f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok

;dlaIKh

8 fYa%‚h

lshùï fmd;

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ii

m<uq jk uqøKh - 2018fojk uqøKh --- 2019f;jk uqøKh --- 2020

ish¨u ysñlï weúß‚'

ISBN 978-955-25-0295-8

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska

nlaó.ia jej mdr" fmdaf¾" w;=re.sßh" 164$4 ork ia:dkfha

msysá ms%kaÜ tlafi,a ^mqoa.,sl& iud.fuys

uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'

Published by : Educational Publications Department Printed by : PrintXcel (Pvt) Ltd

iv

wms fjuq tl ujlf. orefjdatl ksjfiys fjfikdtl mdge;s tl reêrh fõwm lh ;=< ÿjkd

tneúks wms fjuq fidhqre fidhqßfhdatl f,i tys jefvkdÔj;a jk wm fuu ksjfiafid¢k isáh hq;= fõ

ieug u fu;a lreKd .=fKkSfj<S iu.s oñkSrka ñKs uq;= fkd j th u h iem;dlsis l, fkdu Èrkd

wdkkao iurfldaka

v

fmrjok

oshqKqfõ ysKsfm; lrd .uka lrkd j;auka f,djg" ks;e;skau wjeis jkqfha

jvd;a kjH jQ wOHdmk l%uhls' tu`.ska ks¾udKh l< hq;af;a ukq.=Koï imsreKq

yd l=i,;dj,ska hqla; ore mrmqrls' tlS W;a;=x. fufyjrg cj n,h imhñka"

úYaùh wNsfhda. iòyd Èßfhka uqyqK Èh yels isiq mrmqrla ks¾udKh lsÍu iòyd

iydh ùu wmf.a mru j.lSu jkafka h' bf.kqï wdOdrl iïmdok ld¾hh

fjkqfjka il%Sh f,i ueÈy;a fjñka wm fomd¾;fïka;=j ta fjkqfjka odhl;ajh

,nd fokafka cd;sfha oreoeßhkaf.a keK myka o,ajd,Sfï W;=ï wÈgfkks'

fm<fmd; úfgl oekqï fldaIaGd.drhls' th ;j;a úfgl wm úkaokd;aul

f,djlg o leòjdf.k hhs' tfiau fï fm<fmd;a wmf.a ;¾l nqoaêh jvjd,kafka

wfkalúO l=i,;d mqnqÿ lrjd.kakg o iqúi,a t<s oyrla fjñks' úÿìfuka iuq.;a

Èkl jqj wmßñ; wdorfhka iaurKh l< yels u;l" fm<fmd;a msgq w;r oejà

Tn iu`.ska w;aje,a neò tkq fkdwkqudk h' fï fm<fmd; iu`.u ;j ;j;a

oekqï wjldY msß biõ fj; ks;s mshuksñka mßmQ¾K;ajh w;a lr.ekqug Tn ieu

ksr;=rej wem lem úh hq;= h'

ksoyia wOHdmkfha uydk¾> ;Hd.hla fia fï mqia;lh Tn foda;g msßkefï'

fm<fmd;a fjkqfjka rch jeh lr we;s iqúi,a OkialkaOhg w¾:iïmkak w.hla

,nd Èh yelafla Tng muKs' fuu mdGH .%ka:h ukdj mßYS,kh lrñka keK .=K

msß mqrjeishka ù wkd.; f,dj taldf,dal lrkakg oefha ish¨ ¥ orejka fj; Èßh

iúh ,efíjdhs yoj;ska iqn m;ñ'

fm<fmd;a iïmdok ld¾hh fjkqfjka wm%udK jQ iïm;Aodhl;ajhla

iemhQ f,aLl" ixialdrl yd we.hqï uKav, idudðl msßjrg;a wOHdmk m%ldYk

fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾h uKav,fha ieug;a udf.a yomsß m%Kduh mqolrñ'

mS' tka' whs,mafmreu

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a


biqremdh

n;a;ruq,a,

2020'06'26

vi

kshdukh yd wëlaIKh

mS' tka' whs,mafmreu wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"


fufyhùu -

ví,sõ ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ^ixj¾Ok&"


iïnkaëlrKh -

tia' olaIsKd lia;=ßwdrÉÑ ksfhdacH flduidßiaa" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ixialdrl uKav,h

wdpd¾h m%idoa úu,r;ak wxYdêm;s" ikaksfõok yd udOH ;dlaIK wOHhkdxYh"

fld<U úYajúoHd,hSh mß.Kl wOHhkdh;kh" fld<U 07

wdpd¾h tÉ' t,a' fma%ur;a; fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h" fld<U úYajúoHd,hSh mß.Kl

wOHhkdh;kh" fld<U 07

wdpd¾h mS' tï' à' î' ikaÈß.u fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h" mß.Kl bxðfkare fomd¾;fïka;=j"

bxðfkare mSGh" fmardfoKsh úYajúoHd,h" fmardfoKsh

tia' ta' tia' f,dfrkaiq fyajd fcHaIaG lÓldpd¾h" mß.Kl úoHd wOHhkdxYh" reyqK

úYajúoHd,h" ud;r

fla' mS' tï' fla' is,ajd lÓldpd¾h" fld<U úYajúoHd,hSh mß.Kl wOHhkdh;kh"

fld<U

tia' olaIsKd lia;=ßwdrÉÑ ksfhdacH flduidßiaa" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

f,aLl uKav,h

ta' iqks,a iurùr .=re WmfoaYl" l,dmSh mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dkh"

lE.,a,

whs' wd¾' tka' tÉ' lreKdr;ak uOHia:dk l<ukdlre" l,dmSh mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dkh"

ckdêm;s úoHd,h" uyr.u

fla' ù' tia' tï' fudydka,d,a mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dk WmfoaYl" l,dmSh mß.Kl

iïm;a uOHia:dkh" fo‚hdh uOH uyd úoHd,h" fo‚hdh

ví' tï' ta' tia' úfÊfialr uOHia:dk l<ukdlre ^úY%dñl&" yd,swe, mß.Kl iïm;a

uOHia:dkh" yd,swe,

à' fla' m,a,sh.=ref.a mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dk WmfoaYl" nm$ch$Y%S hfYdaOrd

uyd úoHd,h" msÜgq.," ud,fí

mS' fÊ' fla' ly.,a, mß.Kl iïm;a uOHia:dk WmfoaYl" l,dmSh mß.Kl

iïm;a uOHia:dkh" Y%S rdyq, nd,sld úoHd,h" ud,fí

NdId ixialrKh

rxð;a b¨mamsáh ksfhdacH flduidßiaa" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

msg ljr ks¾udKh

pñkao ymqwdrÉÑ wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh

mS' tA' ã' ksixi,d i|ud,s wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

vii

mgqk

msgq wxl

1 ixLHd moaO;s 1

2fufyhqï moaO;sh Ndú;fhka mß.Klhla úkHdi

lsÍu iy isgqjï lsÍu 11

3 joka ieliSu 34

4 l%uf,aL f.dvke.Su 39

5 fN!;sl wd.Kkh i`oyd uDÿldx. Ndú;h 55

6 wka;¾cd,fha ießiruq 63

viii

6 - 11 fY%aKs f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh fm<fmd;aj,

wka;¾.; lreKq iy isiqkaf.a ks¾udKYS,s;ajh j¾Okh ms<sn`o

fhdackd iy .=Kfodia [email protected] hk

,smskhg tjkafka kï lD;{ fjuq'

ixialdrl uKav,h

1fkdñf,a fnod yeÍu msKsihs

fuu mdvfuka Tng"

² ixLHd moaO;shl ixfla;

² ixLHd moaO;shl mdoh

² oaúuh ixLHd moaO;sh

² oYuh ixLHd moaO;sh

² oYuh ixLHd oaúuh ixLHd njg yerùu

² oaúuh ixLHd oYuh ixLHd njg yerùu

² oaúuh ixfla; weiqßka o;a; ksrEmKh

ms<sn`o wjfndaOhla ,nd .; yels h'

ixLHd moaO;sj, wjYH;dj 1'1

Hello

101101001…..

rEmh 1'1 - mßYS,l yd mß.Klh

ñksid ;u ld¾hhka myiqfjka"

ksjerÈj yd jvd;a ld¾hlaIu;dfjka

bgqlr .ekSu i`oyd mß.Kl Ndú; lrhs'

ñksidg iqmqreÿ NdIdj,ska mß.Klhg o;a;

yd Wmfoia ,nd ÿkak o tajd ta wdldrfhka

u f;areï .ekSfï yelshdjla mß.Klhg

fkdue;' ^rEmh 1'1 n,kak'&

ta wkqj" ñksid úiska ,nd fokq

,nk mdG (text)" ixLHd (numbers)" rEm

(image)" Yío (sound) iy ùäfhda jeks iEu

wdldrhl u o;a; iy Wmfoia mß.Klh

ixLHd;aul w.hhka f,i y`ÿkd .kshs'

^rEmh 1'2 n,kak'&

ixLHd moaO;s1

2

10010100...1010010101010.....01011010………….....………………….....………10010011.....010010101.....001010100101010101.....1010001

101101....01010

11110101..000101

0110101....000101

0110...110101010

ICT or Information and Communication Technology is the infrastructure and components that enable ...

mdG (text) Yío (audio)

rEm (image) ùäfhda o¾Yk (video)

mß.Kl u;lh

(computer memory)

rEmh 1'2 - úúO o;a; mß.Kl u;lh ;=< oaúuh wdldrfhka mj;ajd .ekSu

ixLHd moaO;shla hkq l=ula o?

ixLHd moaO;shla hkq ixLHd ,sùug Ndú; l< yels l%ufõohls' ixLHd

moaO;s lsysmhla mj;shs' tla tla ixLHd moaO;sh i`oyd ksYaÑ; ixfla; m%udKhla

fhdod .efka'

úúO ixLHd moaO;s 1'2

lsishï ixLHdjla wh;a jkafka l=uk ixLHd moaO;shlg oehs oelaùug

tys mdoh fhdod .kq ,efí' ixLHd moaO;sfha we;s tlsfklg fjkia jQ ixfla;

(symbols) .Kk tys mdoh (base) fõ'

wm úiska wOHhkh l< hq;= ixLHd moaO;s y;rla we;' tu ixLHd moaO;sj,

ixfla; yd mdoh my; 1'1 j.=fõ i`oyka mßÈ fõ'

j.=j 1'1 - úúO ixLHd moaO;s

ixLHd moaO;sh (number system) ixfla; (symbols) mdoh (base) oaúuh (Binary) 0, 1 2wIaguh (Octal) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 8 oYuh (Decimal) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 10

Iâ oYuh (Hexadecimal) 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F 16

3

igyk - 8 fY%aKsfha § oaúuh ixLHd iy oYuh ixLHd moaO;s

muKla wOHhkh flf¾'

ixLHdjl mdoh oelaùu 1'3

ixLHdjla wh;a jk ixLHd moaO;sh oelaùug tys mdoh fhdod .efka' ixLHdjg

ol=Kq mi my< fl<jf¾ mdoh olajkq ,efí'

Wod - oaúuh ixLHd - 1012 , 1110112 wIaguh ixLHd - 1018 , 5738 oYuh ixLHd - 10110 , 4710 Iâ oYuh ixLHd - 10116 , 7B16

l%shdldrlu i`oyd jevfmdf;a 1'1 n,kak'

oYuh ixLHd moaO;sh 1'4

ñksidg yqremqreÿ ixLHd moaO;sh oYuh (decimal) ixLHd moaO;sh fõ' wms

fuys ixfla; b,lalï f,i ye`Èkaùug mqreÿ ù isáuq' ish¨ wxl .Ks;uh lghq;=

i`oyd ñksid oYuh ixLHd Ndú; lrhs'

oYuh ixLHd moaO;sfha ixfla; - 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

ixLHdjla ,shk úg tys ixfla; msysgk ia:dkh wkqj ixLHdfõ jákdlu

fjkia fõ'

Wod - 1" 2" 3 hk ixfla; fhdod .ksñka ,súh yels ixLHd my; oelafõ'

123 132 213 231 312 321

wvq u w.h jeä u w.h

oYuh ixLHdjla iE§ we;s wdldrh wOHhkh lruq'

231" .Kl rduqjl ksrEmKh lsÍu

100ishfha

tajd

102

10oyfha

tajd

101

1tfla

tajd

100

} } } }

} }Wod - 23110 = 2 × 102 + 3 × 101 + 1 × 100

= 2 × 100 + 3 × 10 + 1 × 1 = 200 + 30 + 1

= 231

231 úysÿjd oelAùu

ia:dkSh w.h

100, 101, 102 ... u.ska oYuh ixfla;j, ia:dkSh w.h ksrEmKh flf¾'

4


oaúuh ixLHd moaO;sh 1'5

tlsfkl fjkia ixfla; folla muKla Ndú; flfrk ixLHd moaO;sh"

oaúuh (binary) ixLHd moaO;sh f,i ye`Èkafõ' tu ixfla; fol 0 yd 1 fõ'

oaúuh ixLHd moaO;sfha ixfla; - 0, 1

oaúuh ixfla; jk 0 fyda 1" ìgqjla (bit) f,i kï lr we;'

Bit = B inary dig it 0 fyda 1

oaúuh ixLHdjla iE§ we;s wdldrh wOHhkh lruq'

1012 .Kl rduqjl ksrEmKh lsÍu

4y;f¾

tajd

22

2fofla

tajd

21

1tfla

tajd

20

} } }Wod - 1012 = 1 × 22 + 0 × 21 + 1 × 20

= 1 × 4 + 0 × 2 + 1 × 1 = 4 + 0 + 1

= 510

1012 úysÿjd oelAùu

} } }

20, 21, 22 ... u.ska oaúuh ixfla;j, ia:dkSh w.h ksrEmKh flf¾'

hïlsis ixLHdjla tla ixLHd moaO;shlska fjk;aa ixLHd moaO;shlg yerùfï wjYH;dj

1'6

wm úiska mß.Klhg fokq ,nk ish¨ wdodk mß.Klh ;=< oaúuh

wdldrfhka mj;ajd .efka' ;j o mß.Klh ;=< oaúuh wdldrfhka mj;sk o;a;

ilia lr f;dr;=re f,i m%;sodkh lrkq ,nkafka mdG" rEm" Yío" ùäfhda jeks

wdldrj,sks'

mßYS,l úiska h;=re mqjrefjka wdodkh lrkq ,nk ixLHdjla mß.Klh

;=< igyka flfrkqfha tys oaúuh iajrEmfhks' tfy;a th kej; mßYS,lhdg

fmfkk f,i ixo¾Ylfha Èia lrkqfha oYuh f,isks' ^rEmh 1'3&

5

DocumentHome Insert Page Layout Mail Merge

9

9

00001001

9 = 00001001

Processor (CPU)

Binary numberDigit

fudksgrh u; wxl 9 o¾Ykh

ùu3

ilikh

u.ska th

00001001

f,i ìgq

rgdjlska

y`ÿkd

.ekSu

2mßYS,l

h;=re

mqjrefõ

wxl 9

fnd;a;u

tîu

1

rEmh 1'3 - ixLHdjla oYuh f,i wdodkh l< úg oaúuh wdldrhg yerùu

tneúka hïlsis ixLHdjla tla ixLHd moaO;shl isg fjk;a ixLHd

moaO;shlg yerùu wmg jeo.;a fõ'

1'6'1 oYuh ixLHd oaúuh ixLHd njg yerùu

oYuh ixLHdj foflka fnod b;sß w.h igyka lrñka wjidkfha b;sß

w.h f,i 0 ,efnk f;la È.ska È.g u fnokq ,efí' bka miq j wjidkhg ,o

ìgqfõ isg uq,ska u ,o ìgqj olajd igyka lrkq ,efí'

Wod - 1310 ixLHdj oaúuh ixLHdjla njg yerùu

13262

32120

1011

1310 = 11012

fn§u ,íêh fYaIh

13/2 6 16/2 3 03/2 1 11/2 0 1

----

6


12

342172

8242

22

0

010001

3410 = 1000102

fn§u ,íêh fYaIh

34/2 17 017/2 8 18/2 4 04/22/2

21

00

1/2 0 1

------


12

492242

12262

32

0

100011

4910 = 1100012

fn§u ,íêh fYaIh

49/2 24 124/2 12 012/2 6 06/23/2

31

01

1/2 0 1

------


1'6'2 oaúuh ixLHd oYuh ixLHd njg yerùu

oaúuh ixLHdfõ tla tla ìgqjg wkqrEmSj foflys n,fhka tu ìgqfjys

w.h .=K lr ,efnk w.hhka tl;= lsÍfuka oYuh w.h .Kkh lrkq ,nhs'

^rEmh 1'4 n,kak&

oaúuh ixLHdj (binary)

oYuh ixLHdj (decimal)

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1128 0 32 0 8 0 0 0

128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 0

101010002= 16810

= 168

} } } } } } } }rEmh 1'4 - oaúuh ixLHd oYuh ixLHd njg yerùu

ia:dkSh w.h

7

2 ys n,

20 = 121 = 2 22 = 423 = 8

24 = 16 25 = 32 26 = 64

27 = 128 28 = 25629 = 512

210 = 1024

Wod 1 -

24 23 22 21 20

1 0 1 1 1 = 1×24 + 0×23 + 1×22 + 1×21 + 1×20

= 1×16 + 0×8 + 1×4 + 1×2 + 1×1

= 16 + 0 + 4 + 2 + 1

= 2310

101112=2310

Wod 2 -

24 23 22 21 20

1 0 0 1 0 = 1×24 + 0×23 + 0×22 + 1×21 + 0×20

= 1×16 + 0×8 + 0×4 + 1×2 + 0×1

= 16 + 0 + 0 + 2 + 0

= 1810

100102=1810

Wod 3 -

24 23 22 21 20

1 1 1 1 1 = 1×24 + 1×23 + 1×22 + 1×21 + 1×20

= 1×16 + 1×8 + 1×4 + 1×2 + 1×1

= 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1

= 3110

111112=3110


8

mß.Klh 0 iy 1 Ndú;fhka o;a; ksrEmKh lsÍu

1'7

mß.Klh ''ON'' fyda ''OFF'' hk

wjia:dj,ska iukaú; úoHq;a ix{d Ndú; lrhs'

''ON'' wjia:dj ''1'' u.ska o" ''OFF'' wjia:dj" ''0'' u.ska o ksrEmKh flf¾' ta wkqj mß.Klh

o;a; ksrEmKh lrkafka 0 yd 1 ys wkql%uhla

^ìgq rgdjla& wdldrfhks'

wm úiska mß.Klhg wdodkh lrkq ,nk mdG" Yío yd rEm wdÈ o;a; iy

Wmfoia mß.Kl u;lh ;=< ;ekam;a jkafka oaúuh ìgq wkql%u jYfhks' tneúka

mß.Klh ish¨ u wdldrfha o;a; ieliSug fmr oaúuh wdldrhg yerùu l< hq;=

fõ'

Wod -

ñksid o;a; olsk wdldrh

mß.Klh o;a; olsk wdldrh

1010...10101011...11010101........................

11..1100101.0010111...0101....................

1000001

rEmh oaúuh wxlkhg yerùu

y`v oaúuh wxlkhg yerùu

A wlaIrh oaúuh wxlkhg yerùu

00010019 b,lalu oaúuh wxlkhg yerùu

ta wkqj ish¨ u wdodk mß.Klh ;=<g oaúuh wdldrfhka ,ndf.k oaúuh

wdldrfhka ilid tu f;dr;=re mdG" rEm" Yío yd ùäfhda wdldrhg u wod<

m%;sodk Wmdx. fj; ,nd fohs'

9

mdG" rEm" Yío wdÈ f,i o;a; ,nd.ekSu wdodk

oaúuh wdldrfhka o;a; ieliSuieliSu

oaúuh wdldrfha isg kej;" mdG" rEm" Yío wdÈ f,i ,nd§u m%;sodk

mß.Klh ;=< ish¨ ld¾hhka 0 (OFF) yd 1 (ON) hk wjia:d fol

wkqidrfhka l%shd;aul fõ' o;a; oaúuh wdldrfhka mß.Klfha m%Odk u;lh fj;

,nd .efka' bka wk;=rej tu oaúuh ìgq rgdj ilikh fj; hjd th y`ÿkdf.k

ieliSfuka miq kej; u;lh fj; fhduq flf¾' bka miqj wod< m%;sodk Wmdx.h

fj; fhduq flf¾' ta wkqj mß.Klfha ish¨ wdodk" ieliqu yd m%;sodk ld¾hhkag

wod< oaúuh wdldrfha mj;sk o;a; mß.Klfha ixrplj,g .,d hk wdldrh rEmh

1'5 u`.ska oelafõ'

m%Odk u;lh

(main memory)laIqø ilikh

(microprocessor)

110...101

1110...11

1010...10

010...10äðg,a leurdj

(digital camera)

h;=re mqjrej

(keyboard)

moaO;s tallh

(system unit)

ixo¾Ylh

(monitor)

rEm (image)

mdG (text)

1

2

3

rEmh 1'5 - mß.Kl moaO;sh ;=< oaúuh o;a; yqjudre ùu

10

mß.Klhg h;=re mqjrej" äðg,a leurdj jeks wdodk Wml%u Tiafia o;a;

we;=<;aùu" m%Odk u;lh ;=< ;djld,slj;a" oDV ;eáh ;=< iaÒrj;a ;ekam;a lr

.ekSu" ilikh u.ska o;a; ieliSu iy ilik ,o o;a; ^f;dr;=re& m%;sodk

Wml%u fj; heùu hk ld¾hhka ish,a, 0 yd 1 hk wjia:d fol weiqßka isÿflf¾'


ixLHd

moaO;shoaúuh (binary) oYuh (decimal)

ixfla; 0, 1 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9mdoh (base) 2 10

ixLHd

ksrEmK

WodyrKhla

1110102 36710

hïlsis

ixLHdjla

tla

moaO;shl

isg wfkla

moaO;shg

yerùu

isÿlrkq

,nk

wdldrh

oaúuh isg oYuh olajd

1 1 0 1 1 0 0 11 × 20 = 1 × 1 = 10 × 21 = 0 × 2 = 00 × 22 = 0 × 4 = 01 × 23 = 1 × 8 = 81 × 24 = 1 × 16 = 160 × 25 = 0 × 32 = 01 × 26 = 1 × 64 = 64

1 × 27 = 1 × 128 = 128

1 + 8 + 16 + 64 + 128 = 217

oYuh isg oaúuh olajd

92

782392192

1562

422212

fYaIh

15610 = 100111002

0

- 0 - 0 - 1- 1- 1- 0- 0- 1

idrdxYh

11

fuu tallh yeoEÍfuka Tng"

² mß.Klhl Èkh" fõ,d l,dmh (time zone)" fõ,dj" uqo,a tall"

ixLHd iy tajdfha wdlD;s isgqjï lsÍu (format settings) ² mß.Kl f.dkq .=Kdx. úkHdih (file attribute configuration) ² mß.Klhl f.dkq fiùu (file searching) ² mß.Klhl oDVdx. ir, fodaI" fodaIdfõlaIKh lr úi`§u

² mß.Kl uDÿldx. ir, fodaI" fodaIdfõlaIKh lr úi£u

hk lreKq ms<sn`o wjfndaOhla ,efnkq we;'

mß.Klhl Èkh" fõ,d l,dmh" uqo,a tall iy ixLHd wdlD;s isgqjï lsÍu

2'1

uf.a mß.Klfha uqo,a tallh

yeuodu;a fvd,¾ i,l=K' ug

tal remsh,aj,g fjkia lr

.kak úÈhla keoao@

uf.a Trf,daiqfõ fõ,djhs fï

mß.Klfha fõ,djhs fjkia'

uu Bfh;a mß.Klfha fõ,dj

yeÿjd' wo wdfh;a fjkia

fj,d'

Th fokakf.a u

m%Yakj,g úi`ÿï fufyhqï

moaO;sfha ;sfhkjd' wmsg

wjYH jkafka tajd ksjerÈj

isgqjï lr .ekSuhs'

fufyhqï moaO;sh Ndú;fhka mß.Klhla úkHdi lsÍu iy isgqjï lsÍu 2

12

mß.Klhl jvd;a M,odhS l%shdldß;ajhla iòyd tys Èkh" fõ,d l,dmh"

fõ,dj" uqo,a tall" ixLHd iy tajdfha wdlD;s (formats) wdÈ o;a; th Ndú;

lrkq ,nk rgg .e<fmk f,i isgqjï lr ;eîu jeo.;a h'

2'1'1 mß.Klhl Èkh" fõ,d l,dmh" fõ,dj

my; oelafjk ld¾hhj, § we;s úh yels ndOl bj;a lr .ekSug bka

yelsfõ'

² uDÿldx. ia:dmkh lsÍu (install) fyda tajd hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu (update) ² fhÿï uDÿldx. iu. lghq;= lsÍfï § hï uDÿldx.hla kshñ;

fõ,djl § l%shd;aul ùu" jid oeóu" hdj;ald,Sk ùu hk lreKq

iòyd Wmf,aLk lsÍu (scheduling) ² fufyhqï moaO;sh hdj;ald,Sk lsÍu (update) ² uDÿldx. n,m;% il%sh lsÍu (activation)

mß.Klhl Èkh" fõ,d l,dmh iy fõ,dj isgqjï lsÍfï jeo.;alu

mß.Klhl Èkh iy fõ,dj

fufyhqï moaO;sh úiska f.dkq iq/lSu"

f.dkq fiùu" isys leòùu" jHdmdr ,sms heùï

hkdÈfha § mß.Klfha Èkh iy fõ,dj

Ndú; lrk neúka mß.Klfha Èkh iy

fõ,dj ksjerÈ j ilia lr mj;ajd f.k hdu

jeo.;a h'

mß.Klhl fõ,d l,dmh

cd;Hka;r iïu;hg wkqj f,dalfha rgj,a

fõ,d l,dmj,g fnod we;' fõ,d l,dm

kS;suh" jdKsc iy iudc wruqKq iòyd

wkkH jQ iïu; fõ,djka mj;ajdf.k hhs'

Wod - Y%S ,xldfõ fõ,dj fm'j 6'00 jk úg

tx.,ka;fha fõ,dj fm'j 1'30 fõ'

13

uqo,a tall iy tajdfha wdlD;s

mß.Klhl idudkHfhka isgqjï (default setting) lr we;af;a fufyhqï moaO;sh

ksmojQ rfÜ uqo,a tallhhs'

tu ksid wm rfÜ Ndú;hg wod< uqo,a

tallh wm ilid .; hq;= h'

ixLHd ,sùfï wdlD;s

cd;Hka;r jYfhka Ndú; lrkq ,nk

ixLHd iy uqo,a ,sùfï iïu; wdlD;s

fkd;sîu wka;¾cd,h yryd lrk

lghq;=j, § ndOl njg m;a úh yels h'


2'1'2 mß.Klhl f.dkq .=Kdx.

mß.Klhl we;s iEu f.dkqjlg u wod< jQ .=Kdx. (attributes) lsysmhla

we;' tajd my; rEmh 2'1 ka oelafõ'

rEmh 2'1 - f.dkq .=Kdx.

f.dkq .=Kdx. (file attributes)

f.dkqfõ m%j¾.h"

f.dkq kduh"

f.dkq È.=j

Wod -

text.doc, mypresention.ppt

f.dkqfõ

úYd,;ajh

f.dkqfõ

whs;sjdislï

(rights)

wjika jrg

f.dkqfjys

fjkialï

l< Èkh

f.dkqj

ks¾udKh

l< Èkh

f.dkqj

iq/lS we;s

ia:dkh

14

igyk - f.dkqfõ È.=fjka tys m%j¾.h oelafõ' WodyrKhla f,i

th mß.Klfha l%shd;aul l< yels (executable) f.dkqjlA o pdf f.dkqjla o wdÈ jYfhks'

f.dkq .=Kdx.j, m%fhdack fudkjd o@

² f.dkqj ms<snò jeo.;a úia;r f.dkq .=Kdx. u.ska ,nd foa' ;j o

f.dkqfõ whs;sjdislï fjkia lsÍfuka my; oE l< yels h'

◦ f.dkqj o¾Ykh fkdù i`.jd ;nd .ekSu (hidden) l< yels h'

◦ f.dkqj wdrlaId lr .ekSfï l%shdjla f,i wka whg f.dkqj

o¾Ykh jqj o ixialrKh lsÍfï yelshdj je<elaùu (read only) l< yels h'


2'1'3 mß.Klhl f.dkq fiùu (file search)

mß.Klhl iqrlsk ,o f.dkqjla miqj kej; újD; lsÍug

wjYH jQ úfgl tu f.dkqfõ ku fyda iq/ls ia:dkh fyda

wu;l jqj fyd;a tu f.dkqj fidhd .ekSu iòyd f.dkq

fiùu (file search) fhdod .; yels h'

fï iòyd úúO l%u fufyhqï moaO;sh ;=< we;s w;r

f.dkqfõ ku (file name)" f.dkq È.=j (file extension)" iqrlsk ,o Èkh jeks Wmldrl u.ska f.dkq fidhd .ekSu

WodyrK f,i oelaúh yels h'

idudkHfhka f.dkqjl m%j¾.h (file type) wmg wu;l

fkdfõ' tf,i u f.dkq kdufha È.=j (file extension) u.ska

f.dkqfõ m%j¾.h olajk neúka tu Wmldrlh Ndú; lr

f.dkqjla fidhk wdldrh l%shdldrlula f,i lr n,uq'

15

mß.Klj, uQ,sl fodaIdfõlaIKh (Troubleshooting) iy kv;a;=j (Maintenance)2'2

mß.Klh iu. lghq;= lrk Tng fndfyda úg uqyqK§ug isÿ jk uQ,sl

.eg¨ j¾. folla we;' wms tajd y÷kd .ksuq'

oDVdx. fodaI

mß.Kl wdY%s; fodaI

uDÿldx. fodaI

fhÿï uDÿldx. fodaI fufyhqï uDÿldx. fodaI

uq,ska u wms oDVdx. wdY%s; fodaI fudkjd oehs úuid n,uq'

mß.Klhl oDVdx. fodaI y`ÿkd .ekSug thg wfkl=;a Wmdx. iïnkaO

lrk flfjks (ports) y`ÿkd .ekSu jeo.;a h ^rEmh 2'2 n,kak&'

1 PS2 flfjksh

h;=re mqjrej$uQislh i|yd

2 VGA flfjksh

VGA iïnkaOlh iys; ixo¾Ylh i|yd

3 DVI flfjksh

DVI iïnkaOlh iys; ixo¾Ylh i|yd

16

4 HDMI flfjkshixo¾Ylh i|yd rEmjdyskshla iïnkaO

lrk úg fhdod .; yels h' fuu /yeka

u.ska Y%jH iy oDYH (audio and video) wdodk iy m%;sodk l< yels h'

5 USB

mß.Klhg iïnkaO l< yels USB j¾.fha

iïnkaOl iys; ish¨ Wmdx. i|yd

6 RJ45 B;¾fkÜ flfjksh

mß.Kl cd,.; lsÍug fhdod .kakd

RJ45 iïnkaOl iys; /yeka i|yd

7 eSata flfjksh

ndysr wdphk (external storage) Wmdx.

i|yd

8 HD Audio flfjksh

by< ;;a;ajfha Y%jH i|yd

9 Display flfjksh mß.Klhg äðg,a ixo¾Yl i`oyd

jk VGA iy DVI jeks fjk;a o¾Yl

iïm%odhkag jvd Wiia ld¾h idOkhla

,nd §u i`oyd

rEmh 2'2 - mß.Klhl flfjks

17

by; oelafjk flfjksj,g wu;rj fïi mß.Klj, fuka u Wl=¿

mß.Klj," geí iy cx.u ÿrl;kj, we;s flfjks lsysmhla my; rEmh 2'3 ys

olajd we;' wms tu flfjks o y÷kd .ksuq'

Parallel flfjksh uqølh i|yd fndfyda úg Ndú; fõ' tfy;a

kùk uqølj, we;af;a USB iïnkaOl /yeka

ksid kùk mß.Klj,ska fuu flfjksh bj;a

lr we;'

Micro USB flfjksh

cx.u ¥rl:k" MP 3 Odjl" photo printer" äðg,a leurd jeks iqyqre Wmdx. iïnkaO

lsÍug fhdod.efka'

SD card reader

SD card lshùu i|yd Ndú; flf¾' Wl=¿

mß.Kl geí jeks WmlrKj, olakg ,efí'

rEmh 2'3 - mß.Kl flfjks

mß.Klhg iïnkaO lrk úúO Wmdx. i|yd Ndú; flfrk flfjks

.Kkdjla u wms y÷kd.;suq' úúO Wmdx.j, fodaIdfõlaIKh i|yd fuu oekqu

b;d jeo.;a fõ' oeka wms mß.Klhg iïnkaO lr we;s úúO Wmdx.j, fodaI

.fõIKh lr tajdg úi÷ï fidhuq'

2'2'1 oDVdx. fodaI

oDVdx. ir,

fodaI i`oyd

WodyrK

² mß.Klh l%shd;aul fkdùu

² h;=re mqjrej (keyboard) l%shd;aul fkdùu

² uQislh (mouse) l%shd;aul fkdùu

² ixo¾Ylh (monitor) l%shd;aul fkdùu

² kdol (speakers) l%shd;aul fkdùu

² cd,h yd iïnkaO fkdùu

18

.eg¨j 01 (mß.Klh n, .ekaùfï fnd;a;u (power button) tnQ úg

mß.Klh l%shd;aul fkdùu'

wk;=reodhlhs æææ

fuu mdvug wod< hï hï l%shdldrlï w;r úÿ,sh

iïnkaOj lrk l%shdldrlïj, § oeä wjOdkhlska

hq;=j .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a fyda wëlaIKh

hgf;a lghq;= lrkak'

úÿ,s /yeka mÍlaId lsÍfï § m%Odk úÿ,s iemhqu

úikaê lrkak'

fujeks wjia:djl § l< hq;af;a l=ula o@

úi`ÿu 01 (

mß.Klhg úÿ,sh imhk m%Odk flfjksfha isg mß.Klh olajd úÿ,sh

imhk /yeka iy iïnkaOl ksjerÈj iïnkaO lr we;s oehs mÍlaId lsÍu'

mß.Klhg úÿ,sh imhd we;af;a wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.hla (UPS) yryd fyda Rcqj u fyda úh yels h'

ì;a;sfha m%Odk iemhqfuka úÿ,sh úikaê lrkak'

mshjr 1

19

wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.hg úÿ,sh imhk /yefka fmakqj

(plug) wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.hg fyd¢ka iúlr we;s

oehs mÍlaIdlr n,kak' tfuka u wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.fha isg

mß.Klhg úÿ,sh imhk /yefka fmakqj wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.hg

fyd¢ka iïnkaO lr ;sfí oehs mÍlaId lr n,d tfia fkdue;s kï fyd¢ka

iïnkaO lrkak'

mshjr 2

wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.fha isg tk /yeka mß.Klhg

iy ixo¾Ylhg fyd¢ka iïnkaO ù we;s oehs mÍlaId lrkak'

iuyr wjia:dj, § mß.Klfha moaO;s tallh (system unit) tflka

ixo¾Ylhg úÿ,sh imhd ;sìh yels h' tjeks wjia:djl kï tu úÿ,s

/yefka fofl<jr fyd¢ka iïnkaO lr we;s oehs mÍlaId lr n,d tfia

fkdue;s kï fyd¢ka iïnkaO lrkak'

mshjr 3

20

by; i|yka ish,a, ksjerÈ kï m%Odk iemhqfuka úÿ,sh

ikaê lr wkjr; úÿ,s iemhqï Wmdx.h l%shd;aul lrkak'mshjr 4

bka miqj mß.Klh n, .kajkak' fndfyda úg mß.Klh

l%shd;aul úh yels h' ;j ÿrg;a mß.Klh n, .ekaùu l<

fkdyels kï ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=f.a iydh ,nd .; hq;= fõ'

mshjr 5

úi`ÿu 02 (

m%Odk iemhqfuka Rcqj u úÿ,sh imhd we;akï my; oelafjk ms<sfj<g

úÿ,s iïnkaO;dj mÍlaId lr n,kak'

ì;a;sfha m%Odk iemhqfuka úÿ,sh úikaê lrkak'

mshjr 1

21

m%Odk iemhqfuka tk /yeka" mß.Klhg iy ixo¾Ylhg

fyd¢ka iïnkaO ù we;s oehs mÍlaId lrkak' tfia fkdue;s kï

fyd¢ka iïnkaO lrkak'

mshjr 2

by; i|yka ish,a, ksjerÈ kï m%Odk iemhqfuka úÿ,sh ikaê

lrkak'mshjr 3

bka miqj mß.Klh n, .kajkak' fndfyda úg mß.Klh

l%shd;aul úh yels h' ;j ÿrg;a mß.Klh n, .ekaùu l<

fkdyels kï ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=f.a iyh ,nd .; hq;= fõ'

mshjr 4

.eg¨j 02 ( h;=re mqjrej fyda uQislh fyda l%shd;aul fkdùu

úi`ÿu 01 (

mß.Klh kej; wdrïN (restart) lrkak' kj werUqfï §" wl%sh ù ;snQ

h;=re mqjrej fyda uQislh fyda l%shd;aul oehs n,kak' fndfyda úg l%shd;aul fõ'

tfia fkdue;s kï my; l%shdldrlï lrkak'

22

úi`ÿu 02 (

mß.Klh shut down lrkak'mshjr 1

h;=re mqjrefõ iy uQislfha fmakq" flfjksj,g ksishdldrj

iïnkaO ù we;s oehs mÍlaId lsÍug my; mshjr wkq.ukh

lrkak'

mshjr 2

iïnkaO lsÍug fhdod we;s flfjksh wkqj h;=re mqjre iy uQisl j¾. folla

we;' tajd kï USB iy PS 2 hk j¾. folls'

i. USB j¾.h kï my; oelafjk wdldrhg USB fmakqj fyd¢ka flfjkshg

iïnkaO lrkak'

ii. PS 2 h;=re mqjrej iy uQislhla kï PS 2 fmakq fyd¢ka flfjksj,g

iïnkaO lrkak'

by; mshjr ksjerÈj wjika lf<a kï mß.Klh kej; mK.kajd n,kak'

fndfyda ÿrg fuu Wmdx. l%shd;aul úh hq;= h' tfia fkdjqKfyd;a Tfí h;=re

mqjrefõ fodaIhla ;sfí oehs oek .ekSu i|yd fjk;a h;=re mqjrejla fyda uQislhlA

fyda iïnkaO lr n,kak' tajd l%shd;aul fkdjkafka kï ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=f.a

iydh ,nd .; hq;= fõ'

23

.eg¨j 03 ( ixo¾Ylh (monitor) l%shd;aul fkdùu

úi`ÿu (

ixo¾Ylfha mK.ekaùfï fnd;a;u l%shd;aul lr ;sfí oehs

n,kak' tfia fkdue;s kï l%shd;aul lrkak' túg o ixo¾Ylh

l%shd;aul fkdfõ kï my; mshjrg hkak'

mshjr 1

mß.Klh kej; wdrïN (restart) lrkak' kj werUqfï §" wl%sh ù

;snQ ixo¾Ylh l%shd;aul oehs n,kak' tfia fkdue;s kï iïnkaO

ksjerÈ oehs mÍlaId lsÍug my; mshjr wkq.ukh lrkak'

mshjr 2

Tnf.a mß.Klfha ixo¾Ylhg o;a; imhk /yeka j¾.h

y÷kdf.k ksjerÈ flfjkshg fyd¢ka iïnkaO lrkak' tajd"

VGA, DVI fyda HDMI úh yel' tfiakï my; oelafjk wdldrhg ksjerÈj

iïnkaO ù we;s oehs mÍlaId lr n,kak'

mshjr 3

VGA

DVI

HDMI

24

ixo¾Ylhg úÿ,sh imhk /yek my; oelafjk wdldrhg

ksjerÈj iïnkaO ù we;s oehs mÍlaId lr n,kak'mshjr 4

by; mshjr ish,a, ksjerÈj wjika lf<a kï mß.Klh kej;

mK .ekajQ úg fndfyda ÿrg ixo¾Ylh l%shd;aul jkq we;' tfia

fkdjqKfyd;a Tfí ikao¾Ylfha fodaIhla ;sfí oehs oek .ekSu i|yd

fjk;a ixo¾Ylhla iïnkaO lr n,kak' túg o l%shd;aul fkdjkafka

kï ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=f.a iydh ,nd .; hq;= fõ'

mshjr 5

.eg¨j 04 ( kdol (speakers) l%shd;aul fkdùu

úi`ÿu (

kdolj, we;s Yío md,lh u.ska Yíoh wju lr we;s oehs n,d

th Wmßuh foig lrljkak' túg o Yíohla fkdue;s kï

my; mshjrg hkak'

Yío md,lh

mshjr 1

25

mß.Kl fufyhqï moaO;sh u.ska Yíoh wju lr fyda wl%sh lr

fyda we;s oehs ne,Sug Tfí mß.Kl ;srfha hg fl<jf¾ we;s Task Bar tflys ol=Kq fl<jf¾ we;s kdolhl rEmh u; fojrla la,sla

lsÍfuka y~ md,lh ,nd.; yels h' tys we;s slider tl tyd fuyd lr

y~ wvq jeä lr.; yels h' tfia y~ jeä l< miq;a y~ ke;s kï my;

mshjrg hkak'

mshjr 2

Digit OutMicrophone In

Analog Line in Front Left/Right & Headphone

Center/SubwooferSurround Left/Right

Surround Back Left/Right

mß.Klh iy

kdol iïnkaO lrk

/yeka kdolj, ;dlaIKh

wkqj fjkia fõ' Tfí

kdol moaO;sh HD Audio ;dlaIKh iys; kï my;

oelafjk rEmfha wdldrhg

j¾K wkqj /yeka ksjerÈj

iïnkaO ù we;s oehs

mÍlaId lr n,kak' tfia

fkdue;s kï ksjerÈj

iïnkaO lrkak'

mshjr 3

Tfí kdol moaO;sh m%ldY wxls; Y%jH (optical digital audio) ;dlaIKh

iys; kï iïnkaO l< hq;af;a tl /yekls' th my; oelafjk rEmfha

wdldrhg ksjerÈ flfjkshg iïnkaO lrkak'

26

fndfyda kdol i|yd úÿ,sh fjk u ,nd Èh hq;= h' ta i|yd

fjk u úÿ,s /yekla kdolhg iú lr we;' th úÿ,s fmakqjlg

iú lr úÿ,sh ,nd § we;s oehs n,kak' tfia fkdue;s kï úÿ,sh ,nd

fokak'

mshjr 4

by; mshjr ksjerÈj wjika lf<a kï mß.Klh kej;

mK.kajd n,kak" fndfyda ÿrg kdol l%shd;aul jkq we;s' tfia

fkdjqKfyd;a Tfí kdolj, fodaIhla ;sfí oehs oek .ekSu i|yd fjk;a

kdol lÜg,hla iïnkaO lr n,kak' túg o l%shd;aul fkdjkafka kï

my; mshjr l%shd;aul lrkak'

mshjr 5

mß.Klfha Y%jH Odjl uDÿldx.h (audio device driver) ksjerÈj ia:dms; lr fkdue;s kï" ksjerÈ Odjl uDÿldx.h

ia:dms; l< hq;= h' fï i|yd Tn .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a fyda iydh

,nd .; hq;= fõ'

mshjr 6

by; ish¨ mshjr wid¾:l kï ld¾ñl Ys,amsfhl=f.a iydh

,nd .; hq;= fõ'mshjr 7

.eg¨j 05 ( mß.Klh cd,h yd iïnkaO fkdùu

igyk - mß.Klhla cd,hla yd iïnkaO jkafka cd,hg wh;a

iaúpfha (network switch) isg tk RJ45 iïnkaOlh iys; cd,

/yeklska h' fuu /yek iïnkaO lsÍug mß.Klfha B;¾fkÜ

w;=re uqyqK;la we;'

27

úi`ÿu (

fuu iïnkaOh ksjerÈ j isÿ ù we;s oehs my; oelafjk wdldrhg

mÍlaId lr n,kak' tfia fkdue;s kï kej; ksjerÈj iïnkaO

lrkak' ksjerÈj iïnkaO jQ úg B;¾fkÜ ljq¿fõ l=vd úÿ,s nqnq<la

oe,afjkq we;'

RJ45 iïnkaOlh mß.Klfha w;=re uqyqK;

mshjr 1

by; mshjr wkq.ukh l< úg o cd,hg iïnkaO fkdfõ

kï" Tfí mß.Kl ;srfha hg fl<jf¾ we;s Task Bar tflys

ol=Kq fl<jf¾ we;s mß.Klhl rEmh u; Right la,sla lsÍfuka ,efnk

fukqfõ ''Troubleshoot Problems'' u; la,sla lrkak' túg fufyhqï

moaO;sh u.ska fodaIdfõlaIKh lr cd, iïnkaOh ksjerÈ lr fokq we;'

mshjr 2

igyk - mß.Kl cd,hlg iïnkaO ùug kï /yek iïnkaO

lsÍug wu;rj isgqjï l< hq;= fndfyda foa we;' tu lghq;= i|yd

wjir ,efnkafka mßmd,l .sKqulska cd,hg we;=<;a jqj fyd;a

mu‚' tneúka tu isgqjï ksjerÈ lr .ekSug Tfí .=re;=udf.a fyda

.=re;=ñhf.a fyda iydh ,nd .kak'

28

2'2'2 uDÿldx. fodaI

uDÿldx. fodaI j¾. fohdldrhls' th my; 2'4 rEmfhka oelafõ'

fhÿï uDÿldx. fodaI

uDÿldx. fodaI

fufyhqï moaO;sfha fodaI

rEmh 2'4 - uDÿldx. fodaI

fhÿï uDÿldx.

hï lsis ld¾hhla mß.Klh wdY%s;j bgq lr .ekSu i`oyd fhdod .kakd

uDÿldx. fhÿï uDÿldx. fõ'

Wod - joka ieliSfï uDÿldx. (word processing software) me;=reïm;a uDÿldx.h (spreadsheet software) fjí w;sßlaiqj (web browser) rEm ilia lsÍfï uDÿldx.h (photo editing software)

fhÿï uDÿldx. fodaI

² l%shd;aul lsÍug fkdyelsùu

² újD; jqj o m%;spdr fkdoelaùu

² iïmQ¾K w;=re uqyqK; fkdfmkSu

² újD; ùug fndfyda fõ,djla .ekSu iy b;d ukao.dó ùu

² mßYS,l úOdk u; l%shd;aul fkdùu

² fufyhqï moaO;sh ksishdldrj l%shd;aul fkdùu

úi`ÿu 01 (

fndfyda .eg¨j,g ir, u úi÷u jk uDÿldx.h jid oud (close) kej;

újD; lsÍu isÿ lrkak' tfia lsÍfuka m%;sM,hla fkd,efí kï B<Õ mshjrg

hkak'

úi`ÿu 02 (

uDÿldx.h Tnf.a mß.Klfha msßú;rj,g iy fufyhqï moaO;shg wkql+,

oehs (compatible) úuid n,kak' uDÿldx. wkql+,;ajh (software compatibility) hkq

tl u mß.Klfha fyda mß.Kl cd,hlska fyda iïnkaO jk úúO mß.Klj,

iuyr uDÿldx. tl mß.Kl mßirhlg wkql+, úh yels w;r fjk;a mßirhlg

wkql+, fkdúh yels h' WodyrK f,i Windows fufyhqï moaO;sh ;=< l%shd lrk

iuyr uDÿldx. Mac fufyhqï moaO;sh ;=< l%shd fkdlrhs' tneúka uDÿldx.h

Tfí mß.Klhg wkql+, oehs úuid n,kak' tfia wkql+, kï B<Õ mshjrg hkak'

29

úi`ÿu 03 (

uDÿldx.h n,m;% iys; uDÿldx.hla o hkak úuid n,kak' tfia;a ke;s

kï fkdñf,a Ndú; lsÍug § ;snQ ld,h (trial period) wjidk oehs úuid n,kak'

n,m;% ke;s fyda n,m;% ld,h ksu jQ uDÿldx. Ndú;fha § .eg¨ we;s fõ' tfia

fkdue;s kï B<Õ mshjrg hkak'

úi`ÿu 04 (

fhÿï uDÿldx.h ms<silr (repair) lrkak' bka miq mß.Klh kej; wdrïN (restart) lr uDÿldx.h újD; lr n,kak'

úi`ÿu 05 (

mß.Klfha ia:dms; lr we;s wl%sh jQ uDÿldx.h wia:dmkh (uninstall) lr

kej; ia:dmkh (install) lrkak' by; 4 iy 5 úi`ÿï i`oyd Tnf.a .=re;=udf.a fyda

.=re;=ñhf.a fyda iydh ,nd .; hq;= fõ'

.eg¨j ( fhÿï uDÿldx.j, ks;r isÿ úh yels by; i`oyka fodaI ksjerÈ

lr .ekSug yels jqj o iuyr wjia:dj, § jhsri u.ska we;s

lrk n,mEu u; o tu fodaI we;s úh yels h' th o ie,ls,a,g f.k tu fodaI

bj;a lrkafka flfia oehs n,uq'

úi`ÿu (

m%;sjhsri (anti-virus) uDÿldx.hla u.ska mß.Klh iqmÍlaIKh (scan) lrkak' bka miq mß.Klh kej; wdrïN (restart) lr uDÿldx.h újD; lr

n,kak'

igyk - mß.Kl ffjrihla hkq mß.Kl moaO;shg ydks muqKjk"

o;a; úkdY lrk ffjri msgm;a m%;sks¾udKh (replicate) lsÍfï

yelshdjla we;s wksIag fla;hls (malicious code).

fufyhqï moaO;sfha fodaI

mß.Klhl fufyhqï moaO;sfha we;s jk fodaI ksid mßYS,lhdg fndfyda

ÿIalr;d isÿ úh yels h' fïjd kï"

² mß.Klh wdrïN ùug fndfyda fj,djla .;ùu'

² ish¨ u ld¾hhka b;d ukao.dó ùu

² mßYS,l úOdk u; l%shd;aul fkdùu

² wdrïNl ;srh (Desktop) ysiaùu

30

.eg¨j 01 ( mß.Klh ukao.dó ùu

igyk - mß.Klhl wdrïNl jevigyka (startup programs) ixLHdj úYd, ùu;a m%Odk wdphkh wkjYH uDÿldx. iy f.dkq

u.ska msÍ mej;Su;a ksid mß.Klh ukao.dó úh yel' fï i|yd

úi÷ï my; oelafõ' tu úi÷ï i|yd mßmd,l .sKqulska mß.Klhg

mQrKh úh hq;= h' tneúka fï ish,a, Tnf.a .=re;=ud fyda .=re;=ñh fyda

úiska wdo¾Ykh lrkq we;'

úi`ÿu (

wdrïNl jevigyka (startup programs) w;ßka wjYH fkdjk

jevigyka bj;a lrkak' túg mß.Klh wdrïN ùfï fõ.h

jeä fõ'

mshjr 1

wkjYH f.dkq bj;a lrkak' fï i|yd fufyhqï moaO;sfha

we;s (Disk Cleanup) fuj,u Ndú; l< yels h'mshjr 2

by; ish,a, l< miq;a m%;sM,hla fkd,efí kï" fufyhqï

moaO;sh ms<silr (repair) lrkak'mshjr 3

th o wid¾:l kï fufyhqï moaO;sh m%;sia:dmkh (re-install) lrkak'

mshjr 4

.eg¨j 02 ( wdrïNl ;srh ysiaùu

igyk - fufyhqï moaO;sfha hï fodaIhla ksid fyda isgqjïj,

(settings) fjkia ùula fyda ksid fufia (desktop icons) fkdfmkS

hdug mq¿jk'

úi`ÿu 01 (

Windows 10 fufyhqï moaO;sfha desktop ;srh o¾Ykh l< yels wdldr (modes) folla we;' tajd kï"

a. Tablet wdldrh

b. mqoa., mß.Kl (PC) wdldrh fõ'

fuu isgqju Tablet wdldrhg yrjd ;snqK fyd;a desktop icons fkdfmfka'

tneúka tu isgqju i`oyd my; i|yka mshjr wkq.ukh lruq'

31

mß.Kl ;srfha task bar tflys ol=Kq fl<jr we;s ^fj,djg

jfuka& l:k ne¨u (speech balloon) u; la,sla lrkak'mshjr 1

túg Windows action center újD; fõ' tys my; RcqfldaKdi%dldr

fnd;a;ï lsysmhla Èiafõ' tu fnd;a;ï w;ßka Tablet mode fnd;a;u u; la,sla lsÍfuka Tablet wdldrfhka PC wdldrhg udreúh yels

h' tfia PC wdldrhg udre jQ úg desktop icons kej; Èia jkq we;'

mshjr 2

úi`ÿu 02 (

by; l%shdldrlu l< miqj;a desktop icons fkdfmfka kï" iuyr úg desktop icons o¾Ykh ùu wn, (disable) lr ;sìh yels h' tfia kï th kej; n,

.ekaùug (enable) lsÍug my; i|yka mshjr wkq.ukh lrkak'

mß.Kl ;srfha ysia wjldYhl uQislh right la,sla lrkak'

túg ,efnk fukqfõ View u; la,sla l< úg my; rEmfha

oelafjk wdldrhg w;=re fukqjla ,efí'

mshjr 1

View Large icons

Medium icons

Small icons

Auto arrange icons icons

Align icons to grid

Show desktop icons

Sort by

Refresh

Paste

Paste shortcut

NVIDIA Control Panel

New

Display settings

32

tu w;=re fukqfõ ''Show desktop icons'' u; la,sla lrkak'

túg show desktop icons bÈßfhka '' √ '' ,l=K jeà th n,

.ekafõ' oeka Tfí ;srh u; desktop icons Èia jkq we;'

mshjr 2

úi`ÿu 03 (

by; úi÷ïj,ska miqj o Tnf.a mß.Kl ;srh ysia kï fufyhqï moaO;sfha

fodaIhla ksid tfia úh yels h' tu fodaI úi£ug mßmd,l .sKqulska mß.Klhg

mQrKh (log in) úh hq;= ksid Tnf.a .=re;=udf.a fyda .=re;=ñhf.a fydA iydh

,nd.; hq;= fõ'

l%shdldrlu 2'4 iy 2'5 iòyd jevfmd; n,kak'

fufyhqï moaO;sh Ndú;fhka mß.Klhl úkHdih (configuration) ieliSu

iy isgqjï (setting) lsÍu isÿ l< yel'

² fufyhqï moaO;sh úiska f.dkq iq/lSu" f.dkq fiùu" isys leòùï" jHdmdr

,sms heùï hkdÈfha § mß.Klfha Èkh iy fõ,dj Ndú; lrk neúka

mß.Klfha Èkh iy fõ,dj ksjerÈj ilia lr mj;ajd f.k hdu

jeo.;ah'

² cd;Hka;r iïu;hg wkqj f,dalfha rgj,a fõ,d l,dmj,g fnod we;'

fõ,d l,dm kS;suh" jdKsc iy iudc wruqKq iòyd wkkH jQ iïu;

fõ,djla mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nhs'

² uqo,a tall iy tajdfha ixfla; ;u rfÜ Ndú;h wkqj ilid .; hq;= h'

² cd;Hka;r jYfhka Ndú; flfrk ixLHd iy uqo,a ,sùfï iïu; wdlD;s

we;'

mß.Klhl f.dkq .=Kdx. lsysmhls;

² f.dkqj iq/lS we;s ia:dkh

² wjika jrg f.dkqfjys fjkialï l< Èkh

² f.dkqfõ m%j¾.h

² f.dkqfõ úYd,;ajh

² f.dkqj ks¾udKh l< Èkh

² f.dkqj m%fõY l< yels hï whs;sjdislï

idrdxYh

33

² mß.Klhl iqrlsk ,o f.dkqjla miqj kej; újD; lsÍug wjYH jQ úfgl

tu f.dkqfõ ku fyda iq/ls ia:dkh fyda wu;l jqjfyd;a tu f.dkqj

fidhd .ekSu i`oyd f.dkq fiùu (file search) fhdod .; yels h'

² mqoa., mß.Klhg iïnkaO lrk wfkl=;a Wmdx. mß.Klhg iïnkaO

lrk uqyqK;a flfjks (ports) we;'

² mß.Klh iu. lghq;= lrk Tng fndfyda úg uqyqK§ug isÿ jk uQ,sl

fodaI j¾. folla we;'

◦ oDVdx. ir, fodaI

◦ uDÿldx. ir, fodaI

² oDVdx. ir, fodaI

◦ h;=re mqjrefõ fyda uQislfha fyda fodaI

◦ ixo¾Ylfha fodaI

◦ kdolj, fodaI

◦ mß.Klh cd,hg iïnkaO fkdùfï fodaIh

² uDÿldx. ir, fodaI

◦ fufyhqï moaO;sfha we;s jk fodaI

◦ fhÿï uDÿldx.j, we;s jk fodaI

² mß.Kl ffjrihla hkq mß.Kl moaO;shg ydks muqKqjk" o;a; úkdY

lrk ffjri msgm;a m%;sks¾udKh (replicate) lsÍfï yelshdjla we;s wksIag

fla;hls (melware).

34


² joka ieliSu hkq l=ula o hkak ms<sn`oj yd

² joka ieliSfï uDÿldx.hla Ndú;fhka

² f,aLkhla ks¾udKh lsÍu" újD; lsÍu" .nvd lsÍu iy jid oeóu

² mdG yeviõ lsÍu

² f.dkq$jia;= we;=<;a lsÍu

² j.=jla we;=<;a lsÍu

² wlaIr úkHdih yd jHdlrK mÍlaId lsÍu yd

² ,ehsia;= ilia lsÍu

ms<sn`o wjfndaOhla ,efnkq we;'

fujr idys;H Wf<,g

wjYH wdrdOkd m;% ilia

lrkak lsh,d .=re;=ó ug

lsjqjd' Bfha oji u W;aidy

l<d' ta;a" uf.a wl=re

,iaik keye" wms<sfj<hs

lsh,hs ug kï ysf;kafka'

Wf<f,a isysjgk fmd;

ilia lrkafka uuhs' wl=re

w;ska ,sh,d msx;+r wekaod

u ,iaik keye' fïjd

ms<sfj<g" ,iaikg ilia

lr .kak fjk;a l%uhla

keoao@

wehs ke;af;a@ fï ish¨ u

,sms f,aLk" mß.Klhl

ia:dmkh lr we;s joka

ieliSfï uDÿldx.hla

weiqfrka b;du;a ,iaikg;a

ms<sfj<g;a ilia lr .kak

mq¿jks'

joka ieliSu3

35

joka ieliSfï uDÿldx.h u.ska f,aLk ks¾udKh lsÍu joka ieliSu kï

fõ' joka ieliSfï uDÿldx.h fhÿï uDÿldx.hls' fuu uDÿldx.h u.ska ks¾udKh

l< yels f,aLk fndfyda h' WodyrK lsysmhla my; 3'1 rEmfhka oelafõ'

mqj;am;a

m%Yakm;%

,sms

whÿïm;awdrdOkdm;a

iqnme;=ïm;a

i`.rdjoka

ieliqu

rEmh 3'1 - joka ieliqu u.ska ielish yels f,aLk

joka ieliSfï uDÿldx.hla Ndú; lrñka f,aLk ks¾udKh lsÍfï § fhdod

.kq ,nk fuj,ï /ils' tajdfhys ld¾hhka y`ÿkd .ksuq'

fmdÿ fuj,ï

kj f,aLkhla ,nd

.ekSu - New;ekam;a l< f,aLkhla

újD; lsÍu - Openf,aLkhl uqøs; fmr

oiqk - Print Preview

f,aLkhla ;ekam;a

lsÍu - Savetla jrla ;ekam;a l<

f,aLkhla fjk;a kulska

;ekam;a lsÍu - Save as

f,aLk uqøKh

lsÍug - Print

36

lrk ,o l%shdjla wj,x.=

lsÍug - Undowl=re" mska;+r wdÈh

msgm;a lsÍug - Copy

msgm;a l< fyda lmd.;a

fyda wl=re" mska;+r wdÈh

we,ùug - Paste

wj,x.= lrk ,o l%shdj

kej; lsÍug - Redo wl=re" mska;+r wdÈh

lmd .ekSug - Cutjpkj, iy jdlHj,

wlaIr úkHdih iy

jHdlrK ksjerÈ lr

.ekSug

wl=re yeviõ lsÍfï fuj,ï - Text Formatting Tools

wl=re we, lsÍug

- Italicfma<sfha my<g .ekSug

Subscript - (Wod - CO2)

fma<sfhka by<g

.ekSug

Superscript - (Wod - 22 , 23)

wl=re úfYaI lr

fmkaùug - Highlight

wl=re j¾. - Font

wl=re ;o meye

.ekaùug -

Bold

háka brla we`§ug

- Underline

wl=re mdg lsÍug

- Color

wl=rej, m%udKh

fjkia lsÍug - Sizeud;Dldj

wkqud;Dldj

idudkH wl=re

Times New RomanCambriairmala UI

†BindumAthiTT

37

tfl,a, lsÍfï iy ia:dk .; lsÍfï fuj,ï

Alignment and Positioning Tools

123

jug tfl,a,

lsÍu

Align Left

ol=Kg

tfl,a, lsÍu

Align Right

fma<s w;r mr;rh fjkia

lsÍug

Line and Paragraph Spacing

nq,Ü

Bulletswxlk

Numberingueog tfl,a, lsÍu

Centerfomig tfl,a, lsÍu

Justify

miqìu j¾K

.ekaùug

Shading

l%shdldrlï i`oyd jevfmdf;a l%shdldrlu 3'1" 3'2" 3'3" 3'4

iy 3'5 n,kak'

f,aLkhg tl;= lr .; yels úúO jia;=

Insert Objects

A A

mska;+r

Picturesyev;,

Shapeswl=re fldgq

Text boxes

j.=

Tablesl,d;aul wl=re

Word Artmß.Klfha ia:dms; mska;+r

Clip Art

38

l%shdldrlï i`oyd jevfmdf;a l%shdldrlu 3'6" 3'7" 3'8" 3'9

iy 3'10 n,kak'

² joka ieliSfï uDÿldx.hla Ndú; lrñka ,sms" iÕrd" iy;sl m;%" whÿï m;%

wdÈ ;j;a fndfyda f,aLk ilia l< yels h' fuh joka ieliSu hkqfjka

ye`Èkafõ'

² kj f,aLk New" újD; lsÍu Open" ;ekam;a lsÍu Save" uqøKh Print" uqøK

fmr oiqk Print Preview" fmr l%shdj Redo" wdmiq l%shdj Undo" lemSu Cut" msgm;a lsÍu Copy" we,ùu paste" Spelling and Grammar wdÈh fmdÿ fuj,ï

h'

² Size, Color, Bold, Italic, Underline, Highlight, Font, Superscript, Subscript wdÈh wl=re yeviõ lsÍfï fuj,ï h'

² Left align, Center, Right align, Justify, Bullets, Numbering, line spacing, shading wdÈh fþo tfl,a, lsÍfï fuj,ï h'

² Pictures, Tables, Shapes, Text boxes, Clip art, Word art f,aLkhg tl;= lr

.; yels foa h'

idrdxYh

39


² .eg¨ úYaf,aIKh lsÍu

² f;aÍï md,k jHqy

² tÈfkod .eg¨j,g .e,Sï igyka weiqßka úi`ÿï oelaùu

² Scratch uDÿldx.h weiqßka wkql%uh yd f;aÍï md,k jHqy iys;

jevigyka ieliSu

² cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx.j, fhÿï

ms<snò wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug yels jkq we;'

.eg¨j úYaf,aIKh lsÍu4'1

úYaf,aIKh hkq hï fohla mÍlaIdjlg ,lalr ir, fldgiaj,g fjka

lsÍuhs' tfia fjka l< miq ta ms<snò ú.%yhla lsÍu myiq jkq we;'

ksoiqkla f,i ,smsøjH wf,ú i,lska ksl=;a l< my; oelafjk ì,am; i,luq'

,ÿm;

ABC fmd;ay, Èkh - ''''''''''''''''''''

whs;uh m%udKh tall

ñ,

uqo,

re'

msgq 200 1 150.00 150.00msgq 80 4 55.00 220.00

ldnka mEka 3 15.00 45.00

tl;=j 415.00

wdodk m%;sodk

l%shdj,sh

tla tla whs;uh iòyd

jk uqo, .Kkh lsÍug whs;uh"

m%udKh iy tall uqo, wjYH

fõ' fuu ì, ieliSfï l%shdj,sh

iòyd wjYH oE wdodk f,i

ie,fla' tla tla whs;ufhka ñ,

§ .;a uq¿ m%udKh iòyd jk

uqo,;a" ì,amf;a uq¿ tl;=j;a

fidhd .ekSu l%shdj,sh fõ'

tla tla whs;uh iòyd uqo, yd

ì,amf;a tl;=j m%;sodkh fõ'

ta wkqj by; ì,am;

úYaf,aIKh lr wdodk" m%;sodk

yd l%shdj,sh y`ÿkd .ksuq'

l%uf,aL f.dvke.Su4

40

wdodkh ( whs;ufha ku" m%udKh" tall ñ,

l%shdj,sh ( ñ,g .;a whs;uhla iòyd

f.úh hq;= uqo, = m%udKh × tall ñ,

ì,amf;A tl;=j = ì,amf;a iòyka whs;u iòyd f.úh

hq;= uqo,aj, tl;=j

m%;sodkh ( f.úh hq;= uq¿ uqo,

l%uf,aL f.dvke.Su iòyd .eg¨jla úYaf,aIKh lr wdodk (input)" l%shdj,sh (process) iy m%;sodk (output) y`ÿkd .ekSu w;HjYH fõ' ^rEmh 4'1

n,kak'&

.eg¨j

wdodk - [.eg¨j úi`§ug wjYH oE] :- ^Wod - o;a;&

l%shdj,sh - [úi`ÿï lrd t<fUk wdldrh]

m%;sodk - [.eg¨jg wod< úi`ÿï] :- ^Wod - f;dr;=re&

ú

Ya

f,a

I

K

h

rEmh 4'1 - .eg¨j úYaf,aIKh

igyk - l%uf,aLh f.dvke.Su iòyd .eg¨j úYaf,aIKh l<

hq;= h'

.eg¨jla úYaf,aIKh lr wdodk" l%shdj,sh iy m%;sodk y`ÿkd .ksuq'

WodyrK 1

.eg¨j ( merKs cd;sl ye`ÿkqïm;a wxlh § we;s úg mqoa.,hd Wmka

j¾Ih fidhd .ekSu987654321V wdodkh ( cd;sl ye`ÿkqïm;a wxlh

l%shdj,sh ( cd;sl ye`ÿkqïm;a wxlfha uq,a b,lalï 02 fjka lr .ekSu

m%;sodkh ( Wmka j¾Ih

WodyrK 2 Rs xx

rEmh 4'2 - mEka

.eg¨j ( mEka 5la ñ, § .ekSug f.úh hq;=

uqo, fiùu wdodkh ( mEkl ñ,

l%shdj,sh (

f.úh hq;= uqo, .Kkh lsÍu

^f.úh hq;= uqo, = mEkl ñ, × 5) m%;sodkh ( f.úh hq;= uqo,

41


md,k jHqy4'2

we,af.dß;u u.ska lsishï .eg¨jla

úi`§u i`oyd wkq.ukh l< hq;= mshjr ish,a,

wkqms<sfj<ska olajkq ,efí' we,af.dß;u

f.dv ke.Sug Ndú; lrk md,k jHqy (control structures) ;=kla we;s nj;a tajd wkql%uh (sequence)" f;aÍu (selection) yd mqk¾lrKh

(repetition) f,i y`ÿkajkq ,nk nj;a Tn 7 jk

fY%aKsfha § wOHhkh lr we;' ^7 fY%aKsfha 5 jk

mßÉfþoh n,kak'&

igyk - .e,Sï igykl wdodk yd m%;sodk fldgqjlska

o l%shdj,s fldgqjlska o olajkq ,efí'

4'2'1 wkql%uh

wkql%uh (sequence) hkq we,af.dß;uhl tlla miqmi tlla uq, isg w.

olajd mshjr jYfhka isÿùuhs'

by; fojk WodyrKh u.ska úYaf,aIKh l< .eg¨jg wod< wkql%uh

iys; .e,Sï igyk 1 yd Scratch l%uf,aLh 1 my; oelafõ'

wdrïNh

f.úh hq;= uqo, = mEkl ñ, × 5

mEkl ñ, we;=<;a lrkak

f.úh hq;= uqo,

ksudj

.e,Sï igyk 1 - mEka 5 l ñ, fiùu

Scratch l%uf,aLh 1 - mEkl ñ, § we;s úg mEka

5 l ñ, fiùu

mEkl ñ, price_per_pen hk úp,Hh u.ska o" f.úh hq;= uqo, payment hk úp,Hh u.ska o olajd we;'

md,k jHqy 3 ls'

1' wkql%uh (sequence)2' f;aÍu (selection)3' mqk¾lrKh (repetition)

42

4'2'2 f;aÍu

mqia;ld,hg hkak ?

l%Svdmsáh

hkak

wo jeis iys; ld,.=Khla mj;S o

f;aÍï (selection) md,k jHqyh u.ska

we,af.dß;uhl wvx.= m%ldY w;ßka f;dard.;a

m%ldYhla$m%ldY l%shd;aul ùu fyda l%shd;aul

fkdùu fyda ;SrKh lrk wjia:d olajkq ,efí'

l%shd;aul ùu fyda fkdùu fyda ;SrKh jkafka

ta yd iïnkaO fldkafoaishla ;Dma; ùu fyda

fkdùu fyda wkqj h'

ksoiqkla f,i l%Svd i`oyd fjka l<

ld,Éfþofha § j¾Id Èkhla kï mqia;ld,hg

hk f,i o, j¾Id Èkhla fkdjkafka kï

l%Svdmsáhg hk f,i o isiqkag Wmfoia ,nd fok wjia:dj i,luq'

.e,Sï igykaj, f;aÍï md,k jHqyh oelaùug ;SrK fldgqj (decision box) fhdod .efka ^rEmh 4'3 n,kak&' f;aÍug wod< fldkafoaish i;H jQ úg zzTõZZ

(Yes) ÈYdjg o" wi;H jQ úg zzke;ZZ (No) ÈYdjg o fhduq fõ' ;SrK .ekSu oelaùu

i`oyd 4'4 rEmh fhdod .; yels h'

wo jeis iys;

Èkhla o@

Tõ

ke;

Yes

No

rEmh 4'3 - f;aÍï md,k jHqyh rEmh 4'4 - wo jeis iys; Èkhla o keoao hkak ;SrKh ùu

WodyrK 1 by; wjia:dj .e,Sï igykl ±laùu

wdrïNh

ksudj

ke;

Tõ

wo jeis iys;

Èkhla o@

mqia;ld,hg hk f,i ±kaùu

ld,.=K ;;a;ajh oek.ekSu

l%Svdmsáh hk f,i ±kaùu

.e,Sï igyk 2 - ld,.=K ;;a;ajh wkqj l%Svdmsáh fyda mqia;ld,hg fyda hdu

43

WodyrK 2 kd.hska iy bKsux l%Svdj lrk úg ;SrK .ekSu

rEmh 4'5 - kd.hska iy bKsux

fm;

14

36

25

24

13

12

1

35

26

23

11

2

34

27

22

15

10

3

33

28

21

16

9

4

32

29

20

17

8

5

31

30

19

18

7

6

kd.hska iy bKssux hkq ;ks l%Svlhl=g fydA

lKavdhulg fyda ;r. l< yels ckm%sh l%Svdjls'

fuys wdrïNh (1) isg wjidkh (36) olajd fldgq

ixLHdjla we;' iEu bKsu.l u iy iEu kd.hl=f.a

u fofl<jr lsishï fldgq follg iïnkaO lr we;'

^rEmh 4'5 n,kak'&

odÿ legh Wv ouk iEu jdrhl § u ms<smeÈh hq;=

Wmfoia lsysmhls'

1' odÿ legfha by<g msysá uqyqKf;a we;s w.h n,d

.kak'

2' tu w.hg iudk fldgq .Kkla wkqms<sfj<ska bÈßhg

b;a;d f.k hkak'

3' b;a;d bKsu.l mduq, fldgqjg meñKsfha kï tys by<

fl<jr msysá fldgqj olajd b;a;d by<g f.k hkak'

4' b;a;d kd.hl=f.a ysi iys; fldgqjg meñKsfha kï

tu kd.hdf.a j,s.h ksujk fldgqj olajd b;a;d my<g f.k hkak'

fuu fldkafoais (conditions) Tiafia 36 jk fldgqjg b;a;d .sh úg ch ,efí'

odÿ legh fmrf<k tla jdrhla ;=< isÿ l< hq;= ld¾hhg wod< .e,Sï igyk

my; oelafõ' ^.e,Sï igyk 3 n,kak'&

.e,Sï igyk 3 - kd.hska iy bKsux l%Svdj

odÿ legh fmr<Su

ksudj

Tõ

Tõ

bKsu.l mduq, iys;

fldgqjg meñKsfha o@

kd.hl=f.a ysi iys;

fldgqjg meñKsfha o@

ke;

ke;

w.h ,nd .kak

w.hg iudk fldgq ixLHdjla olajd b;a;d bÈßhg f.k hk f,i oekaùu

bKsu. Èf.a tys

fl<jr fldgqjg

b;a;d f.k hk

f,i oekaùu

kd.hd Èf.a j,s.h

ksujk fldgqjg

b;a;d f.k hk

f,i oekaùu

wdrïNh

b;a;d odÿ legh

44

WodyrK 3 m%Yakhl ksjerÈ ms<s;=r iòyd ,l=Kq 10 la ,nd §fï wjia:dj

i,luq'

fuys § ,l=Kq msßkeóug fmr ms<s;=r jerÈ fyda ksjerÈ nj fyda ;SrKh l<

hq;= h' ms<s;=r ksjerÈ kï muKla ,l=Kq 10 la ,efí' jerÈ ms<s;=re iòyd ,l=Kq

ysñ fkdfõ' fujeks wjia:d iòyd f;aÍï md,k jHqy Ndú; fhdod .kakd wdldrh

úuid n,uq' ^.e,Sï igyk 4 n,kak'&

wdrïNh

ksudj

ke;

Tõ

ms<s;=r ksjerÈ o@

ms<s;=r ,nd .kak

,l=Kq 10la msßkukak

m%Yakh bÈßm;a lrkak

.e,Sï igyk 4 - jerÈ$ksjerÈ ms<s;=re iòyd ,l=Kq msß^fkd&keóu

WodyrK 4 iudk fkdjk ixLHd folla w;ßka úYd, ixLHdj fiùu

fuys § tlsfkl wiudk ixLHd folla wdodkh f,i ,nd .efka' tu

ixLHd fol ixikaokh lr m<uq w.h fojk w.hg jvd úYd, kï m<uq w.h

úYd, nj o" tfia fkdjk wjia:dj, fojk w.h úYd, nj o m%;sodkh fõ' ^.e,Sï

igyk 5 n,kak'&

wdrïNh

iudk fkdjk ixLHd folla (A, B) we;==<;a lrkak

A úYd, nj fmkajkak

ksudj

B úYd, nj fmkajkak

ke; Tõ A > B o?

.e,Sï igyk 5 - úYd, ixLHdj fiùu

45

l%shdldrlï iòyd jevfmdf;a 4'2 isg 4'3 olajd n,kak'

igyk - mqk¾lrKh (repetition) keue;s md,k jHqyh ms<snòj 9

jif¾ § wOHhkh lsÍug Tng yelshdj ,efnkq we;'

Scratch f;aÍï md,k jHqyh4'3

Scratch hkq l%uf,aLkh (programming) myiq lsÍu iòyd ks¾udKh lrk

,o ksoyia yd újD; m%Nj oDYH l%uf,aLk NdIdjls' fï u.ska l%Svd" ix.S;" iÔùlrK

(animation)" wka;¾ l%shdldÍ l;d (interactive stories) iy fjk;a ks¾udK isÿ l<

yels h' fï ms<snò uQ,sl oekqu 7 fY%aKsfha f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh

fmdf;ka ,nd .; yels h'

Scratch hk l%uf,aL f.dvke.Sfï § f;aÍï md,k jHqy uQ,sl wdldr

follska fhdod .; yels h'

1' IF... THEN Wmfoia ldKavh

2' IF... THEN... ELSE... Wmfoia ldKavh

j.=j 1 - f;aÍï md,k jHqyh

IF... THEN Wmfoia ldKavh (block) IF... THEN... ELSE... Wmfoia ldKavh (block)

fldkafoaish (condition) ia:dk.; l< hq;= ;ek

fldkafoaish i;H

jQ úg l%shd;aul

úh hq;= Wmfoia

ia:dk.; l< hq;=

;ek

fldkafoaish (condition) ia:dk.; l< hq;= ;ek

1' fldkafoaish i;H

jQ úg l%shd;aul

úh hq;= Wmfoia

ia:dk.; l< hq;=

;ek

2' fldkafoaish wi;H

jQ úg l%shd;aul

úh hq;= Wmfoia

ia:dk.; l< hq;=

;ek

fldkafoaish i;H jQ úg muKla

Wmfoia l%shd;aul flf¾'

fldkafoaish i;H jQ úg m<uq Wmfoia

ldKavh l%shd;aul flf¾'

fldkafoaish wi;H jQ úg fojk Wmfoia

ldKavh l%shd;aul flf¾'

46

iei`ÿï (Comparison) Wmfoia ldKav j¾.h

l%uf,aL ixj¾Okfha § w.hhka folla iei`§fuka miq ;SrK .ekSug

isÿjk wjia:d o mj;S' fuys § tla w.hla ;j;a w.hlg jvd l=vd o, úYd, o, iudk o wdÈ jYfhka iei`§fuka miq ;SrK .kq ,efí'

w.hhka folla iei`§fï § my; j.=fõ oelafjk Wmfoia ldKav Ndú;

flf¾' fïjd u.ska w.hhka iiòd i;H (true) fyda wi;H (false) f,i ms<s;=re

,nd foa'

j.=j 2 - iei`ÿï ldrl

Wmfoia ldKavh WodyrKh ms<s;=r

jïmi w.h ol=Kqmi w.hg

jvd l=vd o hkak ieifòa

i;H

wi;H


iudk o hkak ieifòa

i;H

wi;H


jvd úYd, o hkak ieifòa

i;H

wi;H


1

1

1

1

1 2

2

2 2

2

2

2

47

;d¾lsl (Logical blocks) m%ldY iys; Wmfoia ldKav j¾.h

iei`ÿï Wmfoia ldKav tlsfkl ;d¾lsl j iïnkaO lsÍug fuu Wmfoia

ldKav fhdod .kq ,efí' ;d¾lsl Wmfoia ldKav j¾. ;=kls'

1. and

2. or

3. not

j.=j 3 - ;d¾lsl ldrl

Wmfoia ldKavh WodyrKh ms<s;=r

jïmi yd ol=Kqmi m%ldY

fol u i;H fõ kï

muKla ms<s;=r i;H fõ'

i;H

wi;H

jïmi yd ol=Kqmi m%ldY

fol u fyda tlla fyda

i;H fõ kï ms<s;=r i;H

fõ'

i;H

wi;H

m%ldYh wi;H kï ms<s;=r

i;H fõ' m%ldYh i;H

kï ms<s;=r wi;H fõ'

i;H

wi;H


2

2 2

2 2

2 2 2

2

2 4

4

4

4 4

4 4

4 2 2

48

4'3'1 f;aÍï md,k ldKavh iys; Scratch l%uf,aL f.dvke.Su

WodyrK 1 remsh,a 5000 l fYaIhla we;s .sKqulska uqo,la wdmiq ,nd .;a miq .sKqï

fYaIh m%ldY lsÍu

.sKqfuka uqo,a ,nd .ekSfï § .sKqï fYaIh mÍlaId lr th b,a¨ï flfrk

uqo,g jvd jeä kï muKla uqo,a ,nd fokq ,efí' uqo,la ,nd .;a úg fYaIfhka

tu uqo, wvq lr f.jkq ,efí' ^.e,Sï igyk 6 iy Scratch l%uf,aLh 2 n,kak'&

wdrïNh

fYaIh } 5000

fYaIh } fYaIh - b,a¨ï flfrk uqo,

b,a¨ï flfrk uqo, we;=<;a lrkak

fYaIh fmkajkak

ksudj

fYaIh > b,a¨ï

flfrk uqo, o@

Tõ

ke;

.e,Sï igyk 6 - .sKqï fYAIh m%ldY lsÍu

Scratch l%uf,aLh 2 - .sKqï fYaIh m%ldY lsÍu

WodyrK 2 Ok ksÅ, ixLHdjla wdodkh l< úg th T;af;a o brÜfÜ o hkak

m%ldY lsÍu

1310

5

3

2

fYaIh

13 MOD 5 = 3

ixLHdjla ;j;a ixLHdjlska fn¥ úg b;sß jk w.h

fiùu i`oyd MOD kï jQ .Ks; ldrlh fhdod .efka'

WodyrKhla f,i 13 MOD 5 ys w.h 3 fõ' tkï 13, 5ka

fn¥ úg b;sß jk w.h 3 ls'

ta wkqj ixLHdjla 2ka fn¥ úg b;sß w.h 0 kï th

brÜfÜ w.hls' b;sß w.h 1 kï th T;af;a w.hls' ^.e,Sï

igyk 7 iy Scratch l%uf,aLh 3 n,kak'&

49

Scratch l%uf,aLh 3 - T;af;a brÜfÜ nj

m%ldY lsÍu

wdrïNh

b;sßh = ixLHdj MOD 2

ixLHdj wdodkh lrkak

brÜfÜ nj

fmkajkak

ksudj

b;sßh = 0 o@ ke;

Tõ

T;af;a nj

fmkajkak

.e,Sï igyk 7 - ixLHdj T;af;a o brÜfÜ o

hkak ;SrKh lsÍu

WodyrK 3 wkq,laIK m%udKh uqrmohla Yla;su;a fyda ÿ¾j, fyda nj ;SrKh

flfrk tla idOlhls' wkq,laIK m%udKh 8g wvqkï ÿ¾j,

uqrmohla nj o" wkq,laIK m%udKh 8la fyda Bg jeäkï fyda

Yla;su;a uqrmohla nj o fmkaùu' ^.e,Sï igyk 8 iy Scratch l%uf,aLh 4 n,kak'&

.e,Sï igyk 8 - Yla;su;a fyda ÿ¾j, fyda uqrmohla nj fmkaùu

Scratch l%uf,aLh 4 - Yla;su;a fyda ÿ¾j,

fyda uqrmohla nj

fmkaùu

wdrïNh

uqr moh ,nd .kak

uqrmoh ÿ¾j,

nj fmkajkak

ksudj

X < 8 o @ke;

Tõ

uqrmoh

Yla;su;a nj

fmkajkak

wkq,laIK .Kk (X) .Kkh lrkak

50

kd.hska iy bKsux l%Svdjg wod< Scratch jevigyk my; oelafõ' ^Scratch l%uf,aLh 5 n,kak'&

1234567

89

Scratch l%uf,aLh 5 - kd.hska yd bKsux l%Svdj

jevigyk ú.%y lsÍu

1' jevigyk l%shd;aul lsÍug u; la,sla lsÍu

2' uq,ska u zzodÿlegh Wv oukakZZ hk m%ldYh lsÍu

3' by<g msysá uqyqKf;a zzw.h lSh oZZ hkak weiSu yd thg ms<s;=r ,nd .ekSu

4' w.h kï úp,Hhg wxl 3 hgf;a ,nd ÿka ms<s;=r mejÍu

5' w.h u.ska oelafjk fldgq ixLHdjlska b;a;d bÈßhg f.k hk f,i ;;amr

4 l ld,hla m%ldY lsÍu

6' zzbKsu.l mduq, iys; fldgqjg meñKsfha o@ZZ hkak m%Yak lsÍu yd thg zzTõZZ

fyda zzke;ZZ fyda f,i ms<s;=re ,nd .ekSu

7' ms<s;=r zzTõZZ kï zzbKsu`. Èf.a tys fl<jr fldgqjg b;a;d f.k hkakZZ f,i

m%ldY lr wjika lsÍu

8' zzkd.hdf.a ysi iys; fldgqjg meñKsfha o@ZZ hkak m%Yak lsÍu yd thg zzTõZZ

fyda zzke;ZZ fyda f,i ms<s;=re ,nd .ekSu

9' ms<s;=r zzTõZZ kï zzkd.hd Èf.a j,s.h ksujk fldgqjg b;a;d f.k hkak

f,i m%ldY lr wjika lsÍu

,kak l%shdldrlï i`oyd 4'6" 4'7" 4'8 iy 4'9 i`oyd jevfmd;

n,kAk'

51

4'3'2 cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx. iòyd fhÿï

cx.u iy iqyqre Wmdx.

.eg¨ úiòd .ekSu iòyd ixj¾Okh lrk ,o úúO fhÿï" cx.u yd

iqyqre Wmdx.j, (Smart devices) Ndú; fõ' tu fhojqï Ndú;fhka ksjerÈj yd

ld¾hlaIuj .eg¨ úiòd .ekSug yelshdjla mj;S' kQ;k iudch úiska Ndú; lrkq

,nk cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx. lsysmhla my; olajd we;' tla tla iqyqre Wmdx.

iqúfYaIS j ksmojd we;s w;r wjYH;dj wkqj tajd mßYS,kh l< yels fõ' ^rEmh

4'6 n,kak&

fødAk leurdj

(Drona camara)Wl=¿ mß.Klh

(Laptop)

iqyqre rEmjdysksh

(Smart TV)iqyqre leurdj

(Smart camera)

iqyqre Trf,daiqj (Smart watch)

iqyqre ÿrl:kh

(Smart phone)iqyqre wõ lKaKdäh

(Smart sunglasses)

geí,Ü

(Tablet)

cx.u yd iqyqre

Wmdx.

rEmh 4'6 - cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx. iòyd WodyrK

by; olajd we;s Wml%u w;ßka geí,Ü iy Wl=¿ mß.Kl idudkH ld¾hhka

iòyd fhdod .kq ,efí' wfkl=;a Wml%u iqúfYaIS ld¾hhka iòyd ksmojd we;'

tneúka iqyqre Wml%uhla f;dard .ekSfï § ;u wjYH;djg .e<fma o hkak fidhd

ne,sh hq;= h'

52

j.=j 4 - iqyqre Wmdx. yd fhÿï

iqyqre Wml%uh fhdod .; yels ld¾hhka i`oyd WodyrK

Wl=¿ mß.Klh cx.uj Ndú; l< yels idudkH mß.Kl fhÿï

Ndú;h

geí,Ü mß.Klh wka;¾cd, m%fõYh; PdhdrEm ,nd .ekSu

iqyqre ÿrl:kh ÿrl:k ixjdo meje;aùu; SMS yd MMS heùu; PdhdrEm ,nd .ekSu; Yío yd ùäfhda o¾Yk má.;

lsÍu; wka;¾cd, m%fõYh yd úoHq;a ;eme,a mKsúv

yqjudrej

iqyqre rEmjdysksh rEmjdyskS jevigyka l<ukdlrKh yd má.;

lsÍu; úoHq;a ;eme,a mKsúv heùu; wka;¾cd,hg

m%fõYùu

iqyqre leurdj PdhdrEm ,nd .ekSu; Yío yd ùäfhda o¾Yk má.;

lsÍu yd tajd fjk;a iqyqre Wmdx. fj; fhduq lsÍu

iqyqre w;a Trf,daiqj flá mKsúv heùu; iSkqj ;eîu; wka;¾cd, m%fõYh

iqyqre lKaKdäh ;%sudk o¾Yk keröu; Yío weiSu; PdhdrEm ,nd

.ekSu; ùäfhda o¾Yk má.; lsÍu

Drona leurdj ÿria:j md,kh flfrk" .=jka.; lr ksYap,

PdhdrEm fyda ùäfhda o¾Yk ,nd .ekSu

cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx.j, fhÿï

cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx. i`oyd ks¾udKh l< fhÿï uDÿldx. w;súYd,

m%udKhla wka;¾cd,hg uqod yer we;' wjYH fhÿï uDÿldx. w;ßka iuyrla

fkdñf,aa wka;¾cd,fhka nd.; lr .; yels w;r iuyr fhÿï uDÿldx. uqo,a

f.jd ,nd .; yels fõ' tfia ,nd .;A fhÿï uDÿldx. iqyqre Wmdx.j, ia:dmkh

(install) lsÍfuka miq Ndú; l< yels h' tfia ,nd .; yels fhÿï uDÿldx.

lsysmhla my; oelafõ' ^rEmh 4'7 n,kak&

53

wyia is;shu

(Sky map)

y`v frfldavrh

(Voice recorder)

NdId mßj¾;lh

(Translator)

QR fla; lshjkh

(QR Code Reader)

ud,sudj

(Compass)

ud¾. is;shu

(Road map)

Yío fldaIh

(Dictionary)

English isxy,

jkpo;

Dictionary fpia l%Svdj

(Chess game)

cx.u yd iqyqre

Wmdx.j,

fhÿï

rEmh 4'7 - cx.u yd iqyqre Wmdx.j, fhÿï iòyd WodyrK

j.=j 5 - iqyqre Wmdx. iy tajdfha m%fhdack

iqyqre Wmdx. ,nd .; yels m%fhdack iòyd WodyrK

ud,sudj ´kE u ia:dkhl isg ÈYdj fidhd .ekSu

ud¾. is;shu GPS Ndú;fhka u`. fmkaùu ûd¾. fidhd .ekSu& yd ia:dk

folla w;r ÿr m%udKh fiùu" ud¾. ;onoh we;s ia:dk y`ÿkd

.ekSu

wyia is;shu wod< fhÿï uDÿldx.h ia:dmkh l< iqyqre Wmdx.h wyfia Èiajk

;drldjlg fyda .%y jia;=jlg kdNs.; lr tys msysàu" ku yd

wfkl=;a úia;r ,nd .ekSu

lsõ wd¾ fla;

lshjkh

lsõ wd¾ fla;h ialEka lr f;dr;=re ,nd .ekSu

NdId mßj¾;lh tla NdIdjlska olajk mdG fjk;a NdIdjlg mßj¾;kh lsÍu

fpia l%Svdj mß.Klh tla md¾Yajhla f,i f.k fpia l%Svdfõ kshe,Su

isxy, Yío

fldaIh

bx.%Sis jpkhlg wod< isxy, jpk ,nd .ekSu

y`v frfldavrh y`v má.; lsÍu yd jdokh lsÍu

54


² .eg¨jla úYaf,aIKh lr wdodk" l%shdj,sh yd m%;sodk ,nd .ekSug l%uf,aL

ks¾udKh flf¾' idudkHfhka uq,ska we,af.dß;uhla ,shd bkamiq thg

wod< l%uf,aLh ,shkq ,efí'

² l%uf,aLj, Ndú; jk md,k jHqy ;=kls;1' wkql%uh (sequence)2' f;aÍu (selection)3' mqk¾lrKh (repetition)

² wkql%uh hkq we,af.dß;ufha we;s ish¨ u mshjr wkqms<sfj<ska wdrïNfha

isg wjidkh olajd l%shd;aul ùuhs'

² f;aÍu hkq fldkafoaishla ;Dma; ùu fyda fkdùu fyda wkqj l%shd;aul l<

hq;= mshjr f;dard .ekSu fõ' Scratch j, § f;aÍu i`oyd if then yd if then else md,k ldKav fhdod .efka'

² Scratch ys iei`ÿï Wmfoia ldKav j¾. ;=kls'

² Scratch ys ;d¾lsl Wmfoia ldKav j¾. ;=kls'

² mqk¾lrKh bÈß mdvul § wOHhkh l< yels h'

idrdxYh

55


² uQ,sl ;d¾lsl oajdr y`ÿkd .ekSu

² oajdrhkaf.a l%shdldÍ;ajh uDÿldx. u.ska y`ÿkd .ekSu

² oajdr ixfhdackh lr ir, mßm: ks¾udKh

² oajdr m%dfhda.slj fhdod f.k tys l%shdldÍ;ajh fmkajd §u


uQ,sl ;d¾lsl oajdr 5'1

uQ,sl ;d¾lsl oajdr 3ls' tajd AND, OR iy NOT f,i ye`Èkafõ'

AND oajdrh

AND oajdrfha l%shdldÍ;ajh y`ÿkd .ekSu iòyd my; oelafjk iudldrh

(analogy) i,ld n,uq' ksjil c,h ròjd ;nd.kakd gexlshl c,h wmf;a fkdhk

wdldrhg th c,fhka msrùug wod< rEmigykla my; olajd we;s w;r" thg

jE,aj folla iú lr we;' ^rEmh 5'1 n,kak'&

A jE,ajh

B jE,ajh

m%Odk c, iemhqu

rEmh 5'1 - AND oajdrh iòyd iudldrhla

fN!;sl wd.Kkh iòyd uDÿldx. Ndú;h 5

56

fuys m%Odk c, iemhqfï c,h <`.d jk wjia:dfõ § A jE,ajh yd B jE,ajh újD; fyda újD; ke;s wjia:d i,ld neÆ úg c, gexlshg c,h ,efí o

fkd,efí o hkak my; j.=j 5'1 ys igyka lr we;'

j.=j 5'1 - A yd B jE,aj u.ska c,h ,efnk wdldr

A jE,ajh B jE,ajh gexlshg c,h

újD; ke; újD; ke; fkd,efí

újD; ke; újD; fkd,efí

újD; újD; ke; fkd,efí

újD; újD; ,efí

fuys újD; hkak 1 f,i;a újD; ke; hkak 0 f,i;a fuka u, ,efí

hkak 1 f,i;a fkd,efí hkak 0 f,i;a wdfoaY lr by; j.=j iïmQ¾K l< úg

,efnk 5'2 j.=j n,kak'

j.=j 5'2 - c,h ,efnk wdldrh 0 iy 1 u.ska wdo¾Ykh

A jE,ajh B jE,ajh gexlshg c,h

0 0 00 1 01 0 01 1 1

by; c, iemhqu i`oyd fhdod .kakd jE,aj u.ska c,h .uka lsÍug bv

i,ikjdo keoao hkak ;SrKh jkakd fiau AND oajdrhl úoHq;a ix{djla mj;So

fkdmj;So hkak olajkq ,efí' ix{djla mj;sk nj 1 u.ska o fkdmj;sk nj 0

u.ska o olajhs'

AND oajdrfha iïu; ixfla;h

AB

A.B

A, B wdodk jQ úg

oajdrhl wdodk bx.%Sis lemsg,a wl=rej,ska olajhs' A iy B wdodk f,i we;s AND oajdrfha m%;sodkh A.B f,i olajhs'

AND oajdrfha l%shdldÍ;ajh oelaùu i`oyd my; oelafjk i;H;d j.=j

fhdod .efka'

57

wdodk m%;sodkh

A B A.B0 0 00 1 01 0 01 1 1

AND oajdrhl m%;sodkh 1 ùu iòyd wdodk folu 1 úh hq;= h'

OR oajdrh

OR oajdrfhys l%shdldÍ;ajh wjfndaO lr.ekSu iòyd my; iudldrh i,ld

n,uq' ksjilg wLKav c, iemhqula ,nd .ekSu iòyd m%Odk c, iemhqug wu;rj

c, gexlshla o my; rEmfha oelafjk wdldrhg iïnkaO lr we;' fuys A, B hk

jE,aj folla iïnkaO lr we;' ^rEmh 5'2 n,kak'&

A jE,ajhm%Odk c,

iemhqu

B jE,ajh

rEmh 5'2 - OR oajdrh iòyd iudldrhla

fuys m%Odk c, iemhqfï c,h <`.d jk wjia:dfjys §, A jE,ajh yd B jE,ajh újD; yd újD; ke;s wjia:d i,ld neÆ úg ksjig c,h ,efí o, fkd,efí

o hkak my; j.=fjys igyka lr we;'

58

A jE,ajh B jE,ajh ksjig c,h

újD; ke; újD; ke; fkd,efí

újD; ke; újD; ,efí

újD; újD; ke; ,efí

újD; újD; ,efí

fuys § o újD; hkAk 1 f,i;a újD; ke; hkak 0 f,i;a fuka u, ,efí

hkak 1 f,i;a fkd,efí hkak 0 f,i;a wdfoaY lr by; j.=j iïmQ¾K l< úg;

A jE,ajh B jE,ajh ksjig c,h

0 0 00 1 11 0 11 1 1

by; c, iemhqu i`oyd fhdod .kakd jE,aj u.ska c,h .uka lsÍug bv

i,ikjdo keoao hkak ;SrKh jkakd fiau OR oajdrhl úoHq;a ix{djla mj;S o

fkdmj;S o hkak olajkq ,efí' ix{djla mj;sk nj 1 u.ska o fkdmj;sk nj 0

u.ska o olajhs'

OR oajdrfha iïu; ixfla;h

A

BA + B

A, B wdodk jQ úg

by; rEmigyfka olajd we;af;a úoHq;a mßm:j, olakg ,efnk OR ;d¾lsl oajdrh (OR Gate) jk w;r" tys A, B wdodk (Input) jk w;r A + B

m%;sodk (Output) fõ' OR oajdrhg wod< i;H;d j.=j my; oelafõ'

A B A + B0 0 00 1 11 0 11 1 1

wju jYfhka tla wdodkhla fyda 1 jk úg OR oajdrfha m%;sodkh 1 fõ'

59

NOT oajdrh

NOT oajdrfhys l%shdldÍ;ajh wjfndaO lr.ekSu i`oyd my; iudldrh

i,ld n,uq' br t<sh ke.S tk úg iajhxl%Sh j ksù hk iy w`ÿr jeà f.k tk

úg iajhxl%Sh j oe,afjk ùÈ ,dïmq iys; ùÈhl rEmhla 5'3 ys oelafõ'

rEmh 5'3 - iajhxl%Sh ùÈ ,dïmq oe,aùu

br t<sh úÿ,s ,dïmqj

we; fkdoe,afõ

ke; oe,afõ

fuys wdf,dalh we; hkak 1 f,i;a wdf,dalh ke; hkak 0 f,i;a .;a

l, úÿ,s myk fkdoe,aùu 0 f,i;a oe,aùu 1 f,i;a oelaúh yel'

br t<sh úÿ,s ,dïmqj

1 00 1

NOT oajdrhl m%;sodkh tys wdodkhg m%;súreoaO l%shdj olajhs'

wdodkh m%;sodkh

wdf,dalh ,eîu n,anh ksùu

wdf,dalh fkd,eîu n,anh oe,aùu

60

NOT oajdrfha ixfla;h my; mßÈ fõ'

A A

A wdodkh jQ úg NOT oajdrfha iïu; ixfla;h

by; rEmigyfka olajd we;af;a úoHq;a mßm:j, olakg ,efnk NOT ;d¾lsl oajdrh (NOT Gate) jk w;r" tys A wdodk (input) jk w;r A m%;sodk

(output) fõ' tys i;H;d j.=j my; oelafõ'

A A

1 00 1

fuys 1 u.ska tla fjda,aàh;djla o 0 u.ska fjk;a fjda,aàh;djhla o ksrEmKh

flf¾'

;d¾lsl oajdr ixfhdackfhka mßm: ilia lsÍu

Wod 1 - my; mßm:hg wdodkh 1 fyda 0 ,nd fok wjia:dj, § m%;sodkh ,nd

.ekSu

0 11

wdodkh 1 úg

1 00

wdodkh 0 úg

Wod 2 - my; mßm:hg ,nd § we;s wdodkj,g wod< m%;sodk ,nd .ekSu

11

0

0

OR Gate tflys §" wdodk tlg tl;= ùfuka m%;sodkh ,efnhs' (1 + 0 = 1)

61

l%shdldrlï iòyd jevfmdf;a 5'1" 5'2" 5'3" 5'4 iy 5'5 n,kak'

igyk - ;¾lk oajdr (Logic gates)

1' mß.Klj, uOH ieliqï tallfha (CPU) iy wfkl=;a fndfyda

wx.j, uQ,sl f.dvke.Sï tallh ;¾lk oajdr (Logic gates) fõ'

úfYaIfhka uOH ieliqï tallfha l%shdldÍ;ajh uQ,slj u isÿjkafka

;¾lk oajdrj, Wmldrfhks'

2' j¾;udk f,dalfha fndfyda f,i Ndú; jk wxls; mß.Klj,

(digital computers) wxls; ix{d (digital) Ndú; fõ' wxls; ix{dj,

úfYaIh kï" ´kE u fõ,djl tys w.h" hïlsis ksYaÑ; w.hhka

l=,lhlska îdudkHfhka w.hhka follska& tlla ùuhs' ^rEmh 1&

rEmh 1 - ixLHdxl ix{djla

3' wxls; ;¾lk mßm:hla wxls; wdodk ,ndf.k wxls; m%;sodk foa'

wxls; ;¾lk wdodk yd m%;sodk idudkHfhka oaúuh (binary) fõ'

tkï" tajdfha ;sìh yelafla w.hhka follska (0,1) tlla muKs'

4' oaúuh w.hhka oelaùu úê lsysmhlska l< yels h' 1 fyda 0 fh§u

fndfyda m%p,s; l%uhhs' tfia u tajd TRUE/ FALSE f,iska o" HIGH/LOW f,iska o we;eï úg bÈßm;a flf¾' mß.Kl oDVdx. uÜgfï

§ tajd i;H fjda,aàh;d w.hhka u.ska o (5V fyda 0V) oelaúh yel'

^j.=j 2&

j.=j 2 - oaúuh w.hhka bÈßm;a lsÍfï úê

1 0HIGH LOWTrue False

5 V ^fjda,AÜ& 0 V

5' ;u o;a; ieliSfï lghq;= iòyd mß.Klh AND, OR yd NOT hk

uQ,sl ;¾lk oajdr Wmfhda.S lr .kshs' by; oajdr 1 fyda 0 wdodk

,ndf.k" 1 fyda 0 m%;sodk foa'

62

uQ,sl ;d¾lsl oajdr

1. AND2. OR3. NOT

² fuu oajdrhkag wdodk ,nd Èh hq;= w;r" túg thg wod< m%;sodkh ,nd .;

yel'

² AND oajdrfha l%shdldÍ;ajh

AB

A.B

² OR oajdrfha l%shdldÍ;ajh

A

BA + B

² NOT oajdrfha l%shdldÍ;ajh

A A

idrdxYh

63


² fijqï hka;%

² wka;¾cd,h Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re .fõIKh

² fjí msgq ks¾udKh lsÍu

² fjí wvú ixj¾Okh lsÍu


fijqï hka;%6'1

wka;¾cd,hg msúfik Tng wjYH oE ^f;dr;=re" mska;+r" ùäfhda wdÈh&

fidhd .ekSu i`oyd fijqï hka;% Ndú; l< yels h ^rEmh 6'1 n,kak&'

m%Odk fijqï hka;% lsysmhla

rEmh 6'1 - m%Odk fijqï hka;% lsysmhla

wka;¾cd,fha ießiruq6

64

wka;¾cd,h Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re .fõIKh

wka;¾cd, Ndú;fhka f;dr;=re .fõIKfha § fkdfhl=;a l%u Ndú; fõ'

bka lsysmhla fufia oelaúh yels h'

fijqï hka;%

fjí wvú fidhd .ekSu i`oyd fijqï hka;%

fhdod .efka' uq, moh (keyword) fiùu

(search) ;Srfha h;=re ,shkh lsÍfuka ta yd

iïnkaê; fjí wvú ,ehsia;= .; fõ'

újD; lrk ,o fjí msgq b;sydih (History)

wka;¾cd, fijqï hka;% uE; ld,fha § újD;

lrk ,o fjí ,smsk .nvd lr .kS'

wka;¾cd, b;sydih Ndú;fhka uE; ld,fha

§ újD; lrk ,o fjí wvú újD; lr .;

yels h'

fmd;a i,l=K Bookmark/ m%sh;u fjí wvú Favourite

fndfyda úg Ndú; jk fjí wvú fmd;a

i,l=K/m%sh;u u; la,sla lsÍfuka ;ekam;a

lr .; yels h'

fufia ;ekam;a lrk ,o fjí wvú ,ehsia;=jla

f,i o¾Ykh fõ' tu.ska wjYH jk fjí

wvúh f;dard .; yels h'

New tab Ctrl + T

Ctrl + N

Ctrl + Shift +N

New window

New incognito window

Always show bookmarks bar

Full screen

History

Bookmark manager

Downloads

Extensions

F11

Ctrl+B

Ctrl+H Ctrl+Shift + B

Ctrl+ J

65

wêikaOdk Hyperlinks

újD; jQ fjí msgqjl we;s wêikaOdk u.ska

tu fjí msgqfõ u fjk;a ia:dkhla yd

iïnkaOùug fyda fjkiaa u fjí msgqjla yd

iïnkaO ùug fyda yels h'

wêikaOdkhla (hyperlink) iys; jdlHhla

fyda jpkhlA háka brla we`o mdg fhdod we;'

uQislh ta u;g f.khdfï § w;l i,l=Kla

Èiafõ'

bÈßhg" msgqmig Forward Backward

fjí msgq w;r .fõIKh lsÍfï § fmr §

o¾Ykh jQ fjí msgqjg wdmiq hdu;a kej;

bÈßhg hdu;a fuu fnd;a;ï u.ska l< yels

h'

fjí msgqfõ by< jï fl<jfrys fïjd oelsh

yels h' msgqmig bÈßhg

má;s Tabs

tla fijqï hka;% ljq¿jla ;=<g wjYH jk fjí msgq /ila tl;= lr .; yels

h' fïjd má;s (tabs) kï fõ'

fufia má;s wdldrhg fjí msgq újD; lr .ekSfuka fjí msgq w;r udreùu

myiq fõ'


I am not a hyperlink.

66

fjí msgqjla ks¾udKh lruq6'2

ks¾udKhg fmr ie,ls,a,g .; hq;= lreKq lsysmhls

1

² wjYH;dj l=ula o@

² Ndú; lrkafkda ljryq o@

2

² ieliqu iy jHqyh Ndú;hg myiqùu

(Layout and structure)

3

² ie,eiau iy fudaia;rh (design) ² fhdod .kq ,nk j¾K" wl=re iy wl=rej,

m%udKh

² wvx.= f;dr;=re lshùug myiqùu iy

meyeÈ,s nj

4

³ ux fijqï (navigation) ² Ndú; lrkakka fjí msgqfjys ießirkafka

flfia o@

² fjk;a fjí msgq iu. iïnkaOùug fhdod

.efkk ux fijqï (navigation)

5

³ Ñ;%l Ndú;h

² Ndú; lrkakkag .e<mSu

² wka;¾.;hg .e<mSu

² wju Ndú;h

67

fjí msgq ks¾udKh lsÍu iòyd wjYH jk m%Odk wx.

fuj,u - Tool

fjí msgq ks¾udKh iòyd Ndú; lrkq

,nk jev;,h (platform) fuj,u

f,iska ye`Èkafõ' fuj,ï rdYshla we;s

w;r bka lsysmhla fuys oelafõ'

uDÿldx.h - Software

HTML fuj,u Ndú;fhka fjí

msgq ks¾udKh iòyd fhdod .; yels

uDÿldx. lsysmhla

Notepad, NetBeans, Microsoft Visual Studio Community, Word Press, Bluefish, Eclipse

Wiq,k - Tags/Elements

² fjí msgq ks¾udKfha § Wiq,k Ndú; lrkq ,nhs'

² Wiq,khla iòyd < > i,l=Kq fhdokq ,efí'

² fhdod .efkk fuj,ug wkqj Wiq,k fjkia jkafka h'

² fndfyda Wiq,khkag wdrïNhla fuka u wjidkhla o we;'

68

HTML fuj,u Ndú;fhka fjí msgq ks¾udKfha § fhdod .kq ,nk Wiq,k

lsysmhla iy tajdfhys ld¾hhka

fjí msgqj ks¾udKh iòyd HTML fuj,u Ndú;h

igyka lsÍu <html>…</html>

fjí msgq kduh fh§u iòyd iSudj<head>…</head>

fjí msgqfjys kduh ^msgqj ;=< wka;¾.; fkdfõ'&<title>…</title>

fjí msgqfjys wka;¾.;h fh§u iòyd iSudj <body>…</body>

ud;Dld fh§u iòyd <h>...</h>

;o meye .ekaùu…

we, lsÍu …

msgqfjys ;sriaj uOHhkh lsÍu<centre>…</center>

nq,Ü i,l=Kq iys; ,ehsia;= wdrïN lsÍu <ul>…</ul>

wxl iys; ,ehsia;= wdrïN lsÍu <ol>…</ol>

nq,Ü$wxl iys;j ,ehsia;= fh§ug <li>…</li>

jdlHhl wjidkh fmkaùu 

fþohla wdrïN lsÍu 

mska;+rhla we;=<;a lsÍu<img src=”….”>

wê ikaOdkhla hyperlink we;s lsÍu <a herf=”…”>…</a>

69

Wonderful Benefits of Banana

Adding a banana to your daily diet has an array of benefits in your body.

Bananas help,

1. loss of weight2. keep your bowels healthy3. provide nutrients that regulate heart rhythm 4. have vitamin compounds for eye health.

Bananas provide a variety of vitamins and minerals:

• Vitamin B6 - 0.5 mg.• Manganese - 0.3 mg.• Vitamin C - 9 mg.• Potassium - 450 mg.• Dietary Fibre - 3g.• Protein - 1 g.• Magnesium - 34 mg.

More about bananas

<h>...</h>

…



<ol>…</ol>

<ul>…</ul

<a herf=”…”>…</a>

{

{

<img src=”….”>

 

…

<title>…</title>

l%shdldrlï i`oyd jevfmdf;a 6'2" 6'3" 6'4" 6'5" 6'6 iy 6'7 n,kak'

70

² wka;¾cd,h Ndú;fhka f;dr;=re .fõIKh iòyd fijqï hka;% fhdod .kq

,nhs'

² Google, Yahoo, bing, Ask, msn wdÈh tjeks fijqï hka;% lsysmhls'

² wka;¾cd, b;sydih" fmd;a i,l=K wdÈh o f;dr;=re .fõIKh iòyd

WmldÍ fõ'

² wêikaOdk" bÈßhg wdmiaig" má;s wdÈh fjí msgq w;r .uka lsÍu iòyd

Ndú; fõ'

² fjí msgqjla ks¾udKfha § tys wjYH;dj" Ndú; lrkakka" tys ieliqu iy

jHqyh fuka u Ndú; lrkq ,nk wx. ms<snòj o ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= h'

² fjí msgq ks¾udKfha § fhdod .kq ,nk fuj,ï" uDÿldx. iy Wiq,k fjí

msgq ks¾udKh lsÍu iòyd wjYH jk m%Odk wx. fõ'

idrdxYh

71 115

English-Sinhala-Tamil Glossary

No English Sinhala Tamil

1. abstract model වියුක්ත තවෘතිය fUj;jpay; khjpup

2. acceptance testing පරතිගරහණ පරීක්ෂොව Vw;Gr; Nrhjid

3. access privilege පරතේශීතේ වරපරසොදය mZfy; cupik

4. agile model සුචකය තවෘතිය RWRWg;G khjpup

5. alternate key විවක්ප යතුර khw;Wr; rhtp

6. American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)

තතොරතුරු හුවමොරුව සඳහො වූ තමපතවොනු සේමත තක්තය

jfty; ,ilkhw;Wf;fhd mnkupf;f epak tpjpf;Nfhit

7. amplitude විස්තොරය tPr;rk;

8. amplitude modulation විස්තොර මූරඡනොව tPr;rg; gz;Ngw;wk;

9. analog පරතිසම xg;Gik

10. anchor රැඳවුම epiy epWj;jp

11. application layer අනුපරතයෝග ස්ථරය gpuNahf mLf;F

12. architecture නිරියතය fl;likg;G

13. arithmetic and logical unit (ALU)

අාව ගණිත හො තොරකිව ඒවවය

vz;fzpj kw;Wk; ju;f;f myF

14. array අරොව mzp

15. artificial intelligence වෘතිම ෙුද්ධිය nraw;if Ez;zwpT

16. Affective computing ෙුද්ධිමත් සහ චිත්තතේග ීපපතගණනය

Ez;zwpT czu;jpwd;kpf;f fzpj;jy;

17. associative law සාඝ්‍ටන නයොය $l;L tpjp

18. attenuation වැහැරීම/හොයනය neha;ik

19. attribute උපකැකිය /ගුණය/ උපකක්ෂණය gz;Gfs;

20. authoring tool සේපොදන තමවකම gilg;ghf;ff; fUtp

21. Automated Teller Machine (ATM)

ස්වයාවෘත මුදක් ගනුතදනු යන්තරය

jhdpaq;fpg; gzk; ifahs;;; ,ae;jpuk;

bx.%Sis)isxy,)fou< mdßNdIsl Yío ud,dj'

bx.%Sis isxy, fou<

72 116

22. autonomous ස්වයාපොකව/ ස්වතන්තර/ස්වොයත්ත

RahjPd

23. axiom ස්වසිද්ධිය/පරතයක්ෂය ntspg;gil cz;ik

24. backups උපස්ථ fhg;ngLj;jy;

25. bandwidth වකොප පළක/ෙඳස් පළක gl;il mfyk;

26. batch processing වොණ්ය සැවසුම njhFjp Kiwtopahf;fk;

27. big data මහො දත්ත ngupa juT

28. binary ද්විමය Jtpjk;> ,Ukk;

29. binary coded decimal (BCD)

ද්ීමය තක්තිව දශමය ,Ukf; FwpKiw jrkk;

30. bio-inspired computing දජව තපර්පතත පපතගණනය/ දජව අනුතපර්පතත පපතගණනය

capupay; cs;sPu;g;Gf; fzpg;G

31. bit coin බිටු වොසි Ez;fld; gzk; nrYj;jy;

32. bitwise බිටු අනුසොපතත gpl; thup

33. bitwise logical operation

බිටු අනුසොපතත තොරකිව තමතහයුේ

gpl; thup jHf;fr; nraw;ghL

34. black box testing වොක මාජුසො පරීක්ෂොව fWg;Gg;ngl;br; Nrhjpg;G

35. blogging තව සටහනය tiyg;gjptply;

36. boot–up පරතේශනය njhlq;Fjy;

37. broadcasting විවොශනය njhiygug;gy;

38. browsing අතපතක්සීම NkNyhly;

39. bubble sort ෙුෙුළු තත්රීම/ යො-සැසුනේ තත්රීම

Fkpop tifg;gLj;jy;

40. built-in තුළෙැඳි / තිළැක ි cl;nghjpe;j

41. business process re-engineering (BPR)

වයොපොර �යොවකිතය් පරති ඉාජිතන්රුවරණය

tzpf nray;Kiw kPs;fl;likg;G

42. candidate key නිරූපය යතුර gpujpepjpj;Jtr; rhtp

43. cardinality ගණනීයතොව vz;zsit

44. cathode ray tube (CRT) වැතතෝය කිරණ නකය fNjhl;Lf; fjpu; Foha;

73 117

45. central processing unit (CPU)

මධ්‍ය සැවසුේ ඒවවය kj;jpa nraw;ghl;L myF

46. characteristics ගති කක්ෂණ / ස්වකක්ෂණ rpwg;gpay;Gfs;

47. check box සකවුණු තවොටුව rupghu;g;Gg; ngl;b

48. client-server model තස්වො තයෝජව-තස්වො දොයව තවෘතිය

Nritg; gadu; khjpup

49. clock ස්පන්දවය fbfhuk;

50. cloud computing වකොවුළු පපතගණනය Nkff; fzpik

51. coaxial cable සමක්ෂව තක්ෙකය Xur;R tlk;

52. code editor තක්ත සාස්වොරව FwpKiw njhFg;gp

53. comment විවරණය tpsf;ff; Fwpg;G

54. commutative law නයොයතද්ශ නයොය gupkhw;W tpjp

55. compact disc සුසාහිත ඩිස්වය Xspapay; tl;L

56. compatibility ගැළපුම nghUe;Jif

57. compiler සේපොදවය njhFg;ghd;

58. component සාරචවය $W

59. composite key සායුක්ත යතුර $l;Lr; rhtp

60. constant නියතය khwpyp

61. content management system (CMS)

අන්තරගත වළමනොවරණ පද්ධ්‍තිය

cs;slf;f Kfhikj;Jt Kiwik

62. context switching සන්දරභ සුවිචනය re;ju;g;g epiykhw;wy;

63. contiguous allocation යොෙද විභොජනය mLj;jLj;jhd xJf;fPL

64. control structure පොකන වූහය fl;Lg;ghl;Lf; fl;likg;G

65. control unit (CU) පොකන ඒවවය fl;Lg;ghl;lyF

66. credit card ණයපත fldl;il

67. customization අභිරුචිවරණය jdpg;gadhf;fy;

68. data දත්ත juT

69. data and control bus දත්ත සහ පොකන පථ juTk; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; ghl;ilAk;

74 119

93. distributive law ��ටන න�ාය gq;fPl;L tpjp

94. document flow diagram

ෙල්ඛන ගැල�� සටහන Mtzg; gha;r;ry;

tiuglk;

95. domain වසම Ms;fsk;

96. domain name server (DNS)

වස� නාම ෙස්වාදායකය Ms;fsg; ngau;

Nritafk;

97. domain name system (DNS)

වස� නාම පද්ධත�ය

Ms;fsg; ngau;

Kiwik

98. dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)

ගත�ක ධාරක පාලන නියමාවල�ය khWk; tpUe;Njhk;gp

cs;sikT newpKiw

99. dynamic web page ගත�ක ෙව� ප�ට� ,af;Fepiy

tiyg;gf;fk;

100. e-commerce �ද�ත් වානි��ය kpd; tu;j;jfk;

101. economical feasibility ��ක �ක�තාව nghUshjhur;

rhj;jpag;ghL

102. elementary process description(EPD)

ම�ල�ක �යාවල� �ස්තරය mbg;gilr; nra;Kiw

tpgupg;G

103. e-market place ඉ-ෙවළඳ ෙපාළ ,yj;jpudpay; re;ij

,lk;

104. encryption ග�ප්ත ෙ�තනය kiwFwpahf;fk;

105. enterprise resource planning system (ERPS)

ව�වසාය ස�පත් සැලස�� පද්ධත�ය

epWtd %yts

jpl;lkply; Kiwik

106. entity භ�තා��ය/අභිභ�තත්වය/සත්තාව epiynghUs;

107. entity identifier භ�තා��/අභිභ�තත්වය හ�න්වනය

epiynghUs;;

milahsq;fhl;b

108. entity relationship(ER) diagram

භ�තා�� ස��න්ධතා �පසටහන

epiynghUs;

cwTKiw ml;ltiz

109. executable �යාත්මක කළ හැ� ,af;fj;jF

110. executive support system (ESS)

�ධායක සහාය පද්ධත�ය epiwNtw;W cjT

Kiwik

111. expert system �ෙ�්ෂඥ පද්ධත�ය epGzj;Jt Kiwik

118

70. database management system (DBMS)

දත්ත සමුදාය කළමනාකරණ පද්ධත�

juTj;js Kfhikj;Jt

Kiwik

71. data definition language ( DDL)

දත්ත නි�ව�න භාෂාව juT tiuaiw nkhop

72. data dictionary දත්ත ශ�දෙක�ෂය juT mfuhjp

73. data flow diagram දත්ත ගැල�� සටහන juT gha;r;ry; tiuglk;

74. data flow model (DFM)

දත්ත ගැල�� ආකෘත�ය juT gha;r;ry; khjpup

75. data link layer දත්ත සබැඳ� ස්ථරය juT ,izg;G mLf;F

76. data manipulating language ( DML)

දත්ත හැසු�� බස juT ifahsy; nkhop

77. data migration දත්ත ප�යටනය juT ngau;r;rp

78. debugging නිෙදාස් ��ම tO ePf;fy;

79. decision support system (DSS)

ත�රණ සහාය පද්ධත� jPu;khd cjT Kiwik

80. declarative ප�කාශාත්මක mwptpg;G

81. default values ෙපරනි� අගය ,ay;Gepiy kjpg;G

82. defragmentation ප�ත��නය Jzpf;if ePf;fy;

83. demodulation �මූ��නය gz;gpwf;fk;

84. device උපාංගය / උප�මය rhjdk;

85. device driver උපාංග ධාවක මෘ�කාංග rhjdr;; nrYj;jp

86. digital අං�ත ,yf;f Kiw

87. digital camera අං�ත කැමරාව ,yf;fKiwg; glf;fUtp

88. digital economy අං�ත ආ��කය ,yf;fKiwg;

nghUshjhuk;

89. digitizer සං��ාංකකය ,yf;fkhf;fp

90. direct implementation සෘ��ස්ථාපනය Neub mKyhf;fk;

91. disk formatting තැ�/�සක හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම tl;L tbtikg;G

92. distortion �කෘත�ය jpupG

75 119

93. distributive law ��ටන න�ාය gq;fPl;L tpjp

94. document flow diagram

ෙල්ඛන ගැල�� සටහන Mtzg; gha;r;ry;

tiuglk;

95. domain වසම Ms;fsk;

96. domain name server (DNS)

වස� නාම ෙස්වාදායකය Ms;fsg; ngau;

Nritafk;

97. domain name system (DNS)

වස� නාම පද්ධත�ය

Ms;fsg; ngau;

Kiwik

98. dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP)

ගත�ක ධාරක පාලන නියමාවල�ය khWk; tpUe;Njhk;gp

cs;sikT newpKiw

99. dynamic web page ගත�ක ෙව� ප�ට� ,af;Fepiy

tiyg;gf;fk;

100. e-commerce �ද�ත් වානි��ය kpd; tu;j;jfk;

101. economical feasibility ��ක �ක�තාව nghUshjhur;

rhj;jpag;ghL

102. elementary process description(EPD)

ම�ල�ක �යාවල� �ස්තරය mbg;gilr; nra;Kiw

tpgupg;G

103. e-market place ඉ-ෙවළඳ ෙපාළ ,yj;jpudpay; re;ij

,lk;

104. encryption ග�ප්ත ෙ�තනය kiwFwpahf;fk;

105. enterprise resource planning system (ERPS)

ව�වසාය ස�පත් සැලස�� පද්ධත�ය

epWtd %yts

jpl;lkply; Kiwik

106. entity භ�තා��ය/අභිභ�තත්වය/සත්තාව epiynghUs;

107. entity identifier භ�තා��/අභිභ�තත්වය හ�න්වනය

epiynghUs;;

milahsq;fhl;b

108. entity relationship(ER) diagram

භ�තා�� ස��න්ධතා �පසටහන

epiynghUs;

cwTKiw ml;ltiz

109. executable �යාත්මක කළ හැ� ,af;fj;jF

110. executive support system (ESS)

�ධායක සහාය පද්ධත�ය epiwNtw;W cjT

Kiwik

111. expert system �ෙ�්ෂඥ පද්ධත�ය epGzj;Jt Kiwik

118

70. database management system (DBMS)

දත්ත සමුදාය කළමනාකරණ පද්ධත�

juTj;js Kfhikj;Jt

Kiwik

71. data definition language ( DDL)

දත්ත නි�ව�න භාෂාව juT tiuaiw nkhop

72. data dictionary දත්ත ශ�දෙක�ෂය juT mfuhjp

73. data flow diagram දත්ත ගැල�� සටහන juT gha;r;ry; tiuglk;

74. data flow model (DFM)

දත්ත ගැල�� ආකෘත�ය juT gha;r;ry; khjpup

75. data link layer දත්ත සබැඳ� ස්ථරය juT ,izg;G mLf;F

76. data manipulating language ( DML)

දත්ත හැසු�� බස juT ifahsy; nkhop

77. data migration දත්ත ප�යටනය juT ngau;r;rp

78. debugging නිෙදාස් ��ම tO ePf;fy;

79. decision support system (DSS)

ත�රණ සහාය පද්ධත� jPu;khd cjT Kiwik

80. declarative ප�කාශාත්මක mwptpg;G

81. default values ෙපරනි� අගය ,ay;Gepiy kjpg;G

82. defragmentation ප�ත��නය Jzpf;if ePf;fy;

83. demodulation �මූ��නය gz;gpwf;fk;

84. device උපාංගය / උප�මය rhjdk;

85. device driver උපාංග ධාවක මෘ�කාංග rhjdr;; nrYj;jp

86. digital අං�ත ,yf;f Kiw

87. digital camera අං�ත කැමරාව ,yf;fKiwg; glf;fUtp

88. digital economy අං�ත ආ��කය ,yf;fKiwg;

nghUshjhuk;

89. digitizer සං��ාංකකය ,yf;fkhf;fp

90. direct implementation සෘ��ස්ථාපනය Neub mKyhf;fk;

91. disk formatting තැ�/�සක හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම tl;L tbtikg;G

92. distortion �කෘත�ය jpupG

76 121

135. full adder ප��ණාකලකය KOikf; $l;b

136. function ශ�තිය / කා�යය rhu;G

137. functional dependency කා�ය බද්ධ පරායත්තතාව nray; rhu;Gepiy

138. functional requirement කා�ය බද්ධ අවශ�තාව nray;gL Njit

139. quantum computing �ෙවාන්ට� ප�ගණනය nrhl;L fzpg;G

mbg;gil

140. gateway ෙදාරට� මඟ / වාසල් ද්වාරය /වාහල්ෙදාර

Eiothapy;

141. genetic algorithm සහජ ඇල්ෙගා�දමය kugZ topKiw

142. geographical information system(GIS)

භ�ෙග�ල�ය ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය /�හිතැන් ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය

Gtpapay; jfty;

Kiwik

143. graph plotter ප�ස්තාර ලක�ණ�කරණය gltiuap

144. graphic tablet �ත�කඵලකය tiutpay; tptukhf;fp

145. grid computing ජාලක ප�ගණනය Nfhl;Lr;rl;lff; fzpik

146. guided media නියමු මාධ� topgLj;jg;gl;l Clfk;

147. half adder අ�ධාකලකය miu $l;b

148. hand trace හස්තානුෙ��නය ifr; RtLfs;

149. hard disk දැ� තැ�ය / දෘඪ �ස්කය td;jl;L

150. hardware දෘඪාංග td;nghUs;

151. hexadecimal �� දශමය gjpdWkk;

152. hierarchical model ධූරාවල� ආකෘත�ය gbepiy khjpup

153. host සත්කාරකය tpUe;Njhk;gp

154. hub නාභිය Ftpad;

155. human operator �නිස්�යාක�ෙව� kdpj ,af;Fgtu;

156. hybrid approach ෙදමුහුන් ප�ෙ�ශය fyg;G mZfy;

157. hyperlink අ�ස�බන්ධකය kP ,izg;G

158. Integrated circuits ( IC) අනුකල�ත ප�ප� xUq;fpize;j Rw;W

159. icon නි�පකය rpW glk;

120

112. extended binary coded decimal interchange cod (EBCDIC)

�ස්තෘත ද්�මය ෙ�තක දශම ePbj;j Jtpj FwpKiw

jrk ,lkhw;wf; Fwp

113. extended entity relationship (ER) diagram

�ස්තෘත ��තා�ථ ස��න්ධතා �ප සටහන

tpupthf;fg;gl;l

epiynghUs;

cwTKiw ml;ltiz

114. feasibility study ශක�තා අධ�යනය rhj;jpag;ghL fw;if

115. feedback loop ප�ත�ෙප��ණ �පය gpd;D}l;ly; tisak;

116. fetch-execute cycle ආහරණ-�යාකරව�� ච�ය jUtpg;G epiwNtw;Wr;

Row;rp

117. fiber optic ප�කාශ තන්ත� ,io xspapay;

118. file ෙගානවු Nfhg;G

119. file hierarchy ෙගාන ුධරුාවල�ය Nfhg;G gbepiy

120. firewall ගිනි පව�ර jPr;Rtu;

121. normal form ප�ථම ප�මත අවස්ථාව ,ay;ghf;fy; tbtk;

122. fixed internal hard disk අචල අ��න්තර දෘඪ තැ� epiyahd cs;sf

td;jl;L

123. flash memory සැණ/ ��ක මතකය gspr;rPl;L epidtfk;

124. flash memory card සැණ/ ��ක මතක පත gsPr;rpl;L epidtf

ml;il

125. flat file system ඒක ෙගානු පද්ධත�ය rkjsf; Nfhg;G

Kiwik

126. flip-flop ප�ළ�-ෙපාළ vO-tpO

127. float ඉප�ල�ම/ඉප�ල�ම kpjit

128. floppy disk නම� තැ�ය nefpo; tl;L

129. flow chart ගැල�� සටහන gha;r;rw; Nfhl;Lg;glk;

130. folder ෙගානු �හ�ම Nfhg;Giw

131. foreign key ආගන්ත�ක යත�ර me;epar;rhtp

132. formatting හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම tbtikj;jy;

133. frame රාමවු rl;lfk;

134. frequency modulation ස��ාත මූ��නය mjpu;ntz; gz;Ngw;wy;

77 121

135. full adder ප��ණාකලකය KOikf; $l;b

136. function ශ�තිය / කා�යය rhu;G

137. functional dependency කා�ය බද්ධ පරායත්තතාව nray; rhu;Gepiy

138. functional requirement කා�ය බද්ධ අවශ�තාව nray;gL Njit

139. quantum computing �ෙවාන්ට� ප�ගණනය nrhl;L fzpg;G

mbg;gil

140. gateway ෙදාරට� මඟ / වාසල් ද්වාරය /වාහල්ෙදාර

Eiothapy;

141. genetic algorithm සහජ ඇල්ෙගා�දමය kugZ topKiw

142. geographical information system(GIS)

භ�ෙග�ල�ය ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය /�හිතැන් ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය

Gtpapay; jfty;

Kiwik

143. graph plotter ප�ස්තාර ලක�ණ�කරණය gltiuap

144. graphic tablet �ත�කඵලකය tiutpay; tptukhf;fp

145. grid computing ජාලක ප�ගණනය Nfhl;Lr;rl;lff; fzpik

146. guided media නියමු මාධ� topgLj;jg;gl;l Clfk;

147. half adder අ�ධාකලකය miu $l;b

148. hand trace හස්තානුෙ��නය ifr; RtLfs;

149. hard disk දැ� තැ�ය / දෘඪ �ස්කය td;jl;L

150. hardware දෘඪාංග td;nghUs;

151. hexadecimal �� දශමය gjpdWkk;

152. hierarchical model ධූරාවල� ආකෘත�ය gbepiy khjpup

153. host සත්කාරකය tpUe;Njhk;gp

154. hub නාභිය Ftpad;

155. human operator �නිස්�යාක�ෙව� kdpj ,af;Fgtu;

156. hybrid approach ෙදමුහුන් ප�ෙ�ශය fyg;G mZfy;

157. hyperlink අ�ස�බන්ධකය kP ,izg;G

158. Integrated circuits ( IC) අනුකල�ත ප�ප� xUq;fpize;j Rw;W

159. icon නි�පකය rpW glk;

120

112. extended binary coded decimal interchange cod (EBCDIC)

�ස්තෘත ද්�මය ෙ�තක දශම ePbj;j Jtpj FwpKiw

jrk ,lkhw;wf; Fwp

113. extended entity relationship (ER) diagram

�ස්තෘත ��තා�ථ ස��න්ධතා �ප සටහන

tpupthf;fg;gl;l

epiynghUs;

cwTKiw ml;ltiz

114. feasibility study ශක�තා අධ�යනය rhj;jpag;ghL fw;if

115. feedback loop ප�ත�ෙප��ණ �පය gpd;D}l;ly; tisak;

116. fetch-execute cycle ආහරණ-�යාකරව�� ච�ය jUtpg;G epiwNtw;Wr;

Row;rp

117. fiber optic ප�කාශ තන්ත� ,io xspapay;

118. file ෙගානවු Nfhg;G

119. file hierarchy ෙගාන ුධුරාවල�ය Nfhg;G gbepiy

120. firewall ගිනි පව�ර jPr;Rtu;

121. normal form ප�ථම ප�මත අවස්ථාව ,ay;ghf;fy; tbtk;

122. fixed internal hard disk අචල අ��න්තර දෘඪ තැ� epiyahd cs;sf

td;jl;L

123. flash memory සැණ/ ��ක මතකය gspr;rPl;L epidtfk;

124. flash memory card සැණ/ ��ක මතක පත gsPr;rpl;L epidtf

ml;il

125. flat file system ඒක ෙගානු පද්ධත�ය rkjsf; Nfhg;G

Kiwik

126. flip-flop ප�ළ�-ෙපාළ vO-tpO

127. float ඉප�ල�ම/ඉප�ල�ම kpjit

128. floppy disk නම� තැ�ය nefpo; tl;L

129. flow chart ගැල�� සටහන gha;r;rw; Nfhl;Lg;glk;

130. folder ෙගානු �හ�ම Nfhg;Giw

131. foreign key ආගන්ත�ක යත�ර me;epar;rhtp

132. formatting හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම tbtikj;jy;

133. frame රාමවු rl;lfk;

134. frequency modulation ස��ාත මූ��නය mjpu;ntz; gz;Ngw;wy;

78 123

182. least significant අඩුමෙවෙසසි rpWk kjpg;G

183. legend �ස්තර පාඨය Fwp tpsf;fk;

184. life cycle of data දත්ත �වන ��ය juT tho;f;if tl;lk;

185. light emitting diode(LED) display

ආෙල�ක �ෙම��ක ද�ෙය�ඩ සන්ද�ශකය

xspfhYk; ,Uthapj;

jpiu / xsp ckpOk;

,U Kidak;

186. linked allocation සබැඳ� ��ාජනය ,izg;G xJf;fPL

187. linker සන්ධාරකය ,izg;gp

188. liquid crystal display( LCD)

�වස්��ක සන්ද�ශකය jputg;gspq;Ff; fzpdpj;

jpiu

189. list ලැයිස්ත�ව gl;bay;

190. liveware �වා�� capu; nghUs;

191. local publishing ස්ථානීය ප�සිද්ධ ��ම cs;sf ntspaPL

192. local area network (LAN)

ස්ථානීය ප�ෙද්ශ ජාලය ,lj;Jup tiyaikg;G

193. logic gate තා��ක ද්වාරය ju;f;fg; gliy

194. Logical Data Modeling( LDM)

තා��ක දත්ත ආකෘත�කරණය ju;f;fj; juT

khjpupAUthf;fy;

195. logical data structure තා��ක දත්ත ව�හය ju;;f;fj; juTf;

fl;likg;G

196. logical design tools තා��ක සැලසු� ෙමවල� ju;f;f tbtikg;Gf;

fUtp

197. looping �පනය tisa tuy;

198. machine code යන්ත� ෙ�තය ,ae;jpuf; FwpaPL

199. machine-machine coexistence

යන්ත�-යන්ත� සහපැවැත්ම ,ae;jpu- ,ae;jpu

xUq;fpUj;jy;;

200. magnetic ink character reader( MICR)

��බ�ත ත�න්ත අනු ලක�ණ� �යවනය

fhe;j ik vOj;JU

thrpg;ghd;;

201. magnetic stripe reader ��බක ත�� යවනය fhe;jg;gl;b thrpg;ghd;

202. magnetic tape ��ක ප�ය fhe;j ehlh

203. malware අනශි්ඨ මා�කා�� jPk;;nghUs;

122

160. identity ස�වසාම� milahsk;

161. image �පය gbkk;

162. imperative �ධානාත්මක fl;lis

163. incremental ව�ධනාත්මක VWkhd> mjpfupg;G

164. indexed allocation අනු��ක ��ාජනය Rl;b xJf;fPL

165. information ෙතාරත�� jfty;

166. inkjet printer ත�න්ත �� මු�කය ikj;-jhiumr;Rg;nghwp

167. instant messaging ��නික ප�ව�� යැ�ම cldbr; nra;jpaply;

168. integrated development environment(IDE)

සෙම�ධානික

ස�ව�ධන ප�සරය

xUq;fpize;j tpUj;jp

R+oy;

169. integration test අනුකලන ප��ණය xUq;fpize;j Nrhjpg;G

170. intelligent and emotional computing

බුද්�මත් සහ �ත්තෙ��ී ප��ණනය

Ez;zwpTk;

czu;jpwDkpf;f

fzpj;jy;

171. interface අත�� මුහුණ ,ilKfk;

172. internet service provider( ISP)

අන්ත�ජාල ෙස්වය සපයන්නා ,izar; Nrit

toq;Fdu;

173. interpreter අ��න�ාසකය nkhopkhw;wp

174. interrupt අත�� ම ,ilA+W

175. intranet අන්ත:ජාලය/ අන්ෙත�ජාල mftpizak;

176. internet of things (IoT) සා�ව �ව� අනත්�ජාලය/ සබැඳ� �ව� අන්ත�ජාලය

nghUl;fspd; ,izak;

177. iteration ප�න�කරණය kPs; nray;

178. karnaugh map කාෙන� සිත�යම fhNdh tiuglk;

179. knowledge management system( KMS)

දැනු� කළමනාකරණ පද්ධත�ය mwpT Kfhikj;Jt

Kiwik

180. large scale integration (LSI)

��ාල ප�මාණෙය් අණ�කලනය ghupa msT

xUq;fpizg;G

181. latency පමාව/��ප්තතාව kiwepiy

79 123

182. least significant අඩුමෙවෙසසි rpWk kjpg;G

183. legend �ස්තර පාඨය Fwp tpsf;fk;

184. life cycle of data දත්ත �වන ��ය juT tho;f;if tl;lk;

185. light emitting diode(LED) display

ආෙල�ක �ෙම��ක ද�ෙය�ඩ සන්ද�ශකය

xspfhYk; ,Uthapj;

jpiu / xsp ckpOk;

,U Kidak;

186. linked allocation සබැඳ� ��ාජනය ,izg;G xJf;fPL

187. linker සන්ධාරකය ,izg;gp

188. liquid crystal display( LCD)

�වස්��ක සන්ද�ශකය jputg;gspq;Ff; fzpdpj;

jpiu

189. list ලැයිස්ත�ව gl;bay;

190. liveware �වා�� capu; nghUs;

191. local publishing ස්ථානීය ප�සිද්ධ ��ම cs;sf ntspaPL

192. local area network (LAN)

ස්ථානීය ප�ෙද්ශ ජාලය ,lj;Jup tiyaikg;G

193. logic gate තා��ක ද්වාරය ju;f;fg; gliy

194. Logical Data Modeling( LDM)

තා��ක දත්ත ආකෘත�කරණය ju;f;fj; juT

khjpupAUthf;fy;

195. logical data structure තා��ක දත්ත ව�හය ju;;f;fj; juTf;

fl;likg;G

196. logical design tools තා��ක සැලසු� ෙමවල� ju;f;f tbtikg;Gf;

fUtp

197. looping �පනය tisa tuy;

198. machine code යන්ත� ෙ�තය ,ae;jpuf; FwpaPL

199. machine-machine coexistence

යන්ත�-යන්ත� සහපැවැත්ම ,ae;jpu- ,ae;jpu

xUq;fpUj;jy;;

200. magnetic ink character reader( MICR)

��බ�ත ත�න්ත අනු ලක�ණ� �යවනය

fhe;j ik vOj;JU

thrpg;ghd;;

201. magnetic stripe reader ��බක ත�� යවනය fhe;jg;gl;b thrpg;ghd;

202. magnetic tape ��ක ප�ය fhe;j ehlh

203. malware අනශි්ඨ මා�කා�� jPk;;nghUs;

80 125

computing ප�කෘත� අනුෙප�්�ත ප�ගණනය fzpg;G

228. nested loop නී�ත �පය ePbj;j tisak;

229. network addresses translating (NAT)

ජාල ෙයාමු ප�ව�තනය tiyaikg;G Kftup

ngau;g;G

230. network architecture ජාල නි��තය tiyaikg;Gf;

fl;likg;G

231. network layer ජාල ස්ථරය tiyaikg;G mLf;F

232. network model ජාල ආකෘත�ය tiyaikg;G khjpup

233. neural network ස්නායුක ජාලය euk;gpay; tiyaikg;G

234. non-functional requirement

කා�ය�ද්ධ ෙනාවන අවශ�තාව nray;rhuhj; Njitfs;

235. normalization ප�මතකරණය ,ay;ghf;fy;

236. null අභිශ�න� ntw;W

237. object code වස්ත� ෙ�ත/ nghUs; Fwp

238. object oriented වස්ත� නැඹු� / පා දක nghUs; Nehf;Fila

239. object- relational model

වස්ත�-ස��න්ධක ආකෘත�ය nghUs; cwTepiy

khjpup

240. octal අෂ්ටමය vz;kk;

241. office automation system (OAS)

කා�යාල ස්වයංකරණ පද්ධත�ය mYtyfj; jd;dpaf;f

Kiwik

242. offline මා�ග අපගත/ මා�ගගත ෙනාවන

njhluW epiy

243. one’s compliment එෙකහි අනුප�රකය Xd;wpd; epug;gp

244. online මා�ගගත njhluwh epiy

245. open source �වෘත මූලාශ� jpwe;j %yk;

246. operational feasibility ෙමෙහයු� ශක�තාව nraw;ghl;Lr;

rhj;jpag;ghL

247. operator category කාරක ප�ව�ගය nrayp tif

248. operator precedence කාරක ප�මුඛතා nrayp Kd;Dupik

249. optical character reader (OCR)

ප�කාශ අණ� ලක�ණ� �යවනය xspapay; vOj;JU

thrpg;ghd;;

124

204. management information system (MIS)

කළමනාකරණ ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය

Kfhikj;Jt jfty;

Kiwik

205. man-machine coexistence

�නිස්-යන්ත� සහපැවැත්ම kdpjd; - ,ae;jpuk;

xUq;fpUj;jy;;

206. media access control (MAC)

මාධ� ප�ෙ�� පාලක Clf mZfy;

fl;Lg;ghL

207. memory management unit( MMU)

මතක කළමනාකරණ ඒකකය epidtf Kfhikj;Jt

myF

208. mesh topology බැඳ� ස්ථලකය fz;zp ,lj;jpay;

209. microprocessor �� සකසනය Ez;nrayp

210. microwave �� තරංග Ez;ziy

211. mini disk ක�ඩා තැ�ය rpW tl;L

212. mobile computing ජංගම ප�ගණනය nry;yplf; fzpik

213. mobile marketing ජංගම අෙළ�කරණය nry;yplr;

re;ijg;gLj;jy;

214. modularization ෙමා�යුලකරණය $W epiyahf;fk;

215. modulation මූ�ජනය gz;Ngw;wk;

216. most significant වැ�ම ෙවෙසසි mjpAau; kjpg;G

217. mother board මව� ප�ව�ව jha;g;gyif

218. multi agent systems බහු කාරක පද්ධත� gy;Kftu; Kiwik

219. multi user-multi task බහු ප��ීලක - බහු කා�යය gw;gadu;-gw;gzp

220. multi-core processors බහු හර සකසන gy;fU nrayp

221. multimedia objects බහු මාධ� වස්ත� gy;Y}lf nghUs;

222. multiplexer බහු පථකාරකය gy;Nru;g;gp

223. multiplexing බහු පථකරණය gy;Nru;g;G

224. multiprocessing බහු සැකසුම gd;Kiwtopahf;fp

225. multitasking බහුකා�ය ��ම gw;gzp

226. multi-threading බහු-අනු�යායනය gy; nray;$W

227. nature inspired ප�කෘත� ෙප�්�ත ප�ගණනය/ ,aw;if cs;sPu;g;Gf;

81 125

computing ප�කෘත� අනුෙප�්�ත ප�ගණනය fzpg;G

228. nested loop නී�ත �පය ePbj;j tisak;

229. network addresses translating (NAT)

ජාල ෙයාමු ප�ව�තනය tiyaikg;G Kftup

ngau;g;G

230. network architecture ජාල නි��තය tiyaikg;Gf;

fl;likg;G

231. network layer ජාල ස්ථරය tiyaikg;G mLf;F

232. network model ජාල ආකෘත�ය tiyaikg;G khjpup

233. neural network ස්නායුක ජාලය euk;gpay; tiyaikg;G

234. non-functional requirement

කා�ය�ද්ධ ෙනාවන අවශ�තාව nray;rhuhj; Njitfs;

235. normalization ප�මතකරණය ,ay;ghf;fy;

236. null අභිශ�න� ntw;W

237. object code වස්ත� ෙ�ත/ nghUs; Fwp

238. object oriented වස්ත� නැඹු� / පා දක nghUs; Nehf;Fila

239. object- relational model

වස්ත�-ස��න්ධක ආකෘත�ය nghUs; cwTepiy

khjpup

240. octal අෂ්ටමය vz;kk;

241. office automation system (OAS)

කා�යාල ස්වයංකරණ පද්ධත�ය mYtyfj; jd;dpaf;f

Kiwik

242. offline මා�ග අපගත/ මා�ගගත ෙනාවන

njhluW epiy

243. one’s compliment එෙකහි අනුප�රකය Xd;wpd; epug;gp

244. online මා�ගගත njhluwh epiy

245. open source �වෘත මූලාශ� jpwe;j %yk;

246. operational feasibility ෙමෙහයු� ශක�තාව nraw;ghl;Lr;

rhj;jpag;ghL

247. operator category කාරක ප�ව�ගය nrayp tif

248. operator precedence කාරක ප�මුඛතා nrayp Kd;Dupik

249. optical character reader (OCR)

ප�කාශ අණ� ලක�ණ� �යවනය xspapay; vOj;JU

thrpg;ghd;;

124

204. management information system (MIS)

කළමනාකරණ ෙතාරත�� පද්ධත�ය

Kfhikj;Jt jfty;

Kiwik

205. man-machine coexistence

�නිස්-යන්ත� සහපැවැත්ම kdpjd; - ,ae;jpuk;

xUq;fpUj;jy;;

206. media access control (MAC)

මාධ� ප�ෙ�� පාලක Clf mZfy;

fl;Lg;ghL

207. memory management unit( MMU)

මතක කළමනාකරණ ඒකකය epidtf Kfhikj;Jt

myF

208. mesh topology බැඳ� ස්ථලකය fz;zp ,lj;jpay;

209. microprocessor �� සකසනය Ez;nrayp

210. microwave �� තරංග Ez;ziy

211. mini disk ක�ඩා තැ�ය rpW tl;L

212. mobile computing ජංගම ප�ගණනය nry;yplf; fzpik

213. mobile marketing ජංගම අෙළ�කරණය nry;yplr;

re;ijg;gLj;jy;

214. modularization ෙමා�යුලකරණය $W epiyahf;fk;

215. modulation මූ�ජනය gz;Ngw;wk;

216. most significant වැ�ම ෙවෙසසි mjpAau; kjpg;G

217. mother board මව� ප�ව�ව jha;g;gyif

218. multi agent systems බහු කාරක පද්ධත� gy;Kftu; Kiwik

219. multi user-multi task බහු ප��ීලක - බහු කා�යය gw;gadu;-gw;gzp

220. multi-core processors බහු හර සකසන gy;fU nrayp

221. multimedia objects බහු මාධ� වස්ත� gy;Y}lf nghUs;

222. multiplexer බහු පථකාරකය gy;Nru;g;gp

223. multiplexing බහු පථකරණය gy;Nru;g;G

224. multiprocessing බහු සැකසුම gd;Kiwtopahf;fp

225. multitasking බහුකා�ය ��ම gw;gzp

226. multi-threading බහු-අනු�යායනය gy; nray;$W

227. nature inspired ප�කෘත� ෙප�්�ත ප�ගණනය/ ,aw;if cs;sPu;g;Gf;

82 127

273. pointing device දැ�ව�� උපාංගය Rl;b rhjdk;

274. port ෙකෙවනිය thapy;> Jiw

275. portable external hard disk

ජංගම/සුවහනීය බාහිර දෘඪ තැ�ය

fhtj;jF Gw td;jl;L

276. portal ද්වාරය/ ආමුඛද්වාරය tiythry;

277. Point of sale (POS) machine

�ක�ණ�� ෙපාල යන්ත� tpw;gid ,l ,ae;jpuk;

278. postulate උපකල්පනය vLNfhs;

279. power supply ��ල� සැපයුම/ජව සැපයුම kpd; toq;fp

280. presence check තථ�තා ප��ෂාව ,Uj;jy; rupghu;j;jy;

281. presentation layer සම�පන/ඉද��පත් �� ස්ථරය Kd;itg;G mLf;F

282. primary key ප�ාථ�ක/මුල ්යත�ර Kjd;ikr; rhtp

283. primitive data type ප�ාථ�ක දත්ත ව�ගය G+u;tPfj; juT tif

284. privacy ෙපෟද්ගල�කත්වය me;juq;fk;

285. private key ෙපෟද්ගල�ක යත�ර gpuj;jpNafr; rhtp

286. process �යාවල�ය/�යායනය/ සැකසුම nray;/ Kiwtopahf;fy

287. process control block(PCB)

�යායන පාලන ඛ��ය nray; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;

njhFjp

288. process management �යායන කළමනාකරණය nray; Kfhikj;Jtk;

289. process states �යායන තතත්්ව nray; epiy

290. process transition �යායන සං�මණය nray; epiykhwy;

291. product commercialization

නිෂ්පාදන වා�ජ�කරණය jahupg;G

tu;j;jfkakhf;fy;

292. product of sum (POS) �ක�යන්ෙග් ග��තය $l;Lj;njhifapd;

ngUf;fk;

293. program translator �මෙල්ඛ ප�ව�තක nra;epuy;

nkhopngau;g;ghd;

294. proprietary හි�ක� සහිත jdpAupik

295. protocol නියමාවල�ය elg;nghOq;F

126

250. optical mark reader (OMR)

ප�කාශ ලක�� යවනය fhe;j ik vOj;JU

thrpg;ghd;

251. output ප�ත�දානය ntspaP;L

252. packet switching ෙපාද� හුවමා�ව nghjp kilkhw;wy;

253. paging ප��කරනය gf;fkply;

254. paradigm සුසමාද�ශය/ ප�ත�මානය/ප�ත��පය

Nfhl;ghl;Lr; rl;lfk;

255. parallel implementation

සමාන්තර ස්ථාපනය rkhe;ju mKyhf;fk;

256. parameter passing පරා�ත� ය��ම gukhdf; flj;jy;

257. parity සමතාව rkepiy

258. password මුර පදය flTr;nrhy;

259. payment gateway ෙගව�� වාසල් ද්වාරය gzf; nfhLg;gdT

Eiothapy;

260. periodic refreshing �ව�ත ප�ෙබ�ධකර�ය fhyKiw GJg;gpj;jy;

261. peripheral device ප�යන්ත උපාංගය / උප�මය Gwr; rhjdk;

262. phablet ��ල� ngg;yl;

263. phased implementation �ව�ස්ථාපනය / ප�යවර �යාත්මක��ම

fl;l mKyhf;fy;

264. phase modulation කලා මු��නය epiy gz;Ngw;wk;

265. phishing තත�බෑම topg;gwpj;jy;

266. physical layer ෙභෟත�ක ස්ථරය ngsjPf mLf;F

267. physical memory ෙභෟත�ක මතකය ngsjPf epidtfk;

268. pilot implementation නියාමක ස්ථාපනය / නියාමක �යාත්මක ��ම

Kd;Ndhb mKyhf;fy;

269. piracy ෙචෟරත්වය/ ��නය fsT

270. pirated software ෙචෟර/��ත ම��කාංග jpUl;L nkd;nghUs;

271. plagiarism ග�න්ථ/රචනා ෙචෟ�යය fUj;Jj; jpUl;L

272. point to point connection

ඍජ� ල�� ස�බන්ධතාව Xd;Wlndhd;W

,izg;G

83 127

273. pointing device දැ�ව�� උපාංගය Rl;b rhjdk;

274. port ෙකෙවනිය thapy;> Jiw

275. portable external hard disk

ජංගම/සුවහනීය බාහිර දෘඪ තැ�ය

fhtj;jF Gw td;jl;L

276. portal ද්වාරය/ ආමුඛද්වාරය tiythry;

277. Point of sale (POS) machine

�ක�ණ�� ෙපාල යන්ත� tpw;gid ,l ,ae;jpuk;

278. postulate උපකල්පනය vLNfhs;

279. power supply ��ල� සැපයුම/ජව සැපයුම kpd; toq;fp

280. presence check තථ�තා ප��ෂාව ,Uj;jy; rupghu;j;jy;

281. presentation layer සම�පන/ඉද��පත් �� ස්ථරය Kd;itg;G mLf;F

282. primary key ප�ාථ�ක/මුල ්යත�ර Kjd;ikr; rhtp

283. primitive data type ප�ාථ�ක දත්ත ව�ගය G+u;tPfj; juT tif

284. privacy ෙපෟද්ගල�කත්වය me;juq;fk;

285. private key ෙපෟද්ගල�ක යත�ර gpuj;jpNafr; rhtp

286. process �යාවල�ය/�යායනය/ සැකසුම nray;/ Kiwtopahf;fy

287. process control block(PCB)

�යායන පාලන ඛ��ය nray; fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;

njhFjp

288. process management �යායන කළමනාකරණය nray; Kfhikj;Jtk;

289. process states �යායන තතත්්ව nray; epiy

290. process transition �යායන සං�මණය nray; epiykhwy;

291. product commercialization

නිෂ්පාදන වා�ජ�කරණය jahupg;G

tu;j;jfkakhf;fy;

292. product of sum (POS) �ක�යන්ෙග් ග��තය $l;Lj;njhifapd;

ngUf;fk;

293. program translator �මෙල්ඛ ප�ව�තක nra;epuy;

nkhopngau;g;ghd;

294. proprietary හි�ක� සහිත jdpAupik

295. protocol නියමාවල�ය elg;nghOq;F

126

250. optical mark reader (OMR)

ප�කාශ ලක�� යවනය fhe;j ik vOj;JU

thrpg;ghd;

251. output ප�ත�දානය ntspaP;L

252. packet switching ෙපාද� හුවමා�ව nghjp kilkhw;wy;

253. paging ප��කරනය gf;fkply;

254. paradigm සුසමාද�ශය/ ප�ත�මානය/ප�ත��පය

Nfhl;ghl;Lr; rl;lfk;

255. parallel implementation

සමාන්තර ස්ථාපනය rkhe;ju mKyhf;fk;

256. parameter passing පරා�ත� ය��ම gukhdf; flj;jy;

257. parity සමතාව rkepiy

258. password මුර පදය flTr;nrhy;

259. payment gateway ෙගව�� වාසල් ද්වාරය gzf; nfhLg;gdT

Eiothapy;

260. periodic refreshing �ව�ත ප�ෙබ�ධකර�ය fhyKiw GJg;gpj;jy;

261. peripheral device ප�යන්ත උපාංගය / උප�මය Gwr; rhjdk;

262. phablet ��ල� ngg;yl;

263. phased implementation �ව�ස්ථාපනය / ප�යවර �යාත්මක��ම

fl;l mKyhf;fy;

264. phase modulation කලා මු��නය epiy gz;Ngw;wk;

265. phishing තත�බෑම topg;gwpj;jy;

266. physical layer ෙභෟත�ක ස්ථරය ngsjPf mLf;F

267. physical memory ෙභෟත�ක මතකය ngsjPf epidtfk;

268. pilot implementation නියාමක ස්ථාපනය / නියාමක �යාත්මක ��ම

Kd;Ndhb mKyhf;fy;

269. piracy ෙචෟරත්වය/ ��නය fsT

270. pirated software ෙචෟර/��ත ම��කාංග jpUl;L nkd;nghUs;

271. plagiarism ග�න්ථ/රචනා ෙචෟ�යය fUj;Jj; jpUl;L

272. point to point connection

ඍජ� ල�� ස�බන්ධතාව Xd;Wlndhd;W

,izg;G

power supply

84 129

319. relational schema ස�බන්ධතා ප�පා�ක සටහන njhlu;G Kiwj; jpl;lk;

320. relationship ස�බන්ධතාවය njhlu;GKiw

321. remote �රස්ථ njhiy> J}u

322. render �දැහු toq;F

323. repeater ප�න�කථකය kPsp> kPl;b

324. repetition ප�න��ත�ය kPs; nray;

325. reset button ප�ත�ාර�� ෙබාත්තම kPsikg;Gg; nghj;jhd;

326. retrieve සමුද්ධරණ kPsg;ngW

327. return value ප�ත�ාගමන අගය jpUk;gy; ngWkhdk;

328. reverse auction ප�ත�ෙවන්ෙද්සිය vjpu;khw;W Vyk;

329. ring topology මු� ස්ථලකය tisa ,lj;jpay;

330. router මං හසු�ව topg;gLj;jp>

topr;nrYj;jp

331. routing මං හැසිර�ම topr;nrYj;jy;

332. scanner සුප��සකය EZF Nehf;fp

333. scheduler නියමකරණය xOq;FgLj;jp

334. scope of variable ��ල� පරාසය khwp nraw;gug;G

335. query �මසුම tpdty;

336. selection ෙත්�ම njupT

337. selector වරකය Nju;tp> Nju;e;njLg;gp

338. sensor සංෙ�දකය czup

339. sequence අන�ුමය njhlu;

340. sequential circuit අනු��ක ප�පථය njhlu;r; Rw;W

341. sequential search අනු��ක ෙසව�ම tupirKiwj; Njly;

342. server ෙස්වාදායකය / අනුග�ාහකය Nritafk;

343. session layer සැසි ස්ථරය mku;T mLf;F

344. sharable pool හුවමා� ප�ංජය gfpujF nghJ ,lk;

345. sign-magnitude ලක�ණ�වත් ප�මාණය / සංල��ත FwpAila tPr;rsT

128

296. prototyping මූලාකෘත�කරණය %ytif khjpup

297. proxy server නිෙය�ජන ෙස්වාදායකය gjpyhs; Nritafk;

298. pseudo code ව�ාජ ෙ�තය Nghypf;Fwp

299. public switch telephone network (PSTN)

ෙපා� ස්�� රක�න ජාල ය nghJ Mspaplg;gl;l

njhiyNgrp

tiyaikg;G

300. public key ෙපා� යත�ර nghJr; rhtp

301. pulse code modulation ස්පන්ද ෙ�ත මූ�ජනය Jbg;Gf;Fwp gz;Ngw;wk;

302. pulse width modulation ස්පන්ද �තර මු�ජනය Jbg;G mfyg;

gz;Ngw;wk;

303. radio button �කල්ප ෙත්�ම NubNah nghj;jhd;

304. random access memory (RAM)

සස��ා� ප�ෙ�� මතකය jw;Nghf;F mZfy;

epidtfk;

305. range check පරාස ප��ාව tPr;R rupghu;j;jy;

306. rapid application development (RAD)

�� ෙයදව�� ස�ව�ධනය Jupj gpuNahf tpUj;jp

307. read only memory (ROM)

පඨන මාත� මතකය thrpg;G kl;Lk;

epidtfk;

308. real time ත�� කාල�ක epfo;Neuk;

309. record �පලැ�යාන gjpT

310. redo නැවත ��ම kPsr; nra;

311. redundancy සමත��තතාව kpifik

312. reference model ෙයාමු ආකෘත�ය tiyaikg;gpd;

fl;likg;G

313. refreshing ප��ු� ��ම Gj;Japu;g;gpj;jy;

314. register memory ෙර�ස්තර මතකය gjptfk;

315. relational ස��න්ධක njhlu;G> cwTepiy

316. relational model ස��න්ධක ආකෘත�ය cwTepiy khjpup

317. relational database ස��න්ධක දත්ත සමුදාය cwTepiy juTj;jsk;

318. relational instance ස��න්ධතා නිද��නය njhlu;G Kiw

vLj;Jf;fhl;L

85 129

319. relational schema ස�බන්ධතා ප�පා�ක සටහන njhlu;G Kiwj; jpl;lk;

320. relationship ස�බන්ධතාවය njhlu;GKiw

321. remote �රස්ථ njhiy> J}u

322. render �දැහු toq;F

323. repeater ප�න�කථකය kPsp> kPl;b

324. repetition ප�න��ත�ය kPs; nray;

325. reset button ප�ත�ාර�� ෙබාත්තම kPsikg;Gg; nghj;jhd;

326. retrieve සමුද්ධරණ kPsg;ngW

327. return value ප�ත�ාගමන අගය jpUk;gy; ngWkhdk;

328. reverse auction ප�ත�ෙවන්ෙද්සිය vjpu;khw;W Vyk;

329. ring topology මු� ස්ථලකය tisa ,lj;jpay;

330. router මං හසු�ව topg;gLj;jp>

topr;nrYj;jp

331. routing මං හැසිර�ම topr;nrYj;jy;

332. scanner සුප��සකය EZF Nehf;fp

333. scheduler නියමකරණය xOq;FgLj;jp

334. scope of variable ��ල� පරාසය khwp nraw;gug;G

335. query �මසුම tpdty;

336. selection ෙත්�ම njupT

337. selector වරකය Nju;tp> Nju;e;njLg;gp

338. sensor සංෙ�දකය czup

339. sequence අන�ුමය njhlu;

340. sequential circuit අනු��ක ප�පථය njhlu;r; Rw;W

341. sequential search අනු��ක ෙසව�ම tupirKiwj; Njly;

342. server ෙස්වාදායකය / අනුග�ාහකය Nritafk;

343. session layer සැසි ස්ථරය mku;T mLf;F

344. sharable pool හුවමා� ප�ංජය gfpujF nghJ ,lk;

345. sign-magnitude ලක�ණ�වත් ප�මාණය / සංල��ත FwpAila tPr;rsT

128

296. prototyping මූලාකෘත�කරණය %ytif khjpup

297. proxy server නිෙය�ජන ෙස්වාදායකය gjpyhs; Nritafk;

298. pseudo code ව�ාජ ෙ�තය Nghypf;Fwp

299. public switch telephone network (PSTN)

ෙපා� ස්�� රක�න ජාල ය nghJ Mspaplg;gl;l

njhiyNgrp

tiyaikg;G

300. public key ෙපා� යත�ර nghJr; rhtp

301. pulse code modulation ස්පන්ද ෙ�ත මූ�ජනය Jbg;Gf;Fwp gz;Ngw;wk;

302. pulse width modulation ස්පන්ද �තර මු�ජනය Jbg;G mfyg;

gz;Ngw;wk;

303. radio button �කල්ප ෙත්�ම NubNah nghj;jhd;

304. random access memory (RAM)

සස��ා� ප�ෙ�� මතකය jw;Nghf;F mZfy;

epidtfk;

305. range check පරාස ප��ාව tPr;R rupghu;j;jy;

306. rapid application development (RAD)

�� ෙයදව�� ස�ව�ධනය Jupj gpuNahf tpUj;jp

307. read only memory (ROM)

පඨන මාත� මතකය thrpg;G kl;Lk;

epidtfk;

308. real time ත�� කාල�ක epfo;Neuk;

309. record �පලැ�යාන gjpT

310. redo නැවත ��ම kPsr; nra;

311. redundancy සමත��තතාව kpifik

312. reference model ෙයාමු ආකෘත�ය tiyaikg;gpd;

fl;likg;G

313. refreshing ප��ු� ��ම Gj;Japu;g;gpj;jy;

314. register memory ෙර�ස්තර මතකය gjptfk;

315. relational ස��න්ධක njhlu;G> cwTepiy

316. relational model ස��න්ධක ආකෘත�ය cwTepiy khjpup

317. relational database ස��න්ධක දත්ත සමුදාය cwTepiy juTj;jsk;

318. relational instance ස��න්ධතා නිද��නය njhlu;G Kiw

vLj;Jf;fhl;L

86 131

370. sub-program උප-�මෙල්ඛය Jizr; nra;epuy;

371. sum of products (SOP) ග��තයන්ෙග් �ක�ය ngUf;fq;fspd;

$l;Lj;njhif

372. supply chain management

සැපයු� දාම කළමනාකරණය tpepNahf

rq;fpypj;njhlu;

Kfhikj;Jtk;

373. swapping ප�ත�හරණය ,lkhw;wy;

374. switch ස්��ය Msp

375. syntax කාරක �ත� njhlupay;

376. system development life cycle(SDLC)

පද්ධත� සංව�ධන �වන ��ය Kiwik tpUj;jp

tho;f;if tl;lk;

377. table වග�ව ml;ltiz

378. table check constraint වග� ප��ා සංෙර�ධකය ml;ltiz rupghu;j;jy;

fl;Lg;ghL

379. tag උසුලනය Xl;L

380. Technical feasibility තා��ක �ක�තාව njhopDl;gr; rhj;jpaf;

fw;if

381. telecommuting �රස්ථ සංවාදය / �ර සන්නිෙ�දනය

njhiynray;

382. testing strategy ප��ණ උප�මය guPl;rpj;jy; cghak;

383. text and font පාඨ සහ අ��ර thrfKk; vOj;JUTk;

384. text formatting පාඨ හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම thrf tbtikg;G

385. text input පාඨ ආදාන thrf cs;sPL

386. normal form ප�මත අවස්ථාව ,ay;ghf;fy; tbtk;

387. thumbnail සැෙක� � FWk;glk;

388. time division modulation (TDM)

කාල ෙ�� මූ��නය Neug; gpup;Tg; gz;ghf;fk;

389. time sharing කාල ��නය Neug;gfpu;T

390. timing කාල ගණනය Neuf;fzpg;G

391. top down design මු�න් �� සැලසුම NkypUe;J fPohd

tbtikg;G

130

ප�මාණනය / �ං�ත ප�මාණනය

346. single user-multi task ඒක ප��ීලක-බහු කා�යය jdpg;gadu;-gw;gzp

347. single user-single task ඒක ප��ීලක-ඒක කා�යය jdpg;gadu;-jdpg;gzp

348. smart card සුහු� කා�පත #l;bif ml;il

349. smart phone සුහු� �රකථනය #l;bifj; njhiyNgrp

350. smart system සුහු� පද්ධත�ය #l;bif Kiwik

351. social networking සමාජ ජාලකරණය r%f

tiyaikg;ghf;fy;

352. software මෘ�කාං� nkd;nghUs;

353. software agent මෘ�කාං� කාරක nkd;nghUs; Kftu;

354. sort ෙත්�ම tupirg;gLj;J

355. source ප�භව %yk;

356. spiral model ස�ප�ල ආකෘත�ය RUsp khjpup

357. spooling �ත�ම Rw;Wjy;

358. Star topology තාරකා ස්ථලකය tpd;kPd; ,lj;jpay;

359. stepwise refinement ප�යවරාකාර ප��පහ�ව gbKiw ePf;fy;;

360. storage ආචයනය Nrkpg;G

361. storage allocation ආචයන �භාජනය Nrkpg;G xJf;fy;

362. stored program concept ආ�ත �මෙල්ඛ සංකල්පය Nrkpf;fg;gl;;l nra;epuy;;;

vz;zf;fU

363. structure ව�හය fl;likg;G

364. structure chart ව�හ සටහන fl;likg;G tiuG

365. structured ව�හ�ත fl;likg;Gila

366. structured query language( SQL)

ව�හ�ත �මසු� බස fl;likg;G tpdty;

nkhop

367. submit button ෙයාමු ෙබාත්තම rku;g;gpj;jy; nghj;jhd;

368. subnet mask උප ජාල ආවරණය cgtiy kiwKfk;

369. sub-netting උප-ජාලනය cgtiyaikg;G

87 131

370. sub-program උප-�මෙල්ඛය Jizr; nra;epuy;

371. sum of products (SOP) ග��තයන්ෙග් �ක�ය ngUf;fq;fspd;

$l;Lj;njhif

372. supply chain management

සැපයු� දාම කළමනාකරණය tpepNahf

rq;fpypj;njhlu;

Kfhikj;Jtk;

373. swapping ප�ත�හරණය ,lkhw;wy;

374. switch ස්��ය Msp

375. syntax කාරක �ත� njhlupay;

376. system development life cycle(SDLC)

පද්ධත� සංව�ධන �වන ��ය Kiwik tpUj;jp

tho;f;if tl;lk;

377. table වග�ව ml;ltiz

378. table check constraint වග� ප��ා සංෙර�ධකය ml;ltiz rupghu;j;jy;

fl;Lg;ghL

379. tag උසුලනය Xl;L

380. Technical feasibility තා��ක �ක�තාව njhopDl;gr; rhj;jpaf;

fw;if

381. telecommuting �රස්ථ සංවාදය / �ර සන්නිෙ�දනය

njhiynray;

382. testing strategy ප��ණ උප�මය guPl;rpj;jy; cghak;

383. text and font පාඨ සහ අ��ර thrfKk; vOj;JUTk;

384. text formatting පාඨ හැ�ස� ගැන්�ම thrf tbtikg;G

385. text input පාඨ ආදාන thrf cs;sPL

386. normal form ප�මත අවස්ථාව ,ay;ghf;fy; tbtk;

387. thumbnail සැෙක� � FWk;glk;

388. time division modulation (TDM)

කාල ෙ�� මූ��නය Neug; gpup;Tg; gz;ghf;fk;

389. time sharing කාල ��නය Neug;gfpu;T

390. timing කාල ගණනය Neuf;fzpg;G

391. top down design මු�න් �� සැලසුම NkypUe;J fPohd

tbtikg;G

130

ප�මාණනය / �ං�ත ප�මාණනය

346. single user-multi task ඒක ප��ීලක-බහු කා�යය jdpg;gadu;-gw;gzp

347. single user-single task ඒක ප��ීලක-ඒක කා�යය jdpg;gadu;-jdpg;gzp

348. smart card සුහු� කා�පත #l;bif ml;il

349. smart phone සුහු� �රකථනය #l;bifj; njhiyNgrp

350. smart system සුහු� පද්ධත�ය #l;bif Kiwik

351. social networking සමාජ ජාලකරණය r%f

tiyaikg;ghf;fy;

352. software මෘ�කාං� nkd;nghUs;

353. software agent මෘ�කාං� කාරක nkd;nghUs; Kftu;

354. sort ෙත්�ම tupirg;gLj;J

355. source ප�භව %yk;

356. spiral model ස�ප�ල ආකෘත�ය RUsp khjpup

357. spooling �ත�ම Rw;Wjy;

358. Star topology තාරකා ස්ථලකය tpd;kPd; ,lj;jpay;

359. stepwise refinement ප�යවරාකාර ප��පහ�ව gbKiw ePf;fy;;

360. storage ආචයනය Nrkpg;G

361. storage allocation ආචයන �භාජනය Nrkpg;G xJf;fy;

362. stored program concept ආ�ත �මෙල්ඛ සංකල්පය Nrkpf;fg;gl;;l nra;epuy;;;

vz;zf;fU

363. structure ව�හය fl;likg;G

364. structure chart ව�හ සටහන fl;likg;G tiuG

365. structured ව�හ�ත fl;likg;Gila

366. structured query language( SQL)

ව�හ�ත �මසු� බස fl;likg;G tpdty;

nkhop

367. submit button ෙයාමු ෙබාත්තම rku;g;gpj;jy; nghj;jhd;

368. subnet mask උප ජාල ආවරණය cgtiy kiwKfk;

369. sub-netting උප-ජාලනය cgtiyaikg;G

88 132

392. touch pad ස්ප��ක උපධානය / පාදකය njhL ml;il

393. touch screen ස්ප��ක ත�රය njhLjpiu

394. transaction processing system( TPS)

ගනුෙදනු සැකසු� පද්ධත�ය gupkhw;wr; nrayhf;f

Kiwik

395. transitive dependency සං�ාන්ත� පරායත්තතාව khWk; rhu;G epiy

396. transport layer ප�වාහන ස්ථරය Nghf;Ftuj;J mLf;F

397. transport protocol ප�වාහන නියමාවල�ය Nghf;Ftuj;J

elg;nghOq;F

398. tuple උපලැ�යාන/ෙප්ල�ය gjpT/epiu

399. twisted pair �� යුගල KWf;fpa Nrhb

400. two’s compliment ෙදෙකහි අනුප�රකය ,uz;bd; epug;gp

401. type check ප��ප ප��ෂාව tif rupghu;j;jy;

402. constraint සංෙර�ධනය fl;Lg;ghL tif

403. ubiquitous computing ස�වව�ත� ආගණනය vq;Fk; tpahgpj;j

fzpik

404. undo අෙහ�සි ��ම nray;jtpu;

405. unguided media නියමු ෙනාවන මාධ� topgLj;jg;glhj Clfk;

406. uni-casting ස�� ස�ෙප�්ෂණය jdpg;gug;gy;

407. unicode යුනිෙක��/ ඒකෙ�ත Xw;iwf;Fwp Kiw

408. unique constraint අනන� සංෙර�ධකය jdpj;Jtf; fl;Lg;ghL

409. unit testing ඒකක ප��ෂණය myFr; Nrhjid

410. universal සා�වත� nghJ

411. updating යාවත්කාල�න ��ම jw;fhyg;gLj;jy;

412. user ප��ීලක gadu;

413. user defined ප��ිලක නි�වා�ත gadu; tiuaiw

414. validation වලංග� ��ම nry;Ygbahf;fy;

415. variable ��ල�ය khwp

416. very large scale integration (VLSI)

ඉතා ��ාල ප�මාණෙය් අනුකල�ත

kpfg; ngupastpyhd

xUq;fpizg;G

133

417. video graphic adapter (VGA)

�ශ� �ත�ක අනුහු�ක��ව fhnzhsp tiuap

nghUj;jp

418. virtual community අත�� ප�ජාව nka;epfu; r%fk;

419. virtual memory අත�� මතකය nka;epfu; epidtfk;

420. virtual storefront අත�� ෙවළඳ ප�ද�ශනාගාරය nka;epfu; filKfg;G

421. waterfall model ද�යඇල� ආකෘත�ය ePu; tPo;r;rp khjpup

422. wave length තරංග ආයාමය miy ePsk;

423. web portal ෙව� ද්වාරය tiy thry;

424. web server ෙව� ෙස්වාදායකය ,iza Nritafk;

425. web service provider ෙව� ෙස්වා සැපයු�ක� ,iza Nrit

toq;Fdu;

426. white box testing ස්ෙ�ත මංජ�සා ප��ාව ntz;ngl;br; Nrhjpg;G

427. world wide web (WWW)

ෙල�ක �සි� �යමන cyfshtpa tiy

428. uniform resource locator (URL)

�කාකා� ස�පත් නි ශ්චායකය rPu;ik ts

,Ug;gplq;fhl;b

429. uniform resource identifier(URI)

�කාකා� ස�පත් හ�න්වනය rPu;ik ts

milahsq;fhl;b

89 132

392. touch pad ස්ප��ක උපධානය / පාදකය njhL ml;il

393. touch screen ස්ප��ක ත�රය njhLjpiu

394. transaction processing system( TPS)

ගනුෙදනු සැකසු� පද්ධත�ය gupkhw;wr; nrayhf;f

Kiwik

395. transitive dependency සං�ාන්ත� පරායත්තතාව khWk; rhu;G epiy

396. transport layer ප�වාහන ස්ථරය Nghf;Ftuj;J mLf;F

397. transport protocol ප�වාහන නියමාවල�ය Nghf;Ftuj;J

elg;nghOq;F

398. tuple උපලැ�යාන/ෙප්ල�ය gjpT/epiu

399. twisted pair �� යුගල KWf;fpa Nrhb

400. two’s compliment ෙදෙකහි අනුප�රකය ,uz;bd; epug;gp

401. type check ප��ප ප��ෂාව tif rupghu;j;jy;

402. constraint සංෙර�ධනය fl;Lg;ghL tif

403. ubiquitous computing ස�වව�ත� ආගණනය vq;Fk; tpahgpj;j

fzpik

404. undo අෙහ�සි ��ම nray;jtpu;

405. unguided media නියමු ෙනාවන මාධ� topgLj;jg;glhj Clfk;

406. uni-casting ස�� ස�ෙප�්ෂණය jdpg;gug;gy;

407. unicode යුනිෙක��/ ඒකෙ�ත Xw;iwf;Fwp Kiw

408. unique constraint අනන� සංෙර�ධකය jdpj;Jtf; fl;Lg;ghL

409. unit testing ඒකක ප��ෂණය myFr; Nrhjid

410. universal සා�වත� nghJ

411. updating යාවත්කාල�න ��ම jw;fhyg;gLj;jy;

412. user ප��ීලක gadu;

413. user defined ප��ිලක නි�වා�ත gadu; tiuaiw

414. validation වලංග� ��ම nry;Ygbahf;fy;

415. variable ��ල�ය khwp

416. very large scale integration (VLSI)

ඉතා ��ාල ප�මාණෙය් අනුකල�ත

kpfg; ngupastpyhd

xUq;fpizg;G

133

417. video graphic adapter (VGA)

�ශ� �ත�ක අනුහු�ක��ව fhnzhsp tiuap

nghUj;jp

418. virtual community අත�� ප�ජාව nka;epfu; r%fk;

419. virtual memory අත�� මතකය nka;epfu; epidtfk;

420. virtual storefront අත�� ෙවළඳ ප�ද�ශනාගාරය nka;epfu; filKfg;G

421. waterfall model ද�යඇල� ආකෘත�ය ePu; tPo;r;rp khjpup

422. wave length තරංග ආයාමය miy ePsk;

423. web portal ෙව� ද්වාරය tiy thry;

424. web server ෙව� ෙස්වාදායකය ,iza Nritafk;

425. web service provider ෙව� ෙස්වා සැපයු�ක� ,iza Nrit

toq;Fdu;

426. white box testing ස්ෙ�ත මංජ�සා ප��ාව ntz;ngl;br; Nrhjpg;G

427. world wide web (WWW)

ෙල�ක �සි� �යමන cyfshtpa tiy

428. uniform resource locator (URL)

�කාකා� ස�පත් නි ශ්චායකය rPu;ik ts

,Ug;gplq;fhl;b

429. uniform resource identifier(URI)

�කාකා� ස�පත් හ�න්වනය rPu;ik ts

milahsq;fhl;b

fuu mdßNdIsl Yío ud,dj ;jÿrg;a iïmdokh fjñka mj;s'

f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh

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Transcript of f;dr;=re yd ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh