ET based irrigation scheduling of lettuce, broccoli, …cemonterey.ucanr.edu/files/183679.pdf ·...
Transcript of ET based irrigation scheduling of lettuce, broccoli, …cemonterey.ucanr.edu/files/183679.pdf ·...
ET‐based irrigation scheduling of lettuce, broccoli, (…and other cool season vegetables)(…and other cool season vegetables)
Investigators:Investigators:CSUMB/NASA
UC Coop. ExtensionUSDA‐ARSUSDA ARS
Comm’l cooperators:Chiquita/Fresh Express
i & A lTanimura & AntleSakata, Enza, Seminis
Sponsor:pCalif. Dept. Food Agric.
(Specialty Crop Block Grant Pgm)
Presenter: Lee Johnson, CSUMB/NASA; 650‐604‐3331
Improving irrigation efficiencyImproving irrigation efficiency
• Agronomic (conservation till, plant spacing…)Agronomic (conservation till, plant spacing…)• Engineering (reduce applic. loss, improve DU…)• Institutional (irrigation district improvements• Institutional (irrigation district improvements, water pricing, legal incentives…)
• Managerial (demand‐based scheduling RDI )• Managerial (demand‐based scheduling, RDI…)
From: Howell, T., Agron. J. 93:281‐289 (2001)
Some definitionsSome definitions
• Evapotranspiration [ET]; water consumedEvapotranspiration [ET]; water consumed (lost to atmosphere) by combined processes of soil Evaporation & plant Transpirationof soil Evaporation & plant Transpiration
• Reference ET; well‐watered grass surface ETC ffi i ET d• Crop coefficient; crop ET expressed as a proportion of reference ET
• Fractional cover; proportion of field covered by crop (vs. bare soil) as viewed from above
Project goalsProject goals
• Replicated irrigation trials for head lettuce & broccoliReplicated irrigation trials for head lettuce & broccoli during 2012, 2013
• Demo use of ET‐based irrigation scheduling, using g g, gCIMIS Reference ET data
• Evaluate any tradeoffs of water reduction vs. yield/ y yquality
CIMIS Reference ET“Salinas‐south” (#214)
0.35 Reference ET (ETo)
Salinas south (#214)
0.150.20.250.3
hes/day
Reference ET (ETo)
lettuceTrial:
00.050.1
16‐Apr 25‐Jul 2‐Novinch broccoli“Spatial” CIMIS
16 Apr 25 Jul 2 Nov2012
*Challenge: how to translate into “actionable” info?
StrategyStrategy
b l• Lettuce, broccoli• Crop establishment by sprinkler• Treatments applied by surface drip• Equal inputs other than water (ie fertilizerEqual inputs other than water (ie, fertilizer, pest control, etc.)
Drip irrigation controller Data logger
Irrigation treatmentsIrrigation treatments
CropManage model (100% ET replacement)
SIMS model (100% ET replacement)
St d d ti (150% ET l t)Standard practice (150% ET replacement)
CropManage model
*UC Cooperative Extension*web‐based tool for growers*combines weather, soil and plant‐b d fbased info
SIMS model
Landsat image of
SatelliteLandsat OLI/TM/ETM+MODIS MOD09Q1TOMS/TOVS ozone
NASA/CSUMB
gSalinas vicinity;¼ acre resolution
SIMSA di
NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data
CIMISSatellite SurfaceGOES cloud Tair, RH, cover Wind speed
Spatial CIMIS ET0
At sensor radianceLEDAPS
Surface reflectanceNDVITiling / MaskingGap‐fillingFractional cover Spatial CIMIS ET0
(OPeNDAP)
Fractional coverCrop coefficient (Kcb)
Basal crop ET (ETcb)
Web interfaceWeb services
User
Process flow crop configuration,days since planting
In‐situ or remote sensing meas.
Fractional coverRain,
Fractional cover CM
SIMS
past irrig.
CM
Crop coefficientCIMIS
Crop coefficientdaily
Crop ET
ETo
Crop ET
ET since last irrigation ET since last irrigation
assumed DU
Irrig. amt Irrig. amt
MonitoringMonitoring
NutrientSoil moisture
Fractional cover
Drainage sub‐surfaceApplied water
Lettuce trialsMay 2 – July 11, 2012A il 30 J l 8 2013April 30 – July 8, 2013
Treatments:
Standard practice
SIMS
CropManagep g
*3 tmts, 5 reps, randomized block design*total area: ~1.4 ac
/*40” bed spacing, 2 seedlines/bed, thinned to 12” interval*variety: Gabilan (2012), Telluride (2013)
Drip irrigation eventsDrip irrigation events2
2.5
es) 2012
00.51
1.5
Irrig. (inch
std.
SIMS
CM0
29‐M
ay
4‐Jun
8‐Jun
12‐Jun
17‐Jun
20‐Jun
25‐Jun
29‐Jun
3‐Jul
6‐Jul
2.5 2013
0 51
1.52
rrig. (inches) 2013
std.
SIMS
00.5
29‐M
ay
3‐Jun
7‐Jun
11‐Jun
14‐Jun
17‐Jun
20‐Jun
24‐Jun
28‐Jun
1‐Jul
2‐Jul
3‐Jul
Ir
CM
Cumulative dripCumulative drip12
)
2012
4
8
mul. irrig (in.)
std.
SIMS
CM0
29‐M
ay
4‐Jun
8‐Jun
12‐Jun
17‐Jun
20‐Jun
25‐Jun
29‐Jun
3‐Jul
6‐JulCu
CM
4
8
12
irrig
(in.)
2013
std.
SIMS
0
4
9‐May
3‐Jun
7‐Jun
11‐Jun
14‐Jun
17‐Jun
20‐Jun
24‐Jun
28‐Jun
1‐Jul
2‐Jul
3‐JulCu
mul. SIMS
CM
29 1 1 1 2 2 2
Irrigation & yield totals, Lettuce
15
20
(in.)
15
20
(in.)
2012 2013
(drip + spklr) (drip + spklr)
0
5
10
Irrigation
0
5
10
Irrigation
)
0Std SIMS CM
)
0Std SIMS CM
a a,b b a a a
10
20
ld (ton
s/ac
10
20
ld (ton
s/ac
a a,b b a a a
0Std SIMS CM
Yiel
0Std SIMS CM
Yiel
Water savings: 29% Water savings: 23%
Quality metrics
• TransportR f i ti• Refrigeration
• Packaging• Storage• Storage• Evaluation:
Flavor physiological defects decay pinking– Flavor, physiological defects, decay, pinking, vascular discoloration, browning, tip burn, chunks
–No significant difference between the standard & reduced water treatments
Courtesy Fresh Express
Broccoli trialsJuly 25‐Oct 29, 2012July 23 – Nov 4, 2013
Treatments:
Standard practice
SIMS
CropManage
Treatments:
CropManage
*3 tmts, 5 reps, randomized block design*total area: ~1.4 ac*40” bed spacing 2 seedlines/bed 5” interval*40 bed spacing, 2 seedlines/bed, 5 interval*variety: Patron
Drip irrigation eventsDrip irrigation events
1
1.5
in.)
2012
0
0.5
1
Irrigation (i
std.
SIMS
CM0
24‐Aug
28‐Aug
31‐Aug
4‐Sep
7‐Sep
11‐Sep
14‐Sep
18‐Sep
21‐Sep
24‐Sep
28‐Sep
1‐Oct
4‐Oct
7‐Oct
10‐Oct
12‐Oct
16‐Oct
19‐Oct
23‐Oct
26‐Oct
1‐Nov
1.5 2013
0.5
1
rigation (in
.)
2013
std.
SIMS
0
23‐Aug
28‐Aug
31‐Aug
4‐Sep
7‐Sep
11‐Sep
14‐Sep
18‐Sep
21‐Sep
24‐Sep
28‐Sep
1‐Oct
4‐Oct
7‐Oct
10‐Oct
12‐Oct
16‐Oct
19‐Oct
23‐Oct
26‐Oct
1‐Nov
Ir r CM
Cumulative dripCumulative drip
16
20
)
2012
4
8
12
16
mul. irrig (in.)
std.
SIMS
CM0
24‐Aug
28‐Aug
31‐Aug
4‐Sep
7‐Sep
11‐Sep
14‐Sep
18‐Sep
21‐Sep
24‐Sep
28‐Sep
1‐Oct
4‐Oct
7‐Oct
10‐Oct
12‐Oct
16‐Oct
19‐Oct
23‐Oct
26‐Oct
1‐Nov
Cu
CM
8
12
16
20
irrig
(in.)
2013
std.
SIMS
0
4
3‐Au
g
8‐Au
g
1‐Au
g
4‐Sep
7‐Sep
1‐Sep
4‐Sep
8‐Sep
1‐Sep
4‐Sep
8‐Sep
1‐Oct
4‐Oct
7‐Oct
0‐Oct
2‐Oct
6‐Oct
9‐Oct
3‐Oct
6‐Oct
1‐Nov
Cumul. SIMS
CM
23 28 31 4 7 11 14 18 21 24 28 1 4 7 10 12 16 19 23 26 1
Irrigation & yield totals, Broccoli
2012 2013
20in.)
20n.)(drip + spklr) (drip + spklr)
10
Irrigation (i
10
20
rrigation (in
0Std SIMS CM
I
0Std SIMS CM
Ir
10 10a a,b b a a a
46810
(ton
s/ac)
46810
(ton
s/ac)
02
Std SIMS CM
Yield
02
Std SIMS CM
Yield
Water savings: 30% Water savings: 34%
Summary
• ET‐based scheduling; replicated trial d d 2conducted over 2 years
• Industry‐average marketable yields realized throughout
• ET‐replacement approaches represented 23‐p pp p34% reduction in applied water
closing note about fractional coverfractional cover…
measured Fractional coverRain,
Fractional cover modeled
SIMS
past irrig.
CM
Crop coefficientCIMIS
Crop coefficientdaily
Crop ET
ETo
Crop ET
ET since last irrigation ET since last irrigation
assumed DU
Irrig. amt Irrig. amt
Satellite NDVI via SIMS
Individual fields are clearly visible at 30m resolution
SIMS Fractional coverSIMS Fractional cover
Broccoli growth, Crop Developmentground vs. satellite2013 60%
80%
100%
al cover
Crop Development
0%
20%
40%
0 50 100
Fractio
n satellite
ground
Salinas
0 50 100Days after planting
7/3‐10/9
~6 mi 7/23‐10/23
(satellite)
(ground)(ground)
Ongoing/future work
• CropManage: Cooperative Extension expanding to other cool‐season veg’s
• SIMS: Finalization of Salinas Valley datasets,SIMS: Finalization of Salinas Valley datasets, processing stream, data delivery
• Linking CropManage SIMS• Linking CropManage, SIMS
Investigators
CSUMB: L. Johnson, F. Melton, K. Post, C. Lund, G. Miller, D. Hamblin, S. Phillips, C. Rosevelt, S. Kefauver, A. Purdy, W. Brandt, I. Harlen
C i E i M C h B F T L kh L M hCooperative Extension: M. Cahn, B. Farrara, T. Lockhart, L. MurphyUSDA: F. Martin, S. Benzen, D. Lara, G. Ochoa, J. Schrandt, W. Orth
Harvest supportTanimura & Antle: D. Barsoom, S. Rossi, J. Ruiz, C. Baker
Acknowledgments
Tanimura & Antle: D. Barsoom, S. Rossi, J. Ruiz, C. BakerFreshExpress: S. Klose
Seeds donated by Sakata, Enza, & Seminisy
Sponsors: California Dept. Food & Agric. #SCB11016, additional support from NASA's Applied Sciences Program