Fibrele textile2
Transcript of Fibrele textile2
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Gurau Octavian Stefan Ploianu
Hurlup Lorenzo
Fibrele textile
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Clasificare Fibre naturale: - proteice; - celulozice.
Fibre artificiale: - Fibre celulozice: - din celuloza regenerata; - din celuloza modificata chimic
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Fibrele naturale proteice
• Parul de la animale (lâna, parul din blana animalelor) sunt fibre proteice.
• Cele mai importante: cele din matase
naturala si lana.
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SERICINA
FIBROINA
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Structura proteica
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Fibre naturale celulozice
Fibrele celulozice au un grad de policondensare care difera de la un material celulozic la altul.
Printre fibrele celulozice naturale se numara cele obtinute din : bumbac, in, canepa, iuta, etc.
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Celuloza• Celuloza este o substanta din clasa
glucidelor, prezenta in membrana celulelor vegetale.Elasticitate. Formula bruta (C6H10O5)n .
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Bumbac Bumbacul este o fibra
naturala, polimerica, vegetala extrasa din fructul plantei de bumbac.
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Inul Se caracterizeaza prin doua tipuri
de fibre: tehnice si elementare.
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Fibre artificiale Vascoza
Matasea acetat
Triacetat
Matase cuproaminoacala
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Fibrele din celuloza regenerata
• Acestea sunt supranumite si fibre chimice , au devenit astfel alaturi de fibrele naturale o baza importanta de materii prime textile .
• Cele mai importante produse de acest tip sunt: vascoza si matasea cuproxam.
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Vascoza • Vascoza ( raion) are gradul de
polimerizare mai mic decat al celulozei din bumbac si cu o rezistenta mai scazuta .
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Fibre din celuloza modificata chimic
Cea mai importanta fibra de acetat de
celuloza este matase acetat.
Matasea acetat este o fibra obtinuta din celuloza, iar tehnic este denumita acetat de celuloza.
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Matase acetat Procedeul acetat realizeaza matasea
acetat, folosind acetatul de celuloza. Matasea acetat este mai rezistenta dar mai putin higroscopica decat cea din vascoza sau cuproxam.
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Fibrele artificiale proteice
Proteine vegetale
sau animale Nu se mai fabrica
Fibrele artificiale din alti polimeri
Cauciucul natural. Din cauciuc -
filamente grosiere.
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Utilizari• Materii prime textile• Industria textila• Imbracaminte• Sfori, franghii.