Θαλάσσιες πόλεις στη σύγχρονη πραγματικότητα...µ 1 Ð Â Ë...
102
1
Transcript of Θαλάσσιες πόλεις στη σύγχρονη πραγματικότητα...µ 1 Ð Â Ë...
1
2
-
, 2016
3
-
4
5
6
5
9
11
11
12
VLFS 12
14
16
16
18
19
21
23
23
24
24
26
26
26
31
31
32
32
34
37
38
38
39
7
43
44
44
45
46
48
50
50
50
52
53
54
58
, , 1961 60
62
63
1999 64
2010 66
69
2008 71
, , 2010 74
83
86
87
92
99
8
,
S
9
10
1.
1.1.
1
“ ?”
,
.
33 2
2
1 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propeller_Island 2 Jules, Verne, «Propeller island», Wildside Press LLC, 2008, p.36-40
1:
11
1.2.
,
, ,
3
,
4
VLFS 5
1.2.1. VLFS VLFS
6
- -- -
« »
3Alexey, Andrianov, « HYDROELASTIC ANALYSIS OF VERY LARGE FLOATING STRUCTURES», TUDelft, The Netherlands, 2005, p. 2 4 E. Watanabe et.al, «Hydroelastic analysis of pontoon-type VLFS: a literature survey», Engineering Structures 26 Engineering Structures 26, 2004, p. 245 5 C.M. Wang et.al, «Very Large Floating Structures», Taylor and Francis, New York 2008, 204 6 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_large_floating_structure
12
7
S
8
7 C.M. Wang, and Z.Y. Tay, «Very Large Floating Structures: Applications, Research and Development», Procedia Engineering 14, 2011, p. 62 8 C.M. Wang, and Z.Y. Tay, . ., p. 63
:
-
2: , ,
13
1.2.2. Mega float 73%
9
VLFS
,
VLFS 10
- , 1998-99
, 11 ,
12
,
,
9 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan 10 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_airport 11 Alexey, Andrianov, « HYDROELASTIC ANALYSIS OF VERY LARGE FLOATING STRUCTURES», TUDelft, The Netherlands, 2005, p. 9 12 http://www.mlit.go.jp/english/maritime/mega_float.html
14
:
:
:
Nakheel
15
1. .
1. .1.
,
, 13 , ,
14
15
16
- 17
13 Ties, Rijcken, «Floating neighbourhoods as they were and will be; why dwellers would want to live on water », Doing, thinking, feeling home, Delft, The Netherlands, 14-15 October, p. 4-6 14
15 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uru_people 16 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makoko 17 http://www.sustainablecitiescollective.com/futurecapetown/241671/makoko-venice-lagos
16
:
12:
:
11:
:
1 :
17
1. .2.
18
19
20
21
18Maarten, Koekoek, Connecting Modular Floating Structures: A General Survey and Structural Design of a Modular Pavilion , Master Thesis, Delft University of Technology, October, 2010, p. I-2 19 Maarten, Koekoek, . ., p. vi 20 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJburg 21 http://www.archdaily.com/120238/floating-houses-in-ijburg-architectenbureau-marlies-rohmer/
1 :
18
22
1. . .
,
165
23
24
22 http://www.dezeen.com/2011/04/21/watervilla-de-omval-by-31-architects/ 23 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_The_World 24 http://aboardtheworld.com/
1 :
1 : ,
1 : ,
19
,
25 23
26
, ,
27
25 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS_Harmony_of_the_Seas 26 http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/05/17/worlds-largest-cruise-ship-harmony-of-the-seas-arrives-in-southa/ 27 Establishing offshore autonomous communities: current choices and their proposed evolution,
1 :
20
1. .
-
,
, -
,
21
1 : «
1 :
22
2.
Floating City, The Seasteading Institute & Deltasync, 2 1
2.1. ,
, ,
-
« »28
28 Karina, Czapiewska et al., Seasteading implementation plan, final report, DeltaSync BV,2013
2 :
23
S
«
, 29
,
30
2.2.
2.2.1.
29 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasteading 30 http://www.seasteading.org/floating-city-project/
24
31
((self-propelled), , (towed) (semi-submersible ship)32
- , (disassembled)
,
31 Eelco, Hoogendoorn, «Seasteading Engineering Report Part 1: Assumptions & Methodology», The Seasteading Institute, February, 2011, p.18 32 -
33 Eelco, Hoogendoorn, «Seasteading Engineering Report Part 1: Assumptions & Methodology», The Seasteading Institute, February, 2011, p.18
25
34
2.2.2. Sea ee ing
.
((Ship)(Raised platform)
(Breakwater) (Submerged)
2.2. .
(islands) (branch) (composite structure) (single large structure)
2.2. .
(Islands) (Branch) (Bay)
(Platform)
34 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_positioning
26
1:
27
2: ,
28
: ,
29
:
30
2.2. .
,
2.2. .
21:
31
2. .
2. .1.
.
,
Significant Wave Height
36
37
38
- -
35 Shanee, Stopnitzky, et.al., «Seasteading Location Study : Ship-Based and Large-Scale City Scenarios», The Seasteading Institute, November 2011, p. 9-11 36 Eelco, Hoogendoorn, «Seasteading Engineering Report Part 1: Assumptions & Methodology», The Seasteading Institute, February, 2011, p.26 37 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_wave 38 http://www.poseidon.hcmr.gr/waves_forecast_gr.php?area_id=aeg
32
,
22:
33
2. .2.
-
40
39 Eelco, Hoogendoorn, «Seasteading Engineering Report Part 1: Assumptions & Methodology», The Seasteading Institute, February, 2011, p. 12-16 40 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_waters
2 :
34
Seamount
41
-150
42
41 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seamount 42https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone
35
36
2. .
,
,
-
37
2. . Floating City 2 1 , DeltaSync & The Seasteading Institute
-
2. .1.
-
2 :
38
2. .2.
-
2 :
39
2 2 2
2 2
2
2 2 2
2 : 40
2 :
2 2
2
2 2
2 :
41
: 42
2. . .
43 44
- -
-
45
43 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquaponics 44 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroponics 45 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_multi-trophic_aquaculture
2 :
:
43
2. . .
-
46
2. . .
46 http://www.nasa.gov/centers/ames/pdf/638200main_OMEGA_FactSheet_final.pdf
1: 2:
44
. ,
,
47
,
47 Rutger, de Graaf, «Adaptive urban development: A symbiosis between cities on land and water in the 21st century», Rotterdam University Press, Rotterdam, 2012, 1st edition, p. 50
:
45
.1. Blue Revolution, Deltasync
,
48
48 http://www.blue21.nl/7-reasons-why-our-future-is-on-the-water/
:
46
:
21
:
47
.1.1.
,
49
50
51
52
,
53
49 http://www.blue21.nl/portfolio/blue-revolution/ 50 Christopher Kennedy, John Cuddihy & Joshua Engel-Yan, «The changing metabolism of cities», Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2007, vol. 11 (2), p 43-59 51 Peter Newman, & Isabella Jennings, Cities as Sustainable Ecosystems: Principles and Practices, Island Press, London, 2008 52 Herbert Girardet, & Miguel Mendonça, A Renewable World: Energy, Ecology,Equility: A Report for the World Future Council, Green Books Ltd, UK, 2009 53 Karina, Czapiewska et al., Seasteading implementation plan, final report, DeltaSync BV,2013, p.37-38
48
:
:
49
.2.
,
.2.2. City A s, Waterstudio floating city app
”.
54
. .
,
55
54 http://waterstudio.nl/Research_cityapps 55 Rutger, de Graaf, «Adaptive urban development: A symbiosis between cities on land and water in the 21st century», Rotterdam University Press, Rotterdam, 2012, 1st edition, p. 48
50
:
:
51
.
52
.1.
56 57 -
, -
, 58
,
59
60
56 Raffaele, Pernice, « Considerations on the Theme of Marine Architectures in the Early Projects of Masato Otaka, Kiyonori Kikutake and Noriaki Kisho Kurokawa», International Conference on East Asian Architectural Culture, Tainan , Taiwan, 2009, p. 97 57 Japan Housing Corporation
: Raffaele, Pernice, « Changing Architectures and Evolving Urbanism in Modern Japanese Urban
Environment», International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2014, vol. 6, No.5, p.352 58 Raffaele, Pernice, «The Issue of Tokyo Bay’s Reclaimed Lands as the Origin of Urban Utopias in Modern Japanese Architecture», AIJ -Journal of Architecture and Planning, Tokyo, 2007, . 613, p.261 59 Raffaele, Pernice, «Modern Japanese Waterfront Developments - Global vs. Local», IV Ajman Urban Planning Conference, Ajman, 29th-31st March 2010, p.2 60 Lin, Zhongjie, «Metabolism : Reconstructing the Modern City», 95th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings, Fresh Air, 2007, p.873
53
.1.1. Marine city, Kiyonori Ki uta e
61 " ",
,
, "
62
Marine city Unabara 1 ,
63 000
64 -
- - » « - »
65
61 Zhongjie Lin , «Kenzo Tange and the Metabolist Movement: Urban Utopias of Modern Japan», Taylor and Francis, 2007, p.26 62 Raffaele, Pernice, « Japanese Urban Artificial Islands: An Overview of Projects and Schemes for Marine Cities during 1960s-1990s », AIJ -Journal of Architecture and Planning, 2009, Vol. 74, No. 642, p. 1848 63 Raffaele, Pernice, . ., p. 1849 64 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism_(architecture) 65 Agnes, Nyilas, « On the Formal Characteristics of Kiyonori Kikutake’s ‘Marine City’ Projects Published at the Turn of the 50’s and 60’s», Architecture Research, 2016, Vol. 6 No. 4, p.102
54
2:
42
1: ,1960
: - :
55
66
Marine city 1
1963,
- , - ,
67
68
66 Zhongjie Lin , «Kenzo Tange and the Metabolist Movement: Urban Utopias of Modern Japan», Taylor andFrancis, 2007, p.27 67 Agnes, Nyilas, « On the Formal Characteristics of Kiyonori Kikutake’s ‘Marine City’ Projects Published at the Turn of the 50’s and 60’s», Architecture Research, 2016, Vol. 6 No. 4, p.103 68 Lin, Zhongjie, «Metabolism : Reconstructing the Modern City», 95th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings, Fresh Air, 2007, p.873
: :
56
: 57
.1.2. Plan for To yo, Kenzo Tange, 1
,
69
70
,
-
71
69 Meike, Schalk, «The Architecture of Metabolism. Inventing a Culture of Resilience», Arts, 2014, Vol.3, No.2, p.287 70 Lin, Zhongjie, «Metabolism : Reconstructing the Modern City», 95th ACSA Annual Meeting Proceedings, Fresh Air, 2007, p.874 71 http://cat2.mit.edu/arc/library/keel_tokyo60/introduction.html
:
58
:
:
59
.1. . Floating City Kasumigaura, Kisho Kuro a a, 1 1
,
72
73
,
72 http://www.kisho.co.jp/page.php/199 73 Raffaele, Pernice , « Japanese Urban Artificial Islands: An Overview of Projects and Schemes for Marine Cities during 1960s-1990s », AIJ -Journal of Architecture and Planning, 2009, Vol. 74, No. 642, p. 1850
1:
60
2:
:
:
61
.1. . -
,
-
,
62
.2.
, 1993
74 , 75
74 https://lifeboat.com/ex/bios.eric.klien 75 http://oceania.org/
: 1993
63
.2.1. Freedom shi 1 F S
76
, ,
77
76 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Ship 77 http://freedomship.com/overview/
:
64
:
65
.2.2. Harvest City, E. Kevin Scho fer Tangram DS 2 1 ,
78
, 79
. 80
81
82
78 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Haiti_earthquake 79 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_city 80 http://www.ted.com/talks/paul_romer_the_world_s_first_charter_city 81 http://www.archdaily.com/98488/harvest-city-tangram-3ds 82 http://www.e-architect.co.uk/haiti/harvest-city-haiti
: :
66
:
:
67
:
68
. .
83
84
-
85
-
86
83 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming 84 http://ocean.nationalgeographic.com/ocean/critical-issues-sea-level-rise/ 85 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level_rise 86 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_migrant
69
1:
2:
70
. .1. Lily ad Vincent Callebaut 2
87
,
288
87 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating_ecopolis 88 http://vincent.callebaut.org/page1-img-lilypad.html
71
:
:
:
72
: 73
. .2. Green Float, Shimizu, 2 1
30
89 http://www.shimz.co.jp/english/theme/dream/pdf/greenfloat_e.pdf
:
74
:
:
75
:
:
76
1 2
1:
2:
- :
77
Carbon negative
90
91
92
OTEC
93
90 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_carbon_dioxide_emission 91
, , 2012 92 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_capture_and_storage 93 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_thermal_energy_conversion
78
94
95
96
97
94http://www.aquaret.com/index8e56.html?option=com_content&view=article&id=181&Itemid=324&lang=el 95 http://www.otecnews.org/what-is-otec/ 96 http://www.power-technology.com/projects/makais-ocean-thermal-energy-conversion-otec-power-plant-hawaii/ 97 http://global.jaxa.jp/article/interview/vol53/index_e.html
: :
79
,
98
99
ero aste
98 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space-based_solar_power 99 http://www.mhi-global.com/news/story/1503121879.html
: 80
:
- :
81
:
82
. . , Floating City, ATDesign office 2 1 -
10 2
,
100
100 http://www.dezeen.com/2014/05/13/floating-city-at-design-office/
1: 83
2:
: :
: : 84
1 : 85
, , ,
,
, ,
86
Seasteading implementation plan, final report
Cities as Sustainable Ecosystems: Principles and Practices
A Renewable World: Energy, Ecology,Equility: A Report for the World Future Council
- -
Establishing offshore autonomous communities: current choices and their proposed evolution, 011,
-Engineering Structures 26, 2004,
Procedia Engineering 14, 2011,
Doing, thinking, feeling home, -15
87
- -
6,
«-
- -
2007,
- -
88
_
_
_
- -
- - - - - -
- - - -31-
_ _
_ _ _ _
- - - - - -- - - -
89
- -
_
_
_ _ _ =
_
_ _
_ - _
_ _ _
- - - - - - - -
-
_
_
_
_ _ _
_
_
90
_
_ _ _ _ _ _ _
- - -3
- - -
_
- - - -
_ _
_
_
1- -
_ _ _
_ _ _
- - - -
-
- _ _
_
- - - - - -- - -
- -
8 = _ ==
_
_ _ _
91
: , - , -
-003160-2 6 0 6 4F
: , - , -
- -518180-
1 : " " L _ _ %27_ _L
% 3% 9 _
2 :
SG- - - - - -
: -
:
:
:
:
- - - - -- - - - - - - -
:
- - - --
92
: - - - - -
1 :
11: - - - - -
12:
- - - - -- - - - - - - - -
1 :
- - - - - -
1 :
- - - -31-
1 :
1 :
1 :
1 :
-
1 :
2 :
21: Seasteading implementation plan, final report
93
22: Seasteading implementation plan, final report 7
2 :
- - -- - - - - - - -
2 : Seasteading
implementation plan, final report 36
2 : Seasteading implementation plan, final report 45
2 : Seasteading implementation plan, final report -33
2 : Seasteading implementation plan, final report
2 : Seasteading implementation plan, final report
2 : Seasteading implementation plan, final report
:
- _ _ -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _
1:
2: , Seasteading implementation plan, final report
:
94
-
: - - - -- - - -
:
: , Seasteading implementation plan, final report,
,2013,
: Seasteading implementation plan, final report
:
:
1:
2: - - - - - -
: -- -
-518091-
: -
:
:
95
: - - - - -
:
: - - - - -
:
- - -- - - - - -
1: -- -
-518180-
2:
:
- - - -003162-
:
- - -003160-
: 1993
:
- - - - -- -- - - - - -50-000-
: -
:
-
: -
96
: -
1:
2:
:
- - - - - --
:
- - - - - --
: -
- - - - - -
:
:
:
:
:
1:
2:
97
- :
:
:
:
:
- :
1: -- - -
2: - - - -
: -- - -
: - - --
: - - - -
: -- - -
98
1: Seasteading
implementation plan, final report
2: , Seasteading implementation plan, final report 2
: , Seasteading implementation plan, final report
: , Seasteading implementation plan, final report
: -
- - - - - - - - --
Seasteading implementation plan, final report
Seasteading implementation plan, final report
: -
- - - - - - - - --
- -- - - - -- - - - - -50-000-
Seasteading implementation plan, final
report
: -
- - - - - - - - --
- - - Seasteading implementation plan, final
report
99
: -
- - - - - - - - --
- - - Seasteading implementation plan, final
report
: -
- - - - - - - - --
Seasteading implementation plan, final
report
1 : -
- - - - - - - - --
- - - - Seasteading implementation plan, final
report
100
101
102
![Pentafluorostyrene7(/ )$; HPDLO LQIR#K\GUX FR MS 3HQWDIOXRURVW\UHQH · Ð ² È Ê É Ð å & ) &+ &+ W µ ] Ç õ ô 9 o } P E µ u ì ó ï ï ^ E µ u ò ñ ï r ï ð r õ D >](https://static.fdocument.pub/doc/165x107/60bd4d228718695af40aafbb/p-7-hpdlo-lqirkgux-fr-ms-3hqwdioxrurvwuhqh-.jpg)
![µ - KFC Romania si alergeni KFC.pdfv W ] v W W ] µ ] < v µ l Ç õ õ ò î ï ô í î X ì ì î X ô ð ô X õ ò ì X í î D ì X í î î X ñ õ í X ô ñ¥ ¥ ¥ } v µ](https://static.fdocument.pub/doc/165x107/5e5e339df36824137e206bca/-kfc-romania-si-alergeni-kfcpdf-v-w-v-w-w-v-l-.jpg)
![Ð - jsa.or.jp · 6 ° µ s u Î û\Ø ö\ü ¼\õ ¬ ` Æ ò z 1\Ô\Î\Ô\¶\ô\Õ\ò\õ ×\É\Ô ¹ 8 | \ü i ²\Ã\õn&rqqhfwhg ,qgxvwulhv|\ü ð \Ã\õ ±\Ñ\ \¬\ó\ð\õ]j]6\î](https://static.fdocument.pub/doc/165x107/5cd264c088c993e6198bb195/d-jsaorjp-6-s-u-i-uo-oeue-o-a-o-z-1oiooooo.jpg)
![SPECS BDTOPO v22 S22016 - Esri France€¦ · õ ó î D ] v ] µ hdD î ìE t'^ ô ð õ ó ï ' µ Ç v hdD î îE Z'&' õ ñ õ ó ð Z µ v ] } v hdD ð ì^ Z'Z õ î õ ó ñ](https://static.fdocument.pub/doc/165x107/5f81ab3bf00be569e203ab42/specs-bdtopo-v22-s22016-esri-france-d-v-hdd-e-t-.jpg)
![AVVISO TEST CDLM 2018í ï WW>y õ òW ò ñ> ï ó ôt s } v r µ o D P v ^ ] o } î í ñ 'ZE' / õ ñ ò î ï ð õZ s } v r µ o ^W í ô D sE õ ð ñ ñ> ó ô í^ s } v r µ](https://static.fdocument.pub/doc/165x107/5e70845ff4818207701ddaa7/avviso-test-cdlm-wwy-w-t-s-v-r-o-d-p-v-.jpg)
![HARDY LUTSCHER VITA - 2 2017 mittig · , Ç > µ Z Á Á Á X Z Ç o µ Z X ] v ( } Z Ç o µ Z X < o r ( ( r^ X õ = ð õ í ó ï ò í ó ð ì í ð](https://static.fdocument.pub/doc/165x107/5ead0711b741cb4cf14c537d/hardy-lutscher-vita-2-2017-z-x-z-o-z-x-v-z-.jpg)
![í ì ì t Z ] ] v P W ] v X o o µ u U t õ ô õ î î W,KE W ñ ì ... · ... v X o o µ u U t õ ô õ î î W,KE W ñ ì õ r ò ó ð r ... v Z Z v v o ñ ð } ñ ó Y E ...](https://static.fdocument.pub/doc/165x107/5ae219877f8b9a0d7d8be224/t-z-v-p-w-v-x-o-o-u-u-t-wke-w-v-x-o-o-u-u-t-wke-w-r-r-v-z.jpg)
![+QCine...Z o l U o · o ] u } P µ } ~ í õ ô ï o P µ } Ç o Z Z ] ~ í õ ô ð > } } ~ í õ ô ó < µ o o U o } v µ ] } ~ í õ õ ó Yh/Ed W Zd W ZK z s/K> E / >](https://static.fdocument.pub/doc/165x107/5f2a1d34933f275732635922/qcine-z-o-l-u-o-o-u-p-o-p-o-z-z-.jpg)
![Sucursales Servipag - TricotD µ v ] ] o ] W v Z µ o i v } µ Ì s P E Ñ ô õ í W v Z µ > r s ì õ W ì ì í ð W ì ì](https://static.fdocument.pub/doc/165x107/5f5076e986926712477d81fe/sucursales-servipag-tricot-d-v-o-w-v-z-o-i-v-oe-s-p-e-.jpg)
![Z À ] [ ] v ( } u ] u µ v ] ] ollivia.org/files/revista-municipal/45/revista_45b.pdfî '.Ð(105& +06'4Ð5 i µ v u v õ ó î ô õ ò ì í í D µ µ D µ v ] ] o õ ó î ô õ](https://static.fdocument.pub/doc/165x107/608dba584e07b52adc431d33/z-v-u-u-v-105-0645-i-v-u-v-.jpg)