Next Generation Backhauling Using Carrier

Ethernet Technology

Dr. Yi-Neng Lin (林義能)

MEF Carrier Ethernet Certified Professional (MEF認證高級工程師; MEF-CECP No.A0966X1)

IP-based Triple Play

Mobile Internet Backhaul

Internet Service

Fixed Phone

Carrier Access Services: Evolution And Opportunity

IPTV

All-IP Networks with Fixed-Mobile Convergence

B

R

M B

B Q

Q R

R

M S

reliability quality of service scalability R

B bandwidth M

Q S

management

2

Carrier Ethernet – Standardized Enhancement

3

OAM support

- 802.3ah (EFM)

- 802.1ag (CFM)

- Y.1731

QoS features

- Hierarchical QoS

- trTCM policing

- Synchronization

- Active PM

Interoperability

- MEF9 for scalability

- MEF14 for QoS

- MEF18 for CES

- MEF21&25 for OAM

Protection

- Link aggregation

- Linear protection

- Ring protection

- End-to-end protection

Gigabit

Carrier

Ethernet

Standardized Service

Scalability

Quality of

Service

Service MGMT

Reliability

- E-Line/E-Tree/E-LAN

The TOP Problem

Transport

802.1ad/QinQ: scalable VLAN architecture

E-Line/E-Tree/E-LAN: flexible topology layout

Hierarchical QoS: manipulation at different granularities

Protection

Operation

OAM (Operation, Administration and Maintenance)

Link + Service OAM

Y.1731 performance measurement (PM)

Element Management System

Precision

Synchronization

SLA verification

4

E-Line: Alternative To TDM-Based Private Line

Point-to-Point EVC1

Carrier Ethernet Network Branch of A company

HQ of A company

Point-to-Point EVC2

OptiQNet 842

Branch of B company

HQ of B company

Physical or logical (via LAG) port

OptiQNet 842

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

5

EPL: Ethernet Private Line

EVPL: Ethernet Virtual Private Line

EVC: Ethernet Virtual Connection

E-LAN: Virtual Private LAN

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

Carrier Ethernet

Network

Central Office

Internet

HQ

OptiQNet 842

EVC

EVC

EVC

EVC

Branch

Branch

Branch

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

6

E-Tree: Rooted Point-To-Multipoint eNodeB

LTE-enabled mobile stations

OptiQNet 842 (leaf)

OptiQNet 842

(leaf)

OptiQNet 842

(leaf)

SMB Residence

Carrier Ethernet

Network

Central Office (root)

Internet

Enterprise building

OptiQNet 842

(leaf)

EVC

EVC

EVC EVC

UNI x3

UNI x2

UNI x4

UNI x1

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

7

User Network Interface

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

8

Bundling Service

Allow multiple CE-VLANs to be mapped to a single EVC in the UNI

All-To-One Bundling Service

All CE-VLAN are mapped to a single EVC in the UNI

Service Multiplexing

Allow multiple EVCs at a UNI

All-to-one

Bundling

MP-to-MP EVC

Service

multiplexing

Bundling

Point-to-Point

EVC

UNI

Bundling

EVC1 EVC2

EVC1

EVC2

CE-VLANs

Service Attributes

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

9

Attribute Type of Parameter Value

UNI Identifier Any string

Physical Medium A Standard Ethernet PHY ([2] or [3])

Speed 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 10/100 Mbps Auto-

Negotiation, 1 Gbps, or 10 Gbps20

Mode Full Duplex

MAC Layer IEEE 802.3 – 2005 [2]

UNI Maximum Transmission Unit

Size

Integer 1522.

Service Multiplexing Yes or No

UNI EVC ID A string formed by the concatenation of the

UNI ID and the EVC ID

CE-VLAN ID for untagged and

priority tagged Service Frames

A number in 1, 2, …, 4094.

CE-VLAN ID/EVC Map Map as per Section 7.7

Maximum Number of EVCs Integer 1

Bundling Yes or No21

All to One Bundling Yes or No

Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per Ingress

UNI

No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1

Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per EVC No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1 for each EVC

Ingress Bandwidth Profile Per Class of

Service Identifier

No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1 for each Class of Service Identifier

Egress Bandwidth Profile Per Egress

UNI

No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1

Egress Bandwidth Profile Per EVC No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1 for each EVC

Egress Bandwidth Profile Per Class of

Service Identifier

No or parameters as defined in Section

7.11.1 for each Class of Service Identifier

Layer 2 Control Protocols Processing A list of Layer 2 Control Protocols with each

being labeled with one of Discard, Peer, Pass

to EVC, Peer and Pass to EVC

UNI and EVC per UNI Service Attributes

Attribute Type of Parameter Value

EVC Type Point-to-Point, Multipoint-to-Multipoint, or Rooted-

Multipoint

EVC ID An arbitrary string, unique across the MEN, for the EVC

supporting the service instance

UNI List A list of <UNI Identifier, UNI Type> pairs

Maximum Number of

UNIs

Integer. MUST be 2 if EVC Type is Point-to-Point. MUST

be greater than or equal to 2 otherwise.

EVC Maximum

Transmission Unit Size

Integer 1522.

CE-VLAN ID

Preservation

Yes or No

CE-VLAN CoS

Preservation

Yes or No

Unicast Service Frame

Delivery

Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver

Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the

conditions MUST be specified.

Multicast Service

Frame Delivery

Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver

Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the

conditions MUST be specified.

Broadcast Service

Frame Delivery

Discard, Deliver Unconditionally, or Deliver

Conditionally. If Deliver Conditionally is used, then the

conditions MUST be specified.

Layer 2 Control

Protocols Processing

A list of Layer 2 Control Protocols labeled Tunnel or

Discard.

EVC Performance Performance objectives for One-way Frame Delay

Performance, One-way Frame Delay Range Performance,

One-way Mean Frame Delay Performance, Inter-Frame

Delay Variation Performance, One-way Frame Loss Ratio

Performance, and Availability Performance and associated

Class of Service Identifier(s) as defined in Section 6.8.

EVC Service Attributes

TDM Service Compatibility -- Pseudowire

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

10

BTS/NodeB

T1/E1 T1/E1

CESoETH/SAToP/CESoPSN

Pseudowire

Metro Ethernet Network

VPLS

MPLS

Q-in-Q

BSC/RNC

TDM Network Interface

TDM Subscriber Demarcation

TDM Payload

RTP

CESoETH CW

ECID

TDM Payload

RTP

SAToP CW

UDP

TDM Payload

RTP

CESoPSN CW

IP

UDP

IP

TDM Payload

TDM Payload

RTP

CESoETH CW

ECID

TDM Payload

RTP

SAToP CW

UDP

TDM Payload

RTP

CESoPSN CW

IP

UDP

IP

TDM Payload

MEF CESoETH

ITU, IETF, MFA SAToP

IETF CESoPSN

MEF CESoETH

ITU, IETF, MFA SAToP

IETF CESoPSN

Reliability and Redundancy

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

11

Interface reliability

PLR (Packet Loss Rate) <10-9

Jumbo frame size over 9000 bytes

Link redundancy

802.3ad Link Aggregation

G.8031 Ethernet Linear Protection Switching (ELPS)

G.8032 Ethernet Ring Protection Switching (ERPS)

Nodal redundancy

Heart-beat based fail-over

Multi-homing

End-to-End path redundancy

G.8031 Ethernet Linear Protection Switching (ELPS)

Link Aggregation

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

12

Up to 8 links into one logical LAG

Packet distribution

Round-Robin

MAC address, VLAN, etc

Link Aggregation Control Protocol

Conversation-based

Dynamic and automatic configuration

LAG Logical Port

Frame Collector

Frame Distributor

PHY Port

PHY Port

PHY Port ….

LACP

EVC1 EVC2 EVC3

G.8031 (Ethernet Linear Protection Switching)

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

13

For Point-to-Point Ethernet Connection

1+1 or 1:1; revertive or non-revertive

<50ms protection switching time

APS messages for protection initiation

Support of administrative commands

Forced Switch(FS), Manual Switch(MS), etc

Working Channel

Protection Channel

CCM

CCM, APS

Working Channel

Protection Channel

CCM

CCM, APS

G.8032 (Ethernet Ring Protection Switching)

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

14

For Ethernet Rings

<50ms protection switching time

R-APS messages for protection behavior

Preventing any loops by blocking mechanism

Support of administrative commands

Logically

Block

2008/06

2012/03 99 pages

48 pages

Aside G.8032, concerns are

- Topology construction

- VLAN configuration

port 1

VLAN 1

VLAN 2

VLAN 100

CoS 1

CoS 2

Flexible QoS Architecture

Port

VLAN

CoS

Flow with QoS

profile

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

15

classification

SLA Enforcement Using Traffic Conditioners

CIR EIR

CBS EBS

meter

shaper

Two-Rate-Three-Color algorithm

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

16 RFC2698: A Two Rate Three Color Marker

UNI UNI

CE CE

Link/Service OAM

Carrier Ethernet Network

- OAM operations of managed EDDs

- PM and statistics

- SNMP

- EDD topology discovery

EMS

OptiQNet 842 OptiQNet 842

Link OAM

(802.3ah)

Service OAM (802.1ag, Y.1731)

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

CE: Customer Edge

17

IEEE 802.3ah-2004 (Link OAM)

Subset of the “Ethernet in the First Mile” (EFM)

Primitive fault management

Dying Gasp, Event Notification, Loopback

18

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

EMS

Device A Device B Device C Device D

Far End Fault Indication

Near-Side Port Performance Management

TX RX

TX RX

Per Link Fault Isolation

Capable of RFC2544-based PM

IEEE 802.1ag (Connectivity Fault Mgmt, CFM)

19

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

CE operator A Provider Bridges operator B Provider Bridges CE

customer MD Level

provider MD Level

Link OAM Link OAM

MEP (Maintenance End Point)

operator MD Level operator MD Level

Hierarchical fault management

Different levels of authority (MD, MDL)

Continuity Check (CC), Link Trace (LT), Loop Back (LB)

MIP (MEG Intermediate Point) MEG(Maintenance Entity Group)

Integration with EVC and LAG!

ITU-T Y.1731

Superset over CFM

Enhancement on performance measurement (PM)

Delay Measurement (DM): One-way or Two-way Delay Measurement

Loss Measurement (LM): Single-ended or Dual-ended Loss Measurement

20

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

UNI UNI

CE CE

Metro Ethernet Network

OptiQNet 842 OptiQNet 842

One-way Delay Measurement

Two-way Delay Measurement

TOPviewTM

– Visualized nodal/group display

– Manual/Automatic inventory discovery

– Drag-and-drop location management

– Automated deployment (patent pending)

Fault

Security

Performance Accounting

Config

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

21

MGMT

Element Mgmt System

Functional Tabs

Monitoring various activities in REAL-TIME!

TOPviewTM– Web-based Technology

Contrasted to traditional app-based, the web-based clients never need to upgrade!

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

22

Deployment Automation -- RapiDep

23

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

Proprietary algorithm

Automatically connect to EMS and establish EVC

Use LLDP-2009 as an assistant to find EMS

Patent-pending

Metro Ethernet

Network

EMS

LLDP

New participant

LLDP

LLDP

LLDP Periodical LLDP multicast

Precision via Synchronization

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

24

Critical for 2G~4G mobile infrastructure to be operational SDH transport: ±50ppm (phase) and frequency (ex: 2 or 10MHz)

Between BSs and BSC: ±0.05ppm (phase) and frequency (ex: 2 or 10MHz)

Between NodeBs and RNC: ±0.05ppm (phase) and ±3us (time) accuracy

over a 30-hops span

Solutions

PW ACR (Adaptive Clock Recovery)

Frequency

Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)

Frequency

IEEE 1588-2008

ToD, Phase

Mobile Network Architecture

Frequency Sync

Time/Phase Sync

CDMA2000

GSM

UMTS-FDD

LTE-FDD

UMTS-TDD

LTE-TDD

Mobile WiMAX

TD-SCDMA

Synchronous Ethernet (SyncE)

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

25

• ITU-T G.8261: Timing and synchronization aspects in packet network

• ITU-T G.8262: Timing characteristics of Synchronous Ethernet equipment slave clock

• ITU-T G.8264: Distribution of timing through packet networks

• ITU-T G.781: Synchronization layer functions (ESMC and SSM)

Inherited from SDH

Immune from congestion

Two major mechanisms

H/W-based CDR

ESMC and SSM

Unidirectional

Broadcast

Master selection

Timing loop prevention

MAC processor

PLL PHY/CDR

MAC processor

PLL PHY/CDR

CDR: Clock and Data Recovery

ESMC: Ethernet Synchronization Message Channel

SSM: Synchronization Status Message

Master Slave

ESMC ~

PRC

Other SyncE Masters

1588v2 Application Scenario

NodeB

RNC

Carrier Ethernet Network

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

OptiQNet 842

- SLA verification

- Necessary for 3.5G and LTE networks

- Generally in sub-microsecond precision

- Master selection algorithm

1588v2 master clock

eNodeB

NodeB

1588v2

1588v2

1588v2

1588v2

1588v2

1588v2

S-GW

1588v2 1588v2 1588v2 1588v2

Latency to be verified for SLA

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

26

G.8261– Testbed

1PPS/10MHz test

(test case 12~17)

CES test

(test case 1~11) 27

TP5000

Anue 3500

G.8261– Test Results

28

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

SLA Verification with RFC2544 -- TOPsureTM

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

29

H/W unit dedicated for PM

Out-of-service test

In-service test (per-port, per-vlan/EVC)

Verify whether SLA is satisfied

Y.1564 under development

OptiQNet 842 OptiQNet 842

SLA Bandwidth Data traffic RFC 2544 Test traffic

EMS

Start to test throughput Start to receive frames

Send result back to EMS

Patent Pending!

Fiberlogic’s

Carrier Ethernet Transport Portfolio

802.1Q double-tagging

trTCM-based policer and traffic shaper

Real-time flow monitoring

OAM support including 802.3ah, 802.1ag and Y.1731

Neighbor discovery

RFC2544 tester

IEEE 1588-2008 (PTPv2) time synchronization 30

OptiQmax-5300

solutions to

Key Features of OptiQNet 842 (1/2)

Full Gigabit interfaces

4 UNIs and 2 SFP-based optical NNIs

Link aggregation (802.3ad) for NNIs

TDR for copper diagnosis

VLAN (MEF9 certified)

E-Line/E-LAN/E-Tree based on 802.1Q double-tagging (Provider

Bridge, PB)

256 concurrent VLANs, 4096VIDs

QoS (MEF14 certified)

Per- port/VLAN SLA guarantee (trTCM policing)

Real-time traffic monitoring

Strict-Priority and Weighted Fair Queuing egress scheduling

31

Key Features of OptiQNet 842 (2/2)

OAM functionalities

802.3ah: fault detection, event notification, dying gasp

802.1ag: 8 maintenance domain levels and up to 256 MEPs

Y.1731: throughput, latency, jitter and loss measurement

Advanced

RFC 2544 tester and analyzer (patent pending)

IEEE 1588v2 and SyncE

MGMT (with TOPviewTM EMS)

RapiDep deployment automation (patent pending)

Neighbor discovery + LLDP-2009 on managed EDDs

Local and remote management interfaces

Web, SNMP v1/v2c/v3, SSH

Access Control List, DHCP

Dual boot images in case of remote firmware upgrade failure

32

Unique Features of OptiQmax 5300

33

LCD-based local control module - Configuration w/o a terminal device (NB)

- Simplified on-site trouble-shooting

Timing interfaces (1PPS/ToD/10MHz)

Fully modulized UNI/NNI interfaces - T1/E1 x4 or GbE x2 per module

- CES-capable

- Flexible combination

Dual power modules (AC/DC)

Other Supported Deployment Scenario (1/2)

34

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

NG-SDH

or

PTN

T1/E1 x4

T1/E1 x4

Ethernet x2

Ethernet x2

OptiQmax

5300

T1/E1

T1/E1

Ethernet

Ethernet

OptiQmax

5300

G.8031

SC+TC SC+TC

• Extend NG-SDH/PTN’s reach to remote cell sites

• Configuration extremely simple

• IP not necessary for Remote single-ended maintenance

• Remote link fault propagation

• Mostly adopted by our customer

Legacy 2G BSs

3.5G/4G(LTE)

Access Loop Optical Extension application

Local Remote

Other Supported Deployment Scenario (2/2)

35

TRANSPORT

OPERATION

PRECISION

T1/E1 x4

T1/E1 x4

Ethernet x2

Ethernet x2

OptiQmax

5300

OptiQmax

5300

G.8031

SC+TC

SC+TC

...

T1/E1 x4

T1/E1 x4

Ethernet x2

Ethernet x2

OptiQmax

5300

stage2

(aggregation)

stage1

(access)

NG-SDH

or

PTN

OptiQmax

5300

stage2

OptiQmax

5300

SC+TC

...

OptiQmax

5300

stage1 • Extend NG-SDH/PTN’s reach to remote cell sites

• Configuration extremely simple for stage1 while minor at stage2

• Less TCO and NG-SDH/PTN port consumption

• 10G interface at stage2 to be developed

Multi-Stage Service Multiplexer application

Capability Paralleling Major Vendors

36

OAM 2544 MEF9

(VLAN)

MEF14

(QoS) SyncE 1588v2

ETH

IFs CES

(TDM) Pwr Remarks

OptiQNet-842 ALL Yes ALL ALL Yes (ESMC) TC/SC UNI x2

NNI x4 N/A Dual - IEEE802.1AB-2009 (LLDP) - Web-based EMS; upgrade not needed for client S/W

RAD (ETX-204A) ALL Yes EPL

EVPL EPL

EVPL Yes TC/SC NNI x2 UNI x4 N/A Dual

Telco Systems (T-Marc 340) ALL Yes ALL EPL N/A N/A

(website) NNI x2 UNI x4 N/A Single

Accedian/JDSU (MetroNID) ALL Yes ALL ALL PHY N/A NNI x2

UNI x2 N/A Dual - Limited number of UNIs

Tellabs (7305) ALL N/A ALL ALL N/A N/A NNI x2

UNI x1 N/A Single - Similar to Omnitron’s NID - Only one UNI

Raisecom (RC551E-4GE) ALL Yes ALL

(RC-551) ALL

(RC-551) N/A N/A NNI x2

UNI x4 N/A Dual

Raisecom (iTN204) ALL Yes N/A N/A Yes TC/SC/

BC NNI x2 UNI x4 Yes Dual

ADVA (FSP150CC-GE206)

ALL Yes EPL EVPL

EPL EVPL Yes Yes NNI x2

UNI x6 N/A Dual Highest-end EDD in the FSP150cc family

MRV (OS910M )

ALL Yes ALL ALL N/A N/A NNI x2 UNI x6 Yes Dual

OptiQmax-5300 ALL Yes ALL ALL Yes (ESMC) TC/SC

UNI: up to 8 NNI x2

Yes Dual

- LCD-based control module - Flexibility on deployment - Highly modulized interfaces - Dual-image support

OAM: Y.1731, IEEE802.1ag, IEEE802.3ah MEF certification coverage: EPL/EVPL/E-LAN

Thoroughly tested by authoritative testers?

OptiQmax-6400 Aggregation Switch

37

Interfaces

NNI: 10GbE x2~4

UNI: GbE or T1/E1 modules

STM1 to be determined

Protection

UNI-based protection switching (with NNIs at Access)

UNI-based link aggregation (with NNIs at Access)

Protocols similar to those in Access model

Under development

Enterprise

Residential

Access

Core Network

(IP/MPLS)

Carrier Ethernet Aggregation

Multiservice Core

2G/3G Node

STB

Mobile

DSLAM

PON

Aggregators Core Routers

Aggregation Network

Ethernet (PB)

Data GW

VoD Server

SIP server

PB, PBB/PBB-TE,

MPLS-TP or IP/MPLS

Next Generation Telecom Networks

IP-based IP-based

38

LAN MEN

PB/PBB/PBB-TE

- RSTP/MSTP

- Q-in-Q

- MAC-in-MAC

- Traffic Engbneering

IEEE

Two Competing Task Forces

(Ethernet)

Core (IP/MPLS)

39

MPLS-TP

- MPLS, PW

- VPLS/H-VPLS

- OAM (to be ratified)

- G.8113.1/G.8113.2

ITU/IETF

G.8113.1: Y.1731-based

G.8113.2: BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding detection)

Packet Transport Network (PTN)

PTN Access Multiplexer and Aggregator

MPLS-TP based protocol extension

Data-plane: MPLS

Control-plane: LDP (Label Distribution Protocol), routing protocols, etc

Mgmt-plane: G.8113.1 and/or G.8113.2

Field upgradable w/o H/W modification

OptiQmax-5300TP (MPLS-TP)

TDM: SAToP/CESoPSN support for T1/E1

Access model extension

UNI STM-1 module (may require H/W upgrade)

Aggregation model

Chassis-based architecture

NNI module types: 10G, STM-16/STM-64

UNI module types: GbE, STM-1

40

Solution to TOP– The Better Choice

Topology scalability and flexibility

Reliability

Per-VLAN, per-CoS QoS and active PM

Standard-compliant OAM framework

Synchronization support (SyncE/1588v2)

Flexible deployment schemes

Friendly LCD-based control interface

Total Cost of Ownership

41