Escaleras y Escalas

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Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineer ing Extension Service  Escaleras y escalas Subparte X 1926.1050 - 1060

Transcript of Escaleras y Escalas

  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEscaleras y escalasSubparte X1926.1050 - 1060

    Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension Service

  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceRiesgos Las escaleras y escalas son causa de muchos accidentes y muertes entre los trabajadores de la construccin

    Casi la mitad de las lesiones ocasionadas por resbalones, tropezones y cadas requieren pasar tiempo fuera del trabajo para recuperarseUso inapropiado del escaln superior de una escala doble

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceResbalones, tropezones y cadas

    Los trabajadores entrenados en seguridad en escaleras y escalas deben saber:

    Las guas y los requisitos de seguridad para las escaleras utilizadas en el sitio de construccin

    Las prcticas y los requisitos de seguridad para las escalas utilizadas en el sitio de construccin

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension Service19 pulgadasDiferencia de elevacinEscalera o EscalaNecesarias en puntos de acceso con una diferencia de elevacin de 19 pulgadas o ms

    Al menos un punto de acceso debe permanecer despejado

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEscaleras

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServicePasamanos versus RielSistema de rielPasamanos

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceFuerza de pasamanos y rielesLos pasamanos y rieles deben ser capaces de resistir una fuerza equivalente a 200 libras de peso

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceInaceptable: la escalera tiene ms de 4 escalones y no est protegida con un pasamanos (la plataforma tambin debe tener proteccin)PasamanosLas escaleras con cuatro o ms escalones, o de ms de 30 pulgadas de altura deben tener al menos un pasamanos

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceRielesLas escaleras con cuatro o ms escalones, o ms de 30 pulgadas de altura deben tener un riel a lo largo de cada costado o borde sin proteccin

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension Servicengulo uniforme entre 30 y 50 gradosUna variacin de la distancia entre escalones no mayor a de pulgada EscalerasInstalar con una inclinacin entre 30 y 50 gradosDebe tener la altura de los peraltes y profundidad de escalones uniformes, con un mximo de variacin de de pulgada

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEscaleras temporalesUtilice escaleras de chapa slo si estas estn rellenadas con material hasta por lo menos el extremo superior de cada chapaChapa

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServicePlataformaPlataformas de escalerasDeben tener una profundidad por lo menos de 30 y un ancho de 22 pulgadas y debe haber una cada 12 pies o menos de elevacinLos costados desprotegidos deben tener el sistema estndar de rieles de seguridad de 42 pulgadas

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServicePlataformas y puertas giratoriasCuando las puertas dan paso directamente a una escalera, se debe colocar una plataforma que se extienda por lo menos 20 pulgadas ms all del radio de giro de la puerta20 pulgadas

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceCondiciones peligrosasElimine las causas de resbalones antes de utilizar escaleras

    Las partes de la escalera no deben presentar partes sobresalientes que puedan causar lesiones o enganchar la ropa

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEscalas

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceRequisitos Generales para EscalasLas escalas deben ser conservadas en condiciones segurasLo que se debe hacerMantener despejada el rea alrededor de la parte superior e inferior de la escalaAsegurarse de que los escalones, soportes y escaos estn nivelados y separados uniformementeAsegurarse de que los escalones estn separados por una distancia de entre 10 y 14 pulgadasElimine cualquier riesgo de deslizamiento presente en la escala

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceRequisitos Generales para EscalasUtilice las escalas exclusivamente para el propsito para el que fueron diseadas

    y lo que NO se debe hacer No unir varias escalas para formar una escala ms alta, a menos que estn diseadas para tal usoNo utilizar escalas con un solo riel No cargar las escalas con un peso superior a aquel para el que fueron diseadas, o ms all de la capacidad estimada por el fabricante

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceAsegurando las escalasAsegure las escalas para prevenir movimientos accidentales debidos a las actividades en el rea de trabajo

    Utilice escalas solamente en superficies estables y niveladas, a menos que estn aseguradas

    No utilice escalas en superficies resbalosas a menos que estn aseguradas o posean un apoyo anti-deslizanteEsta escala no est apoyada en una superficie estable

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEscalas porttilesRevisar antes de usarla para ver si tiene grietas, abolladuras o le faltan escalones

    Disear o modificar los escalones para minimizar el deslizamiento

    Rieles laterales: deben estar separados por lo menos 11 pulgadas

    Debe soportar cuatro veces la carga mxima

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEscala con listones doblesUtilizar una escala con listones dobles (con un riel central) 2 ms escalas cuando:

    Las escalas sean la nica forma de entrar o salir de un rea de trabajo con 25 ms empleados

    La escala sea utilizada en ambas direcciones al mismo tiempo

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEscalas de madera para pintarNo pintar las escalas

    No utilizar una cobertura opaca (como barniz) en una escala de maderaInformacin de identificacin y advertencia

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension Servicengulo de la escalaEscalas que no se sostienen por s mismas (que se recuestan contra un muro o algn otro apoyo):

    Colocar en un ngulo tal que la distancia horizontal del apoyo superior al pie de la escala sea 1/4 de la distancia vertical entre ambosEscala de 20 piesEstructura de 16 pies de alto4 piesRelacin 1:4

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceExtensin de los rieles de una escalaCuando se utiliza una escala porttil para llegar a una plataforma elevada, los rieles laterales deben extenderse por lo menos 3 pies por encima de la plataforma

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceRequisitos para escaleras altas fijasEquipar las escaleras fijas de 24 pies de extensin o ms con:

    Dispositivos de seguridad para escalerasAndariveles autorretrctiles con plataformas de descanso cada 150 pies o, La jaula o el caja y las secciones mltiples de la escalera, no deben tener ms de 50 pies

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEsta es una situacin inseguraRiesgos con la electricidadSi se utilizan escalas en un rea donde el empleado podra entrar en contacto con equipo elctricamente activado, la escala debe poseer rieles de un material no conductor como madera o fibra de vidrio

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEscaln superiorNo utilizar el tope o el escaln superior de una escala doble como escaln!

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEn esta escala doble los escalones traseros estn diseados para su usoArriostramiento TransversalNo utilizar las riostras de la parte trasera de una escala doble para subir, a menos que estn diseadas para tal propsito

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceAqu falta un EscalnAveras y defectosUna persona competente debe revisar las escalas en busca de defectos visibles tales como falta de escalones o rotos

    Si se encuentra una escala defectuosa, inmediatamente mrquela como defectuosa o colquele una etiqueta que diga No Utilizar

    Retire de servicio las escalas defectuosas hasta que sean reparadas

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceSubirColocarse de frente a la escalera para subir o bajar

    Utilizar al menos una mano para sujetar la escalera al subir o bajar

    No lleve ningn objeto o carga que pueda ocasionarle una prdida de equilibrio

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEntrenamientoUna persona competente debe entrenar a los empleados en las siguientes reas, como sea aplicable:

    Naturaleza de los peligros de cada en el rea de trabajo Procedimientos correctos para el levantamiento, mantenimiento y desarmado de los sistemas de proteccin contra cadas en usoConstruccin, uso, ubicacin y cuidados adecuados en el manejo de todas las escaleras y escalasCapacidad de carga mxima estimada para las escalas

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceResumen - EscalerasComponentes fundamentales de la seguridad en escaleras Escalones

    Rieles Pasamanos Rieles Laterales Barandas

    Rellanos y plataformas

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceResumen - EscalasComponentes fundamentales de la seguridad en escalas

    Una persona competente debe inspeccionarlasUtilizar la escala apropiada para cada trabajo Utilizar el ngulo, apoyos, escalones, riostras en cruz y rieles correctosNo sobrecargar Los trabajadores deben ser entrenados para que las usen correctamente

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  • Harwood Grant 46F1-HT06 - Texas Engineering Extension ServiceEscaleras y escalas(fin)

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    *1926 Subpart X - Stairways and Ladders

    This presentation is designed to assist trainers conducting OSHA 10-hour Construction Industry outreach training for workers. Since workers are the target audience, this presentation emphasizes hazard identification, avoidance, and control not standards. No attempt has been made to treat the topic exhaustively. It is essential that trainers tailor their presentations to the needs and understanding of their audience.

    This presentation is not a substitute for any of the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 or for any standards issued by the U.S. Department of Labor. Mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Department of Labor.

    This material was translated under Susan B. Harwood grant number 46F1-HT06 awarded to the Texas Engineering Extension Service, OSHA Training Institute Southwest Education Center from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Este material fue traducido bajo nmero 46F1-HT06 de la concesin de Susan B. Harwood concedido a Texas Engineering Extension Service, OSHA Training Institute Southwest Education Center del Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor. No refleja necesariamente las vistas o las polticas del U.S. Department of Labor, ni menciona los nombres comerciales, productos comerciales, o las organizaciones implican el endoso por el gobierno de Estados Unidos. *Reference OSHA Publication 3124, Stairways and Ladders**Reference 1926.1051(a)

    This is true unless a ramp, runway, embankment, or personnel hoist is provided.

    Point of access - All areas used by employees for work-related passage from one area or level to another. *Handrail - A rail used to provide employees with a handhold for support.

    Stairrail system - A vertical barrier erected along the unprotected sides and edges of a stairway to prevent employees from falling to lower levels. *Reference 1926.1052(c)(5)

    Handrails and the top rails of the stairrail systems must be capable of withstanding, without failure, at least 200 pounds of weight applied within 2 inches of the top edge in any downward or outward direction, at any point along the top edge. *Reference 1926.1052(c)

    Handrails must provide an adequate handhold for employees to grasp to prevent falls. Temporary handrails must have a minimum clearance of 3 between the handrail and walls, stairrail system and other objects. OSHA has specific height requirements for handrails. Check the standard to ensure these are met during installation of handrails, stairrails and guardrails *Reference 1926.1052(c)

    All stairways of 4 steps or more must have a handrail. If there is a fall hazard of 6 feet or more on an exposed side of the stairs, then a stairrail system must be provided to prevent workers from falling off the side.

    *Reference 1926.1052(a)(3) and (a)(2)

    *Reference 1926.1052(b)(1)

    Temporary Service Stairway - A stairway where permanent treads and/or landings are to be filled in at a later date. The pans are are just concrete forms that are filled with concrete after the stairs have been set in place.

    Secure metal pan landings and metal pan treads in place before filling.

    Relpace all treads and landings when worn below the top edge of the pan.

    Workers may not use spiral stairways that will not be a permanent part of the structure.

    *Reference 1926.1052(a)(1) and (b)

    Stairway landings 6 feet or more above the surrounding area need to be provided with a guardrail system along the exposed perimeters of the landing *Reference 1926.1052(a)(4)

    Remember that a guardrail system may also be needed on a platform with a swinging door to protect from potential falls of 6 feet or more.

    *Reference 1926.1052(a)(7) and (a)(6)

    In addition to the components of a stair system, it is important to address other potentially dangerous conditions such as slippery stairs, rails or landings due to weather conditions or the composition of the stair material (e.g. smooth, metal surfaces).

    *Reference 1926.1053(a) and (b)*Reference 1926.1053(a) and (b)*Reference 1926.1053(b)(8), (b)(6), (b)(7), and (b)(1)

    Ladders placed in areas such as passage-ways, doorways, or driveways, or where they can be displaced by workplace activities or traffic must be secured to prevent accidental movement, or a barricade must be used to keep traffic or activities away from the ladder. *Reference 1926.1053(b)(15), (b)(6)(ii) and 1926.1053(a)(4)(ii)

    See the OSHA web site at:www.osha.gov/SLTC/construction_ecat/falls/4ladders.html

    Portable Ladder: a ladder that can be readily moved or carried.

    Ladder rungs, cleats, and steps must be parallel, level and uniformly spaced.

    The rungs and steps of portable metal ladders must be corrugated, knurled, dimpled, coated with skid-resistant material or treated to minimize slipping.

    *Reference 1926.1051(a)(2)

    Double-cleat Ladder -A ladder with a center rail to allow simultaneous two-way traffic for employees ascending or descending.

    When there is only one point of access between levels, it must be kept clear to permit free passage by workers. If free passage becomes restricted, a second point of access must be provided and used.

    *Reference 1926.1053(a)(12)

    Wood ladders must not be coated with any opaque covering, except identification or warning labels on one face only of a side rail. *Reference 1926.1053(b)(5)

    Working length of ladder Distance along the ladder between the foot and top support*Reference 1926.1053(b)(1)

    When portable ladders are used for access to an upper landing surface, the side rails must extend at least 3 feet above the upper landing surface. When such an extension is not possible, the ladder must be secured, and a grasping device such as a grab rail must be provided to assist workers in mounting and dismounting the ladder. A ladder extension must not deflect under a load that would cause the ladder to slip off its support.

    *Reference 1926.1053(a)(18) and (a)(19)

    Fixed Ladder: a ladder that cannot be readily moved or carried because it is an integral part of a building or structure.

    In using a cage or well, ladder sections must be offset from adjacent sections, and landing platforms must be provided at maximum intervals of 50 feet

    Use a fixed ladder at a pitch no greater than 90 degrees horizontal measurement from the back of the ladder.

    A fixed ladder must be able to support at least 2 loads of 250 pounds each, concentrated between any two consecutive attachments. It must also support added anticipated loads caused by ice buildup, winds, rigging and impact loads resulting from using ladder safety devices.

    *Reference 1926.1053(b)(12)

    *Reference 1926.1053(b)(13)

    *Reference 1926.1053(b)(14)

    A metal spreader or locking device must be provided on each stepladder to hold the front and back sections in an open position when the ladder is being used.

    *Reference 1926.1053(b)(16)

    Ladders must be inspected on a periodic basis and after any incident that could affect their safe use.

    Ladder components must be surfaced to prevent injury from punctures or lacerations and prevent snagging of clothing.

    *Reference 1926.1053(b)(20),(21),(22)

    *Reference 1926.1060(a)

    Retraining - Employers must retrain each employee as necessary to maintain the understanding and knowledge acquired through compliance with the standard. **