English Grammar-BasicEnglish Grammar-Basic

Elsa ChenElsa Chen 陳士瑤陳士瑤

Spring 2011Spring 2011Hours: 3 (weekly)Hours: 3 (weekly)Tuesday: 13:10 – 15:00 pmTuesday: 13:10 – 15:00 pmFriday: 11:10 – 12:00 pmFriday: 11:10 – 12:00 pm

Chapter 1 (Word Order)Chapter 1 (Word Order)

1.1. Smuggling illegal immigrants out of Mexico _____ against the law. Smuggling illegal immigrants out of Mexico _____ against the law.

(be)(be)

2.2. The country's first general election since it won independence _____ The country's first general election since it won independence _____

to be held next months (be)to be held next months (be)

3.3. The only people who are interested in the book _____ to be lawyers The only people who are interested in the book _____ to be lawyers

(seem)(seem)

4.4. The view of the manufacturing and tourist industries _____ that the The view of the manufacturing and tourist industries _____ that the

economy is improving (be)economy is improving (be)

5.5. An early analysis of the results _____that the Socialists have won. An early analysis of the results _____that the Socialists have won.

(show)(show)

6.6. Reliance only on written tests of English to measure language ability Reliance only on written tests of English to measure language ability

_____ to be a cheap option (appear)_____ to be a cheap option (appear)

Chapter 1 (Word Order)2Chapter 1 (Word Order)2The new premises we plan to occupy in Camford are now beingThe new premises we plan to occupy in Camford are now being

built. The outskirts of this city is an ideal site for a company likebuilt. The outskirts of this city is an ideal site for a company like

ours. R and D are an important part of our work, and next year fiftyours. R and D are an important part of our work, and next year fifty

per cent of our budget are to be spent on our Camford center. Someper cent of our budget are to be spent on our Camford center. Some

of our staff in the US are being asked to relocate, and eventuallyof our staff in the US are being asked to relocate, and eventually

around ten per cent of our US workforce are to move to Britain.around ten per cent of our US workforce are to move to Britain.

However, the majority of our new employees is to be recruitedHowever, the majority of our new employees is to be recruited

locally, and we think that the local community are going to benefitlocally, and we think that the local community are going to benefit

enormously from this development. A number of business leadersenormously from this development. A number of business leaders

and the local Member of Parliament is being invited to a meetingand the local Member of Parliament is being invited to a meeting

next week. Unfortunately, neither the Company President nor thenext week. Unfortunately, neither the Company President nor the

Managing Director of Macroworth is available to address thatManaging Director of Macroworth is available to address that

meeting, but I and other senior managers am to attendmeeting, but I and other senior managers am to attend..

Chapter 2 (Adjectives and adverbs)Chapter 2 (Adjectives and adverbs) Jane has been doing the same job for a very long time. Every Jane has been doing the same job for a very long time. Every

day she does exactly the same thing again and again. She day she does exactly the same thing again and again. She doesn’t enjoy her job any more and would like to do something doesn’t enjoy her job any more and would like to do something different.different. Jane’s job is boring.Jane’s job is boring. Jane is bored (with her job).Jane is bored (with her job).

Compare adjectives ending in Compare adjectives ending in -ing -ing and and -ed-ed::

boringboring

My job is interestingMy job is interesting

tiringtiring

satisfyingsatisfying

depressing. etc.depressing. etc.

Chapter 2 (Adjectives and adverbs)2Chapter 2 (Adjectives and adverbs)2

I am I am boredbored with my job. with my job.

I am not I am not interestedinterested in my job in my job

any more.any more.

I get very I get very tiredtired doing my job. doing my job.

I’m not I’m not satisfiedsatisfied with my job. with my job.

My job makes me My job makes me

depresseddepressed. etc.. etc.

Other adjectives:Other adjectives:• amusing / amusedamusing / amused• confusing / confusedconfusing / confused• exhausting /exhausted exhausting /exhausted • annoying / annoyedannoying / annoyed• disgusting / disgusteddisgusting / disgusted• interesting / interestedinteresting / interested• exciting /excitedexciting /excited• surprising / surprisedsurprising / surprised

Modifies or describesa verb, an adjective,or another adverb.

Modifies or describesa verb, an adjective,or another adverb.

Answers the questions:Answers the questions:

How?How?He ran quickly.He ran quickly.

She left yesterday.She left yesterday. When?When?

We went there.We went there.Where?Where?

It was too hot!It was too hot! To what degree or how much?To what degree or how much?

Ch 3: Making Comparisons Ch 3: Making Comparisons Comparisons: using the same (as), similar (to),… Comparisons: using the same (as), similar (to),… Comparisons: using like and alikeComparisons: using like and alike The comparative: using -er and moreThe comparative: using -er and more The superlative: using -est and mostThe superlative: using -est and most Using one of + superlative + plural nounUsing one of + superlative + plural noun Using butUsing but Using verbs after butUsing verbs after but Making comparisons with adverbsMaking comparisons with adverbs

(a) The boots and shoes are size 11.(a) The boots and shoes are size 11. The boots are The boots are as large as as large as the shoes. the shoes.

(b) The chef cuts the onion (b) The chef cuts the onion as finely asas finely as he can. he can.

as + adjective + as

as + adverb + as

AsAs……asas parts are equal or sameparts are equal or same

Chapter 4 (Preposition)Chapter 4 (Preposition)

Ch 5: Adjective ClauseCh 5: Adjective Clause

Adjective clauses: introductionAdjective clauses: introduction Using who and whom in adjective ...Using who and whom in adjective ... Using who, who(m), and that in adjective ... Using who, who(m), and that in adjective ... Using which and that in adjective clausesUsing which and that in adjective clauses Singular and plural verbs in adjective … Singular and plural verbs in adjective … Using prepositions in adjective clausesUsing prepositions in adjective clauses Using whose in adjective clausesUsing whose in adjective clauses

(a) I have a terrific friend.

adjective + noun

(b) I have a thoughtful friend.

adjective + noun

adjective modifies noun

11-10 CPITALIZATION

12-1 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES: INTRODUCTION

(c) I have a friend who is always cheerful.noun + adjective clause

adjective clause modifies noun

11-10 CPITALIZATION

(d) I have a friend who is a doctor.noun + adjective clause

11-10 CPITALIZATION

(e) I have a friend who lives next door.noun + adjective clause

two sentences one sentencetwo sentences one sentence who

Jonah is in my English class.He is an excellent student.

Jonah who is an excellent student is in my English class.

Mary is an artist.She is very talented.

Mary who is very talented is an artist.

The vendors whom we see are working in the floating market.

Ø

We see the vendors.They are working in the floating market.

two sentences one sentence

The girl is friendly.

The girl who has the phone is friendly.

The girl that has the phone is friendly

samemeaning