{ gx'g' t/fO{sf] cfGbf]ng / g]kfn ;sf/ / g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_jLr ePsf]

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog gx'g' h:tf r'gf}lt /x]sf] kfOof] . dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg

;+/If0fdf ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] ;do ;dodf k|lta4tf b]vfPtfklg dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[lt

Jojxf/df gb]lvg' klg 7'nf] r'gf}ltsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg tyf ;+/If0f u/L

pNn]lvt cj:yfdf ;'wf/ NofO{ dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[lt lgdf{0fdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg /fHokIf, g]skf-

dfcf]jfbL_ nufot ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts kf6L{x? nufot cGo ;/]fsf/jfnfx?n] Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Nofpg

cfjZos b]lvG5 . o; k|ltj]bgsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f o; kl5sf kl/R5]bx? / cg';"rLdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf]

5 .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u aflif{s k|ltj]bg @)^#÷)^$

1

kl/R5]b Ps cfof]usf] dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{g;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿

!= k[i7e"ld

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+a4{g ug]{ k|d'v bfloTj Pjd\ lhDd]jf/Lsf ;fy dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g

@)%# adf]lhd @)%& ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{ hgcfGbf]ng efu b'O{sf]

pknAwL :j?k cfPsf] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n] ;+j}wflgs lgsfosf] ?kdf :yflkt u/]sf] 5 .

cfof]un] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g} dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{g ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . pQm ;+ljwfgsf]

efu !^ df dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] af/]df pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !#! df

cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm, of]Uotf cflbsf] af/]df pNn]v u/]sf] 5 . wf/f !#@ df /fli6«o dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] ljifodf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L ;f]xL ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f

!## df cfof]un] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL ;dIf k]z ug{], k|wfgdGqLn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–

;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf /flvPsf] 5 . ;f]xL wf/fdf jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm /fli6«o

dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf jif{e/L k/]sf ph'/L, To:tf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] 5fgjLg / cg';Gwfgsf]

ljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{{ ljleGg ljifodf u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf] ljj/0f, dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ug{] JolQm

lj?4 s'g} d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ;+Vof, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsf ;DaGwdf eljiodf

ug'{ kg{] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f ;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 -lj:t[t ljj/0f cg';"rL ! df

lbOPsf] 5_ . ;f]xL Joj:yf cg'?k cfof]un] u/]sf sfd sf/afxLx?sf] af/]df g]kfn ;/sf/ nufot

;j{;fwf/0fx?nfO{ ;d]t hfgsf/L u/fpg] k|of]hgsf] nflu of] jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] xf] .

o; k|ltj]bgsf] klxnf] v08df dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf / cfof]un] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf

;+a4{gdf u/]sf] sfo{x?sf] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . bf];|f]] kl/R5]bdf cfof]usf] k|zf;lgs tyf

kl/of]hgfx?sf] sfo{sf] af/]df rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 . k|ltj]bgsf] t];|f] kl/R5]bdf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o

;DaGwsf] ljifodf rrf{ ug'{sf] ;fy} rf}yf] kl/R5]bdf pknAwL, r'gf}tL tyf l;kmfl/;x? k|:t't ul/Psf]

5 . cfof]udf ljleGg ;|f]taf6 k|fKt cfDbfgL tyf vr{sf] ;d]t hfgsf/L pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 .

cfof]uaf6 ul/Psf] cg'udg, cg';Gwfg, tyf ljleGg lgsfoaf6 k|sflzt k|ltj]bgx? nufotsf

;|f]taf6 k|fKt hfgsf/Lsf] cfwf/df k|ltj]bg k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . k|:t't jflif{s k|ltj]bgn] @)^# >fj0f

! ut]b]lv @)^$ c;f/ d;fGt ;Ddsf] cjlwnfO{ ;d]6]sf] 5 . o;n] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g tyf

HofbtLsf ;a} 36gfx? / dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf ePsf ;a} pknAwLx?nfO{ g;d]6]sf] klg x'g ;S5 .

tyflk dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] k|j[lt / cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg / cfof]uaf6 ePsf

sfo{x?sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg k|of; ul/Psf] 5 .

!=! dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yf / ;+/If0f;DaGwL sfo{

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf]] k|d'v bfloTj dWo]sf] Ps dxTjk"0f{ bfloTj dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f

ug'{ /x]sf] 5 . ;f]xL bfloTj k'/f ug{sf] nflu cfof]un] ljleGg lqmofsnfkx? ;~rfng ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifout cj:yfsf] af/]df / dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ;DaGwdf cfof]uaf6 ul/Psf

lqmofsnfkx?sf] ljifodf lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .


2

!=!=! afFRg kfpg] clwsf/

hLjgsf] clwsf/ dfgj clwsf/sf] dxTjk"0f{ ljifo xf] . hLjgsf] clwsf/;Fu cGo w]/} clwsf/ ufFl;P/

cfPsf x'G5g\\ . dfgj clwsf/sf] ljZjJofkL 3f]if0ff !($*, gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/ ;DaGwL

cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGw !(^^, cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;fF:s[lts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGw !(^^

nufotsf ljleGg b:tfj]hx?df JolQmsf] hLjgsf] clwsf/nfO{{ ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn

clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg @)$& n] d[To' b08 x'g] u/L sfg"g agfpg /f]s nufPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L g]kfnsf]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n] k|To]s JolQmnfO{{ ;Ddfgk"j{s afFRg kfpg] xs x'g]5, d[To'b08sf] ;hfoF x'g]

u/L s'g} sfg"g agfOg] 5}g / sfg"g adf]lhd afx]s s'g} klg JolQmsf] j}olQms :jtGqtfsf] ckx/0f

x'g]5}g1 egL hLjgsf] clwsf/nfO{{ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] 5 . oBlk o;jif{ klg g]kfn ;/sf/, g]skf-

dfcf]jfbL_, dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d, hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQm df]rf{ nufotsf cGo ;z:q ;d"x,

k|ltsf/ ;ldlt, c1ft JolQm jf ;d"xaf6 ;d]t !#* JolQmsf] afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf] xgg ePsf]

kfOof] . h;dWo] sf/fuf/df cfTdxTof u/]sf] Ps hgfsf] ;d]t ljj/0f ;dfj]z /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L

adljikmf]6gdf k/L @$ hgf JolQmx? dfl/Psf 5g\ .2 t/fO{df ;z:q ;d"x tyf cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0f ljif]z u/L t/fO{ If]qdf JolQm xTofsf 36gfx?df j[l4 ePsf] kfOof] .

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgdf dw]zL ;d'bfo / ljleGg hfthfltsf ljifonfO{{ ;d]6\g g;s]sf] egL z'?

ePsf] cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf w]/} JolQmx?n] Hofg u'dfPsf 5g\\ . t/fO{ If]qdf ;+3Lo :jfoQtfsf] dfu /fvL

ljleGg ;d"xaf6 cfof]hgf ul/Psf] cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf w]/} wghgsf] Iflt x'g k'Uof] . /f}tx6 lhNnfsf]

;b/d'sfd uf}/l:yt /fO;ldn rf}/df @)^# r}q & ut] dw];L hgflwsf/ kmf]/d / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_

sf sfo{stf{aLr lx+;fTds em8k eO kmf]/dsf sfo{stf{af6 cdfgjLo ?kdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf @&

hgf sfo{stf{x? dfl/Psf / $@ hgf 3fOt] ePsf lyP . To;}u/L r'/] efj/ Pstf ;dfhn] klg lj/f]w

sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . pQm cfgbf]ngsf] qmddf klg ljleGg JolQmx? dfl/Psf lyP . dw];L

hgclwsf/ kmf]/daf6 ePsf] cfGbf]ngdf w]/} hgwgsf] Iflt x'g k'Uof], To;}u/L hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQm

df]rf{ -HJffnf l;+x / uf]Ot_ nufotaf6 ePsf] ;z:q ultljlwsf sf/0fn] klg t/fO{ If]qdf dflg;sf]

afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ k|efljt ePsf] 5 .

;'/IffsdL{sf] oftgfsf] sf/0f lx/f;tdf /x]sf JolQmx?sf] ;d]t d[To' ePsf] 5 eg] k|bz{g tyf

cfGbf]ng lgoGq0f ug]{ qmddf w]/} JolQmx? dfl/Psf 5g\ . To;}u/L ;'/IffsdL{x?jLr ePsf] emu8fsf]

sf/0f / åGåsf] ;dodf a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf 5fl8Psf ad ljikmf]6gsf] sf/0f ;d]t JolQm dfl/Psf 5g\ .

o;/L ljleGg 36gfdf ;'/IffsdL{af6 #* JolQmx? dfl/Psf] hfgsf/L cfof]udf k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

h;df Ps hgf ef/tLo ;'/IffsdL{sf] sf/0faf6, Ps hgf g]kfnL ;]gfsf] sf/0faf6 ;d]t dfl/Psf lyP

eg] cGo g]kfn k|x/Laf6 dfl/Psf lyP .

1 wf/f !@ pkwf/f !,@, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#, sfg"g lstfj ;ldt aa/dxn sf7df08f} . 2 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uaf6 k|sflzt ^ dlxg] o'4lj/fdsf] cjlwdf dfgj clwsf/ cj:yf ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg @)^#, zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwdf dfgj clwsf/ cj:yf @)^#, zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwdf dfgj clwsf/ cj:yf @)^$ df cfwfl/t


3

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ kIfaf6 klg o; cjlwdf !# hgf JolQmsf] xTof ul/Psf] hfgsf/L cfof]udf k|fKt

ePsf] lyof] . dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dsf] sf/0f uf}/ 36gf ;lxt #) JolQm dfl/Psf lyP . hgtflGqs

t/fO{ d'lQm df]rf{ HJffnf l;+xsf sfo{stf{x?n] !! hgf / hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQm df]rf{ uf]Ot ;d"xsf

sfo{stf{x?n] !@ hgf JolQmsf] xTof u/]sf lyP . To;}u/L k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf JolQmx?n] klg # hgf

JolQmsf] u/]sf lyP . :yfgLo ufpFn]x? / k|bz{gsf/L;d]tn] s'6lk6 ubf{ ( hgf JolQm dfl/Psf 5g\ .

c1ft JolQm jf ;d"xn] @@ JolQmsf] xTof u/]sf] hfgsf/L cfof]udf k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

o; cjlwdf xTof ;DaGwdf cfof]udf ##* ph'/L kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . k|fKt ph'/L dWo] ;'/IffsdL{af6

dfl/Psf] eGg] @@*, g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_af6 dfl/Psf] eGg] *( / cGo ;d"x tyf c1ft JolQmaf6 dfl/Psf]

eGg] @! ph'/L /x]sf 5g\\ . k|fKt ph'/Lx? dWo] clwsf+z ph'/Lx? lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf x'g' eGbf

cufl8 ;z:q åGåsf] ;dodf 36]sf 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf kg{ cfPsf 5g\\ . To;/L k|fKt ph'/Lsf]

;DaGwdf cfof]uaf6 :ynut cg'udg ePsf] lyof] . h;sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL @ df lbOPsf] 5 .

To;}u/L k|fKt ph'/Lx?sf] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf 5g\ . o; cjlwdf ;DkGg

cg';Gwfgsf] ljj/0f cg';"rL # df lbOPsf] 5 . cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfgsf] cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/

tyf cGo ;Da4 kIfnfO{{ dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gsf] ;+/If0f / ;Ddfg ug{ cfu|x ul/Psf]

5 .

To;}u/L ljutdf 36]sf 36gfx?sf] ;DaGwdf cfof]un] cg';Gwfg u/L u/]sf l;kmfl/;sf] sfof{Gjog

gx'Fbf dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gdf gful/sx?sf] xTofdf ;+nUg AolQmnfO{{ sfg"gL k|lqmof cg'?k ;hfo

gx'Fbf b08lxgtf -Impunity_ n] k|>o kfO/x]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] pQ/bfoL / lhDd]jf/ eO o;

lbzfdf sbd rfn]df b08lxgtf -Impunity_ sf] cGTo x'g] ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

!=!=@ oftgf, s'6lk6 / cdfgjLo Jojxf/ lj?4sf] clwsf/

o; cjlwdf klg g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ / /fHo

kIf b'j}af6 cfˆgf sAhfdf /x]sf

JolQmx¿nfO{{ ljleÌ lsl;dsf] oftgf lbg],

b'Jo{jxf/ tyf cdfgjLo Jojxf/ ug]{ qmd

/f]lsPsf] 5}g . k|x/L lx/f;tdf /flvPsf

JolQmx?nfO{{ k|x/Ln] oftgf lbg] u/]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 . ljleGg :yfgdf ePsf

k|bz{gx?nfO{{ lgoGq0f ug]{ qmddf g]kfn

k|x/Lsf JolQmx?n] cTolws zlQm k|of]u ubf

w]/} JolQmx? 3fOt] ePsf lyP . To;}u/L

s]xL :yfgdf g]kfnL ;]gfsf JolQmx?n] ;j{;fwf/0f JolQmx?dfly s'6kL6 tyf b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ u/]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 . h'Dnf, af/f tyf k;f{df k|x/Lx?af6 kqsf/x?dfly klg xftkft ug'{sf] ;fy} b'Jo{jxf/

ul/Psf] kfOof] .

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ 6f]nL;Fu cfof]usf] 6f]nL lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg ub}{


4

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf sfo{stf{x? tyf of]+Ë sDo'lgi6 lnusf sfo{stf{x?af6 ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, /fhgLlts

bnsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{, lzIfs, ljBfyL{, dhb'/ tyf ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfx?nfO{{{ s'6lk6 ug]{, b'Jo{jxf/

ug]{, j}rfl/s cf:yf gldNg] /fhgLlts JolQmTjx?nfO{{ sfnf] df];f] nufpg], ljleGg lsl;dsf wfswDsL

lbO{ dfgl;s tgfj a9fpg] h:tf sfo{x? ub}{ cfPsf] kfOof] . dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{af6 ;dfhdf

zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug]{, Gofo k|bfg ug]{ gfddf o:tf lqmofsnfk x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L cfˆgf]

lj?4df sfd ug]{ tyf eg]sf] gdfGg] / dfu]sf] rGbf pknAw gu/fpg] JolQmx?nfO{{ klg oftgf lbg]

tyf b'Jo{jxf/ ug]{ ul/Psf] kfOof] . To;}u/L csf]{ /fhgLlts cf:yf /fVg] JolQmx?nfO{{ cfˆgf] sfo{qmd

;+rfngdf cj/f]w k'¥ofpg] h:tf sfo{x? g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_;Da4 JolQmx?af6 lg/Gt/ ?kdf x'Fb} cfPsf

5g\ .

o; cfly{s jif{df oftgf, s'6lk6 tyf b'Jo{jxf/ ;DaGwdf @&@ j6f ph'/Lx? cfof]udf btf{ ePsf

5g\ . btf{ ePsf ph'/Lx?df /fHo tkm{af6 oftgf lbOPsf] elgPsf] ;DaGwdf !^^, g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_

kIfaf6 s'6kL6 tyf b'Jo{jxf/ ul/Psf] elgPsf] ;DaGwdf (# / cGo kIfaf6 s'6lk6 tyf b'Jo{jxf/

ul/Psf] elgPsf !# j6f ph'/Lx? /x]sf 5g\ . k|fKt ph'/Lx?sf] cfwf/df cfof]un] cg'udg tyf

cg';Gwfg u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L pQm ljifox?df ljleGg ;dodf k]|; lj1lKt hf/L u/L ;Da4 kIfnfO{{

o; lsl;dsf lqmofsnfk gu{gsf] nflu cfXjfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

!=!=# :jtGqtf / ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/

s_ wDsL

wDsL lbg] sfo{n] dflg;n] dflg; eP/ :jtGqtf / ;'/Iffsf ;fy afFRg kfpg] clwsf/nfO{{ cf]em]ndf

kf/]sf] 5 . 8/qf;, wfswDsLk"0f{ sfo{n] ;~rf/sdL{, lrlsT;s, /fhgLlts bnsf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{,

pBf]uL Joj;foL, sd{rf/L, lzIfs, ljBfyL{, ;j{;fwf/0f ;d]t ;a} If]q / ju{sf dflg;nfO{{ hLjgofkg

ug{ sl7g kl//x]sf] kfOG5 . cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf ph'/L, cfof]usf] cg'udg tyf ;~rf/ dfWoddf

k|sflzt tyf k|;fl/t ;dfrf/x?n] ;f]xL tYo b]vfO/x]sf] 5 . g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ / p;sf eft[ ;+u7gx?

of]Ë sDo"lgi6 lnu -jfO;LPn_, 6«]8 o'lgog, u0ftflGqs dhb'/ ;+u7g ;d]taf6 ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{{ Hofg

dfg]{ wDsL lbOPsf ph'/Lx? cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] ph'/L lnO tf/]vdf af]nfpg]

/ /fVg] sfo{ hf/L /x]sf], 8/qf; b]vfO s'6lk6 u/L oftgf lbO Hofg dfg]{;Ddsf] wfswDsL b]vfpg] sfo{

u/]sf], JolQmsf] hUuf ;DaGwL ljjfb, c+z tyf JolQmut n]gb]gsf] ljifodf tf/]vdf af]nfO{ cfkm"

cg's"nsf] sfo{ gePdf Hofg dfg]{ wDsL lbg] u/]sf], cfkm"n] eg] adf]lhdsf] ;dfrf/ k|sflzt gu/]sf]df

kqsf/nfO{{ ef}lts sf/afxL ug]{ wDsL lbPsf], rGbf dfUg] sfo{ hf/L /x]sf] / dfu] adf]lhdsf] /sd

glbPdf Hofg dfg]{ wDsL lbg] u/]sf] nufotsf ph'/Lx? cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf 5g\ .

To;}u/L Od]h Rofgn 6]lnlehg tyf Pkm\Pd\nfO{{ kqklqsfsf] ;dfrf/ ;fef/sf qmddf k|;f/0f ePsf]

;dfrf/nfO{{ lnP/ hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQm df]rf{ -uf]Ot_ sf ;+of]hsn] k|]; lj1lKt dfkm{t t/fO{df

sfo{/t Od]h Rofgnsf ;Dk"0f{ ;+jfbbftf tyf kqsf/nfO{{ ef}lts sf/afxL ug{ cfˆgf sfo{stf{nfO{{

lgb]{zg hf/L u/]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . t/fO{sf ljleGg lhNnfsf ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L


5

sfof{nodf sfo{/t kxf8L d"nsf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{{ t/fO{ If]q g5f8]df t/fO{ hgtflGqs d'lQm df]rf{ -

Hjfnf l;+x_ / t/fO{ 6fOu;{n] sf/afxL ug]{ 8/qf; Pj+ wDsL lbg] u/]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] .

o; cjlwdf wDsL lbPsf] ;DaGwdf !@( ph'/Lx? k/]sf 5g\ . h;dWo] ;'/IffsdL{n] wDsL lbPsf]

;DaGwdf !! j6f, g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] wDsL lbPsf] ;DaGwdf () j6f / cGo kIfaf6 wDsL lbPsf]

;DaGwdf @* j6f ph'/Lx? kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . cfof]udf k|fKt ph'/Lx?sf] cfwf/df cfof]un] cg'udg

tyf cg';Gwfg u/]sf] lyof] . sltko ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf tTsfn k|]; lj1lKt hf/L u/L To:tf sfo{df

;+nUg kIfnfO{{ Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg] sfo{ ePsf] lyof] .

v_ a]kQf

dflg;nfO{{ ank"j{s a]kQf agfpg] sfo{ dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNn+3g xf] . of] Pp6f dfgjtf

lj?4sf] ck/fw klg xf]] . tyfkL g]kfnsf] ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf /fHoaf6 JolQmx?nfO{{ kqmfp u/L a]kQf

kfg]{ tyf g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ af6 hj{h:tL sAhfdf lnO{ cj:yf c1ft agfpg] sfo{n] lg/Gt/tf kfof] .

zflGt ;Demf}tf kl5 JolQmnfO{{ /fHokIfn] kqmfp u/L a]kQf kfg]{ qmddf pNn]Vo ?kn] 36]sf] 5 . t/

z;:q åGåsf] qmddf j]kQf kfl/Psf elgPsf ph'/Lx¿ xfn ;Dd klg cfof]udf btf{ eO{/x]sf 5g\ . .

o;}u/L ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf ;]gfn] kj|mfp u/L g]kfnL ;]gfsf] e}/jgfy tyf o'4e}/j u0f ;d]taf6

a]kQf kfl/Psf elgPsf JolQmx¿sf] ;DaGwdf cfof]un] cfkm\gf] cg';Gwfg clGtd r/0fdf k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

nfdf] ;do ;Dd cfof]u kbflwsf/LljxLg ePsf] sf/0f pQm cg';GwfgnfO{ clGtd 6'Ëf]df k'¥ofpg

;lsPsf] 5}g .

;'/IffsdL{åf/f kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] JolQmx?sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ul/kfpgsf] nflu kLl8tsf

cfkmGtn] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lbPsf] aGbLk|ToIfLs/0fsf] d'2fdf cbfntdf pkl:yt eO cbfntsf] lg0f{o

k|s[ofdf cfof]uaf6 ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] sfo{ klg x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx¿sf]

tkm{af6 cfof]un] ;d]t Plds; So"/Lsf] ?kdf ax; u/]sf] lyof] . pQm d'2fdf cbfntn] @)^$ ;fn h]7

!* ut] P]ltxfl;s km};nf ub}{ kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{{ /fxt, bf]ifL ;'/IffsdL{x¿sf] klxrfg u/L sf/afxL,

j]kQf kfl/Psf JoLQmx¿sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ug{ pRr:t/Lo zlQmzfnL cfof]u / j]kQf kfg]{ lj?4sf]

sfg"g Nofpg ;/sf/sf gfpFdf cfb]z hf/L u/]sf] 5 . ldlt @)^# df3 & ut] cfof]usf] s]Gb|Lo

sfof{nosf] ;efsIfdf dfgj clwsf/ pn+3gsf kLl8t kIf tyf kqsf/aLr cGt/lqmof sfo{qmdsf]

cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf /fHoåf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf tyf g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ af6 sAhfdf lnO{

cj:yf c1ft kfl/Psf kLl8t kl/jf/x?n] åGå/t kIfx?af6 a]kQf kfl/Psfx?sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ug{

tyf b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ug{ cfu|x u/]sf lyP .

a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx?sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ug{ /fHoåf/f a]kQf kl/jf/ ;dfhsf] ;s[otfdf uf]i7L

ug]{, k|wfgdGqLsf] sfof{no,;+;b ;lrjfnodf wgf{ lbg] nufotsf lg/Gt/ bjfjd"ns sfo{qmdx? ePsf

lyP\ . To;}u/L j]kQf kl/jf/ ;dfhn] nlntk'/df /fli6«o e]nfsf] cfof]hgf ;d]t u/]sf] lyof]] . o:tf

sfo{qmdx?df cfof]usf] 6f]nLn] ;lqmotfk"j{s cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] . o;}aLrdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] a]kQf

JolQmx?sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df hfFra'em ug{ egL ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k"j{ GofowLz g/]Gb| axfb'/ Gof}kfg]sf]


6

cWoIftfdf Ps ;ldlt u7g u/] klg pQm ;ldlt ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] ldlt @)^$.@.!* sf] km};nf

adf]lhd gePsf], :jtGq, lgikIf / pRr:t/Lo, ljZj;gLo gePsf] egL ljleGg If]qaf6 cfnf]rgf

ePsf] xF'bf pQm ;ldltn] xfn;Dd klg sfd ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .

JolQmx?nfO{{ a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{ dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNn+3g ePsf] egL /fli6«o / cGt/fli{6«o If]qaf6

Jofks cfnf]rgf eP klg g]kfn ;/sf/ a]kQf gful/sx?sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ug{ ;lqmo ePsf]

kfOPg . lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ b'j} kIfåf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf

JolQmx?sf] tyf o'4sf] ;dodf dfl/Psfx?sf] jf:tljs gfd, y/ / 3/sf] 7]ufgf ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn]

^) lbgleq ;"rgfx? ;fj{hlgs u/L kl/jf/hg ;d]tnfO{{ hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg] k|lta4tf JoQm

ePtfklg ;f] cg'?k x'g ;s]g . h;n] ubf{ a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf kl/jf/x? cem kLl8t x'g k'u]sf

5g\ .

o; cjlwdf cfof]usf] cg';Gwfg 6f]nLn] wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, af/f, k;f{, lrtjg, dsjfgk'/,

/;'jf, g'jfsf]6, sfe|]knfGrf]s, wflbË, sf7df08f}, df]/ª, ;+v'jf;ef, alb{of, afFs], s}nfnL, s~rgk'/,

nufotsf lhNnfx¿df uO{ a]kQf kfl/Psf] elgPsf JolQmx¿sf] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg u/]sf] lyof] .

/fHoåf/f a]kQf ePsf gful/sx¿sf] l:ylt ;fj{hlgs ug{ ul7t 5fgljg ;ldltn] ldlt @)^# .^ .^ df

cfˆgf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs u¥of] . pQm k|ltj]bgdf !&$ hgf JolQmx¿sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf]

atfOP klg To;df kQf nufPsf elgPsf s]xL JolQmx¿ ce}m a]kQf /x]sf 5g\ . pQm k|ltj]bgdf ^))

hgf JolQmx¿sf] cj:yf ce}m c1ft /x]sf] hgfOPsf] lyof] .

ljleÌ ldltdf a]kQf kfl/Psf egL cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf] ph'/Lx¿sf ;DaGwdf g]kfn k|x/L;Fu hfgsf/L

dfu u/L kqfrf/ ul/of] . To;sf] k|To'Q/df k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no dfgj clwsf/ zfvfn] ldlt @)^# .%

.!@ df /fHoåf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf elgPsf %*# hgf, g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f cj:yf c1ft kfl/Psf

elgPsf ##! / x/fO/x]sf elgPsf %^ hgfsf] ljj/0f k7fof] . o;af6 s]xL JolQmx¿sf] cj:yf

;fj{hlgs eof] .

cfof]udf xfn;Dd ;'/IffsdL{åf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf] egL @!!# ph'/Lx? k/]sf 5g\ To;dWo ^%( hgfsf]

l:ylt cem} ;fj{hlgs x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . o; cjlwdf ;'/IfsdL{n] kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] ;DaGwdf

!^! j6f ph'/Lx? cfof]udf k/]sf 5g\ . clwsf+z ph'/Lx? ;z:q åGåsf] qmddf a]kQf kf/]sf] ;DaGwdf

kg{ cfPsf lyP .

u_ ckx/0f÷sAhf

s'g} klg JolQmsf] ckx/0f ug]{, sAhfdf lng] h:tf sfo{x? dfgj clwsf/ lj?4sf sfo{ dflgG5g\ .

nfdf] ;z:q åGåkl5 zflGt k|s[ofdf ;fd]n ePsf] g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_, t/fO{df ;z:q cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf

ljleGg ;d"xx? nufot ljleGg ck/flws ;d"x tyf JolQmaf6 ;d]t JolQm ckx/0f tyf SAhfdf lng]

sfo{ eO/x]sf 5g\ . g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf ul/;s]kl5 klg JolQmsf] ckx/0f ug]{


7

tyf sAhfdf lng] sfo{ ul//x]sf 5g\ . g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] hgjuL{o ;Ë7g of]+u sDo'lgi6 lnu, g]jfM

/fli6«od'lQm df]rf{ nufot;Fu cfj4 ;d"xx?af6 ljBfyL{, lzIfs, Jofkf/L, pBf]uklt, sd{rf/L, ljleGg

kf6L{sf g]tf tyf sfo{stf{, dhb'/, ;'/Iff lgsfosf JolQmx? nufot ljleGg k]zf tyf Joj;fodf

;+nUg JolQmsf] ckx/0f ug]{ sfo{ hf/L /fv]sf 5g\ . g]skf dcf]jfbLn] dfu u/]sf] rGbf glbPdf ,

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_lj?4 nfu]sf] cf/f]df, zflGt;'/Iff sfod ug]{ afxfgfdf, ljleGg cf/f]k nfu]sf elgPsf

JolQm;Fu ;f]wk'5 ug{, g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_åf/f cfof]lht sfo{qmddf ;xefuL u/fpg cflb k|of]hgsf] nflu

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] ckx/0f ug]{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . ckx/0f kZrft s]xL JolQm dfl/Psf] ;d]t kfOPsf]

5 . o; jif{sf] z"?sf] cjlwdf afnaflnsfnfO{{ ;}Go ultljlwdf nufpg] sfo{sf] nflu klg ckx/0f

ul/Psf] lyof] . To;/L ljleGg jfxgfdf ckx/0f ul/Psf JolQmx?nfO{{ s]xLnfO{{ s'6kL6 tyf b'Jo{jxf/

kl5 d'Qm ul/Psf] kfOof] . lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf b'j} kIfåf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx?sf] tyf åGåsf]

;dodf dfl/Psfx?sf] jf:tljs gfd, y/ / 3/sf] 7]ufgf ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ^) lbgleq ;"rgfx?

;fj{hlgs u/L kl/jf/hg ;d]tnfO{{ hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg] k|lta4tf JoQm ePtfklg ;f] cg'?k x'g

;s]g .

To;}u/L t/fO{ If]qsf ljleGg lhNnfdf hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'QmL df]rf{ -Hjfnfl;+x, uf]Ot ;d"x_,sf

sfo{stf{x?n] ;'g;/L, l;/fx, /f}tx6 ;Kt/L nufotsf lhNnfx?df JolQm ckx/0f ug]{ sfo{ hf/L /fv]sf

5g\ . pQm ;d"xn] ljleGg JolQmsf] ckx/0f u/L xTof ug]{ ;Ddsf] sfo{ u/]sf] kfOG5 . pQm ;d'xaf6

ckx/0f ul/Psf k|foh;f] kxf8L d'nsf JolQmx? lkm/f}tL lbP kZrft dfq l/xf ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt

ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L dw]zL 6fOu/ nufotsf gfdaf6 ljleGg ;d"xx?n] JolQmx?nfO{{ hj{h:tL

sAhfdf lnO cj:yf c1ft agfpg], s'6lk6 ug]{ tyf xTof ug]{ sfo{ u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;sf ;fy}

ck/flws ;d"xaf6 klg JolQmsf] ckx/0f ug]{ sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 .

xfn ;Dd g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_af6 sAhfdf lnO{ cj:yf c1ft kfl/Psf egL *%# hgfsf] ph'/L k|fKt x'g

cfPsf]df !&$ hgfsf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . k|ltj]bg cjlwdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f

sAhfdf lnOPsf] egL @@$ j6f ph'/Lx? cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . o; cjlwdf hgtflGqs t/fO{

d'QmL df]rf{ uf]O{t ;d"x / Hjfnf l;x+ ;d"x ;d]t cGo jf c1ft kIfn] ckx/0f u/]sf] ;DaGwdf !)&

j6f ph'/Lx? cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . o;/L ckx/0f tyf sAhf ;DaGwdf kg{ cfPsf ph'/Lx?sf]

cfof]uaf6 cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg u/]sf] lyof] . o;/L cfof]uaf6 ljleGg 36gfsf ;DaGwdf u/]sf]

cg'udgsf] ljj/0f cg';"rL @ df lbOPsf] 5 . cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfgaf6 k|fKt x'g cfPsf tYosf]

cfwf/df ;DalGwt lgsfo;Fu kqfrf/ ug]{, Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg], cfof]u cfkm}n] ;DalGwt kIf;Fu e]63f6

u/L l/xf u/fpg kxn ug]{, h:tf sfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L k|]; lj1lKt dfkm{t klg ;DalGwt

kIfsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

!=!=$ /fhgLlts clwsf/

/fhgLlts clwsf/sf] l:ylt ;DaGwdf o; jif{ s]xL ;'wf/f]Gd'v /x]sf] kfOof] . g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf-

dfcf]jfbL_jLr lj:t[t zflGt ;'Demf}tf ePkl5 @)^# df3 ! ut] g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfg @)^# hf/L ePsf] lyof] . cGtl/d ;/sf/åf/f @)^$ h]7 dlxgfleq :jtGq / lgikIf ?kdf


8

;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/L g]kfnL hgtfdf cGtlg{lxt ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] Jojxfl/s k|Tofe"lt

lbg] egL lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] @)^$d+l;/ ^ ut]sf] nflu

;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rgsf] tLly tf]ssf] lyof] .

;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rg k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sng ug{sf] v6fOPsf

6f]nLnfO{{ dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sng ug{] qmddf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf sfo{stf{x?n] sf7df08f}

dxfgu/kflnsfsf] j8f g+ ^, &, *, ( nufot nlntk'/ lhNnfsf] ljleGg u|fld0f Onfsfdf dtbftf

gfdfjnL ;+sngdf cj/f]w k'¥ofOPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L wflbË lhNNffsf b'O j6f :yfgx? vfN8] /

;Nofg6f/ uf=lj=; af6 dtbftf gfdfjnL vf]l;Psf]df kl5 -dfcf]jfbL_n] gfdfjnL lkmtf{ ePsf] lyof] .

ljleGg lhNnfdf dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sngdf -dfcf]jfbL_ sfo{stf{x?af6 cj/f]w k'¥ofOPsf] tYo

cfof]udf k|fKt ePsf lyP . d"nt c:yfoL dtbftfnfO{{ dtbftf gfdfjnLdf ;dfj]z gu/]sf] eGg]

cf/f]kdf -dfcf]jfbL_sf sfo{stf{n] cj/f]w k'¥ofPsf] kfOof] .

cfof]un] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgsf] l;nlznfdf ljleGg r/0fdf x'g] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf

laifox?df ph'/L u|x0f, cg'udg, cg';Gwfg, cjnf]sg nufotsf cfjZostf cg';f/sf P]gåf/f k|bQ

sfo{x?;lqmotf k"j{s u/L cfPsf] 5 . o;} cg'?k cfof]un] dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sngsf] cjlwb]lv g}

cfˆgf] cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{ z'? ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;fy} ;ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf gful/ssf

clwsf/, lgikIf tyf eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf lgjf{rg ;DkGg u/fpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpgsf] nflu cfof]un]

k|a4{gfTds sfo{x? ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . cfof]un] lgjf{rg k'j{, lgjf{rg cjlw / lgjf{rg kZrft klg

dfgjclwsf/ pNn+3g;Fu ;DalGwt laifox?df cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg ug]{ of]hgf agfPsf] lyof] .

!=!=% cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/

dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ ljleGg ;+3, ;+:yfx?n] klg cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts

clwsf/nfO{{ dxTj lbO sfo{ u/]sf] kfOb}g . dfgj hLjgsf] nflu ckl/xfo{ clwsf/x? -h:t} ufF;, jf;,

skf;sf] clwsf/_ cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ cGt{ut k/]tfklg pNn]lvt clwsf/

nufot cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;+f:s[lts clwsf/x?sf] /fHon] k"0f{ ?kdf ;Ddfg ug{ ;s]sf] kfOPg .

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_af6 cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/sf] pkef]udf afwf cj/f]w k'¥ofOPsf

w]/} ph'/Lx? kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/n] NofPsf] cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt ;DalGw /fli6«o gLltn]

to u/]sf sfo{s|dx? ;d]t nfu' x'g ;s]gg\ . To;}u/L a “fs], alb{of, s}nfnL, sr+gk'/ / bfË lhNnfdf

/x]sf] k"j{ sd}ofx?sf] l:ytLdf vf;} ;'wf/ cfpg g;s]sf] tyf lghx?sf] k'g{:yfkgf tyf k'g{jf;sf]

nflu NofOPsf sfo{s|dx? nfu' gePsf] / To:tf sfo{s|ddf ;a} k"j{ sd}ofx?sf] kx+'r ePsf] kfOPg .

cfunfuL tyf af9Lsf] sf/0fn] lj:yflkt gful/ssf] k'g{:yfkgf ;DaGwL sfo{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf ePsf]

kfOPg . ef]s lj?4sf] clwsf/ kfPsf gful/sx?n] vfBfGgsf] cefj eO{ ef]sd/Lsf] l:ytL pTkGg

x'“bf;Dd ;'b'/ tyf dWoklZrdsf s]xL lhNnfx?df /fHoaf6 kof{Kt vfBfGg ljt/0f x'g ;s]sf] kfOPg .

g]kfn clw/fHoe/ /x]sf sf/fuf/sf aGbLx?n] cfkm\gf] cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ k|of]u

ug{ gkfPsf] tyf sf/fuf/ leqsf] ;]jf, ;'ljwf / aGbLsf] clwsf/x? Go'gtd dfkb08 eGbf clt g} tn

/x]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;sf] lj?4df / aGbLx?sf] cfd dfkmLsf] dfu /fvL aGbLx?n] cfd/0f cg;g a;L


9

cfGbf]ng u/]sf lyP . pQm cfGbf]ngsf] cfof]un] cg'udg u/L cg;gdf a;]sfsf] dfgjLo l:ytLnfO{{

Wofg lbO{ :jf:Yo pkrf/sf] nflu Joj:yf ldnfpg Pjd\ ef}lts cj:yf ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu l;kmfl/;

;d]t u/]sf] lyof] .

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] ljleGg ;dodf cfof]hgf

u/]sf] aGb, rSsfhfd tyf t/fO{df -dw]z_

/x]sf ljleGg ;z:q ;d'x tyf ljleGg hflto ;+3,

;+u7g tyf cGo ;+3, ;+u7gx?n] cfof]uhgf ug]{

aGb rSsfhfd h:tf sfo{x?n] ubf{ ;fj{hlgs

oftfoftsf ;fwgx?, lzIf0f ;+:yf, sn

sf/vfgf, ahf/ cfbL aGb x'g uO{ gful/sx?

:jtGqk"j{s cfjthfjt ug]{ clwsf/, s'g} k]zf

/f]huf/ tyf Aoj:ffo ug]{ :jtGqtf, cfkm\gf]

;DklQ ef]u rng ug]{ clwsf/x?af6 jl~rt x'g uP . o:tf clwsf/ ;+/If0f ug]{ tkm{ /fHon] ;d]t

;+/If0fTds sfo{ u/]sf] kfOPg\ . ;fy} aGb tyf rSsfhfdsf] bf}/fg AolQmut ;DklQ tyf ;jf/L

;fwgx?df tf]8kmf]8 / cfuhgL ug]{ h:tf sfo{n] ;d]t gful/sx? ;DklQ tyf ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/af6

jl~rt x'gk'u] .

t/fO{sf sltko lhNnfx? h:t} jf/f, /f}tx6, ;nf{xL, wg'iff,

dxf]Q/L, l;/xf, ;Kt/L cfbL lhNnfx?df zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:ytL

sdhf]/ b]lvOPsf]n] gful/sx? cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf

;f+:s[lts clwsf/ ;DalGw cg'aGw !(^^ n] k|Tofe't u/]sf

clwsf/x?sf] pkef]uaf6 jl~rt x'g uPsf] kfOPsf]5 .

To;}u/L ljleGg pBf]u tyf sf/vfgfx? klg aGb

u/fpg] sfo{n] sfd ug{ rfxg] dhb'/x? /f]huf/Lsf] clwsf/af6

jl~rt x'g k'u] eg] Aoj;foLsf] Aoj;fo ug]{ :jtGqtf klg s'l07t x'g k'Uof] . ;fy} g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n]

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf ;+/If0f clws[t >L/fd clwsf/Lsf] eQmk'/ l:yt

3/df ;d]t wlDsk"0f{ efiffdf jf; dfu]sf] ph'/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] lyof] . sf7df08f} pkTosfsf] ljleGg

:yfgdf g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] hj{h:tL ufF;jf; dfu]sf] laifodf cfof]un] cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] .

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] ljleGg k]zf, ju{, ;d'bfosf JolQmx?;Fu hj{h:tL rGbf lng] sfo{ hf/L /fv]sf]

kfOof] . To;}u/L g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;Dklt sAhf ug]{ / ljleGg JolQmsf] ;Dklt sAhf

ug]{ h:tf sfo{x?nfO{{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf lyP . To;/L g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] ;Dklt sAhf u/]sf] ;DaGwdf

!&& j6f ph'/L cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . t/fOdf ;z:q ;+3if{ ul//x]sf xltof/ wf/L ;d"xx?af6 klg

ljleGg JolQmsf] ;Dklt sAhf ug]{, hj{h:tL rGbf p7fpg] sfo{ ul//x]sf] kfOof] . cGo kIfn] ;Dklt

sAhf u/]sf] ;DaGwdf cfof]udf ## j6f ph'/L kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . ;Dklt sAhf afx]s cfly{s, ;fdflhs,

;fF:slts clwsf/ cGtu{t cfof]udf $@ j6f ph'/Lx? kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . o;/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf

ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf cfof]uaf6 cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg u/L ;Da4 kIfsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fOPsf] lyof] .

u|fld0f hgtfnfO{ lgoldt cfjt hfjtdf k/]sf] ;d:ofsf] emns

dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/sf] cfGbf]ngdf tf]8kmf]8 ul/Psf] JolQmsf ;dfgx?


10

dfly pNn]v ul/Pb]lv afx]ssf cfly{s ;fdflhs tyf ;f+;s[lt clwsf/ cGtu{t kg]{ lzIff, :jf:Yo /

cfGtl/s lj:yflktsf] cj:yf / u/]sf sfo{x?sf] ljifodf lgDgfg';f/ rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

s_ lzIffsf] clwsf/

b]zdf ;z:q åGåsf] cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0ff ul/Ptfklg afnaflnsfn] eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf lgw{Ss;Fu

lzIff cfh{g ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf] k"0f{ ?kdf pkef]u ug{ kfPgg\ . o; jif{sf] z'?sf lbgx?df b]zsf

ljleÌ efuaf6 lhNnf lzIff sfof{no 3]/fp ug{, cfd;efdf ;xefuL u/fpg, a]kQf kfl/Psf

JolQmx?sf] ;fj{hlgs ug{ bjfj lbg] / dfcf]jfbL aGbLx?nfO{{ 5f]8\g' kg]{ dfu /fvL g]kfnL ;]gfsf]

d'Vofno 3]/fp sfo{j|mddf ;xefuL u/fpg tyf g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] ;]gfdf egf{ u/fpgsf] nflu g]skf-

dfcf]jfbL_n] ljBfyL{x?sf] k|of]u u/]sf lyP . h;n] ubf{ afnaflnsfn] lge{osf;fy lzIff cfh{g ug]{

clwsf/af6 al~rt x'g' k¥of] . cfkm\gf ljleGg dfux? k'/f u/fpg] axfgfdf g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf eft[

;u+7gx?af6 ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ljBfno aGb ug]{, tfnf nufpg] sfo{ u/L afnaflnsfsf] lzIff

;DaGwL clwsf/ tyf ljBfno zflGtIf]q x'g eGg] ;j{JofkL l;4fGtsf] ljkl/t sfo{ u/]sf] kfOof] .

To;}u/L g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf eft[;+u7g nufot ljleGg lzIfs ;+u7gx?n] ljleGg dfu /fvL k6s

k6s u/]sf] aGb tyf x8\tfnsf] sf/0f klg z}lIfs If]q k|efljt x'g k'Uof] . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf] eft[

;+u7g u0ftflGqs z}lIfs d~rn] p7fPsf dfux?sf] ;xdlt sfof{Gjog gePsf] egL wg'iff, kfFry/,

g'jfsf]6, l;Gw'kfNrf]s, tfKn]h'ª nufotsf lhNnf lzIff sfof{nodf tfnfaGbL ul/Psf] lyof] .

cg]/f:jljo", g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3 / cg]/f:jljo' s|flGtsf/L jLr ljleGg :yfgx?df em8k eP/ klg

z}lIfs If]q k|efljt x'g k'Uof] . To;}u/L sf7df08f}sf] kbdsGof SofDk;df lgM z'Ns 5fqj[ltsf] nflu

cGt/jftf{ rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf @)^$ ;fn j}zfv !^ ut] of]Ë sDo'lgi6 lnu -jfO{l;Pn_ sf ;dy{s

ljBfyL{x?n] klg cGt/jftf{df a:g kfpg'k5{ eGg] ljifonfO{{ lnP/ SofDk; k|d'vsf] sIfdf :jljo'

;efklt l6sf rf}w/L dfly xftkft ePsf] ;fy} cGt/jftf{df ;d]t x:tIf]k ul/Psf] lyof] . dlxnf dfq

cBoog ug]{ SofDk;df of]Ë sDo'lgi6 lnusf -jfO{l;Pn_ sfo{stf{x?sf] xltof/ ;lxtsf] h'n'zn]

kbdsGof SofDk;df tf]8kmf]8 u/L :jljo"sf ;b:o tyf g]=lj=;+3 OsfO{ ;b:o ;d]tnfO{{ s'6lk6 ug'{sf

;fy} b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf lyP .

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_af6 x'g] u/]sf pNn]lvt lqmofsnfkx?df cfly{s jif{sf] clGtdlt/sf lbgx?df ;'wf/

cfPtf klg t/fOdf z'? ePsf] cfGbf]ng, b}lgs h;f] x'g] aGb / rSsfhfdsf sf/0fn] z}lIfs ;+:yfx?

k"0f{ ?kdf k|efljt x'g k'u] . h;sf] sf/0f t/fO{ If]qdf z}lIfs If]q c:tJo:t x'g k'Uof] . t/fO If]qdf

ePsf] cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0f t/fOsf z}lIfs ;+:yfx?df lgjf{w k7gkf7g x'g ;s]g . z}lIfs ;+:yfx? klg

cfqmd0fsf] lgzfgf ePsf] kfOof] .

v_ :jf:Yosf] clwsf/

:jf:Yosf] clwsf/ hLjgsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt clwsf/ xf] . t/ b]zsf ljleGg :jf:Yo ;+:yfx?df

lrlsT;ssf] cefj x'Fbf lj/fdLx?n] ;dodf pkrf/ kfpg g;s]sf] kfOof] . k6s k6ssf] aGb tyf

x8\tfnsf] sf/0f oftfoftsf ;fwgx? rNg g;sf]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ klg lj/fdLx?n] ;dodf pkrf/

kfpg ;s]gg\ . t/fO{sf s]xL lhNnf tyf kxf8L lhNnfdf emf8fkvfnfsf] k|sf]k km}nFbf ;d]t ;dodf


11

:jf:YosdL{sf] ;]jf tyf cf}ifwLdf kx'Frsf] clwsf/af6 ;j{;fwf/0f jl~rt eP . ;'b'/ klZrd / dWo

klZrdsf s]xL lhNnf nufot t/fO{sf s]xL lhNnfx?df dlxnfx? cfË v:g] ;d:ofaf6 kLl8t ePsf]

tYofÍ ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt{/fli6«o ;+:yfx?n] ;fj{hlgs u/]tf klg o; ;DaGwdf /fHoaf6

hgr]tgf a9fpg] tyf plrt cf}ifwL pkrf/sf] Aoj:yf ePsf] kfOPg . :jf:Yo ;DaGwL clwsf/ /

k|hgg :jf:Yosf] clwsf/nfO{ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgn] df}lns clwsf/sf] ?kdf pNn]v u/]tf klg /fHoaf6

o:tf clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fsf] lgldQ kxn tyf o; ;DaGwdf tof/ ul/Psf] gLltsf] sfof{Gjog ePsf]

kfOPg . ahf/df kfOg] cf}ifwLsf] nfut d"No / ;fdfGo gfkmf eGbf cToflws a9L d"Nodf cf}ifwL ljs|L

ljt/0f ug]{ u/]sf], u'0f:t/xLg cf}ifwLsf] laqmL ljt/0f ePsf] kfOPsf] tYo ;d]t ljleGg ;+rf/

dfWodaf6 ;fj{hlgs x'bf cf}ifwLsf] las|L ljt/0fdf ahf/ d"No lgoGq0f ug]{ / ;fdfGo cf}ifwLx?

cToGt ;/n d"Nodf las|L ljt/0f ug]{ tkm{ ;/sf/L lgsfoaf6 kof{Kt cg'udg tyf sf/afxL ePsf]

kfOPg . :jf:Yosf] clwsf/ hLjgsf] clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt x'g] ePsfn] o:tf laifodf /fHo uDeL+/

ePsf] b]lvb}g eg] ljleGg lhNnfdf /x]sf lhNnf c:ktfnx?df bIf lrlsT;s, :jf:Yo sdL{ tyf a]8sf]

sdLsf] sf/0f v'nf rf}/df pkrf/ ug{ ;j{;fwf/0f afWo ePsf] kfOof] .

ljleGg :jf:Yo ;+:yfx? nufot :jf:YosdL{x? ;d]t cfqmd0fsf] lgzfgf ag]sf 5g\ . :jf:Yo

;+:yfx?n] c}]ifwf]krf/sf] qmddf x]nr]qm\ofO{ u/sf] egL cfqmd0f ePsf lyP . sflGt afn c:ktfndf

Ps afnssf] pkrf/sf] qmddf d[To' ePsf] 36gfnfO{ lnP/ afnssf] cfkmGtn] :jf:YosdL{dfly

cfqmd0f u/]sf lyP . pQm 36gfsf] lj/f]wdf b]ze/sf :jf:YosdL{x?n] cfsl:ds ;]jf afx]s cGo

;Dk"0f{ ;]jf aGb u/L cfGbf]ng u/]sf lyP . h;af6 klg lj/fdLx?n] ;dodf pkrf/ kfpg ;s]sf

lyPgg\ . To;}u/L :jf:Yo pkrf/ ug{ j;]sf lrlsT;s 8f=kLo'ifs'df/ /fh]Gb|nfO{{ jfO{l;Pnsf

sfo{stf{n] g]kfnu+hdf lgoGq0fdf lnO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf lyP . 8f= /fh]Gb|nfO{{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/

cfof]usf] 6f]nLn] p4f/ u/]sf] lyof] . o; cjlwdf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL clwsf/ pNn+3g ePsf] ;DaGwdf

Tolt w]/} ph'/Lx? kg{ gcfPtfklg sf/fuf/df aGbLx?n] :jf:Yo pkrf/ gkfPsf] / hgcfGbf]ngsf

3fOt]x?sf] kof{Kt pkrf/ gePsf] eGg] ;DaGwdf ph'/Lx? kg{ cfPsf 5g\ .

u_ cfGtl/s lj:yflktsf clwsf/

ljutsf] åGåsf] sf/0f cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?sf] clwsf/ ;DaGwdf o; jif{ s]xL

;'wf/f]Gd'v cj:yf b]lvPtfklg o;sf] k"0f{ ?kdf ;dfwfg x'g ;s]sf] kfOPg . s]xL JolQmx? o;

cjlwdf cfˆgf] yft ynf]df kmls{Psf 5g\ . To;/L kmls{Psf JolQmx?nfO{{ s]xL :yfgdf g]skf -

dfcf]jfbL_ n] b'v lbg] u/]sf] kfOPtfklg clwsf+z lj:yflktx?nfO{{ cfˆgf] ufpFdf hfgsf] nflu /f]s5]s

gul/Psf] g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] hgfPsf] 5 . s]xL :yfgdf cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?sf]

3/hUuf tyf cGo ;DklQ lkmtf{ gePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ lj:yflktx? cfˆgf] 3/df hfg ;ls/x]sf 5}gg\ .

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?nfO{{ ufpFn]x?n] g} a:g glbPsf x'g eGg] hjfkm lbg] u/]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 . ;fy} g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] sAhfdf lnPsf] rncrn ;Dkltsf] ;DaGwdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n]

xfdLn] t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf sAhf ul/Psf 3/ hUuf dfq lkmtf{ ug]{ eg]sf xf}+, rn ;Dklt lkmtf{ ug{

;Sb}gf}+, of] /fHosf] bfloTj xf], /fHon] lkmtf{ ug'{ kb{5 eGg] u/]sf] kfOof] . g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] alb{of,

sflnsf]6, x'Dnf, h'Dnf, ;Nofg,/f]Nkf,bfË, afh'/f, /fd]5fk, bf]nvf, emfkf, kfFry/ nufot b]zsf ljleGg


12

efudf åGåsf] ;dodf ;j{;fwf/0faf6 nu]sf ;DklQx? g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sfo{stfx?n] cfkm}n] k|of]u

ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf klg ;f] ;DklQ lkmtf{ ug{ tof/ b]lvb}gg\ . dfcf]jfbLn] sJhfdf lnPsf sltko

crn ;DklQ laqmL ljt/0f ;d]t u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o; cjlwdf klg g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf sfo{stf{x?n]

s}nfnL, aemfª, bfª, afFs], abL{of nufotsf lhNnfdf ljleGg JolQmsf] 3/ hUuf sAhf ug]{ sfo{

ul//x]sf] kfOof] .

o;aLrdf cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflktx?sf] ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo lj:yflkt lgb]{zs l;4fGtx?

cg's'n x'g]u/L lj:yflktsf] ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/n] gLlt hf/L u/]sf] 5 eg] lj:t[t zflGt sfo{qmd

tof/ ug{ zflGt tyf k'g{lgdf{0f dGqfnon] kxn u/L Ps sfo{bn u7g u/L sfo{ k|f/De ul/;s]sf] 5 .

lj:yflkt JolQmx?n] cfˆgf] clwsf/sf] /Iffsf] nflu ljleGg lj/f]wsf sfo{qmdx? ub}{ cfPsf lyP . ;f]xL

qmddf @)^$ h]7df /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf ;d]t kfFr lbg wgf{ lbPsf

lyP . cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?sf] ;d:ofsf] af/]df cfof]un] cg'udg u/L g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{{

lj:yflktx?nfO{{ a:gsf] nflu j}slNks :yfgsf] k|aGw ug{ tyf k|x/Låf/f nluPsf] ;fdfg lkmtf{ ug{

cg'/f]w u/]sf] lyof] . o; jif{ lj:yflkt u/fOPsf] eGg] ;DaGwdf !$@ ph'/L cfof]udf btf{ ePsf lyP .

h;dWo] clwsf+z !#) j6f ph'/L g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_sf] sf/0f lj:yflkt ePsf] eGg] ;DaGwdf kg{ cfPsf

lyP . To;}u/L ;'/IffsdL{sf] sf/0f lj:yflkt u/fOPsf] eGg] ;DaGwdsf !@ ph'/Lx? kg{ cfPsf lyP\

eg] t/fO{df ;z:q cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf ;d"xsf] sf/0f klg lj:yflkt ePsf ph'/Lx? cfof]udf btf{ x'g

cfPsf 5g\ . lj:yflktx?nfO{{ :yflkt ug{sf] nflu cfof]usf] ljleGg 6f]nLåf/f jftf{ u/fO{

lj:yflktx?nfO{{ ;'/Iffsf] cg'e"lt lbnfP/ :yflkt ug]{ sfo{ klg ePsf] lyof] . uf]i7L tyf 5nkmnsf]

dfWofdaf6 :yfgLo :t/df ;dGjo u/L :yflkt ug]{ k|of;x? ePsf lyP . To;}u/L lj:yflktx?nfO{{

:yflkt u/fpgsf] nflu cfof]uaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{{ klg cg'/f]w ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 klg

cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?nfO{{ :yflkt u/fpgsf] nflu s]xL /fxt pknAw u/fpg] lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] .

!=!=^ dlxnf clwsf/

o; jif{ klg ljut jif{x?df em} dlxnf clwsf/df ck]lIft ;'wf/ cfpg ;s]g . dlxnf lj?4 3/]n'

lx+;f, 3/kl/jf/af6 s'6kL6, dfgl;s oftgf, cdfgjLo Jojxf/ tyf of}g b'Jo{jxf/, bfOhf] sdL

ePsf]df >Ldfg tyf kl/jf/af6 3/]n' lx+;f, ax'ljjfx, dlxnf j]rljvg, af]S;Lsf] cf/f]kdf s'6kL6,

cdfgjLo Jojxf/ / anfTsf/sf 36gfx? eO/x]sf] kfOof] . To;df klg dWoklZrdf~rn / ;'b'/

klZrdf~rn If]qsf dlxnfx?sf] l:ytL cem bogLo /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf dlxnfx? ;fdflhs e]befjaf6

kLl8t x'g'sf] ;fy}] lx+;f, b]x Jofkf/, r]lna]6L a]rljvg, 5fpk8L, cflb k|yfaf6 kLl8t eO{

dlxnfx?sf] cj:yf bogLo x'g k'u]sf] 5 .

dlxnfx?sf] pNn]lvt cj:yfdf ;'wf/ Nofpgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf /fhgLlts bnaf6 dlxnf

clwsf/ ;+/If0fdf s]xL ;sf/fTds k|of;x? ePsf 5g\\ . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] efu #

sf] df}lns xs cGtu{t dlxnf clwsf/nfO{{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf], n}lu+s ;dfgtf sfod ug{ s]xL g]kfn

P]g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g @)^# n] d'n'sL P]g nufotsf !* j6f P]gdf ;+zf]wg u/]sf] 5 . @)^# kf}if #)

df hf/L ePsf] /fli6«o dlxnf dlxnf cfof]u;DaGwL P]g @)^#, cfdfsf] gfdaf6 ;d]t gful/stf lng

;lsg] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf]] ;+j}wflgs k|fjwfg, k}t[s ;Dkltdf dlxnfsf] ;dfgtfsf] xs h:tf


13

k|fjwfgnfO{{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . dlxnf lj?å x'g] ;j} k|sf/sf] e]befj pGd'ng ;DjGwL

dxf;lGwsf] OR5flwg cfn]vnfO{{ g]kfnn] cg'df]bg ul/;s]sf] 5 . dlxnf clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf] lbzfdf

o;nfO{{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .

b]zdf dlxnf clwsf/ pNn+3g sfod g} /x] tfklg o; ljifodf cfof]udf ph'/L eg] Go'g ?kdf cfpg]

u/]sf 5g\ . k|ltj]bg cjlwdf dlxnf clwsf/sf] pNn+3g u/]sf] eGg] ;DaGwdf cfof]udf @$ j6f

ph'/Lx? btf{ ePsf 5g\ . dlxnf la?4 x'g] 36gfx? ;dfh tyf kl/jf/sf] 8/ qf;n] ubf{ aflx/ cfpg

;s]sf 5}gg\ eg] lkt[;tfTds ;dfh, n}lËs c;dfgtf, ul/jL, sdhf]/ cfly{s l:ylt, ;fdflhs,

;fF:s[lts k/Dk/f, cGwljZjf;, lzIffsf] sdL, hftLo lje]b, dlxnfx? ;Ifd / cfTd lge{/ x'g g;Sg',

r]tglzn gx'g', lje]lbt sfg"gx? sfod g} /xg' OToflb sf/0fn] ubf{ dlxnf clwsf/ pNn+3g eO/x]sf]

kfOof] . dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{' /fHosf] k|d'v bfloTj /xG5 eg] ;/sf/L lgsfox?, u}/ ;/sf/L

tyf dlxnf clwsf/;Fu ;DjlGwt ;+3 ;+:yfx?, ldl8ofx?n]] klg dlxnf clwsf/ ;DjGwL hgr]tgf

km}nfpg' kg]{, dlxnf clwsf/sf ;DjGwdf jsfnt ug]{ h:tf e'ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ cfjZos b]lvG5 .

o;/L ljleGg dfWofdaf6 cfof]udf k|fKt x'g cfPsf ph'/Lx?sf] ;DaGwdf cfof]uaf6 cg'udg tyf

cg';Gwfg ug'{sf] ;fy} s]xL ph'/Lx? cfjZos sf/afxLsf] nflu ;DalGwt lgsfodf l/km/ u/L k7fpg]

sfo{ ;d]t ePsf] lyof] .

!=!=* afn clwsf/

;z:q åGåsf] cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 afn clwsf/df s]xL ;'wf/ cfPsf] dxz'; ePsf] 5 . /fHokIfaf6

klg ljleGg laBfno kl/;/df /flvPsf ;'/Iff lgsfosf kf]i6x? x6fpgsf] nflu lgb]{zg lbg'sf ;fy}

To:tf kf]i6x? x6\]sf 5g\\ . ljleGg ;+:yf tyf JolQmx?n] åGå kLl8t afnaflnsfx?sf] nflu lzIff tyf

jf;:yfgsf] Joj:yf z'? u/]sf 5g\\ . cfGtl/s

lj:yflkt afnaflnsfx? cljefjs;Fu} cfˆgf]

jf;:yfgdf kms{g] qmd z'? ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf]

cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n] afnaflnsfsf] xsnfO{{

df}lns xssf ?kdf :yflkt u/fPsf] 5 . oBlk

afnaflnsfx?n] cfly{s cefjsf] sf/0f lgs[i6

k|s[ltsf] sfd ug'{ kg]{ afWotf, 3/]n' sfdbf/sf]

?kdf a:g' kg]{ l:ytL, afn lajfx, of}g b'Jo{jxf/

tyf zf]if0fsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . Psflt/

ljBfnodf lzIfsn] ug]{ u/]sf] cdfgjLo

Jojxf/af6 klg s]xL 7fpFdf afnaflnsfx? kLl8t

ePsf] kfOof] .

/fHosf] tkm{af6 klg afnaflnsfx? kLl8t x'g k'u]sf lyP . DofUbLsf] j]gLdf ah|bn u0fsf ;}lgs

hjfgn] k|xf/ u/]sf] uf]nL nflu !@ jifL{o aflnsf sdnf k'nfdLsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . s'g} cleof]udf

afnaflnsfnfO{{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L Nofpbf jo:s JolStx?nfO{{ /flvg] 7fpFdf y'gfdf /flvg] tyf k|x/L

lx/f;tdf /fVbf dfgl;s tyf zf/Ll/s oftgf lbPsf] kfOof] . sf7df08f} afnfh'sf !# jifL{o dgf]h

afn clwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{g sfof{zfnf uf]i7L


14

/fO{nfO{{ rf]/Lsf] cleof]udf dxfgu/Lo k|x/L rf}sL afnfh'df lx/f;tdf /flvPsf]df lx/f;t d'St ePsf]

b'O{ lbg kl5 lghsf] d[To' ePsf] 36gfdf cfof]uaf6 cg';Gwfg eO/x]sf] 5 . gjnk/f;L lhNNffsf]

k|ultgu/ @ sf bz jifL{o ljgf]b /fgfef6nfO{{ k|x/L sfof{no sfjf;f]ltdf oftgf lbPsf]n] afns cr]t

eO{ sflnu08sL c:ktfndf egf{ ul/Psf] eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

To;}u/L g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_af6 o; jif{sf] z'?sf lbgx?df ;}Go etL{ k|of]hgsf] nflu cfly{s tyf

/f]huf/Lsf] k|nf]egdf kf/L afnaflnsfsf] ckx/0f, laBfnodf cWoog ug]{ afnaflnsfnfO{{ kf6L{sf]

sfo{qmddf hj{h:tL ;xefuL u/fpg], z}lIfs ;+:yfx? ljleGg ;d'bfoaf6 k6s k6s aGb u/fpg] h:tf

sfo{x? x'g] u/]sf lyP . To;}u/L a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf 5fl8Psf ljikmf]6s kbfy{{ ljikmf]6gdf k/L

afnaflnsfsf]] Hofg uPsf] / 3fOt] ePsf] kfOof] .

g]kfnsf] t/fO{ If]qdf ePsf] cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0f afnaflnsfx? k|efljt x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . t/fO

cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf /f}tx6 lhNnfsf] 8'dl/of % df n'6kf6 tyf cfuhgLsf sf/0f !& kl/jf/sf

afnaflnsf ;lxt (* hgf lj:yflkt x'g k'u] . hgsk'/sf] cfGbf]ngdf # afnsx? ;d]t 3fOt] ePsf

lyP . hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lSt df]rf{ -Hjfnf l;+x_ ;d"xn] a}zfv !* ut] l;/fx lhNnfsf] ejflgk'/sf

!# jifL{o afns s[i0f dxtf]nfO{{ ckx/0f u/L s]xL lbgkl5 d'St u/]sf lyP .

nlntk'/ lhNNff cbfntn] ldlt @)^$ cfiff9 @& ut] l8Ple z'lzn s]l8of, laZj ef/tL :s'n

nlntk'/sf lzIfs /fdrGb| vgfnn] cdg dxf;]7 eGg] ljBfyL{{nfO{{ b'Jo{jxf/ u/L lgd{d oftgf lbPsf]

elgPsf] ;DaGwdf lgh lzIfsnfO{{ aL; xhf/ ?k}of Ifltk'lt{ / kfFrxhf/ ?k}of hl/jfgf x'g] u/L

km};nf u/]sf] 5 . pQm km};nfnfO{{ afn clwsf/sf] If]qdf dxTjk"0f{ dfGg ;lsG5 . h;n] afn clwsf/

pNn+3gsf 36gfdf sdL cfpg] tyf afn clwsf/ ;+/If0fdf 7'nf] 6]jf k'Ug] ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 .

o; cjlwdf cfof]udf afn clwsf/ pNn+3g ePsf] ljifodf #) j6f ph'/Lx? btf{ x'g cfPsf lyP .

ph'/Lx?sf] k|s[ltdf ;'/IffsdL{n] a]kQf kf/]sf], lzIfsx?af6 b'Jo{jxf/ ul/Psf], j]jfl/;] ad ljikmf]6gdf

k/L d[To' ePsf] h:tf ljifox? /x]sf 5g\ . pQm ph'/Lx?sf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg ul/Psf]

lyof] .

!=!=( hftLo e]befj lj?4sf] clwsf/

;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"gL ?kdf 5'jf5't tyf e]befj lj?4sf] clwsf/nfO{{ ;'lglZrt u/]sf] eP tfklg

blnt / u}/ blnt aLrsf] lje]b sfod} /x]sf] kfOG5 . pkNnf] hflt elgPsf JolQmx?n] blnt hfltsf

JolQmx?nfO{{ e]befj ug]{ qmd /f]lsPsf] 5}g . dWo klZrdf~rn / ;"b'/ klZrdf~rn If]qdf hftLo

e]befjsf] dfqf cToGt} a9L /x]sf], 5'jf5'tsf] ;d:of, /x]sf, dlGb/ k|j]zdf /f]s nufOPsf], ;xef]h

sfo{qmddf clk|o 36gfx? x'g] u/]sf, laBfno, dlGb/ tyf ;fj{hlgs :yndf e]befj sfod g} /x]sf]

b]lvPsf 5g\\ . 8f]6L lhNnfsf] z}n]Zj/L dlGb/df blntx¿ k|j]z u/]s} cfwf/df slyt pkNnf] hftsf

o'jfx¿n] blnt elgPsf ;d'bfo tyf pgLx¿sf] pTyfg;Fu ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yfdf ;d]t tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf]

tyf ;dfrf/ ;Íngdf k'u]sf kqsf/x¿dfly klg b'Jo{jxf/ tyf xftkft ePsf] lyof] . lhNnf cbfnt


15

bfªsf Gofolw;n] lkt[ sfo{sf] k|;fb b'O{ hgf blnt afx]s c?nfO{{ afFl8lbg' egL hflto cfwf/df

e]befj u/]sf] eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] lyof] . ;+ljwfg / sfg"gn] ;d]t hftLo lje]bsf] cGTo

u/L ;s]sf] cj:yfdf GofofwLz :jo+n] u/]sf] o; Jojxf/nfO{{ u}/ sfg"gL / cdfgjLo Jojxf/ eg]/

ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfn] lj/f]w hgfPsf lyP . kj{t lhNnfdf @)^#.!@.!% ut] P;Pn;L k/LIff lbO/x]sf

blnt ljBfyL{nfO{{ kfs lzIffsf] k/LIff lbgaf6 jl~rt ul/Psf] lyof] . blnt ePsf] sf/0faf6 lghnfO{{

kfs lzIffdf ;xefuL x'g] cj;/af6 jl~rt ul/Psf] lyof] . j}t8L lhNnfdf hftLo e]befjsf sf/0f

blntx? kLl8t ePsf] ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . :yfgLo 7"nfa8f eGg]x?n] e]befj / 5'jf5't

u/]sf] sf/0f blntx?n] cem} xf]6ndf vfgf vfg gkfPsf] ;dfrf/ k|sflzt ePsf] lyof] . l;/xf

lhNNffdf hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQm df]rf{ -Hjfnfl;+x_ ;d"xn] Hofg dfg]{ wDsL lbPsf sf/0f )^#.!@.@^ ut]

@* 3/ blnt d';x/x? lj:yflkt x'g k'u]sf] kfOPsf] lyof] .

hftLo cfwf/df e]befj ul/Psf cGo 36gfx¿df wg'iff lhNnf xl/x/k'/ ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt -uflj;_df

slyt dflyNnf] hftsf JolQmx¿n] 8f]d hftLnfO{{ ;fj{hlgs Ogf/af6 kfgL lemSg glbPsf], wg'iff

lhNnf nIdLk'/ au]jf uflj; j8f g+= & s'd/f}/fdf slyt dflyNnf] hftsf JolQmx¿sf] cu'jfO{df !^

blnt 3/ k'0f{?kdf Wj:t agfO{ 3/ljlxg agfO{ lbPsf], lthsf] cj;/df 8f]6L lhNnf l;nu9L

gu/kflnsf j8f g+=$ df cjl:yt lzjfno dlGb/df :yfgLo blnt dlxnfx¿n] k"hf ug]{ j|mddf p7]sf]

ljjfb, u'NdLdf ;fj{hlgs wf/fdf kfgL 5f]Psf sf/0f ul/Psf] s'6lk6 cflb /x]sf 5g\ . o;/L ce}mklg

dfgjLo dof{bf ljkl/t hftLo cfwf/df 5'jf5't ug]{, lje]b ug]{ sfo{ x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o; k|sf/

5'jf5't h:tf] uDeL/ dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfdf :yfgLo k|zf;gn] bf]ifLnfO{{ sf/afxL ug{ d'2f

bfo/ gul/Psf] eGg] u'gf;f] /x]sf] kfOG5 .

o;/L hftLo cfwf/df ePsf] e]befj sdL u/fpgsf] nflu cfof]un] ljleGg hgr]tgfd'ns sfo{qmdx?

ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o; jLrdf u7g ePsf] /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] / ;/sf/L:t/af6 :jtGq lgikIf

/fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] ljwo]s tof/Lsf] nflu ePsf] kxnnfO{{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .

dGqfnoaf6 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf k|ltlgwLnfO{{ ;d]t d:of}bf sfo{bndf ;xefuL u/fOPsf]

lyof] . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] hftLo lje]b la?4sf] clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg tyf

cg';Gwfg u/L k|fKt tYox?sf] cfwf/df ;Da4 kIfsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] lyof] .

!=!=!) dfgj clwsf/ /Ifssf] clwsf/

o; jif{ dfgj clwsf/ /Ifssf] clwsf/sf] cj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs x'g ;s]g . dfgj clwsf/sdL{ tyf

kqsf/x?dfly x'g] u/]sf] cfqmd0f, wDsL tyf kqsf/x/sf] ;Dkltsf] tf]8kmf]8 h:tf s'/fx?n]

;~rf/sdL{ tyf dfgj clwsf/ sdL{x?nfO{{ :jtGq / lgikIf ?kdf cfˆgf] k]zf jf Jojzfo ug{ cj/f]w

k'Uof]] . b]zsf] dWo] tyf k'jL{ t/fOdf ePsf] cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf ;+rf/ If]q k"0f{ ?kdf k|efljt ePsf]

lyof] . pQm cfGbf]ngdf !* hgf kqsf/dfly cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] cfqmd0f u/]sf lyP eg] Ps hgf

kqsf/nfO{{ k|bz{gsf] kmf]6f] ln+b} ubf{ k|x/Ln] s'6kL6 u/]sf] kfOof] .3 To;}u/L cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] kqsf/

dxf;+3sf] zfvf sfof{no k;f{ / /]l8of] lj/u~hsf] sfof{nodf tf]8kmf]8 ;d]t u/]sf lyP . 3 cfd;~rf/ clwsf/ cg'udg 6f]nL / /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cg'udg 6f]nLsf] k|ltj]bgdf cfwfl/t


16

cfGbf]nsf/Ln] dfgj clwsf/sdL{, kqsf/x?nfO{{ wDsL lbg] / lj:yflkt u/fpg'sf] ;fy} ;dfrf/

;+sngdf ;d]t cj/f]w k'¥ofPsf lyP . cfGbf]ngsf/Ln] cfˆgf] kIfdf ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ug{sf] nflu

kqsf/x?nfO{{ wDsL lbg], / ;f] cg'?k gePdf kqsf/x?dfly cfqmd0f ug]{ tyf wDsL lbg] sfo{ ePsf]

kfOof] . k|];sf] nflu cfjZos ;fdfu|Lsf] cefj, lbgx'F x'g] aGb / x8\tfnaf6 klqsf ljt/0fsf] ;d:of /

;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt x'g g;Sbf :yfgLo klqsfx? aGb x'g k'u] . k|bz{gsf/Ln] kqsf/x?sf] ;jf/L ;fwg

tyf ;Dkltdfly tf]8kmf]8 ug'{sf] ;fy} kqsf/x?nfO{{ lj:yflkt ;d]t u/]sf lyP . lj/f6gu/df t/fO

cfGbf]ngsf] ;dfrf/nfO{{ ;dfrf/ dfWodx?df k|fyldStf glbPsf] egL dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dsf

sfo{stf{x?n] kqsf/dfly s'6kL6 u/]sf lyP . dfgj clwsf/sdL{nfO{{ dfgj clwsf/sf] cg'udg ug{df

/f]s nufOof] eg] cg';Gwfgsf] nflu vl6Psf] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] 6f]nL r9]sf] ;jf/L

;fwgdf ;'g;/Ldf dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/dsf sfo{stf{n] tf]8kmf]8 u/] . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u

/ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ pRr cfof]usf] sfof{nosf] 6f]nLnfO{{ l;/xfdf dw]zL hgclwsf/

kmf]/dn] dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg ug{ /f]s nufPsf lyP . vf]6fª lhNnfdf g]skf

-dfcf]jfbL_sf lhNnf OGrfr{n] OG;]s tyf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u nufot ljleGg ;+3

;+:yfx?nfO{{ ufpF hfg /f]s nfufpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . c1ft ;d"xn] gful/s

;dfhsf cu|0fL 8f= b]j]Gb|/fh kf08] / s[i0f kxf8Lsf] 3/df ad /fv]sf] kfOof] . kqsf/, dfgj

clwsf/sdL{ / gful/s ;dfhsf k|j'4 ju{dflysf] wDsLn] dfgj clwsf/ /Ifssf cj:yf r'gf}ltk"0f{

/x\of] .

o:tf] cj:yfdf cfof]un] dfgj clwsf/sdL{sf] clwsf/sf] /Iffsf] nflu pgLx?n] ;+rfng u/]sf] lj/f]w

sfo{qmdx?sf] cg'udg ug'{sf] ;fy} cg'udgaf6 k|fKt tYox?sf] cfwf/df dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gdf

;+nUg kIfnfO{{ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu tTsfn Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb} cfXjfg

ul/Psf] lyof] .

!=!=!! ph'/L Joj:yfkg, cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf ljleGg sfo{x? dWo] s'g} JolQm jf ;d"xsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g

ePsf] jf To;sf] b'?T;fxg ePsf] ljifodf ph'/L u|x0f ug]{ / To;sf] ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ tyf cg';Gwfg ug]{

sfo{ klg kb{5 . ;f]xL cg'?k cfof]usf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, rf/ j6f If]qLo sfof{no / kfFr j6f ;Dks{

sfof{nox?df ph'/L lng] sfd ul/G5 . To; lsl;dsf] ph'/L kLl8t :jo+ pkl:yt eO jf x'nfs jf

ˆofS; jf 6]lnkmf]g jf O{d]n dfkm{t lbg ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] kLl8tsf] tkm{af6

ph'/L lbg ;lsg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . sltko dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g tyf b'?T;fxgsf] ljifodf cfof]u

cfkm}n] :jljj]s k|of]u u/L k|lqmof cufl8 a9fpg ;Sg] k|fjwfg /x]sf] 5 .

o; cjlw -cfly{s jif{ @)^#÷^$_ df !($* ph'/Lx? k|fKt x'g cfPsf 5g\ . ljut jif{ -cfly{s jif{

@)^@÷^#_ df Ps jif{sf] cjlwdf @##! ph'/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf lyP . ut jif{sf] t'ngfdf o; jif{ #*#

ph'/L sd kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . k|fKt ph'/Lx?df ;a}eGbf a9L ph'/L xTof ;DaGwdf kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . xTof

;DaGwdf ##* ph'/L k|fKt ePsf 5g\ . h;dWo] ;'/IffsdL{af6 xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf] ljifodf @@*,

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_af6 xTof ul/Psf] ljifodf *( / cGo tyf c1ft kIfaf6 xTof ul/Psf]df @! ph'/Lx?

k|fKt x'g cfPsf 5g\ . cGo kIfdf t/fOdf ;z:q ;+3if{ ul//x]sf ;d"x? klg kb{5g\ . To;kl5 a9L


17

ph'/L ckx/0f ;DaGwdf kg{ cfPsf 5g\ ckx/0f ;DaGwdf g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_n] ckx/0f u/]sf] ;DaGwdf

@@$ / cGo kIfaf6 ckx/0f u/]sf] tyf sAhfdf lnPsf] ljifodf !)& ph'/L kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L

/fHokIfaf6 a]kQf kf/]sf] eGg] ;DaGwdf !^! ph'/Lx? kg{ cfPsf 5g\ . /fHokIfaf6 a]kQf kf/]sf] eGg]

ljifodf ljutsf] ;z:q åGåsf] ;dodf ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] ;DaGwL ph'/L kg{ cfPsf

x'g\ . o; jif{ cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf ;Dk"0f{ ph'/Lx?sf] ;+Vof cg';"rL $ df lbOPsf] 5 .

o; cjlwdf cfof]usf]] s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo tyf ;Dks{ sfof{nox¿af6 b'O{;o krf; k6s eGbf a9L dfgj

clwsf/ cj:yfsf] af/]df cg'udg u¥of] . cg'udgaf6 k|fKt tYox?sf] cfwf/df cg'udg :yndf g}

dfgj clwsf/ cj:yf lau|g glbg ;dGjo ug'{sf] ;fy} ckx/0fdf k/]sf s]xL JolQmx?nfO{{ sAhf d'Qm

ug{ / s]xL lj:yflkt ;fj{;fwf/0fnfO{{ :yflkt u/fpg ;kmn ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L k|fKt tYox?sf]

cfwf/df dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] af/]df cfd gful/sdf hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf] ;fy} dfgj clwsf/sf]

;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug{ k|]; lj1lKt dfkm{t ;Da4

kIfsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf] lyof] . cfof]uaf6 hf/L

ul/Psf s]xL k|]; lj1lKtx? cg';"rL % df ;dfj]z

ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]un] dfgjclwsf/sf] pNn+3g

tyf HofbtL ePsf] egL cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf

k'/fgf ph'/Lx? / o; cjlwdf kg{ cfPsf ph'/Lx?

;d]t u/L o; cjlwdf Ps xhf/ Ps ;o eGbf

a9L ph'/Lx?sf] ljifodf cg';Gwfg u/]sf] lyof] .

o; cfly{s jif{df cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx? gePsf]

x'Fbf cg';Gwfg u/L lg0f{osf] nflu tof/ /x]sf kmfOnx?sf] lg0f{o x'g ;s]g .

!=@ cfof]uaf6 ePsf ;+a4{gfTds sfo{x¿

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ g}

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] st{Jo ePsf]n] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug{, gful/s

;dfh;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{, dfgj clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg"gsf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fpg

cfof]un] ljleGg dfWofdaf6 sfo{qmdx? cufl8 a9fPsf] 5 . ljleGg tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng u/L

pQm ljifodf 1fg tyf lzksf] clea[l4 u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L cfof]uåf/f dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf

;Da4{gsf] nflu ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx?nfO{{ ;d]6]/ lgoldt ?kdf On]S6«f]lgs a'n]l6g k|sfl;t ub}{

cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;df cfof]usf ultljlwx? h:t} dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ePsf] ljifosf] cg';Gwfg,

dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg, ljleGg ljifodf ePsf cGtl{qmof sfo{qmd, uf]i7L, tflnd, e|d0f

Pjd dxTjk"0f{ JolQm;Fu ePsf e]63f6 ;d]l6Psf] x'G5 . o;sf] ;fy} ljleGg k|ltj]bg tyf dfgj

clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ;fdfu|Lx? k|sfzg / ljt/0f ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o; cjlwdf cfof]uaf6 @^

lsl;dsf ;fdfu|Lx? k|sflzt ePsf lyP . h;sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL ^ df lbOPsf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/

lzIff, ljleGg cGtlqm{of tyf 5nkmn / sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx?sf] cfof]hgf u/L dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+a4{g

ug{ cfof]u lg/Gt/ ?kdf lqmoflzn /x]sf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/ lzIffnfO{ cf}krfl/s ?kdf ljBfno txdf

;dfj]z ug{ o; cjlwdf cfof]un] ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3 ;+:yf, lzIff dGqfno, ljefu, kf7\oqmd ljsf;

cfof]udf k/]sf] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg ub}{ cfof]usf] 6f]nL


18

s]Gb|, z}lIfs hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb nufot lzIff;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx?;Fu lg/Gt/ 5nkmn

tyf ax; rnfO{ kf7\oqmddf ;dfj]z ug{ k|of; u/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L dfgj clwsf/ lzIffsf] ;+a4{gsf]

nflu cgf}krfl/s txdf klg ljleGg tflnd uf]i7L, cled'lvs/0f sfof{zfnf uf]i7L, 5nkmn sfo{qmd

cflbsf] dfWofdaf6 ljleGg ju{ tyf k]zfdf ;+nUg JolQmx?nfO{ cg'lzIf0f sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/ cufl8

a9fO{ /x]sf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Da4{g ;DaGwdf cfof]uaf6 ePsf sfo{x?nfO{{ a'Fbfut ?kdf

lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

s= cGtlqm{of tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmd

• sfg"gL ;xfotf ;DaGwdf

cfof]un] sfg"gL ;xfotf ;DaGwL sfd ul//x]sf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf, ;/sf/L lgsfo tyf sfg"gL

;xfotf ;DaGwL P]g @)%# cGt{ut :yflkt ePsf] ;ldltn] sfg"gL ;xfotf ;DaGwdf s] s:tf]

sfd sf/afxL ul//x]sf 5g eGg] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lng] p2]Zon] sfg"gL ;xfotf ;DaGwdf

5nkmn sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] ;Gbe{df ljleGg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx? /

/fHosf lgsfox? ljz]if u/L ;DalGwt dGqfnox?, dxfGofolwjQfsf] sfof{no, ;jf]{RRf cbfnt,

s]GbL«o sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldlt / n}lËs ;dfgtfsf]nflu d'nk|jfxLs/0f nufotsf ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fu

ljleGg r/0fdf 5'6\6f 5'6\6} cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd u/]sf] lyof] . sfg"gL ;xfotf ;DaGwL sfo{nfO{{

cem a9L k|efjsf/L, l56f]5l/tf] / ;j{;'ne agfpg /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u / s]Gb«Lo sfg"gL

;xfotf ;ldlt ldn]/ s'g s'g If]qdf ;xsfo{ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .

5nkmn sfo{qmdaf6 s]Gb«Lo sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldltn] klxnf cfkm\gf] a}7s af]nfO{{ 5nkmn

ul/;s]kl5 cfof]u;Fu k'gM5nkmn ug'{ kg]{, cfof]un] sfg"gL ;xfotf ;DaGwL sfd ug]{ u}/ ;/sf/L

;+:yfx? / ;/sf/jLr ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf v]Ng' kg]{, cfof]un] Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd sfg"gL ;xfotf

;DaGwL sfd sfjf{xLsf] cg'udg ug{' kg]{ / ;f] sf] hgr]tgf km}nfpg ;xof]u ug'[{ kg]{ lgisif{

lgsflnPsf] lyof] . nlIft ju{;Dd sfg"gL ;xfotf k'¥ofpg ;/sf/ / cfof]ujLr ;xsfo{ x'g

;Sg] s'/fdf ;xdtL JoQm ;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] .

;/sf/L :t/af6 :yflkt sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldltn] nIo cg'?k sfo{x? ug{ g;ls/x]sf] eGg]

;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] cGtlqm{ofaf6 k|fKt lgisif{ cg'?k s]lGb|o sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldltsf] cWoIf /xg]

sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqL;Fu ;d]t o; ljifodf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . sfg"gL ;xfotfnfO{

k|efjsf/L agfpg ljkGg tf]lsPsf ju{df kg]{ u/L sfg"gL ;xfotf cfjZos kg]{ JolQmx? klxrfg

u/L /fHosf] bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ s]lGb|o tyf lhNnf :t/Lo sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldltnfO{ k|efjsf/L

agfpg sfg"g tyf Gofo dGqLnfO{ cfu|x ul/Psf] lyof] . s]lGb|o sfg"gL ;xfotf ;ldltsf cWoIf

tyf sfg"g tyf Goffo dlGqaf6 ;ldltnfO{{ k|efjsf/L agfpg cfjZos sbd rflng] k|lta4tf

;d]t JoQm ug'{ ePsf] lyof] .

• k]l/; l;4fGtx? / /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] ldlt @)^# >fj0f !^ ut] k]l/; l;4fGtx? / /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/

cfof]usf] af/]df cGtl{{qmof sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] lyof] . pQm sfo{s|ddf k//fi6« ;DaGw tyf

dfgj clwsf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf tyf ;b:ox? ;fy} cfof]usf] sd{rf/Lx? / kqsf/x? ;d]tsf]


19

pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL /fli6«o ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgfsf]

cfwf/e"t l;4fGtsf] af/]df d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{{ ;r]t u/fO{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{{

:jtGq, :jfoQ tyf k|efjsf/L agfpg] k|of;df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg], cfof]usf gofF kbflwsf/Lx?sf]

lgo'lQm k|s[of k]l/; l;4fGt cg'?k x'g' kb{5 eGg] ljifodf d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?jLr r]tgf clej[l4

u/L lgo'lQm k|ls|ofnfO{{ k]l/; l;4fGt cg'?k u/fpg of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf cfof]usftkm{af6 lgldQ ;lrjn] k]l/; l;4fGtsf] k[i7e"lddf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/

cfof]u ljifodf sfo{kq k|:t't ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . sfo{kqdf k]l/; l;4fGt, dfgj clwsf/;Fu

;DalGwt ;+:yfx?sf] :yfkgf, k]l/; l;4fGtsf] k[i7e"lddf cfof]u ;DaGwL k|fjwfg, cEof; /

;'wf/sf nflu ljsNk ;DaGwdf ljz]if ?kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] . k]l/; l;4fGtsf] k[i7e"lddf

cfof]u ;DaGwL k|fjwfg, cEof; / ;'wf/sf nflu ljsNk ;DaGwdf ax'ntf ;DaGwL Joj:yf, lgo'lQm

k|ls|of, k|zf;lgs tyf cfly{s :jfoQtf, cfof]usf] sfo{If]q, kbfjlw ;DaGwL Joj:yf, hjfkmb]lxtf

/ cfrf/ ;+lxtf h:tf ljifodf rrf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdaf6 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{{ :jtGq, :jfoQtf tyf k|efjsf/L agfOg' kg]{, k]l/;

l;4fGt cg';f/ lgo'lQm k|lqmof kf/bzL{ u/fpgsf] nflu ;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{, lgo'lQm k|s[ofdf

ax'ntfnfO{{ l:jsf/ ug'{ kg]{ lgisif{ lgsfNg'sf] ;fy} cfof]un] cem ;zQm ?kdf cfˆgf ultljlwx?

cufl8 a9fpg' kg]{ / b'u{d If]qx?df ePsf dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfx?df ;d]t cfof]u k'Ug'

kg]{, dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] :yfkgfy{ ;+;bn] u/]sf k|of;x? sfo{kqdf ;dfj]z ug{'kg]{,

;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{{ Wofg lb+b} dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf ;b:ox?sf] ;+Vofdf k'g{ljrf/ ul/g'kg]{, dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]u P]gsf] bkmf !)-v_ df pNn]v ul/Psf] ljifosf] ;DaGwdf aGb]h x'g gx'g], olb

To:tf] lsl;dsf] k|fjwfg /lx/xg] xf] eg] cfof]u ;/sf/n] vf]n]sf] u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf aGg k'Ug]5

t;y{ o; ;DaGwdf klg ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ ;'emfj k|fKt ePsf lyP .

sfo{qmddsf k|d'v cltly ;efd'v ;'jf; g]DjfËn] ;+;b cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm k]l/;

l;4fGt cg'?k lgo'lQm x'g'k5{ eGg] s'/fdf b[9 /x]sf] atfpg' ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} dfgj clwsf/sf]

;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gsf] nflu jt{dfg cj:yfdf cfof]usf] e"ldsf cem a9L x'g] / kbflwsf/Lx?sf]

lz3| lgo'lQm ug{ kxn ug]{ ;d]t atfpg' ePsf] lyof] .

• k]l/; l;4fGt, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg / /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] 5nkmn

sfo{qmd

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg — @)^#, k]l/; l;4fGt / /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] ljifodf

lj:t[t 5nkmn u/L efjL of]hgfsf] nflu 7f]; ;'emfj k|fKt ug]{ Pj+ cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?sf]

lgo'lQmdf ;/sf/nfO{{ bjfj lbg] d'Vo p2]Zo lnP/ @)^# ;fn kmfNu'0f !! ut] cfof]usf] ;efxndf

Ps 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf /fhgLlts kf6L{sf k|ltlglw,

;/sf/L pRr kbflwsf/L, gful/s ;dfh, k];fut ;+u7gsf k|ltlglw, ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, t];|f]

lnª\uLsf k|ltlglw, ;]gf, k|x/Lsf k|ltlglwx? ;d]tsf]] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdaf6 ljleGg

ljifodf ljleGg ;'emfjx? k|fKt ePsf lyP . h;df cfof]usf u7g ;DaGwdf ;dfj]zLsf/0fsf]

kl/k|]Iodf jtdf{g kbflwsf/L ;+Vof yf]/} - % hgf_ ePsf]n] a9fpg'kg]{, lgo'lQmdf sfo{sfl/0fL /

/fhgLlts kf6L{sf] x:tIf]k x'g' gx'g], pd]/sf] xb tf]lsg'kg]{, cfof]usf] u7g k]l/; l;4fGt cg'?k


20

x'g'kg]{ ;'emfj k|fKt ePsf lyP . To;}u/L cfof]usf ;DaGwdf k]l/; l;4fGt ;DaGwdf k|rf/ k|;f/

ul/g'kg]{, a[xb\ zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogdf cfof]un] cg'udg ;+oGq agfO{ sfof{Gjog eP

gePsf] cg'udg ug'{kg]{, ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{{ cfof]udf sd{rf/L Nofpg] k|fjwfg x6fpg' kg]{,

cfof]u s'g} bn, hft / If]q ljz]if x'g gx'g], bL3{sfnLg?kdf cfof]u kl/ifb\sf] ?kdf u7g x'g'kg]{,

cflbjf;L, hghflt Pjd\ dw]zL ;d'bfosf] xsclwsf/sf] ;+/If0fdf cfof]uåf/f cfjZos kxn

x'g'kg]{, blnt, ckfª\u ;fy} cGo l;dflGts[t ;d'bfosf] xs clwsf/ ;DaGwdf cfof]udf 5'6\6}

8]:ssf] Joj:yf ug'{kg]{, cNk;+Vos -Sexual Minorities) sf] clwsf/ ;DaGwdf cfof]un] ljz]if

Wofg lbg'kg]{ h:tf ;'emfjx? k|fKt ePsf lyP .

• ædfgj clwsf/ /Ifssf] ;'/Iff cj:yf ljifos cGtlqm{of

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf k'j{ sd{rf/L :j=>L bof/fd kl/of/sf] k|yd :d[lt lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df

@)^# r}q !% ut] cfof]usf] ;ef sIfdf ædfgj clwsf/ /Ifssf] ;'/Iff cj:yf ljifos cGtlqm{of

Æ sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t ljleGg

;+3;+:yfx?sf] k|ltlglwx?, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] k"j{ ;b:ox?, dfgj clwsf/sdL{x?,

kqsf/x? / cfof]usf] sd{rf/Lx? ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf ;xeflux?n] g]kfndf dfgjclwsf/ /Ifsx¿s} ;'/Iffsf] k|Zg uDeL/ ePsf] cyf{t dfgj

clwsf/ /Ifsx¿ hf]lvddf /x]sf], b08lxgtf km:6fpFb} uPsf], /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf]

u7gk|lt /fHosf] bfloTjsf] Wofgfsif{0f gePsf], nf]stflGqs Joj:yfdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/

cfof]usf] cfˆg} sd{rf/L nufot clwsf/sdL{x¿sf] ;'/Iff gePsf] ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .

ef]lnsf lbgx¿df dfgjclwsf/sdL{x¿ ;'/lIft x'g ljleGg pkfo lgsfNg'kg]{ cj:yf /x]sf]

;DaGwdf rrf{ ul/Psf] lyof] .

• ÆhftLo lje]blj?4sf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{gdf /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u tyf ;Da4

lgsfox?sf] e"ldsfÆ ljifos cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd

cGt/f{li6«o hftLo lje]b pGd"ng lbj;, @! dfr{sf ;Gbe{df cfof]un] @)^# r}q & ut] æhftLo

lje]blj?4sf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf ;Dj4{gdf /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u tyf ;Da4 lgsfox?sf]

e"ldsfÆ ljifos cGtlqm{of sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqL,

;f+;bx?, /fhg}lts bnsf k|ltlglwx?, dfgj clwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/ tyf afn clwsf/sf If]qdf

sfo{/t ;/sf/L ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?sf k|ltlglwx?, kqsf/x?,

hflto 5'jf5'taf6 kLl8t JolQmx? / cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx? u/L sl/j *) hgfsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] .

hflto lje]b ;d'bfosf] Pp6f ju{sf] dfq d'2f xf] eGg] ;+s'lrt eP/ a;]df sfnfGt/df o;n]

uDeL/ ?k lng] / ;a}nfO{{ dof{lbt hLjg ofkg ug{kfpg] clwsf/ ePsf] / ;fdflhs lje]bsf]

cGTo x'g'kg]{ / o;sf nflu ;a}df dfgl;s kl/jt{gsf] cfjZostf /x]sf] ;DaGwdf ;'emfjx? k|fKt

ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;xeflux?n] hftLo lje]b /fi6«sf] ljsf;df afws /x]sf], ;dfhdf

hflto lje]b x'g gx'g], / o;sf] cGTosf] nflu dfgjk|ltsf] lje]b x'g] lsl;dsf pvfg÷6'Ssf k|of]u


21

ug{ gx'g], hftLo lje]b gx'g] lsl;dsf] kf7\o;fdfu|fL tof/ ug'{ kg]{ h:tf ;'emfjx? klg k|fKt

ePsf lyP .

• ;DaGw lj:tf/ tyf sfo{ut Pstf / ;'b[9Ls/0f ;DaGwdf 5nkmn

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uåf/f dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gsf] If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ ljleGg

u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:Yffx?;Fu ;DaGw lj:tf/, cg'ejsf] cfbfgk|bfg tyf sfo{ut Pstf / ;'b[9Ls/0f

;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug{ ldlt @)^# kf}if @! b]lv @$ ;Dd sfof{no k|d'vx?;Fu 5nkmn tyf

e]63f6 sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] . sfo{qmddf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uåf/f dfgj clwsf/

;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gsf] If]qdf u/]sf sfo{x?sf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fOof] . h; cGt{ut dfgj

clwsf/ cg'udg, dfgj clwsf/ lzIff, ;|f]t s]Gb| / o; ;DaGwL ljleGg ultljlwx, cfof]udf

kbflwsf/L ljlxg cj:yf / r'gf}ltx? ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . 5nkmn sfo{qmddf cGo

;+3;+:yfaf6 ;+rflnt afn ;f+;b, dlxnf ;f+;b, hGdbtf{ ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?, åGåaf6 k|efljt

afnaflnsfx?sf] ;+/If0fsf] If]qdf cfof]lht ljleGg sfo{qmdx?, tflnd, dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf

sfo{ ug{sf] nflu ljleGg Snjx? u7g ul/Psf] cflb ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] .

5nkmnsf] qmddf jt{dfg kl/j]zdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t

ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx? ;a} ldn]/ sfo{ut Pstfsf If]qx?sf]

klxrfg u/L dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf ;+o'Qm jsfnt ug'{kg]{ ;fy} ;+3;+:yfx?jLr ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg

tyf e]63f6 lgoldt ?kdf ul/g'kg]{ ;DaGwdf ;'emfjx? ;d]t k|fKt ePsf lyP . 5nkmndf

cfof]uåf/f ;+rfng ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lbg'sf] ;fy} o;nfO{ k|efjsf/L

agfpg ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;+:yfx?n] ;xof]u ul/g] af/]df ;d]t k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf lyP .

• dlxnf clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gdf /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u / cGo dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL

;+3;+:yfx?sf] e'ldsf

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] kmfu'g @#, @)^# df dlxnf clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gdf /fli6«o

dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u / cGo dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL ;+3;+:yfx?sf] e'ldsf ljifos cGtlqm{of

sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf dlxnfdfly ckx]ngf, b'Jo{jxf/, clwsf/af6 jl~rt

x'g] u/]sf], dlxnfsf] clwsf/ :jod\ dlxnfaf6 klg xgg ul//x]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg /x]sf] ljifodf

5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf /fhgLlts kf6L{sf k|ltlglw, ;/sf/L pRr kbflwsf/L, gful/s

;dfh, k]zfut ;+u7gsf k|ltlglw, ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, rnlrq snfsf/ ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf

/x]sf] lyof] . 5nkmn sfo{qmddf dlxnf clwsf/ ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ePsf] sfg"gL k|fjwfgx?nfO{{

sfof{Gjog ug{ ;+oGq lgdf{0f u/L cg'udgsf] Joj:yf ul/g'kg]{, dlxnfk|lt x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f kl/jt{g

ug'{kg]{, k|ltlglwTjdf n}ª\uLo?kdf ;+VofTds ;Gt'ng ldnfpg ljwflosfx?n] ;f]Rg'kg]{,

ljwfosx?nfO{{ klg dfgjclwsf/ ;DaGwL tflnd lbg'kg]{, dlxnf clwsf/sf ;DaGwdf rnlrqsdL{,

snfsf/, /fhgLlts kf6L{sf sfo{stf{x?nfO{{ tflnd lbg'kg]{, dlxnf clwsf/ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf]

df}lns xsd} Joj:yf ug'{kg]{, dlxnf clwsf/nfO{{ dfgjclwsf/sf] ?kdf k|rf/k|;f/ ul/g'kg]{,

cleefjsx?n] 5f]/f / 5f]/L a/fa/L Jojxf/ ug]{ kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; ug{ cleofg ;~rfng ug'{kg]{,


22

clwsf/ k|flKtsf nflu dlxnfx?nfO{{ /fhgLltdf ;lqmo agfpg'kg]{, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts ;'wf/sf]

cleofgnfO{{ k|fyldstf lbg'kg]{, /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]udf dlxnf;DaGwL 5'6\6} O{sfO u7g

ug'{kg]{, dlxnf clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] ljifodf /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]un] cg'udg ug'{kg]{,

;~hfn, ;"rgf / k|ljlwdf dlxnfsf] kx'Fr j[l4 ug'{kg h:tf ;'emfjx? k|fKt ePsf lyP . ;dfhdf

dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL r]tgf clea[l4 ug{ cfof]un] k|a4{gfTds sfo{x? a9fpg' kg]{, ;xsfo{nfO{

hf]8lbg' kg]{, ljifodf ;d]t ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . cfof]un] yk ;|f]t ;fwgsf] th'{df u/L u|fdL0f

:t/;Dd ;r]tgf clea[l4 tyf kx'Fr lj:tf/ ug'{ kg]{ ;'emfj ;d]t k|fKt ePsf lyP .

v= uf]i7L tyf tflnd sfo{qmd

• ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cg'aGw @))^ sf] cg'df]bgsf]

jsfnt ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L /fhgLlts kf6L{sf k|ltlglw, ;/sf/L pRr kbflwsf/L, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw,

k];fut;+u7gsf k|ltlglw, ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf k|ltlglw, rnlrq snfsf/ / ckfËtf

ePsf JolQmx? ;d]t u/L sl/a *) hgfsf] ;xeflutfdf "UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities -2006" nfO{{ ;+;baf6 cg'df]bg u/fpgsf nflu ;/sf/;Fu kxn ug{]

p2]Zon] @)^# r}q !) ut] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u / /fli6«o ckfË dxf;+3sf] ;+o'Qm

cfof]hgfdf sfof{zfnf uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] lgisif{df g]kfnsf k|rlnt

sfg"gx¿n] ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{{ dfq

sNof0fsf/L cjwf/0ffaf6 x]/]sf] / ;+o'Qm

/fi6«;+3af6 ePsf 3f]if0ff tyf k|:tfjgfx¿

afWofTds gx'g] ePsfn] ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx¿

dfgjLo ;dfhdf dfgjLo cË eP/ afFRg

g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfdf ckfËtf ePsf

JolQmx¿nfO{{ pgLx¿sf] g};lu{s clwsf/x?sf]

k|Tofe"tL lbnfpgsf ;fy} ;dfhdf dfgjLo

;+:s[ltsf] lb3{sflng ljsf;sf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«

;+3sf] cys k|of; kl5 ag]sf] o; dxf;lGwsf] cg'df]bg / o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fli6«o

ckfË dxf;+3sf] g]t[Tjdf x'g] /rgfTds bjfd'ns sfo{qmddf /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]un]

ljleGg ;/f]sf/ lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo sfod ub}{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf kxn ug{] k|ltj4tf JoQm

ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;a} ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;femf kxndf ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf]

clwsf/ ;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo cg'aGw cg'df]bg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf lg/Gt/ jsfnt

tyf bjfjd"ns sfo{qmd ug'{kg]{ lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] lyof] . ;fy} cg'aGw cg'df]bg ug]{ t/

sfof{Gjog gug]{ ;/sf/L pbf;LgtfnfO{ k|lt nlIft ub}{ cg'df]bg k'j{ cfjZos k"jf{wf/ v8f ug{

;d]t ;'emfj lbOPsf] lyof] .

dfgj clwsf/ lzIff ;DjGwL uf]i7L


23

• cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] xs clwsf/, o;;Fu ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ b:tfj]h,

;o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo k|0ffnL tyf cGt/{fli6«o >d ;+u7g dxf;lGw !^( sf] ;DaGwdf cfof]lht

sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uåf/f cflbjf;L hghfltx?sf] xs clwsf/, o;;Fu ;DjlGwt

cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ b:tfj]h, ;o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo k|0ffnL (UN System) tyf cGt/{fli6«o

>d ;+u7g dxf;lGw !^( sf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lbg] p2]Zon] @)^$ h]i7 @@ ut] sfof{zfnf

uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;+;b ;lrjfnosf pk ;efd'v dfggLo lrqn]vf

ofbj, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdsf k|ltlgwL, cGt/{fli6«o >d ;+u7gsf k|ltlgwL, ;+o'Qm

/fi6«;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ pRrcfo'Qmsf] sfof{nosf k|ltlgwL, cflbjf;L tyf hghfltsf] If]qdf

sfo{/t ljleGg u}/;/sf/L ;+3 ;:yfsf k|ltlgwL, ;'/Iff lgsfosf dfgj clwsf/ ;]nsf k|ltlglw,

dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf sd{rf/L tyf kqsf/ u/L emG8} !@% hgfsf] ;xeflutf lyof] .

sfo{qmddf cg]stfdf Pstf eGg] gf/f eP tfklg hftLo, juL{o, ef}uf]lns, wfld{s ljljwtf tyf

ljleGg cj/f]wsf sf/0f hgtfn] nf]stGqsf] ld7f] kmn rfVg gkfPsf] / cflbjf;Lsf ;jfnnfO{{

;Daf]wg ubf{ >d ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cle;lGw -ILO Convention) df ePsf kfFr

clwsf/sf] klg k|Tofe"lt u/fpg' kg]{ ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} s'g} klg gful/sn] cfkm'

cGofodf k/]sf] cg'ej ug{ gkfcf];\ / /fHon] u/]sf] lje]bnfO{{ cGTo ug{ pQm cle;lGwnfO{{

cg'df]bgsf nflu bjfjd"ns jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf u/L cfjZos sbd rfNg] k|ltj4tf JoQm

ul/Psf] lyof] .

• cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf / b08xlgtf ljifos sfo{zfnf uf]i7L

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u / dfgj clwsf/ tyf k|hftflGqs d~r -kmf]l/8_ sf] ;+o'Qm

cfof]hgfdf @)^$ j}zfv ^ ut] /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf

/ b08xLgtf ljifos Pslbg] sfo{zfnf uf]i7L ;DkGg u/]sf] lyof] . uf]i7Lsf] d'Vo p2]Zo

b08xLgtf cGTosf nflu /fHo ;+oGq lj?4 gful/s bjfj l;h{gf ug]{, /fHosf ljleGg

;+oGqx?df b08xLgtfsf] cj:yfsf] tx klxrfg ug]{ tyf /fHokIfaf6 b08xLgtf cGTosf nflu

k|ltj4tf hfx]/ u/fpg], a9\bf] b08xLgtfsf] cj:yf s]nfpFb} o;sf] cGTosf nflu k|efjsf/L efjL

/0fgLlt to ug]{ /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ;/sf/L lgsfo, u}/;/sf/L lgsfo / gful/s ;dfh

tyf kqsf/x? ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

g]kfndf @)!& b]lv @)$^ ;fn;Ddsf] cjlwdf j]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx?sf] 5fgjLg ug{ ag]sf]

;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg nufot ljleGg k|ltj]bgx?sf] sfof{Gjog gx'g' / /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/

cfof]uaf6 lg0f{o eO{ ;/sf/nfO{{ lg0f{o sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ul/Psf l;kmfl/;x?sf] sfof{Gjog

gx'g'n] klg g]kfndf klg b08xLgtfn] k|>o kfPsf] :ki6 x'G5 . sfo{qmddf k|:t't ul/Psf] sfo{kq

/ ;xeflux?af6 cfPsf ljrf/x?nfO{{ ;d]t PsLs[t ubf{ cfPsf] lgisif{sf ?kdf b08lxgtfsf]

cGTosf nflu cGt/f{li6«o d"No dfGotf cg'?k k|efjsf/L / ;Ifd ;+oGqsf] cfjZoStf /x]sf]

lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] lyof] . dfgj clwsf/ / dfgjtf lj?4sf] ck/fwdf kZrftbzL{ sfg"g agfP/


24

b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ug'{ kg]{, ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]usf] l56f] eGbf l56f] u7g x'g'

kg]{, g]kfnn] /f]d ljwfgnfO{{ cg'df]bg ug'{ kg]{, ;/sf/n] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf]

l;kmfl/;sf] sfof{Gjog ug'[{ kg]{ h:tf ;'emfjx? k|fKt ePsf lyP .

;jf]{Rr cbfntsf Gofolw; sNof0f >]i7sf] k|d'v cflyTodf cfof]lht pQm sfo{qmddf dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]u / cbfntsf] lg0f{ox? sfof{Gjog x'g g;ls/x]sf] cj:yfn] b08lxgtfn] k|>o

kfO/x]sf] tYo ;xefuLx?n] phfu/ u/]sf lyP . jt{dfg ;/sf/af6klg b08lxgtfnfO{ plrt

;Djf]wg x'g g;s]sf]n] nf]stGq / hgcfGbf]ngsf] dd{ cg'?k sfo{ x'g g;s]sf] c;+t'li6

;xefuLx?n] JoQm u/]sf lyP .

• dfgjclwsf/ / ;+rf/ ljifos sfo{zfnf

/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u k"jf{~rn If]qLo sfof{no, lj/f6gu/sf] cfof]hgf tyf dfgjclwsf/,

;fdflhs ;r]tg / ljsf; s]Gb| -x';f8]s_ g]kfnsf] ;+of]hgdf cfof]usf] ;ftf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf]

cj;/df @)^$ ;fn h]i7 !# ut] b]lv !^ ut];Dd wgs'6f lhNnfsf] kflv|jf;df ;+rflnt

dfgjclwsf/ / ;+rf/ ljifos tflnd sfo{zfnfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf

;xefuL wgs'6f, t]x|y'd, ;+v'jf;ef / ef]hk'/ lhNnfsf ;~rf/sdL{ tyf dfgjclwsf/sdL{x?

;d]tsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmdsf] cGTodf kqsfl/tf;DaGwL kflv|jf; 3f]if0ff kq

hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] .

hf/L ul/Psf] 3f]if0ffkqdf dfgjclwsf/

kqsf/n] dfgj clwsf/, cGt/f{li6«o

dfgjLo sfg"g, ;+ljwfgn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf

df}lns xsx? / cGo P]g sfg"gx?;DaGwL

cfwf/e"t 1fg xfl;n u/]s]f x'g'kg]{,

;dfrf/nfO{{ dfgjclwsf/jfbL b[li6sf]0faf6

ljZn]if0f tyf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg] x''g'kg]{,

kqsf/ / dfgjclwsf/sdL{n] kfngf ug'{kg]{

cfrf/;+lxtf ;DaGwL hfgsf/L x''g'kg]{,

dlxnf, blnt, afnaflnsf, dw];L,

cflbjf;L, hghflt, ckfËtf ePsf dflg;

nufotsf l;dfGts[t ju{sf] ;jfn klxrfg

ug{;Sg] x'g' kg]{, kLl8t / kL8s kIfsf

dfgjclwsf/k|lt ;r]t eP/ :jtGq / lgikIf ;dfrf/ ;Dk|]if0f ug'{ kg]{, :s"k Go'h / a|]lsª

Go'hnfO{{ plrt k/LIf0f kZrft\ ;Dk|]if0f / k|sfzg÷k|;f/0f ug'{kg]{ h:tf ljifodf k|ltj4tf

hgfOPsf] lyof] .

/fhg}lts bnsf k|ltlgwLx?nfO{ dfgj clwsf/ lzIff ;DjGwL

cled'vLs/0f


25

• g]kfn k|x/Lsf nflu cfof]lht dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"g ljifos tflnd sfo{qmd

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, If]qLo

sfof{no, kf]v/fsf] cfof]hgfdf u08sL /

wf}nflu/Lc~rndf sfo{/t g]kfn k|x/Lsf

clws[tx? –k|x/L gfoj lg/LIfs / k|x/L

;xfos lg/LIfs_ sf] nflu ædfgj clwsf/

tyf dfgjLo sfg"gÆ ljifos @ lbg] tflnd

sfo{qmd sf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

sfo{qmddf ;xeflux?nfO{{ dfgj clwsf/sf]

cjwf/0ff leq ;'/Iff, /fli6«o tyf

cGt//fli6«o b:tfj]hx?, dfgj clwsf/

xgg\, HofbtL tyf ck/fw aLrsf] leGgtf, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gsf] nflu /fli6«o

dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u dfgj clwsf/ pRr cfo'Qmsf] sfof{nosf] e"ldsf,dfgj clwsf/ / /fHosf]

bfloTj ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] . dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+a4{gsf] nflu cfof]un] dfgj

clwsf/sf] ;+a4{gsf] nflu cfof]un] dfly pNn]v ul/Psf sfo{qmdsf] ;fy} cGo w]/} sfo{qmdx?

;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] . h;dWo] s]xLsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0f cg';"rL & df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

u= dfgj clwsf/ lzIff ;DaGwdf

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Da4{gsf] ;DaGwdf dfgj clwsf/ eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf] dxTj lsg x'G5 <

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gdf sf] s:sf] e"ldsf s:tf] x'G5 eGg] ljifodf ljBfno :t/sf]

kf7\qmddf s] s:tf] Joj:yfx? /x]sf 5g\ / s] s:tf] ljifox? ;dfj]z ug'{ kb{5 eGg] ljifodf

ljleGg ;+:yfx?af6 ePsf k|of;x? tyf r'gf}ltx?, ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx? ;fy} /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/

cfof]usf] e"ldsf ;DaGwdf ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ljleGg ldltdf 5'§f5'§} cGtlqm{of

sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . h;df sf7df08f} pkTosf leqsf ;/sf/L ljBfno / af]l8{ª

:s"nx?sf k|wfgfWoks÷k|d'vx?, lhNnf lzIff clwsf/Lx?, dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t

ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, lzIff dGqfnosf sfodd'sfod ;lrj, cy{

dGqfnosf ;lrj, ;fdfGo k|zf;g dGqfnosf

;lrj, jftfj/0f, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfnosf

;lrj, :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnosf sfodd'sfod

;lrj, dlxnf afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f

dGqfno, sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs, :6fkm sn]h, kf7\oqmd

ljsf; s]Gb|sf dxflgb]{zs, lzIff ljefusf

dxflgb]{zs, z}lIfs hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb|sf

dxflgb]{zs, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf ;lrj, lqe'jg

ljZj ljBfno lzIff zf:q z+sfosf l8g, :s'n ckm

Ph's]zg sf7df08f}+ ljZjljBfno, ;'/Iff lgsfosf

sf:sLsf] n'Dn]df k|x/L clws[tx?sf] nflu cfof]lht dfgj clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg"g ljifos tflndsfo{qmddf

;xefuLx?

dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf jf/]df ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3 ;+:yfx? ;+u 5nkmn÷cGtlqmof ub}{


26

k|d'vx? tyf dfgj clwsf/ zfvf k|d'vx?, dlxnf ljsf; k|lzIf0f s]Gb| k|d'v, ljleGg

bft[lgsfox?sf k|ltlglwx?;Fu ljleGg ;dodf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L cf}krfl/s lzIff

tkm{ dfWoflds txsf ljBfnosf]] kf7\oqmdx?df ædfgj clwsf/ lzIffÆ ;DaGwL ljifoj:t'x? s]

slt ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g ;fy} lzIfsx?nfO{{ s:tf] lsl;dsf] tflndx? k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 ;f]

;DaGwdf klg cWoog ug]{ dfgj clwsf/ lzIff ;dfof]hg ;fy} lzIfsnfO{{ tflndx?sf ;DaGwdf

kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb| / z}lIfs hgzlQm ljsf; s]Gb|;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{ If]q klxrfg ;DaGwdf

hfgsf/L lng] p2]Zon] ljleGg a}7sx? ePsf lyP .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cof]uåf/f ljBfno :t/Lo kf7\oqmdsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf] 5 . pQm

k'g/fjnf]sgaf6 ljBfnosf] kf7\oqmd tyf kf7\ok':ts? ;fy} ;Gbe{ ;fdu|Lx?df dfgj clwsf/

;DaGwL ljifoa:t'x? eP ÷gePsf,] ePsf] eP s] slt dfqfdf /flvPsf] cflb s'/fx?sf] af/]df

pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .

dfgj clwsf/ lzIffnfO{ Jojl:yt ?kdf kf7\oqmd, kf7\ok':ts tyf cGo kf7\o;fdfu|Ldf ;dfj]z

ug{ ljleGg cGtlqm{of÷5nkmnn] lbzf lgb]{z ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofPsf] lyof] . tbcg'?k kf7\oqmd

ljsf; s]Gb| tyf z}lIfs hgzlQm ljsf;s]Gb|af6 o; ljifodf yfngL ;d]t eO;s]sf] cj:yf 5 .

5nkmn tyf cgtlqm{ofdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] oBlk o;nfO{ gLltut ?kdf :jLsf/ u/L cufl8 a9\g'

kg]{ cfjZoQmf /x]sf] ;'emfj lbPsf lyP . cfof]un] o; ljifodf bL3{sfnLg of]hgf agfO{ cufl8

a9\g] / o;df ;a} ;+3;+:yfx?n] ;d]t ;xof]u ug]{ lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] lyof] .

!= dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt lzIff ;+hfnsf] lgdf{0f

dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt lzIffsf If]qdf sfo{ug]{ sf7df08f}+ pkTosf leqsf sl/j @) j6f

;+:yfx?sf] ;xeflutfdf dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt lzIff ( Human Rights and Peace Education Network) sf] lgdf{0f ePsf] 5 . sl/j Ps jif{sf] cGt/fndf o; ;+hfnsf] & j6f

a}7s / # j6f tflnd sfo{qmdx? ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . o; cGtu{sf ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx?sf] pQm

If]qdf ePu/]sf sfo{x?sf] cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg ug'{ ;fy} ljleGg ;+3;+:yfx?af6 k|sflzt

k|sfzgx?sf] klg cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ dfgj clwsf/ tyf zflGt lzIffsf]

k|rf/k|;f/df 6]jf k'Ug uPsf] 5 .

@= dfgj clwsf/ lzIff ;DaGwL 1fg, ;Lk tyf cEof; cWoog

ljBfnosf lzIfs tyf ljBfyL{x?sf] dfgj

clwsf/ lzIff ;DaGwL If]qdf 1fg, ;Lk tyf

cEof; ;DaGwdf @) j6f ljBfnosf *( hgf

lzIfs÷!*@ hgf ljBfyL{x?df cWoog ul/Psf]

lyof] . o;af6 lzIfs tyf ljBfyL{x?df dfgj

clwsf/ lzIff ;DaGwL 1fg, l;k tyf

k|of]usf]df ;Gtf]ifhgs l:ytL b]lvPsf] 5}g .

cfof]usf sd{rf/Låf/f ;j{;fw/0fnfO{ dfgj clwsf/ ;DjGwL lzIff lbb}


27

dfgj clwsf/ ljifo ;dfj]zdf Jojl:yt gePsf] , lzIfs tyf tflnd stf{x?df ljifodf kof{Kt

1fg, lzk gePsf] tyf afnaflnsfx?df kf7\oqmdn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 1fg ;Lk tyf Jojxf/ k|of]u

x'g g;s]sf] tYox? kfOPsf] lyof] .

3 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u u7g ;DaGwdf ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?åf/f

ul/Psf kxnx?

cfof]udf @)^# c;f/ @% b]lv kbflwsf/Lx? gePsf]n] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{g ug]{

sfo{df sl7gfO{ ePsf] lyof] . cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] l56f] eGbf l56f] lgo'lQm u/L cfof]unfO{{

k"0f{tf lbgsf] nflu cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?n] k|wfgdGqL, dGqLx?, ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf ;b:ox?;Fu

e]63f6 u/L Wofgfsif{0f u/fPsf lyP . To;}u/L gful/s ;dfh;Fu klg cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?sf]

lgo'lQm ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{{ bjfj lbg ljleGg sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L cfu|x ul/Psf]

lyof] . To;}u/L cfof]usf ;+/If0f clws[tx? Zofdafa' sfˆn], af;'b]j ahufO{ / cZj:yfdf eQm

v/]nn] JolQmut x}l;otdf cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQmsf] nflu ;jf]{Rr cbfndf l/6 lgj]bg

;d]t bfo/ ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . cfof]usf] sfd sf/afxLdf uDeL/ ;d:of b]lvPsf]n] cfof]usf

sd{rf/Lx?n] ;/sf/nfO{{ ;a} tkm{af6 bjfj lbg cfof]usf] kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm k]l/;

l;4fGtcg'?k oyf;So l56f] ul/g'kg]{ ljifonfO{{ lnP/ ;a} /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?, dfgj clwsf/

tyf ;fdflhs Gofo ;ldltsf ;b:ox?, ;+j}wflgs kl/ifbsf ;b:ox?, dfgj clwsf/ ;ldltsf

;b:ox?, dGqLx? u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?;Fu cfof]usf] kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm k]l/;

l;4fGtcg'?k oyf;So l56f] ul/g'kg]{ ;DaGwdf @)^$ ;fn h]i7 @ ut] a'wjf/ b]lv h]i7 @!

ut];Dd ;DalGwt sfof{nox?df uO{ 5nkmn tyf cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd ;DkGg u/]sf] lyof] . o;

qmddf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx?;Fu 5'§f5'§} e]63f6 tyf 5nkmn ul/Psf] / pxfFx?sf] o;

ljifok|lt uflEdo{tf b]vfpg'ePsf] lyof] . ;/sf/k|d'v tyf k|wfgdGqL;Fu ;d]t o; lsl;dsf]

5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .

dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg ;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?n] cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?åf/f ul/Psf] o;

lsl;dsf] k|of;sf] ;/fxgf ub}{ ljgf kbflwsf/Lsf] cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?n] dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f

/ ;+j4{gdf k'¥ofpb} cfPsf] of]ubfgsf] sb/ ub}{ cfof]usf kbflwsfl/x?sf] lgo'lQm ug{ ;a}n] cf—

cfkm\gf] If]qaf6 cfjZos kxn ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfOPsf] lyof] .

ª= ;+ljwfg ;ef ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx?

• lgjf{rg cfof]u;Fu 5nkmn tyf cGtlqm{of

;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfadf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uåf/f ul/g] c'gudg tyf lgjf{rg cfof]usf]

tof/L ;DaGwdf ldlt @)^# kf}if @$ ut] lgjf{rg cfof]usf] sfof{nodf, 5nkmn tyf e]63f6

sfo{qmd ;DkGg ul/of] . pQm sfo{qmdsf] p2]Zo ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfadf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/

cfof]uåf/f ul/g] c'gudg / ;f] ;DaGwdf lgjf{rg cfof]usf] tof/L af/] hfgsf/L ug]{ u/fpg]

/x]sf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf lgjf{rg cfof]usf k|d'v cfo'Qm, ef]h/fh kf]v/]n;Fu /fli6«o dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?n] e]63f6 u/L o; ljifodf 5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] .


28

5nkmnsf] qmddf cfof]uåf/f ug{ nfluPsf] cg'udgsf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf], lgjf{rg cfof]u ;+ljwfg

;efsf] lgjf{rg tof/L ;DaGwdf Jo:t /x]sf],

ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ;f] ;DaGwdf

5nkmn hf/L /x]sf] ;DaGwdf rrf{ ul/Psf]

lyof] . pQm cg'udgsf] nflu cfjZos tof/L

ug]{ ;DaGwdf, lgjf{rg cg'udgsf] nflu 7"nf]

wg/fzLsf] cfjZostf ePsf]n] o; ;DaGwdf

cfjZos ;|f]t ;fwg cfkm+} h'6fpgsf] nflu

klg /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{{ ;'emfj

k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . ;+ljwfg ;ef / dfgj

clwsf/ ljifodf cfof]un] ljleGg :yfgx?df

ljleGg sfo{qmd dfkm{t gful/sx?nfO{ ;r]t

u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

r_ O a'n]6Lg

cfof]usf ultljlwx?, of]hgfx? tyf dxTjk"0f{ k|]z lj1lKt / k|]; ;Dd]ngx? cflb ljifox?nfO{{ ;d]6]/

Od]nsf] dfWodaf6 l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{{ hfgsf/L u/fpg] p2]Zon] ;g @))@

b]lv kflIfs?kdf c+u|]hL efiffdf Oa'n]l6g k|sfzg tyf ljt/0f ul/+b} cfPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd sl/j !% ;o

Od]n 7]ufgfdf of] a'n]l6g ljt/0f ul/+b} cfPsf] 5 . o; a'n]l6gsf d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx? g]kfn l:yt

dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{ug]{ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3;+:yfx?, ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?, ;+rf/ hut,

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox?, s'6g}lts lgof]ux?, bft[/fi6«sf sfof{nox?, If]qLo:t/sf dfgj clwsf/

;DaGwL ;+hfnx? nufot OR5's JolQmx? ;d]t /x]sf 5g . xfn ;Dddf Oa'n]l6g cfof]unfO{{ l56f]

tyf 5l/tf] ?kdf k[i7kf]if0f k|fKt ug]{ k|efjsf/L dfWod ag]sf] 5 . h;n] ubf{ cfof]un] cfkm\gf]

sfo{x?nfO{{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg d2t ldNg]5 . o; O a'n]l6g cfof]usf] j]e;fO6

www.nhrcnepal.org 7]ufgfdf ;d]t hfgsf/Lsf] nflu /flvPsf] 5 .

O a'n]l6g dfkm{t cfof]un] cfˆgf] lqmofsnfkx? ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;j{;'ne ?kn] hfgsf/L u/fpg]

tyf cGo ;fdfu|Lsf] af/]df ;fd]t hfgsf/L u/fpg] p4]Zon] k|sflzt ub}{ cfPsf]df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?af6

;+t'li6 ;d]t JoQm u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .

5_ dfgj clwsf/ >f]t s]Gb| / o;sf ultljlwx?

cfof]u kl/if/df :yflkt dfgj clwsf/ >f]t s]Gb|df xfn;Dd sl/j ^)) hgf cfuGt'sx? cWoogsf]

nflu cfPsf / sl/j b'Oxhf/ hgfnfO{{ cfof]uåf/f k|sflzt ;|f]ts]Gb|df /x]sf k':ts tyf k|ltj]bgx?

ljt/0f ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]usf] d'Vo sfof{nosf] kl/;/df /x]sf] of] ;|f]ts]Gb|df pknAw ;fdu|Lx? ;a}n]

lgMz'Ns pkof]u ug{ kfpg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o; ;|f]t s]Gb|df dfgj clwsf/, afn clwsf/, dlxnf

clwsf/, gful/s tyf /fhg}lts clwsf/, n}lËs cWoog, cGt/f{li6«o dfgjLo sfg"g, åGå÷o'4, zflGt

jftfj/0f, cftÍjfb, /fl6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g nufotsf ljifox?;Fu ;DalGwt k':ts, dfgj

vf]6fË lhNnfsf] lbSt]ndf ;+ljwfg ;ef / xfd|f] e"ldsf ljifos sfo{zfnf

uf]i7Ldf ;xefuLx? k|:t'tL s/0f ug]{ qmddf


29

clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3–;+:yfsf k|ltj]bg, hg{n, kqklqsfsf lSnlkª,

cfof]usf k|sfzg tyf cfof]usf ljljw ultljlw emNsfpg] >Job[io ;fdu|Lx? ;d]t pknAw 5g\ .

h;af6 dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf rfv /fVg], cg';Gwfg ug]{ JolQmx?n] a9L eGbf a9L ;]jf lng ;Sg]

ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

dfgj clwsf/ >f]t s]Gb|df cg';Gwfg tyf cWoog ug{ cfpg] JolQmx?sf] nflu lgz'Ns OG6/g]6 ;]jf

k|bfg ug]{ Joj:yf ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . ;|f]t s]Gb|df cfpg] cfuGt'sx?n] ;|f]t s]Gb|af6 cfkm"x? nfleflGjt

ePsf] / ;|f]t s]Gb|df u|fld0f :t/df pkof]uL ;fdfu|Lx? klg /fVg' kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf lyP .

h_ lbjz tyf ;df/.f]x

!= cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ lbj;

%* cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ lbj;sf] ;Gbe{df cfof]u kl/;/df Ps sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf

ul/Psf] lyof] . dfggLo ;efd'v >L ;'jf; g]Djfª k|d'v cfltYodf ;DkGg pQm sfo{qmddf g]kfn

l:yt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{noaf6 >L 8]lj6 hf]G;g cltly /xg'ePsf] lyof] .

cfof]uåf/f /fi6«JofkL ?kdf cfof]lht afn clwsf/

ljifos syf k|ltof]lutfsf k|ltof]uL ljBfyL{x?nfO{{

gub k'/:sf/ tyf Kofs ;d]t ljt/0f ul/Psf] lyof]

. sfo{qmddf dfgj clwsf/ tyf afn clwsf/sf

ljifodf ;r]tgf hufpg] tyf jsfnt ug]{ lsl;dsf]

3/]n' afn >d ;DaGwL gf6s klg k|bz{g ul/Psf]

lyof] . k|d'v cltly tyf cltlyaf6 kbflwsf/L

ljlxgtfn] ubf{ cjZo klg oxfFsf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{{

sfo{ afwfx? ePs} 5g / sd{rf/Lx?af6 h] hlt

sfo{x? x'g ;s]sf 5g tL lgs} g} ;X|fgLo ePsf] / lgs6 eljiodf g} cfof]un] k'0f{tf kfpg]5

eGg] ljZjf; lbnfpg'sf] ;fy} o;sf] u7g k]l/; l;4fGt cg'?k x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf xfdL ;a}sf] kxn

x'g]5 eGg] s'/f;d]t atfpg'ePsf] lyof] .

@= jflif{s pT;j ;df/f]x

cfof]u :yfkgf ePsf] ;ftf}+ jif{ k"/fePsf] pknIodf @)^$ h]i7 !# ut] cfof]udf kqsf/ ;Dd]ng

u/L jflif{s pT;j dgfOof] . cfof]u kbflwsf/L ljlxg ePsf] sl/j !) dlxgf lalt;Sbf klg

cfof]un] k"0f+{tf kfpg g;s]sf] sf/0fn] cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?åf/f cfo'Qmx? j:g] kfFrj6f vfnL

s';L{x? ;f+s]lts ?kdf /flvPsf] / sd{rf/Lx?sf] kxnaf6 ug{ ;lsPsf sfo{x? ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L

lbg] / rfF8f] eGbf rfF8f] cfof]usf] u7g ug{ bjfj lb+gsf] nflu ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ul/Psf]

e]63f6 tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmdaf6 k|fKt lgisif{x?nfO{{ kqsf/x? dfkm{t k|rf/k|;r/ ug{sf] nflu

pQm kqsf/ ;Dd]ng ul/Psf] lyof] . kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf kqsf/x?n] cfof]usf pknAwL r'gf}lt

ljifodf ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fOPsf] lyof] .

;efd'våf/f ljhotfnfO{ k'/:sf/ ljt/0f


30

em_ 8s'd]G6«L lgdf{0f - /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u / o;sf sfo{x? _

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uåf/f dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{g ug]{ qmddf ul/Psf dfgj

clwsf/ cg'udg, cg';Gwfg, cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/ / dfgj clwsf/ lzIff ;DaGwL tflnd, uf]i7L,

cGtlqm{of ;fy} kqsf/ ;Dd]ng cflb h:tf ljljw sfo{qmdx?nfO{{ ;d]6]/ sl/j #) ldg]6sf] Pp6f

8s'd]G6«Lsf] tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . pQm 8s'd]G6«LnfO{{ kf]v/f, wgu9L, g]kfnuGh cflb If]qdf cfof]lht

dfgj clwsf/ k|bz{gL / sf7df08f}df cfof]lht /fli6«o zflGt lzIff ;Dd]ngdf b]vfO cfof]u / o;sf

sfo{x?sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf ;fy} cfof]uåf/f cfof]lht ljleGg sfo{qmdx?df klg

o;sf] k|rf/k|;f/ ug]{ ul/Psf] 5 . h;af6 cfof]un] u/]sf lqmofsnfkx? ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ a'em\g

a'emfpg ;lhnf] ePsf] k|ltlqmof k|fKt ePsf] 5 .

`_ cGo lqmofsnfkx?

o;sf cltl/Qm dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Da4{gsf

nflu cfof]un] ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'vx?;Fu

lgoldt e]63f6 tyf 5nkmn u/L dfgj

clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df ;d;fdlos

hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . dfgj clwsf/sf]

If]qdf sfo{/t ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|d'v tyf

k|ltlglwx? aLr dfgj clwsf/sf] ;d;fdlos

ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{ ul/Psf] lyof] . h;af6

dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfdf ;'wf/ ug{sf] nflu

;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfx?n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{qmdx?df cfof]usf]

tkm{af6 ;xeflutf hgfpg'sf] ;fy} ljleGg tflnd uf]i7Ldf ;xhstf{sf] e"ldsf ;d]t lgefPsf] lyof] .

ljleGg ;dfrf/dfWofdx?nfO{{ dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] af/]df, dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifodf ljleGg

kbflwsf/Lx?n] cGtjf{tf dfkm{t klg dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Da4{g ug]{ sfo{ x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . h;af6 dfgj

clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / ;Da4{gsf] nflu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{df ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

To;}u/L cfof]uåf/f ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx? h:t} ;'/Iff lgsfo, dfgj clwsf/ ;+3 ;+:yf, kqsf/ tyf

gful/s ;dfhsf] dfgj clwsf/ 1fg, ;Lksf] clea[l4df ;3fp k'¥ofpg s]lGb|o, If]qLo, tyf ;Dks{

sfof{nox?af6 tflnd ;r]tgf sfo{x? cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} cfof]un] cGo ;+3;+:yfx?af6

cfof]lht r]tgfd"ns tyf dfgj clwsf/ lzIff k|a4{g ug{ sfo{qmdx?df k|fljws ;xof]u tyf ;|f]t

JolQmsf] ;]jf pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf clea[l4sf] nflu

ljleGg tflnd sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . cfof]udf /x]sf] hgzStLnfO{{ / ;/f]sf/jfnf

u}/;sf/L ;+3 ;F:yf / ;/sf/L lgsfosf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{{ Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ dgzfon] Training on Human Trafficking, Migration and Human Rights laifos # lbg] tflnd sfo{s|dsf] cfof]hgf

ul/Psf] lyof] .

kf]v/fdf ePsf] dfgj clwsf/ k|bz{gLsf] Ps emns


31

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+a4{g ug{sf] nflu cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no kf]v/f, g]kfnu~h / wgu9Ldf dfgj

clwsf/ k|bz{gLsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf @) xhf/ eGbf a9L JolQmx?n] k|bz{gLsf]

cjnf]sg u/]sf lyP . h;af6 dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifodf w]/}nfO{ ;fdfGo hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof]] .

!=# ljlw ljifo k/fdz{ ;DaGwL sfo{x¿

! sfg"g k'g/fjnf]sg tyf P]g lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfo{

cfof]un] afnaflnsfsf] xs lxt ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g, @)^# sf] d:of}bf pk/ s]Gb|Lo

afn sNof0f ;ldltnfO{{ /fo k]z u/]sf] / cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yfkg ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt @)^@ pk/

;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu 5nkmn cGt/lqmof u/L g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf /fo k]z u/]sf] lyof] . cGtl/d

;+ljwfgdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u ;DjGwL Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg Joj:yflksf ;+;b\,

/fhgLlts bn, ;DalGwt ljifosf] lj1, u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf nufot cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?;Fu j[xt

5nkmn u/L o; ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f ;ldltnfO{{ ;'emfjx? k]z u/]sf]

lyof] . To;} u/L dfgj j]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f ljw]os, @)^# pk/ Joj:yflksf–;+;b\

;dIf ljleGg ;'emfjx? k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof] . dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, @)%# nfO{ cfjZos ;+zf]wg

u/L cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# cg's"n agfpgsfnflu d:of}bf ljw]os k]z ug{ k|wfgdGqL tyf

dGqLkl/ifb\sf] sfof{noåf/f ul7t ;ldltdf k|ltlglwTj u/L ;f] ljw]os lgdf{0fdf o; cfof]un]

dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] lyof] . o;sf cltl/Qm ;jf{]Rr cbfntaf6 JolQmsf] hLjg, :jtGqtf /

;dfgtf ;DjGwL ljifodf ePsf km};nfx? g]kfn kIf ePsf dfgj clwsf/ ;DjGwL cGt/f{li6«o

;lGw cg's"n eP gePsf] ljifodf ;d]t cWoog ul/Psf] lyof] . o;sf cltl/Qm cfof]un] ljleGg

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?af6 cg'/f]w eO{ cfP adf]lhd dfgj clwsf/ tyf g]kfn sfg"gsf ljleGg

ljifodf cfjZos /fo k/fdz{ ;d]t pknJw u/fPsf] lyof] .

@= cfof]u lj?4sf d'2fdfldnfdf cfof]usf] tkm{af6 k|lt/Iff ul/Psf]

clvn qmflGtsf/Lsf g]tf n]vgfy Gof}kfg] lj?4 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] j]kQf

;Dawdf æg]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f @#, **-@_ adf]lhd k/dfb]z jf hf] rflxg]

cf1f cfb]z jf k"lh{ hf/L ul/ kfFpÆ eGg] ljifosf] l/6 lgj]bgdf cfof]usf tkm{af6 lnlvt hjfkm

k]z tyf ax;–k}/aL ul/Psf] lyof] . /fh]z kl08t lj?4 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u ;d]t ePsf]

æsd{rf/L kbk"lt{ ;DaGwLÆ l/6 lgj]bg pk/ cfof]usf tkm{af6 ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k|lt/Iff ul/Psf]

lyof] . To;} u/L jf;'b]j kf}8]n lj?4 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] pTk|]if0f ld>Lt

k/dfb]z nufot cGo pko'Qm cf1f cfb]z jf k"hL{ hf/L u/L kfFp eGg] ljifosf] sd{rf/L kbk"lt{

;DalGw csf{] l/6 lgj]bg pk/ cfof]usf tkm{af6 ax;–k}/jL ul/Psf] lyof] . hglxt ;+/If0f d~r -

k|f]klAns_ sf clwjQmf /df kGt ;d]tsf] lj?4 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u ;d]t ePsf] æg]kfn

clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& sf] wf/f **-!_ cGtu{t aflemPsf] sfg"g cdfGo 3f]lift u/L dlxnf

lj?4df lx+zfsf] k|d'v sf/0fsf] ?kdf /x]sf] bfO{hf] k|yfnfO{{ pGd"ng ug{sf nflu cfjZos

pkfox?sf] cjnDag ug'{ egL wf/f **-@_ cGtu{t k/dfb]z Pj+ cfjZos hf] rflxg] cf1f cfb]z

hf/L ul/kfFpÆ eGg] ljifosf] l/6 lgj]bg pk/ cfof]usf tkm{af6 lnlvt hjfkm k]z tyf ax;–k}/aL

ug{] sfo{ eof] eg] clwjQmf df]tLnfn >]i7n] cfof]un] u}/ sfg"gL y'gfdf /x]sf blw/fd kf}8]n


32

;d]tsf aGbLx?sf] cj:yf cg'udg gu/]sf] eGg] cf/f]k nufO{ o; cfof]u ;d]tnfO{{ ljkIfL agfO{

;jf]{Rr cbfntdf bfo/ ug'{ ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg ;DaGwdf ;d]t ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lnlvt hjfkm

k]z u/L cfof]un] tt\ ;DjGwdf lgjf{x u/]sf] e"ldsfsf] ljifodf cbfnt ;dIf cjut u/fpg] sfo{

ul/Psf] lyof] .

@ ljlw ljifo dxfzfvfaf6 sfg"gsf] k'g/fjnf]sgsf] l;nl;ndf ljleGg cGt/lqmof÷tflnd

sfo{qmdx?

cfof]un] ljutsf jif{x?df em} o; jif{ klg ljleGg sfg"gL Pj+ gLltut ljifox?df ;DjlGwt

;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu cfjZostfg';f/ 5nkmn÷cGt/lqmof tyf tflnd sfo{qmd ;+rfng u/]sf] lyof] .

o;}qmddf cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yfkg ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt @)^@ pk/ ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ul/Psf]

5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd / dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL d'2f bfo/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfof]hgf

ul/Psf] b'O{{ lbg] sfo{zfnf÷tflnd k|d'v ?kdf /x]sf 5g\ .

dfgj clwsf/ ;DalGw d'2f bfo/ ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfof]lht sfo{zfnfsf] emns

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] P]g lgdf{0f ug{ ag]sf] ;ldltn] k|:tfj u/]sf]

P]gsf] d:of}bf pk/ 5nkmn


33

@=$ r]lna]6L a]rljvg tyf cf];f/ k|;f/ lj?4 ePsf sfo{x?

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u cGt{ut /x]sf] dlxnf / aflnsfsf] a]rlavg;DaGwL /fli6«o ;dflwIfssf]

sfof{noaf6 ePsf s]xL k|d'v sfo{x?nfO{{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

!=/fli6«o k|ltj]bg @)^@ ;fj{hlgs

dfgj a]rljvg –ljz]if u/L dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf

_ ;DjGwL ;d:ofx?nfO{{ k|ltj]bg k|0ffnLsf] ?kdf

ljsl;t ug]{ nIo cg'?k /fli6«o k|ltj]bg @)^@

k|sfzg ug]{ ;Gbe{df /fli6«o / If]qLo :t/df ;Da4

;/sf/L lgsfox? , a]rljvg lj?4 sfo{ ug]{

u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf, dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt

;+3;+:yf kqsf/x?;Fu /fli6«o, If]qLo :t/sf]

sfo{zfnf uf]i7L, cGt/ls|of 5nkmn u/L k|fKt

;"rgf, /fo ;'emfjx? ;+sng u/L k|ltj]bg tof/

u/]sf] lyof] . pQm k|ltj]bg @& ef› @)^# df

;DdfggLo ;efd'v ;'jf; g]DjfËHo"af6

ladf]rg ul/Psf] lyof] . ;ft kl/R5]b /x]sf] pQm k|ltj]bgdf r]nLa]6L a]rljvg l:ylt, o;sf]

/f]syfdsf] nflu ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L If]qaf6 ckgfOPsf gLlt, sfo{gLlt / sfo{s|dx?, sfg"gL

k|of;x? af/] k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L o; If]qdf b]lvPsf r'gf}tLx? / ckgfOg' kg]{ cfufdL

dfu{lrqx?sf] af/]df klg 5nkmn ul/Psf] 5

@=cg'udg ;"rs ;DjGwdf

r]nLa]6L tyf afnaflnsf a]rljvg sfo{x?nfO{{ lgoGq0f / lgd'{n ug]{ sfo{x?sf] k|efjsf/L cg'udg

u/L pSt sfo{x?nfO{{ sfo{Gjog tkm{ pGd'v u/fpg 6]jf k'¥ofg] p2]Zon] d'Nof+sg / cg'udg ug{sf]

nflu o; sfof{non] cg'udg ;"rssf] d:of}bf tof/ ul/;s]sf] 5 . pSt cg'udg ;"rs tof/ ug]{

s|ddf cg'udg If]qsf k/fdz{bftf, ;Da4 ;/sf/L lgsfo, ;Da4 u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfsf of]hgf,

d"Nof+sg tyf cg'udg If]qsf lj1x?;Fu ljleGg r/0fdf 5nkmn, cGt/ls|of, uf]i7Lx? u/L k|fKt /fo

;'emfjx?sf] cfwf/df tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

#=a]Zofa[ltsf nflu dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf a]rljvg lgoGq0f / /f]syfd ;DjGWfL ;fs{ dxf;GwL ;g\

@))@ sf] sfof{Gjog

blIf0f PlzofnL ;xof]u ;+u7g ;fs{ /fi6«x?;Fu ;dGjo

sfod u/L a]Zofa[ltsf nflu dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf

a]rljvg lgoGq0f / /f]syfd ;DjGWfL ;fs{ dxf;GwL ;g\

@))@ sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ laifodf ;Da4 kIf /fi6«x?sf]

/fhb't tx / ;Da4 dGqfnosf gLltut txdf /x]sf

;lrjx? / cfof]u ;d]t ;xefuL u/fO{ pSt ;lGw

dfgj a]rljvg ;DaGwL /fli6«o k|ltj]bg @)^@ ljdf]rg ub}{ ;efd'v ;'jf; g]Djfª

;fs{ dxf;GwL @))@ sfo{Gjog laifos

5nkmndf ;xefuLx?


34

sfo{Gjog laifos sfo{zfnf uf]i7L @# ef› @)^# df ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

uf]i7Laf6 cfPsf ;'emfjx?nfO{{ / k|ltj4tfx?n] ;fs{ dxf;lGw sfo{fGjogdf hf]8 lbg] k|d'v p2]Zo

/x]sf] lyof] . pSt cj;/df ;Da4 dGqfnosf ;lrjx? ;fs{ /fhb'tfjf;sf k|yd ;lrjx?sf] pkl:ylt

/x]sf] lyof] .

$=hgr]tgfd'ns ;Gb]z lgdf{0f

o; sfof{noaf6 r]nLa]6L a]rljvg÷cf];f/k;f/ /f]syfd tyf lgogq0fsf] laifodf nlIft ju{ tyf

;d'bfodf hgr]tgf hufpg] p2]Zoaf6 ;f] ;DaGwL hgr]tgfd'ns 6]nL ;Gb]z (Publix Service Announcement _ ;f] ;Gb]z ! ldg6sf] /x]sf] 5 . ;f] 6]nL ;Gb]z g]kfn 6]lnlehg / Pkm=Pd=

/]l8of]af6 ! dlxgf;Dd k|;f/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .

%=dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f law]os @)^# dfly ;'emfj

pk/f]St ;DaGwdf xfn} Aoa:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ul/Psf] æ dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/

lgoGq0f ug]{ ;DjGwdf jg]sf] ljw]os @)^# Æ dfly ;/f]sf/jfnfx? -ljwfosx? ,;/sf/L lgsfo,

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, cGt{/fli6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / k|Effljt AolStx?_ ;Fu dfgj clwsf/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6

5nkmn u/L k|fKt ;Nnfx tyf ;'emfj ;d]t ;+nUg u/fO{ Aoa:yflksf ;+;bsf] dfgj clwsf/ tyf

;dflhs Gofo ;ldltdf ljw]os dflysf] ;'emfj k]z ul/Psf] lyof] .

^=;~rf/ cg'udg

o; sfof{nosf] cfly{s jif{ @)^#÷@)^$ sf] jflif{s sfo{of]hgf cGt{ut o; sfof{noaf6 dfgj

a]rljvgsf ;d:ofx?sf] -laz]if u/L dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf_ laifodf cfd ;~rf/df k|sflzt

;dfrf/sf] cg'udg ug]{ d'Vo sfo{s|d cg';f/ ;+slnt ;dfrf/x?sf] laifodf ;~rf/ If]qx?sf]

k|efjsf/L e"ldsfsf] laifodf cGt/ls|of sfo{s|d ;d]t u/L ;dfrf/ cg'udg k|ltj]bg tof/L ug]{

qmddf /x]sf] 5 .

dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lgoGq0f ug]{ ;DaGwdf k|:tfljt

ljw]os @)^# dfly 5nkmn sfo{s|d


35

& u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] j:t'ut ljj/0f ;DaGwdf o; sfof{nosf] cfly{s jif{ @)^#÷@)^$ sf] jflif{s sfo{of]hgf cGt{ut o; sfof{noaf6 dfgj

a]rljvg lj?4 - ljz]if u/L dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf _ sfo{/t /fli6«o cGt/fli6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3

;F:yfx?sf] sfo{ ljj/0f ;lxtsf] ;+lIfKt ljj/0ffTds ;"rL ;+sng u/L ;+:yfut ljj/0f tof/ ul/Psf]

5 .


36

kl/R5]b b''O{ k|zf;lgs tyf kl/of]hgf;DaGwL lqmofsnfkx¿

@=! k|zf;lgs sfo{

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] ;f+u7lgs ;+/rgf cg';f/ cfof]usf] k|zf;g cfof]usf cWoIfsf]

dftxtdf /xL b}lgs k|zf;lgs sfo{ ;Dkfbg x'g] ub{5 . t/ @)^# c;f/df cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?n]

/flhgfdf lbPkl5 cfof]u kbflwsf/Lljlxg x'g k'u]sfn] kbflwsf/Lsf] txaf6 x'gkg]{ s'g} klg k|zf;lgs

sfdsfjf{xL / lg0f{o cfof]uaf6 x'g ;s]gg\ . tyflk cfof]un] ug'{kg]{ clt cfjZosLo k|zf;lgs sfd

sf/afxLx? cfof]usf] l/Qmtfdf klg cfof]usf ;lrjsf] cWoIftfdf ul7t Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] u/]sf]

lyof] .

dfly pNn]v u/] cg'?k Joj:yfkg ;ldltn] u/]sf s]xL lg0f{ox?sf] ;f/ ;+If]k o; k|sf/ /x]sf] 5 .

cfof]un] ;'ljwfljxLg tyf ;LdfGtLs[t ju{sf nflu OG6g{zLk u/fpg] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fO{ OG6g{zLk

5gf}6 ;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] / pQm ;ldltn] OG6g{zLk k|bfg ug{ 5gf}6 k|lqmof to u/L 5gf}6 ePsf

cf7 hgfnfO{{ OG6g{ k|bfg ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof] . ljleGg kl/of]hgf / cfof]usf] b/jGbLdf sfo{/t

s/f/sf sd{Rff/Lx?sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"Nof°gsf cfwf/df cfjZoQmfsf] l;4fGt cg';/0f ub}{ s/f/

gljs/0f ug]{ lg0f{o ug'{sf] ;fy} ljleGg kl/of]hgfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{{ !) k|ltzt dx+uL eQf

pknJw u/fpg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} cfof]usf] b/jGbLdf s/f/df sfo{/t sd{Rff/Lx?sf]

;~rosf]ifdf /sd hDdf ul/lbg] lg0f{o ;d]t u/]sf] lyof] . To;}u/L cfof]usf] cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg

sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbgsf] nflu cfof]udf k/]sf ljleGg k'/fgf ph'/Lx?sf] cg';Gwfg ug{ cof]udf

sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?nfO{{ kl/rfng ug]{ lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof] . cfof]un] cfkm\gf] ;f+u7flgs ;+/rgfdf

cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw 8]:ssf] :yfkgf ug]{ eGg] Joj:Yff u/]sf] x'Fbf cGt/f{li6«o ;DjGw lj:tf/ /

sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ ljleGg jfx\o tflndsf cj;/x?sf] vf]hLsf] nflu cfof]usf

clws[tnfO{ ;Dks{ JolQm tf]Sg] lg0f{o ul/Psf] lyof] .

cfof]usf :jfledfgL sd{rf/Lx?sf] gfddf k|sfz sf]O/fnf eGg] gfd u/]sf] JolQmsf] gfddf vf]lnPsf]

Od]n 7]ufgfaf6 ldlt @)^# d+l;/ !% ut] z'qmjf/ cfof]usf sd{Rf/Lx?nfO{{ k|fKt ePsf] Od]nsf

;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug{sf nflu cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ldlt @)^#.*.!* ut] j;]sf] j}7sn] Od]n n]Vg]

JolQm jf ;d"xsf ;fy} pQm Od]ndf pNn]lvt cfjZos ePsfn] 5fgljg ;ldlt u7g ug'{kg]{ egL gfd

;d]t k|:tfj u/]sf] / ;f] k|:tfljt ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] sfo{ ljj/0f, sfo{ljlw / cfrf/ ;+lxtf ;d]t tof/

u/L æ/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf af/]df hfgsf/L zLif{ssf] Od]n 5fgljg ;ldlt, @)^#Æ sf] u7g,

sfo{ljj/0f, sfo{ljlw / cfrf/ ;+lxtfnfO{{ :jLs[t u/L hf/L ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm ;ldltn] cfˆgf]

k|ltj]bg ;lrj ;dIf k]z ul/;s]sf] 5 .

ljleGg k|zf;lgs clgoldttfsf ;DaGwdf p7]sf k|Zgx?sf af/]df ls6fgL ;fy p7]sf ljleGg

ljifox?df 5fgljg ug{ ;ldlt u7g ug{] lg0f{o ug'{sf] ;fy} e|i6frf/ / cg'lrt sfo{sf] 5fgljg u/L

cfjZos sf/afxL u/L kfpF egL cfof]usf lgldQ ;lrj pk/ ldlt @)^$.!.@% df k/]sf] ph'/Lsf

;DaGwdf k|df0f ;'/lIft /fVg tLg ;b:oLo ;ldt u7g ePsf] / clVtof/ b'?kof]u cg';Gwfg


37

cfof]uaf6 ;d]t ;f]xL ljifodf cg';Gwfgsf nflu 6f]nL vl6O{ cfPsf]df pQm 6f]nLnfO{{ /fli6«o dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]u :jtGq / :jfoQ lgsfo ePsf], o; cl3 cfof]usf lj?4df clVtof/df k/]sf] ph'/Lsf]

5fgljg / clGtd 6'+uf] nufpgsf] nflu /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf g} k7fOg] u/]sf], xfn /fli6«o

dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u kbflwsf/Lljlxg /x]sf] ph'/L;Fu ;DalGwt sfuhkqx? o; cfof]usf] Joj:yfkg

;ldtsf] lg0f{o jdf]lhd ;'/lIft /fVg] lg0f{o ePsf] lyof] . ;f]xL Joxf]/fsf] kq clVtof/ b'?kof]u

cg';Gwfg cfof]usf] 6f]nLnfO{{ k7fOPsf]] lyof] .

k]l/; l;4fGt adf]lhd cfof]usf kbfwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQmsf nflu sd{rf/Lx?af6 ljleGg /fhg}lts bn,

;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf ;b:ox? Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf] dfgj clwsf/ tyf ;dflhs ;ldlt / dfgj

clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?;Fu e]63f6 u/L kxn ePsf]df cfof]u

kbflwsf/LljxLg ePaf6 dfgj clwsf/sf] r'gf}tLk"0f{ cj:yfdf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf

;d:of pTkGg ePsf]n] cljnDj kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm ug{sf] nflu ;DjlGwt kIf;Fu cg'/f]w ug]{

lg0f{o ul/Psf] .

sd{rf/L ;DaGwL Joj:yf

cfof]udf sfo{/t s]xL sd{Rff/Lx?n] cfkm" sfo{/t kbaf6 /fhLgfdf k]z u/]sf]df cfof]udf kbflwsf/L

gePsf sf/0f pQm /fhLgfdf pk/ s'g} sf/afxL x'g ;s]gg\ eg] cfof]usf] l/Qmtfsf sf/0f kbk"lt{

;ldltsf] u7g x'g g;s]sfn] l/Qm kbdf sd{rf/L lgo'lQm klg ug{ ;lsPg . tyfkL cfof]unfO{{

cTofjZos kg]{ ;]jf k|bfg ug{sf nflu ;]jf s/f/df @ hgf JolQmx? ;]jf s/f/df lnO{ sfddf

nufOof] . k|fljlws sf/0fa; cfof]usf lgldQ ;lrj w|'j g]kfnsf] s/f/ gjLs/0f x'g ;s]g . cfof]udf

l;dfGtLs[t ju{sf] nflu OG6g{zLk ug{ gLlt to eP cg'?k OG6g{zLksf nflu cfjZos k|lqmof

cjnDjg u/L $ hgf OG6g{x?nfO{{ OG6g{zLk k|bfg ul/of] . cfof]udf kbflwsf/L gePsf sf/0f o;

cfly{s jif{df s'g} klg sd{Rff/Lsf] ;?jf tyf a9'jf x'g ;s]g . t/ clt cfjZosLo 7fpF x]/L s]xL

clws[t tyf ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/Lx?nfO{{ cfof]usf] ;Dks{ sfof{no tyf s]lGb|o sfof{nodf sfh

v6fOof] . k|ltj]bg cjlwsf] clGtddf cfof]udf ;a} kbx?df u/L !!& hgf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf

lyP . o;} adf]lhd cfof]usf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] ljleGg dxfzfvf zfvfdf sfo{/t s]xL sd{Rff/LnfO{{

cfGt/Ls ?kdf cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo dxfzfvf tyf zfvfx?df tf]Sg] sfd eof] .

@=@ ;'/Iff ;DaGwL sfo{x? M

o; cjlwdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo tyf ;Dks{ sfof{nox? Tfyf kbflwsf/L /

sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;d]t ;'/Iffsf nflu ut aif{ em}F ef}lts, j}olTfms Pjd\ sfof{no ;'/Ifftkm{ kxn u/L

;'/Iff Joj:yfdf ;fjwfgL ckgfpg ;'/Iff ;NNffxsf/ pklgb]{zs / ;'/Iff uf8{x?sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf]

lyof] .

:t/Lo ;'/Iff gLlt cg'?k cfof]udf e/kbf]{ ;'/Iff Joj:yfsf nflu :t/Lo ;"rgf tyf ldnfksf

;fwgx?sf] Joj:yftkm{ hf]8 ul/Psf] lyof] . cfufdL lbgx?df ef}lts ;'/Iff tkm{, df]ljln6L tkm{ Pjd\

;'/Iffsf] /0fgLlts ljsf; tkm{ ;d]t hfu?s eP/ ;'/Iff nfO{{ cem a9L c;/bf/ agfpg k|of; hf/L


38

/fVg] of]hgf tkm{ cufl8 a9fP/ nlug] 5 . sd{rf/Lx?nfO{{ s|dz ;bf em}F ;'/Iff ;DaGwL ;r]tgf tflnd

klg lbOb}F nlug] 5 .

cfof]usf] ;j} sfof{nox?df @$ ;} 306f ;'/Iff uf8{x? dfkm{t ;'/Iff ul/b} cfOPsf] cj:yf 5 . ;'/Iff

:yfO sfo{ cfb]z k'g/fjnf]sg, vj/ d'Nof+sg, x'g ;Sg] y|]6 d'Nof+sg, sdhf]/L klxrfg h:tf ljifodf

Wofg lbP/ kl/l:ylt cg';f/sf] ;r]tgf ;DaGwL ;/;Nnfx ;a}nfO{{ Kf|bfg u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 .

@=# ;"rgf k|ljlw ;DaGwL M

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] kx'Fr ljsf; ug{ ;"rgf k|ljlw ;DaGwL 5'6[} ;"rgf

k|ljlw OsfO{sf] :yfkgf ePkl5 ;"rgf k|ljlwdf a[xt ljsf; ePsf] 5 . o;sf nflu rflxg] ljleGg yk

pks/0fx¿ / To; pks/0fx¿nfO{{ Jojl:yt / k"0f{ ;'/Iff lbgsf] nflu ;/e/, ;/e/ ¥ofs tyf !%

306f;Dd rNg] % s]=eL=sf] o"=lk=P;= cfof]usf] Ifdtf ljsf; kl/of]hgfn] pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . o;af6

;/b/ @$ 306f g} rNg] / o;n] ubf{ s'g} cK7\of/f] l;h{gf gx'g] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;af6 ljleGg If]qLo

sfof{nox¿n] klg @$ 306f g} Od]n tyf cGo ;"rgf ;DjGwL ;fdu|Lx¿ k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5g .

cfof]usf] sfddf l56f] Pjd\ 5l/tf] sfo{ ug{ a|fG8]8 sDKo"6/ ;+rfng ug{sf] nflu ljleGg ;ˆ6j]o/x¿

k|of]u eO{ /fv]sf 5g . To;}u/L cfof]usf] k|zf;lgs sfd 5l/tf] / ;xh jgfpg oxL jif{b]lv PIS-Personal Attendence Management system vl/b u/L o;sf] sfo{ ;'? e};s]sf] 5 .

Ifdtf ljsfz kl/of]hgfsf] ;xof]udf Database Portal h8fg ul/Psf] / ;"rgf cfbfg k|bfg ug{sf]

nflu sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{{ Database Portal ;ˆ6j]o/sf] tflnd k|bfg ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]usf] csf]{

;ˆ6j]o/df cfof]udf kg]{ cfly{ssf/f]jf/ Jojl:yt ug]{ pb]Zon] agfOPsf] P]g @))) xf] . of] ;ˆ6j]o/

cfof]usf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k|zf;g dxfzfvfdf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{{ tflnd lbO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf

;+rfng ePsf] / If]qLo sfof{nox¿df klg tflnd lbO pQm ;ˆ6j]o/ ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] 5 .

cfof]usf dfggLo cWoIf / dfggLo ;b:ox?nfO{{ cfjZos ljleGg ;"rgf k|ljlw ;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx¿

h:t} sDKo"6/, o"=lk=P;= lk|G6 tyf g]6js{ ;DjGwL nfUg] ljleGg pks/0fx¿ cfof]usf] Ifdtf ljsf;

kl/of]hgf af6 vl/b u/L ;Dk"0f{ pks/0fx¿ h8fg ul/;lsPsf] 5 . h8fg nut} sfd klg ;"rf? tyf

l56f] 5/Ltf]df ;DkGg x'b} cfPsf] 5 . OG6/g]6 tyf Od]n h8fg ug]{ sfo{ ;d]t ;DkGg ul/Psf] 5 .

;"rgf k|ljlwnfO{{ gofF k|0ffnL cg'?k ljsf; ug]{ ;DjGwdf klg sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . o;df If]qLo sfof{no

lj/fgu/df / wgu9Ldf Firewall/ Fortinet reconfiguration / setup ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]usf] jflif{s

jh]6af6 Naytapol Domain sf] s/f/ % jif{sf] nflu gljs/0f ug]{ tkm{ kxn eO/x]sf] 5 . cfof]udf

ePsf ljleGg ;ˆ6j]o/x¿ 8f6f OG6«L ubf{ To;sf] data x¿nfO{{ Centralized ug{sf] nflu w]/} ;lhnf] /

;'/Iff x'g] 5 eGg] ck]Iff lnPsf] 5 . To;}u/L cfof]uaf6 k|sflzt ljleGg k|sfzgx?sf] l8hfOg /

n]cfp6 ug]{ sfo{ lg/Gt/ o; OsfOaf6 x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L cfjZoStfcg';f/ sDKo'6/, lk|G6/

nufot ;fdfu|Lsf] h8fg, dd{t ;Def/ nufot To;sf] lg/Gt/tfsf] nflu sfo{ ePsf] 5 .


39

@=$ cfly{s k|zf;g

/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]un] k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhd cfkm\gf] cfoJoosf] n]vf / cGo cfjZos clen]v

/fVg'kg]{ x'G5 . /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf !% df cfof]usf] cfly{s Joj:yfkg

;DaGwL] pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]unfO{{{ sfo{;Dkfbgsf] lznlznfdf cfjZos kg]{ >f]t / ;fwg ljleGg

lgsfoaf6 cg'bfgsf ¿kdf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 eGg] Joj:yf 5 . cfof]udf cfjZos lgod, sfo{ljlw

Pjd\ lgb]{lzsfsf] cefjdf j}b]lzs ;xfotfaf6 k|fKt /sd vr{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf cGof}n pTkGg ePsf] 5 .

cfof]unfO{{{ k|fKt j}b]lzs ;xfotf vr{ ug]{ ;DaGwdf cfof]uaf6 agfOPsf] cfly{s Joj:yfkg lgodfjnL,

@)^) nfO{{{ dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] ljefuaf6 n]vfk/LIf0fsf l;nl;nfdf …/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]u P]g,

@)%# sf] bkmf @# df P]gsf] p2]Zo k"/f ug{ cfof]un] lgodx¿ agfpg ;Sg] / To:tf] lgod agfpFbf

cfof]un] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k/fdz{ lng ;Sg]5 eGg] Joj:yf ePsf]df cfly{s Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL

lgodfjnL gagfPsf] cj:yfdf cfly{s k|zf;g ;DaGwL lgodfjnL, @)%^ cg';f/ ug'{kg{]Ú eGg] pNn]v

ePaf6 cfof]un] cfly{s Joj:yfkg lgodfjnL, @)^) agfpFbf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k/fdz{ glnPsf]n]

dfGotf lbPsf] b]lvFb}g . cfof]usf] cfˆg} cfly{s lgodfjnL gx'gfn] ljleGg cfly{s k|zf;g;DaGwL

sl7gfOsf] ;fdgf ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . Toltdfq xf]Og ljQLo :jfoQtfsf] ciki6tf, cfof]usf nflu

cfjZos kg{] P]g lgodsf] ckof{Kttf h:tf s'/fn] cfly{s sf/f]af/df c:ki6tf cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;}

kl/k|]IonfO{{{ dWogh/ /fVb} xfn cfof]un] cfly{s Joj:yfkg lgofdjnLsf] d:of}bf tof/ kf/]sf] 5 .

nfdf] ;do;Dd cfof]udf kbflwsf/L gePsf]n] To;nfO{ clGtd ?k lbg] sfo{ eg] ePsf] 5}g . cfof]usf]

cfly{s k|zf;g zfvfdf sfd ug{] hgzlQmsf] cefj / cfjZos tflndsf] cefjdf k|efjsf/L ?kdf

sfo{;Dkfg ug{ sl7gfO ePsf] 5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt ah]6nfO{{{ cfof]usf] s]lGb|o sfof{no, If]qLo sfof{nox¿ / lhNnf ;Dks{

sfof{nox?df afF8kmfF8 u/L ;DalGwt sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGqs sfof{noaf6 dfl;s sf]ifk"lt{

lgsf;fdfkm{t vr{ ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cfof]unfO{{ cfly{s jif{ )^#÷)^$ sf]

nflu ?= @,)$,##,))).— -b'O{ s/f]8 rf/nfv t]lQ; xhf/ ?k}of dfq _ Psd'i6 ljlgof]hg ePsf]

lyof] . h;dWo] s'n !,#@,)@,@*$.#* ?k}of vr{ ePsf] lyof] . h;sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL * df lbOPsf]

5 . To;}u/L ljleGg bft[ lgsfoaf6 cfof]unfO{ ?= #,%*,*%*)@.*! cfly{s cg'bfg k|fKt ePsf]df

@,&!,(#,))!.@# ?k}of vr{ ePsf] lyof] . k|fKt cfDbfgL / vr{sf] ljj/0f cg';"rL ( df ;dfj]z

ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]unfO{{ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt jh]6sf] cj:yfnfO{{ x]bf{ k|To]s jif{sf] jh]6 t'ngfTds

?kdf al9/x]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/af6 k|fKt cg'bfg Pjd ljleGg bft[ lgsfoaf6 k|fKt ePsf]

;xfotf 5'§f5'§} vftf vf]nL cfly{s k|zf;g zfvfåf/f cfly{s sf/f]af/ eO/x]sf] 5 . dfgjclwsf/

cfof]u P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf !% adf]lhd cfof]usf] clGtd n]vfk/LIf0f dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] ljefuaf6

x'g]5 elgPsf]n] ;f]xLcg';f/ eO/x]sf] 5 . cfof]u :yfkgf sfnb]lvsf] km5\of{}6 x'g afFsL /x]sf] s'n

dxfn]vf k/LIf0f j]?h' ?=!@@,@^),)#!.%@ -Ps s/f]8 jfO; nfv 5lAj; xhf/ Pslt; ?k}of jfpGg

k};f /x]sf]df o; cfly{s jif{df ?=!),!%%,@$(.@% -Ps s/f]8, Psnfv krkGg xhf/ b'O{;o

pgGkrf; ?k}of klRr; k};f dfq_ km5\of{}6 ePsf] 5 . h;nfO{ k|ltztsf] cfwf/df x]bf{ *@=*#Ü


40

k|ltzt km5\of{}6 ePsf] b]lvG5 . a]?h' km5\of{}6 d"Nofs+g / cg'udg ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] nIo eGbf a9L

a]?h' km5\of{}6 u/]sf]df pQm sfo{df ;+nUg sd{rf/Lx?nfO{{ gub k'/:sf/ / wGojfb lbgsf] nflu

l;kmfl/; ;d]t u/]sf] 5 . a]?h', a]?h' km5\of{}6 jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f cg';"rL !) df ;+nUg ul/Psf]

5 . To;}u/L cfof]udf /fh:j / w/f}6Lsf] vftf ;d]t /x]sf] x'Fbf /fh:j / w/f}6Lsf] jflif{s cfly{s

ljj/0f cg';"rL !! df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

@=% cfof]u cGtu{tsf kl/of]hgfx?

@=%=! /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u Ifdtf ljsf; kl/of]hgf

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{{ cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ug{sf] nflu cfPsf] /fli6«o dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]u Ifdtf ljsf; kl/of]hgfsf] kfFrf} jif{ Joltt x'g nfu]sf] 5 . cfufld l8;]Da/ dlxgfdf

o; kl/of]hgfsf] cjlw ;lsg nfu]sf] 5 . Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmdn] cfof]usf] /0fg}lts tyf sfo{qmd

of]hgf @))$ — @))* sf] ljsf;df klg ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . r':t sDKo"6/ ;+hfn k|0ffnL

- computerized network system ) sf ;fy} kf/bzL{ tyf Ps?kLo cfly{s lgodx¿sf] ljsf; ug]{

;jfndf ;d]t o; Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmdn] cfof]unfO{{ 6]jf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . cfof]usf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf]

nflu o; kl/of]hgfn] cfly{s jif{ @)^#÷^$ df u/]sf sfo{x?nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

ph"/Lx¿ k|fKt ug]{ tyf b]zdf ljBdfg dfgj clwsf/ l:yltsf] cg'udg ug]{ ;jfndf Ifdtf clea[l4

ug{ klg o; Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmdn] cfof]unfO{{ ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/;+DaGwL

cg';Gwfg tyf cg'udg, ljleGg ph'/Lx¿sf] cg'udg ug]{ ;jfndf lg/Gt/tf lbg], ph'/L bfo/ ug]{

tyf k|lzIf0f lbg] h:tf If]qdf /fli6«o tyf cGt{/fli6«o k|fljlws ljz]if1x¿sf] ;xof]u dfkm{t

cfof]unfO{{ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug]{ h:tf] cfkmgf] d"n sfo{ cem k|efjsf/L tyf s'zntfk"j{s

;Dkfbg ug{ ;Ifd agfPsf] 5 . ph'/L k|fKt ug]{ sfo{nfO{{ cem Jojl:yt ug{sf] nflu ljleGg lgb]{lzsf,

lgod tyf lgodfjnLsf] ljsf; ug{ klg o; Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmdn] ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

;fdflhs e]befj, af]S;L k|rng dlxnf lj?4sf 3/fo;L lx+;f h:tf ph'/Lx¿sf] ljifodf >Job[Zo

;+rf/sf] dfWoodaf6 dfgj clwsf/ lzIff k|;f/ ug{ tyf ;fdflhs lje]b tyf dfgj a]rljvg h:tf

cToGt} hl6n d'2fx?nfO{{ 5fkfx?sf]] k|of]uaf6 /fli6«o :t/df r]tgf hufpg o; Ifdtf ljsf;

sfo{qmdn] cfof]unfO{{ ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

o; sfo{qmdn] cfof]usf] cf}krfl/s j]a;fO6 agfpg] sfo{sf ;fy} ljB''tLo ;+rf/af6 lgoldt ?kdf

k|;f/0f ul//x]sf] dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL hfgsf/Lsf] cfbfg k|bfgdf klg ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o;sf

;fy} cfof]usf] aflif{s k|ltj]bgnfO{{ c+u|]hL, d}ynL tyf g]kfnL efiffdf k|sflzt ug]{ sfo{df klg o;

sfo{qmdn] ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . xfn}, o; Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmdn] cfof]unfO{{ a[xt zflGt ;Demf}tfnfO{{

u'?ª, d}ynL, g]jf/L tyf tfdfª efiffdf k|sflzt ug{ klg ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . a[xt zflGt

;Demf}tfn] cfof]unfO{{ lbPsf] lhDd]jf/L adf]lhd zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog l:yltsf] af/]df k|lta]bg

k|sflzt ug]{ sfo{df klg lg/Gt/ ?kdf ;xof]u k|bfg ul//x]sf] 5 .


41

kl/jlt{t kl/l:ylt tyf cfof]udf cfdhgtfsf] kx'“rnfO{{ ;xh ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{{ dWogh/ ub}{ o;

Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmdn] cfof]u / dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs jLr r':t ;DaGw / ;+hfn lgdf{0fsf nflu

pgLx¿sf] z;lQms/0f ug{ u/fpg ;xfof]u k'¥ofpb} cfPsf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t

ljleGg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx¿;Fu ljleGg a}7sx? cfof]hgf ul/ cfof]usf] tL ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;d'w'/

;DaGw lgdf{0fsf nflu ;d]t o; kl/of]hgfn] ;xof]u k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm,;+ljwfg

lgdf{0fsf] ;du| sfo{df dfgj clwsf/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 cjn]fsg ug]{ tyf ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfdf

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+j4{g tyf ;+/If0fsf] ;'lglZrt ug{sf] nflu /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] ;+ljwfg

;ef tyf dfgj clwsf/ ;+aGwL ljleGg sfof{zfnfuf]i7Lx? o; Ifdtf ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf

;DkGg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

@=%=@ afn clwsf/ OsfO, /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u kl/of]hgf

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf afn arfp gj]{sf] cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]udf afn clwsf/ 8]:s,

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u kl/of]hgf ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . h;sf] p2]Zox?df afn clwsf/sf]

cj:yfsf] cg'udg÷cg';Gwfg ug]{, afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfo{/t /fli6«o tyf cGt{/fli6«o ;+3;+:yf

nufot ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ;dGjo tyf ;xsfo{ ug]{, afn clwsf/ ;DjGwL hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{

a|f];/, kf]i6/, l:6Ls/, j8fkq nufotsf ;Da4{gfTds ;fdfu|Lx? k|sfzg tyf ljt/0f ug]{ h:tf /x]sf

5g\ .

pNn]lvt p2]Zox?sf] k|flKtsf] nflu 8]isaf6 ljleGg sfo{x? x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . afnaflnsf zflGtIf]q

cleofgnfO{{ ;kmn kfg{ ;z:q åGå;Fu ;DjlGwt l:6s/ k|sfzg u/L åGån] k|efljt @% lhNnfx?df

nlIft ju{nfO{{ ljt/0f ul/Psf], ;z:q åGådf afn clwsf/ ljifos :6Ls/ k|sfzg u/L ljt/0f ul/Psf]

lyof] . h;af6 afn clwsf/sf] k|rf/ k|;f/ eO lbuf] r]tgf hufpg yk 6]jf k'u]sf] 5 . afn ;xeflutf

j[l4 u/fpg] p2]Zon] afn clwsf/ ljifos clw/fHoe/L dfWoflds ljBfno-dflj_ :t/Lo sljtf

k|ltof]lutf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . h;n] afn clwsf/ ;DaGwL r]tgf hufpg ;xof]u k'u]sf] lyof] .

cfof]uaf6 ul/Psf] cg'udg / cg';Gwfgsf] s|ddf ;DalGwt lhNnfsf /fhgLlts bn, kqsf/, gful/s

;dfh, ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fu 5nkmn tyf cGt/ls|of h:tf sfo{s|dx? ul/Psf] / ;f] sfo{s|daf6 ;xsfo{

Pj+ ;dGjo lj:tf/df ;xof]u k'u]sf] lyof] . ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d"xaf6 k|fKt ePsf] ;'emfj, ;Nnfx tyf

;xof]un] lg0f{fos e'ldsf v]Ng ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ljleGg ;dodf hf/L ul/Psf] k|]; lj1lKtn] klg

afnclwsf/ ;DaGwL ;r]tgf Pj+ jsfntdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] / åGå/t kIfx?nfO{{ afn clwsf/k|lt

;r]t / hfu?s t'NofO afn clwsf/sf] k"0f{kfngf / ;Ddfg ug{ bjfj >[hgf u/L afn clwsf/sf]

;'lglZrt ug{ ;sf/fTds kxn ePsf] lyof] .

pNn]lvt pknAwLx? xfl;n ePtf klg 8]isaf6 afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gsf] nflu s]xL

r'gf}ltx? klg /x]sf 5g\ . h;df cfof]un] ljleGg 36gfx¿sf] 5fgjLg u/L tof/ ul/Psf] k|ltj]bgsf]

cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{{ u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg', cfGtl/s ¿kdf

lj:yflktx¿sf] ;d:ofx¿nfO{{ /fHon] plrt ¿kdf ;Daf]wg ug{ g;Sg', kof{Kt dfgj ;+;fwg / cfly{s


42

;|f]tsf] cefj /xg' h:tf s]xL r'gf}ltx?sf] cfof]un] ;fdgf ug'{ kl//x]sf] 5 . h;af6 afnclwsf/sf]

;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gdf sl7gfO{ pTkGg ePsf] 5 .

@=%=# b Pl;of kmfp08];g

dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;+a4{g ug]{ cfof]usf] IfdtfnfO{ kx'Fr lj:tf/ sfo{qmd dfkm{t :yfgLo tx;Dd

lj:tf/ u/L lbuf] agfpg] / dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g tyf HofbtLsf ljifodf cfof]udf k/]sf k'/fgf

ph'/Lx?sf] 6'+uf] nufpgsf] nflu cfjZos cfly{s tyf k|fljws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg / dfgj

clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;+a4{gsf] nflu k|efjsf/L sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ pb]Zon] b

Plzof kmfp08];gn] Strengthening the National Human Rights Commission, Nepal kl/of]hgf

dfkm{t cfof]unfO{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx? gePsf] / cfof]u cK7\of/f]

cj:yfdf u'lh|/x]sf] cj:yfdf pknAw u/fOPsf] ;xof]uaf6 cfof]u w]/} nfeflGjt ePsf] lyof] . pQm

sfo{qmdaf6 cfof]udf k/]sf !^^! k'/fgf ph'/Lsf] cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg k'/f ug{ dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u

ePsf] lyof] .

pQm kl/of]hgfsf] ;xof]udf g} cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{nox? g]kfnu~h, kf]v/f / wgu9Ldf dfgj

clwsf/ k|bz{gL ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm sfo{qmddf @) xhf/ eGbf a9L JolQmx?n] k|bz{gL cjnf]sg

u/]sf lyP . h;af6 dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifodf w]/}nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg k|bz{gL ;kmn ePsf] lyof] .

To;}u/L ljleGg txdf uf]i7L, a}7s, tyf tflndx? cfof]hgf u/L dfgj clwsf/ If]qdf sfd ug]{

u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf] ;~hfn lgdf{0f ug{sf] nflu k|f/lDes ;xof]u ;d]t u/]sf] lyof] . o; sfo{qmdsf]

;xof]udf dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt !! j6f jt{dfg sfg"gsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ klg ;xof]u pknAw

u/fPsf] lyof] . o; kl/of]hgfn] cfkm\gf] ck]lIft nIo xfl;n u/]tf klg sfo{qmdsf] cjlw 5f]6f] x'g',

t/fOdf ePsf] cfGbf]ng h:tf s'/fx?n] sfo{qmd ;~rfngdf s]xL l9nfO{ ePsf] lyof] .

@=%=$ Office of the Transitional Initiative cfof]usf] sfo{df k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg cfjZos ef}lts ;fdfu|Lx? pknAw u/fpgsf] nflu / dfgj

clwsf/;Fu ;DaGwL k|a4{gfTds ;fdfu|Lx?sf] ljleGg efiffdf cg'jfb u/L k|sfzg ug{sf] nflu

Office of the Transitional Initiative kl/of]hgfn] ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . h;n] ef}lts

;fdfu|Lx? 6]j'n, s';L{, ˆofS; d]l;g tyf kmf]6f]skL d]l;g pknAw u/fPsf] 5 . To;}u/L dfgj clwsf/

;DaGwL ljleGg ;fdfu|Lx? 5fKg klg ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] .


43

kl/R5]b tLg

/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / ;dGjo /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{g ug]{ lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] ;+j}wflgs

;+:yf ePtf klg cfof]usf] PsNf k|of; / kxnaf6 dfq dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{g x'g

;Sb}g . o;sf] nflu /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox?jLr ;dGjo / ;DaGw x'g' lgtfGt h?/L kb{5 .

o;} cg'?k cfof]unfO{{ ljleGg /fli6«o ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L lgsfo tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox?af6

;xof]u / ;dGjo x'Fb} cfO/x]sf] 5 . cfof]un] klg ljleGg lgsfox?jLr ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ub}{

cfO/x]sf] 5 . cfof]un] /fli6«o :t/df g]kfn ;/sf/ cGt{ut ljleGg dGqfno, dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no,

ljleGg ;/sf/L sfof{nox?, ;'/Iff lgsfox?, ljleGg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf tyf gful/s ;dfh / ljleGg

/fhgLlts bn;Fu lg/Gt/ / lgoldt ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L ljleGg cGt/f{li6«o

lgsfo tyf ;+3 ;+:yfx?;Fu klg ;DaGw / ;dGjo sfod ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o

:t/df ePsf ;dGjo / ;DaGw lj:tf/sf] ljifodf lgDgfg';f/ rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

#=! /fli6«o :t/df ePsf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo

#=!=! g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;'/Iff lgsfo;Fusf] ;DaGw

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/af6 klg cfof]usf] ;DaGwdf ;xof]u /

;dGoo x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfdf sdL Nofpg, dfgj clwsf/

pNn+3gstf{nfO{{ sfg"gL bfo/fdf NofO{ sf/afxL ug{, zflGt ;'/Iff sfod /fVg, gful/ssf] dfgj

clwsf/sf] /Iff u/L dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf; ug{df /fHosf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] ub{5 .

pNn]lvt e"ldsf lgjf{xsf] nflu /fHosf] tkm{af6 kxn eO/x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{{

cfGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n] ;+j}wflgs cfof]usf] x}l;ot k|bfg ug'{sf] ;fy} g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf-

dfcf]jfbL_ jLr lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . h;df dfgj clwsf/sf] cfwf/e"t dfGotfsf] ;Ddfg

/ ;+/If0f ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfOPsf] lyof] . oBlk /fHon] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{{ Ps jif{ ;Dd

l/Qm /fvL cfˆgf] bfloTj k"/f ug{ eg] ;s]sf] kfOPg . g]kfn ;/sf/n] cfof]usf] nflu cfjZos ;|f]t

;fwg pknAw u/fP/, cfof]un] dfu]sf ;"rgfx? pknAw u/fP/, cfof]usf] cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg

sfo{df ;3fP/ dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;sf nflu dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fPsf] 5 eg]

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf l;kmfl/;x?sf] cf+lzs sfof{Gjog dfq ul/Psf], j]kQf gful/sx?sf]

cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ug]{ sfo{df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tTk/tf /x]sf] kfOPg .

;'/Iff lgsfo / cfof]ujLrdf klg ;'dw'/ ;DaGw sfod /x]sf] 5 . a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/sx?sf]

;DaGwdf kof{Kt hfgsf/L glbPtf klg cGo ;"rgfx? pknAw u/fP/, cfof]un] cfof]hgf u/]sf] tflnd

uf]i7L a}7sx?df ;xeflutf hgfP/ cfof]unfO{{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg] sfo{ eO/x]sf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/

;DaGwL ljleGg tflndx?df ;dGoj / ;xsfo{ ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? klg ;'/Iff lgsfoaf6 x'Fb} cfPsf] 5 .

#=!=@ /fhgLts bnx?;Fusf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo

dfgj clwsf/ cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf cfof]unfO{{ cfjZos ;"rgfx? pknAw u/fP/,

cfof]usf] cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofP/ / dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g tyf HofbtLsf


44

ph'/Lx?nfO{{ cfof]u;Dd NofO{ k'¥ofpg kLl8t kIfnfO{{ ;xof]u k'¥ofP/ ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx?n]

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{{ ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L cfof]udf nfdf] ;do;Dd

kbflwsf/Lx? gx/x]sf] cj:yfdf cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx? l56f] eGbfl56f] lgo'lQm ug{sf] nflu g]kfn

;/sf/nfO{{{ bjfj lbg] sfo{ u/]/ klg cfof]unfO{{ ;3fpg] sfo{ ePsf] 5 . ;fy} cfof]un] cfof]hgf u/]sf]

ljleGg sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf hgfO{ dxTjk"0f ;'emfj tyf ;Nnfx k|bfg u/]/ / cfof]usf] cg'udg tyf

cg';Gwfg sfo{df cfjZos hfgsf/L pknAw u/fP/ /fhgLlts bnx?n] cfof]unfO{{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg]

sfo{ ePsf] 5 . To;} u/L cfof]un] klg ljleGg /fhgLlts bnn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] k|bz{gx?sf] cg'udg

u/L dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L /fVg] / k|fKt tYox?sf] cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{{

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg tyf ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu cg'/f]w ug]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5 . o;/L /fhgLlts bn /

cfof]ujLr ;'dw'/ ;DaGw sfod /x]sf] 5 .

#=!=# gful/s ;dfh / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfx?;Fusf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo

dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gsf] nflu gful/s ;dfh tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] e"ldsf

klg dxTjk"0f{ /Xof] . gful/s ;dfh tyf ljleGg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?n] cfof]usf] cg'udg tyf

cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf cfof]unfO{{ cfjZos ;"rgfx? pknAw u/fP/, dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g tyf

HofbtLsf ph'/Lx?nfO{{ cfof]u;Dd NofOk'¥ofpg kLl8t kIfnfO{{ ;xof]u k'¥ofP/, ph'/Lx?sf] l/km/ u/]/,

cfof]un] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ljleGg sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf hgfO{ dxTjk"0f{ ;'emfj tyf ;Nnfx k|bfg u/]/

cfof]unfO{{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ . To;}u/L cfof]udf nfdf] ;do;Dd kbflwsf/Lx? g/x]sf]

cj:yfdf cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx? l56f] eGbf l56f] lgo'lQm ug{sf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{{ bjfj lbg] sfo{

u/]/ klg cfof]unfO{{ ;3fpg] sfo{ ePsf] 5 . ;fy} dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gsf] nflu

ljleGg cg';GwfgfTds sfo{df ;xsfo{ ug]{, tflnd sfo{qmdx?df ;xsfo{ ug]{, ;"rgfx?sf] cfbfg k|bfg

ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? u/L Ps cfk;sf] ;DaGwnfO{{ cem ;'b[9 kfg]{ sfo{ ePsf] 5 . To;} u/L cfof]un] klg

gful/s ;dfh / ljleGg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] k|bz{gx?sf] cg'udg u/L dfgj

clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L /fVg] / k|fKt tYox?sf] cfwf/df g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{{ dfgj clwsf/

;Ddfg tyf ;+/If0f ug{sf] nflu cg'/f]w ug]{ sfo{ u/]sf] ePsf] 5 .

#=!=$ cfd;~rf/;Fusf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo

dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfd;~rf/;Fusf] ;DaGw ;'dw'/ x'g' kb{5 eGg] ljZjf;

cfof]usf] /x]sf] 5 . cfd ;~rf/n] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g tyf HofbtLsf 36gfx?sf] phfu/ u/]/,

cfof]usf] cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfgaf6 b]lvPsf tYox?nfO{{ cfd hg;d'bfodf k'¥ofP/, dfgj clwsf/sf]

If]qdf b]lvPsf lj;+ult tyf ;'wf/ug'{ kg]{ kIfx?sf] ljifodf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{{ ems\emSofP/ dfgj

clwsf/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;sf] nflu cfd ;~rf/sf] e"ldsf dxTj k"0f{ x'G5 . ;f]xL cg'?k cfd ;~rf/;Fu

;Da4 kIfx?n] dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{gsf] nflu cfof]unfO{{ cfjZos ;Nnfx tyf ;'emfj

pknAw u/fP/, cfof]usf] cg';Gwfg tyf cg'udg sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofP/, cfof]un] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf]

k|]; lj1lKtx?nfO{{ cfd hg;d'bfodf k'¥ofP/, cfof]un] cfof]hgf u/]sf] sfo{qmddf ;xefuL eO

dxTjk"0f{ ;'emfjx? pknAw u/fP/ cfd ;~rf/n] dxTjk"0f{ ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf] 5 . ljleGg

r'gf}ltx?sf] jfjh'b klg cfd;~rf/ dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[ltsf] ljsf;sf nflu sl6a4 /x]sf] 5 .


45

cfof]un] klg cfd ;~rf/df ;+nUg JolQmx?sf] dfgj clwsf/ /Iffsf] nflu lg/Gt/ ?kdf nflu k/]sf]

5 . To;}u/L cfd;~rf/n] dfu]sf ;"rgfx? pknAw u/fP/, dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwdf cfd ;~rf/ tyf

dfgj clwsf/sdL{x?nfO{{ tflnd k|bfg u/]/ ;xof]u ug]{ sfo{ ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L Ps cfk;sf]

;DaGw ;'dw'/ /x]sf] 5 . cfd ;~rf/df ePsf] ;/sf/L tyf afx\o x:tIf]ksf] cg'udg u/]/ ;Da4

kIfnfO{{ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug{ cfof]un] cfu|x ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 .

#=@ cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ePsf] ;DaGw / ;dGjo

cfof]usf] Psn k|of;af6 dfq dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;Da4{g x'g g;Sg] oyf{ytfnfO{{ b[li6ut

u/L cfof]un] /fli6«o dfq geP/ cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / ;dGjo sfod ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . cGt/f{li6«o

;d'bfon] klg g]kfnsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] ljifodf k6s k6s rf;f] JoQm ug'{sf] ;fy} ;Da4

kIfnfO{{ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Ddfg ug{ cfu|x ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/

cfof]unfO{{ ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmdaf6 cfof]usf] Ifdtf ljsf; kl/of]hgfsf] nflu, ;]e b

lrN8«]g gj]{n] afnclwsf/ 8]issf] nflu Pl;of kmfp08];gn] cfof]usf] kFx'r lj:tf/ kl/of]hgfsf] nflu,

OTI n] cfof]usf] nflu cfjZos ef}lts ;fdfu|Lsf] nflu cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpFb}

cfPsf 5g\ . To;}u/L /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{{ ;xof]u ug{sf] nflu :yflkt ePsf] ;+o'Qm /fi6«

;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ pRr cfo'Qmsf] sfof{non] klg cfof]usf] Ifdtf a[l4sf] nflu ljleGg tflnd

sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf u/L Ifdtf ljsf;sf] If]qdf ;dGjo / ;xof]u ub}{ cfO/x]sf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/sf]

;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{gsf] nflu cfof]un] g]kfnsf] nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo ld;g (UNMIN)_;Fu klg ;DaGw

:yflkt u/]sf] 5 .

To;}u/L dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t ljleGg lgsfosf JolQmx?n] cfof]udf u/]sf] e|d0f tyf

5nkmnaf6 klg cfof]usf] cGt/fli6«o ;DaGwsf] af/]df k|sfz kfg{ ;lsG5 . dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf

;+nUg JolQmx?sf] e|d0fnfO{{ lgDgfg';f/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

• dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf a]rlavg lj?4 ;+o'St /fi6« ;+lwo laz]if ;dflwIfs >L l;Udf x'bfsf]

e|d0f

cGt/f{li6«o / If]qLo :t/sf] ;~hfn :yfkgf ug]{ ;DaGwdf dlxnf tyf afnaflnsf a]rlavg lj?4

;+o'St /fi6« ;+lwo laz]if ;dflwIfs >L l;Udf x'bf MS.SIGMA HUDA n] @)^#÷$ ÷@& – #)

ug'{ ePsf] e|d0fsf qmddf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglw, cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L

;+3;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx? / cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?;Fu 5nkmn ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm cj;/df g]kfndf

r]nLa]6L a]rljvgsf] cj:yf / k|s[tL o;nfO{{ Go'lgs/0f / lg/fs/0f ug{sf nflu ljz]if ;dflwIfssf]

x}l;otaf6 ul/g] k|of;, If]qLo :t/sf] ljz]if ;dflwIfssf] Joj:yf / ;+o'St /fi6« ;+3;Fu k|ToIf

;+oGq :yfkgf ug]{ nufotsf ljifodf 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . ;fy} r]nLa]6L a]rljvgsf] at{dfg

l:ylt / lgoGq0f tkm{ s;/L cufl8 a9\g ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf ;d]t 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .


46

• ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 dfgj clwsf/ pRrcfo'Qm n'O; cfj{/

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3 dfgj clwsf/ pRrcfo'Qm dxfdxLd n'O; cfj{/n] klg @)^#÷!)÷* ut] cfof]usf

sd{rf/Lx?;Fu e]6 ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm e]63f6sf] s|ddf cfof]udf sd{rf/Lx?n] /fv]sf ljleGg

lh1f;fx?sf] ;DaGwdf k|i6 kfb}{ dfgj clwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{noaf6 g]kfnsf] dfgj clwsf/

cfof]unfO{ lg/Gt/ ;xof]u ug]{ cfZjf;g k|s6 ug'{sf ;fy} k|wdgdGqL;Fusf] e]6df cfof]udf l/Qm

/x]sf] kbflwsf/Lx?sf] k]l/; l;4fGtsf cfwf/df oyflz3| lgo'QmL ug{sf] nflu cg'/f]w u/]sf] hfgsf/L

;d]t lbg' ePsf] lyof] . pxfF;Fu} dfgj clwsf/ pRrfo'Qm sfof{nosf] g]kfn l:yt sfof{nosf k|d'v

n]gf ;'Gw ;d]t x'g' x'GYof] .

• cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw 8]:ssf] :yfkgf

Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] @)^$ r}q $ sf] cfof]un] cfˆgf] ;+fu7lgs ;+/rgfdf cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw

8]:ssf] :yfkgf ug]{ eGg] Joj:yf u/]sf] x'Fbf cfof]usf] cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGwsf] lj:tf/ tyf

sd{rf/Lx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg jfXo tflnd sf]6fx? k|fKt ug'{ cfjZos ePsf ;Gb{edf

;f] sf] ;d]t vf]hL / Joj:yfkg ;d]tsf nflu ;f] ;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ cfof]usf clws[t >L ;"o{ axfb'/

b]phfnfO{ ;Dks{ JolQm -Focal Point _ tf]lsPsf]] 5 .

• ljleGg ljb]zL k|ltlglwx?sf] cfof]u e|d0f

;DaGw lj:tf/ / ;dGjosf] ;Gbe{df j+unfb]z, >Ln+sf, sf]l/of nufotsf b]zx?af6 /fli6«o dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]u / o;sf ultljlwx? ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lngsf] nflu cfPsf ljleGg 6f]nLx?;Fu

ljleGg ;dodf 5nkmn tyf cGtlqm{of u/L ljleGg b]zsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:Yff / cfof]un]

l;s]sf l;sfOx? / r'gf}ltx?sf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fPsf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;DalGwt b]zsf] dfgj

clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df / k|s[ofsf] af/]df klg cg'ejsf] cfbfg k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf ultljlwx?sf ;daGwdf hfgsf/L xfl;n ug{ ljleGg d"n'ssf ;+3

;+u7gsf k|ltlglwx?sf] e|d0f eO/x]sf] 5 . o;} ;Gb|edf & ;]K6]Da/ @))^ df blIf0f sf]l/ofsf @%

;b:oLo k|ltlglwd08nn] cfof]usf] e|d0f u/L cfof]usf dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;+j4{gfTds

ls|ofsnfksf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L xfl;n u/]sf] lyof] . lsd of]Ë;'ssf] cWoIftfdf cfPsf] pQm 6f]nLn]

sf7df08f} df]8]n c:ktfn e|d0f u/L hgcfGbf]ngsf 3fOt]sf] :jf:Yo pkrf/ ;DaGwL hfgsf/L

lnPsf lyP .

aunfb]zsf] gf/Lkfsf] e|d0f 6f]nLn] cui6 @* df cfof]udf e|d0f u/]sf] lyof] . g]kfnsf] dfgj

clwsf/ cj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf lh1f;f /fVb} dlxnf ;zlSts/0f dlxnfsf] /fhg}lts ;xeflutf tyf

dlxnf lj?4sf] lx;f|sf If]qdf gf/Lkfsf]n] u/]sf] ls|ofsnfksf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lbPsf] lyof] .

cfof]un] klg ;DaGw lj:tf/ / ;dGjosf] nflu ljleGg cGt/fli6«o d~rx?df ;xeflutf hgfPsf]

5 . r]nLa]6L a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ lj?4 /fli6«o ;dflwIfssf] sfof{no /fli6«o ;dflwIfs

kbdf dfy]dfn] ;]K6]Dj/ !( b]lv @@, @))^ ;Dd ef/tsf] e|d0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . South Asia Regional Equity Programme sf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] ;fdflhs jsfnt ;DaGwL sfo{qmddf

rnLj]6L a]rljvg /f]syfd, a;fO;/fO, k'g:yfkgf, hLljsf]kfh{g nufotsf ljifodf cWoog u/L


47

tof/ kfl/Psf] k|ltj]bg / sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?n] ;fdflhs jsfnt ug]{

ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf]] lyof] ;fy} ;dflwIfs kbdf dfy]dfn] g]kfndf r]nLa]6L a]rlavg tyf

cf];f/k;f/ lj?4 ePsf sfo{x? / a]rljvgsf] cj:yfsf] ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ ;+:yfx?sf] cf7f}+ cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ngdf efu lngsf] nflu cfof]usf lgldQ

;lrj w|'j g]kfnn] @)^# sflt{s & b]lv ( ut];Dd af]lnleofsf] e|d0f ug'{ ePsf] lyof] . pQm

a}7sdf g]kfnsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L u/fpg' ePsf] lyof] .

To;}u/L cfof]usf ;+/If0f clws[tx?, jL/ axfb'/ a'9fdu/, af;'b]j ahufO{ / k|lbk s'df/ emf

Rawoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Human Rightiterian Law / Pl;of

Kofl;lkms kmf]/dsf] cfof]hgfdf yfONof08df ;+rflnt dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0fdf dfgj clwsf/

;+:yfsf] e"ldsf ljifos tflnddf ;xefuL x'g' ePsf] lyof] . To;}u/L af;'b]j ahufO{ kmf]/d Pl;ofn]

gf]e]Dj/ @*–@( df yfONof08df cfof]hgf u/]sf] bf];|f] dfgj clwsf/ /Ifssf] kmf]/d sfo{zfnf

uf]i7Ldf klg efu lng' ePsf] lyof] eg] gf]e]Da/ #) –l8;]Dj/ ! df kmf]/d Pl;ofn] g} cfof]hgf u/]sf]

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ ;+:yfx? / u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx?jLr ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ;DaGwdf cfof]hgf

ul/Psf] sfo{zfnf uf]i7Ldf ;d]t ;xeflutf hgfpg' ePsf] lyof] . b'j} uf]i7Lx?df dfgj clwsf/

/Ifsx?sf] cj:yf, pgLx?sf] ;'/Iff h:tf ljifodf 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] .


48

kl/R5]b rf/

pknlJw tyf r'gf}tL / l;kmfl/;x?

o; k|ltj]bg cjlwe/L g} cfof]u kbflwsf/L ljlxg aGg k'Uof] . h;af6 cfof]un] lgjf{x ug'{ kg]{ k|d'v

bfloTjx? lgjf{x x'g ;s]g . tfklg ljleGg r'gf}tLx¿sf] afah'b sd{rf/Lx?sf] tkm{af6 ug{ ;lsg]

sfo{x? ub}{ dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;+Dj4{gdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ePsf] 5 . o; k|ltj]bg

cjlwdf cfof]un] xfl;n u/]sf dxTjk"0f{ pknAwLx¿ tyf r'gf}tLx¿nfO{{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf b]xfo adf]lhd

rrf{ ul/Psf] 5 .

$=! cfof]usf k|d'v pknAwLx¿

dfgj clwsf/ cj:yf cg'udg

o; cjlwdf cfof]usf]] s]Gb|Lo, If]qLo tyf ;Dks{ sfof{nox¿af6 dfgjclwsf/sf] cj:yfsf af/]df

lgoldt ?kdf ljleGg lhNnfsf] cg'udg ePsf 5g\ . ljleGg ljifodf u/L cfof]un] sl/j b'O{;o

krf; k6s k6s eGbf a9L dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] af/]df cg'udg u¥of] . cg'udgaf6 k|fKt

tYox?sf] cfwf/df cg'udg :yndf g} dfgj clwsf/ cj:yf lau|g glbg ;/sf/L lgsfo, /fhgLlts

bn Pjd\ ;/f]sf/jfnf jLr ;dGjo ug'{sf] ;fy} ckx/0fdf k/]sf s]xL JolQmx?nfO{{ l/xf ug{ / s]xL

lj:yflkt ;fj{;fwf/0fnfO{{ cfˆgf] 3/df :yflkt u/fpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L k|fKt tYox?sf]

cfwf/df dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] k|ltj]bg ;fj{hlgs u/L cfd gful/sdf hfgsf/L u/fpg ;kmn

ePsf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm cfof]uåf/f ePsf cg'udg sfo{af6 ;du| dfgjclwsf/ cj:yfdf ;'wf/

Nofpg, dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gstf{nfO{ hjfkmb]xL agfpg / JolQmsf] dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ug]{

sfo{df ;hutf j[l4 ug{ b]zsf] ljs6 ef}uf]lns If]qdf ;d]t cfof]usf] pkl:ylt / ;lqmotf a9\of] .

o;/L cg'udgaf6 k|fKt tYox?sf] cfwf/df tLgj6f k|ltj]bg k|sflzt eO;s]sf] 5 . lgoldt ?kdf

ePsf] cg'udg / k|sflzt k|ltj]bgaf6 dfgj clwsf/ ;+?if0fdf pNn]lvt of]ubfg k'u]sf] lyof] .

dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g tyf HofbtL ul/Psf] elgPsf] ljifosf] cg';Gwfg

cfof]un] dfgjclwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gsf] pNnª\3gsf w]/} 36gfx¿sf] :ynut cg';Gwfg u¥of] .

cfof]uaf6 k|ltj]bg cjlwdf Ps xhf/ Ps ;o eGbf a9L ph'/Lx?sf] ljifodf cg';Gwfg u/]sf]

lyof] . cg';Gwfg ul/Psf ljifox?df ;'/IffsdL{af6 kqmfp u/L xTof ul/Psf] ;DaGwdf, ;'/IffsdL{,

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ nufot cGoaf6 xTof ul/Psf] ;DaGwdf, ;'/IffsdL{af6 kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] tyf

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_af6 sAhfdf lnO{ cj:yf c1ft agfPsf] ljifodf, oftgf s'6lk6 tyf cfgjLo Jojxf/

u/]sf] nufotsf ljifodf cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] lyof] . To;}u/L ;z:q åGåsf] sf/0f lj:yflkt ePsf] eGg]

;DaGwdf klg cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] lyof] . cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] cefjdf cg';Gwfg ;DkGg ePsf

ph'/LnfO{{ 6'ªUofpg ;lsPg .


49

P]gsf] k'g/fjnf]sg tyf gLlt lgdf{0f

cof]uaf6 afnaflnsfsf] xslxt ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g, @)^# sf] d:of}bf pk/ s]Gb|Lo afn

sNof0f ;ldltnfO{{ /fo k]z u/]sf], d:of}bf cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# pk/ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg

;'emfj ;ldltnfO{{ ;'emfj k]z u/]sf], cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yfkg ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt @)^@ pk/ /fo

k]z u/]sf] lyof] h;af6 pNn]lvt b:tfj]hx?df dfgj clwsf/, afnclwsf/ nufotsf ljifox?df

lbPsf] s]xL ;'emfjx? sfof{Gjog ePsf]n] h;nfO{ P]gsf] k'g/fjnf]sg tyf gLlt lgdf{0fsf] If]qdf ePsf]

dxTjk"0f{ pknAwLsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 .

dfgj clwsf/ lzIff ;DaGwdf ;r]tgf clea[l4

o; cjlwdf afn clwsf/, dlxnf clwsf/ nufotsf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf ljleGg :yfgdf

tflnd, sfof{zfnf uf]i7L, 5nkmn sfo{qmd cflbsf] dfWodaf6 ljleGg ju{ tyf k]zfdf ;+nUg

JolQmx?nfO{ cg'lzIf0f ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . To;}u/L afnclwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t snfsf/x?nfO{ klg

dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifodf hfgsf/L u/fO{ snfsf/x? dfkm{t klg afnclwsf/sf] ljifodf ;r]t u/fpg

ul/Psf] k|lta4tfnfO{{ klg dxTjk"0f{ pknAwLsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . To;}u/L cfof]usf If]qLo

sfof{nox?df ul/Psf] dfgj clwsf/ k|bz{gLn] klg dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+a4{g ug{df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf

v]n]sf] lyof] . ;'/IffsdL{x?nfO{ dfgj clwsf/ /dfgjLo sfg"gsf] kl/kfngfsf] ljifodf pknAw

u/fOPsf] cg'lzIf0f tflndaf6 klg dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gsf] dxTjk"0f{ ;+a4{g ePsf] 5 .

h;af6 dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gsf] pNn+3gdf sdL cfpg] ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 .

$=@ k|d'v r'gf}tLx¿

cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;dodf lgo'lQm x'g g;Sg' /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?n]

@)^# c;f/ @% df /fhLgfdf lbPkl5 kbflwsf/Lljlxg aGg k'u]sf] cfof]un] o; k|ltj]bg cjlwe/L g}

kbflwsf/Lsf] cefj dx;'; ug'{ k¥of] . cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] axfnL ug'{ kg]{ bfloTjnfO{ ;/sf/n]

k'/f ug{ ;s]g . h;af6 dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g tyf HofbtL u/]sf] egL cfof]udf kg{ cfPsf

ph'/Lx?nfO{ clGtd ?k lbg ;lsPg . h;af6 kLl8tn] plrt ;dodf Gofo kfpg ;s]gg\ . dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]udf kbflwsf/L lgo'lQm gx'g'nfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf ;/sf/ uDeL/ gePsf] b]lvof] .

gful/s a]kQf tyf ckx/0fsf] cj:yf c1ft /xg'

o; cjlwdf /fHo kIfaf6 JolQmnfO{ kqmfp u/L a]kQf kfg]{ sfo{ gePtfklg g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_,

hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQmdf]rf{ -Hjfnfl+;x_ tyf -uf]Ot ;d"x _ nufotaf6 ckx/0f ug]{ sfo{ hf/L /fv]sf]

kfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L ljleGg ck/flws ;d"xx?af6 klg JolQmsf] ckx/0f ug]{, lkm/f}lt dfu ug]{ tyf

xTof ug]{ h:tf sfo{af6 klg dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f ;Da4{gdf r'gf}lt ylkPsf] 5 . To;}u/L g]kfn

;/sf/ / g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_jLr ePsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf b'j} kIfåf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmx?sf]

tyf åGåsf] ;dodf dfl/Psfx?sf] jf:tljs gfd, y/ / 3/sf] 7]ufgf ;Demf}tf ePsf] ldltn] ^)

lbgleq ;"rgfx? ;fj{hlgs u/L kl/jf/hg ;d]tnfO{{ hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg] k|lta4tf JoQm


50

ePtfklg ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog x'g ;s]g . h;n] ubf{ a]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf kl/jf/x? kLl8t x'g

k'u]sf 5g\ .

cfof]usf] lg0f{o k"0f{ sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg'

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf k/]sf ph'/Lx?sf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfgkl5 k|fKt ePsf

tYox?sf] cfwf/df ljBdfg sfg"gsf] ljin]if0f ;d]t u/L dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g ePsf] 7x/ u/L

kLl8t JolQmnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ lbg / kL8snfO{ sf/afxLsf] nflu ul/Psf l;kmfl/;x? Go"g ?kdf dfq

l;kmfl/;x?sf] sfof{Gjog ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 eg] s]xL l;kmfl/;x?sf] cf+lzs sfof{Gjog ePsf] kfOG5 .

clwsf+z l;kmfl/;x?sf] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 sfof{Gjog gePsf] x'Fbf b08xLgtfsf] ;+:s[ltn] k|>o

kfO/x]sf] 5 . h'gsfo{ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{g u/L dfgj clwsf/ ;+:s[lt lgdf{0fsf] nflu

r'gf}ltsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 . h;af6 kLl8t kIfn] Gofosf] dxz'; ug{ kfPsf 5}gg eg] kL8snfo[ sfg"gL

bfo/fdf NofO sfg"gL sf/jfxL gx'Fbf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg x'g ;s]sf] kfOPg .

cfGtl/s lj:yfkgsf] k'g:{yfkgf gx'g'

g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_jLr ePsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfn] ;z:q åGåsf] cGTo ePsf] 3f]if0ff

u/]tfklg ;z:q åGåsf] cjlwdf åGåsf] sf/0f lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ :yflkt u/fpg] ;DaGwdf

zflGt ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] sfo{ g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ b'j}kIfaf6 ePsf] 5}g . g]skf-

dfcf]jfbL_af6 sAhfdf lnOPsf] ;Dklt lkmtf{ x'g ;s]sf] 5}g eg] o; cjlwdf klg ljleGg JolQmsf]

;Dklt sAhf ug]{ sfo{ hf/L /fv]sf 5g\ h'g sfo{n] lj:yflktx?sf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{ geO yk

;d:of pTkGg ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L t/fO{df cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQmdf]rf{

Hjfnfl;+x tyf uf]Ot ;d"x nufotaf6 klg ljleGg JolQmnfO{ cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt ug]{ tyf

;Dklt sAhf ug]{ sfo{ ePsf 5g\ h'g dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qsf] nflu r'gf}ltsf] ?kdf /x]sf] 5 .

t/fO{sf] cfGbf]ng

k/Dk/futhGo t/fOdf /x]sf] e]befj, c;dfg Jojxf/sf sf/0f /fHosf lgsfo Pjd\ ;+/rgfx?df

/fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;dflhs, ;fF:s[lts ?kdf /fHosf] d"n k|jfxdf ;fdfj]zLs/0f x'g g;s]sf] egL

t/fOdf pl7/xsf] cfjfhsf] oyf]lrt ;Djf]wg x'g g;s]sf] egL z'? ePsf] cfGbf]ngsf] sf/0f klg

dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf t/fOdf v:sSbf] ?kdf /xg k'Uof] . uDeL/ x'g k'Uof] . t/fO{sf] ;d:ofnfO{

g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# n] ;Daf]wg ug{ g;s]sf] egL] dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dn] u/]sf]

cfGbf]ngsf] qmddf klg JolQmsf] dfgj clwsf/ k|efljt x'g k'Uof] . To;}u/L ljleGg ;z:q xltof/wf/L

;d"xaf6 ePsf] dfgj clwsf/ HofbtLaf6 klg t/fO{ If]qdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf bogLo x'g k'u]sf]

5 .

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog x'g g;Sg'

g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_jLr @)^# d+l;/ % ut] ePsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf /fHo kIf /

g]skf-dfcf]jfbL_ b'j}kIfn] dfgj clwsf/sf/sf] ;Ddfg / ;+/If0f ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPtfklg ;f]sf] k"0f{


51

?kdf kfngf x'g g;sL dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g tyf HofbtLsf 36gfx? x'g k'uL dfgj clwsf/sf]

cj:yf bogLo x'g k'u]sf]

b08xLgtf ;+:s[lt sfod /xg'

/fHo / g]skf dfcf]jfbLjLr ePsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf kl5 hf/L cfGbf]ng / ck/flws ultljlwnfO{

/f]syfd u/L sfg"gL zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt ug{ / ck/fwdf ;+nUg JolQmnfO{ sfg"gL bfo/fdf NofO ;hfo

ug{ g;Sbf b08xLgtfsf] ;+:s[ltn] lg/Gt/tf kfPsf] kfOG5 .

$=# l;kmfl/; tyf ;'emfj

g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{

1. dfgj clwsf/ Pj+ dfgjLo sfg"gsf] pNn+3gsf bf]ifLx?nfO{ AolQmut ?kdf hjfkmb]xL agfO

sf/afxL / ;hfo ug{ Pj+ kLl8tnfO{ Gofo k|bfg u/L cfof]uaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ul/Psf

l;kmfl/;sf] sfof{Gjog ug{,

2. cfof]uaf6 ljBdfg P]g sfg"gsf] lgdf{0f tyf ;+zf]wgsf] nflu u/]sf l;kmfl/;x?sf] sfof{Gjog

ug{,

3. xTof, lx+;f ckx/0f, oftgf h:tf dfgj clwsf/ pNNf3+g HofbtL tyf cGo kmf}hbf/L ck/fwdf

;+nUg JolQmnfO{ sfg"gL bfo/fdf NofO k|efjsf/L zflGt;'/Iff / ;'Joj:yf sfod ug{,

4. k|hftflGqs zf;g Aoj:yfdf ;/sf/df ;xefuL x'g kfpg] / cfjlws lgjf{rgdf dtbftf /

pDd]bjf/sf] ?kdf ;xefuL x'g kfpg] cfd gful/ssf] dfgj clwsf/ /xg] x'Fbf :jtGq /

eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g' kg]{ dfgj clwsf/sf] laifo /x]sf]n] nfdf]

;do ;Dd ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg gx'Fbf cfd hgtfdf cGof]ntf pTkGg x'g hfg] ePsfn]]

zL3| ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL x'g] clwsf/sf] dfu{ k|z:t ug{' kg]{ cfjZostf ePsf]n]

;f] cg'?k sfo{ ug{ u/fpg,

5. t/fO{ Pj+ r'/] k|b]zdf ePsf] cfGbf]ngaf6 dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g / hgwgsf] Iflt eO/x]sf]

tYonfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ kLl8tnfO{ oyf]lrt Ifltk"lt{ tyf dfgjLo /fxt k|bfg ug{ tyf

3fOt]x¿sf] lgMz'Ns pkrf/ ug{'sf ;fy} ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt u/L sfg"gL zf;gnfO{ Aojxf/df

ptfg{ / dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gdf ;+nUg bf]ifLnfO{ sfg"gL sf/afxL ug{,

6. zflGtk"0f{ ¿kdf ;ef, h'n'; / ;Dd]ng ug{ kfpg] clwsf/df s'g} lsl;dn] x:tIf]k gug{ tyf

zflGt ;'/Iff sfod ug]{ lznlznfdf dfgj clwsf/sf] d"No dfGotf ;DjGwdf k|lzlIft

;'/IffsdL{sf] k|of]u ug{] cfjZos Aoj:yf ldnfpg

7. dfgj clwsf/sf] 1fg, ;Lk / ;r]tgfsf] cefjsf sf/0fn] /fHosf lgsfoaf6 dfgj clwsf/

pNn+3g x'g ;d]t k'u]sf]n] /fHoåf/f ;DalGwt lgsfodf dfgj clwsf/ lzIff tyf tflnd

;+oGqsf] cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ / dfgj clwsf/ lzIffnfO{ hg:t/df k'¥ofpg cf}krfl/s tyf

cgf}krfl/s lzIff dfkm{t cfjZos gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{,


52

8. dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f tyf kl/k"lt{sf] nflu lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf tyf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

;+ljwfgn] Joj:yf u/]sf cfof]ux? h:t} ;To lg?k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u, j]kQf 5fgljg

cfof]usf] u7g ug{,

9. o; cfly{s jif{df klg /fHo kIf tyf u}/ /fHo kIfaf6 g]kfn kIf ePsf dfgj clwsf/

;DaGwL cGt/fl{i6«o ;lGwdf pNn]lvt k|fjwfgx?sf] af/Daf/ pNn+3g eO/x]sf] x'Fbf cfˆgf]

k|lta4tf k|lt ;hs /xFb} cfufld lbgdf To; k|sf/sf] pNn+3g x'g glbg cfjZos Joj:yf

ldnfpg,

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ nfO{

1. g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf sfo{stf{x?n] ljleGg JolQmnfO{ sAhfdf lng], s'6lk6 ug]{, oftgf lbg],

dfg,{] wDsL lbg], ;DklQ sAhf ug{], hah{:tL rGbf c;'nL ug]{, 3/hUufdf em08f uf8g],

a}rfl/s cf:yf gldNg] /fhgLlts bnsf sfo{qmdx?df cj/f]w k'¥ofpg], JolQmut dof{bfdf

c;/ kfg]{, sfnf]df];f] bNg], lzIffsf] clwsf/ afwf cj/f]w ug]{ h:tf sfo{x? clanDj /f]sL

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] k"0f{ ?kdf kfngf ug{ .

2. la:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf ;DkGg x'g' cl3 / kl5 sAhfdf lnPsf rn–crn ;DklQx? lkmtf{ ug{,

3. cfGtl/s?kdf lj:yflkt JolQmx?nfO{ eo/lxt jftfj/0fdf cfˆgf] yfsynf]df k'g:yf{kgf tyf

k'g{ldngsf] jftfj/0f ldnfO lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] clwsf/ ;+/If0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg,

4. dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs tyf cfd;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ lge{otfk"j{s ;dfrf/ ;+sng, ;Dk|]if0f ug{]

sfo{df s'g} klg lsl;dn] cj/f]w gug{ gu/fpg,

5. ;}Go lzlj/df /x]sf g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf n8fs"x?nfO{ lzlj/af6 aflx/ cfO lj/f]w, h'n'; tyf

k|b{zg ug]{ sfo{x? gug{ .

g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ b'j}nfO{

1. a]jfl/;] cj:yfdf 5fl8Psf ad lj:kmf]6af6 ;j{;fwf/0f / afnaflnsfx? 3fOt] eO{ d[To' ;d]t

ePsf] kfOPsf]n] To:tf sfo{ x'g glbg b'j} kIfn] tTsfn ljB'tLo w/fk tyf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{

/flvPsf] :yfgsf] klxrfg u/L lgliqmo kf/L x6fpg] .

2. a]kQf Pj+ ckx/0fdf kfl/Psfx?sf] cj:yf ;fj{hlgs ug{, cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?nfO{ k'g:yf{kgf

tyf k'g{ldngsf] jftfj/0f agfpg Pj+ pgLx?sf cfwf/e"t cfjZostfsf] kl/k"lt{, /fxtsf]

Joj:yf nufot zflGt ;'/Iffsf] jftfj/0f agfpg,

cGo /fhgLlts bnx?nfO{

1. h'g;'s} larf/df cf:yf /fVg] x/]s /fhgLlts bnsf zflGtk"0f{ sfo{qmdx?df s'g} klg cj/f]w

gk'¥ofpg,

2. k|To]s JolQmsf] JolQmut dof{bf / :jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg ug{ .


53

3. zflGt k|lqmofdf ;j} ju{ ;d'bfo blnt, cflbjf;L, cNk;+Vos, hghflt, dlxnf,

ckfË,cNk;+Vos nufotsf ;j} ju{sf] plrt k|ltlglwTj u/fpb} ufpFufpFdf ;d]t zflGt /

d]nldnfk ;ldltsf] u7g u/L dfgj clwsf/sf pNNf3+g x'g glbg] tyf zflGt / ;befjsf]

jftf/0f agfpg ;xof]u ug{,

4. ufpF tx;Dd gful/s ;dfh, dfgj clwsf/sdL{, :jtGq k]zf Joj;fodf ;+nUg JolQmx?

nufot /fhgLltsdL{ ;lDdlnt zflGt ;ldlt u7g u/L ;+qmd0fsfnLg cj:yfdf e}/x]sf dfgj

clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfx?nfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L zflGt / cdgrog sfod u/fpg ;sf/fTds

kxn ug{ u/fpg .

5. ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{ kfpg] gful/sx?sf] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrtf ug{, sfg"gL

zf;g k|ltsf] k|ltj4tfnfO{ Jojxf/df nfu' ug{, ;dfhsf x/]s If]qdf ;dfj]zLs/0fsf] nflu

;sf/fTds kxn ug{ u/fpg .

gful/s ;dfhnfO{

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] k|rf/ k|;f/ u/L ;Demf}tfsf k|fjwfgx?nfO{ Jojxfl/s sfof{Gjog /

dfgj clwsf/ k|rng Pj+ dfgj clwsf/ l:yltsf] ;'wf/sf nflu hg:t/df asfntL tyf

kx/]bf/L ug{,

t/fO{ cfGbf]ng, r'/] efjF/ nufotsf cGo kIfx?nfO{

1. cfd;~rf/sdL{x?nfO{ :jtGq / lge{ok"j{s ;dfrf/ ;+sng, ;Dk|]if0f ug{] sfo{df s'g} klg

lsl;dn] cj/f]w gug{, dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs, z}lIfsIf]q, :jf:YosdL{ / PDa'n]G;dfly s'g}

k|sf/sf] cj/f]w gk'¥ofpg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ tyf s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ 8/, qf; / wDsLlbg]

sfo{ gug{, gu/fpg,

2. JolQmut tyf ;fj{hlgs ;DklQ tf]8kmf]8, cfuhgL / n'6kf6 ug]{ sfo{ aGb ug{,

3. af/Daf/ x'g] aGb÷x8\tfn cflbsf] sf/0faf6 ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hghLjg si6s/ ePsfn]

cTofjZos ;]jfsf] cfjfudgdf afwf cj/f]w pTkGg gug{] jftfj/0f agfpg,

4. cfkm\gf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ csf{sf] clwsf/,dof{bf / AolQmut k|lti7fnfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{ /

dfgj clwsf/sf cfwf/e"t d"No dGotf / l;4fGtsf] ;Ddfg / k"0f{ kfngf ug{ .


54

cg';"rL !

efu !^


131 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uM

-!_ g]kfndf Ps /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u x'g]5 h;df b]xfo adf]lhdsf cWoIf / ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\M

-s_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Daw{gsf] If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] k|wfg GofofwLz jf GofofwLz kbaf6 ;]jf lgj[Q JolQm jf dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Daw{g jf ;dfh;]jfsf If]qdf lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 Pshgf – cWoIf

-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;Daw{g jf ;dfh;]jfsf If]qdf lqmofzLn /xL ljlzi6 of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf Vofltk|fKt JolQmx¿ dWo]af6 rf/hgf – ;b:o

-@_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ubf{ dlxnf ;lxt ljljwtf sfod ug'{ kg{]5 .

-#_ k|wfgdGqLn] ;+j}wflgs kl/ifb\sf] l;kmfl/;df /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] lgo'lQm ug{]5 .

-$_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf / ;b:osf] kbfjlw lgo'lQm ePsf] ldltn] 5 jif{sf] x'g]5 .

t/ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:onfO{ ;jf{]Rr cbfntsf] GofofwLz ;/x ;dfg cfwf/df / ;dfg tl/sfn] ;f] kbaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .

-%_ b]xfosf] cj:yfdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:osf] kb l/Qm ePsf] dflgg]5M–

-s_ lghn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf lnlvt /fhLgfdf lbPdf,

-v_ pkwf/f -$_ adf]lhd lghsf] kbfjlw k"/f ePdf jf lgh cfˆgf] kbdf g/x]df,

-u_ lghsf] d[To' ePdf .

-^_ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] of]Uotf geO{ s'g} JolQm /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o lgo'lQm x'g of]Uo x'g] 5}gM

-s_ g]kfn ;/sf/af6 dfGotf k|fKt ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftsf]kflw xfl;n u/]sf],

-v_ pRr g}lts rl/q sfod ePsf] .

-&_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:osf] kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf cGo zt{x¿ sfg"gåf/f lgwf{/0f eP adf]lhd x'g]5 . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf / ;b:o cfˆgf] kbdf axfn /x];Dd lghx¿nfO{ dsf{ kg{] u/L kfl/>lds / ;]jfsf zt{x¿ ablng] 5}gg\ .


55

-*_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf cWoIf jf ;b:o eO;s]sf] JolQm cGo ;/sf/L ;]jfdf lgo'Qm x'gsf] nflu u|fXo x'g]5}g .

t/ s'g} /fhg}lts kbdf jf s'g} ljifosf] cg';Gwfg, hfFra'em jf 5fgaLg ug{] jf To:tf] ljifosf] cWoog jf cGj]if0f u/L /fo, dGtJo jf l;kmfl/; k]z ug{] s'g} kbdf lgo'Qm eO{ sfd ug{ o; pkwf/fdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .

132 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M -!_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg, ;+/If0f / ;Daw{g tyf To;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{GjognfO{ ;'lglZrt ug'{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] st{Jo x'g]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ df plNnlvt st{Jo k"/f ug{sf] nflu /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] b]xfosf sfd ug{]5M–

-s_ s'g} JolQm jf ;d"xsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g jf To;sf] b'?T;fxg ePsf]df kLl8t JolQm cfkm}+ jf lghsf] tkm{af6 s;}n] cfof]u ;dIf k|:t't jf k|]lift u/]sf] lgj]bg jf ph'/L jf s'g} ;|f]taf6 cfof]unfO{ k|fKt ePsf] hfgsf/L jf cfof]usf] cfˆg} :jljj]sdf To;sf] 5fgjLg tyf cg';Gwfg u/L bf]ifL pk/ sf/afxL ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{],

-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g x'gaf6 /f]Sg] lhDd]jf/L jf st{Jo ePsf] kbflwsf/Ln] cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/L k"/f gu/]df jf st{Jo kfng gu/]df jf lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug{ jf st{Jo kfngf ug{ pbfl;gtf b]vfPdf To:tf] kbflwsf/L pk/ ljefuLo sf/afxL ug{ ;DalGwt clwsf/L ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],

-u_ dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ug{] JolQmsf lj?4 d'2f rnfpg' kg{] cfjZostf ePdf sfg"g adf]lhd cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{],

-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug{ gful/s ;dfh;+u ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{],

-ª_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gstf{nfO{ ljefuLo sf/afxL tyf ;hfo ug{ sf/0f / cfwf/ v'nfO{ ;DalGwt lgsfo ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{,

-r_ dfgj clwsf/;+u ;DalGwt k|rlnt sfg"gsf] cfjlws ¿kdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{] tyf To;df ug'{ kg{] ;'wf/ tyf ;+zf]wgsf ;DaGwdf g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],

-5_ dfgj clwsf/;+u ;DalGwt cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] g]kfn kIf aGg' kg{] ePdf To;sf] sf/0f;lxt g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{] / kIf alg;s]sf ;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog eP jf gePsf] cg'udg u/L sfof{Gjog gePsf] kfOPdf ;f]sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug{],

-h_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gsf ;DaGwdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] u/]sf] l;kmfl/; jf lgb{]zg kfngf jf sfof{Gjog gug{] kbflwsf/L, JolQm jf lgsfosf] gfd sfg"g adf]lhd ;fj{hlgs u/L dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gstf{sf] ¿kdf clen]v ug{] .

-#_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfˆgf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ubf{ jf st{Jo kfngf ubf{ b]xfosf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{ ;Sg]5M–


56

-s_ s'g} JolQmnfO{ cfof]u ;dIf pkl:yt u/fO{ hfgsf/L jf aofg lng] jf askq u/fpg], k|df0f a'‰g], bzL k|df0f bflvnf ug{ nufpg] ;DaGwdf cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ug{],

-v_ dfgj clwsf/sf] uDeL/ pNn+3g x'g nfu]sf] jf eO;s]sf] ;"rgf cfof]un] s'g} lsl;daf6 k|fKt u/]df s'g} JolQm jf lghsf] cfjf; jf sfof{nodf ljgf ;"rgf k|j]z ug{], vfgtnf;L lng] tyf To;/L vfgtnf;L ln+bf dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g;+u ;DalGwt lnvt, k|df0f jf ;a'b sAhfdf lng],

-u_ s'g} JolQmsf] dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g eO{ /x]sf] s'/f hfgsf/L eO{ tTsfn sf/afxL ug{' kg{] cfjZos b]lvPdf ljgf ;"rgf ;/sf/L sfof{no jf cGo 7fpFdf k|j]z ug{] / p4f/ ug{],

-3_ dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3gaf6 kLl8t ePsf] JolQmnfO{ sfg"g adf]lhd Ifltk"lt{ lbg cfb]z lbg],

-ª_ sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd cGo clwsf/sf] k|of]u / st{Josf] kfngf ug{] jf u/fpg] .

-$_ o; wf/fdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg ;}lgs P]gsf] If]qflwsf/sf] ljifodf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{ If]qflwsf/ x'g]5}g .

t/ dfgj clwsf/ jf dfgjLo sfg"gsf] pNn+3g ePsf] ljifodf sf/afxL rnfpg afwf kg]{ 5}g .

133 jflif{s k|ltj]bgM

-!_ o; ;+ljwfg adf]lhd /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfk"mn] u/]sf] sfdsf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL ;dIf k]z ug{]5 / k|wfgdGqLn] To:tf] k|ltj]bg Joj:yflksf–;+;b ;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ug{]5 .

-@_ pkwf/f -!_ adf]lhd k]z ul/g] k|ltj]bgdf cGo s'/fsf] cltl/Qm /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf jif{e/L k/]sf ph'/L, To:tf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] 5fgjLg / cg';Gwfgsf] ljj/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ljleGg ljifodf u/]sf] l;kmfl/;sf] ljj/0f, dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ug{] JolQm lj?4 s'g} d'2f bfo/ u/]sf] eP ;f]sf] ;+Vof, dfgj clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{gsf ;DaGwdf eljiodf ug'{ kg{] ;'wf/sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg{]5 .


57

cg';"rL–@ dfgj clwsf/ l:ytL cg'udg

qm=;+ cg'udg ul/Psf] :yfg ldlt k|fKt tYo ljj/0f

s]Gb|Lo sfof{no sf7df08f}

1. zflGt ;]jf u[x uf}zfnfdf ckfË zf]let a'9fyf]sLnfO{{{ oftgf lbPsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)$÷)# lgh zf]let a'9fyf]sLn] /S;L ;]jg u/]/ xf]xNnf u/]sf] hfgsf/L xf]:6]n OGrfh{nfO{{{ u/fPkl5 lghn] zf]letnfO{{{ Ps d'Ssf lxsf{Psf] kfOof] . ;f] ljifodf cjut u/fpFbf ;+:yfsf] cWoIfn] To:tf] 36gf gbf]xfl/g] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] .

2. cfGtl/s lj:yfkg ;DaGwdf wflbª lhNnfdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)$÷!^–@@

;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] tYof+s Pj+ kLl8t JolQm tyf ljleGg JolQmx?sf] egfO cg';f/ g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] tfnfaGbL, ;DklQ sAhf, xTof, n"6kf6, s'6lk6, oftgf, 8/, qf;, wDsL h:tf sf/0fx?af6 wflbª lhNnfdf !)& kl/jf/ ;+Vof -;b:o ;+Vof %#&_ lj:yflkt ePsf] eGg] egfO lhNnf k|zf;g sfo{fnosf ;xfos k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L /]jtL/d0f kf]v/]nsf] egfO{ /x]sf] h;dWo] && kl/jf/ ;+Vof -;b:o ;+Vof #*%_ lj:yflkt eO ;b/d'sfd wflbªj];L / ;f]xL lhNnffsf] cGo :yfgdf a;f]jf; u/]sf], @& kl/jf/ ;+Vof -;b:o ;+Vof !$(_ lj:yflkt eO sf7df8f}+df a;f]jf; u/]sf] tyf # hgf ljb]zdf uPsf] kfOof] . g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfo{{/t ;ft hgfsf] 3/df cem} tfnf nufOPsf], lj:yflktx? ;b/d'sfddf 8]/f lnP/ a;]sf]] cj:yf kfOof] . hgcfGbf]ng kl5 b'j}tkm{af6 ul/Psf] o'4lj/fdsf] cj:yfdf lj:yflktx?nfO{{{ 3/ kms{g s]xL ;xhtf ePtfklg n'l6Psf] ;fdfg lkmtf{ gePsf] / 3/sf] tfNrf gvf]lnPsf]n] cem} klg 8/fP/ 3/ hfg ;ls/x]sf] kfOPg .

3. dfcf]jfbL lj?4 hg cbfntsf] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf s'k08f]ndf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)$÷!* kLl8tsf] :jOR5fn] hgcbfntdf cfPsf d'2f x]g]{ u/]sf] kfOof] . hj{h:tL gul/Psf] / ;DalGwt JolQm;Fu ;f]wk'5 u/L ldnfpg] k|of; u/]sf] eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] .

4. dsjfgk'/, af/f lhNnfdf afnclwsf/ cg'udg

@)^#÷)$÷!*–#!

/fHo kIfaf6 dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf 36gfx¿ 36fOPsf] gkfOP klg zflGt ;'/Iff lbg] bfloTj ;/sf/n] k'/f u/]sf] kfOPg . g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 hj{h:tL gful/snfO{{ sfuh u/fpg], hgcfbfntdf xflh/ u/fpg], hj{h:tL rGbf dfu ug]{, ljleGg JolQm tyf ;fj{hlgs ;Dklt sAhf ug]{, ljleGg JolQmnfO{{ cfˆgf] ;]gffdf egf{ ug{sf] nflu sAhfdf lng] tyf ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nf lj?4 ljleGg JolQmx¿sf] xs x:tfGt/0f u/fpg afWo kfl/Psf]] kfOof] .


58

5. o'4lj/fdsf] cj:yfdf l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)$÷@)–@!

/fHokIfaf6 o; cjlwdf dfgj clwsf/sf] pNn+3g gul/Psf], dfcf]jfbLaf6 lgoldt rGbf lng] / rGbf lngsf] nflu wDsL lbg] u/]sf] kfOof]] . Dffc]fjfbLn] sAhf u/]sf] l;+xaxfb'/ nfdfsf] 3/sf] tfNrf vf]nL lbPsf] t/ nu]sf] ;Dklt lkmtf{ gul/Psf] / g]q ljqmd yfkfsf] au}rf sAhf u/L cfˆgf ;}Gox? /fv]sf] kfOof]] . hg;Qf lj36g gx'Fbf;Dd :jlR5s rGbf p7fpg kfpg'' kg]{ c8fg dfcf]jfbLn] /fVb} cfPsf] kfOof]] .

6. cf+lzs k|fWofks ;+3sf cWoIf gGblszf]/ l;+x cfd/0f cg;g a;]sf] cg'udg

@)^#.$.@( Ps z}lIfs ;q k|fWofkg/t k|fWofksx?nfO{{{ s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'lQm u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/;Fu ePsf] ;Demf}tf sfo{fGjog ug{ bjfj lbg cf+lzs k|fWofks ;+3sf cWoIf gGblszf]/ l;+xn] cfd/0f cg;g a;]sf]df k|x/Ln] k6s k6s Toxfaf6 x6fpg k|of; u/]sf]

7. wflbË lhNnfsf] hf]uLdf/fdf r]kfË hfltn] lj:yflkt x'gkg]{ vt/fsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf]] cg'udg

@)^#÷%÷#–& wflbË lhNnfsf] hf]uLdf/f uflj;df x]6f}8f l;d]G6 pBf]u ;+rfng u/]sf] r'g 9"'+uf pTvgg sfo{{af6 ;f] If]qsf r]kfË hfltn] lj:yflkt x'gkg]{ vt/f /x]sf] / pgLx?sf] jf;:yfgsf] Joj:yf u/]/ vfgL rnfpg'kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPsf]

8. o'4lj/fdsf] cj:yfdf dsjfgk'/ / af/f lhNnfdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷^÷@–!@ g]skf dfcf]jfbL / c1ft kIfsf] sf/0f af/fdf rf/ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf], af/fdf kqsf/ dxf;+3 / ;+o'Qm hgcfGbf]ng ;ldltn] ljleGg JolQmsf] gfd sfnf];"rLdf ;dfj]z u/L ;fj{hlgs u/]sf, dfcf]jfbLn] hgcbfntsf] gfddf hgtfnfO{{{ b'v lbPsf], wfswDsL lbg] u/]sf], ljleGg JolQmx?nfO{{{ ckx/0f ug]{ u/]sf], lj:yflktx? lgw{Ss 3/ kms{g] cj:yf g/x]sf], rGbf lng] tyf wDsL lbg] sfo{{ dfcf]jfbLn] ul//x]sf] kfOof] .

9. ;'/IffsdL{af6 a]kQf kfl/PsL elgPsL l;tf rf}w/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷^÷@% lghnfO{ s0f]{n clhtl;+x 7s'/Ln] cfˆgf] lgjf;df kl/jf/;Fu /fv]sf], klxnf Jof/]sdf ;'/IffsdL{n] oftgf lbPklg ;f] 3/df cfPkl5 /fd|f] Jojxf/ ul/Psf] hfgsf/L lgh l;tf rf}w/Laf6 k|fKt ePsf] / kqsf/ dfgj clwsf/ sdL{sf] /f]xa/df lghnfO{{{ cleefjssf] lhDdf nufPsf] .

10. afnaflnsfnfO{ b'Jo{jxf/ ul/Psf] elgPsf] ljifodf cg'udg

@)^#÷&÷@ afnu[xdf a:g] tyf ;'Tg] 7fpFsf] cefj /x]sf] / b'Jo{jxf/ ul/Psf] elgPsf] JolQm ;f] :yfgdf e]6\g g;lsPsf] . lghnfO{{ cleefjsn] 3/ nu]sf] kfOof] .

11. g]skf dfcf]jfbLåf/f sAhfdf lnPsf elgPsf JolStx?nfO{{{ ;fj{hlgs ul/Psf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷&÷$ g]skf dfcf]jfbL hgjuL{o ;+u7g g]jf d'lQm df]rf{n] s|fOd sG6«f]n cleofg cGt{ut sf8df08f} pkTosfsf ljleGg :yfgaf6 sAhfdf lnPsf #* JolQmnfO{{{ sAhfd'Qm u/]sf lyP eg] !) hgfnfO{{{ sAhfdf g} /fv]sf lyP . To; cufl8 ## hgfnfO{{{ 5f]l8Psf] hfgsf/L ;f] ;df/f]xdf u/fOPsf] lyof] . ;f] cj;/df ljleGg :yfgaf6 sAhfdf lnPsf ;jf/L ;fwg tyf


59

xltof/ klg k|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] . sAhfdf /flvPsf JolQmnfO{{{ oftgf ;d]t lbPsf] hfgsf/L cg'udg 6f]nLn] k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] .

12. g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_åf/f sfo{{stf{x?nfO{{{ vfg tyf a:gsf] k|jGw ldnfpg bjfj lbOPsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷&÷@$ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f ldlt @)^#.)&.@$ ut] v'nfd~r sf7df8f}+df ug]{ elgPsf] sfo{{qmdsf] nflu cfpg] sfo{{stf{x?nfO{{{ vfg tyf a:gsf] k|aGw ldnfpgsf] nflu pkTosfsf 3/wgLx?nfO{{ bjfj lbPsf] kfOof] . o; ;DaGwdf dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;xof]usf] nflu cg'/f]w u/]sf] t/ afWo gagfOPsf] k|ltlqmof k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

13. g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] l;Gw'nL lhNnf b'wf}nL l:yt d'Vo ;}Go lzlj/ / l;Gw'nLu9Ldf /x]sf] ;xfos lzlj/df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷*÷#–@# l;Gw'nL lhNnfdf /x]sf] b'wf}nL / l;Gw'nL u9Lsf] ;}Go lzjL/ jl/kl/sf ufpFdf s]xL dfcf]jfbL ;]gfx? afnaflnsfx? ePsf], ;}Go 8|];sf !@ b]vL !# jif{ b]lvg] clwsf+z afnaflnsfn] cfkm'x? !* jif{ k'u]sf]atfPsf lyP, b'wf}nL ;}Go zLlj/ jl/kl/sf ufpFdf s]xL afnaflnsfx? dfcf]jfbL ;]gfx?nfO{{{ sfddfnUffOPsf] Pj+ eft ksfpg] sfd ul//x]sf], l;Gw'nL u9Lsf k;n] / lrof Jofkf/Lsf cg';f/ !) jif{ b]lvsf afnaflnsf klg lzjL/df sfd ul//x]sf], l;yf{}nL uflj;sf Ps dfcf]jfbL sfo{{stf{sf cg';f/ goFf egf{ x'g cfPsf dWo] pd]/ k'u]sfnfO{{{ ;]gfdf / pd]/ gk'u]sfnfO{{{ ;fF:s[lts / /fhg}lts cleofgdf nufpg] u/]sf] kfOof] .

14. lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfkl5 bf]nvf / /fd]5fk lhNnfdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df u/]sf] cg'udg

@)^#÷*÷* –(÷*

k|x/L rf}sL tyf uflj; ;lrjnfO{{{F sfo{If]q ;Dd uO{ sfd ug{ cj/f]w l;h{gf ul/Psf], ljsf; lgdf{0fsfsfo{{qmdx? lgjf{w ?kdf ;~rfng ug{nfO{ cj/f]w k'¥ofPsf], ljleGg afxfgfdf hj{h:tL s/ tyf rGbf c;'n ug]{, lj:yflt JolQmx?nfO{{ cfˆgf] jf;:yfgdf lkmtf{ hfg] jftfj/0f gagfpg] h:tf sfo{{x¿ g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 ePsf] kfOof] . bf]nvf lhNnfdf lhNnfsf dfcf]jfbL g]tfn] cfkm\gf] 3/df kmsf{Psf Ps lj:yflktnfO{ Ps :yfgLo dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{n] a:g glbO{ k'gM lj:yflkt u/fPsf] klg kfOPsf] lyof] .

15. j?0f lje/]h k|fnLdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷*÷@( sf7df08f} gofF afg]Zj/ l:yt j?0f lje/]h k|flndf dhb'/x?n] ljleGg dfu /fvL x8tfn ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm k|flnsf] uf]bfddf !& hgf sd{rf/LnfO{{ y'lgPsf] elgPsf]df !$ hgfnfO{{{ 5f8L ;lsPsf] / # hgf afFsL /x]sf]df dhb'/ o'lgogdsf ;lrj / cfof]usf] 6f]nLn] ltgLx?nfO{{ 5'6fPsf] lyof] .

16. lrtjg lhNnf h'6kfgL l:yt g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;}Go lzlj/df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷*÷* !* jif{ d'lgsf b]lvg] afnaflnsfx? lzlj/df /x]sf . pgLx? lzlj/ lgdf0f{sf] nflu dfq cfPsf] eGg] hfgsf/L ;xfos sld;f/n] u/fPsf] . lzlj/sf] nflu cfj:os ef}lts k'jf{wf/sf] cefj /x]sf], h;sf] sf/0f ufpFdf cf>o lng' k/]sf] kfOof]


60

17. lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no l:yt afn sNof0f ;ldltdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷*÷@! x'Dnfaf6 b'O{ afnsnfO{{{ lghsf] cleefjssf] :jLs[tLdf /fd|f] ljBfnodf k9fO lbg] egL bnaxfb'/ e08f/Ln] k|lt JolQm 5 xhf/ ?k}of lnO{ sf7df08f} NofPsf] t/ eg] cg';f/ gu/]sf] kfOof] . kl5 lghx?nfO{{{ :joDe' l:yt 5ftf ;+:yfdf /fv]sf] kfOof] .

18. k|sfz k'8f;}gLnfO{{{ dfcf]jfbL lgs6 dhb'/ o'lgogn] wDsL lbPsf] elgPsf] ljifosf] cg'udg

@)^#÷(÷!@ xfoft l/h]G;L xf]6nsf] Sofl;gf]df sfo{{/t sd{rf/L k|sfz k'8f;}gLnfO{{{nfO{{{ o'lgogsf] tkm{af6 geO{ JolQmut l/;OjLsf] sf/0f s'6kL6 ul/Psf] t/ s'6kLl6 ug]{ JolQm dfcf]jfbL lgs6 o'lgog;Fu cfa4 /x]sf] kfOof]

19. :jf:Yo ;DaGwL clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf pkTosfsf ljleGg c:ktfnx?df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷(÷!# sflGt afn c:ktfndf Ps afnssf] pkrf/sf] qmddf d[To' ePsf] 36gfnfO{{{ lnP/ afnssf] cfkmGtn] :jf:YosdL{dfly cfqmd0f u/]kl5 ;f] 36gfsf] lj/f]wdf b]ze/sf :jf:YosdL{x?n] cfsl:ds ;]jf afx]s cGo ;Dk"0f{ ;]jf aGb u/L cfGbf]ngdf nfu]sf] kfOof] . c:ktfn tyf :jf:Yo s]Gb|x?sf] ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug{ ;/sf/nfO{{{ / x8tfn lkmtf{ lnO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpg ;DalGwt kIfnfO{{{ cfof]un] cfXjfg u/]sf] lyof] .

20. g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] dtbftf gfdfjnL vf];]sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷!!÷(–!)

g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rgsf] nflu dtbftf gfdfjnL ;+sng ul//x]sf] sf7df08f} dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+ ^,&,*,( df / s]xL uflj;df dtbftf gfdfjnL vf]l;Psf] lyof] . c:yfoL ?kdf a;f]af; u/]sfx?nfO{{{ klg dtbftf ;'rLdf ;dfj]z u/fpg' kg]{ dfu dfcf]jfbLn] /fv]sf] kfOof] .

21. 8f= b]j]Gb|/fh kf08] / s[i0f kxf8Lsf] lgjf;df ad /fv]sf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg

@)^#÷!!÷@% b'j}hgfsf] 3/df c1ft JolQmn] ad /fv]sf] t/ ;'/IffsdL{n] l8:kf]h u/]sf] lyof] .

22. gful/s ;dfhåf/f /Tgkf{df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] wgf{ sfo{{qmdsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)$÷!) gful/s ;dfhåf/f /Tgkf{sdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] wgf{ sfo{{qmd zflGtk"0f{ /x]sf] lyof] . k|x/Lx?sf] pkl:ytL ePtfklg s'g} lsl;dsf] x:tIf]k ePsf] lyPg .

23. dlxnf ljsf;sf sd{rf/Lx?åf/f l;+xb./jf/ cufl8 ul/Psf] wgf{ sfo{{qmdsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)$÷!@ #)) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] pQm sfo{{qmd zflGtk"0f{ /x]sf] lyof] . To;} u/L ckfË dxf;+3åf/f ul/Psf] l;+xb/jf/ 3]/fp sfo{{qmd klg zflGtk"0f{ /x]sf] lyof]

24. lhNnf k|x/L sfo{nosf] lx/f;tdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)$÷!* lx/f;tdf ! dlxnf ;d]t @% hgf /x]sf], aGbLnfO{{{ y'g'jfk'hL{ lbP/ /flvPsf], cf]8\g] cf]5\ofpg]sf] cefj ePsf], IfdtfeGbf a9L aGbL /flvPsf] kfOof]

25. cg]/f:jljo" sflGtsf/Ln] cfof]hgf lj/f]w k|bz{gsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷%÷^ /fHoåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf] l:ytL ;fj{hlgs ug{ dfu ub]}{ ljBfyL{x?sf] ;d]t ;xeflutf /x]sf] pQm sfo{{qmd zflGtk"0f{ /x]sf] lyof] .


61

26. /fHoåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf kl/jf/n] eb|sfnLdf u/]sf] lj/f]w sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)%÷!( j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf] ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{ dfu /fvL zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{g ul//x]sf] k|bz{gsf/Lx?df * b]lv !) sIff;Ddsf afnaflnsfx? ;d]]t /x]sf lyP .

27. /fHoåf/f j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf kl/jf/n] eb|sfnLdf cfof]hgf u/]sf] l/n] cg;gsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)%÷@) j]kQf kfl/Psf JolQmsf] ;fj{hlgs ug'{ kg]{ dfu /fvL wgf{df a;]sf JolQmx?nfO{{{ /ftL ;'/IffsdL{n] b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf] hfgsf/L wgf{ a;]sf JolQmx?af6 k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

28. c:yfO{ lzIfs cfGbf]ng s]Gb|Lo ;ldltåf/f ul/Psf] k|bz{gsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)%÷!( c:yfO{ lzIfsx?nfO{{{ :yfO{ ug{ dfu /fvL u/]sf] k|bz{gdf k|x/L x:tIf]kdf #$ lzIfsx? 3fOt] ePsf lyP . h'n'; l;+xb/jf/ tkm{ hfg nfUbf pQm 36gf ePsf] lyof] .

29. dfcf]jfbL kLl8t ;+3åf/f l;+xb/jf/sf] d"n u]6df ul/Psf] k|bz{gsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)%÷!( k'g{:yfkgf jf cfjf;sf] Joj:yf x'g'kg]{ , ;'/Iffx'g'kg]{ cfGtl/s z/0ffyL{ 3f]if0ff ul/g' kg]{ h:tf dfu /fvL l;+xb/af/ d"n u]6df ul/Psf] k|bz{gdf b'O{ dlxnf ;lxt !# hgfnfO{{{ kqmfp u/L j8f k|x/L sfof{no afg]Zj/df /flvPsf] lyof] . kqmfp ul/Psf ;a}nfO{{{ ;f]xL lbg l/xf ul/Psf] lyof] .

30. g]kfn dfcf]jfbL kLl8t ;+3 hgcfGbf]ng 3fOt]x?, lgdf0f{ JojzfoL ;+3åf/f cfof]lht wgf{ sfo{{qmdsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)%÷@# krf; hgf hltsf] ;+Vofdf /x]sf hgcfGbf]ng 3fOt]x?n] cfˆgf dfux? /fvL zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf u/]sf] wgf{ sfo{{qmddf k|x/Lx?n] wgf{sf/Lsf s]xL JolQmnfO{{{ k|x/L Eofgdf /fvL j8f k|x/L sfof{no sdnkf]v/L / sfnLdf6L nluPsf] lyof] . @) hgf hltsf] ;xeflutfdf /x]sf] dfcf]jfbL kL8t ;+3sf] wgf{ sfo{{qmdsf ;xefuLx?nfO{{{ klg k|x/L lu/ˆtf/ u/L k|x/L kx/f u0f lqk'/]Zj/df nu]sf] lyof] . lgdf0f{ JojzfoL ;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf ePsf] lj/f]w sfo{qmd zflGtk"0f{ /x]sf] / s'g} x:tIf]k ePsf] lyPg

31. cg]/f:jljo" s|flGtsf/Lsf] /fli6«o ;Dd]ngdf ljBfnosf afnaflnsf ;xefuL u/fpg vf]lhPsf] elgPsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)^÷@ ljleGg ljBfnodf kq k7fP/ sfo{{qmddf ljBfyL{nfO{{{ ;xefuL u/fpg ljBfnonfO{{{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] ljBfnosf a; k|of]u u/]sf] / ljBfyL{nfO{{{ sfo{{qmdf ;xefuL u/fPsf, kf6L{sf] em08f;lxtsf] a;df afnaflnsfx?nfO{{{ cf];fl//x]sf] kfOof] .

32. blnt ;+o'Qm ;+3if{ ;ldltåf/f cfof]lht lj/f]w k|bz{gsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)^÷# 8f]6L lhNnfdf blntx?nfO{{{ k|j]z ug{ glbOPsf], blntx?dfly s'6lk6 ub}{ e]befj u/]sf] / bfË lhNnfdsf lhNnf Gofolw;n] blntx?dfly u/]sf] elgPsf] e]befjsf] lj?4df dfOtL 3/df lj/f]w k|bz{g ul/Psf] lyof] . oftfoftsf] 7"nf] rfk x'g] :yfgdful/Psf] lj/f]w k|bz{gn] ;j{;fw/0fsf] cfjfudgdf k|efj kf/]sf]

33. sf7df08f} uf]7f6/df ;'s'Djf;Låf/f vfnL hUuf sAhf ul/Psf] ljifodf ePsf] lj/f]wsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)&÷!@ pQm lj/f]wdf ufpFn];Fusf] em8kdf ;'s'Djf;L elgPsf s]xL JolQm 3fOt] ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] . 6x/fx? agfO{ g;s]sf] t/ agfpg k|of; eO/x]sf] cj:yf lyof] . vfnL hUufdf aflx/sf dflg;x?cfO{


62

l;df+sg ug{ yfn]sf]n] pgLx?nfO{{{ ufpFn]n] x6fPsf lyP .

34. dfcf]jfbL kLl8t;+3sf cfd/0f cg;gdf a;]sf cg;gsf/Lx?sf] l:yltsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)&÷@) g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] u]6df % hgf / g]skf Pdfn] kf6L{sf] u]6df # hgf cg;gdf a;]sf, lj:yflktx?n] ;:Ddfg cfˆgf] 3/ kms{ kfpg' kg]{ nufotsf dfu /fvL cg;g a;]sfsf] :jf:Yo l:ylt lbgk|ltlbg sdhf]/ x'Fb} uPsf] .

35. d'Qm sd}of ;dfhn] ;/sf/;dIf cf7a'Fb] dfu /fvL sf7df08f}sf] tLgs'g]df c:yfO{ lzlj/ agfO{ lbPsf] wgf{sf] cg'udg

@)^#÷(÷!& 5'6 ePsf d'Qm sd}ofsf] gfd ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{ k|To]s d'Qm sd}ofnfO{{{ % s7\7f hUuf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ nufotsf dfu /fvL !)) dlxnf / !%) k'?if u/L @%) hgf pQm :yfgdf a;]sf lyP. A:g] :yfg cf]8\g] cf5|ofpg] / vfglkgsf] cefjsf sf/0f !)÷!% hgf lj/fdL ;d]t ePsf lyP . d'Qm sd}ofx?n] cfˆgf dfu /fvL lj/f]w k|bz{g ul//x]sf lyP .

36. gful/s ;dfhåf/f l;+xb/jf/ blIf0f u]6kl/;/df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] k|bz{gsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷(÷!& cGtl/d ;+ljwfg sfof{Gjg u/ egL dfu /fvL ul/Psf] k|bz{g zflGtk'0f{ /x]sf] lyof] .

37. dw]zL hgflwsf/ kmf]/dåf/f ul/Psf] zflGtk'0f{ k|bz{gsf] qmddf kqmfp k/]sfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷!)÷# dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dåf/f dfOtL3/ d08nfdf cGtl/d ;+ljwfg hnfpg] tyf lj/f]w k|bz{gsf] sfo{{qmdaf6 @* hgfnfO{{{ kqmfp u/L !$ hgfnfO{{{ tTsfn d'Qm u/]sf] hfgsf/L ePsf], aGbLx?nfO{{{ dxfgu/Lo kl/;/df /fVbf /fd|f] Jojxf/ gul/Psf] eGg] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] .

38. g]skf dfcf]jfbL kLl8t ;+3n] sf7df08f}sf] tLgs'g]df rSsf hfd u/]sf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg'udg

@)^$÷@÷# aGb sfo{{qmdf k|bz{gsf/Ln] Ps ;/sf/L uf8Ldf cfuf] nufPsf] / k|x/Ln] @ dlxnf ;lxt !# hgfnfO{{{ cfˆgf] sAhfdf lnPsf] kfOof] .

39. g]skf dfcf]jfbL kLl8t ;+3n] sf7df08f}sf] tLgs'g]df 6x/f agfO{ wgf{ lbPsf]df k|zf;gn] 6x/f eTsfOPsf] ;dfg p7fPsf] elgPsf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg'udg

@)^$÷@÷$ ;fdfgx? p7fP/ nu]sf] t/ tLgs'g]df gnuL cfˆgf] k'/fgf] 7fpFdf ;fdfg lnP/ uPdf lkmtf{ lbg] eGg] ;'/IffsdL{sf] egfO{ /x]sf] .

40. afn clwsf/sdf s]lGb|t /xL dsjfgk'/ lhNnfdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)$÷!*—#!

;]gfn] x]lnsK6/af6 k|xf/ ul/Psf] elgPsf] adaf6 gfd gv'n]sf] Ps $ jlif{o afnssf] d[To' ePsf], ljBfnodf lzIfs, lzlIfsfn] k9fpFbf ljBfyL{nfO{{ zf/Ll/s ;hfo lbg] u/]sf], afnaflnsfnfO{{{ ;s{;df nuL s8f kl/>d / sd kfl/>ldsdf v]n v]Ng nufPsf], åGåsf] ;dodf dfcf]jfbL ;]gf / /fHo kIfsf] ;]gfn] ljBfnonfO{{ k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf, uflj; ;lrj ufpFdf gePsf]n] JolQmut 36gf -hGd_ btf{sf] nflu ;d:of k/]sf] h:tf tYo k|fKt ePsf lyP .


63

41. afn clwsf/sdf s]lGb|t /xL af/f lhNnfdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)$÷!*—#!

lzIfssf] b/aGbL sd ePsfn] k7g kf7gdf ;d:of ePsf], u|fdL0f If]qsf afnaflnsfnfO{{{ ;]gfdf egf{ ul//x]sf], ;]gf klg ufpFdf hfFbf ljBfnodf hfg] u/]sf], lhNnfsf] blIf0fL e]udf ;fg} pd]/df ljjfx ul/lbg] k|rng /x]sf] sf/0f lzIffaf6 al~rt /xg' k/]sf], Ufflj; ;lrjx? ;b/d'sfd d} ePsf]n] hGdbtf{sf] nflu ;d:of k/]sf] h:tf cj:yf b]lvPsf] .

42. sLlt{k'/ gu/kflnsf !$ df g]skf dfcf]jfbL;Fu cfa4 u'y sDo'lgi6 lnun] afn ;}lgs egf{ u/]sf] elgpsf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)$÷@@ afnaflnsfx?nfO{{{ g[To / s/fFt] l;sfpg] ul/Psf] afnaflnsfx? cfkm"v';L cfP/ hfg] u/]sf] kfOof]] .

43. l;Gw'nL lhNnfdf afn clwsf/ ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷*÷#–@# afnaflnsfx?nfO{{{ g]skf dfcf]jfbL hgf;]gfdf etL{ u/]sf], hGd btf{af6 y'k}| afnaflnsx? alGrt ePsf], sdnfdfO{ gu/kflnsf j8f g+= % df /x]sf] aflnsf cfgGb u[xdf % hgf åGå kLl8t / !! hgf cgfy aflnsfx? a;]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof]

44. dsjfgk'/ lhNnfdf afn u[xsf] ;du| cj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷*÷^ cgfy ckfË afn pTyfg s]Gb| / ledkm]bL afnu[xsf] cg'udg ubf{ ^! hgf afnaflnsf /x]sf] Ifdtf eGbf a9L /flvPsf] kfOof] Tofxfsf] ef}lts cj:yfsf] af/]df klg cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] .

45. lrtjg lhNnfdf afnu[xsf] ;du| cj:yfsf] af/]df u/]sf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)*÷)* ;f/f afnu[x afn ;+/If0f ;'wf/ ;+:yf e/tk'/df # b]lv !^ jif{;Ddsf @) aflnsf /x]sf], afnaflnsf egf{ ul/;s]kl5 afn sNof0f ;ldltdf hfgsf/L u/fpg] gul/Ptfklg afnaflnsfs]f JolQmut kmfOn /fVg] ul/Psf] , !) hgf ;/sf/L ljBfnodf ( hgf gLlh ljBfnodf k95g\ eg] Ps aflnsfnf pd]/sf] sf/0f k9\g gk7fPsf], lghL k|of;df pQm ;+:yf rn]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt b dkmL{ ckmf{g len]h klg e/tk'/df /x]sf] ;+:yfdf @) hgfsf] Ifdtf ePsf] df $# hgf afnaflnsf /x]sf], ;+:yfn] g} ljBfno ;+rfng u/L k9fpg] ul/Psf], 7fpF ;f3'/f] /x]sf] kfOof] . To;}u/L d+unk'/df ;fd'bflos agsf] ;xof]udf 1fg]Zj/ afn afl6sf ;+rfng u/L # b]lv % jif{sf afnaflnsfnfO{{{ k|f/lDEfs lzIffsf] Joj:yf ldnfOPsf] kfOof] .

46. afnclwsf/ ljifodf s]lGb|t /xL g'jfsf]6 lhNnfdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷!!÷@%–!@÷!!

ljif]zu/L tfdfª ;d'bfodf afn ljjfx x'g] u/]sf], afnaflnsfx? k9fO{ 5f8L afn >ddf hfg] u/]sf], ljBfyL{ cg'kftdf lzIfs gePsf]n] u'0f:t/Lo lzIff kfpg sl7gfO{ ePsf], g]skf dfcf]jfbL nufot cGo bnsfåf/f afnaflnsfx?nfO{{{ cfˆgf] /fhgLlts sfo{{qmddf ;xefuL u/fpg] ul/Psf], afnaflnsfnfO{{{ sf/fuf/df cGo jo:s;Fu /flvPsf] kfOof] .


64

47. sf/fuf/ zfvf dsjfgk'/ eLdkm]bLdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷$÷!(–@)

sf/fuf/df ^ dlxnfl;lxt ^& hgf aGbL tyf y'g'jf /x]sf, Ifdtf eGbf a9L aGbL /flvPsf],: jf:Yo pkrf/sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf gePtfklg cGo ef}lts ;'ljwfx? ePsf] / lx/f;tdf /xbf aGbLx?nfO{{{ oftgf lbPsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

48. lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no dsjfgk'/ / af/fsf] lx/f;t cg'udg

@)^#÷$÷@(–#)

lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no dsjfgk'/sf] lx/f;tdf !@ k'?if /x]sf, h;df Ps hgfsf] pd]/ !% jif{dfq lyof] , lx/f;tdf ;/;kmfO{sf] cj:yf gfh's /x]sf] lyof] . / lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no af/fsf] lx/f;tdf !@ hgf /x]sf] zf}rfnosf] 9f]sf g/x]sf] / g'xfpg] :yfgsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf gePsf] kfOof] cGo cj:yf ;fdfGo /x]sf] b]lvof] .

49. >L eujtL k|;fb u0f wfkbªj];L, wflbªdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷$÷@! /fHoåf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf gful/ssf] ;DaGwdf pQm Jof/]sdf cg'udg ubf{ s'g} klg JolQm g/x]sf] hfgsf/L kfOPsf] .

50. lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no wflbªsf] k|x/L lx/f;tdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷$÷!* lx/f;tdf /x]sf @% aGbLx?dWo] @$ hgf k'?if / ! hgf dlxnf /x]sf], aGbLnfO{{{ b'O{ j6f lx/f;t sf]7fdf /flvPsf], lx/f;tdf xfjf k|sf; gl5g]{, cf]9\g] cf]5\ofpg]] sk8fsf] cefj, kqklqsfsf] cefj /x]sf] kfOof] .

51. lrtjg lhNnfdf /x]sf sf/fuf/ / s;/fdf /x]sf] /fli6«o lgs'~h lx/f;tsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷$÷@#–@&

sf/fuf/ zfvf e/tk'/df @#@ aGbL /x]sf], h;df dlxnf & hgf /x]sf] . kqklqsfsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf], ;'u/sf aGbLnfO{{{ :jf:Yo cg's'n vfgf gePsf]] h:tf ;d:of b]lvPsf] lyof] . lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h s/;fdfg Ps hgf k'?if aGbL /x]sf] cGo cj:yf ;fdfGo /x]sf] kfOof]

52. sf/fuf/ zfvf lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~h s;/f lx/f;tdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷$÷@# sf/fuf/df dlxnf / k'?if u/L !)) hgfsf] Ifdtf ePsf] sf//fuf/df & dlxnf ;lxt @#@ s}bL tyf y'g'jf /x]sf], ;~rf/sf ;fwgsf] pknAwtf ePsf], aGbLnfO{{{ Ps} :yfgdf ;'Tg' kg]{ ePsf]n] 7fpF kof{Kt gePsf], v]ns'b / cfo cfh{gsf] cj;/ /x]sf], zf}rfno kof{Kt gePsf, /f]uL / ;fdfGo lj/fdLx?nfO{{{ ;d]t Ps} :yfgdf /flvPsf] .

53. s]lGb|o sf/fuf/ zfvfdf aGbLx?jLr ePsf] s'6kL6sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷%÷@# ;Dk"0f{ aGbLx?nfO{{{ cfd dfkmL lbg'kg]{ dfu /fvL @)^#÷% ÷!@ b]lv cg;gdf a;]sf aGbLsf] :jf:Yo cj:yf gfh's ePsf]n] cfkmGtsf] cg'/f]wdf cg;gsf/LnfO{{{ jL/ c:ktfn nfg] ljifodf emu8f eO{ aGbLx?n] g} !) hgf aGbLnfO{{{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf], ;f] ljifodf a'em\g cfof]usf] 6f]nL leq hfg vf]Hbf cfb]z gePsf] eGg'sf ;fy} cfof]usf] 6f]nLnfO{{{ 8o'6Ldf /x]sf c;On] ckdflgt u/]sf lyP .

54. s]lGb|o sf/fuf/ zfvfdf cfd/0f cg;g a;]sf cg;gsf/Lsf] cj:yf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷%÷@( ;Dk"0f{ aGbLx?nfO{{{ cfd dfkmL lbg'kg]{ dfu /fvL @)^#÷% ÷!@ b]lv cg;gdf a;]sf aGbLsf] :jf:Yo cj:yf gfh's ePsf]n] s]xL aGbLsf] c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/L pgLx?n] cg;g tf]8]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt


65

ePsf] .

55. j8f k|x/L sfof{no tLgs'g]df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷%÷@^ :jf:YosdL{x?sf] h'n';af6 lu/ˆtf/ u/L NofOPsf ( dlxnf ;lxt &) hgfnfO{ kfgLn] leHg] :yfgdf /flvPsf] lyof] s'g} k"lh{ lbOPsf] lyPg . ;f]xL lbg ( M#) ah] ;a}nfO{{{ 5fl8Psf] lyof] .

56. s]lGb|o sf/fuf/ huGgfy b]jnd ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#.%.@( aGbLx?n] cfddfkmLsf] dfu /fvL cfd/0f cg;g z'? u/]sf] .

57. lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no af/fsf] k|x/L lx/f;tdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷^÷^ Ps hgf aGbL /x]sf]

58. a/fbn u'Nd uf}/, sfnLh+u u0f k;f{, /0feLd u'Nd af/f df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷^÷!! lx/f;tdf aGbL g/x]sf] hfgsf/L kfOPsf] .

59. sf/fuf/ zfvf l;Gw'nLdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷*÷!$ sf/fuf/df tLg dlxnf ;d]t @^ hgf /x]sf] sf/fuf/df ;f}rfno Jojl:yt gePsf]n] sl7gfO{ ePsf], dlxnf aGbLsf] nflu k|sfz / tfksf] ;'ljwf gePsf], aGbLsf] plrt :jf:Yo pkrf/ x'g g;s]sf], v]ns'b ;fdfu|L, kqklqsf / k':tsfnosf]] ;'ljwf sd ePsf]

60. dxf/fhu~h l:yt ;z:q k|x/L kx/f u0fdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷(÷!& k|wfgdGqLsf] cfjf; cufl8 zflGtk"0f{ cfGbf]ng u/L /x]sf gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{{{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L pQm u0fdf nluPsf] lyof] h;df ^# hgf gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?nfO{{{ /flvPsf] lyof] . u[xdGqLn] dfkmL gdfu];Dd ToxfFaf6 ghfg] c8fg gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?sf] /x]sf] kfOof] .

61. dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dn] u/]sf] zflGt k"0f{ cfgbf]ngdf k|x/L x:tIf]k ePsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷!)÷# kmf]/dn] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg hnfP/ u/]sf] lj/f]w k|bz{gaf6 @* hgfnfO{{{ lu/ˆtf/ u/L !$ hgfnfO{ l/xf u/]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] . lghx?nfO{{{ y'gfdf /fVbf /fd|f] Jojxf/ gul/Psf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] . afFsL !$ hgfnfO{{{ ;fj{hlgs ;'/Iff P]g cGt{ut y'gfdf /fVg Dofb yk ug} k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOPsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

62. lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no wg'iffsf] lx/f;t cg'udg

@)^#÷!)÷@# lx/f;tdf !^ aGbLx? /x]sf] kfOof] . aGbLsf] cj:yf ;fdfGo /x]sf] kfOof] .

63. cd/ k|x/Lsf kl/jf/ / c;Qm cjsfz k|x/L ;+3 g]kfnåf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] k|bz{gdf k|x/Ln] kqmfp u/L dxfgu/Lo k|x/L j[tdf /flvPsf]df ;f] sf] cg'udg

@)^#÷!)÷!! lgif]lwt If]qdf k|bz{g u/]sf] egL !( hgf dlxnf / ^ k'?ifnfO{{{ ;f] sfo{fnodf NofOPsf] kfOof] .

64. gVv' sf/fuf/df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^$÷!÷$ gVv' sf/fuf/df /x]sf aGbLx?n] cfddfkmLsf] dfu /fvL cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf] kfOof] . cfof]usf] 6f]nL sf/fuf/ k|zf;g / aGbLx?aLr 5nkmn u/fO{ ;+rf/sf] ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] aGbLsf cfkmGt;Fu


66

e]63f6 ug{ lbg] ;'/IffsdL{nfO{{{ h]nleq lg/LIf0f ug{ aGbLx?n] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ nufot ljifodf df}lvs ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] .

65. l8NnLahf/ ;b/ h]ndf aGbLx?n] cfddfkmLsf] dfu /fvL u/]sf] cfGbf]ngsf] cg'udg

@)^$÷!÷!) sf/fuf/df /x]sf #@$ aGbLx? cfd/0f cg;gdf a;]sf] / !) hgf hltsf] :jf:Yo l:ytL uDeL/ /x]sf], * hgfnfO{{{ c:ktfn nluPsf], aGbLx?n] /f;g alx:sf/ u/]sf] kfOof] .

66. s]lGb|o sf/fuf/ huGgfy b]jndf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^$÷@÷!% !%)) Ifdtf ePsf] pQm sf/fuf/sf tLgj6f sf/fuf/df !#( dlxnf ;d]t !$#% aGbL /x]sf] kfOof]

67. sf/fuf/zfvf gVv'df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^$÷@÷!^ #)! aGbLx?n] cfd dfkmLsf] dfu /fvL cfGbf]ng ul//x]sf] kfOof] .

68. sf/fuf/ zfvf dsjfgk'/ tyf lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no dsjfgk'/df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^$÷@÷@* pQm sf/fuf/ df ;ft dlxnf ;d]t ^# aGbL /x]sf], Ifdtf eGbf a9L aGbL ePsf]n] a:g ;'Tg cK7]/f] ePsf]] sf/fuf/ ejgsf] cj:yf hL0f{ /x]sf] kfOof] . lx/f;tdf !& JolQmx? /x]sf] kfOof] .

If]qLo sfof{no lj/f6gu/

69. ;Kt/L lhNnfdf cfGtl/s lj:yflkt JolStx¿sf] l:ylt cfjZostfsf] klxrfg ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷%÷!^–@^

lj:yflkt elgPsf JolStx¿sf] ;DaGwdf cflwsfl/s tYofª\s ;+3;+:yf jf ;/sf/L sfo{fnodf gePsf], lj:yflkt elgPsf JolStx¿dWo] sltko lhNnf ;b/d'sfd cnjf sf7df08f} uPsf], g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] lhNnf g]t[Tjn] kf6L{sf] sf/0f sf]xL klg lj:yflkt gePsf], pgLx¿ cfkm\g} sf/0fn] lj:yflkt ePsf, sltkon] ;/sf/L ;'ljwf lngsf nflu lj:yflktdf cfkm\gf] gfd btf{ u/fPsf / sf]xL lj:yflkt eP ;j{kIfLo ;ldlt u7g u/L ;ldltsf] 5fgjLgsf] cfwf/df k'g:yf{kgf u/fpg] egfO /x]sf] kfOof] . lj:yflktx¿ elgPsf JolStx¿dWo] s]xLsf] af/]df a'em\bf 3/fo;L sf/0f, l5d]sL;Fusf] emu8f ePsf] / To;df k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf dfcf]jfbLsf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] ;fy} rGbf dfusf] sf/0f;d]t lj:yflkt ePsf] kfOof] .

70. wgs'6f sf/fuf/ cg'udg )^#÷^÷!–@ sf/fuf/ lg/LIf0f ubf{ ljutsf] eGbf sf/fuf/df s}bL aGbLx?sf] rfk nufot cGo ljifox?df ;'wf/ ePsf] kfOof] .

71. ;'g;/L lhNnf lj:g'kfb'sf l:yt efn'jfª dfljdf cWoog/t ljBfyL{x?nfO{{{ sAhf ul/Psf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg

@)^#÷)^÷@ dfcf]jfbLsf ;'g;/L lhNnf ;]s|]6/L /fds'df/L rf}w/L -/f]lhgf_ nfO{{{ kmf]g ;+Dks{ u/L ;f] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf a'‰g vf]Hbf cfˆgf] kf6L{n] gnu]sf] eGg] lhls/ u/]sf] . To;}u/L ls/fFt d'lQm df]rf{n] nu]sf] eGg] klg hfgsf/Ldf cfPsf]n] jf:tjdf ljBfyL{x? sAhfdf lnPsf] xf] jf xf]O{g, obL xf] eg] s;n] nu]sf] eGg] s'/f g} kQf nufpg cfjZos ePsf]n] ;f] ;DaGwdf ;DalGwt :yfgdf g} uO{ k|fKt ;'rgfx?nfO{{{ k'i7\ofO{ ug]{ p2]Zon] :ynut cg'udg ubf{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] nu]sf] kfOof] .


67

72. ljBfnodf dfcf]jfbL cf>o lnPsf] ljifodf cg''udg

@)^# ÷^÷@$ ;'g;/L lhNnfsf] vgf/ l:yt zf/bf dfljdf dfcf]jfbLx?sf] hgldlnl;of /fVg] tof/L ug{sf] nflu sl/j kfFr lbg cufl8 b]lv ToxfF @)÷@% hgfsf] ;+Vodf dfcf]jfbLx? Jf;L tof/L ul//x]sf ljifodf hfgsf/Ldf cfPkl5 ptm ljifodf cg'udg ubf{ dfcf]jfbLx?n] pSt ljBfnodf Ps /ft cf>o lnO{ a;L txfFaf6 x6]sf] kfOof] .

73. sf/fuf/, lg/LIf0f tyf cg'udg ;+v'jf;ef

@)^# ÷^÷@(–&÷&

sf/fuf/df o; sfof{noaf6 ul/Psf] l;kmfl/; tyf ;'emfjdf s]xL a'bfx?df ;'wf/ ePsf] ePklg p8'; plkofsf] nflu cf}ifwL 5s]{tfklg ;f] ;d:of oyfjt g} /x]sf] kfOof] .

74. lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, vfbjf/Lsf] k|x/L lx/f;tsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷^÷@(–&÷&

kfgLsf] ;d:of /x]sf]n] y'g'jfx?sf] nflu k|x/L lx/f;t sIf lg/ kfgLsf] nfO{{g h8fg gePsf], lx/f;t sIf k|x/L sfof{no glhs g} ePsf] / lx/f;t sIf a9L km/flsnf] gePsf]n] lx/f;t sIf km/flsnf] agfpg tyf Go"gtd Ifdtfsf] y'g'jf tyf aGbLx? /fVg ;lsg] lsl;dsf] lx/f;t sIf x'g' kg]{df Ifdtf g} gtf]lsPsf] kfOof] . slxn}sfxL xb eGbf a9L y'g'jf cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf /fVg ;lsg] cj:yf x'g] u/]sf]n] o; ljifodf ;d:of x'g] u/]sf] .

75. afn clwsf/ cg'udg , ;'g;/L lhNnf

@)^# ÷*÷!–*÷&

åGåsf] ;dodf x'g] u/]sf] afnxTof, cu+eu, ljBfnodf cfs|d0f, afnaflnsf lj?4 cGo uDeL/ k|s[ltsf lx+;fx? ljutsf] t'nfgfdf Go"gLs/0f ePsf], dfcf]jfbLn] afnaflnsfnfO{{{ cfkmgf] kf6L{df nfUg ljleGg k|nf]eg b]vfO{ cfkmgf ultljlw h:t} ;}Go b:tf / cGo ;+u7gx?df k|of]udf nfg] u/]sf] kfOof]]. afnaflnsfsf] of}g zf]if0f nufot cGo 36gfx?df sfg"g sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfox?x?n] tbf?stf gb]vfOPsf] / hGd btf{ ;DaGwdf ;r]t gePsf] .

76. df]/Ësf], bfgfjf/L l:yt g]skf dfcf]jfbL hgd'ltm ;]gfsf] ;]6]nfO{{{6 SofDksf] cg'udg

@)^#÷*÷@& –@(

s]xL afnaflnsfx?nfO{{{ ;f+:s[lts sfo{{s|dsf] nflu lzlj/ leq /flvPsf] kfOof] .

77. Onfdsf] r'nfr'nL l:yt g]skf dfcf]jfbL hgd'ltm ;]gfsf] d'Vo lzlj/sf] cg'udg

@)^#÷*÷@& –@(

s]xL afnaflnsfx?nfO{{{ ;f+:s[lts sfo{{s|dsf] nflu lzlj/ leq /flvPsf] kfOof] .

78. pbok'/ lhNnf, a]n;'tdf /x]sf] hgd'ltm ;]gfsf] ;]6]nfO{{{6 lzlj/ cg'udg

@)^#÷(÷*–( !!)) hgd'ltm ;]gf dWo] #) k|ltzt dlxnf / ;f] dWo] s]xL dflxnf hgd'ltm ;]gfx? ue{jtL /x]sf]df ltlgx?sf] :jf:yo cj:yf / pkrf/sf] s'g} Joj:yf g/x]sf] / lzlj/ leq !* jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsfx? /x]sf] kfOof] .


68

79. ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfdf cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?sf] l:ylt cg'udg

@)^# ÷ !)÷ !$ – !^

! ;o #* lj:yflkt;DaGwL ph'/Lx¿ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, ;+v'jf;efdf btf{ /x]sf]df ptm ph'/Lx¿dfly 5fgjLg sfo{{ hf/L /x]sf] kfOof] . lj:yflkt elgPsf JolStx¿dWo] sltko lhNnf ;b/d'sfd, lj/f6gu/, sf7df08f} / b]z aflx/;d]t uPsf] kfOof] . g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] lhNnf g]t[Tjn] kf6L{sf] sf/0f sf]xL klg lj:yflkt gePsf], pgLx¿ cfkm\g} sf/0fn] lj:yflkt ePsf] elgP klg pgLx¿nfO{{{ kmsf{pg] ;DaGwdf 5nkmn x''bf clxn] klg kmsf{pg tof/ gePsf] kfOof] . lj:yflkt elgPsf JolStx¿dWo] Psy/L cfkm} 8/fP/ lxF8]sf, csf]{y/L ck/fwdf ;+nUg /x]sf] egfO g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] /x]sf]

80. lj/f]w k|bz{g, ;ef h'n'; cg'udg Og?jf, ;'g;/L

@)^#÷!)÷% hgclwsf/ kmf]/dåf/f ;'g;/Lsf] Og?jfdf zflGtk'0f{ h'n'; k|b{zg ePsf]

81. nxfgsf] 36gfsf] cg''udg @)^#÷!)÷!@ –!%

@)^#÷!)÷% ut] g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{{stf{jLr kmf]/dsf sfo{{stf{n] u/]sf] aGb cj1f ug]{ qmddf ePsf] ljjfbdf dfcf]jfbL sfo{{stf{n] rnfPsf] uf]nLaf6 /d]z dxtf]sf] d[To'ePsf] ePsf], ;f]kl5 k|b{zgsf/Lx?n] dfcf]jfbLsf lzof/fd 7fs'/ / clgn ;fxnfO{ sf/jfxLsf] nflu Onfsf k|x/L sfof{no nxfg a'emfPsf], pQm 36gfsf] cg';Gwfgsf] nflu vl6Psf] g]kfn l:yt ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/sf] pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{nosf] lj/f6gu/sf] uf8Ldfly kmf]/dsf sfo{{stfn] 9'Ëf d'9f u/]s]f, dfcf]jfbLsf] Ps ;d"xn] kmf]/dsf sfo{{st{fx?nfO{ s'6lk6 u/L s]xLnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ d[tssf] nfz cfkm};Fu nuL d[tssf bfh'nfO{ g]kfnL sfUfhdf d'r'Nsf u/fO{ ldlt @)^#÷!)÷& ut] nf; a'emfPsf] / d[tssf] bfx;+:sf/ ePsf], d[tssf] bfO{nfO{ kl5 c? ;xof]u ug]{ egL cfZjf;g lbO{ ? @%))). ls|of vr{ lbPsf], k|x/L k|zf;gsf] ldn]dtf]df za nluPsf] egL lj/f]wdf kmf]/dsf pt]lht sfo{{stf{x?n] ljleGg !% sfof{nox?df cfuhgL tyf tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf] . k|b{zgsf/L / k|x/L jLr ePsf] em8ksf] s|ddf k|x/Lsf] nf7L rfh{af6 !% hgfnfO{ 6fpsf], sfwdf, v'§fdf rf]6k6s nfuL 3fOt] ePsf] / lghx? nxfg c:ktfnaf6 pkrf/ kZrft\ 3/ kms]{sf] c:ktfnsf] /]s{8 / lrlsT;s;+usf] 5nkmnaf6 hgsf/L k|fKt ePsf], ;'/IffsdL{x? rnfPsf] uf]nLaf6 $ hgfsf] d[To'ePsf] / s/La $) sf] ;+Vofdf k|bz{gsf/Lx? 3fOt] ePsf], &÷* ut]sf lbg ;'/IffsdL{x? nxfg gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+ #÷$ s'zjfxf 6f]nsf 3/x?df k|j]z u/L kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?nfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf] . s'6lk6sf] s|ddf s]xL ;/;dfg tf]8km]f8 / ljleGg


69

lsl;dsf ckzAb ufnL unf}h ul/Psf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] .

82. ;ef,h'n'; k|b{zg cg'udg , l;/xf

@)^#÷!)÷!@ –!%

l;/xfsf] df8/ / nfxfgdf hf/L x'g] u/]sf h'n'; / ;ef zflGtk'0f{ ePsf]

83. dw]zL xs clwsf/sf] dfu ub]{ u/]sf] lj/f]w k|bz{g, ;ef h';'; cg'udg, df]/Ë, lj/f6gu/

@)^#÷!)÷!^

lj/f6gu/sf] ldN; Pl/of e6L rf}sdf k|b{zgsf/L / k|b{zgnfO{ /f]Sg] ;d"xjLr ePsf] em8kdf #! jifL{o /fd]Zj/ sfdtsf] d[To' ePsf] / l/S;f rfns b'vL ofbj uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf] . ;f]xL lbg 36gf lbp;f] !M#) ah] b]lv clglZrsflng skm{o" nufPsf] .

84. lj/f]w k|bz{g, ;ef h'n';sf] cg'udg lj/f6gu/

@)^#÷!)÷!&

lj/f6gu/sf] k'iknfn rf]saf6 k|bz{gsf/Lx?n] sˆo'{sf] cj1f ug]{ s|ddf k|x/L;Fusf] em8kdf @) hgf k|b{zgsf/L / s]xL ;'/IffsdL{ 3fOt] ePsf], xltof/wf/L k|bz{gsf/Låf/f :yfgLo jfl;GbfnfO{ wDSofpg] sfd ePsf], Ps lghL s'v'/f kmfd{af6 # ;o %) j6f s'v'/f n'l6Psf], df]/ªsf] a}hgfyk'/ uflj;jf8{ g+= $ / % df kg]{ l3gf3f6 6f]ndf k|bz{gsf/LnfO{ nv]6\g] qmddf :yfgLo afl;Gbfdfly k|x/Ln] 3/sf] 6f6L eTsfPsf], 9f]sf km'6fPsf], k;nsf] ;f]s]; / ;fdfgdf Iflt k'¥ofPsf] / dw]zLd"nsf] dflg;nfO{ 8]/f lbPsf] lgx'Fdf 3/wgLnfO{ xftkft u/]sf] . skm\o'{sf] ;dodf ef/tLo l;df hf]udgL gfsfaf6 lj/f6gu/ k|j]z ug]{ sl/a * ;o ofq'nfO{ :yfgLo k|zf;g;Fu cfof]usf] kxndf ;dGjo u/L ;s'zn uGtJo tkm{ k7fPsf] .

85. lj/f]w k|bz{g cg'udg ;'g;/L , Og?jf

@)^#÷!)÷!* ;'g;/Lsf] Og?jfdf lj/f]w k|b{zgsf] s|ddf pt]lht eL8n] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, ljB't k|flws/0f, cGt z'Ns , s[lif ljsfz j}sdf cfuhgL u/]kZrft k|x/Ln] rnfPsf] uf]nLaf6 jlaof *, ;'g;/Lsf Zofd:j?k d]xtfsf] Og?jf c:ktfndf / Og?jf * sf xl/d]xtfsf] pkrf/sf] qmddf w/fg l:yt c:ktfndf d[To'ePsf] / ;f] 36gfdf $) hgf k|bz{gsf/Lx? 3fOt] ePsf]df ^ hgfsf] l:ylt uDeL/ /x]sf]n] w/fg c:ktfndf k7fOPsf] . ;f] 36gfdf * hgf k|x/L 3fOt] ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf] .


70

86. lj:yflkt ;DaGwdf s6x/L, df]/Ë cg''udg

@)^#÷!)÷!* ufpFdf hftLo ljå]if JofKt ePkl5 s6x/L ahf/ j8f g+= % sf # kl/jf/ -eLd axfb'/ >]i7, xs{ axfb'/ a/fn / OGb| zdf{_ sf @$ ;b:o kmf]/dsf sfo{{stf{n] wDsL lbPsf] egL 3/ 5f]8L lj:yflkt ePsf] hfgsf/L k|fKt x'g cfPsf]

87. lj/f]w k|bz{g, ;ef h'n';sf] cg'udg, df]/Ë lj/f6gu/

@)^#÷!)÷@!–

;b\efj ¥ofnLsf] ;dfrf/ ;ª\sng ug{ uPsf kqsf/x? lj/f6gu/df kmf]/dsf sfo{{stf{x?n] cfkm\gf] kIfaf6 ePsf] cl3Nnf] lbgsf] k|bz{gsf] s'g} ;~rf/ dfWoddf g5flkPsf] sf/0f b]vfpFb} lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsfsf] pQ/kl6\6 kg]{ 6+sLl;gjf/L uflj;sf] afF;af/L eGg] :yfgdf % kqsf/x? dfly kmf]/dsf sfo{{stf{x?n] afF;sf ef6f / ;fOsnsf 6fo/sf] k|of]u u/L s'6lk6 u/]sf] kfOof]

88. lj/f]w k|b{zg{ cg'udg , lj/f6gu/

@)^#÷!)÷@! ;'/Iffsf] dfu ub}{ lj/f]wdf plqPsf PDa'n]G; rfnsx?;Fu k|zf;gn] cfjZos ;'/Iff lbg] ;DaGwdf jftf{ ug{ rf;f] gb]vfPsf] egL PDa'n]G; rfnsx?sf] h'n'; ;fO/g ahfpFb} / x]8 nfO6 afNb} gu/ kl/qmddf u/]sf kfOof]] . #* PDa'n]G; rfnsx? ;xefuL ePsf lyP . zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf] kfOof]] .

89. lj/f]w k|bz{g, ;ef h';'; cg'udg tyf gLl/If0f lj/f6gu/, df]/Ë

@)^#÷!)÷@@

@)^#÷!)÷@! ut] % kqsf/x? lkl6Psf] lj/f]wdf ljxfg * ah] g]kfn kqsf/ dxf;+3sf] cfof]hgfdf kqsf/x?sf] lj/f]w h'n';n] gu/sf s]xL If]qsf] kl/qmddf u/L 6«flkms rf}sdf sf]0f;ef u/]sf] lyof] .

90. ¥ofnL cg'udg tyf gLl/If0f, df]/Í lj/f6gu/

@)^#÷!!÷!#

hg clwsf/ kmf]/dåf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] df]6/ ;fO{sn ¥ofnL zflGtk"0f{ ?kdf ePsf] kfOof] .

91. h'n';n] tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf], lj/f6gu/, df]/Ë , cg'udg

@)^#÷!!÷*

/fhf 1fg]Gb|n] lbPsf] jStJosf] lj/f]wdf g]skf dfcf]jfbLåf/f cfof]hgf u/]sf] h'n';n] lj/f6gu/ l:yt /fhf dx]Gb|sf] zflns ldlt @)^#÷!!÷* ut]sf lbg tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf] / /f]8z]if rf]sl:yt k~rfot :tDedf /x]sf] >Lk]r klg eTsfPsf] kfOof]] . aGr/f], xyf}8L, nf7L h:tf xltof/ k|of]u ub]{} zflns tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf] .

92. lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no df]/ªdf /fv]sf]df aGbLx?sf] l:yltsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷!!÷@% @)^#÷!!÷@$ ut] !# hgfnfO{ lj/f6gu/af6 / af;jf8Laf6 o;}u/L % hgfnfO{ lj/f6gu/sf] ;gL dGbL/ / cf;kf;sf] If]qaf6 lgoGq0fdf lnPsf], lgoGq0fdf lng] s|ddf / uf8Ldf /flv;s]kl5 klg ;'/IffsdL{n] lgoGq0fdf lnPsf JolQmnfO{ lk6]sf] s'/f aGbLx?sf] z/L/df b]lvPsf] nfl7sf] lgn 8fdaf6 b]lvof], lx/f;t leq /fVbf oftgf glbPsf] t/ ckzAb k|of]u u/L ufnL ug]{ u/]sf] kfOof] .

93. ;ef h'n; k|b{zg cg'udg , lj/f6gu/, df]/Ë .

@)^#÷!!÷@^ h'n'; nf]stflGqs rf]saf6 ;'? eP/ ahf/ kl/s|dfu/L k'g ;f]xL 7fFpdf cfP/ sf]0f;efdf kl/0ft ePsf] lyof]] . cg'udgsf] s|ddf ;f] h'n'; tyf sf]0f;ef


71

zflGtk'0f{ ?kdf ;DkGg ePsf]

94. ;du| dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf, ;Kt/L

@)^#÷!@÷@# –@&

;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"tL g/x]sf], lbgx' Joltm ckx/0f / rGbfsf] 36\gf e}/x]sf] / k|foh;f] ;/sf/L sfof{nodf tfnf nfu]sf] cj:yf /x]sf], t/fO{ hgtflGqs ;d'xaf6 ckx/0f ul/Psf k|fo h;f] kxf8L d'nsf JolQmx? lkm/f}tL lbP kZrft dfq l/xf x'g] u/]sf] / /fhgLlts bn ;'/Iff lgsfo / gful/s ;dfh jLr ;xsfo{{ / ;Djfbsf] cefj /x]sf] kfOof] .

95. dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg, pbok'/ .

@)^#÷!@÷@# –@)^#÷!@÷@&

zflGt ;'/Iffsf] k"0f{ k|Tofe"lt geP klg ;fk]lIfs ?kdf zfGt /x]sf], zflGt ;'/Iffsf kf]i6x? ;a} k'gM :yflkt e};s]sf], lhNnfdf u}/;/sf/L ;+3;:yfx? jLr ;xsfo{{ / ;dGjo /x]sf] kfOPtf klg /fhgLlts bnx? jLr ;xsfo{{ / ;Djfbsf] cefj, g]skf dfcf]jfbL ckx/0fdf k/]sf Joltmx? w]/} h;f] d'tm eO;s]sf] / sAhf ul/Psf ;Dklt lkmtf{ e};s]sf] eP klg k"0f{ ?kdf ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt gePsf] sf/0f kLl8tx? 3/ kms{g ;'lgZrt gePsf] b]lvof] .

96. sf/fuf/ zfvf, pbok'/ cg''udg k|ltj]bg

@)^#÷!@÷@^ s}bL aGbLx?dWo] @ hgf bdsf] /f]uL / @ hgf 5f/] /f]uL /x]sf], sf/fuf/sf] ejg lh0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] , jiff{df 5t r'lxg] u/]sf], lrlsT;ssf] b/aGbL gePsf] , aGbL tyf s}bLåf/f pTkflbt a:t'x?sf] plrt ahf/ Joj:yf gePsf], sf/fuf/df lzIfssf] b/jGbL gePsf] sf/0f sf]xL s}bL aGbLnfO{ k9\g cKof/f] ePsf], p8';, ls/f, km6\ªu|ffn] ubf{ ;'Tg a:g lgs} cK7of/f] ePsf] / cf}ifwL 5bf{ klg p8'; dR58sf] ;d:of /x]sf] .

97. ;z:q åGådf afn clwsf/ ljifodf s]lGbLt cg'udg \ cf]vn9'ªuf

@)^$ ÷!÷!) –!(

;z:q åGåsf] cjlwdf ;'/Iff sdL{x?åf/f !! hgf afnaflnsfx?sf] xTof ul/Psf], b'O{ hgf afnaflnsfx?sf] jnfTsf/ kl5 xTof ul/Psf], cfTd ;d{k0f u/]sf] afns ;d]tnfO{ ;'/Iff kmf}hn] ;"rgfbftfsfsf] ?kdf k|of]u u/]sf] / P;=Pn=l;= kl/Iff lbg ;b/d'sfddf cfPsf % hgf ljBfyL{x?nfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnO{ oftgf lbPsf] hfgsf/L kfOof] . åGåsf ;dodf sfo{{qmddf ;xefuL u/fpg sAhfdf lng], /fhg}lts ultljwLdf ;+nUg u/fpg] u/]sf], ljBfno xftfleq} cfˆgf lqmofsnfkx? ug]{ u/]sf], lj:yflktx?;Fu} afnaflnsfx? klg lj:yflkt x'g'k/]sf], åGb ;dflKt kZrft l:ylt ;fdfGo eO{ ;+/If0f ;DaGwL clwsf/x?sf] pkef]udf ;'wf/ ePsf] ePtf klg afnaflnsfx?sf] ljsf;, lzIff tyf :jf:Yo nufotsf clwsf/x?sf] cj:yf bogLo /x]sf] kfOof]] . cfly{s :t/ sdhf]/ ePsf blnt tyf


72

hghflt ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfx? ;b/d'sfdsf xf]6n tyf 3/x?df 7"nf] ;+Vofdf afn >ldssf] ?kdf sfo{{ ul//x]sf] tyf ;8s lgdf{0fdf / oftfoft dhb'/ e} sfo{{ ul//x]sf kfOof] . ul/jL tyf clzIffsf] sf/0f o:tf ;d'bfosf afnaflnsfx? cWoog ug{af6 jl~rt ePsf] ;d]t kfOof] . afnaflnsfx?sf] Jojl:yt tYofÍ lhNnf l:yt s'g} klg ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfo;Fu g/x]sf] kfOof] .

98. k|]; :jtGqtf / ;~rf/sdL{x?sf] dfgjclwsf/ cj:yf cgudg, wgs''6f

@)^$÷!÷#)–!÷ #!

;~rf/sdL{sf] l:ylt / k|]; :jtGqtfsf] cj:yf ljutsf] t'ngfdf v's'nf] /x]sf] eP klg ljleGg kIfaf6 kqsf/x?dfly wDsL cfpg] qmd g/f]lsPsf] / ;dfrf/nfO{ k|efljt kfg{ ;Da4 kIfx?n] ljleGg k|of; ug]{ u/]sf] kfOof] .

99. s}bL tyf aGbLx?n] cfkm\gf] dfu /fVb} lg/Gt/ ?kdf a;]sf] cg;gsf] cg'udg tyf gLl/If0f ;Kt/L, /fhlj/fh

@)^$÷@÷(

cfd dfkmL / s}bL aGbLx?sf] ;'ljwf tyf sf/fuf/ ;'wf/ h:tf ljifodf cg;g a;]]sf], k|zf;gaf6 ;fdfwfg x'g ;Sg] lsl;dsf sf/fuf/ leq b]lvPsf ;d:ofsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fOPsf], sf/fuf/ Joj:yf xfn ;'l3|Psf] tyf Jojl:yt ePsf] kfOof] .

100. zlgjf/ emfkf lhNnfsf] ljtf{df]8df lr¶fsf] sf/0fn] ljjfb pTkGg eO{ k|x/L / ;j{;fw/0f jLr em8k ePsf] 36gfsf] cg'udg / cg';Gwfg

@)^$÷#÷$–%

@)^$ c;f/ @ ut] emfkf lhNnfsf] ljtf{df]8df lr¶fsf] sf/0fn] ljjfb pTkGg eO{ k|x/L / ;j{;fw/0f jLr em8k eO{ k|x/Ln] rnfPsf] uf]lnaf6 Ps !% jifL{o afnssf] d[To' ePsf], 3fOt] ePsf b'O{hgfsf] - led yfkf / ljsf; s]af6sf]_ cj:yf uDeL/ /x]sf] k|x/L / ;j{;fw/0f ;d]t u/L bh{gf} JolQmx? 3fOt] ePsf] / ef}lts Iflt ;d]t ePsf] kfOof] . l:ytL lgoGq0f ug{ k|zf;gn] sˆo'{ ;d]t nufPsf] .

101. t/fO{ hgtflGqs d'ltm df]rf{ ;d'xåf/f ;Dklt sHhf ul/Psf] elgPsf] ljifodf cg'udg

@)^$÷#÷# dx]Gb| dfWoflds ljBfno / cfb{z dfWoflds ljBfnosf df]/ª lhNnf ;f]/fefu uflj;j8f g+=& af?bxdf /x]sf] hUuf hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'SQmL df]rf{ - Hjfnfl;x_ af6 em08f uf8L sAhf ul/Psf]df ljBfnossf lzIfs, OG;]s k|ltlglw, kqsf/ nufotsf] ;+o'St 6f]nL To; 7fFpdf uO{ sAhf ul/Psf] ;Dkltsf] ljifodf Jofks ubf{ Hjfnfl;x+sf sfo{{stf{n] xfdLn] sAhf ul/Psf] ePtfklg kl5 ;xdlt ePkl5 ;Dklt lkmtf{ ul/g] eg] hfgsf/L x'g cfPsf] .

102. dfgj clwsf/ cg'udg l:ylt l;/xf / ;Kt/L

@)^$÷)#÷!# – !%

l;/xf / ;Kt/L lhNnfsf d'Vo ahf/ / ;b/d'sfd, oftfoft nfdf] ;do b]lv aGb /x]s]f sf/0f hLjg si6s/ ag]sf] b]lvof] . vf;u/L oL lhNnfx? hgtflGqs Hjfnf / uf]O{t ;d"xn] ckx/0f ug]{ , rGbf p7fpg] , wDsL lbg], lkm/f}tL lng] h:tf lgoldt 36gfx? x'g'af6 ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hLjg qf;do /x]sf], ;'/IffsdL{x? kl/rfng ePklg gful/sx?n] zflGt ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt dx;'z gu/]sf] kfOof] .


73

103. af9LkLl8t ljifodf cg'udg, l;/xf, ;'g;/L / ;Kt/L

@)^$÷#÷!# –!%

;'g;/Lsf & uflj; ;Kt/Lsf !@ uflj; / l;/xfsf !% uflj;df jiff{ tyf af9Lsf] k|efj a9L k/]sf] , ;'g;/L, l;/xf / ;Kt/L lhNnfx?sf af9L k|efljt ljleGg If]qsf] :ynut lg/LIf0f ubf{ w]/} ufpFx? 8'afgdf k/]sf t/ cfjZos Go'gtd /fxt pknAw x'g g;s]sf], pknAw /fxt ;fdu|Lx? klg jf:tljs kLl8t;dIf k'Ug g;s]sf], p2f/ sfo{{df lhNnf:t/df /fhgLlts bnx?sf] plrt ;xof]u / ;dGjosf] cefj /x]sf], gful/s ;dfh / k|zf;gaLr ;+jfbxLgtfsf] l:ylt /x]sf] kfOof] .

104. lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg, ef]hk'/ .

@)^$÷)#÷@& –)$÷!#

g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ af6 ljutdf sAhf ul/Psf s]xL Joltm tyf ;+:yfsf] hUuf lkmtf{ gePsf] , 5q axfb'/ /fO{nfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_n] :yfgLo Ps JolQmnfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] cf/f]kdf sAhfdf lnO{ kl5 #)))). -lt; xhf/_ lnO{ d'St u/]sf], To:t} sf]6 uflj; j8f g+=* sL ljgf >]i7nfO{ ldlt )^#.%.@@ df ckx/0f u/L s]xL ;dokl5 d'St ul/lbPsf] b]lvPsf] .

If]qLo sfof{no wgu9L

105. 8f]6L lhNnfdf ;z:q åGåsf sf/0fn] ;[lht cfGtl/s lj:yfkg ;DaGwL cg'udg u/]sf] .

@)^#÷)$÷@@ –)%÷)!

;z:q åGåaf6 kLl8t eO{ cfkm\gf] 3/ af; 5f]8L lhNnf ;b/d'sfd nufot cGo ;'/lIft :yfgdf a;]sf lj:yflktx?sf] b}lgs hLjg si6s/ ?kdf u'lh|/x]sf], vfg] a:g], ;'Tg], afn aRrfsf] x]/rfx k9fO{ ;d]tdf c;/ k/]sf] / ckof{Kt /x]sf], xfn a;]sf] :yfgdf klg pgLx?n] ;'/lIft dxz'; ug{ gkfPsf]

106. 8f]6Lsf] l;nu9Ll:yt z}n]Zj/L nufotsf dlGb/x?df blntx¿nfO{ k|j]z ug{ glbO{ e]befj u/]sf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷%÷#! –^÷%

8f]6Lsf] l;nu9L l:yt z}n]Zj/Lsf] dlGb/df dflyNnf] hflt elgPsfn] dfq dlGb/ leq k;L k'hfcfhf ug]{ u/]sf]df To; avt blntx?n] klg leq} uO{ k'hf ug{ vf]h]sf] t/ u}/ blnt :yfgLo af;Lx?n] ;f] sfo{{ :jLsf/ gu/]sf]n] b'O{kIf aLr em8k ePsf], em8ksf] a]nf :yfgLo k|zf;gn] ;'/Iff lbg g;s]sf], s]xL blntx? s'l6Psf, kl5 b'j}kIf / k|zf;g ;d]t a;L ldnfkq e} ljjfb 6+'+luPsf] kfOof] .

107. s~rgk'/df ;z:q åGå / afnaflnsfsf] l:yltsf] cg'udg ul/Psf] .

@)^#÷^÷! –* ;z:q åGåaf6 w]/} afnaflnsf kLl8t ePsf, s]xLsf] Hofg uPsf], s]xL afnaflnsf cËeË e} a:g' k/]sf] , kLl8t afnaflnsfsf] nflu plrt Joj:yf x'g;s]sf] kfOof] . lj:yflkt kl/jf/sf afnaflnsf vfg kfg lzIff lbIffsf] cj;/af6 jl~rt x'g' k/]sf] kfOof] .

108. s}nfnL lhNnfdf g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] sAhf u/L lj:yfkLt agfPsf $% 3/ kl/jf/sf] 3/ hUuf lkmtf{ ul/Psf] elgPsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)^÷@^ –)&÷)$

g]skfdfcf]jfbLx?n] ;j{;fwf/0fsf 3/ hUuf sAhf u/]sf]df zflGt ;Demf}tf kZrft s}nfnL / sGrgk'/ lhNnfsf u/L $% JolQmsf] 3/ hUuf km's'jfsf] 3f]if0ffu/]kl5 ;f] 3f]if0ffsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf a'em\bf :yfgLo :t/df pQm 3f]if0ff cg';f/ jf:tljs ;Dklt wgLn] cfkm\gf] 3/ hUuf pkef]u ug{ gkfPsf], :yfgLo dfcf]jfbL sfo{{stf{ Pj+ hUuf sdfpg] JolQmx?n] hUuf


74

ef]u ug{ glbPsf] kfOof]] .

109. lxSdt v8\sfnfO{ ckx/0f u/L ef}lts sf/afxL ug]{ wDsL lbPsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/]sf] .

@)^#÷)^÷!% –!*

ldlt @)^#÷)^÷!@ df g]=s=kf dfcf]jfbLn] :yfgLo Ps JolQmnfO{ 5'/f k|of]u u/]sf] cf/f]kdf lhNnf s}nfnL 6Lsfk'/ gu/kflnsf jf8{ g+=( aNs g+= !! a:g] lxSdt v8\sfnfO{ ckx/0f u/L ef}lts sfjf{xL ug]{ wDsL lbPsf] ;DaGwdf lgh v8\sfnfO{ cfof]usf] 6f]nL ;d]tsf] k|of;kl5 ckx/0f d'Qm ul/lbPsf] / xfn lgh v8\sf cfkm\g} 3/df :jtGq k'j{s j:g] u/]sf] a'lemPsf] .

110. a}t8L lhNnfdf z;:q åGådf k/]sf afnaflnsfx?sf] l:ylt, lzIffsf] clwsf/ ljifodf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)*÷!! –@)

a}t8L lhNnfdf dfcf]jfbL kIfaf6 Ps tlkm{ 8«]; nufpg'kg]{ gnufP 9'+uf af]Sg'kg]{, ljBfnosf ljBfyL{ / lzIfsx?n] dfcf]jfbLsf] k|lzIf0f cleofg, rGbf, n]jL, clgjfo{ 8«]z, OR5f ljk/Lt ;+u7gdf cfj4tf, ljBfno xftfleq} ;}lgs tflnd, aÍ/ vgfpg] cflb sfo{{n] ubf{ x}/fgL Joxf]g'{ k/]sf] / :jtGq k"j{s k7g–kf7gdf ;d]t cj/f]w k'¥ofPsf] kfOof]] . åGådf cleefjs u'dfPsf, lj:yflkt ePsf tyf cfly{s ?kn] lk5l8Psf afnaflnsfx?n] afn clwsf/sf] pkef]u ug]{ cj;/af6 al~rt x'g'k/]sf] .

111. lhNnf sf/fuf/ a}t8Ldf cg'udg tyf cjnf]sg

@)^#÷)*÷!% sf/fuf/sf] cj:yf ;fdfGo /x]sf], aGbLn] kfpg'kg]{;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwfx? gePtfklg ;Lkd"ns sfo{{x?sf]nflu tflnd lbO{ un}rf 6f]kL a'Gg] d]lzgx? pknAw u/fOPsf], Ifdtf cg';f/ aGbLx? /flvPsf] kfOof]] . ;+rf/ ;'ljwfsf] cefj / aflx/L lhNnfsf aGbL s}bLx?nfO{ cfkm\gf] kfos kg]{ lhNnf sf/fuf/df k7fpg ul/Psf] cg'/f]wnfO{ gdfg]sf] eGg] u'gf;f] eg] cfPsf] lyof] .

112. a}t8L lhNnfdf lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] sfo{Gjog ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg .

@)^#÷)*÷!! –@*

zflGt ;Defm}tf k"0f{ ?kdf sfo{fGjog gePsf], dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;j{;fwf/0f JolQmx?nfO{ ckx/0f ug]{ s'6lk6 ug]{ wDSofpg] sfo{{ hf/L /fv]sf], lj:yflktx? cem} klg 3/ kms{g] jftfj/0f gePsf] .

113. s}nfnL lhNnfdf lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] sfo{Gjog ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg .

@)^#÷!)÷@@ –!!÷@

zflGt ;Defm}tf k"0f{ ?kdf sfof{Gjog gePsf], dfcf]jfbLx?n] ;j{;fwf/0f JolQmx?nfO{ ckx/0f ug]{ s'6lk6 ug]{ wDSofpg] sfo{{ hf/L /fv]sf], lj:yflktx? cem} klg 3/ kms{g] jftfj/0f gePsf] kfOof] . lj:yflktsf 3/ hUuf s]xL JolQmx?sf] lkmtf{ u/]sf] 3f]if0ff u/]tfklg ;f] 3f]if0ff :yfgLo :t/df sfo{{Gjog gePsf] kfOof] .

114. s}nfnL lhNnfdf cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df cfof]udf k/]sf ph'/Lx?sf] af/]df :yfgLo :t/df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷!)÷@@ –!!÷@

g]skfdfcf]jfbLx?n] ;j{;fwf/0fsf 3/ hUuf sAhf u/]sf]df zflGt ;Demf}tf kZrft s}nfnL / sGrgk'/ lhNnfsf u/L $% JolQmsf] 3/ hUuf km's'jfsf] 3f]if0ff u/]kl5 ;f] 3f]if0ffsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf a'em\g o; sfof{noaf6 Ps 6f]nL uO{ a'em\bf :yfgLo


75

:t/df pQm 3f]if0ff eP adf]lhd jf:tljs :jfdLx?n] cfkm\gf] 3/ hUuf pkef]u ug{ gkfPsf], :yfgLo dfcf]jfbL sfo{{stf{ Pj+ hUuf sdfpg] JolQmx?n] hUuf ef]u ug{ glbPsf] kfOof]] .

115. afh'/fdf lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yfsf] af/]df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷!)÷@@ –!!÷@@

Dffcf]jfbLx?n] cufl8 b]lv p7fpg] u/]sf] rGbf sfod} /fv]sf], dfcf]jfbL sfo{{stf{ / cGo /fhgLlts kf6L{sf sfo{{stf{x? jLrdf j}dg:otf b]lvPsf], hgcbfnt sfod} /x]sf], lj:yflktx? ;a} 3/ kms{g g;s]sf], ckx/0fsf sfo{{x? l56k'6 ?kdf dfcf]jfbLaf6 e}/x]sf], lzIfsx?nfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] cfkm\gf] sfo{{qmdx?df hjh{:tL ;xefuL u/fpg] u/]sf], :yfgLo k|zf;lgs lgsfo{x?df klg dfcf]jfbLsf] bjfj lbg] u/]sf] .

116. c5fddf åGåsfndf ePsf] afnclwsf/sf] pNn+3gsf 36gfx? Pj+ afnclwsf/sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] af/]df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷!@÷!( –@&

c5fd lhNnfdf o; cfof]uaf6 ut >fj0f dlxgfdf afn clwsf/ cg'udg ubf{ afn dhb'/x? /x]sf], ;b/d'sfdsf xf]6]n k;nx?df afnaflnsfnfO{ sfddf k|of]u ul/Psf], åGå k|efljt afnaflnsfnfO{ plrt k'g:yf{kg x'g g;s]sf], lhNnfdf afn u[xx? gePsf], vfg nfpg / lzIffsf] clwsf/ ;d]taf6 w]/} afnaflnsf al~rt /x]sf kfOof]] . o; If]qdf /x]sf] sdn/L k|yfn] cem} lg/Gt/tf kfO{ /x]sf]n] afnaflnsfx? kLl8t} e}/x]sf]

117. of]Ë sDo'lgi6 lnusf sfo{{stf{åf/f lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf cfqmd0f tyf s'6lk6 u/]sf] 36gf ;DaGwdf cg'udg ul/Psf] .

@)^$÷@÷# –$ jfO{l;Pn / dfcf]jfbLsf] eft[;+u7g dlxnf ;+3 qmflGtsf/Lsf sfo{{stf{x?n] lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nosf] em\ofn9f]sf tf]8kmf]8 u/L k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L g]q k|;fb zdf{nfO{ s'6lk6 u/]sf], sfof{no leqsf kmlg{r/, uf8L tf]8kmf]8 u/]sf]

118. g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]skfdfcf]jfbL jLr ;DkGg lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf af/]df 8f]6L lhNnfsf s]xL uflj;x?df cg'udg ul/Psf] .

@)^$÷#÷& –!%

/fhgLlts ultljwL ufpF;Dd x'g g;s]sf], dfcf]jfbLsf] 8/n] cGo /fhgLlts bnx? ufpF;Dd k'Ug g;s]sf], /fHosf] kx'Fr ufpF;Dd k'Ug g;s]sf], ;j{;fwf/0f ufpFn]dfly dfcf]jfbLsf] wDsL hf/L /x]sf], rGbf lng] qmd cem} /x]sf], hgcbfntsf] gfpdf dflg; af]nfO{ sAhfdf lnO{ ljleGg b'v lbg], s]/sf/ ug]{ sfo{{ e}/x]sf] kfOof] .

If]qLo sfof{no kf]v/f

119. ;'/Iff lgsfodf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷#÷!% lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, lhNnf k|x/L sfof{no, njgL ;'/Iff kf]i6df ul/Psf] cg'udg

120. a]jfl/;] ad ljikmf]6 ePsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷$÷^ ?kGb]xL lhNnf a'6jn gu/kflnsf j8fg+ ( df a]jfl/;] ad ljikmf]6 ePsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udgaf6 ToxfFsf] cj:yfsf] jf/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

121. dfcf]jfbLn] * hgfnfO{ lgogq0fdf lnPsf] 36gfsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷^÷@( gjnk/f;L lhNnfdf dfcf]jfbLn] @ k|x/L ;lxt * hgfnfO{ lgogq0fdf lnPsf] 36gfsf] cg'udg ul/Psf]


76

122. xltof/ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf cg'udg ul/Psf]

@)^#÷&÷!–$ gjnk/f;L lhNnfdf k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf] xltof/ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf cg'udg ul/Psf]

123. dfcf]jfbLsf] ;xfos lzlj/sf] cg'udg

@)^#÷*÷!(–@) gjnk/f;L lhNnfsf] lzjdlGb/ uflj; * xflQvf]/df /x]sf] dfcf]jfbLsf] ;xfos lzlj/sf] cg'udg ul/Psf] lzlj/sf] ef}lts cj:yfsf] af/]df cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] .

124. dfcf]jfbL ljwfos lrgs s'dL{ ;lxtnfO{ dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dsf sfo{{stf{x?n] ckx/0f u/]sf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg

@)^#÷!)÷@#–@^ dfcf]jfbL ljwfos lrgs s'dL{ ;lxt !# hgfnfO{ dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dsf sfo{{stf{x?n] ckx/0f u/]sf lyP . lghx?nfO{ kmf]/dsf sfo{{stf{x?n] d'Qm u/]sf lyP . pQm ;dodf b'O kIf jLr ePsf] cfGbf]ngsf] klg cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] .

125. gjnk/f;Ldf g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] sAhfdf lnPsf b'O{ ;'/Iff sdL{sf] l/xf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷%÷@ g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ljut tLg lbgb]lv sAhfdf /fv]sf ;'/IffsdL{sf] Ps ;fj{hlgs ;df/f]xdf cfof]usf] 6f]nLnfO{ lhDdf nufPsf]df 6f]nLn] lghx?nfO{ lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{nodf a'emfPsf] lyof]

126. afun'Ë lhnnfdf /x]sf cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?sf] cj:yfaf/] ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷%÷&–!# ;z:q åGåsf] sf/0f sl/j @)) JolQmx? lj:yflkt ePsf], g]kfn /]8qm; ;f];fO6L, :yfgLo nx/] lkkn u|fld0f Snj / lhNnff k|zf;gaf6 s]xL /fxt pknAw u/fPsf] , lj:yflktx?sf] ;Dklt g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] sAhfdf lnPsf] x'Fbf lj:yflktx? 3/ kms{g g;s]sf] kfOof] .

127. slknj:t' lhNnfsf] ky/b}of uflj; j8f g+=@ dogf/Ldf g]skf dfcf]jfbL / k|ltsf/ ;ldltaLr ePsf] em8ksf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷^÷#–$ ky/b}of uflj; j8f g+=@ df g]skf dfcf]jfblnfO{ vfgf vfg glbPsf] ljifonfO{ lnP/ Ps JOlQmnfO{ dfcf]jfbLn] s'6lk6 u/]kl5 :yfgLo JolQnx?n] k|ltsf/ ul/;s]kl5 dfcf]jfbLn] ;f} :yfgdsfs JolQmx? nfO{ wDSofg] u/]sf] kfOof] . K|ltsf/df plqPsf s]xL JolQmx? Lj:yflkt eP Ef/t uPsf], k|ltsf/df plqpsf s]xL JolQmx? ;'/IfsdL{sf] glhs /x]sf] / g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] cem} klg hgtf;Fu hj{h:tl rGbf p7fpg] u/]sf] kfOof] .

128. g]skf dfcf]jfbL / dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/daLr ?kGb]xLdf kmfu'g !! / !@ ut] ePsf] ljjfbsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷!!÷!$–!& @)^#÷!!÷!! ut] dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] ;ef g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] layf]n]kl5 z'? ePsf] em8kdf dfcf]jfbLsf gf}hgf 3fOt] ePsf] g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] !% j6f 6|ofS6/, %@ hgf JolQm dfcf]jfbLn] sAhfdf lnPsf] !@ ut] kmf]/dsf sfo{{stf{x?n] dfcf]jfbLsf] cf;efnfO{ dflg; lng uPsf] Ps a; / b'O{ df]6/ ;fOsn hnfOolbPsf dr{jf/ If]qdf dfcf]jfbLn] tLg 3/ hnfPsf] kfOof] .


77

129. gjnk/f;L, ?kGb]xL, slkna:t'df dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/dn] cfof]hgf u/]sf] k/f;L aGbsf] cg'udg

@)^#÷!)÷@# pQm aGbdf kmf]/dsf sfo{{stf[x? / g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{{stf{x?jLr ePsf] em8ksf] qmddf dfcf]jfbLsf * hgf sfo{{stf{ 3fOt] ePsf / dfcf]jfbLsf ljwfos lrgs s'dL{ ;d]t !# hgfnfO{ kmf]/dsf sfo{{stf{x?n] sAhfdf lnPsf lyP . cfof]usf] kxndf lghx?nfO{ d'Qm ul/Psf] lyof] .

130. c3f{vfrL lhNnfdf afn clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df u/]sf cg'udg

@)^#÷(÷!@–!% ;'/IffsdL{åf/f xjfO{ cfqmd0f ubf{ uf]nL nfuL Ps afnssf] d[To' ePsf], a]jfl/;] jd lj:kmf]6af6 ! aflnsf 3fOt] ePsf], g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ljBfnox¿df ;fF:s[lts sfo{{qmd u/L ;f]af6 k|efjdf kf/L ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ n}hfg] ul/Psf], lhNnf lzIff sfof{nosf cg';f/ egf{ cleofg cGt{ut cfkm\gf afnaflnsf egf{ ug]{ cleefjsnfO{ ?=%)) k'/:sf/ :j?k lbg] sfo{{qmd ;~rfng ug{ nfu]sf] hfgsf/L kfOPsf], ;/sf/L ljBfno / lghL ljBfno aLr k9fOsf] u'0f:t/df km/s /x]sf], afnaflnsfx¿ 3/fo;L sf/0fn] afn >ldssf] ?kdf sfd ug{ afWo /x]sf], o'4lj/fd cjlwdf lzIfsx¿af6 rGbf ;+sng sfo{{ g/f]lsPsf], afnaflnsfsf] hGdbtf{ tyf afa'cfdfsf] ljjfx btf{ ug]{ sfo{{ lgoldt ul/Psf], t/ hGdbtf{ ug]{ uflj; ;lrjx¿ åGåsf sf/0f uflj; ejgdf a:g g;Sg] ePsf]n] ;b/d'sfd wfpg kg]{ afWotf /x]sf]

131. u'NdL lhNnfdf afn clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df u/]sf cg'udg

;'/IffsdL{n] Ps aflnsfsf] xTof u/]sf], a]jfl/;] ad lj:kmf]6af6 ! afnssf] d[To' tyf cGo # 3fOt] ePsf], g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] lhNnf lzIff sfof{no 3]/fp ug{ egL ljBfno aGb ug{ nufP/ ljBfyL{x¿ nu]sf] / /fhg}lts k|lzIf0f lbgsf nflu ljBfyL{x¿ nfg] u/]sf], ljBfyL{x¿af6 ;xof]uL n]eL eg]/ p7fpg] sfo{{ ul/Psf], afnaflnsfx¿ afn>ldssf ?kdf lhNnfleq jf aflx/ sfd ug{ -xfn g]kfnL ;]gf_ afWo x'g] u/]sf], dfcf]jfbL sfo{{stf{x¿n] lzIfsnfO{ sIff sf]7faf6 lgsfnL ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ Snf; lng] sfo{{ ul/Psf], tTsflng zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfxftxltof/ ;lxt u:tLdf cfPsf avt uflj; ;lrjx¿ åGåsf sf/0f uflj; ejgdf a:g g;Sg] ePsf]n] hGdbtf{ tyf ljjfx btf{ ug{ ;b/d'sfd hfg'kg]{ afWotf /x]sf] kfOof] .

132. sf/fuf/ zfvf gjnk/f;Ldf ul/Psf]

@)^#÷)$÷!) aGbL s}bLsf] cfGbf]ngsf ;DjGwdf cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] .


78

cg'udg

133. slknj:t' lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no, k|x/L sfof{no, njgL ;'/Iff kf]i6df ul/Psf] cg'udg .

@)^#÷)#÷!%–!& To; If]qsf] dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] af/]df cg'udg ul/Psf] .

134. ?kGb]xL lhNnf, a'6jn gu/kflnsf ( l:yt ;fd'bflos ag If]q .

@)^#÷)$÷^ a]jfl/;] ad ljikmf]6g ;DjGwdf cg'udg ul/Psf] .

135. gjnk/f;L lhNnfdf lj:yflkt ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/]sf]

@)^#÷)%÷@^ –^÷ ! gjnk/f;L lhNnfdf lj:yflkt ;DaGwdf cg'udg u/]sf]

136. gjnk/f;L lhNnfdf u/]sf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)^÷@( –#! =dfcf]jfbLn] @ k|x/L ;lxt * hgfnfO{ lgoGq0fdf lnPsf] 36gfsf DjGwdf .

137. Dfcf]jfbL ÷ k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf] ;+emf}tf ;DaGwdf cg'udg

@)^#÷)&÷!–$ Dfcf]jfbL ÷ k|ltsf/ ;ldltsf] ;+emf}tf tyf xltof/ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwdf cg'udg

138. slknj:t' lhNnf s[i0fgu/ If]qdf

@)^#÷)(÷!^ d'lZnd ;d'bfosf dlxnfx?sf] k9fO{sf af/]df hfgsf/L lngsf] nflu .

139. gjnk/f;L lhNnfdf c:yfO{ lzjL/sf] ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] jf/]df ul/Psf] cg'udg

@)^#÷)(÷!& c:yfO{ lzjL/sf] ef}lts ;+/rgfsf] af/]df c?0fvf]nf . ;fy} afn clwsf/ ;DjlGw .

140. slknj:t' @)^# ÷!)÷)^ –& kLl8tsf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf af/]df hfgsf/L lng] sfd ul/ ph"/Lx? lnO{Psf] .

141. gjnk/f;L @)^#÷!)÷)* –)( wDsL Pj+ ;DklQ sAhf

142. gjnk/f;L @)^#÷!)÷@# –@^ ljwfos lrgs s'dL ;lxt !# hgf kmf]/dsf] sAhf @# ut] , dw]zL kmf]/dsf] cfGbf]ng .

143. gjnk/f;L @)^#÷!!÷!$ – !& dfcf]jfbL / kmf]/dsf] emu8f, ;jf/L ;fwgx? sAhfdf lnPsf] 36gfsf jf/]df

144. gjnk/f;L @)^#÷!!÷@@ ljwfos lrgs s'dL ;d]tsf] ;+nUgtfdf d=hg=c=kmf] / dfcf]jfbL jLrdf aftf{

145. slknj:t' lhNnf rGb|f}6f ahf/df

@)^#÷!@÷& cfof]udf k/]sf] 8f=k|sfz kf}8]nsf] kg l:yflkt ;

146. ?kGb]xL / gjnk/f;L lhNnf @)^#÷!@÷& gjnk/f;Ldf dw]zL km]f/d / ?kGb]xLdf lh=k|x/L sfof{nodf .

147. c3f{vfrL lhNnf, l;4f/f uflj;=df

@)^$÷!÷% Dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/]sf] JolQmsf] s+ufn e]l6Psf] 36gfsf ;DjGwdf .

If]qLo sfof{no g]kfnu~h

148. /f]Nkf lhNnfsf sf]6ufpF, sf]rf{jfª / h+sf]6 uflj;=

)^#÷$÷@* b]lv #) ;Dd

;du| dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg

149. /f]Nkf lhNnfsf h+sf]6, 3lt{ufpF, tfnfjfª / cf]t uflj;=

)^#÷%÷@# –@(

;du| dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] cg'udg


79

150. /f]Nkf lhNnfsf lnjfª, 3tL{ufpF, cf]t, lhgfjfª, h'Fuf/, 8'la|ª, e]mgfd tyf ;vL uflj;=

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf cg'udg

151. alb{of lhNnfsf] e]/L c~rn c:kQfndful/Psf] cg'udg

)^#÷!)÷& alb{of lhNnfsf] kftfef/df k'g:yf{lkt ePsf] rf}sLdf dfcf]jfbLx? ;d"xåf/f ePsf] cfqmd0faf6 3fO{t] ePsf k|x/Lx?sf] cj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf e]/Lc~rn c:kQfndf cg'udg ul/Psf] .

152. afFs] @)^#÷!)÷!@ g]kfnu~h 36gfdf d[To' ePsf sdn lul/sf] ;DaGwdf lrxfg If]qsf] cg'udg ul/Psf] .

153. afFs] @)^#÷!)÷!( kqsf/ dxf;+3 afFs]åf/f df3 !( ut]nfO{ sfnf] lbj; lj?4sf] lj/f]w k|b{zgsf] cg'udg

154. afFs] @)^#÷!)÷@! afFs] lhNnfdf gful/stf ljt/0f ;DaGwdf cg'udg ul/Psf] .

155. afFs] @)^#÷!)÷@# /em]gf uflj;df e}/x]sf] gful/stf k|df0fkq ljt/0f sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg

156. afFs] @)^#÷!)÷@# dw];L hgclwsf/ kmf]/dåf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] aGb sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ul/Psf] .

157. afFs] @)^#÷!!÷)^ /fKtL kf/L g/}gfk'/ uflj;df :yfgLo k|x/L rf}sLsf] cj:yf tyf ToxfFsf] zfGtL / ;'/Iffsf] l:ylt tyf gful/stf ljt/0fsf] l:ylt ;DaGwL cg'udg u/]sf]

158. afFs] @)^#÷!!÷!# dw]zL kmf]/d / dfcf]jfbL ljr ldlt @)^#÷!!÷!@ ut] ePsf] em8ksf] sf/0f ahf/df ePsf] ;d:ofsf] sf/0fn] ag]sf] tgfjsf] l:yltsf] cg'udg

159. afFs] @)^#÷!!÷!% dfcf]jfbL g]tf k|r08åf/f ;Djf]wg ul/Psf] ljzfn cfdzefsf] cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] . pQm lbg k'/}gf uflj;df vf]8\x] sf]/L / sf]On] sf]/L u/L @ hgfsf] xTof dfcf]jfbL kIfjf6 ePsf] elgPsf] lyof] .

160. afFs] @)^#÷!!÷@% dw]zL hgclwsfkmf]/d tyf z;:q k|x/L jLr afFs]sf]kfj{tLk'/df eO/x]sf] b]fxf]/f] le8Gtsf] 36gfsf] cg'udg

161. h'Dnf @)^#÷!!÷@^ h'Dnf lhNNffdf lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] cg'udg ul/Psf]

162. afFs] @)^#÷!!÷@& dfgj clwsf/sf] l:yltsf] ;DaGwdf dw]zL hgclwsf/ kmf]/d tyf dfcf]jfbLåf/f ePsf] bf]x/f] le8Gt tyf cfuhgL ;DaGwL 36gfdf cg'udg

163. afFs] @)^#÷!@÷)! cf7 /fhg}lts bnsf] df]6/;fOsn ¥ofnLsf] cg'udg

164. afFs] @)^#÷!@÷)@ cf7 /fhg}lts bnsf] zflGt / ;b\efj ¥ofnLsf] cg'udg

165. /f]Nkf @)^#÷!@÷)% lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}kl5 klg g]skf dfcf]jfbL kIfjf6 ;f] ;Demf}tfsf] k"0f{kfngf gePsf] ufpFdf rGbf


80

lng] sfo{ e}/x]sf] / ksnf uflj;sf ^ hgf tyf lhNnfsf cGo e]usf ;d]t u/L xfnklg !)—!@ hgf JolQm dfcf]jfbLsf] sJhfdf /x]sf s'/f hfgsf/L kfOof] .

166. sflnsf]6 @)^#÷!@÷#) u]nf 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg'udg h;df v8\u blh{sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] .

167. alb{of @)^$÷!÷@@ dfcf]jfbLsf] eft[ ;+u7g jfOl;Pnaf6 alb{of lhNnfsf] u'nl/of tyf ;fgf]>L ePsf] 36gfsf] cg'udg

168. x'Dnf @)^$÷!÷@@ x'Dnf lhNnfdf afn clwsf/ cj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg ul/Psf] lyof] .

169. afFs] @)^$÷!÷@# afFs] lhNnf lkk|xjf hd'gfxf @ df j]jfl/;] jd k8\sFbf !@ jlif{o pd]z vl6s uDeL/ 3fOt] ePsf] ;DaGwdf cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f ul/Psf] .

170. afFs] @)^$÷@÷* cf7 /fhg}lts bn tyf lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no afFs]sf] ;xdltdf dfcf]jfbLåf/f ljutdf sAhf ul/Psf] 3/hUuf lkmtf{ ug]{ sfo{qmdsf] cg'udg ug{ kqsf/ dfgj clwsf/sdL{x? ;fy afFs]sf] j}hfk"/ uflj; -/fKtL kf/L_ uO{ cg'udg .

171. alb{of lhNnf @)^$÷#÷* lj:tflktx?sf] ;d:of ;DaGwdf UNHCR sf] cfof]hgfdf alb{of lhNnfsf] dgfp Pl/ofdf cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] .

172. alb{of lhNnf @)^$÷#÷(—!%

dlxnf ;DaGwLt 5fpk8L ;d:ofsf] jf/]df cg'udg u/]sf] lyof] .

173. afFs] @)^$÷#÷!( sf]xnk'/ Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf] lx/f;tdf s]xL y'g'jfx?nfO{ oftgf lbPsf] b]lvPsf] / cg'udg 6f]nLsf] ;fd'Gg]df P:kL pQds'df/ sfsL{n] sf]xnk'/ Onfsf k|x/L sfof{nosf k|d'v OG;k]S6/ ;"o{ s]=zLnfO{ kqmfp ubf{s} cj:yfdf ;+sf:kb JolQmx?nfO{ oftgf lbg'kg]{ egfO /x]sf] lyof] .

174. ;'v]{t lhNnf @)^$÷#÷@* ;'v]{t lhNnfdf ;du| dfgj clwsf/sf] l:ylt, lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjo ;DaGwdf cg'udg,

175. g'jfufpF, /f]Nkf )^#÷!@÷^ dfcf]jfbL hg;]gfsf] /f]Nkfsf] bxjgdf /x]sf] kfFrf}+ l8lehgsf] cg'udg

176. lnjfª, /f]Nkf )^$÷!÷@% sf/fuf/ zfvf, /f]Nkfsf] cg'udg

177. lnjfª, /f]Nkf )^#÷!@÷@$ / @%

k|j]lzsf k/LIff, @)^# sf] cg'udg

178. efjfª, /f]Nkf )^$÷@÷@# b]lv @& ;Dd

la:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf cg'udg


81

cg';'rL – #

cg';Gwfg ljj/0f

qm=;

36gfsf]] ljj/0f 36gf :yn 36gf ldlt cg';Gwfg ldlt

1. 8\ofkmf]l8n klAns :s'nsf OGrfh{n] !^ hgf gfafns ljBfyL{nfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] elgPsf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg

sf7df08f} @)^#÷$÷@ @)^#÷$÷$

2. ;z:q k|x/Låf/f ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ uf]nL k|xf/ u/L tf/f tfdfªsf] d[To'' ePsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

l;Gw'kfNrf]s @)^#÷)$÷!$

@)^#÷$÷!^–@!

3. ;fgf] uf}r/0fdf ;'/IffsdL{n] v]nf8L /fs]z u'?Ësf] xTof u/]sf] ;DaGwL 36gfsf] k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg

sf7df08f} @)^#÷)$÷!^

@)^#÷$÷@)–@!

4. lrtjg lhNnfdf a]kQf kfl/Psf elgPsfx?sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg h;df !& hgfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfgdf ( hgf 5'6L ;s]sf] hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf]

lrtjg ljleGg ldlt

5. k;f{ lhNnfdf ;'/IffsdL{åf/f kqmfp u/L j]kQf kfl/Psf] / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ åf/f sAhfdf lnO{ cj:yf c1ft kfl/Psf] eGg] ljifodf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

k;f{ ljleGg ldlt @)^#÷^÷@—!@

6. ;'/IffsdL{af6 kqmfp u/L j]kQf kfl/Psf xl/k|;fb af]nv]sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg lgh af]nv]nfO{ kqmfpkl5 xTof u/L ufl8Psf] cj:yfdf km]nf kf/L klxrfg u/L nf; kl/jf/hgnfO x:tfGt/0f ul/Psf]

sfe|]knf~rf]s

7. slknj:t' lhNnf, j'8\9L uflj; j8f g+= ^ df jd lj:kmf]6g eO{ clgtf gfpF 7fs'/sf] d[To'' ePsf], s[i0f e/ / lj/]Gb| e/ 3fOt] ePsf] elgPsf] ljifodf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

slknj:t' @)^!÷@÷@( @)^#÷^÷!—@÷!

8. ?kGb]xL lhNnf j'6jnb]lv klZrd /fhdfu{ l:yt k/f]{xjf eGg] 7fpFsf] t'nj'lnof vf]nf k'ndf ad lj:kmf]6 eO{ kfj{tL lj=s=sf] d[To'' ePsf] elgPsf] ljifodf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

?kGb]xL — @)^#÷^÷!—@÷!

9. slknj:t' lhNnfsf] uf]?l;+u] Jof/]sdf lj5\ofOPsf] dfOgdf k/L t'n;L bhL{ kl/of/ ckfË ePsL elgPsf] ljifodf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

slknj:t' @)^!÷!÷@% @)^#÷^÷!—@÷!

10. ?kGb]xL lhNnf b]jbx uflj; l:yt vo/8fF8fsf] h+undf a]jfl/;] ad v]nfpFbf dfofb]jL cgfyfnosf uf]kfn yfkfsf] 36gf:yndf d[To'' ePsf] / cGo @ afns ;Vt 3fOt] ePsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf]

?kGb]xL — @)^#÷^÷!—$


82

cg';Gwfg

11. ;'/IffsdL{af6 kqmfp u/L ;Gtaxfb'/ jfOjfnfO{ j]kQf kfl/Psf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

dsjfgk'/ @)^)÷&÷!# @)^#÷$÷@%–@(

12. plkGb| k|;fb u'/fufO{nfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] sAhf u/L a]kQf agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg

@)^#÷#÷@! @)^#÷*÷(—@!

13. bf]nvf lhNnfsf dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ;DaGwL k'/fgf ph'/Lx?df ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

bf]nvf ljleGg ldltdf

@)^#÷*÷*—!*

14. rGb|snf clwsf/LnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{åf/f kqmfp u/L xTof ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] :ynut cg';Gwfg

l;Gw'nL @)^!÷^÷!) @)^#÷*÷#—@#

15. wgnfn of]~hgnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] oftgf lbPsf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

bf]/Daf, /fd]5fk

@)^@÷^÷* @)^#÷*÷*—!*

16. u0f]z s'df/ >]i7nfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] sAhf u/L xTof u/]sf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg .

;fF3'6f/, /fd]5fk

@)%(÷*÷^ @)^#÷*÷(—@$

17. jf;'b]j cof{nnfO{ /fHoåf/f kqmfp u/L j]kQf agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg

lrtjg @)%(÷@÷@( @)^#÷!)÷^—@!

18. jL/]Gb|jxfb'/ kf08]nfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] s'6lk6 tyf b'Jo{jxf/ u/]sf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

afa/,] bf]nvf

@)^@.%.# @)^#÷*÷*—!*

19. g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ af6 lj:yflkt u/fOPsf] elgPsf eLd;]g kf08]sf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

afa/,] bf]nvf

@)^@.%.!@ @)^#÷*÷*—!*

20. l;Gw'nL lhNnfdf ;'/IffsdL{åf/f kqmfp u/L oftgf lbPsf] eGg] ljifodf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

l;Gw'nL — @)^#÷*÷#—@#

21. odnfn k'/LnfO{ /fHoåf/f kqmfp u/L j]kQf agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg

lrtjg @)^).*.@% @)^#÷!)÷^—@!

22. lbk]Gb| zdf{nfO{ /fHoåf/f kqmfp u/L j]kQf agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg

lrtjg @)^).%.@^ @)^#÷!)÷^—@!

23. uf}/L k|;fb ;fksf]6fnfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] sAhfdf lnO{ l:ylt c1ft agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg

lrtjg @)^#.&.# @)^#÷!)÷^—@!

24. zflns/fd zdf{ lj:yflkt ePsf] elgPsf] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg

@)^!.#.!( @)^#÷!)÷!^

25. lktfDa/ kf}8]nnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L nu]sf] / kqmfp kZrft lghsf] l:ylt c1ft /x]sf] elgPsf] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

lrtjg @)^).!!.% @)^#÷!)÷!)

26. b08kf0fL Gof}kfg]nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L l:ylt a]kQf kfl/Psf] elgPsf] ph'/Lsf]

lrtjg @)%^.@.& @)^#÷!)÷!^


83

;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

27. zflns/fd kf}8]nnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{åf/f kqmfp u/L u}/ sfg"gL ?kdf sf/fuf/ zfvf lrtjgdf y'gfdf /flvPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

sf/fuf/ lrtjg

@)^!.!.* @)^#÷!)÷^—@!

28. /f}tx6sf] uf}/df dw]zL hgflwsf/ kmf]/d / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] eft[ ;+u7g dw]zL d'lQmdf]rf{ jLr ePsf] 36gfsf] cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg

/f}tx6 @)^#.!@.& @)^#÷!@÷&—@$

29. wg'iff lhNnfsf] /fd ljgo ofbjnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L df/]sf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

wg'iff @)^!÷!!÷!& @)^#÷$÷!*–#!

30. jL/u~h pkdxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+ !# a:g] l;hg/fh kf08]nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] uf]nL xfgL dfl/Psf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

k;f{ @)^@÷!)÷@$

@)^#÷^÷@–!@

31. /f}tx6 lhNnf lj>fdk'/ uflj; j8f g+ ( sf lgjt{dfg uflj; cWoIf 3gZofddf]xg e08f/LnfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLåf/f dfl/Psf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

/f}tx6 @)^!÷!÷!# @)^#÷^÷@–!@

32. k;f{ lhNnf lk8f/Lu'7L j8f g+ ( sf gljgl;+x kf}8]nnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{åf/f kqmfp u/L dfl/Psf] elgPsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

k;f{ @)^!÷!)÷@(

@)^#÷^÷@–!@

33. k;f{ lhNnfdf ;'/IffsdL{åf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf] tyf g]skf dfcf]jfbLåf/f sAhfdf lnO{ cj:yf c1ft kf/]sf] ljifodf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

k;f{ ljleGg ldltdf

@)^#÷^÷@–!@

34. 6]6fk'/df g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] Ps sfo{stf{ ljN6' elgg] cf;dxdb cG;f/L n] Ps dlxnfnfO{ anfTsf/sf] k|of; u/]sf] cf/f]kdf ufpFn]x?n] lghnfO{ s'6kL6 u/L df/]kl5 g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x? / ufpFn]jLr @)^#÷%÷@# ut] ePsf] em8kdf dfcf]jfbLsf] uf]nL nfuL c:ktfndf n}hfFbf g/]z ofbjsf] d[To'' ePsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

af/f @)^#÷%÷@# @)^#÷^÷@–!@

35. /fd]5fk lhNnf u'G;L ebf}/] uflj; j8f g+ ! 3/ eO sfe|]knf~rf]s rf}/L vf]nf k|fljdf cWofkg u/fpg] gf]v/fh uf}tdnfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L xTof u/]sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

/fd]5fk @)^#÷%÷@# @)^#÷$÷!&

36. jfDtL e08f/f uflj; j8f g+ ( 3/ eO sf7df08f} a:g] z'lzn a:g]t -s'df/_ a]kQf ePsf] / kl5 nf; k|fKt ePsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

/fd]5fk @)%(÷$÷@*

@)^#÷*÷!&–(÷&


84

37. 5f]/fsf] nflu cf}ifwL k;naf6 cf}ifwL lnP/ cfpFb} ubf{ u:tLdf uPsf] ;]gfn] kqmfp u/L ;]gfsf] csf]{ kmf}hnfO{ lr7L k'¥ofpg k7fPsf]df csf]{ tkm{sf] ;]gfn] uf]nL xfgL Ps ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ df/]sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 Ps nfv Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fPsf] lyof] .

/fd]5fk @)%(÷#÷* @)^#÷*÷!&–(÷&

38. /fd]5fk lhNnf /fsfy'd uflj; j8f g+ ^ a:g] elgPsL k'0f{ nfdfsL 5f]/L k'Go nfdfnfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';fwfg

/fd]5fk @)^@÷#÷^ @)^#÷*÷!&–(÷&

39. zfxL ;]gfdf sfo{/t cd a]b axfb'/ yfkf, Ko'7 wgk|;fb cfrfo{ / ;LkfxL s[i0ff v8\sfnfO{ /fd]5fk lhNnfsf] lvlDtaf6 a;df sf7df08f} cfpFb} ubf{ bf]nvf lhNnfsf] 8'F8] Onfsfaf6 g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L xTof u/]sf ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg

/fd]5fk @)^!÷!@÷!# @)^#÷*÷!&–(÷&

40. dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g ;DaGwdf k/]sf k'/fgf ph'/Lx?sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg h;df 6f]nLn] xTof :DaGwdf &, j]kQf ;DaGwdf !@, ;'/IffsdL{n] wDsL lbPsf] ;DaGwdf @, g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] wDsL lbPsf] ;DaGwdf ^,dfcf]jfbLaf6 s'6lk6 oftgf ;DaGwdf !, gh/aGb ;DaGwdf !,, ;'/IfsdL{af6 lj:yflkt ;DaGwdf !, g]skf dfcf]jfbLaf6 lj:yflkt ;DaGwdf !$, u}/ sfg"gL kqmfp ;DaGwdf !, dfcf]jfbLaf6 cfuhgL u/]sf] ;DaGwdf ! u/L $^ j6f ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg u/]sf] lyof] .

/fd]5fk ljleGg ldltdf

@)^#÷*÷!&–(÷&

41. l;Gw'nL lhNnfdf ;'/IffsdL{åf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf / g]skf dfcf]jfbLåf/f sAhfdf lnO{ cj:yf c1ft /x]sf elgPsf JolQmx?sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg ;'/IffsdL{åf/f a]kQf kfl/Psf ! / g]skf dfcf]jfbLåf/f sAhfdf lnO{ cj:yf c1ft /x]sf elgPsf @ hgfdf hgfsf] cj:yf Plsg ePsf] .

l;Gw'nL ljleGg ldltdf

@)^#÷*÷#–@#

42. /fgLr'/L ( sf lx/f axfb'/ du/nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L xTof u/]sf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg

l;Gw'nL @)^)÷!)÷%

@)^#÷*÷#–@#

43. /fgLr'/L % sf k[YjL axfb'/ dfemLnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L xTof u/]sf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg

l;Gw'nL @)%^÷!÷!^ @)^#÷*÷#–@#

44. lrtjg /fli6«o lgs'~hsf] s;/fl:yt lx/f;tdf nfn axfb'/ tfdfªn] cfTdxTof u/]sf] ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg lgs'~h

lrtjg @)^#÷&÷@( @)^#÷*÷&–!)


85

k|zf;gn] d[tssf cfkmGtnfO{ (@ xhf/ ?k}of Ifltk"lt{ pknAw u/fPsf]

45. bf]nvf lhNnf nfld8fF8f uflj;sf påj lzjfsf]6LnfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L xTof u/]sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

bf]nvf @)^)÷%÷!) @)^#÷*÷(–@%

46. lagf]b s'df/ v8\sfnfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L xTof u/]sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

/fd]5fk @)^)÷@÷@$ @)^#÷*÷!&–@%

47. ;/nf ;fsf]6fnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L a]kQf kf/]sf] eGg] ljifodf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg

wflbª @)^!÷$÷! @)^#÷(÷@&–!)÷%

48. gGb/fd e08f/LnfO{ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?n] sAhfdf lnPsf] / sAhfs} ;dodf d[To'' ePsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

cf]t–#, 3f]g]{6L, /f]Nkf

)^#÷*÷!& @)^#÷!!÷@#–!@÷(

49. /f]Nkfdf tTsflng zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] tLg dlxnfsf] anfTsf/ u/]sf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

cf]t–$, hjfª, /f]Nkf

)%(÷*÷@^ @)^#÷!!÷@#–!@÷(

50. s'zaxfb'/ v8\sfnfO{ dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?n] sAhfdf lnPsf] / sAhfs} ;dodf d[To'' ePsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

u}/LufpF–@, lqj]0fL, /f]Nkf

)^!÷!!÷@^ @)^#÷!!÷@#–!@÷(

51. b]jLnfn e08f/Lsf] j]jfl/;] ad ljikmf]6df k/L d[To' ePsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

h'Fuf/–%, /f]Nkf

)^@÷!)÷( @)^#÷!!÷@#–!@÷(

52. 8'la|ª–!, z/]rf}/, /f]Nkfsf afdb]j la=snfO{ tTsflng zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

;}3f–@, bfª )^)÷!!÷!! @)^#÷!!÷@#–!@÷(

53. h'Fuf/–!, rf}kf/Laf]6, /f]Nkfsf eQmaxfb'/ la=snfO{ tTsflng zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf ;'/Iffkmf}hn] uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

sf]6ufpF–@, /f]Nkf

)%(÷^÷# @)^#÷!!÷@#– @(

54. b'uf{axfb'/ k'g ;lxt !) hgfnfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?n] s'6kL6 u/L sAhfdf lnPsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

efjfª–#, /f]Nkf

)^$÷@÷!^ )^$÷@÷@#– @&

55. nf6f bdfO{nfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?n] sAhfdf lnO{ j]kQf agfPsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

sf]6ufpF–$, /f]Nkf

)%(÷@÷!^ )^$÷#÷@@– @(

56. xf]daxfb'/ rnfpg]nfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?n] sAhfdf lnO{ xTof u/]sf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

8'la|ª–$ sf] ;]jf/sf] h+un

)%(÷@÷& )^$÷$÷!@–!(

57. lnRsL/fDr] uflj; j8f g+= ( sL lgd{nf a:g]tsf] nfO{ g]skf-dfcf]jfbL{ sf sfo{stf{x?n] df/]sf] 36gf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

Vff]6fª @)^@÷)&÷!*

@)^#÷&÷@#–*÷*

58. lj/f6g/df k|bz{gsf/L / k|bz{g /f]Sg] ;d"xjLr ePsf] em8kdf dfl/Psf /fd]Zj/ sfdtsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

vf]6fª @)^@÷)&÷!*

@)^#÷&÷@#–*÷*


86

59. ;Kt/L lhNnfdf dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf ;DaGwdf k/]sf ph'/Lx?sf] cg';Gwfg ckx/0f ;DaGwdf g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/]sf ^ j6f / hgtflGqs d'lQmdf]rf{ @) j6f / c1ftn] ckx/0f u/]sf] Ps j6f ph'/Ldf g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/]sf] Ps hgfsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf / cGo 5'l6;s]sf],;'/IffsdL{n] a]kQf kf/]sf] ;DaGwdf !* j6f ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg ul/Psf]

;Kt/L lhNnfsf] ljleGg efu

ljleGg ldlt @)^#÷!@÷@)–@#

60. ;Kt/L lhNnfdf dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3gsf ;DaGwdf k/]sf ph'/Lx?sf] cg';Gwfg pbok'/ lhNnfdf g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/]sf] !) ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg ubf{ b'O{ hgfsf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] c? 5'l6;s]sf] / ;'/IffsdL}{n] a]kQf kf/]sf] tLg ph'/Ldf ;a}sf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] kfOof] .

;Kt/L lhNnfsf] ljleGg efu

ljleGg ldlt @)^#÷!@÷@#–@&

cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no wgu9L

61. nfnaf]emL uflj; a:g] Zofdb]jL 8uf}/fnfO{ u:tLdf cfPsf ;+o'Qm ;'/Iffkmf}h / dfcf]jfbLjLr s]xL ;do bf]xf]/f] le8Gt eP/ ;lsPkl5 ufpFsf ;Dk"0f{ dflg;nfO{ Ps 7fpFdf e]nf u/]/ Zofdb]jL 8uf}/f;Fu 6\ofS6/sf] ;fFrf] dfu]sf] / ;fFrf] lbg hfFbf k5fl8af6 uf]nL xfgL kLl8t e'OFdf 9n]kl5 ufpFs} uf]?uf8fdf /fvL Jof/]sdf nu]/ nf; glbPsf] / cj:yfsf] af/]df ;d]t hfgsf/L glbPsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)%(÷)@÷@(

@)^#÷)$÷@$– @(

62. b/v uflj; @ a:g] sfn'/fd rf}w/L / dlg/fd rf}w/LnfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x?n] kmsfO{ k'mNofO{ cfkm\gf] kf6L{;Fu} nuL b/v uflj;sf] kr3/f eGg] ufpFdf Ps ls;fgsf] 3/df /flv/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;+o'Qm ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] u:tL 6f]nLn] ldlt @)%(÷)&÷@( ut] kqmfp u/]sf] / :yfgLo JolQmx?sf cg';f/ lghx?sf] bf]xf]/f] le8Gtdf d[To' ePsf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)%(÷)&÷@(

@)^#÷)$÷@$ –@(

63. a5}{g uflj;sf v8saxfb'/ jf]x/fnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{åf/f uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

8f]6L @)%(÷^÷!)

@)^#÷$÷@@ –%÷!

64. a5}{g uflj;sf bnaxfb'/ rGb ;d]t # hgfnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{åf/f uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

8f]6L @)%(÷!÷!( @)^#÷$÷@@ –%÷!

65. a5}{g uflj; a:g] lgd{nf rGbnfO{ 8f]6L @)^!÷^÷! @)^#÷$÷@@


87

;'/IffsdL{åf/f uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg .

–%÷!

66. a;f}6L uflj; j8f g++ ( df /x]sf] If]qaxfb'/ rf}w/Lsf] wfg ldndf a]jfl/;] ad lj:kmf]6gdf k/L @ aifL{o lg/fhg rf}w/L, !@ aifL{o k/z' /fd rf}w/L, ( aifL{o ;ljgfs'df/L rf}w/Lsf] d[To'' tyf * dlxg] afns ls/0f rf}w/L / aif{ $) sf] /fds'df/ rf}w/L 3fOt] ePsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷)^÷@& –)&÷)$

67. e6gf uflj; j8f g+ * / ( sf gf/bbQ e§;d]t # hgfnfO{ ;+o'Qm ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] 6f]nLn] j}t8L lhNnf Gjfb]j uflj;df kqmfp u/L uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

j}t8L @)^!÷^÷@@ @)^#÷)*÷@! –)(÷)$

68. jf;'lnË uflj; j8f g+= &, gf/b kf08]nfO{ 88]Nw'/f ;b/d'sfd l:yt ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] u:tL 6f]nLn] kqmfp u/L j}t8L lhNnfsf] l8nf;}gL uflj;df nuL xTof u/]sf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

j}t8L @)%(÷@÷@# @)^#÷)*÷@! –)(÷)$

69. nfnaf]emL uflj; a:g] zflGts'df/L rf}w/L nufot ^ hgfnfO{ yfkfk'/ uflj;df kg]{ uf]/rf}/fl:yt Ps 3/df al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;'/IffsdL{n] rf/}lt/af6 3]/f xfnL ;dft]/ uf]nL xfgL df/]sf] egL k/]sf] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@$

70. nfnaf]emL lxSdtk'/ a:g] 1fgl;+ yf?nfO{ nfnaf]emL ^, d'8fxfdf al;/xFbf ;]gfn] rf/}lt/af6 3]/f xfnL uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@$

71. ehgL uflj; a:g] t]t/fd rf}w/L nufot ^ hgfnfO{ yfkfk'/ uflj;df kg]{ uf]/rf}/fl:yt Ps 3/df al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;'/IffsdL{n] rf/}lt/af6 3]f/fxL ;dft]/ uf]nL xfgL df/]sf] egL k/]sf] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@^

72. ehgL uflj; a:g] l;of/fd rf}w/L nufot ^ hgfnfO{ yfkfk'/ uflj;df kg]{ uf]/rf}/f l:yt Ps 3/df al;/x]sf] cj:yfdf ;'/IffsdL{n] rf/}lt/af6 3]/fxL ;dft]/ uf]nL xfgL df/]sf] egL k/]sf] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@^

73. nfnaf]emL uflj; a:g] /fd]Zj/ s7l/ofnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L g]kfnL ;]gfsf] t]3/L Jof/]s cQl/ofdf nuL r/d oftgf lbO{ d[To'' ePsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@%

74. ehgL uflj; a:g] x]d/fh 8uf}/fnfO{ nfnaf]emL uflj; d'8fxfdf ;'/IffsdL{n] uf]nL

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@$


88

xfgL xTof u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

75. nfnaf]emL uflj; a:g] wgaxfb'/ ;fpb / xs{axfb'/ ;fpbnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L xTof u/]sf] egL k/]sf] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@%

76. l6sfk'/ gu/kflnsf 3/ e} c5fd lhNnf d+un;]g h'k' :jf:Yo rf}sLdf sfo{/t wd{/fh lwtfn / P] P] h'k' a:g] 6+s /fjnsf jd ljikmf]6af6 d[To'' ePsf] elgPsf] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

c5fd @)^#÷!)÷@)– @#

77. afh'/f lhNnf kf08';}g * a:g] kbdaxfb'/ zfxLnfO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)%(÷&÷!! @)^#÷!!÷& – *

78. kf08';}g uflj; a:g] /fdnfn bdfO{;d]t & hgfnfO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)%(÷&÷!) @)^#÷!!÷^–&

79. dft{8L uflj;–@ l;/f8L a:g] ;'snfn ljsnfO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)%(÷^÷!@ @)^#÷!!÷% –^

80. dfcf]jfbLn] JolQmut 3/df /fv]sf] lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ lj:kmf]6 x'bf !) jlif{o afns b]jaxfb'/ a'9fsf] d[To'' ePsf]n] bf]ifLnfO{ sf/jfxL / Ifltk"lt{ pknJw gePsf] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

8f]6L @)^# ÷!@ #)

@)^$÷)#÷!!

81. s}nfnLsf] k+8f}g lt/af6 cfPsf] ;'/Iffkmf}hn] 8f]6L lhNnf a5]{g uflj; j8f g+=# a:g] aif{ !# sf] k|sfz lj=s=cfkm\g} af/Ldf xnf] hf]tL /x]sf] j]nfdf lgoGq0fdf lnO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

8f]6L @)^! ÷@÷@& @)^$÷)#÷)(

82. huGgfy uflj; a:g] ;2g ljs ;d]t @( hgfnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] nfOg nufO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)%(÷!÷@& @)^#÷!!÷*– (

83. s~rgk'/ lhNnf dx]Gb|gu/ gu/kflnsf a:g] 6]s/fh hf]zLnfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] elgPsf] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s~rgk'/ @)^#÷!)÷& @)^#÷!)÷*

84. l6sfk'/ gu/kflnsf ( a:g] tk]Gb|axfb'/ s'Fj/nfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!÷^ @)^#÷!)÷*

85. ubl/of uflj; a:g] uf]ljGb/fh e6\6nfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷# @)^#÷!)÷*

86. wgu9L gu/kflnsf a:g] lbg]z ;fpbnfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!÷@% @)^#÷!)÷&

87. wgu9L gu/kflnsf a:g] ;'lzn v8\sf, lbks s}nfnL @)^#÷@÷!# @)^#÷!)÷&


89

cj:yL / ldng nfdfnfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

88. dx]Gb|gu/ gu/kflnsf a:g] /tg ;fpb, 6]s/fh hf]zL / 6]s/fh hf]zLnfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

s~rgk'/ @)^@÷!@÷!% @)^#÷!)÷%

89. s}nfnL lhNnf ubl/of uflj; a:g] 5]bfnfn rf}w/LnfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)^#÷!÷@& @)^#÷!)÷#

90. wgu9L gu/kflnsfsf] bdsn, bdsn rfns sn];' rf}w/L, ;xof]uL rGb|axfb'/ / ;+u|fd ;fjb ;d]tnfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)^@÷!!÷^ @)^#÷!)÷*

91. v}nf8 uflj; a:g] k|df]b pk|]tLnfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷*

92. sflnsf uflj; a:g] ts{axfb'/ /fjnnfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

c5fd @)^!÷!@÷@!

93. ;xhk'/ uflj; a:g] tfsaxfb'/ zfxnfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL

94. dfgsf]6 uflj; a:g] e'kfn /f]sfonfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)^#÷&÷!) @)^#÷!)÷*

95. s}nfnL lhNnf l6sfk'/ gu/kflnsfa:g] lxSdt v8\sfnfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)^#÷^÷!@ @)^#÷&÷@)

96. bf]nvf lhNnf 3/ e} g]kfnL ;]gfdf sfo{/t /fhs'df/ >]i7 / /fdrGb| sfsL{nfO{ s}nfnLsf] d;'l/ofaf6 ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL < @)^@÷!@÷@@

97. l6sfk'/ gu/kflnsf a:g] kfNt' rf}w/LnfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)^@÷!@÷@)

@)^#÷!)÷*

98. l6sfk'/ gu/kflnsf a:g] /fdrGb| ltjf/LnfO{ ckx/0f ul/Psf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)^#÷#÷@) @)^#÷!)÷@*

99. l6sfk'/ gu/kflnsf a:g] k|]d/fh ltjf/LnfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)^#÷#÷@) @)^#÷!)÷@*

100. l6sfk'/ gu/kflnsf a:g] tk]Gb| /fjnnfO{] ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷#÷@) @)^#÷!)÷@*


90

101. l6sfk'/ gu/kflnsf a:g] ls/0f s8fotnfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)^#÷#÷@) @)^#÷!)÷@*

102. /fdlzv/emfnf uflj; a:g] 7Ddfgl;+x adnfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)^)÷@÷@( ]

<

103. s}nfnL lhNnf l6sfk'/ gu/kflnsf a:g] dfgaxfb'/ adnfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ph'/L .

s}nfnL @)^)÷#÷@) <

104. gfufh'{g uflj; a:g] uf]kfnaxfb'/ rGbnfO{ cfkm\g} 3/af6 g]skfdfcf]jfbLx?n] ckx/0f u/L nu]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

j}t8L @)^@÷$÷!^ @)^#÷*÷@!

105. afh'/f lhNnfsf lgjt{dfg ;efklt nfnaxfb'/ yfkfnfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

afh'/f @)^)÷!!÷@# @)^#÷!)÷@#

106. kf08';}g uflj; a:g] hoaxfb'/ l;+xnfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

afh'/f < @)^#÷!)÷@%

107. sf]N6L uflj;sf ^)÷&) hgf hgtfnfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)^@÷!!÷( @)^#÷!)÷@#

108. dfgsf]6 uflj; a:g] e'kfn /f]sfonfO{ ckx/0f u/]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

afh'/f @)^#÷&÷@) @)^#÷!)÷@*

109. c5fd lhNnf 3/ e} s}nfnL lhNnfdf pkrf/sf nflu cfPsfjvt ;'/IffsdL{n] nIdL /fjnnfO{ kqmfp u/L u}/sfgg'gL y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

c5fd @)^@÷%÷$ @)^#÷!!÷!

110. x;'lnof uflj; a:g] /3'lj/ rf}w/LnfO ut] kqmfp u/L u}/sfg"gL y'gfdf /flvPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s}nfnL @)^!÷!)÷# @)^#÷!)÷@#

111. x'lt uflj; a:g] dx]Gb|l;+x s'Fj/nfO{ kqmfp u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

bfr'{nf @)^)÷@÷@* @)^#÷!)÷!(

112. rl08sf uflj; a:g] lj/]Gb|axfb'/ s'Fj/nfO{ kqmfp u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

c5fd @)^@÷!@÷@! @)^#÷!!÷^

113. ;fK6f uflj; a:g] lj/]Gb|l;+ wfdLnfO{ kqmfp u/L u}/ sfg"gL ?kdf y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)^)÷&÷!) @)^#÷!)÷!(

114. b]pnLsf]6 uflj; a:g] g/axfb'/ jf]x/fnfO{ tf]lsPsf] s}b eGbf a9L y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg]

aemfË @)^#÷!)÷@@


91

ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

115. l/7frf}kftf uflj; a:g] lht]Gb| l;+x af]x/fnfO{ ef/tsf] jn'jfsf]6af6 kqmfp u/L bfr'{nf sf/fuf/ zfvfdf /flvPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

bfr'{nf @)^#÷^÷@&

116. sflnsf % df]ltj:tL a:g] /d]z yfkf / s}nfnL lhNnf d;'l/of uflj; a:g] sdn ljsnfO{ kqmfp u/L y'gfdf /flvPsf] eGg] ph'/L .

s}nfnL÷s~rgk'/

@)%*÷(÷& @)^#÷&÷@*

117. 88]Nw'/f lhNnf a:g] jnaxfb'/ 8f+uL ;d]t !! hgfnfO{ cbfntsf] cfb]z ljkl/t u}/sfg"gL y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

88]Nw'/f @)^#÷(÷!^

118. s[i0fk'/ uflj; a:g] 5Ëf /fgfnfO{ ;'/Iffkmf}hn] kqmfp u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

s~rgk'/ @)^!÷%÷!$ @)^#÷(÷!!

119. dxf?b| uflj; a:g] v]d/fh e6\6nfO{ kqmfp u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg .

j}t8L @)^!÷(÷@ @)^#÷(÷!^

120. lqe'jgj:tL uflj; a:g] gf/fo0fl;+x /fgf, hf]vg rf}w/L / ydg g]kfnLnfO{ kqmfp u/L em'7f d'2fdf y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg

s~rgk'/ @)^!÷@÷^ @)^#÷(÷!!

121. jfO{;jLrjf uflj; a:g] /0faxfb'/ jf]u6LnfO{ em'7f] cleof]udf kqmfp u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg

s~rgk'/ @)^!÷$÷#) @)^#÷(÷!!

122. sflnsf uflj; a:g] sfln/fd rf}w/LnfO{ em'7f cf/f]k nufO{ kqmfp u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf u/]sf] cg';Gwfg

s~rgk'/ @)^!÷#÷@^ @)^#÷(÷!!

123. ;'8f uflj; a:g] gj/fh kf08]onfO{ em'7fd'2f nufO{ y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/L .

s~rgk'/ @)^@÷!)÷@)

@)^#÷(÷!!

124. k/f;g uflj; a:g] xf]ljGb| ljsnfO{ em'7f cf/f]kdf kqmfp u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/L .

s~rgk'/ @)^#÷(÷!!

125. bfr'{nf lhNnf lzv/ uflj; a:g] wd]{ jf]x/fnfO{ kqmfp u/L y'gfdf /fv]sf] eGg] ph'/L .

bfr'{nf @)^)÷^÷!! @)^#÷(÷!^

126. afjjnf uflj;j8f g++ * sf s}nfz ljsnfO{ cfdf lj/fdL ePsf]df cf}ifwL ug{ ef/t hfFb} ubf{ 88]Nw'/fl:yt bxJof/]saf6 kqmfp u/L dfcf]jfbLsf] cfª\+sfdf sf/fuf/ zfvf, 88]Nw'/fdf gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

c5fd @)^)÷)*÷)(

@)^#÷!!÷)(


92

127. zf]8iff uflj;j8f g++ @ sf elu/y kl/of/nfO{ ef/t hfg nfUbf ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L dfcf]jfbLsf] cfz+ª\sfdf sf/fuf/ zfvf, 88]Nw'/fdf gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] eGg] ph'/L .

c5fd @)^)÷)&÷@@

@)^#÷!!÷)(

128. h'k' uf=lj=j8f g++ # sf aAn' kl/of/nfO[{ ef/t hfg nfUbf 88]Nw'/fl:yt bxJof/]saf6 kqmfp u/L dfcf]jfbLsf] cfzª\sfdf sf/fuf/ zfvf, 88]Nw'/fdf gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] eGg] ph'/L .

c5fd @)^!÷)*÷)$

@)^#÷!!÷)(

129. u}/fufpF uflj;j8f g++ % sf v8s ljsnfO{ ef/t hfg nfUbf 88]Nw'/fl:yt bx Jof/]saf6 kqmfp u/L sf/fuf/ zfvf, 88]Nw'/fdf gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

8f]6L @)^)÷)&÷#)

@)^#÷!!÷)(

130. 7fF6L uflj;, j8f g +!, au'8fsf lbnaxfb'/ zfxnfO{ c5fdaf6 wgu9L hfg nfUbf 88]Nw'/fl:yt bxJof/]saf6 kqmfp u/L dfcf]jfbLsf] cfzª\sfdf sf/fuf/ zfvf, 88]Nw'/fdf gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] eGg] ph'/L .

c5fd @)^)÷)&÷@@

@)^#÷!!÷)(

131. lhNnf 8f]6L, jf;'b]jL uflj;j8f g++ !, bNnsf xf]daxfb'/ P]/nfO{ ef/t n'lwofgfaf6 3/ kms{g] qmddf ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L dfcf]jfbLsf] cfzª\sfdf sf/fuf/ zfvf, 88]Nw'/fdf gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] eGg] ph'/L .

8f]6L @)^!÷)*÷)$

@)^#÷!!÷)(

132. ;fF9]kfgL uflj; a:g] hoZj/ sfsL{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLn] ;'Vv8l:yt ;+o'Qm ;'/Iffa]z SofDkdf cfqmd0f ;'? u/]sf] / a]z Sofdkaf6 klg uf]nL rn]sf] cj:yfdf ;'Vv8 ahf/af6 cfkm\gf]3/ tkm{ a]zSofDkaf6 k/ k'uL ;fOsn r9]sf] a]nf ;'/Iffa]z sofDkaf6 rn]sf] uf]nL v'§fdf nfuL ckfË ePsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^!÷!!÷!& @)^#÷)$÷@$ ut] b]vL @( ut] ;Dd

133. kf08';}g uflj;l:yt ;To dfWoflds ljBfnosf lzIfs nfnaxfb'/ jdnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L oftgf lbPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f )^#÷!!÷&

134. kf08';}g uflj; a:g] u0f]zaxfb'/ l;+xnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] kqmfp u/L oftgf lbPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

afh'/f )^#÷!!÷&

135. kf08';}g uflj; a:g] k|]daxfb'/ /f]sfofnfO{ lhNnf k|x/L sfof{non] kqmfp u/L ;}lgs Jof/]sdf ;d]t nuL oftgf lbPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

afh'/f @)%*÷@÷!% )^#÷!!÷&

136. s}nfnL lhNnf k|tfkk'/ uflj; a:g] lzlIfsf k'ikf sfsLnfO{ ljBfyL{{ s'6lk6 u/]sf] cf/f]kdf

s}nfnL @)^#÷%÷!( –@!


93

ljBfno k|zf;g / cleefjs;d]taf6 wDsL tyf bjfj lbPsf]df :yfgLo k|zf;gaf6 s]xL gul/lbPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

137. 8f]6L lhNnf a5}{g uflj; a:g] rqmaxfb'/ d6]nLnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{åf/f uf]nL xfgL 3fOt] agfPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

8f]6L @)%(÷!÷!( @)^#÷$÷@@

138. dxf?b| uflj; a:g] /lul;+ k'hf/fnfO{ g]=s=kf dfcf]jfbLn] ckx/0f u/L nu]/ ljBfnodf k9fpg ghfg wDsL lbPsf] / u[x alGb agfO{ /fv]sf]df kl5 alGb d'Qm x'Fbf ;Dddf lzIfssf] hflu/af6 lgsflnlbPsf]n] k'gj{xfnL u/fOkfpg ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

a}t8L @)^#÷*÷!$

139. v}nf8 uflj; a:g] aGbgf 9'+ufgf pk|]tLsf] 3/ hUuf sJhf u/L lj:yflkt u/fPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@^

140. v}nf8 uflj; a:g] k|df]b pk|]tLsf] 3/ hUuf sJhf u/L lj:yflkt u/fPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@^

141. v}nf8 uflj; a:g] t'n;fb]jL pk|]tLsf] 3/ hUuf sJhf u/L lj:yflkt u/fPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@^

142. v}nf8 uflj; a:g] ;/nf vs'/]nsf] 3/ hUuf sJhf u/L lj:yflkt u/fPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@^

143. lslt{k'/ sf7df08f} a:g] ;[hgf e6\6/fO{sf] 3/ hUuf sJhf u/L lj:yflkt u/fPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

sf7df08f} @)^#÷!)÷@^

144. km'njf/L uflj; a:g] lnnfgfy ;fksf]6fnfO{ wlDs lbO{ 3/df j:g glbPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@@

145. d'g'jf uflj; a:g] b'ioGt dNnsf] 3/ hUuf sJhf u/L lj:yflkt agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@(

146. v}nf8 uflj; a:g] z]/ axfb'/ xdfnsf] 3/ hUuf sJhf u/L lj:yflkt agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

s}nfnL @)^#÷!)÷@^

147. h'sf]6 uflj; a:g] d0fLhË zfxLnfO{ lj:yflkt agfPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)%*÷(÷@( @)^#÷!!÷@

148. sf]l6nf uflj; a:g] s[i0faxfb'/ zfxLnfO{ lj:yflkt agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)%(÷#÷#! @)^#÷!!÷@

149. huGgfy uflj; a:g] sf}zL lu/LnfO{ lj:yflkt agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf]

afh'/f @)%(÷!÷!% @)^#÷!!÷@


94

cg';Gwfg .

150. dfgsf]6 uflj; j:g] g/]Gb| /f]sfonfO{ lj:yflkt agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)^#÷!)÷@#

151. huGgfy uflj; j:g] e/t/fh lu/LnfO{ lj:yflkt agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)%(÷!÷!% @)^#÷!!÷#

152. sf]ufqL uflj; j:g] d+un axfb'/ lai6nfO{ lj:yflkt agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)%& @)^#÷!!÷#

153. 5tf/f uflj; j:g] gGbnfn h}zLnfO{ lj:yflkt agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)^@÷@÷@ @)^#÷!!÷#

154. h'sf]6 uflj; j:g] lxSdt zfxLnfO{ lj:yflkt agfOPsf] eGg] ph'/Lsf] cg';Gwfg .

afh'/f @)%(÷%÷!( @)^#÷!!÷@

If]qLo sfof{no lj/f6gu/

155. Vff]6fª lhNnf /fvfjfªb]n uflj;j8f g+= # sL clgtf u'?ªnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{x?n] df/]sf] elgPsf] 36gf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

vf]6fª @)^)÷)*÷!(

,)^$÷@÷& – !&

156. Vff]6fª lhNnf kfy]sf uflj;j8f g+= * sf al4dfg lu/L -l;kfxL_ nfO{ ;'/IffsdL{x?n] df/]sf] 36gf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

vf]6fª ,)%(÷)*÷)(

–)^$÷#÷!@ – )^$÷#÷!(

157. tfKn]h'ª lhNnfaf6 ljleGg ldltdf ljleGg ;dodf ;'/IffsdL{af6 a]kQf agfOPsf] / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ af6 sAhfdf lnOPsf] elgPsf JolQmx?sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg $ j6f a]kQf / ^ j6 ckx/0fsf] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] h;DfWo] a]kQfsf $ hgfd'Qm e} ;s]sf / cx/0fdWo] $ hgf dfcf]jfbL kf6L{s} sfo{stf{ e} sfd u/]sf],! nfO{ d'Qm u/]sf] / ! hgfnfO{ sf/jfxL :j?k dfcf]jfbLn]g} >d l;lj/df /fv]sf] kfOPsf] .

tfKn]h'ª ljleGg ldltdf

@)^#÷$÷@–!*

158. ;'/Iffkmf}haf6 rnfPsf] uf]nLaf6 lyªnfa' uflj;j8f g+= % :yfoL 3/ eO{ kmfs'Daf uflj;sf] dx]Gb| dfWoflds ljBfnodf cWog/t g/]Gb| lnDa'sf] d[To'' ePsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

tfKn]h'ª )%(÷!÷#) @)^#÷$÷@–!*

159. g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ n] tfKn]h'ª lhNnfsf] rfu] uflj;j8f g+= ! sf] bf]efg] eGg] 7fpFdf yfk]sf] ljw'tLo w/fkdf k/L tfKn]h'ª lhNnf ;f3' uflj;sf el/ofx? km'kf{ z]kf{ / P]= j8f g+= ( sf bfl/Gh] z]kf{sf] d[To'' ePsf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

tfKn]h'ª )^@÷(÷* @)^#÷$÷@–!*


95

160. tfKn]h'ª lhNnf kmfs'Daf ( sf :yfoL 3/ e} P] * df k;n u/L a:g] ljho s'df/ g]of]ª -lnDa'_ nfO{ g]kfn k|x/Ln] oftgf lbPsf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

tfKn]h'ª )%(÷!÷#) @)^#÷$÷@–!*

161. ;Kt/L lhNnf xlb{of uflj;jf8{ g+=& sdnk'/ a:g] km'nf]b]jL ofbjnfO{ ldlt @)^#÷%÷& ut] g]skf- dfcf]jfbL _ n] 5'l§P/ a:g nufO{ cfkmgf] lgoGq0fdf /fv]sf] cj:yfdf lghsf] d[To'" ePsf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] .

;Kt/L @)^#÷%÷!) @)^#÷%÷!&

162. g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ af6 ;+v'jf;ef lhNnf vfbjf/L gu/kflnsf–@ sf tTsfnLg lhNnf jg sfof{no, ;+v'jf;efsf jg /Ifs uf]ljGb lu/LnfO{ ckx/0f kZrft xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

;+v'jf;ef )%(÷)(÷^ @)^#÷^÷#) –&÷&

163. ;+v'jf;ef lhNnf jfgf uflj; j8f g+= & a:g] jif{ !( sf ;f]dgfy elgg] ch'{g /]UdLnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] ;lgjf/sf] xl6ofsf] lbg ks|fp u/L # lbg kl5 :ofj'g ! Dff nuL xTof ul/Psf] eGg] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg

;+v'jf;ef )%(÷*÷!) @)^#÷^÷#) –&÷&

164. ;+v'jf;ef lhNnfaf6 ljleGg ldltdf ljleGg ;dodf ;'/IffsdL{af6 a]kQf agfOPsf] / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ af6 sAhfdf lnOPsf] elgPsf JolQmx?sf] cg';Gwfg a]kQf ul/Psf@ dWo] ! l/xf e} ;s]sf] / ! sf] ;'/Iffkmf}hsf] sf/jfxLdf d[To' ePsf] eGg] kfOPsf] t/ k'0f{ cg';Gwfg x'g afFsL /x]sf] / % hgf ckx/0f dWo] @ hgfnfO{ xTof ul/Psf] kfOPsf] h;dWo uf]kfn lu/Lsf] k"0f{ cg';Gwfg e} ;s]sf] csf]{sf] x'g afFsL /x]sf] .

;+v'jf;ef ljleGg ldltdf

@)^#÷^÷#) –&÷&

165. df]/ª lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgug/kfnLsf xf6vf]nfdf k|bzgsf/L / ;'/IffsdL{jLr ePsf] em8kdf kl/ @ k|bzgsf/Lx? P]= l;;jgLsf hxbf tn' / s6x/Lsf lgd{n /fhjzL+sf] d[To'' ePsf] 36gfgsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg

df]/ª @)^#÷!)÷@$

@)^#÷!)÷@%

166. df]/ª ky/Ldf /x]sf] e'6fgL z/0ffyL{ / :yfgLoaf;L jLr ePsf] em8ksf] s|ddf kqmfp k/]sf ky/L ! sf xl/ tfdfªnfO{ k|x/Ln] lx/f;tdf oftgf lbO{ xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg

df]/ª @)^#÷!!÷!@ @)^#÷!!÷!#


96

167. tfKn]h'ª lhNnf y]rDa' uflj;j8f g+=^ sf ch'{g ;'Aaf -d]Gofªjf]_ nfO{ cfTd/Iffsf] nflu efUb} ubf{ ;'/Iffkmf}hn] cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

tfKn]h'ª @)^@ ÷&÷@ @)^#÷!@÷@ –@^

168. tfKn]h'ª lhNnf y]rDa' uflj;jf8{ g+= ^ a:g] lji0f' s'df/ d]Gofªjf]nfO{ ;]gfn] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ uf]nL xfgL xTof u/]sf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] ;GaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

tfKn]h'ª @)^@ ÷&÷! @)^#÷!@÷@ –@^

169. kfFry/ lhNnf cf]ofd uflj;j8f g+=* sf OGb|/fh 9sfnnfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf sfo{stf{n] ckx/0f u/L nlu xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

kfFry/ )^)÷^÷@* @)^#÷!@÷@ –@^

170. kfFry/ lhNnf cf]ofd uf=lj=; j8f g+=$ sf 5q sfDafË / ljgo sfDjfËnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{n] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ uf]nL xfgL dfl/Psf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

kfFry/ )^!÷%÷ $ @)^#÷!@÷@ –@^

171. kfFry/ lhNnf gfuL uflj;j8f g+=! sf nf]s]Gb| nS;dnfO{ ;'/IffsdL{x?n] ks|fp u/L xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

kfFry/ @)^).!@.!@ @)^#÷!@÷@ –@^

172. tfKn]h'ª lhNnf km'ªlnª uflj;j8f g+=@ sf gf/bk|;fb lg/f}nfnfO{ xltof/wf/L c1ft ;d'xn] ckx/0f u/L nluPsf] eGg] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

tfKn]h'ª )%(.(.!* @)^#÷!@÷@ –@^

173. tfKn]h'ª lhNnf gfªvf]Nofª uflj;j8f g+=# sf 6fdg vltj8f / uf]kfn clwsf/LnfO{ ;'/Iffkmf}hn] cfˆgf] lgoGq0fdf lnO{ xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf] cg';Gwfg

tfKn]h'ª )^).%.@ @)^#÷!@÷@ –@^

174. tfKn]h'ª / kfFry/ lhNnfaf6 ljleGg ldltdf ljleGg ;dodf ;'/IffsdL{af6 a]kQf agfOPsf] / g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ af6 sAhfdf lnOPsf] elgPsf JolQmx?sf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg h;df ckx/0fsf & j6f ph'/Lx?dWo] lnªlvd ^ sf k|sfz eGg] ls/0f lnDa' / sdn sAhfaf6 km/f/ ePsf] hgfOPsf], km'?Da'–!, lnªlvd–$ ;'/]; / lj/axfb'/nfO{ k|x/Ldf a'emfOPsf] kfOPsf], ph'/Ldf v'nfO{sf cGonfO{ d'Qm ul/lbPsf], kfFry/ lhNnfaf6 ckx/0fdf k/]sf $ hgfnfO{ d'St u/]sf] kfOPsf] .

tfKn]h'ª / kfFry/

ljleGg ldltdf

@)^#÷!@÷@ –@^

175. tfKn]h'ª km'ªlnu –@ sf x]d ;fu/ e§/fO{nfO{ tTsflng zfxL g]kfnL ;g]fn] oftgf lbPsf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] cg';Gwfg

tfKn]h'ª @)^!÷@÷@( @)^#÷!@÷@ –@^


97

176. tfKn]h'ª / kfFry/ lhNnfaf6 ljleGg ldltdf åGåsf sf/0f ljleGg :yfgaf6 lj:yflkt ePsf, km};nf ug{df l9nfO{ ePsf], Hofg dfg]{ wDsL lbPsf] nufPtsf hDdf !! ljifodf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

tfKn]h'ª / kfFry/

ljleGg ldltdf

@)^#÷!@÷@ –@^

177. kfrFy/ lhNnf Rofªyfk' l:yt lji0f' dflWods ljBfnosf] kl/;/df ;'/Iff j]; SofDk /flvPsf] / ;f]af6 afnaflnsf tyf k7g kf7gdf c;/ kg]]{ u/]sf] ljifo pk/ ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg klxnf ljBfnonfO{g} tf/jf/n] 3]/]/ ;}lgs a]; SofDk a;]sf]df nf]stGq axfnLkl5 ljBfnonfO{ 3]/]/ /fv]sf] tf/jf/ x6fPklg a]; SofDk ljBfno;Fu} hf]l8Psf] kfOsf]n] k7g kf7gdf ;d:of b]lvPsf] .

kfFry/ )%( ;fndf :yfkgf ul/Psf]

@)^#÷!@÷@ –@^

178. /fHoåf/f kqmfp kZrft j]kQf kfl/Psf] elgPsf JolQmx? g]skfdfcf]jfbLåf/f sAhf ul/Psf ;DklQ, 3/, hUuf / cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt agfPsf] elgPsf] ph'/Lx?sf] ;fy} xfn} t/fO{sf] lhNnfx?df t/fO{ hgtflGqs ;d'x -Hjfnf / uf]O{t _ af6 ckx/0f ul/Psf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg h;df @* ph'/Lx? dWo] @& hgf d'Qm e};s]sf], ! hgf cem} c1ft /x]sf,] a]kQfsf !* dWo] ( hgf cem} a]kQf g} /x]sf], * hgf l/xf e} ;s]sf] Ps hgfsf] xTof ePsf], * j6f lj:yflkt dWo] ^ j6f :yflkt e};s]sf]

;Kt/L ljleGg ldltdf

@)^#÷!@÷@)—@&

179. df]/Ë lhNnfaf6 ljleGg ldltdf g]skf -dfcf]jfbLaf6_ ckx/0f tyf ;'/IffsdL{n] ;DkQL ;DkQL k|of]u elg lbOPsf % j6f ph'/Lx?sf] ;DaGwdf cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] . ckx/0fdf k/]sf Zofd h+u sfsL, b]jL sfsL{, a]g' a'9fyf]sL / of]u]Gb| nfdf / /lj tfdfËsf] ;DkQL k|of]u ul/Psf]df ;j} ckx/0f d'Qm / ;DkQL k|of]u ug{ 5fl8Psf] kfOPsf] .

df]/ª ljleGg ldltdf

@)^$÷!÷!$

180. /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] ljut ;z:q åGåsf] ;dodf lkl8t, lkl8tsf] kl/jf/, ;3+;:yf Pjd\ ljleGg dfWodaf6 cfof]udf k|fKt ph'/Lx?af/] oyfy{ hfgsf/L lnPsf] cfjZostfg';f/ cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] . ckx/0f, wSsL, ;DkQL sAhf nufPtsf hDdf @@ ph'/Lx?sf] af/]sf 5fgljg tyf cg;Gwfg ul/Psf]df $ j6f ckx/0f d'Qm e};s]sf] ! Hfgf 8f8Laf/L $ sf lbgfgfy /fhazLsf] dfcf]jfbLaf6 xTof ul/Psf] / @ hgfsf] cj:yf cem} v'Ng gcfPsf] kfOPsf]

emfkf ljleGg ldltdf

@)^$÷@÷!% –!(


98

181. e''6fgL ;/0ffyL{ / ;'/IffsdL{ jLr ePsf[]] em8df kl/ @ hgf e'6fgL ;/0ffyL{ -!^ aifL{ of g/ktL 9'ªu]n / @) aifL{of k"0f{ axfb'/ u'?ª_ d[To'' ePs]f 36gfsf] k|f/lDes cg';Gwfg ul/Psf] .

@)^$÷@÷!% –!(

182. ef]hk'/ lhNnf n]vs{ uflj; $ kfgwf/]df /x]sf] ;fem]bf/Ldf rnfPsf] pkef]Stf e08f/df /x]sf] ;femf k;nsf ;fdfgx? ;'/IffsdL{n] cfkm'v;L vfPsf] / hnfO{ g:6 u/]sf] eGg] ljifodf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg .

ef]hk'/ )^@÷!)÷@) @)^$÷)#÷@& –)$÷!#

183. ef]hk'/ lhNnf ltDaf uflj;j8f g+= & h'4 ;'Gbf; -bhL{_ nfO{ g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ sf dflg;n] P] l5gfdv' uflj;j8f g+= # df uf]nL xfgL xTof ul/Psf] elgPsf] 36gfsf] ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cg';Gwfg

ef]hk'/ @)^@÷(÷! @)^$÷)#÷@& –)$÷!#


99

cg';"rL $

ldlt @)^# >fj0f !b]lv @)^$ c;f/ d;fGt;Dd cfof]udf k/]sf ph'/Lsf] ;+Vof l;=g+ dfgj clwsf/ pn+wgsf]

ljifo sf7df08f} lj/f6gu/ g]kfnu~h kf]v/f wgu9L h'Dnf /f]Nkf ?kGb]xL vf]6fª hgsk'

/ hDdf

1 dfcf]jfbLaf6 ckx/0f 72 69 42 10 7 4 7 6 0 7 224

2 ;'/IffsdL{af6 a]kQf 25 3 95 11 17 2 3 1 4 0 161

3 cGoaf6 ckx/0f÷j]kQf 27 55

1 11 1 0 1 5 0 6 107

4 ;'/IffsdL{af6 xTof 32 30 62 29 43 2 9 10 2 9 228 5 dfcf]jfbLåf/f xTof 11 12 25 11 8 3 7 2 8 2 89

6 cGoaf6 xTof 3 0 6 5 2 0 0 5 0 0 21 7 ;'/IffsdL{af6 oftgf 34 5 91 7 16 3 2 2 0 6 166

8 dfcf]jfbLåf/f oftgf 28 4 33 17 4 1 3 3 0 0 93

9 cGo kIfaf6 oftgf ÷b'/Jojxf/ 3 1

1 2 1 0 0 2 1 2 13

10 sfg"gL pkrf/ 10 23 12 2 8 0 0 3 0 2 60

11 ;'/IfsdL{sf] sf/0f lj:yflkt 3 2

0 1 6 0 0 0 0 0 12

12 dfcf]jfbLaf6 lj:yflkt 40 11

31 13 21 2 3 4 5 0 130

13 dfcf]jfbLåf/f ;Dklt sAhf 19 21

19 50 14 2 11 34 2 5 177

cGo kIfaf6;Dklt sAhf

18 0 0 15 0 0 33

14 IftLk"lt{ 50 5 0 0 6 2 0 0 0 26 89 15 dfcf]jfbLaf6 wDsL 37 13 10 9 2 4 5 8 0 2 90

16 ;'/IffsdL{af6 wDsL 3 5 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 17 cGokIfaf6 wDsL 17 5 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 3 28

18 k'g lu/ˆtf/L 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts clwsf/ 19 4 2 0 4 0 4 7 0 2 42

20 ad ljikmf]6 ÷ 3fOt] 0 0 0 2 10 0 11 2 0 0 25 21 afn clwsf/ 15 0 2 4 1 1 2 5 0 0 30

22 dlxnf clwsf/ 16 1 0 4 0 0 2 0 0 1 24 23 ;'rgf tyf ;+rf/ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 4 24 cGo 30 10 46 9 7 0 1 8 0 7 118

hDdf 467 279 480 217 178 26 71 123 23 84 1948


100

cg';"rL %

cfof]uåf/f ljleGg ;dodf hf/L ul/Psf k|]z lj1KtLx?

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no,g]kfnu+h

k|]; lj1lKt

g]kfnu~h, @)^# kmfu'g ! ut] .

g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLåf/f ckx/0f ul/Psf elgPsf Ko"7fg lhNnfsf lbngfy of]uL, ldggfy of]uL, lx/fgfy of]uL, k'ik/fh >]i7 tyf uf]ljGbjxfb'/ j:g]t ;lxt % hgf tyf /f]Nkfsf cflz/fd e08f/L, dg] vqL, cd/ 3lt{ nufot # hgfnfO{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no g]kfnu~h tyf ;Dks{ sfof{no /f]Nkfsf] nfdf] kxn, cg'/f]w tyf cg';Gwfg kZrft g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLåf/f sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ cfTd;ft ub{}] Ko"7fgdf ckxl/t ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ g]kfn k|x/L Ko"7fgdf a'emfOPsf] / /f]Nkfdf ckx/0f ul/Psf elgPsf JolQmx?nfO{ sAhfd'Qm ul/Psf] 36gfnfO{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no g]kfnu~hn] ;sf/fTds ?kdf lnPsf] 5 . ut d+l;/ % ut] g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbL jLrsf] ælj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfÆ tyf df3 ! ut] /fhg}lts ;xdtLåf/f hf/L ul/Psf] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] dd{, efjgf / k|Tofe"t ul/Psf clwsf/x? k|of]u ug{ kfpg] jftfj/0f sfod /fVg, gful/sx?nfO{ eo/xLt jftfj/0fdf afFRg kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrt ug{, sfg"gL /fHosf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ lg/Gt/ cfTd;ft ug{, ldlt @)^#÷!)÷@% ut] ?kGb]xL uh]8L uflj;af6 ckxl/t sfhL k'g eGg] lbks k'gsf] l/xfO ug{ tyf ;z:q åGbsf] ;dodf sAhfdf lnOPsf] elgPsf ljleGg JolQmx?sf] ;Dk"0f{ wg ;DklQsf] nut v8f u/L tTsfn} ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ lkmtf{ ug{ cfof]u g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLnfO{ cfu|x ub{5 . ======================= j]bk|;fb e§/fO{ If]qLo lgb]{zs

kmf]g g+= )*!–%@^&)*, )*!–%@^&)&ˆofS; g+= )*!–%@^&)^, j]a;fO6M www.nhrcnepal.org


101

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)%# cGtu{t :yflkt

k|]; lj1lKt÷kmfu'g !$, @)^#

cfGtl/s lj:yflktsf] ;d:ofk|lt rf;f]

;z:q åGåsf sf/0f cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?n] ljleGg !% a'Fb] dfu /fvL ;~rfng u/]sf] cfGbf]ngk|lt /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] sfof{nosf] Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . cfof]usf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] sf7df8f}+df lj:yflktx?n] ub}{ cfPsf] k|bz{g tyf wgf{ / ltgs'g]df v8f ul/Psf] lzlj/sf] lgoldt cg'udg ;d]t ul//x]sf] 5 . cfof]usf] sfof{noaf6 ul/Psf] cg'udgaf6 hf/L k|bz{gdfly k|x/Laf6 cTolws an k|of]u ePsf], k|bz{gsf/Lx?dfly b'Jo{jxf/ tyf n5f/k5f/ ePsf], ;f] qmddf k|bz{gsf/Lx? 3fOt] ;d]t eO{ c:ktfndf pkrf/ u/]sf] tYo k|fKt ePsf] 5 . cg'udgaf6 k|fKt tYodf ltgs'g]l:yt lzlj/df afnaflnsf nufot *% jifL{o j[4j[4f ;d]t /x]sf], pgLx?sf] cj:yf cToGt gfh's /x]sf], vfBfGg nQfsk8f ;d]tsf] cefj b]lvPsf] 5 .

cfof]un] ldlt @)^@ ;fn h]7 #) ut]b]lv ljleGg ldltdf gf} k6s;Dd k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifbsf] sfof{no / u[x dGqfnonfO{ cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt ePsf JolQmx?nfO{ cfjZos vfBfGg, nQfsk8f, a;f]af;, :jf:y pkrf/, /f]huf/Lsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg, afnaflnsfx?nfO{ lgMz'Ns lzIff pknAw u/fpg, cfjZos Ifltk"lt{ pknJw u/fpg / tTsfn cfjZos /fxt nufot bL3{sfnLg ?kdf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf] nflu cljnDa Joj:yf ug{ l;kmfl/; tyf tfs]tf u/]sf]df xfn;Dd s'g} k|ltlqmof / hafkm k|fKt x'g cfPsf] 5}g .

cfof]usf] sfof{no pQm l;kmfl/; sfof{Gjog ug{ Pj+ hf/L k|bz{gsf qmddf 3fOt] ePsfx?sf] lgMz'Ns pkrf/ ug{ / zflGtk"0f{ k|bz{gdfly an k|of]u gug{ Pj+ dfukqsf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos kxn ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ cfu|x ub{5 . ;fy} dfgjLo ;xfotf ;DaGwL If]qdf sfo{/t ;+3 ;+:yfx?nfO{ lzlj/df tTsfn cfjZos /fxtsf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ;d]t cfof]u cg'/f]w ub{5 . ;fy} g]kfn ;/sf/ / g]=s=kf - dfcf]jfbL _ aLr ePsf] lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] aF'bf g+ %=@=$ df pNn]v ……b'a} kIf ;z:q åGåaf6 pTkGg ljifd kl/l:yltnfO{ ;fdfGoLs/0f ub{} ;dfhdf zflGt sfod u/fpg tyf o'4af6 kLl8t / lj:yflkt JolQmx?sf] nflu /fxt sfo{ / k'g:yf{kg u/fpg /fli6«o zflGt tyf k'g:yf{kg cfof]u u7g ug{ / To;dfkm{t\ o;;DaGwL sfd cufl8 a9fpg ;xdt 5g\ .ÚÚ eGg] k|fjwfg tTsfn / k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;d]t cfof]usf] sfof{no cg'/f]w ub{5 .

=================== w'|j g]kfn

lgldQ ;lrj

xl/x/ ejg, k'Nrf]s, nlntk'/, kmf]g g+= %)!))!% km\ofS; g+= ))(&&–!–%%$&(&#÷&$ kf]=a=g+= (!*@ sf7df8f}, g]kfn, Od]n [email protected] j]a;fO6M www.nhrcnepal.org


102

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no, lj/f6gu/ .

k|]; lj1lKt

sAhfd'Qm ug{ cfu|x lj/f6hu/÷r}q @& df]/Ë lhNnf d[uf}nLof uflj; ^ lgjf;L o"j/fh Gof}kfg] / ;f]xL lhNnf O{Gb|k'/ uflj; ( lgjf;L sfs' yfkfnfO{ ldlt @)^#÷!@÷@^ ut] pbok'/ lhNnfsf] ufO{uf6 hfg]qmddf ;Kt/L lhNnfsf] s~rgk'/af6 hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQm df]rf{ -Hjfnf l;x+ ;d'x_ sf] Ps ;d'xn] ckx/0f ul/ nu]sf] / xfn;Dd lghx?sf] cj:yf c1ft /x]sf] eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ph'/L o; sfof{nodf k|fKt x'g cfPsf] 5 . ;fy}, ut r}q @@ ut] lj/f6gu/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf !! a:g] sfi7 JojzfoL u0f]z a:g]tnfO{ ;Kt/Lsf] s~rgk'/ glhsaf6 ;f]xL ;d"xn] ckx/0f u/L cem};Dd c1ft l:yltdf /fv]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . o;}u/L, hgtflGqs t/fO{ d'lQmdf]rf{ -uf]Ot ;d"x_ n] ut] ut r}q @$ ut] lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L lge/fh hf];L]nfO{ /fhlj/fhaf6 ckx/0f ul/ xfn;Dd klg l:ylt c1ft /x]sf]n] o; sfof{nosf] uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . ctM cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no lghx?sf] lgMzt{ / tTsfn l/xfO{ ug{ ;DalGwt kIfnfO{ k'gM cfu|x ub{5 . ;fy}, cfufdL lbgx?df o; lsl;dsf ultljlwx¿ k'g/fj[lQ gug{ / dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{ ;d]t xflb{s cfu|x ub{5 .

=============================== ;'j0f{ s'df/ sdf{rfo{

lgb{]zs

kmf]g g+= )@!–%#&(#!,)@!–%#&(#@, ˆofS; g+=)@!–%#&(## kf]=j=g+=– !*& df]/Ë, g]kfn, Website:www.nhrcnepal.org


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k|];–lj1lKt÷wgu9L, r}q @*, @)^# dfgj clwsf/ k|bz{gL cfof]hgf x'g]

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn If]qLo sfof{no, wgu9Ln] If]qLo :t/sf] dfgj clwsf/ k|bz{gL ldlt @)^$ a}zfv ( / !) ut] cfof]hgf ug]{ ePsf] 5 . ;f] k|bz{gLdf dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf ;'b"/ klZrdf~rndf sfo{/t ;+3;+:yfx?n]] k|sflzt u/]sf k|sfzgx?, kf]i6/, >Jo b[Zo / cGo lzIff÷;"rgfd'ns ;fdu|Lsf] k|bz{g ul/g] 5 . k|bz{gLdf sfo{qmddf dfgj clwsf/ tyf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjfl;÷hghftL, d'Qm sd}of cflb l;dflGts[t ju{sf] xs clwsf/sf If]qdf sfo{/t ;+3;+:yfx?sf] ;s[o ;xeflutf /xg] 5 . k|bz{gLdf d'Vo cfsif{0fsf ?kdf k|bz{gL sIf, dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL j[Qlrq k|bz{gL, lrqsnf k|bz{gL tyf ;Ff:s[lts sfo{s|d, ;z:q å0åsf] cGTo kl5sf] dfgj clwsf/ cj:yf / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg ;DaGwL cGo d'n'ssf] cg'ej ;+uflnPsf] dfgj clwsf/ k|jrg, ;'b"/ klZrdf~rnsf] dfgjclwsf/ l:ytLsf] hfgsf/L, dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL v'Nnf xflh/L hjfkm k|ltof]lutf cflb /x]sf 5g\ . k|bz{gL sIfx? wgu9L l:yt cf]d Kofn];df /xg] 5g\ . ;'b"/ klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qdf dfgj clwsf/ lzIffnfO{ cem Jofks agfpg] p4]Zon] cfof]hgf ul/g nfu]sf] ;f] k|bz{gLnfO{ ;kmn kfl/lbg' x'g ;Da4 ;a}df sfof{no xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .

=========================== sf]if/fh Gof}kfg]

pk–lgb]{zs÷lgldQ If]qLo lgb]{zs



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/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no,g]kfnu+h

;dfrf/ lj1lKt @)^# r}q #), g]kfnu+h . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, If]qLo sfof{no g]kfnu+haf6 vl6O{ uPsf] If]qLo lgb]{zs j]b e§/fO{, ;+/If0f clws[t xl/ 1jfnL / dfgj clwsf/ clws[t lbk]Gb| axfb'/ l;+x ;lxtsf] 6f]nLåf/f sflnsf]6 lhNnfdf la:t[t zflGt ;Dem}ftf kl5sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfÆ sf] cg'udg sfo{ ;DkGg ul/of] . cg'udgsf] qmddf cfof]usf] 6f]nLn] lhNnfl:yt lhNnf ;'/Iff ;ldlt;F+u la:t[t zflGt ;Dem}ftf kl5sf] lhNnfsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfÆ nufotsf ljljw ljifox?df 5nkmn u¥of] . ;f] cj;/df 6f]nLn] sfg"gsf] zf;gsf]] k|Tofe"t ul/g'kg]{, lj:yflktx?nfO{ ;¥;Ddfg lkmtf{ ul/g'kg]{ / cfufdL lbgx?df dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;Dj4{gdf ;'/Iff lgsfo ;hu /xg' kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] . la:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf / g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# df ;d]t zflGt tyf d]n d]nldnfksf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{, ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] clwsf/ df}lns xss} ?kdf /flvPsf]df u]nf If]qb]lv ;b/d'sfd;Dd ePsf tgfjk"0f{ 36gfx?n] cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf;d]t c;/ kg{ ;Sg] k|jn ;Defjgf ePsf] / u]nf 36gfsf bf]lifx?nfO{ sfg"gL bfo/fdf Nofpg]eGbf /fhg}lts ;xdltsf cfwf/df dfq 6'ËofOPsf]n] b08Lxgtf ;+:s[ltut ?kdf a9\b} uPsf] b]lvPsf] tyf u|fdL0f hghLjg eod'Qm x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffdf gful/sx? ljZj:t x'g sl7g kg]{ l:ylt >[hgf ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L 6f]nLåf/f sfnLsf]6 lhNnfdf g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLåf/f nfdf] ;dob]lv 3/hUufx? sJhf Pj+ tfnfjlGb u/L :jtGq / lgjf{w ?kdf ;Dkltsf] ef]urng ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ xgg\ ePsf] egL kg{ cfPsf] ph'/Lsf ;DjGwdf ldlt @)^# r}q @* ut] sflnsf]6 lhNnfsf g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLsf k|ltlglwx?, cGo /fhg}lts bn, lj:yflktx/m tyf :yflgo k|zf;g;Fu ;fd'lxs 5nkmn u¥of] . pQm 5nkmndf dfcf]jfbLåf/f ljutdf sJhf ul/Psf crn ;DklQx? lkmtf{ uGf]{ elgPsf]df cfufdL !) lbg leq :yflgo:t/df ePsf ;Dk"0f{ ;d:ofx? ;dfwfg u/L lj:yflktx?nfO{ k'gM:yfkgf ug]{ k|ltjåtf hgfPsf]df o; If]qLo sfof{non] g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLsf] pQm k|ltjåtfnfO{ ;sf/fTds ?kdf lnPsf] 5 . ;fy}, g]=s=kf= dfcf]jfbLåf/f JolQmut ;Dkltx? sJhf tyf tfnfjlGb ul/Psf] elgPsf o; dWo klZrd If]qsf ;Dk"0f{ ;Dkltx? lkmtf{u/L cljnDj tfnfjlGb x6fO{ JolQmsf] :jtGqtfk"j{s ;Dkltsf] pkef]u ug{ kfpg] clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{ / JoQm k|ltjåtf kfngf ug{ ;d]t o;} lj1lKt dfkm{t cfu|x ub{5f}+ . xfn;Dd klg sflnsf]6df hftLo lae]b uDeL/ ;d:ofsf] ?kdf b]lvPsf]n] o;tkm{ uDeL/ x'g ;Dk"0f{ /fhg}lts bnx?, k|zf;lgs lgsfox?, ;fdflhs ;+3 ;+:yfx? / ;du|df ;Dk"0f{ gful/sx?nfO{ cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no cfJxfg ub{5 . To;}u/L sflnsf]6 lhNnfdf a[xb zflGt ;Demf}tf kl5 klg a]jfl/;] adaf6 @ hgf afnsx? 3fOt] ePsf] e]l6Psf]n] b'j} kIfn] oqtq /flvPsf adx?, laikmf]6s kbfy{x? tyf dfO{g If]qx?sf] klxrfg u/L cljnDa Jojl:yt ug{ cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no ;DalGwt kIf;+u cfJxfg ub{5 .

===================== j]bk|;fb e§/fO{ If]qLo lgb]{zs

kmf]g g+= )*!–%@^&)*, )*!–%@^&)&ˆofS; g+= )*!–%@^&)^, j]a;fO6M www.nhrcnepal.org


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k|]; lj1lKt÷a}zfv !), @)^$

cfof]usf] cfu|x

k|sflzt ;dfrf/nfO{ lnP/ lbJorIf' ;fKtflxssf sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs clgneQm v/]nnfO{ g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf] eft[ ;+u7g of]Ë sDo"lgi6 lnu -jfO;LPn_ sf sfo{stf{ atfpg] JolQmn] k6sk6s kmf]g u/L ef}lts sf/jfxL ug]{ wDsL lbPsf]] 36gfsf ;DaGwdf cfof]udf ph'/L kg{ cfPsf] 5 . To;}u/L

g]skf dfcf]jfbLsf sfo{stf{x¿n] tfKn]h'Ëdf kqsf/x¿nfO{ e"dflkmof x'g\ eGb} ;fj{hlgs :yndf a]OHht u/]sf], /f]Nkfdf ;dfrf/ ;+sngdf /x]sf lxdfn kflIfssf ;+jfbbftf /fd]Zj/ af]xf]/f / cGgk"0f{

kf]i6 b}lgssf ;+jfbbftf bfdf]b/ e08f/LnfO{ a}zfv ^ ut] cj/f]w u/L s]xL ;do lgo0q0fdf lnPsf], ljkIfdf ;dfrf/ n]v]sf] lj/f]wdf :yfgLo ;~rf/sdL{ lj?4 dfkmL dfUg'kg]{ atfp“b} dsjfgk'/sf] dgx/Ldf a}zfv * ut] rSsfhfd ul/Psf] 36gf tyf xltof/wf/L ;d"xn] /fhwfgL b}lgssf] s]Gb|Lo

sfof{nodf a}zfv ^ ut] cfqmd0f u/L ;jf/L ;fwgdf Iflt k'¥ofPsf] 36gfsf ;DaGwdf cfof]usf]

uDeL/ Wofgfsif{0f ePsf] 5 . dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# tyf ljBdfg sfg"gx¿n]

k|Tofe"t u/] adf]lhd k|sfzg tyf k|;f/0f :jtGqtfsf] Uof/]06L x'g'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lb+b} /fli6«o dfgj

clwsf/ cfof]u ;DalGwt ;a} kIfx¿nfO{ o;k|sf/sf lqmofsnfk gug{ tyf gbf]xf]¥ofpg cfJxfg ub{5 . ;fy} ;~rf/dfWod sfof{no tyf ;~rf/sdL{sf] ;'/Iffk|lt ;+j]bgzLn eO ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ ;d]t cfof]u g]kfn ;/sf/;“u cfu|x ub{5 .

==================

w'|j g]kfn lgldQ ;lrj



106


107


h]7 ^, @)^$

;dfrf/ lj1lKt cfof]udf oyfzL3| kbflwsf/L lgo'lQm ul/g'kg]{

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx¿ oyfzL3| lgo'lQmsf nflu kxn ul/lbg cfu|x ub}{ cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx¿n] k|d'v /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿;Fusf] e]63f6 yfn]sf 5g . o; qmddf cfof]usf sd{rf/Lsf] 6f]nLn] cfh g]kfnL sf+u|];- k|hftflGqs _ sf ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjf tyf g]skf -Pdfn] _ :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o cd[ts'df/ af]x/f;Fu e]6 u¥of] . ;f] qmddf cfof]udf kbflwsf/L lgo'lQm ug{sf nflu cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf tkm{af6 lg/Gt/ kxn ul//x]sf] / o;nfO{ yk k|fyldstf lbO{ nflukg]{ pxfFx¿n] atfpg'eof] . e]6df b'j} kf6L{sf g]tfx¿;Fu cfof]udf …k]l/; l;4fGtÚ sf] dd{ adf]lhd kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lgo'lQm x'g'kg]{ ljifodf ;d]t 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . ;f] qmddf cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx¿n] nfdf] ;dob]lv cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx¿ gx'Fbf dfgj clwsf/ pNn+3g / HofbtLsf 36gfx¿df ul/Psf cg';Gwfgpk/ lg0fo{x¿ Pj+ ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ g;lsPsf] / cfGtl/s Joj:yfkg Pj+ gLlt lgwf{/0fdf ;d]t ;d:of k/]sf] pNn]v u/]sf lyP . cfof]usf lgldQ ;lrj kb\df dfy]dfsf] g]Q[Tjdf uPsf] ;f] 6f]nLdf cfof]usf If]qLo lgb]{zs, pklgb]{zsx¿ / clws[tx¿sf] ;+nUgtf /x]sf] lyof] . o;} ;Gb{edf cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx¿n] g]kfn dhb"/ ls;fg kf6L{sf cWoIf gf/fo0fdfg ljh'S5] / /fli6«o k|hftGq kf6L{sf cWoIf kz'kltzD;]/ /f0ff;Fu klg ;f]xL ljifonfO{ lnP/ e]6 ul/;s]sf 5g\ . o;} ljifonfO{ lnP/ sd{rf/Lx¿n] k|wfgdGqL tyf cGo /fhgLlts bnsf g]tfx¿;Fu klg e]6g] sfo{qmd to u/]sf 5g\ . tTsfnLg kbflwsf/Lx¿n] /fhLgfdfkZrft @)^# c;f/ @% ut]b]lv cfof]u kbflwsf/Lljlxg /x]sf] 5 .

=================== ljdnafa' vqL ;~rf/ clws[t

xl/x/ ejg, k'Nrf]s, nlntk'/, kmf]g g+= %)!))!% km\ofS; g+= ))(&&–!–%%$&(&#÷&$

kf]=a=g+= (!*@ sf7df8f}, g]kfn, Od]n [email protected] j]a;fO6M www.nhrcnepal.org


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dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u P]g, @)%# cGtu{t :yflkt

;dfrf/ lj1lKt÷@! c;f/ @)^$ ;+ljwfg ;efdf afn clwsf/sf ;jfnx¿nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug'{kg]{

nlntk'/ – afn clwsf/sf] If]qdf ;+nUg ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofb]lv ;+ljwfg ;efn] agfpg] gofF ;+ljwfgdf afn clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf, ;+/If0f, k|a4{g / k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;Da4 ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] atfPsf 5g\ .

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] cfh oxfF cfof]hgf u/]sf] …;+ljwfg;efdf afn clwsf/sf ;jfnx¿ ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] bfloTj ljifos cGt/lqmofÚ sfo{qmddf ;xefuL /fhgLlts bn, u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, gful/s ;dfh, cfd ;~rf/ dfWod, afn Snj, ljBfyL{ ;Ë7g, Jofj;flos ;+3÷;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx¿n] ;f] s'/fdf hf]8 lbb}+ To;sf nflu lgDg s'/fx¿df Wofg k'¥ofpg'kg]{ atfP .

-!_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ k|lqmofdf afnaflnsfx¿sf] Aofks

;xeflutfsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ -@_ /fhg}lts bnx¿nfO{ afnclwsf/ ;DaGwL ljifox¿nfO{ r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdf k|fyldstf

lbg / afnaflnsf zflGtIf]qsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ cfu|x ug]{ -#_ ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf afnclwsf/sf] xgg\ gxf]; egL ko{j]If0f / cg'udg ug]{ -$_ ljBfnonfO{ zflGtIf]qsf] ¿kdf sfod ug]{ cleofgnfO{ Aofks¿kdf cufl8 a9fpg] -%_ ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg / ;f] k|lqmofaf6 aGg] gofF ;+ljwfgdf afnclwsf/sf]

;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug{sf nflu afnaflnsfx¿df Aofks¿kdf ;r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿ cufl8 a9fpg]

-^_ afnclwsf/ pNn+3gstf{nfO{ sf/jfxL u/fpg tyf ljutsf] ;z:q åGådf kLl8tnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ tyf kLl8t afnaflnsfx¿sf] lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf vfBfGgsf clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ ;dGjofTds 9+un]] jsfnt ug]{

-&_ afnaflnsfsf If]qdf sfo{/t ;+3;+:yfx¿, ;/sf/L Pj+ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o lgsfox¿jLr ;"rgf tyf cg'ej cfbfgk|bfg, Ifdtf clej[l4 nufotsf If]qdf sfo{ ug{ ;~hfn lgdf{0f ug]{

-*_ lgjf{rgkl5 aGg] ;+ljwfg;efaf6 lgdf{0f x'g] gofF ;+ljwfgdf afnclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / ;'lglZrt ug{ ;femf cleofg ;+rfng ug]{

-(_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] u/]sf lg0f{ox¿sf] sfof{Gjog u/fpg ;a} If]qaf6 kxn ug]{ .

pQm sfo{qmddf afn dhb"/ ;/sf]/ s]Gb| - l;ljg+ _ sf cWoIf uf}/L k|wfgn] ;+ljwfg ;efdf afn clwsf/ ljifodf sfo{kq k|:t't ub}{ ;+ljwfg ;ef lgjf{rg k|lqmof / ;f] ;efn] agfpg] gofF ;+ljwfgdf


109

afn clwsf/ ;'lglZrttf ug{sf nflu ;Dk"0f{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf x'g] atfpg'ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmddf ljleGg ;+3, ;+:yfsf !@) hgf eGbf a9Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

ljdnafa' vqL ;~rf/ clws[t



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111


;dfrf/ lj1lKt÷ ;fpg !^, @)^# k]l/; l;åfGtx¿sf af/]df ;f+;bx¿;Fu 5nkmn ;DkGg

nlntk'/ . /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] k|ltlglw ;ef k//fi6« ;DaGw tyf dfgj clwsf/ ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿, /fhgLlts bnsf k|d'v ;r]ts Pj+ ;r]ts tyf ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwx¿;Fu dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL /fli6«o ;+:yfx¿sf] x}l;ot lgwf{/0f ug]{ l;4fGtx¿ …k]l/; l;4fGtÚ sf af/]df 5nkmn ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] /fhLgdf :jLs[t eO;s]sf] / gofF kbflwsf/Lx¿ lgo'lQmsf nflu u[xsfo{ eO/x]sf] ;Gb{edf cfof]un] of] 5nkmn sfo{qmd cfof]hgf u/]sf] xf] . ;f] sfo{qmddf dGtJo JoQm ub]{ ;efd'v ;'jf; g]DjfËn] xfn}sf] hgcfGbf]ngkl5 d'n's ;+ljwfg;efsf] nIo xfl;n ug{ uO/x]sf] ;Gb{edf cfof]usf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . cfof]unfO{ k]l/; l;4fGt cg'¿k :jfoQ, :jtGq / k|efjsf/L agfpg tyf ;f]xL cg'¿k kbflwsf/Lx¿ lgo'lQmsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn eO/x]sf] 5, pxfFn] eGg'eof] . sfo{qmddf g]kfnl:yt ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 dfgj clwsf/ pRrfo'Qmsf] sfof{nosf k|ltlglw 8]le8 hf]G;gn] k]l/; l;4fGt cg';f/ dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL /fli6«o ;+:yfdf kbflwsf/L lgo'lQm ubf{ kf/bzL{tf / ;xeflutfnfO{ Vofn /fVg'kg]{ pNn]v ub}{ o;;DaGwdf ;a} tx / tKsfdf ax; x'g'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . cfof]usf lgldQ ;lrj w'|j g]kfnn] …k]l/; l;4fGtx¿sf] k[i7e"lddf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u 5nkmn kq Ú zLif{ssf] 5nkmn kq k|:t't ub}{ cfof]usf kbflwsf/L lgo'lQm ubf{ clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if hf]8 lbOg'kg]{ If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{, j:t'k/s / kf/bzL{ 9Ëusf] l;kmfl/; k|lqmof x'g'kg]{ tyf hg:t/df ax; rnfpg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] cfof]usf] l;kmfl/; afWosf/L / cfof]unfO{ cfly{s ¿kdf alnof] agfpg'kg]{df hf]8 lbg'eof] . sfo{qmddf ;f+;bx¿ hok|sfz;k|;fb u'Ktf, gj/fh ;'j]bL, dx]Gb|axfb'/ kf08], ;'/]z sfsL{, s[i0fk|tfk dNn, /fdaxfb'/ lji6, si[0fr/0f >]i7, /f]dL uf}rg ysfnL, uf]ljGb ljqmd zfx, km6Lsaxfb'/ yfkf / rGb|axfb'/ yfkf tyf Gofo kl/ifbsf k"j{ ;lrj sfzL/fh bfxfn nufotn] cfof]unfO{ :jtGq, :jfoQ / k|efjsf/L agfpg] ;Gb{edf cf–cfˆgf] ljrf/ JoQm ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxfFx¿n] cfof]udf kbflwsf/L lgo'lQm k|lqmof k]l/; l;4fGt cg';f/ x'g'kg]{ atfpFb} To;sf nflu ax'ntf, ;dfj]zLs/0f, kf/bzL{tf / lgikIftf h:tf s'/fdf Wofg k'¥ofpg'kg]{ atfpg'eof] . k/f/fi6« ;DaGw tyf dfgj clwsf/ ;ldltsf cWoIf dx]Gb| ofbjn] jt{dfg cj:yfdf cfof]usf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /x]sf] rrf{ ub}{ cfof]unfO{ alnof] / k|efjsf/L agfpg dfgj clwsf/ ;ldlt rgfvf] /x]sf] atfpFb} To;af/]df ;+;bdf lg/Gt/ cfjfh p7fpg tTk/ /x]sf] atfpg'eof] . pxfFn] cfof]u /


112

;ldltaLr lgoldt 5nkmn x'g'kg]{ cfjZostf cf}+NofpFb} To;af6 dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f, k|a4{gdf yk 6]jf k'Ug] ;d]t pNn]v ug'{eof] . sfo{qmdsf] >L ofbjsf] ;efkltTjdf ;DkGg ePsf] lyof] .

ljdnafa' vqL ;~rf/ clws[t

xl/x/ ejg, k'Nrf]s, nlntk'/, kmf]g g+= %)!))!% km\ofS; g+= ))(&&–!–%%$&(&#÷&$

kf]=a=g+= (!*@ sf7df8f}, g]kfn, Od]n [email protected] j]a;fO6M www.nhrcnepal.org


113


-/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] $@ cf}+ /fli6«o afn lbj;sf cj;/df hf/L u/]sf]_

k|]; lj1lKt, ebf} @(, @)^# afn clwsf/sf] ;Ddfg ug{ cfJxfg

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]un] :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} afn clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;r]tgfsf nflu lg/Gt/ / ;lqmotfk"j{s sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . cfof]un] afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/ ;+/If0fsf nflu ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bnx¿ / cGo ;DalGwt kIf ;a}nfO{ lg/Gt/ bjfj lbb}+ cfPsf] o; cj;/df pNn]v ug{ rfxG5' . afn clwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;r]tgfsf If]qdf ljleGg /fli6«o, :yfgLo tyf cGt/f{li6«o u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿n] v]n]sf] e"ldsfn] d'n'sdf afn clwsf/af/]sf] ;r]tgf a[l4 x'g] qmd hf/L 5 . o;sf afah'b, clxn] klg d'n'sdf xhf/f}+ afnaflnsf afn clwsf/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 hf]lvdk"0f{ cj:yfdf /xg afWo 5g\ . ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx¿n] cfˆgf] ;ef, ;df/f]x / k|b{zgx¿df cfd afnaflnsfsf] k|of]unfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO/xg' o;sf] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] . afnaflnsfsf] lzIff / :jf:Yodf k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ u/L afnaflnsfnfO{ /fhgLlts ;ef / k|b{zgx¿df k|of]u ug]{ sfo{ /f]Sg ;Da4 ;a};Fu cfu|x ub{5' . d'n'sdf xhf/f}+ afnaflnsf clxn] klg lzIffaf6 jl~rt 5g\ . To:t} xhf/f}+ afnaflnsf k|fylds :jf:Yo pkrf/s} kof{Kt cefjdf /x]sf 5g\ . csf]{lt/ oftfoft, sn sf/vfgf, xf]6n nufot 3/]n' sfddf afn >lddsf] ;d:of HjnGt ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . ;z:q åGåsf sf/0f lj:yflkt kl/jf/sf afnaflnsf lzIff, :jf:yo, a;f]af;, :jR5 vfg]kfgL / plrt vfg]s'/f h:tf cfwf/e"t clwsf/s} cefjdf jfFlr/x]sf 5g\ eg] ;z:q åGås} sf/0f cgfy aGg afWo afnaflnsfx¿sf] l:ylt klg of] eGbf leGg 5}g . cfof]u afn lbj;sf cj;/df afn clwsf/sf oL nufotsf ;Dk"0f{ ;d:of;Fu h'Wg / afn clwsf/sf] Uof/]G6L x'g] l:ylt l;h{gf ug{ o; If]qdf sfo{/t ;Dk"0f{ ;+3÷;+:yfsf] yk alnof] / ;femf k|of;df hf]8 lbG5 . o;}u/L ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bnx¿ / cGo ;a}nfO{ afn clwsf/sf] ;b}j ;Ddfg / ;f] cg'¿ksf] Jojxf/ ug{ ;d]t o;} cj;/df :d/0f u/fpF5 .

============= w'|j g]kfn

lgldQ ;lrj



114

cg';"rL–^

cfof]uaf6 o; jif{df ePsf k|sfzgx¿sf] ;"rL

qm=;+= k|sfzg ePsf] ;fdu|Lsf] gfd

1 cfly{s jif{ @)^@÷^# sf] jflif{s k|ltj]bg

2 /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] rf}dfl;s k|sfzg ;r]ts - @ c+s _

3 /fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf] rf}dfl;s k|sfzg ;r]ts - # c+s _

4 5 dlxg] cjlwsf] dfgj clwsf/ cj:yf ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg -j}zfv !# b]lv sflt{s !#, @)^#_

5 A Report on Human Rights Situation During The Six Month Ceasefire report Period (April 26-October 30,2006)

6 zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwdf dfgj clwsf/ cj:yf - sflt{s !$, kmfu'g !#, @)^#_

7 Status of Human Human Rights Under the comprehensive Peace Accord ( 31 October 2006- 25 February 2007)

8 Report on the Implementation Status of Existing Laws, Acts, Rules and Facilities Made for the Development, Promotion and protection of the people with disabilities.

9 ckfËtf ePsf JolQmx?sf] clwsf/ ;DaGwL dxf;lGw Pj+ :jo]lR5s k|f]6f]sn @))^

10 lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf @)^#

11 8fo/L @)^$

12 zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwdf dfgj clwsf/ cj:yf - mfu'g !$, @)^# b]lv c;f/ d;fGt @)^$_

13 @)^$ ;fnsf] Sofn]G8/

14 g]kfndf afn clwsf/sf] cj:yf -jfli{fs k|ltj]bg _;g\ @))^

15 ;'b'/ klZrddf cfof]usf] Ps jif{ @)^$- If]qLo sfof[no wgu9Lsf] k|sfzg_

16 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no wgu9Lsf] a|f];/

17 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u klZrdf~rn If]qLo sfof{nosf] ultljlw @)^$

18 /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u If]qLo sfof{no g]kfnu~hsf] ultljlw k'l:tsf @)^$

19 O–a'n]l6g lgoldt k|sflzt u/]sf] =======cªs

20 k]l/; l;4fGt hfgsf/L k'l:tsf

21 alGbsf] clwsf/ a'|:o/


115

22 cfGtl/s lj:yflktx?sf] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L a'|:o/

23 ;+ljwg ;ef / dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL a'|:o/

24 lzIff xfd|f] clwsf/ kf]:6/

25 dnfO{ k9\g b]p, >dsf] ef/L gaf]sfp kf]:6/

26 lzIff, :jf:Yo / dgf]/Ghg xfd|f] clwsf/ kf]:6/


116

cg';"rL–& dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Da4{gsf] nflu cfof]uaf6 ;DkGg ul/Psf lqmofsnfkx?sf] ljj/0f

sf7df08f} qm=; lqmofsnfksf]

ljj/0f ldlt p2]Zo ;xeflu ljj/0f

1. cfof]usf] u7g k|s[of k]l/; l;4fGtx? ;DaGwL cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5nkmn sfo{qmd

@)^#÷$÷!* /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]unfO{ lgikIf, :jtGq / k|efjsf/L agfpg] ;DaGwdf k]l/; l;4fGt cg'?k cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm k|lqmofdf ;3fp k'¥ofpg] .

ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yf tyf gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?sf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] .

cfof]usf] u7gdf ax'ntfnfO{ :jLsf/ ug'{ kg]{ , k]l/; l;4fGt cg'?k x'g kg]{, cfof]usf kbflwsf/Lsf] ;+Vof a9fP/ ax'ntfnfO{ ;d]6\g' kg]{, cfof]usf] lg0f{o afWosf/L agfpg' kg]{ h:tf lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] lyof] .

2. afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;+a4{g r'gf}lt Pjd efjL of]hgf ljifos 5nkmn sfo{qmd

@)^#÷& ÷@ afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;+a4{g ug]{ If]qdf ;Da4 lgsfoåf/f eP u/]sf sfo{qmdx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L /fVg] / efjL sfo{qmd agfpg]

afnaflnsfsf] If]qdf sfd ug]{ ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?sf k|ltlglwsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] .

sfo{qmdaf6 afnclwsf/sf] cg'udg k|ltj]bg k|sfzg, cg';Gwfg / k|j4{gfTds sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug'{ kg]{ h:tf ljifodf ;'emfj k|fKt ePsf

3. jt{dfg cj:yfdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf ljifos 5nkmn sfo{qmd .

@)^#÷)&÷!( dfgj clwsf/sf] tTsflng cj:yfsf] af/]df cjut u/fpg]

cfof]usf] ;Dks{ sfof{no hgsk'/sf] ;efsIfdf kqsf/x? / cf7 /fhgLlts bnx?sf] ;xeflutfdf /x]sf] lyof]

pQm sfo{qmddf g]skf dfcf]jfbL / g]kfn ;/sf/ b'j}n] u/]sf ;Demf}tfsf] cIf/; kfngf ug{ ;DalGwtnfO{ cfu|x ul/Psf]

4. cfGtl/s lj:yfkg ;DaGwdf ul/Psf] cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd

@)^#÷* ÷$ cfGtl/s lj:yfkg ;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt @)^@ sf] cWoog k'g/fjnf]sg ;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf] ;'emfj k|fKt ug]{

ljleGg ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] pkl:ytL /x]sf]

lj:yflktsf] kl/efiff :ki6 x'g'kg]{, åGåsf] sf/0f lj:yflkt eP/ ef/t uPsfx?nfO{ o;n] ;d]6\g g;s]sf], lj:yflktsf] ;DaGwdf :ki6 tYofÍ /fVg] / ph'/L u|x0f ug]{ ;+oGqsf] ljsf; x'g' kg]{ ;'emfj k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .


117

5. lj:yflktx?sf] k'g{:yfkgfsf] clwsf/ ljifos cGtl{qmof sfo{qmd lj:yflktx?sf]

@)^#÷)*÷)$ cfGtl/såGåsf] sf/0f lj:yflkt ePsfx?sf] k'g{:yfkgf ug{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg]

ljleGg /fhgLlts bnx?, gful/s ;dfh, lj:yflktx? tyf lj:yflktx?;F+u ;DalGwt ;ldltx? ;d]tsf] ;xeflutfdf /x]sf]

cfof]usf] ;Dks{ sfof{no hgsk'/df ePsf] sfo{qmddf lj:yflktx?nfO{ ;–;Ddflgt kmsf{pg ;a}sf] kxnsf] cfjZostf cf}+NofOPsf]

6. lj:yflktx?sf] k'g{:yfkgfsf] clwsf/ laifos cGtlqmof sfo{qmd

@)^#÷)*÷)$ cfGtl/s ?kdf lj:yflkt;DaGwL /fli6«o gLlt @)^@ df /x]sf sdL sdhf]/Lx? ;'wf/ ub}{ Nofpg nfu]sf] gLltdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cGt/fli6«o dfkb08 cg'?k agfpg] ;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] /fo ;'emfj lng]

ljleGg ;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlgwLx? / cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx? ;d]t !# hgf k|ltlgwLx?sf] pkl:ytL /x]sf]

k|:tfljt gLltdf lj:yflktsf] :ki6 kl/efiff x'g' kg]{, lj:yflktx?sf] xslxtsf] nflu agfOPsf ;ldltx?df :ki6 tYyfÍ /fVg / ph'/L u|x0f ug]{ lgsfosf] Joj:yf x'g' kg]{ h:tf ;'emfj k|fKt ePsf

7. cGt/f{li6«o dlxnf lbj;sf] cj;/df cfof]lht 5nkmn sfo{qmd

@)^#÷!!÷@$ dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf ePsf pknAwLx?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L lng] / ;f] ljifodf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] wf/0ff a'em\g] p2]Zo /x]sf]

sfo{qmddf ljwfos, /fhgLlts kf6L{sf k|ltlglwx? cfof]usf k'j{ kbflwsf/L, ;/sf/L pRr kbflwsf/L, gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglwx?,, k]zfut ;+3 ;+u7g ljleGg u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf, rnlrqsdL{x? / snfsf/ ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

dlxnf clwsf/ ;DaGwL sfg"gsf] kfngf eP gePsf] cfof]un] cg'udg ug'{ kg]{, dlxnf clwsf/nfO{ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] df}lns xsdf g} Joj:yf ug{' kg]{, rnlrqsdL{x?nfO{ dlxnf clwsf/sf] ;DaGwdf tflnd lbg' kg]{, n}lËs ;Gt'n ldnfpg ljwflosfn] sfg"g agfpg' kg]{, dlxnfsf] /fhgLlts ;lqmotf a9fpg' kg]{, cfof]udf dlxnf ;DaGwL 5'6\6} OsfO :yfkgf ug'{ kg]{, dlxnf ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«sfg"g;Fu aflemPsf sfg"gx? ;Dzf]wg ug'{kg]{ / ;~hfn, ;"rgf / k|ljlwdf dlxnfsf]] kxF'r clej[l4 ug'{ kg]{ ;'emfj k|fKt ePsf lyP .


118

8. cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx?sf]] lgo'lQmsf] nflu ljleGg /fhgLlts kf6L{sf k|d'vx?;Fu ul/Psf] 5nkmn

@)^$÷)@÷)@–@!

/fli6«o dfgj clwfsf/ cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] lgo'lQm k]l/; l;4fGt cg";f/ oyf;So rfF8f] axfnL u/fpg bjfj lbg]

ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf k|d'vx?;Fu ;f]xL kf6L{sf] kf6L{ sfof{nodf 5nkmn ul/Psf]

;a} /fhgLts kf6L{sf k|d'vx?n] pQm ljifodf ;/sf/sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpg] k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf] .

9. afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f tyf ;+a4{g ljifos If]qLo sfo{zfnf uf]i7L -dsjfgk'/_

@)^#÷)*÷$ –%

afnaflnsfsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu Jojl:yt /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g tyf ;+oGqx¿sf] af/]df ;/f]sfnjfnfx¿nfO{{ hfgsf/L lbO{ r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{, åGåsf] k|efjn] afnclwsf/df kf/]sf] hNbfaNbf ;jfnx¿df ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L ;+o'Qm /0fgLlt tof/ kfg]{

;'/Iff lgsfo, dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, kqsf/, afnSna tyf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf k|ltlglwx¿ ;d]t u/L !^ lhNnfaf6 #* hgfsf] ;xeflutf

uf]i7Ldf ;d;fdlos afnclwsf/ ;+/If0f / ;+a4{g r'gf}tL Pj+ efjL sfo{of]hgf / ;Da4 lgsfosf] e"ldsf ljifodf ;d"x 5nkmn ePsf], lhNnf k|ltj]bg k|:t'ltsf] nflu ;do pknAw u/fPdf /fd|f] x'g] ;'emfjx¿ k|fKt ePsf lyP . sfo{qmddf af?bL ;'?+u / lj:kmf]6shGo kbfy{ ;Gbe{ ;d:of, r'gf}lt / tTsfn rfNg'kg]{ ;DalGwt lgsfox¿sf] bfloTj ljifos / ljBfnodf afn ;'ne jftfj/0fsf] cj:yf / ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] bfloTj ljifos sfo{kq k|:t't ul/Psf] lyof]] .

10. Dffgj clwsf/ tyf afnclwsf/ ;r]tgf uf]i7L-lrtjg ;f}/fx_

@)^#÷)*÷!^– !&

dfgj clwsf/ Pjd\ afnclwsf/sf ljifox¿nfO{{ On]S6«f]lgs ldl8ofaf6 klg cem ;zSt ?kdf s;/L cufl8 a9fpg ;lsG5 / s] s:tf ljifox¿nfO{{ s]lGb|t ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{]

>Jo, b[Zo If]qdf sfo{/t lgdf{tf, lgb]{zs tyf n]vsx¿ / cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx¿ ;d]t u/L @* hgfsf] ;xeflutf

uf]i7Ldf dfgj clwsf/ Pjd\afnclwsf/sf] ;+a4{gsf] nflu Rfnlrq If]qdf dfgj clwsf/ ;]n agfpg' kg]{, ;Da4 lgsfox¿jLr ;xsfo{ tyf ;~hfn lgdf{0f ug'{kg]{, afnclwsf/ ;r]tgfsf nflu >Jo b[Zo ;fdu|Lsf] dfWodaf6 cfd hgdfg;df ;xL, lbuf] / k|efjsf/L r]tgf k|jfx ug'{kg]{, h:tf ;femf ;xdlt ePsf] lyof] . ;fy} snfsf/x¿n] dfgj clwsf/nfO{{ arfO{ /fVg]5f}+ eGg] nufot ljleGg k|ltj4tf JoQm u/]sf lyP .


119

11. afnaflnsfx¿sf] clwsf/ / ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"lt ljifos pkTosfJofkL Affn lrqsnf k|ltof]lutf

@)^#÷)%÷ @*

afnaflnsf :jo+df lrqsnfdfkm{t afnclwsf/sf] r]tgf hufpg]

sfo{qmddf s"n #( ljBfno tyf ;+:yfaf6 !) b]lv !^ jif{;Ddsf *) afnaflnsf ;xefuL ePsf]

afnaflnsfn] lrqsnf dfkm{t afnclwsf/sf] ;Gb]z lbg ;kmn ePsf] . k|ltof]lutfsf] ljhoL afnaflnsfnfO{{ /fli6«o afn lbj;sf] cj;/df cfof]lhtljif]z sfo{qmddf gub k'/:sf/ tyf tfd| kbs ljt/0f ul/Psf]] lyof]

12. /fi6«JofkL afnsyf k|ltof]lutf

/fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uåf/f afnaflnsf :jo+df afnclwsf/sf] r]tgf hufpg] p2]Zon] %* cf}+ cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ lbj; -!) l8;]Da/ @))^_ sf] pknIodf cfof]lht

!* jif{ pd]/ ;d"xsf ljleGg ljBfno tyf ;+w ;+:yfsf afnaflnsf ;xefuL ePsf]

afnaflnsfx?sf] ;[hgfTds k|ltefnfO{ aflx/ Nofpg ;kmn ePsf] . k'/:s[t 5fq5fqfx¿nfO{{ cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ lbj;sf] cj;f/df cfof]lht sfo{qmddf gub k'/:sf/ ;lxt tfd| kbs ljt/0ful/Psf]] lyof] .

13. ;+ljwfg;efdf afnclwsf/sf] ;jfnx? ;'lglZrt ug]{ ;DaGwdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] bfloTjÚ ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd,

@)^#÷)#÷ @! ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf nflu /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf afnclwsf/sf ;jfnx¿nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ u/fpg / afnaflnsf zflGt If]q x'g eGg] k|ltj4tfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;r]t Pj+ hfu?s t'Nofpg] / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|s[ofdf afnaflnsfsf] ;xeflutf ;'lglZrttfsf] nfuL of]ubfg k'¥ofpg]

afnSnasf ;b:ox?, /fhg}lts bn, ljleGg ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3 ;+:yf, lzIfs tyf ljBfyL{ o'lgogsf, KofJ;g tyf Pg KofJ;gsf k|ltlgwLx¿, kqsf/ ;d]tsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf]

cfufdL lbgdf x'g] ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf efu lng] ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿n] cfkm\gf bnsf] 3f]if0ffkqdf afnclwsf/sf ;jfnx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ug]{ / lgjf{rgsf] cjlwdf s;}af6 klg afnaflnsfnfO{ c;/ x'g] u/L, cfGbf]ng h:tf sfo{ gul/g] ;fy} ckx/0f, sJhf, rGbf c;'nL, ljBfno ;+rfngdf cj/f]w h:tf sfo{ sxL s;}af6 ul/g] 5}g / afnaflnsf zflGt If]q x'g eGg] k|ltj4tf ;lxt sfo{fGjogdf cf cfkmgf] tk{maf6;xefuLx?n] cfjZos kxn ug]{ k|lta4tf JoQm

cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no g]kfnu~h

14. cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/ tflnd

)^#÷(÷@*–@( dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL cjwf/0fsf] ljsf; ug]{

/f]Nkf lhNnfsf #) j6f uflj;sf ;lrjx?

;xefuLx?n] dfgj clwsf/sf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf


120

15. /f]Nkfdf dfgj clwsf/ ljifodf cGtlq{mof tyf 5nkmn sfo{qmd

@)^#÷!!÷# dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yf tyf lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf a'‰g] tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ;xsfo{ clej[l4 ug]{

/fhg}lts bn, kqsf/, ;+3–;+:yf tyf gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox?sf] pkl:ytL /x]sf]

sfo{qmddf dfgj clwsf/sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] af/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] .

16. /f]Nkfdf cGtlq{mof tyf 5nkmn

@)^#÷!@÷@! lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf a'‰g] tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ;xsfo{ clej[l4 ug]{

/fhg}lts bn, kqsf/, ;+3–;+:yf tyf gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox?


17. /f]Nkfdf cGtlq{mof tyf 5nkmn

@)^$÷!÷@% / @^

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf a'‰g] tyf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fu ;xsfo{ clej[l4 ug]{

/fhg}lts bn, kqsf/, ;+3–;+:yf tyf gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox?


18. cGtlq{mof tyf 5nkmn

@)^$÷)@÷@# 36gfsf]] ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lng] /fhg}lts bn, kqsf/, ;+3–;+:yf tyf gful/s ;dfhsf ;b:ox?

)^#÷@÷!& ut] /f]Nkf lhNnfsf] efjfª uflj; df g]=s=kf=dfcf]jfbL sfo{stf{x?n] ufpFsf ;j{;fwf/0fnfO{ s'6kL6 u/]sf] tyf sAhfdf lnPsf] 36gfsf ;DaGwdf hfgsf/L lng sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] .

cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no wgu9L

19. If]qLo sfo{fnosf] jflif{s pT;j sfo{qmd ;DkGg

@)^# ÷!!÷ !& Ps jif{ leqdf If]qLo sfo{fnon] u/]sf] ;+/If0f / ;Da4{g ;DaGwL sfdsf] hfgsf/L u/fpg tyf dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfo;Fu ;dGjo ug{] .

;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlgwL, ;/sf/L tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|ltlgwL, /fhgLtLs kf6L{ gful/s ;dfh tyf kqsf/x? ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf .

sfo{qmddf ;d;fdlos dfgj clwsf/s]f cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf] ;fy} cfof]un] u/]sf sfo{x?sf] af/]df cjut u/fOPsf] lyof]]

20. arfp / ;'/Iffsf] nflu cfof]hgf ul/Psf] tflnd

@)^# ÷!@÷ #)–,@)^$÷)!÷ )!

cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?sf] nflu ;'/Iff / ;t{stfsf] ljifodf af/]df cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx? nfO{

If]qLo sfo{fnosf ;Dk"0f{ sd{rf/Lx? .

cfof]usf sd{rf/Lx?n] cfˆgf] / k|df0fx?sf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|fKt u/]sf] .


121

;r]t u/fpg] .

ljBfno :t/Lo lrqsnf k|ltof]uLtf÷k|bz{gL

@)^$÷)!÷ ^ lrqsnf dfkm{t afnclwsf/sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg]

ljleGg ljBfnosf !) hgf ljBfyL{x?

afnaflnsfx? lrqsnf dfkm{t afnclwsf/sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg ;kmn

21.

cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no wgu9Ldf dfgj clwsf/ k|bz{gL

@)^$÷)!÷ ( –!)

dfgj clwsf/ k|bzgL{ dfkm{t dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Da4{g ug]{

;+3 ;+:yfsf k|ltlgwL, ;/sf/L tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|ltlgwL, /fhlgtLs kf6L{, gful/s ;dfh, kqsf/ lzIfs, ljBfyL{ tyf ;j{;fw/0f u/L

#%)) eGbf a9Lsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] k|bz{gLdf ljleGg dfWofdaf6 dfgj clwsf/sf] ;Da4{g ug{ ;kmn ePsf]

22. aGb ljBfno v'nfpg] ;DaGwdf cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd

@)^$÷)@÷ !# ljBfno aGb lkmt{f lng kxn ug]{ lhNnf lzIff clwsf/L PABSON tyf N-PABSON sf k|d'v, lzIfs, gful/s ;dfh, ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

aGb /x]sf ljBfnox?v'nfpgsf] nflu kxn ug]{ ;xdlt ePsf]

23. dfgj clwsf/ tflndsf] lk5fjnf]sg sfo{qmd

@)^$÷)@÷ !^ tflndkl5 ;xefuLx?df dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL 1fg af/] 5nkmn ug]{ .

s[ifs enfO{ ;xsf/L ;+:yfsf cWoIf, ;lrj tyf k|ltgLwLx? u/L #) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifodf ;xefuLx?df c:ki6 ePsf ljifox?sf] ;DaGwdf :ki6 kfg{ ;kmn ePsf] .

24. 8f]6L, 88]Nw'/f / s~rgk'/ lhNnfdf hftLo 5'jf5't ;DaGwL ljBfno sfo{qmd

@)^$÷ )#÷ ^ – !*

hftLo 5'jf5't lj?4 ljBfyL{ tyf lzIfsx?nfO{ hfu/0f ug]{ .

sIff ( / !) sf ljBfyL{, ljBfnosf lzIfs, blnt ;+:yfsf k|ltgLwL tyf cfof]usf sd{rf/L u/L hDdf #&% hgfsf] ;xeflutf .

cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/sf] ljifodf ;xefuLx?df hfgsf/L lbg ;kmn ePsf] .


122

25. lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf ;DaGwL 5nkmn sfo{qmd

@)^$÷)# ÷@* lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tf sfo{Gjog tyf lj:yflktx?sf] 3/ hUuf lkmt{f ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ug]{ .

/fhgLlts bn, ;'/Iff lgsfo, k|zf;g, gful/s ;dfh,kqsf/, åGå kLl8t tyf lj:yflkt u/L hDdf &) hgfsf] ;xeflutf .

lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfsf] cjlwdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] .

26. cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/ tflnd

@)^$÷)# ÷@( dfgj clwsf/ ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t tflnd pknAw u/fpg]

cfof]usf] If]qLo sfo{fno kf]v/f, wgu9L / g]kfnu~hsf ;xfos :t/sf sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

;xefuLx?df dfgj clwsf/sf cfwf/e"t ljifox?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] .

cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no kf]v/f 27. Using Visual

Media for evidense collection ljifos tflnd ;+rfng

@)^#÷%÷@^–@(cg';Gwfgsf nflu k|df0f ;+sngdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] pb]Zon] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u / /fi6«;+3Lo dfgj clwsf/ pRrfcfo'Qmsf] sfof{nosf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ul/Psf] sfo{qmd

/fli6«o dfgjclwsf/ cfof]usf klZrdf~rn tyf dWo] klzrdf~rn If]qdf sfo{/t ;+/If0f clws[tx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

tflndaf6 k|df0fsf] nflu 36gfx?sf] kmf]6f] s;/L lvRg] / o;sf] s:tf] dxTj /x]sf] x'G5 eGg] ljifodf 1fg / lzk k|fKt ePsf] lyof] .

28. k|x/L clws[tx?sf] nflu j'6jndf cfof]lht ædfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gÆ ljifos @ lbg] tflnd sfo{qmd

@)^#÷&÷@#–@$

k|x/L clws[tx?sf] nflu dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gsf]] af/]df cjut u/fpg]

n'lDjgL c~rn cGt{utsf g]kfn k|x/L tyf ;z:q k|x/Lsf h'lgo/ clws[tx? ;d]t u/L hDdf @& hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gsf] ;}4flGts tyf Jojxfl/s kIfx?sf] jf/]df 5nkmn ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{qmdnfO{ d'ntM hLjgkof]uL agfpgsf] nflu ;xefuLx? jLr cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg / Jojxfl/s cEof;df hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof]

29. dfgj clwsf/, dfgjLo sfg"g, To;sf] pNn+3g, cg'udg / cg';Gwfg ;DjGwL

@)^#÷(÷@^ / @*

:yfgLo ;d'bfodf /xL dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfd ul//x]sf] o'jfx?sf] dfgj clwsf/ cg'udg tyf cg';Gwfg Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ /x]sf] lyof]

cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no, kf]v/f / g]kfn dfgj clwsf/ ;+u7g, klZrdf~rn If]qLo sfof{noåf/f cfof]lht

tflnddf ;xefuLx?n] dfgj clwsf/ / dfgjLo sfg"gsf] ljifodf hfgsf/L x'g'sf] ;fy} dfgj clwsf/ cg'udg / k|ltj]bg n]vg tyf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uaf/] cfwf/e't hfgsf/L xfl;n u/]sf


123

# lbg] tflnd sfo{qmd

pQm tflnddf ( hgf dlxnf ;d]t @) hgfsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

30. cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgdf cfof]u / gful/s ;dfhsf] e'ldsf ljifos cGtlqm{of sfo{qmd

@)^#÷!)÷@@ h]7df x'g] elgPsf] ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf cfof]u / gful/s ;dfhn] v]Ng ;Sg] e'ldsfx? klxrfg ug{ / :jtGq Pj+ lgikIf lgjf{rg s;/L u/fpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn ug{]

dfgj clwsf/sf] If]qdf sfo{/t u}/–;/sf/L ;+3;+:yf, ;/sf/L tyf ;'/Iff lgsfosf k|d'v, ;~rf/sdL{, /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlgwL nufot gful/s ;dfh ;d]tsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no, kf]v/fsf] cfof]hgfdf kj{t lhNnfsf] n"Dn]df ;+rflnt sfo{qmddf lgjf{rgnfO{ lgikIf / k|efjsf/L agfpgsf] nflu ljleGg ju{ ;d'bfosf] e"ldsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ul/Psf]

31. kf]v/fdf ædfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gÆ ljifos @ lbg] tflnd sfo{qmd

@)^#÷!!÷!) / !!

k|x/L clws[tx?sf] nflu dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gsf]] af/]df cjut u/fpg]

k|x/L clws[tx?sf] ;xeflutf

dfgj clwsf/ tyf dfgjLo sfg"gsf] ;}4flGts tyf Jojxfl/s kIfx?df 5nkmn ub}{ d'ntM hLjgkof]uL agfpgsf] nflu ;xefuLx?jLr cg'ej cfbfg k|bfg / Jojxfl/s cEof;df hf]8 lbOPsf] lyof]

32. cfufld ;+ljwfg ;ef / gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf ljifos cGt{lqm{of sfo{qmd

@)^#÷!!÷@# /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u / dw]zL hgclwsf/ cg'udg ;~hfnsf] ;+o'Qm cfof]hgfdf ;~rflnt sfo{qmdsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] s;/L ;+/If0f / ;da4{g ug{ ;lsG5 / cfufld ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rgdf gful/s ;dfhsf] e"ldsf s] x'g ;S5 eGg] ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{ p2]Zo /x]sf]

sfo{qmddf kqsf/ dfgj clqwsf/sdL{, sfg"g JojzfoL, ljleGg /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglwLx? / ;~hfnsf;b:ox? ;d]t #( hgfsf] pkl:ytL /x]sf] lyof] .

dw]zsf cfgbf]ngnfO{ ;+jf]wg gu/L ;ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg x'g g;Sg], cfgbf]ngsf] qmddf dw]zL hgtfsf] dfgj clwsf/sf] xgg ePsf] / ;f] ljifodf dfgj clwsf/jfbL ;+3 ;+:yfn] cg'udg gu/]sf] eGg] egfOx? ;xeflusf] tkm{af6 cfPsf] / cfof]usf] sfd st{Josf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg sfo{qmd ;kmn ePsf] lyof] .


124

33. /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, If]qLo sfof{no, kf]v/fsf] bf]>f] jflif{sf]T;j sfo{qmd

@)^$÷)!÷@! dfgj clwsf/ cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg] / cfof]un] u/]sf sfo{x?sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg]

gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlgwLx?, ;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlgwLx?, g]kfnL ;]gf, klZrd k[tgfsf k[tgfklt, g]kfn k|x/Lsf gfoj k|x/L dxflg/LIfs, ;z:q k|x/L jnsf ;z:q k|x/Lx?sf] ;d]t pkl:ytL

k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf GofowLz b]j]Gb|/fh zdf{sf] k|d'v cfltYotf tyf dfggLo ;+f;b r'8fdl0f h+unL / If]qLo k|zf;s d]bgL k|;fb zdf{sf] ljz]if cfltYotfdf ;+rflnt sfo{qmddf cfof]usf] e'ldsfdf sxL+st}af6 cfFr cfpg lbg' gx'g], gful/sx?sf] clwsf/ /Iffsf] nflu cfof]u ;b}j lqmofzLn /xg' kg]{, cfof]udf kbflwsf/Lx?sf] oyfl;3| lgo'lQm x'g' kg]{ h:tf wf/0ffx? ;xefuLaf6 cfPsf lyP .

34. slknj:t' lhNnfdf afnclwsf/ Pj+ dfgj clwsf/sf] jt{dfg cj:yf ljifos cGt/lqmof sfo{qmd

@)^#÷)!÷@^ afnclwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L cfbfg k|bfg ug]{

gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlgwL, /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltlglw, dfgj clwsf/;Fu ;DjlGwt u}/–;/sf/L ;+3–;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

afnclwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] .

35. kfNkf lhNnfdf afnclwsf/ Pj+ dfgj clwsf/sf] jt{dfg cj:yf ljifos dfgj clwsf/ lzIff sfo{qmd

@)^#÷)!÷@^ afnclwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L cfbfg k|bfg ug]{

kfNkf lhNnfdf lqmoflzn ljleGg afn Snjx?sf k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutfdf

afnclwsf/sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L k|fKt ePsf] .

36. ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] demujf uflj;sf] drf{jf/ cfb{z dfWoflds ljBfnodf dfgj

@)^#÷)*÷! afnaflnsfdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg],

ljBfnosf afnaflnsfx? afnaflnsfdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg ;kmn ePsf]


125

clwsf/ lzIff sfo{qmd

37. ;+ljwfg ;efsf] r'gfj / blnt ;d'bfosf] e"ldsf ljifos Ps lbg] k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd

@)^$÷)!÷!% afnaflnsfdf dfgj clwsf/sf]cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg],

?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] d'lu{of pRr dfWoflds ljBfnodf ;+rflnt sfo{qmdf ljBfnosf afnaflnsfx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]

afnaflnsfdf dfgj clwsf/sf] cfwf/e"t hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpg ;kmn ePsf]

cfof]usf] If]qLo sfof{no lj/f6gu/

38. ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf dfgjclwsf/sdL{ / u}/;/sf/L ;+3;+:yfsf] e"ldsf ljifos uf]i7L

@)^$÷)#÷#) ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf dfgjclwsf/sdL{ / u}/;/sf/L ;ª\3;+:yfsf] e"ldsf / cfof]u u};;jLr ;xsfo{ jf ;dGjosf] klxrfg ug]{ .

vf]6fªsf] lbSt]ndf ;+rflnt sfo{qmddf dfgj clwsf/sdL{, kqsf/, sfg"gJoj;foL, u};;sf k|ltlglw cflbsf] pkl:ylt lyof]

ufpF ufpF;Dd k'Ug' k5{ / ;a}nfO{ ;+ljwfg ;efsf af/]df a'emfpg ;Sg' kg]{, ;+ljwfg ;efsf] lgjf{rg lgikIf, :jtGq / eo/lxt jftf/0fdf ;DkGg ug{ :yfgLo u};;x?sf] dxTjk'0f{ e'ldsf v]Ng'kg]{, cfof]un] cg'udg ug'{ kg]{ h:tf lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] lyof] .

39. vf]6fª lhNnfsf] P];]n' vs{df cfwf/e't dfgj clwsf/ ;+alGw sfof{zfnf uf]i7LÆ

@)^$÷)@÷!# cfwf/e't dfgj clwsf/sf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg]

:yfgLo ;+3 ;+:yfx?sf k|ltgLlw, ;/sf/L lgsfosf sd{rf/L, :yfgLo /fhgLlts bnsf k|ltgLlwx?, gful/s ;dfhsf cu'jfx?;d]tsf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .

;xefuLx?nfO{ dfgj clwsf/sf] cfwf/e't kIfsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fpg ;kmn /x]sf]


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cg';'rL—(

National Human Rights Commission Hariharbhawan ,Pulchock,Lalitpur

Yearly Financial Statement of fiscal year 063/064 Income Expenditure

S.N. Income Amount (Rs.) S.N. Expenditure Amount

1 Bank balance( b/d) 5,198,474.20 1 Net expenditure 27,193,001.23

Jit 1736.54 CDNHRC Monitoring Programme 16,642,883.00

ILO 100.20 CHRF Inkind support 272,328.25

The Asia Foundation(Rappo Office) 24,782.48 Effective of complaint handling system programme(canadian) 35,575.00

Effective of complaint handling system programme(CHRC) 719,813.00 Child Rights desk programme(SCN/N) 1,708,937.29

AUSAID 62,339.31 IDP 343,247.88

UNHCR(Dalit Projects) 190,777.93 The Asia Foundation 7,750,230.30

Expansion of outreach Projects 966,184.59 ILO 12000.00

Expansion of outreach Projects 84,722.87 UNIFEM 427799.51

CDNHRC Monitoring Programme 1,585,062.57 2 Fund Refund Expenses 158,531.69

Child Rights desk programme(SCN/N) 1,862.74 UNIFEM 158,531.69

CHRF Inkind support+Miscellaneous income 182,758.02 3 Telephone Amount Deposit 40,000.00

40,000.00

Miscellaneous 6,564.65 4 Dharauti settlement 72000 72,000.00

IDP 785438.1 5 Advance 4,046,024.63

UNIFEM 586331.2 Dhangadhi,pokhara,Biratnagar, Nepalgunj TAF 2,122,719.09

2 Dharauti 108584.42 108,584.42 Advance TAF 30,000.00


130

3 Income Received during this period

30,687,328.61 Jit 5.00

CHRF+Miscellaneous Income 142,094.36 Nepalgunj, Biratnagar and Pokhara transfer amount(EU) 1,207,416.34

CDNHRC Monitoring 15,076,476.39

Nepalgunj, Biratnagar ,Pokhara transfer amount(CDNHRC) 234,597.90

Child Rights desk programme(SCN/N) 2,388,918.06 Nepal Bar Association(The Asia Foundation) 9,064.10

The Asia Foundation 13,067,940.00

Dhangadhi,pokhara,Biratnagar, Nepalgunj,Child Rights 442,222.20

ILO 11899.8 6 Bank Balance 5,989,015.73

4 Advance (b/d) 1,500,770.47 Jit 1,736.54

Jit 5.00 The Asia Foundation(Rappo Office) 24,782.48

Nepal Bar Association(The Asia Foundation) 9,064.10

Effective of complaint handling system programme(CHRC) 684,238.00

Nepalgunj, Biratnagar and Pokhara transfer amount(EU) 1,207,416.34 AUSAID 62,339.31

IDP 243,619.67 CDNHRC Monitoring Programme 10,650.90

Child Rights desk programme(SCN/N) 225.20 UNHCR(Dalit Projects) 190,777.93

CDNHRC Monitoring 126,154.96 Expansion of outreach Projects 966,184.59

ChildrenChild Rights desk programme Payables (103,714.80) Expansion of outreach Projectsin Euro 84,722.87

CDNHRC Monitoring Programme 18,000.00 Child Rights desk programme(SCN/N) 136,131.71

CHRF Inkind support+Miscellaneous income 52,524.13

5 Telephone Deposit 40,000.00 40,000.00 Miscellaneous 6,564.65 IDP 685,809.89

6 Dharauti Received 49,300.00 49,300.00 The Asia Foundation 3,082,552.73

7 Dharauti Balance 85884.42 85884.42


131

7 Release Amount from District Treasury Office(GON)

9,561,817.93 8 Net Expenditure (GON)

9,561,817.93

Sub-Total 47,146,275.63 Sub-Total

47,146,275.63


132

cg';'rL—!)

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a]?h',a]?h' km5\of{}6 jflif{s k|ult ljj/0f,@)^#÷)^$

!=dxfn]vf k/LIfssf] k|ltj]bg @)^# cg';f/ jf cf=j=@)^#÷)^$ df km5\of{}6 ug'{kg{] hDdf j]?h' ?=12,260,031.52

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km5\of}{6 k|ltzt=82=83Ü

#=pQm g+= @ sf] hDdf km5\of{}6 dWo] c;"n pk/ e} km5\of{}6 ?=128,062.27

$=afFsL j]?h'

-s_ afFsL a]?h' -g+= ! af6 @ s§f u/L afFsL_ 2,104,782.27

-v_ pko'{Qm g+=@ jdf]lhd ;Dk/LIf0f ubf{ a]?h' ylkPsf] ePdf ylkPsf] a]?h' –

-u_ cf=j=@)^#÷)^$ df ePsf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 yk ePsf] g+=% adf]lhdsf] j]?h' ?=2,345,206.80

hDdf cf=j= @)^$÷@)^% df km5\of{}6 ug'{kg{] a]?h' ?=4,449,989.07

%=cf=j=@)^#÷)^$ df n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] hDdfhDdL c+s ?=68,577,992.65

pQm n]vfk/LIf0f ePsf] dWo]af6 lg:s]sf] j]?h' c+s ?=2,345,206.80

n]vfk/LIf0f c+saf6 lg:s]sf] a]?h' k|ltzt 0=03Ü

^=d=n]=k= k|ltj]bg,@)^# cg';f/ hDdf a]?h' c+s ?=3,434,000.00

To; dWo] c;"n pk/ ug'{kg{] a]?h' 164,000.00

-s_ cf=j=@)^#÷)^$ df pko'{Qm g+=@ adf]lhd km5\of{}6 dWo] c;'n ePsf] ?=128,062.27

-v_ s'df/L rf]s s]lGb|o txl;n sfof{nodf nut s;fO{ km5\of{}6 ePsf] ?=–

&=cf=j=@)^#÷)^$ df km5\of{}6 ug'{kg{] k]ZsL 194,343.44

cf=j=@)^#÷^$ df km5\of{}6 –

cf=j=@)^#÷)^$ sf] afFsL

cf=j=@)^#÷)^$ sf] n]vfk/LIf0faf6 yk ?= – hDdf

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133

cg';'rL—!!


134

cg';'rL—!!

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fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof ]u, xl/x/ ejg nlntkb ]zdf ljut nfdf ] ;dob ]lv /fHo / g ]kfn sDo 'lgi6 kf6L...

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