Fina struktura
-
Upload
matko-muzevic -
Category
Documents
-
view
44 -
download
2
description
Transcript of Fina struktura
![Page 1: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Sveučilište Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u OsijekuOdjel za fiziku
Vježba iz kolegija Viši fizikalni praktikum
Matko Mužević
Osijek, travanj 2012.
![Page 2: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Bohrov model atoma
![Page 3: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Schrődingerova jednadžba
![Page 4: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Potencijal oblika:
nam daje što se događa u vodikovu atomu
Rješenja za energije:
![Page 5: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Zanimljivi su nam skokovi u n = 2 jer oni pripadaju vidljivom spektru
No, zumiramo li malo...
![Page 6: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
cijepanje spektralnih linija nazivamo fina struktura
kako objasniti?
relativistički popravci? spin?
![Page 8: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Klein – Gordon – Fockova jednadžba
pokušaj poopćenja na relativističke čestice
![Page 9: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
jednadžba otvara mnogo pitanja
nas zanima vodikov atom
uz
![Page 10: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
za energiju dobivamo:
Na kraju K-G-F predviđa:
Što je tri puta veće nego što bi trebalo biti!
![Page 11: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Diracova jednadžba
mora se svesti na K-G-F – iz tog uvjeta znamo:
![Page 12: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Diracova jednažba ima više lijepih strana ali i riješava naš problem!
![Page 13: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
za razliku između energija dobivamo
Sve je valjalo do Lambovog pomaka!
![Page 14: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
postoji i druga metoda, preko računa smetnji
uzimaju se popravke prvog reda za kinetičku energiju i spinska interakcija
jednoelektronski spektar – sličan vodikovom
![Page 15: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
dvoelektronski spektar (helij)
![Page 16: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
tvorba singleta i tripleta
izborna pravila
pri većim Z drugačije ponašanje
![Page 17: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Griffiths, D. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall, Inc., 1995.
Phillips, A.C. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, West Sussex, John Wiley & Sons Ltc., 2003.
Schiff, L. Quantum Mechanics, McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1968. Zovko, N. Osnove relativističke kvantne mehanike, Zagreb, Školska knjiga,
1987. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_structure 12. 4. 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction_grating 12. 4. 2012. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics) 12. 4. 2012.
![Page 20: Fina struktura](https://reader036.fdocument.pub/reader036/viewer/2022062303/553091324a795942308b4798/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)