ffcj moaO;s ;dlaIKfõoh - WordPress.com · 2015. 6. 19. · ffcj moaO;s ;dlaIKfõoh úIh ks¾foaYh...
Transcript of ffcj moaO;s ;dlaIKfõoh - WordPress.com · 2015. 6. 19. · ffcj moaO;s ;dlaIKfõoh úIh ks¾foaYh...
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ffcj moaO;s ;dlaIKfõoh
úIh ks¾foaYh
wOHhk fmdÿ iy;sl m;% ^Wiia fm
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Wiia fm< ;dlaIKfõoh úIh Odrdj
12 iy 13 fY%aKs
úYh ks¾foaY
m%:u uqøKh - 2014
© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uqøKh( uqøKd,h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u
fjí msgqj - www.nie.lk
ÿrl:kh - 011-7 601601
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.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a mKsjqvh
zzuyskao Ñka;kZZ bÈß oelau wkqj ms
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.re Wiia wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a mKsjqvh
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh" fh!jk lghq;= yd ksmqK;d ixj¾Ok wud;HdxYh yd Wiia wOHdmk wud;HdxYh tlaj y÷kajd fok kj —;dlaIKfõoh˜ úIh
Odrdj w;s.re ckdêm;s;=udf.a m%Odk;ajfhka wo Èk y÷kajd §ug ,eîu Y%S ,dxlsl wOHdmk lafIa;%fha ft;sydisl isÿùuls'
rgg wjYH ;dlaIKh ms
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.re fh!jk lghq;= yd ksmqK;d ixj¾Ok wud;H;=udf.a mKsjqvh
ld¾ñl wOHdmkh iy jD;a;Sh mqyqKq úIh lafIa;%h mj;sk uÜgñka by< kexùug wod< m%;sm;a;suh ;SrK .Kkdjla u l,ska l,g miq.sh rchka
úiska f.k ;snqK;a th b,lal.; wruqKq lrd
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.re wOHdmk wëlaIK uka;%S;=udf.a mKsjqvh
cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;shg kj ;dlaIK úIh Odrdj y÷kajd §fï jevigyk i|yd mKsjqvhla ksl=;a lsÍug wjia:djla ,eîu i;=gg ldrKhla f,i
i,lñ'
w'fmd'i' Wiia fm< i|yd ;dlaIK úIh Odrdj y÷kajd §u kHdhsl nqoaêhg wu;r j m%dfhda.sl yelshdj we;s Y%S ,dxlsl orejkg joe.;a wjia:djls'
w'fmd'i' idudkH fm< .Ks;h yd úoHdj we;=¿j úIhhka yhla iu;a ùu;a bka ´kEu úIhhka ;=kla i|yd iïudk idud¾: ,nd isàu;a ;dlaIK
úIh Odrdj i|yd uQ,sl iqÿiqlï fõ'
uQ,sl isoaOdka; ms
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wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha f,alï;=udf.a mKsjqvh
cd;sl wOHdmk moaO;shg ;dlaIKfõoh úIh Odrdj y÷kajd fok fuu fudfydf;a fï mKsjqvh ksl=;a lrkqfha buy;a fidïkisks'
wmf.a WmdêOdÍkaf.a ksmqK;d W!k;djka Tjqkg /lshd ,nd .ekSfï § ndOlhla j mj;S'
fuu ;;a;ajh Y%S ,xldfõ rchg fuka u Y%u fjf
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cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha wOHlaI ckrd,a
uydpd¾h ví,sõ'tï' wfír;ak nKavdr uy;df.a mKsjqvh
fhdað; Wiia fm< ;dlaIKfõoh úIh Odrdj yryd Y%S ,xldfõ idudkH wOHdmk l%uh ;=< mj;skakdjQ jHQyd;aul wiu;=,s;;dj bj;a lsÍug o" Wiia
fm< úoHd yd ;dlaIKsl wOHdmkh i|yd mj;sk wjia:djka jeä lrñka l,d wxYhg we;=
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1'0 ye|skaùu
hqfkiaflda wdh;kh yd cd;Hka;r lïlre ixúOdkh j¾I 2002 § bÈßm;a l< ks¾foaYj,ska ;dlaIKsl wOHdmkh y÷kajd §fï we;s jeo.;alu
y÷kdf.k we;' jev f,dalhg yd ;dlaIKsl f,dalhg yd tys Ndú; jkakd jQ fuj,ï" wuqøjH" Ys,amSh l%u iy ksIamdok" fnodyeÍï yd l
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3' my; i|yka úIhkaf.ka tla úIhla f;dard .; hq;= fõ'
• wd¾Ól úoHdj
• N+f.da,h
• .Dy wd¾Ól úoHdj
• bx.%Sis NdIdj
• ikaksfõokh iy udOH wOHhkh
• f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh
• Ñ;%
• jHdmdr wOHhkh
• lDIsúoHdj
• .KldêlrKh
wruqKq (
• tÈfkod Ôú;fha § wjYHjk ;dlaIKsl l=i,;d j¾Okh lsÍu'
• ienE jev f,dalfha mj;sk .eg¨ i|yd ;dlaIKsl úi÷ï ,nd§ug wjYH lrk l=i,;d j¾Okh lsÍu'
• /lshd mdol l=i,;d j¾Okh lsÍu'
• isiqkaf.a jD;a;Sh wOHdmkh cd;sl jD;a;Sh iqÿiqlï rduqj iu`. iïnkaO lr.ksñka moaO;shg f.khdug wjia:dj ie,iSu'
;lafiarelrKh
mdi,a mdol we.hSï l%shdj,sh mdi,aj, l%shd;aul jk w;r fï ms
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2'0 cd;sl fmdÿ wruqKq(
mqoa.,hdg yd iudchg wod< jk m%Odk cd;sl wruqKq lrd
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3'0 uQ,sl ksmqK;d
wOHdmkh ;=
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(IV) jev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;d
wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu
;u jD;a;Sh
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xii
mgqk msgqj
12 jk fY%aKshtallh01' ffcj moaO;s ;dlaIKfõh ye¢kaùu 01
02' c, úoHdj yd ld,.=K úoHdj 01
03' mi yd c,h w;r iïnkaO;dj 03
04' ìï uekSu yd uÜgï .ekSu 07
05' Ydl m%pdrK l%u Ys,am 08
06' wdydr fi!LHdrlaIs;;dj 10
07' miq wiajkq ;dlaIKh 12
08' wdydr weiqreïlrKh yd f,an,a lsÍu 13
09' wdydr wuqøjH wkqmd; ks¾Kh 14
10' bf,lafg%dksl ;dlaIKh yd WmlrKSlrKh 15
11' c,fha .=Kd;aulNdjh iy c, mú;%Kh 17
12' c,h tiùu 19
13' c, iïmdokh 20
14' m
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
1' ffcj moaO;s;dlaIKfõofhaúldYh iym%jK;d úuidn,hs'
2' ld,.=KslidOl ms
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
2'2 ffcj moaO;sflfrys ld,.=KslidOlj, n,mEuúia;r lrhs'
2'3 ld,.=Ksl o;a;jd¾;d lrhs'
² ld,.=Kh iy foaY.=Kh w¾: oelaùu² ld,.=Ksl idOl
² j¾Idm;kh² wdf,dalh² WIaK;ajh² iq
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
3'1 mfiys uQ,slix>gl y÷kd.kshs'
3'2 mfiys fN!;sl.=Kdx. úia;rlrhs'
² mi² ye¢kaùu
² mfiys uQ,sl ix>gl² mdxY= >k øjH
² mdxY= Lksc² ldnksl øjH
² mdxY= c,h² mdxY= jd;h² mdxY= Ôùka
² uyd Ôùka² uÊcd Ôùka² laIqø Ôùka
² fN!;sl .=Kdx.² ye¢kaùu² m%Odk .=Kdx.
² mdxY= jhkh² ye¢kaùu yd jeo.;alu² uekSu
² mdxY= jHQyh² ye¢kaùu yd jeo.;alu² uekSu
² mdxY= >k;ajh² i;H >k;ajh
² ye¢kaùu yd jeo.;alu² uekSu
² oDYH >k;ajh² ye¢kaùu yd jeo.;alu² uekSu
• mi y÷kajhs'• mfiys uQ,sl ix>gl úia;r lrhs'• mdxY= Lksc øjH yd ldnksl øjHj,
jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'• mdxY= c, j¾. úia;r lr mdxY=
f;;ukh ks¾Kh lrhs'• mdxY= jd;fha jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'• mdxY= Ôùka j¾.SlrKh lrhs'
• mfiys fN!;sl .=Kdx. w¾: olajhs'• mfia fN!;sl .=Kdx.j, jeo.;alu
úia;r lrhs'• mia ksheÈj, jhkh yd jHQyh ks¾Kh
lrhs'• mfiys i;H iy oDYH >k;ajh ks¾Kh
lrhs'• mdxY= iújr;dj .Kkh lrhs'
05
10
3' fnda. j.dfõ§ mfia iymdxY= c,fhajeo.;aluúuid n,hs'
03
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
3'''''3 mfiys c,h r|jd.ekSfï Odß;djms
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² l%u² úirK² flakaøSh
² fõ.j;a lrk l%u
² mdxY= ydhkh² ye|skaùu² n,mdk l%shdj,s
² mdxY= Ldokh² ye|skaùu² Ldok ldrl² Ldok wdldr
² mdxY= iqixykh² wl%uj;a c, jykh² mfia ldnksl øjH wvq ùu² ,jKSlrKh² wdï,SlrKh² mi ¥IKh ùu
² mdxY= mqkre;a:dmkh² ye¢kaùu² l%u
² mdxY= ixrlaIK l%u² hdka;%sl l%u
² ifudaÉp jeá² ifudaÉp ldkq
² YIH úoHd;aul l%u² jiqka fhoSu² fy,au¿ l%uh
3'5 mdxY= ydhkhj
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² ffcj úoHd;aul l%u² fojeá l%uh - SALT² wdjrK fnda. jeùu
² c, jykh l%uj;a lsÍu² oshqKq fnda. j.d l%u yd rgd Ndú;h² mfiys pH w.h ksjerÈ lsÍu² mig ldnksl øjH tl;= lsÍu² mi ¥IKh ùu je
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² ìï uekSu yd uÜgï .ekSu(surveying and levelling)
² ye¢kaùu² jeo.;alu
² ñkqï ,nd .ekSfï l%fudamdhka² ;sria ÿr² isria ÿr
² ;, fïi ñks;h² ye¢kaùu² jeo.;alu² wjYH WmlrK² l%ufõo
² mßl%uKh (traversing)² wÍh l%uh (radiation)² fþokh$ ;%sfldaKlrKh$
triangulation
² tla tla l%ufha jdis yd wjdis² ñks; ie,iaula ieliSu² is;shï lshùu
² bvfï j¾.M,h .Kkh lsÍu
² oïje,a uekSu² ye¢kaùu² jeo.;alu² WmlrK² l%ufõoh
² mshjr² ,nd .; hq;= ñkqu
4'1 ìï uekSu yduÜgï .ekSu y÷kd.kshs'
4'2 ìï uekqu i|yd;, fïi ñks;l%u w;ayod n,hs'
4'3 oïje,a uekSfïl%uh w;ayod n,hs'
² ìï uekSu yd uÜgï .ekSu ks¾jpkh lrtajdfha jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'
² ìï uekSfï § yd uÜgï .ekSfï § uQ,slñkqï ,nd .ekSu i|yd Ndú; jk fuj,ïyd l%fudamdhhka y÷kd .kshs'
² ;, fïi ñks;h y÷kajhs'² ìï uekSfï § iqÿiq ;, fïi ñks; l%uh
f;darhs'² ;, fïi ñks;fha È fhdod .kakd WmlrK
y÷kd .kshs'² ;, fïi uekqï l%shdj,s úia;r lrhs'² ;, fïi ñks; l%uj, jdis yd wjdis
i|yka lrhs'² ñks; ie,iaula ilihs'² uksk ,o bvfï j¾.M,h .Kkh lrhs'
² oïje,a uekSu y|kajhs'² oïje,a uekSug Ndú; jk WmlrK y÷kd
.kshs'² oïje,a uekSfï § ,nd .kakd úúO ñkqï
úuid n,hs'² iïu; ixfla; Ndú; lrñka ñkqï
ie,iaula ilia lrhs'
03
12
12
4' ìï uekSu yduÜgï .ekSum%dfhda.sl jNdú; lrhs'
07
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² ñkqï ie,eiaula ieliSu² Ndú; jk úúO ixfla;² ie,iau we£u
² j¾.M,h fiùu² úúO lafIa;% .eg¨
² ìu uÜgï .ekSu² mdßNdIsl jpk² l%ufõoh² uekSfï mshjr² ñkqï ,nd .ekSu
² isria ÿr² ;sria ÿr
² mdGdxl igyka lsÍu² ie,lsh hq;= lreKq
² Ydl m%pdrKh² ye¢kaùu² l%u
² ,sx.sl m%pdrKh² ye¢kaùu² jdis yd wjdis
² w,sx.sl m%pdrKh² ye¢kaùu² jdis yd wjdis
² oïje,a uekSfï § we;s jk .eg¨ y÷kd.kshs'
² ìï uÜgï .ekSu yd iïnkaO mdßNdIsljpk y÷kd .kshs'
² ìï uÜgï .ekSu i|yd fhdod .kakdWmlrK y|kd .kshs'
² ìï uÜgï .ekSfï § ie,lsh hq;= lreKqúia;r lrhs'
² ;sria yd isria ÿr i,l=Kq lrhs'
² ,sx.sl iy w,sx.sl m%pdrKh w¾:olajhs'
² ,sx.sl iy w,sx.sl m%pdrKfha jdis ydwjdis ikaikaokh hs'
4'4 ìu uÜgï .ekSuw;ayod n,hs'
5'1 Ydl m%pdrKhy÷kajd fohs'
08
025' WÑ; ;dlaIKhNdú; lr Ydlm%pdrKfhakshef
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² w,sx.sl m%pdrK l%u² iajdNdúl l%u
² N+.; l|ka u.ska² Odjl u.ska² n,aì, u.ska² fudfrhshka u.ska² n,an u.ska
² lD;%su l%u² len,s lsÍu² w;= ne£u
² jdhj² fN!ñl
² noaO lsÍu² wxl=r noaOh² ßls,s noaOh
² iSudldÍ idOl
² mgl frdamKh yd laIqø m%pdrKh² w¾: oelaùu² Ndú;
² laIqø m%pdrK ls%hdj,sh² uõ Ydl f;Íu² uQ,sl mglh ,nd .ekSu iy iqodkï
lsÍu² frdamK udOHh iqodkï lsÍu² wduql+,kh² .=Kkh lsÍu² mßirhg yqre lsÍu
06
05
² w,sx.sl m%pdrK l%u j¾.SlrKh lrhs'² w,sx.sl m%pdrK l%u w;ayod n,hs'² w,sx.sl m%pdrK l%shdj,sfha § Ndú;
jk WmlrK ksjerÈ j yiqrejhs'² w,sx.sl m%pdrKfha iSudldÍ idOl
úuid n,hs'
² mgl frdamKh yd laIqø m%pdrKh w;rfjki úia;r lrhs'
² laIqø m%pdrKfha uQ,sl mshjr úia;r lrhs'² laIqø m%pdrKfha mshjrhkays § yiqre
l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
5'2 w,sx.sl m%pdrKl%u Ndú;fhkaYdl m%pdrKfhakshef
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² wdydrfha ;;a;ajh² ye|skaùu² jeo.;alu
² fN!;sl ,laIK ^bkaøsh f.dapr&² ridhksl ,laIK
² fmdaIl² wys;lr ridhksl øjH
² ;;a;aj iy;sl lsÍu² jeo.;alu² iy;sllrKfha mshjr² ;;a;aj iy;sl lsÍfï wdh;k
² ;;a;aj l
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
04
03
6'2 fi!LHdrlaIs;wdydrhl wjYH;djyd jeo.;alu úuidn,hs'
6'3 wdydr mßyrKhgwod< kS;s ydfr.=,dis úuidn,hs'
² wdydrfha fi!LHdrlaIs;;dj (foodsafety)
² ye¢kaùu² jeo.;alu
² wdydr wid;añl;dj² ye¢kaùu² ,laIK
² wdydr úI ùu² ye¢kaùu² ,laIK
² wdydr mßyrKh ms
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² miq wiajkq ydksh² ye¢kaùu² miq wiajkq ydksh i|yd n,mdk
fmr wiajkq idOl² fnda. f;aÍu² ld,.=Ksl idOlj, n,mEu² .=Kd;aul frdamK øjH Ndú;h² c, iïmdokh² fmdfydr Ndú;h² m
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² miq wiajkq ydksh wju lsÍu² wjYH;dj² ydksh isÿ jk wjia:d yd wju lsÍu
² wiajkq fk
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² wdydr ksIamdokhl fjf
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² wdydrhl ix>gl m%udKh ks¾KhlsÍfï l%u bÈßm;a lrhs'
² wdydrhl wvx.= f;;ukh ne,Su i|ydmÍlaIK isÿ lrhs'
² wdydrhl wdhq ld,h y÷kajhs'² wdydrhl wdhq ld,h ks¾Kh lsÍfï
l%u meyeÈ,s lrhs'² ilik ,o wdydrfha wdhq ld,h
ks¾Kh lsÍfï mÍlaIKhla l%shd;aullrhs'
² úÿ,sh yd bf,lafg%dksl lafIa;%fhaNdú; jk uQ,sl rdYSka w;riïnkaO;dj olajhs'
² bf,lafg%dksl mßm:j, Ndú; jkwl%sh Wmdx. msgl m%udKhkaks¾Kh lsÍfïl%uúê úuid n,hs'
9'5 wdydrhl wdhqld,h (Shelf life)ks¾Kh lsÍfï l%ums
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² bf,lafg%dksl mßm:j, Ndú; jk il%shWmdx. ms
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² md,l j¾. y÷kdf.k kï lrhs'² md,k moaO;s ms
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² mdkSh c,h iy wm; c,h mú;%Kl%shdj,sh úia;r lrhs'
² wm c, mú;%K l%shdj,sh w;ayod n,hs'
² ødùh Tlaiscka m%udKh (DO)² ffcj ridhksl Tlaiscka b,a¨u
^BOD&² lÀk;ajh ̂ Hardness&² úoHq;a ikakdhl;dj
² ffcùh mrdñ;s² Coliform m%udKh² E. Coli m%udKh
² c, mú;%Kh² ye¢kaùu
² mdkSh c,h$fnda;,a l< c,h² ye¢kaùu² mdkSh c,fha ,laIK² c, mú;%K l%shdj,sh
² wm c,h mú;%K l%shdj,sh² ye¢kaùu² jeo.;alu² wm c, j¾.
² l=vd mßudKfha wm c,h² ld¾ñl wm c,h² lDIsld¾ñl wm c,h
² wm c,h mú;%K l%shdj,sh
11'2c,fha .=Kd;aulnj ms
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² c,h tiùu hkak y÷kajhs'² idïm%odhsl c, Tijk l%u úia;r lrhs'² kùk c, Tijk l%u úia;r lrhs'• úúO c, Tijk l%uj, jdis yd wjdis
ii|hs'
² c,h tiùu² ye|skaùu² l%u
² idïm%odhsl² wdçhd
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² c, tijqug iïnkaO .Kkh lsrSï² úi¾ck YS>%;dj² pQIK ysi (Suction Head)² úi¾ck ysi (Delivery Head)² uq¿ iaÓ;sl ysi (Total Static Head)² >¾IK ysi (Friction Head)
² c, fmdïmhla f;dard .ekSu² i,ld n,k lreKq
² c, m%Njh² .eUqre
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ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² fnda.fha c, wjYH;dj² ye¢kaùu² ks¾Kh lsÍu² .Kkh lsÍu
² jdß c, iïmdok wjYH;dj² ye¢kaùu² .Kkh lsÍu
² Y=oaO c, iïmdokh² o< c, iïmdokh
² c, iïmdok ld¾hlaIu;dj² ye¢kaùu² .Kkh lsÍu
² c,h f.k hdfï ld¾hlaIu;dj² c,h fh§fï ld¾hlaIu;dj² c, Ndú; ld¾hlaIu;dj
² mDIaÁh c, iïmdokh² msgdr² we,s$jeá² fíiï² ;Sre
² mDIaÁh c, iïmdok l%u iei£u
² f;dard .;a fnda.hla i|yd c,wjYH;dj .Kkh lrhs'
² jdrs c, iïmdokh y÷kajhs'² Y=oaO yd o< c, iïmdok wjYH;dj
ks¾jpkh lr tajdys jeo.;alu úia;rlrhs'
² Y=oaO yd o< c, iïmdok wjYH;dj.Kkh lsÍu i|yd wjYH iólrKhf.dv k.hs'
² lafIa;%hla i|yd Y=oaO o< c, iïmdokwjYH;d .Kkh lrhs'
² c, iïmdok ld¾hlaIu;dj w¾: olajhs'² c, iïmdok ld¾hlaIu;djg wod< úúO
.Kkh lsÍï iólrK wdY%fhka isÿ lrhs'² f;dard.;a ia:dk lsysmhl c, iïmdok
ld¾hlaIu;dj .Kkh lrhs'² c, ld¾hlaIu;dj by< kexùu i|yd
wjYH lghq;= isÿ lrhs'
² mDIaÁh c, iïmdok l%u úia;r lrhs'² mDIaÁh c, iïmdok l%u ii|hs'
13'2 fnda.fha c,wjYH;dj .Kkhlrhs'
13'3 c, iïmdokwjYH;dj .Kkh lrhs'
13'4 lafIa;%hl c,iïmdokld¾hlaIu;dj.Kkh lrhs'
13'5 mDIaÁh c,iïmdok l%uie,iqï lrhs'
04
06
06
05
21
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² Wm mDIAÁh c, iïmdokh² ye¢kaùu² l%u
² laIqø c, iïmdokh² ye¢kaùu² wdldr
² úiqreï c, iïmdokh² ìxÿ c, iïmdokh
² ie,iqï lsÍu² i,ld n,k idOl
² ia:dmkh² .eg¨ yd úi÷ï
² fnda. j.dfõ m
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² j,a me<² w¾: oelaùu² jdis yd wjdis² j¾.SlrKh
² ðú; ld,h wkqj² rEmSh ,laIK wkqj• jefvk mßirh wkqj
² j,a me< md,k l%u² hdka;%sl yd fN!;sl l%u
² w;ska .e,ùu$Wo¨ Ndú;h$lmdbj;a lsÍu
² ìï ieliSu u.ska ^mi fmrk;ajhla mj;ajd
.ekSu² ksjerÈ fmdfydr Ndú;h
² ffcùh l%u² jHjia:dms; l%u² ridhksl l%u
² ifudaOdks; j,a me< l
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² lDñ yd lDñ fkdjk i;a;aj m
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² lDñ m
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² jhsria frda.² fmdÿ frda. ,laIK
² frda. ,laIK ksÍlaIKh lsÍu² uia;= mÍlaIdj ^ELISA&² cdk mÍlaIdj
² jgmKq frda.² fmdÿ frda. ,laIK
² frda. ,laIK ksÍlaIKh lsÍu² n¾udka mqkS, l%uh
² *hsfgdma,diaud frda.² fmdÿ frda. ,laIK
² frda. ,laIK ksÍlaIKh² Ydl frda. md,k l%u
² fN!;sl iy hdka;%Sh l%u² ;dm m%;sldr l%u² frda.S Ydl bj;a lsÍu
² YIH úoHd;aul l%u² frda. ldrlj,ska f;dr frdamK øjH
Ndú;h² c, l
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² m
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² f.dúfmd< i;=ka² ye¢kaùu
² i;a;aj ksIamdok j¾. yd fmdaIKShw.hka² lsß² uia² ì;a;r
² Wiia ;dlaIKh Ndú;h² jeo.;alu² l=l=¿ md,kfha §
² ksjdi iemhSu² wdydr iemhSu² c,h iemhSu² ikSmdrlaIdj
² t< .jhka md,kfha §² ksjdi iemhSu² wdydr iemhSu² c,h iemhSu² lsß foùu² ikSmdrlaIdj² i;=ka y÷kd .ekSu
² fokqkaf.a m%ckk moaO;sh² jHQyh
² ,sx.sl mßK;sh² uo pl%h
² ye¢kaùu² wjÈ yd tajdfha ,laIK
15'1 f.dúfmd< i;a;ajksIamdokj,fmdaIKSh w.hkaúuid n,hs'
15'2 f.dúfmd< i;a;ajmd,kfha § Ndú;jk Wiia;dlaIKsl l%uYs,am úuidn,hs'
15'3 fokqkaf.a m%ckkld¾hlaIu;djby< kexùfïúúO ;dlaIKsll%uYs,am úuidn,hs'
02
05
10
² f.dúfmd< i;=ka y÷kajhs'² f.dúfmd< i;=kaf.a ksIamdok kï lrhs'² i;a;aj ksIamdokj, fmdaIKSh w.hhka
olajhs'
² f.dúfmd< md,kh i|yd Wiia;dlaIKh fhdod .ekSfï jeo.;aluúia;r lrhs'
² l=l=¿ md,kfha § iy t< .j md,kfha§ Wiia ;dlaIKsl l%u fhdod .kakdwhqre úia;r lrhs'
² t
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² fmr uoh² uoh² miq uoh² uo w;=r
² m%ckk ld¾hlaIu;dj by< kexùu² jeo.;alu² l%u
² lD;%su isxpkh² ye¢kaùu² l%shd ms
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² uo iudfhdackh² ye¢kaùu² l%u
² fm%dfciagfrdaka fydafm%dfciagfrdakuhm%;sl¾uh
² ¨fgkSlrK m%;sl¾uh² fm%dfciagfrdaka yd
¨fgkSldrl ixfhdackNdú;h
² ,sx. ks¾Kh² Y=l%dKq² l,,h
² lsß² ye¢kaùu² jdKsc lsß ksIamdok l¾udka;h
² .=Kd;aul lsß ksmoùu² jeo.;alu² n,mdk idOl² lsß mÍlaId
² jeo.;alu² úúO mÍlaIK
² fïo m%;sY;h² fïo fkdjk >k øjH
(SNF)
² uq¿ >k øjH (TS)² úYsIag .=re;ajh² wdï,sl;dj
10² lsß ks¾jpkh lrhs'² .=Kd;aul núka yd m%udKd;aul núka
by< lsß ksIamdokhla ,nd .ekSfïjeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'
² .=Kd;aul lsß ksmoùu i|yd n,mdkidOl úia;r lrhs'
² lsßj, .=Kd;aul nj mÍlaIK u.ska;yjqre lrhs'
² by< lsß ksIamdokhla ,nd .ekSuflfrys n,mdk idOl úia;r lrhs'
15'4 jdKsc lsßl¾udka;hgwjYH ;;a;ajúuid n,hs'
30
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² m%udKd;aul j by< lsß ksIamdokh² jeo.;alu² n,mdk idOl
² fmdaIKh² fi!LHh² jß.h² jhi
² l=l=¿ uia wdY%s; ksIamdok l¾udka;h² .=Kd;aul uia
² jeo.;alu² n,mdk idOl² mßlaId
² fN!;sl² ridhksl² bkaøsh f.dapr
² ksIamdok² w.h tl;= l< uia
² ì;a;r wdY%s; ksIamdok l¾udka;h² .=Kd;aul ì;a;r
² ye¢kaùu² mÍlaId
² ì;a;r lgqfõ >klu yd jhkh
² kejqï nj² msßisÿ nj
² j¾.SlrKh² jeo.;alu
06
08
² .=Kd;aul l=l=¿ uia ksIamdokfhajeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'
² l=l=¿ uiaj, .=Kd;aul nj flfrysn,mdk idOl úia;r lrhs'
² uiaj, .=Kd;aul nj ks¾Kh lsÍfïúúO l%u úia;r lrhs'
² uia ieliSfï kj l%u úia;r lrhs'
² .=Kd;aul núka hq;a ì;a;r f;darhs'² ks¾Kdhl wkqj ì;a;r fY%aKs .; lrhs'² ì;a;r wdY%s; kj ksIamdok ilik
whqre úia;r lrhs'
15'5 l=l=¿ uia wdY%s;l¾udka;fha kjm%jK;d úuidn,hs'
15'6 ì;a;r wdY%s;ksIamdokl¾udka;fha kjm%jK;d úuidn,hs'
31
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² ì;a;r wdY%s; ksIamdokj, kjm%jK;d² ì;a;r mjqv¾² fm;s ^flakes&
² mßirh flfrys n,mEu² jdhqf.da,hg² mig² c,hg² ðùkag
² n,mEï wju lsÍu² 4R ixl,amh
² idïm%odhsl ixpdrl l¾udka;h² j¾;udk ;;a;ajh² wNsfhda. yd .eg¨
² mdßißl ixpdrl l¾udka;h² wjYH;dj² m%;s,dN
² mdßißl ixpdrl l¾udka;fhaúúO;ajh² iajNdj mdol ixpdrl l¾udka;h
(Naturebase tourism)
² úl%udkaú; ixpdrl l¾udka;h(Adventure tourism)
² lDIs ixpdrl l¾udka;h(Agro tourism)
² wOHd;añl ixpdrl l¾udka;h(Spiritual tourism)
04
04
² f.dúfmd< i;=ka ksid we;s jkmdßißl .eg¨ y÷kd .kshs'
² mdßißl .eg¨ wju lsÍug lghq;=lrhs'
² idïm%odhsl ixpdrl l¾udka;fhaj¾;udk ;;a;ajh úia;r lrhs'
² mdßißl ixpdrl l¾udka;fhawjYH;dj u;= lr olajhs'
² mdßißl ixpdrl l¾udka;fhaúúO;ajh f.kyer olajhs'
16' ;sridrjmdßißlixpdrll¾udka;fhakshe
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² ixialD;sl ixpdrl l¾udka;h(Cultural tourism)
² ;sridr ixj¾Okhg we;s odhl;ajh
² mdßißl ixpdrl l¾udka;h i|ydm%foaYfha we;s úNj² ffcj úúO;ajh² wdl¾YkSh ia:dk² ft;sydisl ia:dk² .%dóh Ôjk rgd
² mdßißl ixpdrl l¾udka;fhaid¾:l;ajhg n,mdk idOl² há;, myiqlï² ixpdrl fjf
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² cSj úoHd;aul idOl² laIqø csùka² uyd csùka
² wdydr mßrlAIKh² ye¢kaùu² wruqKq
² wmf;a hdu je
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² meiùu (Fermentation)² ,elaála wï, meiùu² weisála wï, meiùu² uoHidr meiùu
² idkaøSlrKh (Concentration)² iSks Ndú;h² ¨Kq Ndú;h
² ÿï .eiSu (Smoking)² m%úlsrKh (Irradiation)
² wdydr úúOdx.SlrKh² ye¢kaùu
² ire lsÍu (Enrichment)² m%n, lsrSu (Fortification)
² jdis yd wjdis
² wdydr ksIamdokhla ilia lsÍfï talll%shdldrlï² m,;=re ksIamdokhla² OdkH$udY fnda. ksIamdokhla² lsß ksIamdokhla² ud¿ ksIamdokhla
² ilia lrk ,o wdydrh weiqreï lsÍuyd f,an,a lsÍu'
02
15
17'3 wdydrúúOdx.SlrKfhal%u y÷kd.kshs'
17'4 WÑ; talll%shdldrlï iy l%uYs,am Ndú; lrñkawdydr ksIamdokilihs'
² wdydr úúOdx.SlrKh y÷kajhs² wdydr ire lsÍfï yd m%n, lsÍfï l%u
úia;r lrhs'² wdydr úúOdx.SlrKfha jdis yd wjdis
,ehsia;+ .; lrhs'
² úúO j¾.fha wdydr ilia lsrSu i|ydNdú; jk WÑ; l%uYs,am yd talll%shdldrlï úia;r lrhs'
² WÑ; l%uYs,am yd tall l%shdldrlïWmfhda.S lr f.k wdydrhla ilia lrweiqreï lr f,an,a lrhs'
35
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² uõ Ydl md,kh² kquqyqka fm< mj;ajd .ekSu² mrd.Kh isÿ lsÍu² fïrE M,hlska îc fjka lsÍu² îc l,a ;nd .ekSfï l%u
² Ys;lrKfha ;eîu² ueá n÷kaj, ;eîu² lr,a f,i .nvd lr ;eîu
² îc m%;sldr² >k îcdjrKh bj;a lsÍu² WKq c, m%;sldrh$wï, m%;sldrh² ksfIaOl øjH bj;a lsÍug fia§u² os,Sr kdYl fh§u
² ;jdka² ye¢kaùu² ia:dkhla f;aÍu² ;jdfka o< ie,iau ilia lsÍu² ;jdka i|yd wdrlaIdj iemhSu
² i;=kaf.ka² iq
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² je,s ;jdka² fkßfvdaflda ;jdka² n÷ka ;jdka
² udOH ieliSu² ;jdka ÔjdKqyrKh² îc ixia:dmkh² ;jdka kv;a;=j
² fmdfydr fh§u² c, iïmdokh² m
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² me< isgqùu² isgqjk mr;rh ;SrKh lsÍu² j.d j< ieliSu² fmdfydr fh§u
² ldnksl² ridhksl
² ixia:dmkh
² md,s; ;;a;aj hgf;a fnda. j.dj² ye|skaùu² jeo.;alu² md,kh lrk idOl
² jdhj idOl² WIaK;ajh² wdf,dalh² idfmalaI wd¾ø;dj² j¾Idm;kh
² mdxY= idOl
² wdrlaIs; jHQy² j¾.SlrKh
² ;djld,sl jHQy² iQ¾h m%pdrl
² w¾O iaÓr jHQy² oe,a ksjdi² fmd,s;ska Wux
² iaÓr jHQy² yß;d.dr
² mdßißl ;;a;aj md,kh lsÍfïWml%u
19' md,s; mßir;;a;aj hgf;aid¾:l jfnda. j.d isÿlrhs'
² fnda.hg iqÿiq mßÈ isgqjk ia:dkhms
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² ks¾mdxY= j.dj² ye|skaùu² jeo.;alu² j.d l%u
² c, frdams; j.dj² ixirKh jk
² fkd.eUqre fmdaIK ødjKmg, ;laIKsh
² .eUqre fmdaIK Odrd;dlaIKh
² ixirKh fkdjk² uq,a .s,a jQ j.dj² md fjk j.dj² flaYsl wjfYdaIK j.dj
² >k udOH ;=< j.dj² isria j.d u¨ ;=<² ;sria j.d u¨ ;=<² n÷ka ;=< j.dj
² l%shd ms
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² l%shd msk udOH f;aÍu
² i,ld n,k .=Kdx.² >k udOH j¾.h
² wldnksl iajdNdúl² ldnksl iajdNdúl² wldnksl lD;%su² ldnksl lD;s%u
² >k udOH ÔjdKqyrKh lsÍu² >k udOH iys; j.d jHQyh ;=< me<
ixia:dmkh lsÍu² kv;a;=j
² fmdaIl iemhSu
² wdrlaIs; .Dyhla ;=< ikSmdrlaIl;ajhmj;ajd .ekSu
² úfYaI kv;a;= lghq;=² lmamdÿ lsÍu" mqyqKq lsÍu² M, yd u,a ;=kS lsÍu² mrd.Kh² wdOdrl iemhSu
19'5 >k udOH ;=< j.dl%u w;ayod n,hs'
19'6 wdrlaIs; fnda.j.dfõ §ikSmdrlaIdj iyúfYaI kv;a;=lghq;= msk udOH iys; j.dfõ kv;a;= lghq;=isÿ lrhs'
² wdrlaIs; .Dyhka ;=< ikSmdrlaIdfõwjYH;dj myod fohs'
• wdrlaIs; .Dyhka ;=< isÿ lrk úfYaIfnda. kv;a;= lghq;= isÿ lrk whqrewdo¾Ykh lrhs'
08
04
40
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² f.dúfmd< jHQy² ye¢kaùu² jeo.;alu² fnda. j.dj wdY%s; wdrlaIs; jHQy
² yß;d.dr² oe,a .Dy² fmd,s;ska Wux
² i;a;aj md,kh wdY%s; jHQy² nDDvr yd l=l=¿ ksjdi² .j ksjdi
² bÈ lsÍï i|yd wuqøjH² ye¢kaùu² j¾. iy tajdfha .=Kdx.
² fldkal%Sܲ oej² ma,diaála² GI ng² fmd,s;Ska² .fvd,a² fiú,s øjH
² f.dúfmd< jHQy bÈ lsÍu² mshjr
² uQ,sl iQodku² w;a;sjdru oeóu² ì;a;s f.dv ke.Su² fiú,s fh§u
20'1 úúO f.dúfmd<jHQy ms
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² m%udK ì,am;a² ye|skaùu² jeo.;alu² ieliSfï l%u² ieliSfï mshjr² m%Odk jev YS¾I i|yd m%udK .ekSu² l%shdldrlï ika;;sh y÷kd .ekSu² ì,m;a ieliSu
² N+ñ w,xlrKh² ye|skaùu² jeo.;alu² b;sydih² uQ,O¾u iy l,d uq,hka
² wkqmd;h² ;=,s; nj² kej; kej; fh§u² talShNdjh² udhsu² iajrEmh² jhkh² j¾Kh
20'4 f.dúfmd< jHQyi|yd m%udKì,am;a ilia lrhs'
21'1 N+ñ w,xlrKuQ,O¾u iy l,duQ,hka úia;rlrhs'
² wuqøjH iy Y%u wjYH;d .Kkh lrhs'² f;dard .;a f.dúfmd< jHQyh i|yd
m%udK ì,am; ilihs'
² N+ñ w,xlrKh i|yd fhdod .kakduQ,O¾u iy l,d uQ,hka ms
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² wjYH øjH f;aÍu² uDÿ wx.
² ye¢kaùu² j¾.
² ;DK msá² c, jyk moaO;s ie,iqï
lsÍu² fndaor² Ydl jeá² u,a md;a;s² ;ks Ydl
² ia:dmkh iy kv;a;=j² ;DK msá² fndaor² Ydl jeá² u,a md;a;s² rEÜ fnda,a lrk ,o Ydl
² oDV wx.² ye¢kaùu² j¾.
² m%;sud iy ueá n÷ka² mdrj,a iy w;=rKq² mzf.da,d iy wdrelal=² .suka y,² Èh we,s $fmdl=Kq$md,ï
² ia:dmkh yd kv;a;=j² ks¾udK ie,iqula i|yd wjYH Ydl
iy oDV f;aÍu
² WoHdk ks¾udKh i|yd wjYH uDÿ iyoDV wx. f;darhs'
² uDÿ wx. kv;a;=j ms
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² N+ñ w,xlrK wdldr² úêu;a wdldrh² wúêu;a wdldrh² ñY% wdldrh
² úúO WoHdk wx.² cmka WoHdk² mshis WoHdk² .sß WoHdk² kd.ßl WoHdk
² ie,iqï lsÍfï § i,ld ne,sh hq;=lreKq² fiajd odhlhdf.a wjYH;dj² ia:dkfha f;dr;=re /ia lsÍu
² N+ñh² udhsu
² foaY.=Ksl idOl² m%dfoaYSh kS;s Í;s
² ie,iqï lsÍu iy we£u² Ndú; jk ixfla;² is;shï ks¾udKh
² úhou weia;fïka;= lsÍu
² WoHdk kv;a;=j² WoHdk wx. kv;a;=j² WmlrK kv;a;=j² WoHdk wmøjH l
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² jHdmdßl u,a j.dj² j¾;udk fjf
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² f.dúfmd< hdka;%SlrKh² ye¢kaùu² jeo.;alu
² ìï ieliSu² wjYH;dj² ìï ieliSfï uQ,sl l%shdldrlï² ie,lsh hq;= lreKq
² ld,dka;rh² iS idk .eUqr
² ìï ieliSfï WmlrK² j¾.SlrKh
² l%shd lrùug Ndú; lrk n,hwkqj² ñksia n,fhka² i;aj n,fhka² bkaOk n,fhka
² Ndú; lrk wjia:dj wkqj² m%d:ñl ìï ieliSfï WmlrK² oaú;Shsl ìï ielisfï WmlrK
² l%shd lrjk whqre² kv;a;=j
22'1 f.dúfmd<hdka;%SlrKhy÷kajhs'
22'2 ìï ieliSfïWmlrK l%shd;auljk whqrewOHhkh lrhs'
² f.dúfmd< hdka;%SlrKh y÷kajhs'² hdka;%SlrKfha jeo.;alu úia;r lrhs'
² ìï ieliSfï wjYH;d yd uQ,sll%shdldrlï úia;r lrhs'
² ìï ieliSfï oS ie,lsh hq;= lreKqmeyeos,s lrhs'
² ìï ieliSfï WmlrK j¾. lrhs'² ìï ieliSfï WmlrKj, l%shdldß;ajh
úia;r lrhs'² ìï ieliSfï WmlrKj, kv;a;=
lghq;= isÿ lrk whqre meyeÈ,s lrhs'
02
06
22' f.dúfmd<hdka;%SlrKhms
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
22'3 w;=reh;a .EfïWmlrKhkaysl%shdldß;ajhy÷kd .kshs'
22'4 i;a;aj ksIamdoki|yd wjYH jkhkaf;%damlrKhkaysl%shdldß;ajhy÷kd .kshs'
22'5 oaú frdao iyisõ frdaog%elag¾j,l%shdldß;ajhwdo¾Ykh lrhs'
² w;=reh;a .Efï WmlrK² ye¢kaùu² j¾.SlrKh
² ñksia n,fhka l%shd lrjk² fyda WmlrK² l,aáfõgr² j,a me< fk
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² n, iïfm%aIK moaO;Skays Ndú;jk f;,a j¾.
² ;=ka mqrela wE÷fuys l%shdldß;ajh(3 point linkage)² iS iEu² leg fmdä lsÍu² iu;, lsÍu
² c,c Ôj iïm;a l¾udka;h² ye|skaùu² jeo.;alu
² wd¾:slhg² fmdaIKhg² úfkdaodiajdohg
² wdY%s; l¾udka;² úúO ksIamdok² NdKav yd fiajd² há;, myiqlï² úNjh oshqKq lsÍug
² c,c ffcj iïm;a² ye|skaùu² i;a;aj iïm;a
² u;aiH² wdydrhg .kakd² úis;=re
² u;aiH fkdjk² l%iafÜishdjka
23'1 c,c Ôj iïm;al¾udka;fhajeo.;alu ydúNjh úuidn,hs'
23'2 c,c ffcjiïm;a y÷kd.kshs'
² ëjr yd c, cSù l¾udka;fha jeo.;aluúia;r lrhs'
² ëjr yd c, ðù l¾udka;h wdY%s;l¾udka; kï lrhs'
² ëjr yd c, Ôù l¾udka;h oshqKq lsÍugwe;s úNjh úia;r lrhs'
² c,c ffcj iïm;a WodyrK iys; jj¾.SlrKh lrhs'
02
04
23' Wiia ;dlaIKl%uYs,amNdú;fhkac,c ffcjiïm;al¾udka;fhakshef
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
² fud¨ialdjka² tlhsfkdav¾fïgdjka
² Ydl² wdydrhg .kakd
² lrÈh² ñßÈh
² úis;=re² lrÈh² ñßÈh
² m%udKd;aul úYaf,aIKh² oDYH mdol we.hSu² .yk úYaf,aIKh
² wdydruh c, Ôù j.dj² ye|skaùu² m%Odk úfYaI² j.d l%u
² fmdl=Kqj,² l+vqj,² fldgqj,
² kv;a;=j² wdydr iemhSu² frda. md,kh² c, l
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
10
08
24' iajdNdúl jkiïm;aj,;sridr Ndú;hms
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
05
06
0525' Ydlidr ydi%dj wdY%s;ksIamdokilihs'
² jkdka;rj, ffcj úúO;ajh² ye|skaùu
² ffcj úúO;aj wdldr² cdk úúO;ajh² úfYaI úúO;ajh² mßir moaO;s úúO;ajh
² ffcj úúO;aj ixrlaIs; f,ijkdka;rj, jeo.;alu
² jkdka;r l
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
07
09
² Ydl idr² j¾.
² jdIamY,S f;,a² jdIamYS,S fkdjk ixfhda.
² ksiaidrKh² ia:djr f;,a
² mSvkh hgf;a ksiaidrKh² ødjlh f,i c,h Ndú; lr
ksiaidrKh² jdIamYS,S f;,a
² wdijkh² ldnksl ødjKhla oud f;,a
ksiaidrKh² jdI amY S, S fkdjk ixfhd a.
^we,alf,dhsv&² ;eïîfuka fyda ;,d ñßld .ekSu
² wdY%s; ksIamdok
² Ydl i%dj² j¾.
² rn¾ lsß² lcq-ue,shï² mefmd,a lsß² mhskia ue,shï² f;,sÊc ^fmd,a" ;,a" ls;=,a&
² Ydl i%dj ,nd .kakd l%u² Ydl i%dj wdY%s; ksIamdok² meKs² yl=re
² Ydl idr j¾. yd tajd ,nd .kakd Ydlfldgia WodyrK weiqßka fmkajd fohs'
² Ydl idr j¾. ,nd .kakd l%u WodyrKiys;j úia;r lrhs'
² m%foaYfhka imhd .; yels Ydl øjHhlaNdú;fhka Ydl idr ,nd .kshs'
² Ydl idr ksiaidrKfha mshjr úia;rlrhs'
² Ydl idr wdY%s; ksIamdok y÷kd .kshs'
² Ydl i%dj j¾. yd tajd ,nd .kakd Ydlfldgia WodyrK olajñka fmkajd fohs'
² Ydl i%djj,ska isÿ l< yels úúOksIamdok ,ehsia;=.; lrhs'
² m%foaYfhka imhd .; yels Ydl øjHNdú;fhka Ydl idr ksmojhs'
² Ydl i%dj ,nd .ekSfï § u;=jk .eg¨yd tajdg ms
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
03
12
04
26' n, Yla;swdY%s;.eg¨j,gms
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
05
04
06
² wdmod je
-
ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu úIh wka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,ld,ÉfÊoixLHdj
55
² we.hSu² fm!reI l=i,;d
² wjodkï l