F .EXKM FTC[ FCZT - talmudha-igud.org.il IV-V/third... · ,fn k\kkp qke \kc kign[ fczt |6~ !zghdr...
Transcript of F .EXKM FTC[ FCZT - talmudha-igud.org.il IV-V/third... · ,fn k\kkp qke \kc kign[ fczt |6~ !zghdr...
FSGDKBF[NK[K\:’TZCF’)PDT"C=PET"B(
TZCF[CTFMKXE.
B.[BNFTN
FP[RF
G\[GCF[N
ZCKKGIRQ
~1|TZCFC[CKTKPBKJTPBEIKB[C\?
~2|BPZZCKKGIRQ:MEKNVZSPF[FKBPQF\GZF.
C.EKGQZB[GQ
C\[GC\ZCK
KGIRQ
~3|BKFMK,NGNCRPKNKEIKMEKNVZSPG[FGBPQF\GZF!
~4|NGNCDHZFP[GOEZCF.~5|BKFMK,TZCFRPKRDHGZ!~6|TZCF[NGIKCK\EKQPKK\KNF,
NGNCNMNPSGZ.
D.EKGQ[RK
C\[GC\ZCK
KGIRQ
~7|BKFMK,MNKGPBRPKNKEIK!
~8|B\KNVYVGYKCNGNC.~9|GNKEIKCKGOJGCZB[GQ!~10|NBPGMIBPN\B,BPZK:NGNC
FGBEYBEIK.~11|GNKEIKCIEPFRL!~12|MKGQEYBPVY\NFPZB[GQ,BGYPFB[CKTK.
E.\IKN\EKGQ
[NK[K
C\[GC\ZCK
KGIRQ
~13|BKFMK,FBKERBRPKNKEIK!
~14|BRQNBKETKRQCYKCGTBEKZIB.~15|BKRFGEKETGCYKCGTBEKZIB,NKEIK!~16|MKB\B
CZFEKBBPZ:NBBKYNT.MKB\BZCKQGMNRIG\KBPZK:BKYNT,GNBEIK.
~17|GBNBY[KB!
F.ECZK
BPGZBKO
FPGCBKOPQ
FPGMQ
GP[GCXKOC\GL
FEKGQF[NK[K
C\[GC\ZCK
KGIRQ
~18|BPZZCKGSU:PBQNKPBNQETZCFCRJKNF,ENPBCHYKVF?~19|BK\KCKFBCKK:NGNC
GTZCF[[FG[CTF.PBKNBG{MNGNC,PFNGNCCRJKNF,BUTZCFCRJKNF!~20|PKEK
BZKB?{FBMEBK\KF,GFBMEBK\KF.~21|BK\KCKFBCKK:CMNKGOPYKVKQB\FPHCI
VTOBI\,GBG\GFKGO[CTVTPKO.PBKNBG{CTZCF!~22|NB,CNGNC.~23|GFBBPZ
ZCRIPQBPZZCFCZBCGF:CTZCF!~24|BPZNKF:FGBBPZNLCTZCFGBRBBPKRB
CNGNC.
~25|B\PZ:ZCKBNTHZBGPZ:CNGNC.ZC[PGBNCZR\QBPZZCKIRKRB:CTZCF.GMQBPZ
ZCRIPQBPZZCFCZBCGF:CTZCF.
~26|BPZNKFZCBNZCKXIYCZKFEZCFCZCZIRF:CZBGZKB,\BGBKPBNLPN\B
PTNK\BEFGFBPZBCGL.FBE\RQMNFKGOPYKVKQB\FPHCIVTOBI\,GBG\GFKGO
PYKVKQB\FPHCI[CTVTPKO,{FMKBPZBCGLP[PKFEZCKBNTHZ:CNGNC.
~27|BK\KCKF:NGNCEGIFB\F[C\C\IN\G,GTZCFCSGVG.VTOBI\IN[CKTK[NTZCF
NFKG\C[C\,GFCKBGPZCKG\[NTZCFPTZC[C\,GFRKIGOCTHZF,GFMKZGCFQ
CKK\GSKQGRJNGOGMC[GO\I\BCRKO.NPIZFMKZGCFQTPKFBZW,G[PJGOP\I\
FBCRKO,GFCKBGOFMFRKOGHYVGOCXKEKFPHCI.NVK[BKQCKK\GSKQPGEKO[IKCGJ
TZCFEGIFB\F[C\.~28|BNPBCRJKNFFKB!
~29|\KGC\B.
59
G.FP[LFEKGQ
F[NK[KCECZKZCK
KGIRQ
~30|GBNBREIG!
~31|MKGQEBRQNBEIKRQ,BKRFGRPKNBEIG.
~32|GFBKGOJGCFZB[GQ,ENEKEQNBEIKGNEKEFGEIK!~33|BPZK:NEKEFGRPKNBEIK.GBNB
Y[KBFRK\Z\K;E\RBIEB:MNFTOPGNKMKOB\NGNCKFONFZFCK\,G\RKBBKEL:NCK\
FMRS\.GP\ZXKRQ:MBQ{CHPQ[CK\FPYE[YKKO,MBQ{CHPQ[BKQCK\FPYE[YKKO,
NB.BKEKGBKEK{CHPQ[CK\FPYE[YKKO,GNBY[KB:MBQ{CPYE[,MBQ{CDCGNKQ.
H.EKGQBPGZBKCCNK
C[BN\PXGG\TZCF
C[[\FKPKO
FZB[GRKO[NSGMG\
CHPQFHF
~34|BPZNKFBCKKNZCB>MLCMNFTEKO,BLK[NDZGS"ZCF"<:PBK[RBNGNCETCEKRQNKF
[CTFHMZNPYE[,GPBK[RBTZCFENBTCEKRQNF[CTFHMZNPYE[?
~35|BPZNKF:FGBKNGBEOKGXBKEKIGC\GCTZCF[CNGNC.~36|BPZNKF:FFGBP[GONGNC
FGBEYBTCKENKF.~37|GMK\KPBEYBPDCFNKFGFEZPDCFNKF{GFBPT[KOCMNKGO
ENBYBTCEKRQFMK!
~38|BPZZCHCKEP[PKFEZCB:NGNCEBGZKK\B{TCEKRQ[CTFHMZNPYE[.TZCFEZCRQ{
NBTCEKRQNF[CTFHMZNPYE[.~39|NPBQ?BKNKPBNBCB[BGN{FBPZTZCKRIN
M\KC,[\KO{BI\NNGNCGBI\NPYE[.BKNZCRQ{FNM\BDPKZKNF,EBPZZCKBSK
BPZZCKKGIRQP[GOZCKRIGRKBBK[CYT\CK\IGZ\Q:T[ZRJKTG\,TZCF,GRKSGL
FPKO{FNMFNP[FPSKRK.
~40|BNBBPZZCHCKEP[PKFEZCB:NGNCEBK\NKFTKYZPQF\GZFCDCGNKQ,TCEKRQNKF
[CTFHMZNPYE[;TZCFENK\NFTKYZPQF\GZFCDCGNKQ,NBTCEKRQ[CTFHMZ
NPYE[.
60PSM\SGMF{VZYZCKTK:NGNCGTZCF
PSGZ\F\NPGE
~2|MEKNVZSPF{F[GGP[RFPRIG\KD;KZG[NPKSGMFEG,RET"D)"MEKNT[G\VGPVKNECZ"(.[FKBPQ
F\GZF{\GSV\BSGMFDB)PFE’NKCZPQ,TP’266(;KZG[NPKSGMFEB,RET"C;CCNKSGMFPET"B
)NFNQ~39|;VZYE,SGDKBE,’CTNKPGPKQ’,PET"B;VZYE,SGDKBF,’RCKBKO’,PET"B=T"C(.~4|NGNCDHZF
P[GOEZCF{SGMFPCT"C)VZYE,SGDKBB,’ZCF’,NTKN(.~6|[NGIKCK\EKQPKK\KNFG{ZBGP[RF
SGMFEF=G;F[GGP[RFPRIG\KD;\GSV\BPRIG\KMD.~10|NBPGMIBPKN\BBPZKNGNCFGBEYB
EIK{F[GGECZKZCISEBC[OZCKKXIY,NFNQPET"C)VZYE,SGDKBG,’BKKCG’(,GECZKZCFNFNQ,~35|.
~13=15|BKFMK,FBKERBRPKNKEIK...BKRFGEKETGCYKCGTBEKZIBNKEIK{F[GGNTKN,PDT"B)VZYE,
SGDKBB,’ZCF’(.~16|MKB\BCZFEKB...GNBEIK{F[GGKZG[NPKSGMFEB,RET"C)"ZCKSKPGQ
PVYE..."(.~18|BPZZCKGSU...ENPBCHYKVF{F[GGNFNQ,PET"B)VZYE,SGDKBE,’CTNKPGPKQ’,~5|(.
CHYKVF{ZBGP[RFSGMFEF.~19|NGNCGTZCF[[FG[CTF{P[RFSGMFEB.~21|CMNKGOPYKVKQ
B\FPHCIVTOBI\GBG\GFKGO[CTVTPKO{P[RFSGMFEF.~22|CNGNC{F[GGPEZ[\FNKOMGF.
~23|GFBBPZZCRIPQBPZZCFCZBCGF:CTZCFNFNQ,~25|.~26|CZBGZKB\BGBKPBNLPN\B
PTNK\BEFGFBPZBCGL{CZMG\KCT"B;TCGEFHZFNBT"C.MNFKGOPYKVKQB\FPHCIVTOBI\
GBG\GFKGO[CTVTPKO{P[RFSGMFEF.~27|NGNCEGIF...NVK[BKQCKK\GSKQPGEKO[IKCGJTZCF
EGIFB\F[C\{\GSV\BSGMFDB.~31|MKGQEBRQNBEIKRQBKRFGRPKNBEIG{F[GGSRFEZKQF
T"B;FRDKEGVSIKORBT"B,IGNKQKIT"C.~33|GBNBY[KB...MBQCHPQ[BKQCK\FPYE[YKKO{NTKN,
PET"B)VZYE,SGDKBB,’ZCF’(.MNFTOPGNKMOB\NGNCKFONFZFCK\{P[RFSGMFEE.NCK\
FMRS\{P[RFSGMFDKD.MBQCPYE[MBQCDCGNKQ{F[GGNFNQ,PET"C)VZYE,SGDKBF,’RCKBKO’,
~6|(.~34|NGNCETCEKRQNKF[CTFHMZNPYE[{P[RFZB[F[RFED;SGMFDKC.~35|FGBKNGBEOKGXB
KEKIGC\GCTZCF[CNGNC{ZBGECZKZCISEBC[OZCKKXIY,NFNQPET"C)VZYE,SGDKBG,’BKKCG’,
~4|(.~37|EYBPDCFNKFGFEZPDCFNKF{NFNQ[O,~3|.~38|TZCFEZCRQ{KZG[NPKSGMFEB,RET"C;
NFNQ,PET"C)VZYE,SGDKBF,’RCKBKO’,~1|(.~39|BKNKPBNBCB[BGNFBPZTZCKRINM\KC[\KOBI\
NNGNCGBI\NPYE[{\GSV\BSGMFDB)PFE’NKCZPQ,TP’266(;SVZBBPGZVZYJHSKPQG)PFE’GKKS,
YCT"E(;KZG[NPKSGMFEB,RET"C;CCNKSGMFNDT"C.TZCKRIN{GKYZBMDP.BKNZCRQFNM\BDPKZK
NFEBPZZCKBSKBPZZCKKGIRQP[GOZCKRIGRKBBK[CYT\CK\IGZ\QT[ZRJKTG\TZCFGRKSGLFPKO
FNMFNP[FPSKRK{\GSV\BSGMFDB)PFE’NKCZPQ,TP’266(;KZG[NPK[CKTK\BF,NDT"C;SGMFE
B,RET"C;CCNKSGMFNDT"C;NFNQ,PET"C)VZYE,SGDKBE,’CTNKPGPKQ’,~4|;VZYE,SGDKBF,’RCKBKO’,
~3|(.T[ZRJKTG\{P[RF[CKTK\BG.GRKSGLFPKO{P[RFSGMFEJ.~40|NGNCEBK\NKFTKYZPQ
F\GZFCDCGNKQTCEKRQNKF[CTFHMZNPYE[{NTKN,PDT"B)VZYE,SGDKBB,’ZCF’,~6|(.
Z["K
PBKJTPBEGIFGNBDHGZCFMKFKMKEDHGZCNGNC,EFBFMBRPKNK\BPQF\GZFCDCGNKQM[BZKPK
FIDNDCKNGNC,GBPBKNBDHGZCFCPYE[?NVZSPF[FKBPQF\GZFNVK[BKRFPVGZ[\PQF\GZF
CFEKB{[CYGNFZGGIBNPKEIK[C\IEKGPB,MEKNVZSPF[PQF\GZFFKB.NGNCRPKRKEIGC[BZ
KPKOCPYE[,MEKNVZSPG[FGBPQF\GZFMN[CTF,EFBNBPVZ[BCFEKB,EBKMBNPKJTKGNPKPZ
EFBKG[PI\ONVRKF’[CT\KPKO{NBG[PI\NGNCYBPZ.[NGIKCK\EKQPKK\KNFPTZC[C\,
GNPIZ\BKRFPXGFNMNBEOBNBMFRKOFPYKVKQCFB\FPHCI.BKFMKENKMBNPKDHZCFPKEK,GFGB
MN[CTFCPYE[PQF\GZF.MNKGPBRPKEBKYNTC[C\RKEIK,PBK[RBIEKGPBG\GNB?B\K
NVYVGYKCNGNCNHNHGNKCNGNC,P[GOENBEIKCNGNCBNBCIEKGPB,GFBEIKMNKGPB,B\KNPKPZ:
NGNCNBGPXGFI[GCFFKB.GNKEIKTZCFCKGOJGCZB[GQMNGNC.NBGPGMIBPKN\BEP[GOTZCF
FGBEPKVZSO[FKBPQF\GZF,EBPZK:P[GOER\RFNEIG\BXNNGNC,REIK\BUBXNTZCF,GTKYZ
P[GONGNCFGB.CIEPFRLCBIEP[BZFKPKO.BGYPFB[CKTKKGOPSGKKO,BGZB[GQBGBIZGQ.
FBKERBRPKNBIZIGZCQ,ETCEKRQTZCFIEKGPB,MEBPZKRQNYPQ)SGMFPE,B(:PRFDRCKBKOFKB
CDCGNKQ,MKGQENKMBNPKI[PKEK{NKEIKC[CKTK,GKJNGFGKICJGF[NGIKCK\EKQNVZSPF[FKB
CPYE[PQF\GZF[FZKNBDHZGTNKFC[CKTK,GNBIZIGZCQPKDHZTNKF?NBKETKRQCYCKTBEKZIB
G[PBBKQ[CKTK[NRG[CKTK.NBBKYNTFOPTCZKOB\BNGNBGBIEPQFIE[KO,M[ZGBKQ[KBZT
[CKTKC[C\.GMNRIG\KMNFSKTF[KZEGPBZWK[ZBNNCCN,G[TNGPCCNNBZWK[ZBNGIHZG.PBQ
NKPBNQETZCFCPYE[CRJKNF,ENKEIKF[\BTZCFBKSGZBPEZCRQHMZNPYE[,ERKEIK[C\.ENPB
CHYKVF{NBFKGRGJNKQBG\FCKE,BNBHGYVKQBG\GCXKEKFPHCINIGE,ME\RQCP\RK\KQ,GF[\B
61 FSGDKBF[NK[K\:’TZCF’)PDT"C=PET"B(
NKMBPHCI,FKMBRHYVF?GBG\GFKGOC[CKTK,PEY\RKVTOBI\G[CTVTPKO[PTPKRFFYVFCZDN
SCKCFPHCIFGB,GCPFPYKVKQNBGCTZCF?NBCNGNCPYKVKO,NBIZ[HYVGFTZCFSCKCFPHCI.
C\IKN\GCKGOJGCZB[GQ.GTZCFCSGVGC[CKTK.PZCKG\RJKTG\.GFMKZGCFQCKK\GSKQFZDK[G\NPKEK
CKK\GSGFQXEGYKO,GBKROPGEKOCTZCF,[BKRFPVGZ[\PQF\GZF.GMC[GOJPRGO,MPG:CFEKMC[K
EZIPRBNPFNL,CPSM\CZMG\)K,B(,GK[PVZ[KO:MPGKMCG[TGRG\KRG)PKMFH({KMSF,MSK\MN
IJB\OSNF)\FNKOVF(.\I\FBCRKOGKGETKOFOCIMPKO[NBKJNJNGNPIZFBCRKO.TPKFBZW
[NBFKGCYKBKOCBKSGZJNJGN,GFOFK\FKEOTOFVZG[KO.GFCKBGOFMFRKOGHYVGOMG’BCNK[ZBN
NBFKFRMRSCKQFBGNOGNPHCI,GPEY\RKIKCGJTZCF{PMNNECKERGJNKQBG\FGPRTRTKO,GPYKVKQ
CFFMFRKOB\FPHCICZDNKFO,GBIZMLHGYVKQBG\F.GBNBNKEIKMKGQECRJKNFFGF{K[NGNT[G\
HMZNPYE[,GNKEIK[CKTKEKNF[C\.MKGQEBRQCDGNFNBEIKRQ,P[GOENBYKONQCYCKTBEKZIB.
NEKEFGRPKNBEIK[NBNT[G\K[ZBNBDGEG\BDGEG\,GRZBFM[\K\GZG\,ENEKEQNBEIKNGNC[C\.
CDCGNKQPGNKMKQNCK\FMRS\,GMGNFGCHPQFCK\,EFGGMGNFGCBZW,GSPGMKONFKG\CK\EKQ,GKGETKO
BKP\FGYCTFIE[,BCNT\F,P[IZCCK\FPYE[,BKQNGNCEGIF[C\BVKNGNCRKBZWK[ZBN.ENB
TCEKRQNF[CTFBCNKGOBIEPKFBTCEKRQ,MEBPZKRQNYPQ)TPGEC(CZCKBNTHZCZXEGY,GFGBFKF
NBIZIGZCQ,[FKFZCKXEGYBCKGCKPKZCKKGIRQCQHMBK,GCKPKZCKBNKTHZGZCKKFG[TGZCQDPNKBN
FKF,MEBPZKRQCCMGZG\)NG,B(:MNGOINYRGCKQICZNTOFBZW,GFGBFKFF[GBN.NPBQBNKCBEPBQ
YBPZTZCFEZCRQ.TKYZKGOBIEPKFBK[NG[GZ[,BCNTZCFBKQNF[GO[GZ[PQF\GZFCDCGNKQ.
62PSM\SGMF{VZYZCKTK:NGNCGTZCF
\YXKZ
NVKP[RFSGMFEDBKQPXGG\FTZCFEGIFB\F[C\BNBBOMQIN[CKTK[N
TZCF{FG[TRBZCF{C[C\.BDCEKGQCFNMFHG,PKYOTGZLFVZYCSGDKBHGGC[NG[
FSGDKG\FCBG\B\TKYZFEKGQCRGFDFTZCF,BU[FRGFDTXPGP\GBZCP[RFCFP[L
CVZY,CP[RKG\F=H.
FSGDKBVG\I\CFSCZG[NZCKKGIRQ[FTZCFEGIFB\F[C\C[CKTKMEKNVZSPF
[FKBPQF\GZF.CIKZ\FKGOFBIZGQ[NFIDNXGZLHFP\GBZ\MCIKZF[ZKZG\K\,
FRGCT\CTKYZPML[BOFKGYGCTKO[FTZCF,MPGFNGNC,EGIFB\F[C\CKGOJGC
ZB[GQEGGYBFKK\FPXGG\FTZCFRJPT\C\GLPXGG\FNGNC,GFPSZ[TZCFFKBPQ
F\GZFNBFKFRYNJ.F\NPGE[GBNNPFTZCFBKRFEGIFB\F[C\CKGOF[CKTK
CKPKRG,GPXKTMPF\[GCG\:K[BGPZKO[[CKTK[NTZCFBKRGINC[C\CKPKRG,BLK[
DOFP\MI[KONYCKTFHG.ZCKGSUJGTQ[PXGG\FTZCFFKBCHYKV\FNXEFPHCIGNMQ
BKQFKBRGFD\CKPKRGMNN,BLPGCBSKGT\RBKNTPE\GFPRGDE\[NBCKK[NVKFPXGG\
FTZCFPEBGZKK\BFKBCRJKN\F.PQFZBGK,BVGB,NKJGNTZCFDOCKPKRGM[IN[CKTK
[NTZCFC[C\,BLCCCNBKQTG[KOMQP[GOSVYBEKGPB,GBZWK[ZBNRDZZ\BIZ
CCNNTRKKQHF,M[O[FKBRDZZ\BIZCCNNTRKKQRJKN\NGNCCKGOJGCZB[GQ[IN
C[C\)CRKDGENRBPZCSGDKBFZB[GRF,"ZCF",CTRKKQHF(.NCSGU[GBNBCKKNPFTZCF
RKJN\CKPKRGZYC[CKTK,GNBC[BZKPKFID,M[NGNCRKJNCKPKRGMN[CTFHMZNPYE[.
ZCFP[KCNG[FTZCFRKJN\CMNKGODOCKPKRG,CBDEBZCT\FPKRKO.ZCHCKEP[KC
C[OZCB[TZCFBKRFRGFD\CKPKRGPMKGGQ[DOCPYE[FKBNBRFDFBNBPEZCRQ{
GM[PY[KOTN\[GCFHGNBGZECZKZCKKGIRQC\IKN\FSGDKBGPYGZRGSU,PDKFKOCECZK
ZCHCKE:FTZCFNBRFDFCDCGNKQCKPKFCK\BNBPEZCRQ,CRKDGENNGNC[PXGG\GPQ
F\GZFCKGOJGCZB[GQDOCDCGNKQ.
FEKGQ[NRGRV\IC[IHGZ\GNEG\KGFSCGMG\[NRGFDFTZCF:PTKGQCPYGZG\PKPKFCK\
F[RKTGNF[PXGG\TZCFFINFMYKGOPXGG\"GNYI\ONMOCKGOFZB[GQ...GTZCKRIN,
G[PI\ONVRKF’...[CT\KPKO")GKYZBMDP(.FTZCFFGVZEFC[NCMN[FGCKPKFCK\
P[BZFPKRKOP[\KSKCG\:)B(NVKV[GJG[NPYZBGNVKFFNMFFYEGPFBKQFTZCF
RKJN\BNBPQFRIN,CTGE[NVKRIPKFIKE=JGRFDGNYI\B\[BZFPKRKOPFZKKFGEF
GKZG[NKO.)C(FNGNC,FB\ZGDGFFESR[PZKOFKJCDOCBGGKZFV\GINP[L[CTFKPKO,
BLTZCG\P\KKC[G\NBIZKGO,GNMQFKFXGZLNIE[B\FBSVYF[NTZCG\JZKG\
CP[LKPKIGNFPGTE.
PMKGGQ[NVKV[GJG[NPYZBGFFNMFFYEGPFFKFTKYZFPXGGFFGNM\FPKRKOPPYGO
PGXBOBNFPYE[)"GNYI\ONMO"(,F\V\IG[RKJYSKORVZEKO[N"GNYI\O"{FKIKE
NYI[NG[FP\GLBZCT\FPKRKOPQFFZKOBNFPYE[CKGOFZB[GQ,GFXKCGZFGNKL
TZCG\JZKG\PRINPGXBNPYE[CMNKGOPKPKFID.BV[Z[INYPQFTZCG\FNNGRKJNG
K[KZG\TNKEKKIKEKOKIETONGNCKFO,B\ZGDKFOGFESKFO,BLYKKPGDOJYSXKCGZKNKE
FPHCICSGUF\FNGMF.CJYSHFFYKVGB\FPHCI\GLMEKRJKN\FTZCG\,GHYVGB\
FTZCG\PSCKCNPHCICMNKGOPKPKFID,GNBIZPMQRKJNGTZCG\BNGPTNFPHCI
G[KP[GB\FMGFRKOCNGNCKFO)ZBGP[RFPTKNFDH(.NVKF[IHGZFPGXTMBQ[N
FPYGZG\[FKGNVRKTGZLFP[RFC[T\TZKM\FP[RKG\F=HCVZYRGXGKQSKGOPXGG\
BZCT\FPKRKOCKGOF[CKTK[NIDCIKCGJFTZCG\[PSCKCNPHCI,BMKN\FB\ZGDKO
G[PKJ\FNGNCKOTNDCKFYZYT.PMBQFY[ZCKQIKCGJTZCG\GFG[TRBZCF.PMKGGQ
[FFYVG\GHYKV\FTZCG\NXEFPHCINBFKGMZGMG\CIKNGN[C\MN[FG,GZYIKCGJ
TZCG\FKFMZGLCIKNGN[C\,RYCT[PXGG\TZCFEGIFB\F[C\ZYCKGOF[CKTK.
BLTGZLFP[RFVKZ[PIE[B\FPYGZG\FNNG.FGBSCZ[IKCGJTZCG\TNFPHCIBG
TNFYZYTPSCKCNPHCIBKRGFGNOB\YEG[\FPYE[,GFGBRKXNB\FTGCEF[FVGTN
IC"JVKZG[GDO"FMF"GDO"F[MKC,FRKICPBGHQ"MEKNVZ[B\IKCGJFTZCG\MMVKV\
ZB[KFTZCG\GF[MC\QTNVRKFPHCINBIZHYKV\Q.VKZG[IE[HFFCKBNBK=CFKZG\
C[BN\PTPEO[NPZMKCKFPXGGFF[GRKO{F\FNGMF,FFYVG\,FHYKVF,FRJKNF
GFIKCGJ:BKNGRFDGCPYE[MN[CTFGBKNGRFDGCKGOF[CKTKCNCE,BKNGPQFKSGEG\
FNNGRFDGCTZCFCNCEGBKNGCMNFPKRKO,BKNGEGIKOB\F[C\C[CKTK[NTZCF
63 FSGDKBF[NK[K\:’TZCF’)PDT"C=PET"B(
GBKNGBKROEGIKO,BKNGPXGG\OPQF\GZFGBKNGBKROBNBPRFD,BKNGRGFDKODONBIZ
FIGZCQGMKXEPYKKPKOB\FRGFDNBIZFIGZCQNNBPHCI.
F[NEFBPGZBKFYEGO[NFSGDKBMNN[\K[KIG\[NBPGZBKO:CKQBCKKGZCKGSUGCKQ
BCKKGZCF.[\KFQTSYGCPYGZQCRGFDFTZCFCCCN[R\VSMPXGGFPEZCRQBGMPRFD,
HMZNPYE[.CPYGZFECZKO[BNBCKKB\ZCKGSUPEGTBKQJYSFTZCFRGFDCCCN
CP[LMNFID,GZCKGSUF[KCNG,CF\BONTPE\TGZLFP[RF,[PXGG\TZCFCHYKVF
NXEFPHCI,GNMQBKRFK[KPFCKPKRG.BLBCKKJTQ[PMKGGQ[FRGFD[CPYE[MNNDOB\
KSGEFRJKNF,BKQSKCF[NBNFP[KLB\FRGFDCKPKRG{MPXGGFPEZCRQBGMPRFDHMZ
NPYE[{M[O[RGJNKOB\FNGNCMN[CTFCKPKRGHMZNPYE[.ZCFF[KC[BMQ
PYKKPKOB\PXGG\RJKN\FTZCFCKPKRG,C\GLBDEBZCT\FPKRKO,GZCHCKEF[KC[BKQ
RGFDKONKJGNTZCFNIGECKPKRGP[GO[PXGG\TZCFDOCPYE[NBFKK\FBNBPEZCRQ.
TGZLPBGIZTKCEB\FIGPZFHFGIGPZBIZ[FKFNVRKGNMEKFSGDKBFRGMIK\,GFSKJ
B\PGYEFEKGQP[BN\FPTPE[NFRGFDFCCNKN[BN\EIKK\F[C\{PEGTPXGG\
TZCFEI\FB\F[C\CKPKFCK\GPEGTBKQFKBEGIFB\F[C\CKPKRG.NET\GPXGG\
TZCFFKBPEBGZKK\B,GPQFZBGK[\EIFB\F[C\DOCKPKRG,BNPNBSVYBEKGPB.
PFNLFSGDKBG\GNEG\KF
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[IHGZFBKDZ\FKGGRK\CTRKKQBZCT\FPKRKOBXNHayim Lapin, ‘‘Palm Fronds and Citrons: Notes on Two Letters
from Bar Kosiba’s Administration’’, Hebrew Union College Annual 64 (1993), pp. 116-117.\FNGMFCPYE[TO
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pp. 78, 82.K[RODOIGYZKOFSCGZKO[FPYNG\[[KP[GCIRGMFFKGthyrsoiPP[G[K[MBQF[VTFFNRKSJK\.ZBGH.
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