Energy, Power, and Climate Change 8.2 World Energy Sources We can divide all of the world's energy...
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Energy, Power, and Climate Change 8.2 World Energy Sources We can divide all of the world's energy sources into two groups: sun-derived, and non-sun-derived. SOURCE 1: SUN-DERIVED The following hierarchy of energy sources shows how the sun is the ultimate source of much of our energy: Sun-Derived Energy Sources Fuels Non-fuels Coal Oil Gas Wood Biomass Solar Energy Hydroelectric Wind Wave Photovoltaic FYI: Fuels are indirect sources of energy - they must be "burned" to produce useable energy. FYI: Non-fuels are direct sources of energy - they can be used immediately as useable energy. FYI: The energy from both fuels and non-fuels is usually converted (via one or more stages) into the final form of energy (for instance, electricity). Don't forget that each conversion entails a certain percentage of the original energy lost. Recall the Sankey diagrams.
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Transcript of Energy, Power, and Climate Change 8.2 World Energy Sources We can divide all of the world's energy...
Energy, Power, and Climate Change8.2 World Energy Sources
We can divide all of the world's energy sources into two groups: sun-derived, and non-sun-derived.
SOURCE 1: SUN-DERIVEDThe following hierarchy of energy sources shows how the sun is the ultimate source of much of our energy:
Sun-Derived Energy Sources
Fuels Non-fuels
CoalOilGasWoodBiomass
Solar EnergyHydroelectricWindWavePhotovoltaic
FYI: Fuels are indirect sources of energy - they must be "burned" to produce useable energy.
FYI: Non-fuels are direct sources of energy - they can be used immediately as useable energy.
FYI: The energy from both fuels and non-fuels is usually converted (via one or more stages) into the final form of energy (for instance, electricity). Don't forget that each conversion entails a certain percentage of the original energy lost. Recall the Sankey diagrams.
Energy, Power, and Climate Change8.2 World Energy Sources
We can divide all of the world's energy sources into two groups: sun-derived, and non-sun-derived.
SOURCE 2: NON-SUN-DERIVEDThere are not many energy sources that do not come in some way from the sun's radiant energy.
Non-Sun-Derived Energy Sources
Fuels Non-fuels
HydrogenUranium
TidalGeothermal
FYI: Chemical fuels that are non-sun-derived include rocket fuel and oxidizer, MRE heating packets, and other chemically-activated heating units (for example, first aid cooling packs).
Chemical Chemical
FYI: Chemical non-fuels that are non-sun-derived include fuel cells, where hydrogen and oxygen are combined to produce electricity directly.
Energy, Power, and Climate Change8.2 World Energy Sources
Most of our energy comes from fuels. Here is the energy yield of various fuels:Fuel Fuel Type Energy Density (MJ/kg)
Protons Nuclear 300,000,000
Uranium-235 Nuclear 90,000,000
Petrol Fossil 46.9
Diesel Fossil 45.8
Biodiesel Fossil 42.2
Crude Oil Fossil 41.9
Coal Fossil 32.5
Sugar Fossil 17.0
Wood Fossil 17.0
Cow Dung Fossil 15.5
Household Waste Fossil 10.0
FYI: We have been working on FUSION reactors for years, but have still not perfected them to the point of being able to use them on a commercial basis.
FYI: We have had working FISSION reactors for years, and have thousands of them currently on commercial lines.
Energy, Power, and Climate Change8.2 World Energy Sources
WORLDWIDE CONSUMPTION OF ENERGY
SOURCE OF ENERGY
POWER 1012 watts
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0OIL - 38%
GAS - 23%
COAL - 26%
HYDROELECTRIC - 6%
NUCLEAR - 6%
ALL OTHERS - 1%
THE FOSSIL FUELS87%
Energy, Power, and Climate Change8.2 World Energy Sources
RENEWABLE SOURCES OF ENERGY (PERCENTS)
SOURCE OF ENERGY
POWER 1012 watts
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
SOLAR - 44%
GEOTHERMAL
- 17%
BIOFUELS
- 12%
WIND
- 27%
The buzzword among the greenies is renewable sources of energy - which are inexhaustible sources of energy.
FYI: Don't forget, these energy sources are part of the "all others - 1%" from the previous slide. There is obviously room for contribution from the renewables, but the question remains - how significant can these ever become in the grand energy picture?
OIL
GA
S
CO
AL
HYDROELECTRIC
NU
CLE
AR
ALL
OT
HE
RS
Energy, Power, and Climate Change8.2 World Energy Sources
Electricity is such a convenient energy form (for both usage and transportation), we should also look at the worldwide sources of electrical energy:
39
197
17
16 2
COAL
GAS
OIL
NUCLEAR
HYDROELECTRIC
OTHER
WORLDWIDE SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY (PERCENTS)
FOSSIL FUELS
65%
FOSSIL FUELS
65%
