F04 P6 Daikin Dhont

8/10/2019 F04 P6 Daikin Dhont

1/28


2/28

Daikin press release 27 Sept 2012launch of worldsfirst R32air

conditioner on the Japanese market

2

Daikin considers that R32is suitable forsplit air conditioners and heat pumps

From fall 2012, Daikin will start to adoptR32to all successive models ofresidential air conditioners in Japan

Daikin aims to expand use of R32tocommercial air conditioning equipmentin the future


3/28

3

Why R32 for air conditioners & heat pumps?

R32 IS THE MOST BALANCED SOLUTION Not depleting the ozone layer

Smaller Global Warming Impact (LCCP) compared to R410A & R22

Higher Energy Efficiency compared to R410A & R22

Reduced refrigerant charge possible

More compact design possible

Acceptably safe because only slightly Flammable (Class A2L)

Refrigerant Production capacity is available (R32 is a component of R410A)

Easy to recycle and reuse (single component refrigerant)

Affordable for developing countries


4/28

R410A is non flammableR32 is flammable but how flammable ?

4

On the Safety Data Sheet

& on refrigerant cylinders,

R32 refrigerant is

classified as

extremely flammable,similar to the classification

of Hydrocarbon

refrigerants (R290)


5/28

5

Flammability classification of R32 = 2L

Class 1 Class 2L Class 2 Class 3

Not flammable Slightlyflammable

burning velocity10 cm/s

Low flammable Highlyflammable

R744 (CO2) R1234yf / ze R152a R290

R410A R32

R717(Ammonia)

In reality, flammability of R32 refrigerant is very low.

The burning velocity ( 10 cm/s) is too slow to cause horizontal

flame propagation or explosion.

Classification according to ASHRAE34 & draft ISO817.


6/28

Safety is a must duringthe whole life cycle !

1. Production ofrefrigerant

2. Transport ofrefrigerant

3. Storage of

refrigerant

4. Production ofequipment

5. Transport ofequipment

6. Storage of

equipment

7. Installationwork

9. Service &Recovery

8. Use

10. End of lifetreatment

International, EU, National & Local regulations & standards play a role.

Avoid Overspecification : the risks of Class 2L refrigerants are much

lower compared to Class 3 refrigerants !


7/28

Installation, Service and Useconditions

7


8/28

8

Conditions for Refrigerant Ignition

Characteristicsof FlammableRefrigerant

Contactwith Ignition Source

Occurrenceof Refrigerant Leakage

A fire accident triggered by a flammable refrigerant occurs

if 3 conditions are met.

Adequate measures must be taken to prevent the likelihood that suchsituation occurs


9/28

9

Each condition needs evaluation

Flammable Gas

Ignition

SourceRefrigerant

Leakage

Safety class (ASHRAE)A3 A2 A2LLFL Low flammable Limit

UFL Upper flammable limit

Auto Ignition temperature

MIE Minimum ignition energy

BV Burning Velocity

Heat of Combustion

Internal Factor

Poor manufacturing qualityLeakage from piping, joint, Heat exchanger

joint piping

External Factor

Poor installation quality

Poor maintenance & service

Internal Factor

Electric Circuit Board Magnet Conductor

External Factor

Cigarette

Hot water Supply Boiler

Fire accident

1. Assess Flammability

2. Formulate Refrigerant Charge LimitMaintenance & Service training

3. Investigate ignitionsource impact


10/28

1. Assessment of

Flammability characteristics

10


11/28

9/10/201211

Ignition Test

1m

1m

1m

Ignition

source

Slowly leak the test gas into 1m cubic box:

Charge Amount (kg)

Dens

ity(kg/m3)

Critical pointLFL(Low Flammable Limit)

Ignitionsource
http://www.google.co.jp/imgres?imgurl=http://www.clker.com/cliparts/I/v/5/T/e/6/flame-2-color-md.png&imgrefurl=http://matome.naver.jp/odai/2129064885075224501/2129065399375379003&usg=__Xs5O48LijR2H16MyVFEaL-p5qZs=&h=299&w=237&sz=15&hl=ja&start=19&zoom=1&tbnid=qNIHs7k3BRoSTM:&tbnh=116&tbnw=92&ei=6gtAUM31FYfMmgWmwYHABw&prev=/search?q=%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%80%80%E7%82%8E&hl=ja&sa=N&rls=com.microsoft:ja:IE-SearchBox&rlz=1I7GGLZ_ja&tbm=isch&prmd=ivns&itbs=1http://www.google.co.jp/imgres?imgurl=http://www.sozai-bank.com/illust/fire/fire1.png&imgrefurl=http://www.sozai-bank.com/dl/fire/fire1.html&usg=__JKQeNi73dlAjUnC7sDhwfbpW_1E=&h=355&w=394&sz=34&hl=ja&start=33&zoom=1&tbnid=mXw3Ix3uy_N5QM:&tbnh=112&tbnw=124&ei=pgtAUJCJFqvkmAWE5YHgCg&prev=/search?q=%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%80%80%E7%82%8E&start=20&hl=ja&sa=N&rls=com.microsoft:ja:IE-SearchBox&rlz=1I7GGLZ_ja&tbm=isch&prmd=ivns&itbs=1


12/28

12

Example flammability behaviourof Class 3 refrigerant (R290)

30 gram R290 / 1m

Ignited by spark

Explosion


13/28

13

Example flammability behaviourof Class 2L refrigerant (R32)

300 gram R32 / 1m

Ignited by flame

No fire


14/28

14

Example flammability behaviourof Class 2L refrigerant (R32)

320 gram R32 / 1m

Ignited by flame

Slow vertical flame

but no explosion


15/28

2. Refrigerant charge limits

Maintenance/service training

15


16/28

16

Field International Europe US

RefrigerantClassification

ISO817Under revision

-NA-(based on ISO)

ASHRAE 34UL 2182

UsageRestriction for

Safety

ISO5149Under revision

EN378Under revision

ASHRAE 15

IEC60335-2-40Under revision

EN60335-2-40Based on IEC

UL 207UL 250UL 471

UL 474UL 484UL 984

UL 1995UL 60335-2-40

Related Safety standards

Revision of international & European standards is ongoing


17/28

17

R32 charge limitations

IEC60335

2-40

A2, A3 4 x LFL 26 x LFL 130 x LFL

A2L

Proposal

6 x

LFL=(1.8kg)

52 x

LFL=(16kg)

260 x

LFL=(80kg)

ISO 5149

Draft

A2, A3 4 x LFL 26 x LFL 130 x LFL

A2L (R32)6 x LFL=(1.8

kg)

39 x LFL=(12

kg)

195 x LFL=(60

kg)

< 1.8 kg

No restriction

1.8 ~12 (16) kg

According to formula

12 (16) ~ 60 (80) kgWith additional

ventilation

> 60 or 80 kg

National legislation

Small charge amount Large charge amount

Mmax=2,5 x (LFL)(5/4)x ho x (A)1/2

Category I Category II

Refrigerant Charge limit for R32 in ISO & IEC drafts


18/28

18

R32 charge limitationsin NON ventilated areas

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

18.00

20.00

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Floor location

Wall mounted

Windor mounted

Ceiling mounted

Ma

x.RefrigerantC

harge(kg)

Floor Area (m2)

Window mounted

Example from Draft ISO5149


19/28

19

0,00

10,00

20,00

30,00

40,00

50,00

60,00

70,00

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

QLMV

QLAV

Max.RefrigerantC

harge(kg)

Floor Area (m2)

With additional ventilation

R32 charge limitationsin ventilated areas

With minimum ventilation

Example from Draft ISO5149


20/28

35units

10units

7units

20units

Daikin R32 fieldtests & trainingin India

Supported by Japanese Ministry

for Economy, Trade & Industry
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/India_climatic_zone_map_en.svghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/India_climatic_zone_map_en.svghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/India_climatic_zone_map_en.svghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/India_climatic_zone_map_en.svghttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_2//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/India_climatic_zone_map_en.svg


21/28

Installation & service in Europe

Technically, installation of R32 unit is similar to R410A

Tooling may be slightly different (under investigation for EU)

Tooling R410A R32

Manifold Normal R32 valuesmust be on the scale

Scale Normal Normal

Vacuum pump Normal Normal

Leak detector Normal Under investigation

Recovery unit Normal Under investigation

Recoverybottle

40 bar, rightthread

48 bar, left thread


22/28

3. Evaluation of ignition sources

22

imulation R32 leak no explosion occurs


23/28

imulation R32 leak no explosion occurs

400g 800g0g


24/28

R32+ETHER OIL (5%) R410A+ETHER OIL (5%)

Simulation R32 rapid leak from liquid line

During brazing work

No explosion occurs. Same result as R410A

(due to oil)


25/28

bl f l


26/28

Publication of Japanese test resultsat JRAIA Symposium in Kobe,8 & 9 November 2012

26


27/28

Conclusion

27

Safety is a must during the whole life cycle

The safety data sheet is not sufficient to

evaluate the risk in an optimal way, as it leads

to overspecification for the slightly flammable(2L) refrigerants

Regulations and standards need revision in

order to avoid such overspecification


28/28

Thank you !

F04 P6 Daikin Dhont

Documents

Transcript of F04 P6 Daikin Dhont