Environmental Assessment and Management Master Programs

in Japan

Nishikizawa, Shigeo and Harashina, SachihikoTokyo Institute of Technology

Two EAM final seminar Graz, Sep. 23, 2010

Outline of Presentation

EAM master programs in Japan OverviewThe EAM master program at Tokyo Tech

2

Current situation of Japanese EA

Opinions of students

3

Current situation of Japanese EA

EnvironmentalAssessment

in JAPAN

ODA and Domestic EA performance in Japan

・ EA is applied to only huge projects・ SEA provision is not established under the EA act

4

Domestic: EA system is not so advanced

ODA: EA regulation is advanced ・ New JICA (since 2008): GL amendment, 2010 ・ Advanced system for environmental and social consideration Application of SEA, More advanced transparency Advisory Committee for Reviewing

EA applications in Japan

599 00 01 02 03 04 05 060

20406080

100120

14 27 17 6 6 10 14 13

89 6653

49 46 50 58 43

Law Local Ordi.

In foreign countries 　　 USA NEPA 30,000 ～ 50,000 * including under SEPA: 　　 60,000 ～80,000 　　 China 30,000 　　 Taiwan 3,000 　　 UK 1,000

(per year)

year

EA applications in Japan

Japan 　 under EIA act

20 under Local ordi.

50

6

Road HighwayOrdinary

10km(4 lane) or more20km(2 lane) or more

Dam100ha or more

Railway Super expressConventional

10km or more10km or more

Landfill 　 30ha or more

EA is only applied for huge projects“Concise EA” is not established

Why are there few numbers of EA in Japan?

－ Overview －

7

EAM Master programs in Japan

Env. Management Master programs in Japanese Universities

Various type of the Environmental Management master programs are provided:

Interdisciplinary concept: natural and social sciences

None of “Assessment program” is provided

c.f. The University of Tokyo: Department of Environment

Systems, 　　　 Graduate School of Frontier Sciences Osaka University: 　　　 Department of Sustainable Energy

and 　 Environmental

Engineering, 　　　 Graduate School of Engineering

8

EA courses in Japanese Universities94 courses are provided in 87 universities 11% of all Japanese universities (773) Only 8 universities have them in Master

programs

Based on the survey of JEAS, 2009

The 8 Master programs 2 programs are partially related to EAM Hitotsubashi University ( Based on

Sociology ) Meiji University ( Based on

Law ) 　 6 programs are related to EAMThe Open University of Japan, 1994-2009 provided 3 courses consecutively 9

Interdisciplinary: Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) Dep. of Environmental Science and Technology, 1998 Kyoto University Dep. of Global Environmental Studies, 2002 Civil Engineering: Iwate University Dep. of Civil and Environmental

Engineering Meisei University Dep. of Environmental System Social Science and Humanities: Tokyo Metropolitan University ( Based on Geography ) Tokyo City University ( Based on Information

Studies )

Three types of 6 EAM master programs

10

11

－ The EAM master program at Tokyo Tech －

EAM Master programs in Japan

Master programs in Japanese Universities

Required period of master program Standard period is 2 years 1 year master program is limitedly provided

for the Integrated Doctoral Education

Program

Emphasis of the education On master’s thesis rather than coursework c.f. 30 credits ----- 22 credits : coursework 8 credits : seminar

(thesis)

Jobs after graduation are diverse and some are not so close to the concept of the department

　　　　　　　　　　　　

12

Environmental Planning & Policy

Material & Energy

Curriculum at the Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Tokyo Tech

✓ Advanced Urban Environment

Water Environment✓Advanced Environmental 　 Hydraulics

✓Material Cycle Analysis

✓ Environmental Turbulence

Urban Environment

✓Participatory Planning

✓ Consensus Building in Environmental Planning

✓ Open Channel Hydraulics

✓ Urban & Built Environmental Engineering

✓ Watershed Hydrology

✓ Radiation and the Environment

✓ Structural Materials

✓ Process Safety 　 Management✓Advanced Environmental Policy Study

＊ Environmental Impact Assessment＊ Foundation of EnvironmentalScience and Technology ＊ Compulsory

Subjects

13

14

Environmental Planning and Policy Unit― 　 Highlight: 4 courses 　―　

✓ Consensus Building in Environmental Planning, Prof. Harashina

✓Advanced Environmental Policy Study Government Officers at Ministry of Environment

✓Participatory Planning, Assoc. Prof. Nishikizawa　　　　　　　　　　　　

•Environmental Impact Assessment (compulsory subject) Prof. Harashina, Nishikizawa and others

Keywords: consensus building, dispute resolution, mediation

Keywords: planning administration, environmental regulation, global environmental issues etc

Keywords: public participation methodology, conference design, facilitation

Outline of EA coursein master program at Tokyo Tech

Class. 1: Sustainable DevelopmentClass. 2: What is EA?Class. 3: ScreeningClass. 4: ScopingClass. 5:Public participation & communicationClass. 6-10:Impact prediction: air, water, landscape, animal, waste Class.11:EvaluationClass.12: Legal framework & case study: JapanClass.13:SEAClass.14:Capacity Development for EAClass.15: SIA for International Cooperation

15

～　 2010 spring semester 　 ～

16

Opinions of studentsA Questionnaire Survey

to students who took the EA course in the master program at Tokyo

Tech., spring semester, 2010

17

①Better understanding of the　 General EA

④Spreading perspective of the　 Env. problems

⑤Getting mindset of Env. experts

⑥Enhancing the expertise of 　 the environmental problems

⑦Contribution to own research⑧Getting interest in EA

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

②Better understanding of the　 laws & procedures in EA

③Better understanding of the　 Technical aspects in EA

(N=51, 2010 survey)

somewhateffectiveeffective don’t know somewhat

ineffective ineffective

Q1: Effects of learning the EA course

18

①Technical aspects in EA

④Variety of evaluation items in EA

②EA laws & procedures 　

③Case studies

Q2What should be taught in EA course?

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%(N=51, 2010 survey)

should be somewhat increase

should beincrease relevant should be

decreaseshould besomewhat decrease

19

Yes46%

20%Somewhat

Yes

15%Don’t know

SomewhatNo

12%

No7%

(N=41)

Q 3Should it be taught compulsorily?

Examples of opinions: Yes or somewhat YesFundamental knowledge as an environmental engineer/problem

EA is related with multiple fields …etc

Examples of opinions: no or somewhat NoIt is not directly related to research of an engineering work.

Compulsion lowers motivation …etc

20

Q 4Questions related to job search

③want to take an internship at EA-related companies

0% 25% 50% 75% 100%

②usefulness of the EA course after obtaining a job

①want to get the EA-related job after the end of a master course

Somewhat YesYes Don’t know NoSomewhat No

21

Have you learned about EAat undergraduate?

Don’t know4%(2)

Q 5Experience of learning EA

during the undergraduate program

Yes33%(17)

No63%(32)

Lecture14

Thesis, Self-learning,

etcOthers

7

How did you learn?

22

ReferencesHarashina , Sachihiko: Environmental Assessment Related Higher Education in Japan: An overview, TwoEA-M project seminar in Seoul, 2009Nishikizawa , Shigeo: Environmental Assessment Related Higher Education in Japan: What are the main sources/ references for teaching?, TwoEA-M project seminar in Seoul, 2009 ー > See: Two-EAM HP -> Events -> conference in Seoul http://www.twoeam-eu.net/Japan Environment Assessment Society(JEAS), JEAS news autumn, no.124, 2009 (in Japanese)The Open University of Japan http://www.u-air.ac.jp/eng/figures.html