Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia
description
Transcript of Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia
![Page 1: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Introdução a AstronomiaFabricio Ferrari, Sandro Rembold
Origens, Antiguidade, Idade Média, Revolução científica;Terra, Lua, Sol, Sistema Solar, planetas;Constelações, movimento aparente dos astros, estaçõesdo ano;Via-Láctea, Galáxias, Universo em grande escala;
![Page 2: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Origens
Chineses, Babilônios, Assírios e Egípcios (3000ac);
A ciência mais antiga;
Calendários: medida do tempo, estações, agricultura.
Religião, compreensão do Mundo.
Almagesto-Ptolomeu
![Page 3: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Modelo Geocêntrico
Grécia: Claudius Ptolomeu 100d.c.;
Terra imóvel;
astros perfeitos, eternos, imutáveis;
Deuses no céu controlavam clima, colheita, ...
Planetas moviam-se em esferas celestes.
Depois dos planetas anjos, deuses.
![Page 4: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Diâmetro da Terra(Erastótenes 276-194 ac)
Siena Alexandria
Diâmetro da Terra com erro de 1% D ~ 6400 Km
![Page 5: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Modelo Heliocêntrico
Nicolau Copérnico ~ 1500
Sol no centro do sistema Solar.
Planetas girando em órbitas em torno do Sol.
Terra como os outros planetas.
Ordem dos Planetas a partir do Sol: Mercúrio, Vênus, Terra, Marte, Júpiter, Saturno, (Urano, Netuno, Plutão).
Explicação do movimento dos astros muito simplificada.
Galileu Galilei, Giordano Bruno
Isaac Newton
![Page 6: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Sistema Solar
![Page 7: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Mercúrio, Vênus, Terra, Marte, Júpiter, Saturno, Urano, Netuno, Plutão
Sistema Solar
![Page 8: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Sistema Solar
![Page 9: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Escala comparativa
astro tamanho comparação posição
Sol 2 cm bola ping-pong 0Terra 0.02 cm semente papoula 5 mJúpiter 0.2 cm pimenta 26 mPlutão 0.004 cm farelo 200 mPróx Cen. 0.3 cm pimenta 1200 km
(São Paulo)
![Page 11: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Planetas Terrestres
Mercúrio, Vênus, Terra, Marte;Pequena Massa (M ~ Mterra)Densidade ~ 5 g/cm³Rochas, metais pesadosPoucos Satélites
Mercúrio
VênusMarte
Terra
(fora de escala)
![Page 12: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Marte
Vênus
Planetas Terrestres
![Page 13: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Planetas Terrestres
Marte
Terra
![Page 14: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Planetas Jovianos
Júpiter, Saturno, Urano, NetunoGrande Massa (MTerra<M<MJúpiter)Densidade ~ 1 g/cm³H, He, água, metano, amôniaMuitos Satélites
(fora de escala)
Netuno
Urano SaturnoJúpiter
![Page 15: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Planetas Jovianos
![Page 16: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Nossa EstrelaO Sol
Massa ~ 1030 KgDiâm. ~ 7.10²8 mDsol = 120 DterraT superf. = 5500 KT central = 1.5 107 K
![Page 17: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Outros Corpos
Plutão (planeta) e Charonte
Gaspra (asteróide) West 1975(cometa)
Vesta (meteorito)
![Page 18: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Outros Corpos
2003UB313
![Page 19: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Outros sistemasplanetários
55 Cancri
Fomalhaut
![Page 20: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Formação do sistema solar
![Page 21: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Formação do sistema solar
![Page 22: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Formação do sistema solar
![Page 23: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Estações do Anomovimento anual da Terra
Ver o Inverno
Outono
Primavera
InvernoVer o
Outono
PrimaveraHemisf rio Norte
Hemisf rio Sul
![Page 24: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
A insolação depende da inclinação dos raios do Sol em relação ao chão.
A duração do dia depende da trajetória aparente do Sol.
As estações não tem nada que ver com a distância
Terra-Sol(a órbita da Terra é quase circular)
Estações do Anomovimento aparente do Sol
![Page 25: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Fases da Lua
![Page 26: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Constelações
![Page 27: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Zodíaco
![Page 28: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Via-Láctea
Estrelas, gás, poeiraDiâm. ~ 100.000 anos-luz10¹¹ estrelasM ~ 1041 Kg
M31
![Page 29: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Outras G
aláxiasEspirais:Esferoidais:Irregulares:
![Page 30: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
O Grupo Local
![Page 32: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
O Grupo Local
![Page 33: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Aglomerados
![Page 34: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Aglomerados
![Page 35: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Potências de 10
Escalas de distância
100 = 1
101 = 10
102 = 100
103 = 1000
...
10n = 10... (n vezes) ... 0
http://www.powersoften.com
![Page 36: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
![Page 50: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
![Page 51: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
![Page 56: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
![Page 58: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
![Page 59: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
![Page 61: Fferrari,srembold introducao astronomia](https://reader030.fdocument.pub/reader030/viewer/2022020210/568c550a1a28ab4916c12eac/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)