F. Plasmodium Malariae
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Transcript of F. Plasmodium Malariae
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http://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pf2bb.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pf2bb.htm -
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Scientifik classification Kingdom :Protista
Phylum :Apicomplexa Class :AconoidasidaOrder :HaemosporidaFamily :PlasmodiidaeGenus : Plasmodium
Species : P. m alariae
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Disease
Quartan m alaria (m alariae m alaria )
fever chills flu-like
symptoms
fever, quartan (every third day) headache muscle pain
anemia fatigue kidney failure
nephrotic syndrome
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Identification
Species identification is possible on the basisof the appearance of parasites of each of thefour malaria species.Shape and size of asexual parasites and ofmacro- and microgametocytes, developmentalstages in peripheral blood, modifications ofinfected erythrocytes, presence of dots or clefts onthe red blood cells are the main differentialcharacteristics
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Morphology P.malariae
a.Trophozoites are usually small rings with a singledot of chromatin or have a compact, regularcytoplasm that seems to contain the nucleus.The pigment in late trophozoites is scattered.
b. Trophozoites may assume a band form typical ofthe species. Red blood cells are not enlarged orrather smaller than normal.Multiple infection is rare. The parasitemia isusually low. No dots or clefts.
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c. Schizonts are small and with a low number of merozoites(
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Picture of P.malariae
(a) pm1-ic pm2-ic (b)
pm5-ic pmthin-ic P_malariae2-ic (c) pmM-ic
(c) (d) pm6-ic pm4-ic P_malariae1
http://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/P_malariae1.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm4.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/P_malariae1.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm4.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm6.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pmM.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/p_malariae2.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pmthin.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm5.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pmM.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/p_malariae2.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pmthin.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm5.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm2.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm1.htm -
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Life cycle
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Immunology Spesific immune response have cellular
immunity by T limfosit and humoral immunity byB limfosit .
T Limfosit differences to T limfosit helper (CD4+) and cytotoxic (CD8+)
From the product of cytokin made differencesbecome
subset Th-1 (output IFN- and TNF-) subset Th-2 (output IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL10 )
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Immunology The cytokin characterized activated
humoral immunity.CD4+ have function asregulator by helping production antibodyand other phagocyt activity and CD8+have function as the direct effector forparasit phagocytosis and blocking parasit
growth with the IFN- product.
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Diagnostic Factors
Blood smear DNA probe Immunoassay
Morphology in RBC
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DIAGNOSIS P. Malariae diagnosis relies mainly on observation of
parasites in Giemsa-stained thin or thick smears (G-TS). Alternative techniques for identification of malariaparasites are based on fluorochromes such as AcridineOrange (AO), DAPI-PI or BCP.With these dyes malaria parasites are easily recognizedunder UV light, reducing the time spent reading theslides.
Another method, based on fluorochromes, thequantitative buffy coat (QBC) .(Becton-Dickinson)
analysis wich uses AO staining of centrifuged parasitesin a capillary tube containing a float, has been shown tobe rapid and accurate.
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Treatment and Prevention
mosquitocontrol mosquitorepellants chloroquine
Intra-venous antibiotic therapy withampicillin and cefotaxime .
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Epidemiology Congenitally acquired malaria is rare in the United
States;
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Daftar pustaka http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_malariae http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/index.html
http://www.kalbefarma.com.html http://www.ratsteachmicro.com http:// www.sanger.ac.uk http:// www.humanillnesses.com