Prof. Dr. Abou Bakr A. Ramadan Nuclear and Radiological Regulatory Authority (NRRA)

3 Ahmed El Zomor St., Nasr City, P.O. Box 7551, Cairo, Egypt

Phone: +202 44860160 Fax: +202 2740238

Handy: +20122 346 8077

ramadan58@yahoo.com

Vienna 17-21 May 2016

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

“ Interface between Radiological and Non-

Radiological Assessments”

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم

Chronology of the Egyptian Nuclear Safety

Regulations : The establishment of a competent regulatory body in 1982

Egypt (Nuclear Regulatory and Safety Committee).

1991: Based on the Decree of the President No. 47, the

NCNSRC was established.

2006: the Presidential Decree no. 152 (ESAC) for control of

NMs & Executive Ministerial Decrees No.(419,420 and 421)

for implementation procedure.

2007: the Strategic Decision for the peaceful electricity by

NPPs

March 29 ratified by the President in 7 By the Law No. :2010

2010 An independent “ Nuclear and Radiological

Regulatory Authority (NRRA)” was established …

2011 : The code of practice was issued (26 Oct.)

Full independence of NRRA :2012

Board Chairman Vice chairman

Nuclear Facilities Sector

Radiological Facilities Sector

Nuclear Safeguards & Security Sector

Nuclear Safety Institute

Management system Head

Site Security

Medical center

Quality Assurance system

Engineering affairs Rad. Network, Labs. , Emergency

A Structure of NRRA

A Structure of NRRA (Nuclear Safety Institute)

Chairman

)NRRA)

Regulations & Nuclear Emergency Division

Radiation Control Division

Safety of Nuclear Installations Division

Vice-Chairman

Nuclear Law & Licensing Dept. Safeguards & Phy. Protection Dpt Quality Assurance Dept.

Radiological Safety Dept. Site & Environmental Dept. Radiation Protection Dept.

Engineering Safety Dept. Operation & Human Factor Dept. Fuel Cycle’s Safety Dept.

Central Lab. For

Radiation

Measurements

Radiation

Monitoring

Network

Licensing unit for radioactive sources & Emergency room

The Main Duties of NRRA

1. Reviewing and Assessment of the Safety Reports of Nuclear

and Radiation Facilities.

2. Conducting Regulatory Inspection for Nuclear and Radiation

Activities.

3. Carrying out Safeguard Inspection for Nuclear Materials.

4. Issuing Licensing, Permit Authorization or Approval for

Personnel or Facility or Procedure, or Safety Document.

5. Developing Regulations, Rules and Procedures Related to

Nuclear and Radiation Safety Issues.

6. Control of Transportation of Radioactive Materials on-Land or

in the Suez - Canal.

7. Conducting Research in Areas relevant to Nuclear and

Radiation Safety.

The Environmental Impact Assessment Process

Major steps in the EIA process are:

Screening

Initial Environmental Examination (IEE)

Scoping

Full-Scale Assessment

EIA Review and Decision Making

Monitoring and Follow-Up

Typical Proposals Requiring Full-Scale EIA

NPP and Research reactors projects

Large-scale industrial activities

Resource extractive industries and activities

Waste management and disposal

Screening (does the project

require EIA?)

Scoping (what issues and

impacts should the EIA address?)

Baseline studies (establish

the environmental baseline)

Alternatives (consider the

different approaches)

Mitigation (what can be done to

alleviate negative impacts?)

EIS preparation/review (document the EIA findings)

Public consultation (consult general public and NGOs)

Monitoring (monitor impacts

of project)

Impact prediction (forecast

the environmental impacts)

Impact assessment (interpreting the impacts)

Impact assessment

Impact assessment involves evaluating the significance of the impacts identified

Significance can be determined through professional judgement, reference to regulations etc.

Potential for bias in determining what is significant

The conclusions of the impact assessment can ultimately be used by decision-makers when determining the fate of the project application

Impact Assessment

Assessment proceeds in stages for:

site selection

project design

construction phase

operational phase

mitigation measures

cost-benefit analysis

Separated Responsibilities of ENRRA in EIA

Plant Description

Plant features, Plant reactor and Steam Electric System

Radiological impact from routine operation

Exposures pathways

Dose rates estimates for man and biota

Fundamentals of Nuclear Safety including:

• Management of reactivity,

• Fuel cooling,

• Localization, of radioactive waste, control of operational

releases and limitation of accident releases

Ambient Radioactivity

The ambient radiological conditions at the site and within

the local and regional study areas. Information on the

existing conditions in this regard, including an inventory of

sources, their activity levels, and their origin (natural or

anthropogenic), for all environmental media including air,

soil, food, water, aquatic sediments, plant and animal.

Radiological Conditions

For all phases of the project, any changes to radiation and

radioactivity present in the terrestrial and aquatic

environment, the atmosphere, and to workers and members

or nearby communities

Radioactive Waste Management

Radioactive waste management program will be

implemented at the new NPP. This program includes the

following:

keeping the generation of radioactive waste to the

practicable minimum by using suitable technology;

• reusing and recycling materials to the extent possible;

• collecting, characterizing and storing radioactive waste

so that it is acceptably safe

classifying and segregating waste appropriately

handling and transporting radioactive waste safely

Separated Responsibilities of EA in EIA

Climate, Weather Conditions and Air Quality

The climate conditions at the site, local and regional study

areas. The description of seasonal variations in weather

conditions within the above-noted study areas, to allow the

assessment of effects on the project

Noise and Vibrations

The predicted effects of any change in noise or vibrations levels on

terrestrial and aquatic species and on workers and nearby residents and

communities. The methods used to monitor noise and vibration levels.

The ambient noise levels at the site and in the local study areas, and

include information on its source(s).

Emissions into Air and Discharges into the Water

● The diesel motors used for emergency power supply

and possible heating boilers will be the main sources of

non-radioactive pollutants released into the air from new

NPP.

Socio-Economic Conditions

The general socio-economic conditions at the local and

regional study areas. Information on the functioning and

health of the socio-economic environment Population and

community distribution and density in the Regional Study

Area

.Land Use and Value

land use in the local and regional study areas. Identify past,

Current and planned land use(s) of the study areas or

beyond,

that may be impacted by the project

Land Based Transportation

The existing conditions of the proposed modes and routes

of transportation (e.g. provincial highways, arterial

highways, on-site access roads, etc.)

Navigable Waters

Identification of any navigation use or issues along the Sea, Water

Canals or any other water bodies that may be affected by the project.

Human Health

The current health profiles of the communities likely to be affected by

the project

Physical and Cultural Heritage Resources

The identification of any terrestrial and aquatic areas containing

features of historical, archaeological, paleontological, architectural or

cultural importance. A description of the nature of the features located

in those areas.

Non-Radioactive Waste

● Waste Generated During the Construction

There are different construction stages: earthwork,

construction of unit(s), installation works, etc. No

radioactive waste will be generated during the

construction of a new NPP

Amalgamation and overlaps of responsibilities

between EA and ENRRA

1. Geology and Geomorphology

The descriptions of the bedrock and Quaternary/surficial

geology, geomorphology (including coastal processes),

topography, petrology, geochemistry and geomechanics

for the region and the area the Project. The structural

geology, such as fractures and faults, at the site and within

the local and regional study areas. Geotechnical properties

of the overburden including shear strength and

liquefaction potential.

2. Alternatives to the Project

An analysis of alternatives to the project must describe

functionally different ways to meet the project’s need and

achieve the project’s purpose. This section must therefore

identify and discuss other technically and economically

feasible methods of producing electricity other than the

construction and operation of the NPP. The criteria used to

determine the technical and economic feasibility of the

alternatives to the NPP.

Investigated Alternative Sites

3. Surface Water

Description of surface water quality, hydrology and

sediment quality at the site, local and regional study

areas. This include delineation of drainage basins at the

appropriate scales and hydrological data such as water

levels and flow rates collected over the years.

4. Groundwater

This section includes hydrogeology at the site, local and

regional study areas. Identification of all hydrogeologic

features such as aquitards, physical and geochemical

properties of water-bearing formations and their

interaction with surface waters.

Seawater and sediments samples locations

5. Terrestrial Environment

The terrestrial species at the site and within the local and

regional study areas, including flora, fauna and their

habitat. Any wildlife corridors and physical barriers to

movement that exist within the project area. Any biological

species of natural conservation status

6. Aquatic Environment

The aquatic and wetland species at the site and within the

local and regional study areas, including a description of

the flora, fauna and their habitat. Any available information

on aquatic species and habitat for the local and regional

study areas.

7. Accidents and Malfunctions

For the purposes of the assessment, accidents and

malfunctions may be separated into three categories and

defined as follows:

Nuclear accidents, directly involving the nuclear reactor

such as serious damage to the reactor core;

Conventional accidents, consisting of all other accidents

and malfunctions resulting in chemical or radiological

releases.

7. Accidents and Malfunctions

Radiological releases are those that are not

directly involved the reactor core and may

include nuclear accidents such as out of reactor

criticality events associated with nuclear fuel.

Malevolent acts, consisting of those physical

initiating events or forces (e.g., fires, explosions,

punctures, aircraft crashes) that could result from

potential sabotage or terrorist scenarios

8. Decommissioning

This process will generate the radioactive and

non-radioactive waste of various physical states

(solid, liquid, chemical and radiological

properties). The proposed decommissioning

procedures and methods reviews by EA and

ENRRA

9. Risk Assessment

• Hazard identification, inventory analysis, dam

break probability, Natural Hazard Probability etc.

• Maximum Credible Accident )MCA) analysis

• Consequence analysis of failures and accidents

resulting in fire, explosion, hazardous releases

and dam breaks etc.

• Hazard & Operability )HAZOP) studies.

• Disaster Management Plan

10. Environmental Protection Plan

Description of the environmental protection plan and the

environmental management system. The plan must provide

an overall perspective on how potentially adverse

environmental effects will be managed over time. The

information of environmental protection policies, programs,

procedures and detailed monitoring plan for several

parameters.

11. EIA Audit

EIA audits are a management tool to:

Determine impacts

Check that conditions arising from EIA are being met

Test accuracy of EIA predictions

Identify areas where EIA could have been improved

Compile lessons learned for future EIAs

Thanks