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t]d[G oLSmX

स�यमेव जयते सा�र भारत

Ramesha-re Khasem Khosu: This book is based on legal awareness

for the neoliterates on free legal aids. This book is prepared by National Literacy

Mission Authority and Department of Justice, Govt. of India, New Delhi. This book is

translated and published by State Resource Centre Assam, 1-CD, Mandovi

Apartments, GNB Road, Ambari, Guwahati-781001 (Assam)

February 2017 (300)

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yLKk[T gL ylSkl: mUjfFl 2017 (300)

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afdLgld]bfDV uLjfxftl_21

3

gXu[G gl;fDofD t]d[G ylDa] ;[Kt[DaU 2009 cX x]s-;lG . ylDa] cl;lS nfh]Caf oXaXaf d[GpLdfC gl;fDofD tfSmfclG 410 yLDxfCcX oLI;l d[aXv[cfI d[jfC . gl;fDofD t]d[G ylDa]n[G nLDeltS kfIe]Cx[KdXaf d[GpLdfCxfCV t[DaXi-jf ;LjfIV ;Lj[G;i-xfC gL ;Ln-nlS ;i- ;LjfIxfCdX jfC . ylDa]cX yXaXblDaf gl;fDofD gL s[F[SsX ylSslaf kFlSkf ylDa]V ;lk-tfIaf gL d[GbIbI gl;fD yXaXclG sfKd[KdfgfcfI jfC .

gl;fDofDn[ glpfD;f_c]xfCF[G o[GwSkf xlIdGgL s[ufDafcfI cXdLnfCaf rXs-df tfFfKcX clGtUkU;gN dlblof clI;[MF[G x]s-;lI kXs-v[ rLF[cfI jfC . clI;[Mx[KdX v[G o[Sofaf ofd-e]xfC s]k-dfgf;lcfI d[jo[V d[jfC v[GxfC kxls- sLefIxfa]s-n[G gl;fDofDdlG o[Sofaf ofd-e]CcX jfC .

sLefIilaf gl;fDofDn[G tfFfKcX s[F[SsX yfCclI s[KdfF[ nful sLefIilaf gl;fDofD gft-nfn[G x]s-;lI rXs-dfgfcfI jfC . t]d[G oLSmXn[G ofKdl nLDe] yXaX nSn[G mXuKkXaf ofSkIu] gl;fDofD glI;]s- os-rLDeX gL ylDa] of vf;[G nSn[G sLeXcX uLjfxftlcX ylDa] kXs-v[af rXxLCdLg[TcX cf;fD(cf;fdlof kfg-) tlqkLFf (afInf kfg-) gL ;LSvlD (g]kfnl kfg-)af ;fDglafV ;fKrLjfaf (n[vs-) of vfDPLsLefIxfa]s-kf os-rLDeXn[G sLefCcX sLefIilaf gl;fDofDn[G rfxfaf rluXs-jf ofFlK rXs-dfgfcfI jfC .

sLefIilaf gl;fDofD rluXs-jfn[G sLhXs-o[DdX vf;[G nSV vf;[G ;xfIPlD: t]d[G oLSmX gL (A2J NE & JK) tIh[D nLKnfD rXa[Gn[G mfC;lI ofd-aS kXs-v[af rluXs-jfn[G t[GblI vf;[G nSV vf;[G ;xfIPlD t]d[G oLSmXnfD kXi- . ofSkIu]C gl;fDofD glI;]s- os-rLDeX s[F[S rLDeX gL nSxfCcX gXu[Gn[G kfg-bf tXg-bCL . sG rluXs-jfclG sLefIilaf gl;fDofDcX sfS t[GpfnLDdX sLefIilaf ;XMjf tfk-d[KdX sL;fI nM;LefI glI;fI rXulu[ .

ofSkIu] gl;fDofD ;Xs- oLSkXwfG ofKdl nLDe] yXaX tLDdfOIb[GV gof blNnl

cfglCu[ g[Tpl kfg- nLDe]C nLDoLSkLI cf;fDF[ sG ;fKkGxfC ofSyLI ;fKkfg-gX kfn-n[I rXuLcfI yLKk[T rXs-df ylDa] rXuLcfI jfC . kfn-n[Iilaf ;fKkGxfC cf;fD vfDPL sLefIwlDaf ;]jf os-rLDeXnfD t[GblI kXs-v[cfI jfC . cDef sG ;Lo[DcX rXs-ylDdX nS s[Ffaf s[F[S ofKdlcX gXu[Gn[G ;LI tXg-bLDa[ . ofSyLIx[KdX kfn-n[I s[aXi-af sG ;fKkGglG ofKdl nLDe] yXaX nS ;LSvlD oLSmXF[ sLefCcX ofFlK kXs-v[cfI jfC . sG ;fKkGxfC x[Gglk-kfM_dfMxfCF[ nfDwfg- d[bfs-tLefI glI;fI rXulu[ .

;dlFG aqDx cXu[Daf

vfDPL nLDe] nLDel

4

5

Fd];-F[ vf;[G vX;L

Fd];- sXs-df kfIe]Caf nTylS ofDhXaf ofKdl jo[ . sL;oIx[KdX sLxlD;fdf FfwfV c];fdf pfof gL sL;f xFl gL kfM_dfM gL ;XFlS d[oLi[ . Fd];- gL sLxlD;fdf Ffwf;l ofg-gX ofDhX ofd-aS rXu[;lF d[GhX_;[GhX ;oI xlIafqD rXs-gL d[oLi[ . Fd];-F[ sLxlDa];fI nTylS sL;I d[Kgf ofg-PG;fa[g-gfI oLI . kfIe]CcX c}sU if;l x[Ss] ofg-gfI sTtL . cDef v[G ofg-gX Fd];- gL sLxlD;fdf FfwfcfI ofd-aS rXu[;l . g[KdfI d]t-_ o[Daf sL;NF[ sLofg-gX ofDhX rXs-df vLGplC ;lFf d[wfIi[G . y]cfIe[Nn[ sL;NF[ FfwfclG j]C dlS F[ cXd[TtLaf . cDef rXs-d} s[aXi-af kXs-v[N= n[FS v[GxfC x[KdX ofd-aS rXu[;laf . ylSo[G g[KdfI d]t- o[Daf sL;Nn[ sLofg-gX ofCFlg- n[K;[ k];l . sL;NF[ Fd];-clG xfnX(s[SrL) nf;[ sLxlDdX kfIPLb];L . Fd];- k]af ;fKmfcfI vLg[C Ffwf gL m[Daf glIjfC x[TtL . v[G o[GgfI sCgf Ffwf gL Fd];- sL;NF[ sLofg-gX

6

7

yS ofDhX rXs-;[ k]s-df gfCF[;l . v[Nn[ rXuLNn[ sL;N= n[ vLGplCgL glIjfC;lufI ;lS_gLi-df glIjfC rXuLcfI jo[ . ylSo[G kfIe]Caf wglFfD ;fxLF[ sLxlDnfD ;fDofIF[G jft-tlxfC do[ . ;fxLF[ tlnlIuf ;xfIxlDdX tLo[IzS tXg-bL . tLo[IzSF[ gfd-e]CcX tlnlIufF[ kfIe]CcX glI;Xd- d[hXuL . sG gl;LcfI sL;NF[ glIjfC;lufI clt-plIdf x]s-tL Fd];-clG cDef sG o[GgX clwf;LI (m;fcLg)uF cfIufC cfnfDdlG xGplG . vLgb[af cfKtls- kfg-gX Fd];- kLInfxlD k]s-sfIu Ffwf ;[Svfc] rfgfs-kf kXi- . cfIufCdX tfV y]cfI= e[Nn[ sG t[Gpf vf;L;fafcfI cfGhLDdlGbX jfCaf . sL;NF[ glI;Xd- s[hXs-kf tlnlIufxfC d[TtL;l vLg-blqkf j]C xft-tfI d[G cDef sG Fd];- nX . tlnlIufF[ cXd[= d[TtLNn[ Fd];-F[ sLxlD c]ufI ;fxLF[G ylSg[Tpl sL;fDofOI jft-tlxfC v[KdX d[PX;L . Fd];-F[ vLt-tLafal s[FCaf kfg-gX tlnlIufxfCF[ Fd];- d[b[D;LcfI tlnlIuf ;xfIxlD d[b[CFL . Fd];-F[ sfDkX sLDafM gL sLDdfM;l ;[;l . sLxlD;fdf FfwfcfI glIjfC tLSv] nXMF kft-_cfNn cfxlD;fa[G kLInfxlD nfD xft-n[ nt-tLafa]Z cfglC gL vf;L;fafF[G ml;- xLIdf ofIifI xXk- . FfwfF[G sLafg-glG v[K;LcfI sL;fclNn[ dfMclG d[TtL

8

9

cfdX os- glIjfC tLSv] d[hXu[Gg[C . clIufC a;- nfwf oLIt[GglNn[ sLa];fI ofI d[g-g]c] sLefIulaf sLefC oLSkLIn[G aXUb d[eXg-bLcfI kTp[af gl;LIifI jfCcf . v[KdX g[Tpl vf;L;fafxfC kfIe]Caf i[hLDbfIa[G tfh[IgL d[oLi[ . vLGpl ofIu[;fafxfC oLSmXF[ vf;[G klFL;laf kfg-gfI d[aft-tLF d[oLi[ . cfglC v[G ;xfIxlDdX k]ulcfI cfglC kfMclG nk-df tD;lG rXuLD .

FfwfF[G sLuld[G cfh[t-plS do[ . vLglC ofI d[g-g]af sLefI sLefC ;xfIxlDdX d[a]cfI vf;L;fafgL tfCh[I d[hXu[ .

sLbfg-blSkf tlnlIufF[ Fd];- vf;[GnSk[NnX d[o[K;L . vf;[G nSk[Nn[ Fd];- os- kfg-xfC ;]g-nfKtL . gXuKkX Fd];-F[ nTylS kfg-glG kft-tLV vLg[C clIn[Sx[KdX cSs]FlS d[b[D;Laf . sLL;oIxfCu ofDhX s[hXs-kf s[hfaf;l ofDhXnfD d[GhX_;[GhX xlIafqD kXs-v[F jo[af . cfIufC cfKmfn-n[ xlDdX k]s- s[afIifa] cfbfIa] nFlS vf;[GnSk[G ;]g-nfKtL .

kfg-glG v[K;LcfI vf;[G nSk[Nn[ Fd];- d[TtL v[g[C vf;L;faf s[uTtL;lafZ xft-n[ tLGb]clG tuL s[alCcfI vf;[G s[PX;LafZ Fd];-n[ kft-tL _ cfglC u[ ofI;fCFlu[ . glk-df_;fKdf d[n[;-;LDa[G . cfglCu

10

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cfSs]FlS tLGb] ySdf ;LStLDa]cfI Z cfIufC cfKmfn-n[ ;[GnK s[alCcf cfbfIa]Z cfIufC ofDhX d[hXs-sfGuq cf;oIxfC ;fSd[Ghfc] d[;l . vf;[GnSk[Nn[ Fd];-F[ sLafg-glG gLMFlS v[K;LcfI kft-tL _ cfglCu[ oLSmXnfD v[g[C n[KdfIgL tLGb]C ySdfF[ nful nTylS vf;L;faf ylS tIh[D rXuLDa[ klCcf;lu[ . ofId[g-g] sLefI sLefCF[G vf;L;faf ylS vf;[GnSk[Nn[ sLbulKdX t[O . Ffwf gL xFlcfI vLg[CgL ;XFlS jo[;l . vf;L;fa[Nn[ hdfglaf ;fKnf_dLGw] tXg-bL . ;XFlS vf;[GnSk[G s[F[S kfg-xfC d[TtL ;LFLcfI vf;L;fa[Nn[ Fd];- n[FL klFLF s[FCaf k]nlzSsfI tXg-bL . Fd];- ;[GnK vXM;L . sCgf tlnlIuf= F[ Fd];-F[ sLcTtX tLo[I d[bXg-bL . ofI d[g-g] sLefI sLefC s[alCaf vf;L;fa[Nn[ Fd];-n[KdfI gL tLLGb] ySt[ . vLg[C vf;[GnSk[G k]nl rXuL_ Fd];- sLbXk-df jfC . vLg[C nfoX rXuLaf xXk- . sCgf tlnlIufF[cfI Fd];-F[ sLcTtX nTylSsfI kUdfIul d[IPX;LLG . vf;[G nSk[Nn[ g[KdfI n[K;fI gL s[hXs-kf gL s[nfaf g[KdfI n[K;fIaf kfg-xfC v[K;L ;LFLcfI sLgLDdX vf;[G nXg-bL __ Fd];-F[ sLcTtX cfTtlGgfi kfg- ;fSs] d[aXs-v[G . v[Nn[ rXuLNn[ vLg[C zXCwLIgL ;[GnK vXM;LFX .

12

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ofI d[g-g] sLefIilaf sLefC s[F[S t[GpfF[G vf;[G vXMdf nfPX d[uTtL . ofI u[;faf gL gl;fDe[qIaf ofKdlxfCF[ vf;[GxlD k]s-ofIV vf;L;faf k]s-ofI ju[Ff klCdf d[GpLStLG . v[Nn[ rXuLNn[ oLSmXF[ ofId[g-g]c] sLefIn[G ;Lhf gL sLefC s[Kdf;lF[G sLefI rXuLcfI jfC v[G sLefIilN= n[ ofIu[;fCaf ofKdlxfC ofI d[g-g] vf;[G nuL klFL;l .

14

vf vXaf sLefIilaf ;Lhf nLD

sSs]bIaf sLefC xft-n[ vXMdf ;LStL ∗ t[DaXi-af;f gL ;La[G;fxfC . ∗ sLefI d[GblIaf gfcla]s-sX ofKdl n[I;x[CdX s[wfaf

ofKdlxfCcX . ∗ rf gfs-rfaf ofd-aS rXs-d[afIPL;laf ofKdlxfC . ∗ d[GpLdf gL cfaL;fxfC ∗ g[xlF[G obLSjf;l gL yS;[Skf ofKdlxfC ∗ ;LjfI almLOIV jblIafV nLKnl of j]C slaLblDaf

tLSv]cX s[wfaf ofKdlxfC . ∗ vfDwXs-wlDdX ofDhX s[hXs-kf ofKdlxfC ∗ d[GpLdfC rXd[GV j[GpXxlD of g[xl obLSjfxlDaf

ofKdlxfC . ∗ tIa]F[ nfi[GplI ylS gLn-n[ oX ofIi[i- s[uKkf

ofKdlxfC . ∗ kLInfxlDdX s[ofSkf ofKdlxfC ju[Ff . kfIe]C tfSmf gL yLDV vfDPL of nLDoLSkLI s[F[S tfSmfcX ofI d[g-g] sLefIilaf sLefC vXb[T . kfIe]C tfSmf gL yLDV vfDPL of nLDoLSkLI s[F[S tfSmfcX ofI d[g-g] sLefIulaf sLefC vXb[T . sG s[F[S tfSmfcX oLSmXF[ sLefIulaf sLefC ;xfIoLSkf oLSvL;lcfI oLI .

15

sLefC ;xfIdla[G k]nlzS tXd-dfcfI ofI d[g-g] sLefIulaf sLefC vXMdf ;LSt[T .

ylSg[Tpl o[Sofaf kfg-xfC: ∗ sG ;Lo[DdlG sfSsX ofI d[g-g] vXb[T . ∗ tLg-b]cX rfxfaf ;fKnfdLGb]xfCcfI ofI d[g-g]

ofFlk- rXs-df ;LSt[T . ∗ k]nl s[bXd-a[Nn[ ;[Svfaf yfclI vXMdf ;LStL . ∗ ofI d[g-g] sLefIulaf sLefC d[PX;LDafcX

sNn[ tLo[I yLD oLSkLI vf;[GnSk[G of tLD vf;[GnSk[G tXd-df ;LStL .

∗ ofId[g-g] sLefIulaf sLefC tfSmfV cl;lSV c];-V blVcXV sn[StUV sdl;-gUV tfSmfblDaf vf;[GnSxlDV yLD_vf;[GnSxlD tLDvf;[G nSxlD gL yfi-;Xa[Daf vf;[GnSxlD s[F[S t[GgX rXs-df vXb[T .

sLefIilaf sLefC cfSs]FlS vXMdf ;LSt[Kk]Z ofId[g-g] sLefIulaf sLefC vXMdfF[ nful xft-n[cfI

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ofId[g-g] sLefIulaf sLefC ;xfIxlDdX k]s-dfcfI ;xfIoLSk[G k]nl tXd-dfaXi- . k]nlzSsX dX klCdfgf;lcfI s[aKkf yfclI gL gl;LDxfC ;fKdf o[s-kf jfC . ∗ k]nlzS s[bXd-a[Nn[G dlI . ∗ kfMF[ dlI . ∗ oLSkLIb[G . ∗ oXbI . ∗ cfTtlG kFlSkf sLefC rfxfhXu[cfI jfCaf . ∗ tLo[In[G y[Kk[T kfg-xfC . ∗ ofIn[G ofSgfD . cSs]FlS sfS kfg-xfC ;fKdfcfI ;XFlS k]n lzS tXd -d fc f I oI d [g -g]a f sLefIulaf ;xfIoLSk[Nn[ tLGb]CF[G sLx]s-;lI= x[KdX glI;Xd- rXuL;LFLcfI vXMdf s[aXi-af sLefIulaf sLefC klCdf cf;LS .

17