EXPERIMENT 2 - In this experiment, test tubes of hot water ... starting at the same point. ......
Transcript of EXPERIMENT 2 - In this experiment, test tubes of hot water ... starting at the same point. ......
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EXPERIMENT 2Huddling
a behavioural adaptation
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Emperor penguins huddles
• Emperor penguins form large huddles to keep warm. It’s a behavioural adaptation.
• Show video
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Question
• Who will cool down faster, a penguin on its own, or a penguin in a huddle?
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Experiment• In this experiment, test tubes of hot water
are grouped together as a model of penguins in a huddle.
• The decrease in temperature over time is compared to a lone test tube of hot water.
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Resources needed
• Test tubes or boiling tubes.
• Beakers (to stand the huddled test tubes in).
• Elastic bands.
• Thermometers.
• Stopwatches.
• Kettles.
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Identifying variables
• Independent: Whether the test tube is in a huddle or on its own.
• Dependent: The decrease in water temperature over time.
• Control: The same amount of water in each test tube.
• Both the huddled and lone test tubes starting at the same point.
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Method• Boil water in a kettle.
• Each group needs 8 test tubes.
• 7 test tubes are arranged into a group, with one test tube at the centre, this can be secured with an elastic band and placed in a beaker to hold it upright.
• The other is kept on its own.
• Pour equal amounts of boiling water into the test tubes and start the timers.
• Place the Thermometers into the lone test tube and the test tube at the centre of the huddle.
• Take the temperature every minute for a period of time such as 12 minutes.
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Advices• Be carefull when handling hot water
• Star the measurements of tempetarure as soon as posible after pourign the water.
• You are going to work in groups of 3. You have to be coordinated (the water is cooling rapidly):
• Student 1 measures the time.
• Student 2 measures the temperature in the lone test tube.
• Student 3 writes the results down.
• You have to repeat the process with the test tube which is at the center of the huddle.
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What is the
hazard?
How could it be
dangerous?
How will you
reduce the risk?
Hot water Causes burns Take care when
handling hot
water
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Presenting results
• These results can be presented as a line graph of time vs temperature with two data sets (one for the huddled test tube and one for the one test tube).
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Interpreting data and Conclusion
• The lone test tube cooled faster than the huddled test tube.
• Conclusion: The huddled test tube cools slower as there is a reduction in the surface area in contact with the cold air.
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Improvements
• A suggested improvement would be to repeat the experiment to get more reliable results.
• Taking the investigation further could be to increase the size of the huddle to get an additional set of data.