ELŐADÁS KIVONAT CLASSROOM LECTURE · PDF fileAz előadás címe / Title of...

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TÁMOP-4.1.1.C-13/1/KONV-2014-0001 projekt Biological Research Centre Address: H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62. Mail: H-6701 Szeged, POB 521. www.brc.hu „Az élettudományi-klinikai felsőoktatás gyakorlatorientált és hallgatóbarát korszerűsítése a vidéki képzőhelyek nemzetközi versenyképességének erősítésére” program keretében finanszírozott ELŐADÁS KIVONAT CLASSROOM LECTURE HANDOUT financed by the program „Practice-oriented, student-friendly modernization of the biomedical education for strengthening the international competitiveness of the rural Hungarian universities” Dátum / Date: 2016. NOVEMBER 23. / NOVEMBER 23, 2016 Helyszín / Place: MTA SZBK BIOFIZIKAI INTÉZET, TANÁCSTEREM / LECTURE ROOM, INST. OF BIOPHYSICS, BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTRE SZEGED, TEMESVÁRI KRT. 62. Az előadás címe / Title of the presentation: BIOMEDICAL POTENTIAL OF CYANOBACTERIA AND ALGAE Előadó / Speaker: ISTVÁN-ZOLTÁN VASS

Transcript of ELŐADÁS KIVONAT CLASSROOM LECTURE · PDF fileAz előadás címe / Title of...

Page 1: ELŐADÁS KIVONAT CLASSROOM LECTURE · PDF fileAz előadás címe / Title of the presentation: BIOMEDICAL POTENTIAL OF CYANOBACTERIA AND ... Biotechnological importance Biomedical

TÁMOP-4.1.1.C-13/1/KONV-2014-0001 projekt

Biological Research Centre Address: H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62. Mail: H-6701 Szeged, POB 521. www.brc.hu

„Az élettudományi-klinikai felsőoktatás gyakorlatorientált és hallgatóbarát korszerűsítése a vidéki képzőhelyek nemzetközi versenyképességének erősítésére”

program keretében finanszírozott

ELŐADÁS KIVONAT

CLASSROOM LECTURE HANDOUT

financed by the program

„Practice-oriented, student-friendly modernization of the biomedical education for strengthening the international competitiveness of the rural Hungarian universities”

Dátum / Date:

2016. NOVEMBER 23. / NOVEMBER 23, 2016

Helyszín / Place:

MTA SZBK BIOFIZIKAI INTÉZET, TANÁCSTEREM / LECTURE ROOM, INST. OF BIOPHYSICS, BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH CENTRE

SZEGED, TEMESVÁRI KRT. 62.

Az előadás címe / Title of the presentation:

BIOMEDICAL POTENTIAL OF CYANOBACTERIA AND ALGAE

Előadó / Speaker:

ISTVÁN-ZOLTÁN VASS

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Biomedical potential of cyanobacteria and algae

István-Zoltán VassInstitute of Plant Biology

November 23, 2016

„Practice-oriented, student-friendly modernization of the biomedical education for strengthening the international competitiveness of the rural Hungarian universities”TÁMOP-4.1.1.C-13/1/KONV-2014-0001

Cyanobacteria and algae are oxygenic photosynthetic organisms

CyanobacteriaGeneral informationBiotechnological importanceBiomedical potential

AlgaeGeneral informationBiotechnological importanceBiomedical potential

Importance of photosynthesis

Based on the representative slide of Ghada Ajlani

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Cyanobacteria

Oxygen producing photosynthetic bacteriaAncestor of plastidsHabitant of extreme environments

(terrestial, freshwater, marine and hypersaline environments)Unicellular, Filamentous Nitrogen fixationMany strains genetically accessibleGenetic modification

Unicellular model organisms

Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 Synechococcus sp. PCC7942

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Filamentous

Anabaena sp. PCC7120 Spirulina platensis

Biotechnical application

- Bioremediation (Chromium, Lindane, Radioactive Cesium)

- Biosensors

- Nitrogenous fertilizers

- Biological production of hydrogen and polyesters

- Edible cyanobacteria

-Nutritional benefits of cyanobacteria

- Basic research

- Medicinal drugs

Biosensor

Whole cell reporter organisms

Recombinant bioluminescent bacterial sensors

Bacterial resistance mechanisms against metal or metalloid cations

(Nickel, Cobalt, Zinc)

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Nitrogenousn fertilizers

Cell diferenciation

N2 Fixation

5-10% of all cells

Unable to divide again

FtsZ is dowregulated( controlled at a post-transcriptional level)

The DnaA protein, which is the initiator of DNA replication, is downregulated in heterocysts.

Heterocyts

http://foodtank.com/news/2014/02/cyanobacterial-bio-fertilizer-natures-own-solution-for-improved-soil-fertil

http://agritech.tnau.ac.in/org_farm/orgfarm_biofertilizertechnology.html

- Environmental friendly, no CO2 emission, renewable- Produced by several cyanobacteria- Nitrogenase in heterocyst

16 ATP + 16 H2O + N2 + 10 H+ + 8e- → 16 ADP + 16 Pi + 2 NH4+ + H2

Potential Hydrogen production

• Produced by cyanobacteria→ degradable• Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)

Polyester

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03918.x/abstract

HO OH

CH3 O

n

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• Protein: ~50-65 %• Lipids: ~4-7 %, γ-linolenic acid (→ arachidonic acid, prostaglandins)• Carbohydrates ~15-20%• Polysaccharides : „Immulina”: immunostimulating polysaccharides• Vitamins: β-carotin (vitamin A)

vitamin B12 (more than in liver)vitamin E (comparable with wheat germ)

• Minerals ~3-7 %: Fe, Ca, Mg, K

Edible cyanobacteria

Nutrition benefit

Human food and animal feed

http://www.maxwellsci.com/print/ajfst/v6-303-307.pdf

Spirulina

http://www.algaeindustrymagazine.com/special-report-spirulina-part-2-first-human-consumption-and-cultivation/

http://www.auroville.org/contents/114

http://www.smartmicrofarms.com/PDF.cfm/EarthFoodSpirulina.pdf

Biomedical potential of cyanobacteria

Modell organismRestriction enzymes (AflII, AflIII, AvaI, AvaII, AvrII, FspI, NspI)Phycobilins used as dyes in immuno assays

Research

http://www.bdbiosciences.com/research/multicolor/spectrumguide/index.jsp

http://www.mobitec.de/probes/docs/sections/0604.pdf

http://www.lifetechnologies.com/hu/en/home/references/molecular-probes-the-handbook/ultrasensitive-detection-technology/phycobiliproteins.html

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Secondary metabolites

Hundreds of secondary metabolites were reported from cyanobacteria

Function ?Adaptation to extreme environmentAdvance in competition with other organismsStress defense

Polyketide synthase (PKS)ketosynthase, Acyltransferase, ketoreductase, Dehydratase, Enoyl reductase and Acyl carrier protein domains

Non-ribosomal polypeptide synthetase (NRPS)Aminoacid-activating adenylation, Pepetidyl carrier and Condensation domain

Hybrid PKS - NRPS structure

Hectochlorin – antiproliferative activities againts melanomaantifungal activity againts Candida albicans

Kalkitoxin – potential candidate for development of neuroprotective drugs

Lyngbyabellins – cytotoxic and antifungal

Apratoxin – cytotoxic

Calcium spirulina (Ca-SP) (Spirulina platensis) – Sulfated polysaccharidantiviral (HIV-1, Herpes simplex, influenza-A etc)

Cyanovirin-N (Nostoc ellipsosporum) --- antiviral (interaction with the viral surface envelope glycoproteins )

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/mmdb/mmdbsrv.cgi?uid=19594http://mcl1.ncifcrf.gov/wlo_pubs/177.pdf

Calothrixins – drug development (Malaria, Cancer)

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Others (Lipids, pigment molecules)

Phycobiliproteins - phycobilinsanticancerhepatoprotectiveanti-inflammatorycholesterol reducing

Chlorophylls – food additive

Chlorophyll a

Structure was drawn using MarvinSketch http://www.chemaxon.com/marvin/sketch/index.php

Scytonemin – UVA sunscreen

Photolyase – flavoenzyme - photochemoprevention

Mycosporin-like amino acids (MAAs) – Porphyra 334 – UVA protection

Porphyra-334

Dolastatin analogs: cemadotin and TZT-1027 - evaulated in phase II clinical trials – treatment advanced solid tumors

Dolastatin 15

Structure was drawn using MarvinSketch http://www.chemaxon.com/marvin/sketch/index.php

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Cryptophycins

Anti-cancer

advenced ovarian cancer

– tumor cells could develop multiple drug resistance (MDR) – active on MDR cells

Curacin A – potent antimitotic, anticancer agent(affect tubulin polymerization)

Immunomodulation

Anti-inflammation

Antiallergenic

Antimitotic

Anticancer

Neuroprotection

http://www.elmatkft.hu/galeria/index.php

AlgaeOxygen producing photosynthetic eukaryotesPlastidsOccur in most habitatsUnicellular, Filamentous Some strains genetically accessibleGenetic modification

http://botany.si.edu/projects/algae/economicuses.htmhttp://www.algaebase.org/

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

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Biotechnical application- Fertilizers

- Energy source

Biofuel production

- Pollution control

Capture fertilizers, Algae scrubber, Sewagetreatment

- Nutrition

http://www.noahhealth.org/chlorella-can-help-make-better-breast-milk/#mpo

http://chlorella.bolt.hu/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nori

http://www.seaweed.ie/aquaculture/noricultivation.php

- Basic research

- Medicinal drug development

Vaccine production

Transmission blocking vaccine: Malaria – Pfs25 production C. reinhardtii

Biomedical potential of algae

http://schaechter.asmblog.org/schaechter/2012/07/fishing-with-algae-for-malaria-vaccines.html

Polysaccharide based biomaterials

tissue regenerationcell immobilizationdrug delivery

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Red algae

Carrageenans (sulfated galactants) interact with proteins (casein in milk)bind heavy metals – clean contaminated waterIndustrial application (emulsifier, gelling, stabilizing agentclassification: kappa (k), iota (i), lambda (l)

Agar: generic name for seaweed galactantsbulking agent, laxatives, suppositories, capsules, tablets, anticoagulants

k- Carregenan: antioxdant, protection from viral, fungal and bacterial infectionimmobilization of enzymesencapsulation of cells for their in vivo delivery

Structure was drawn using MarvinSketch http://www.chemaxon.com/marvin/sketch/index.php

Green algae

More complex and diverse chemistryantioxidantchelate metalsantiproliferative, antitumoralimmunostimulatingantiviral

Research: drug deliverywound dressingbone tissue engineering

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Brown algae

Fucoidanantioxidant, anti-aging, skin protectantIndustrial application:

Cosmetics: acne treatment, hair hydration, tooth pasteFood: dietetic fibers, cholesterol reducer, sports beverage

Biopharmaceutical: antiviral, immunological, anticoagulant, drug delivery, nano materials, tissue engineering

Linear polysaccharides (linked mannuronic and guluronic acid residues)

Oral delivery of bioactive peptides

Therapeutic cell entrapment gel beads as entrapment devices for transplantation of insulin producing cells

Dental impression materialsComponent of product that prevents gastric reflux (Gaviscon)Treatment epidermal and dermal woundsImmunogenic properties

Alginate

Structure was drawn using MarvinSketch http://www.chemaxon.com/marvin/sketch/index.php

Lectins or agglutinins

Carbohydrate-binding proteins

detection of diseases (alteration of glycan synthesis)cell markers for diagnostic purposeenhancing penetration of drugsanti-inflammatoryantinociceptiveantiviralanticancer

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Mycosporin-like amino acids MAAs

Sun care products

Halogenated compounds

Polyhalogenated monoterpenes – antimicrobial, antitubercular, anticancer

Palythinol

Palythinol, Palythene, Asterina-330, Shinorine

CarotenoidsProvitamin A, Photoprotection, Skin protection

Astaxanthin – lower risk of cancer

Lutein – inhibit lipid peroxidation - prevent senile dementia

b-carotene – preventing cancer, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease

Bioactive phenols

Phlorotannins

anti-diabeticanti-cancerantioxidantpotential anti-HIVanti-agingmatrix metalloproteinase inhibitionangiotensin I converting enzyme inhibition

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Lipids

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

2D struture of g-linolenic acid

g-linolenic acid – skin, immune systemlinoleic, linolenic acid – prostaglandin synthesis, skin hyperplasiaArachidonic acid – vasoconstrictiveDocosahexaenoic acid – anti-inflammatoryEicosapentaenoic acid – antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory

Structure was drawn using MarvinSketch http://www.chemaxon.com/marvin/sketch/index.php

PerspectivesCompounds isolated from cyanobacteria and algae have extraordinary

chemical diversity, often showing unprecedented chemical structure and displayinteresting biological activity.

They could be a valuable treasure to create new therapeutic agents, sinceconstant need exists for new biomaterials that are biocompatible, efficient and safe.

However the mechanism how they exert their effect needs to be explored,even often the active compounds wait for identification.

Unfortunately after the isolation of the bioactive agents is a long process tobecome consumable nutrition or drug.

There is a high demand for continuous search for these agents and fordetailed studies of their way of action.

Abed R.M.M. et al. 2009 Journal of Applied Microbiology 106: 1-12Belay A. 2002 The Journal of the American Nutraceutical Association 5: 27-48Berardesca E. et al. 2012 Molecular Medicine Reports 5: 570-574Botos I and Wlodawer A. 2003 Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 60: 277-287Domonkos I. et al. 2013 Progress in Lipid Research 52: 539-561Dubey S.K. et al. 2011 African Journal of Biotechnology 10: 1125-1132Eggen M. and Georg G.I. 2002 Medicinal Research Reviews 22: 85-101El-Bestavy E.A. et al. 2007 International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation 59: 180-192Eriksen N.T. 2008 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 80: 1-14 Kannan V. et al. 2010 International Journal of Environmental Sciences 2: 2360-2366Kiss E. et al. 2009 Journal of Biotechnology 142: 31-7Lyra C. et al. 2000 Journal of Applied Microbiology 89: 979-991Mishima T. et al. 1998 Clinical and Experimental Metastasis 16: 541-550Nagarajan M. et al. 2012 Journal of Applied Toxicology 33: 313-349Quintana N. et al. 2011 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 91: 471-490Rickards R.W. et al. 1999 Tetrahedron 55: 13513-13520Rohr J. 2006 ACS Chemical Biology 1: 747-750Sasaki H. et al. 2013 Microbes and Environments 28: 466-469Shimizu Y. 2003 Current Opinion in Microbiology 6: 236-243Tan L.T. 2006 Journal of Coastal Development 9: 129-136Torres A. et al. 2006 Photochemical and Photobiological Science 5:432-435

References

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Bae M-J. et al. 2013 J Sci Food Agric 93: 3133-3136Cardozo K.H.M. et al. 2007 Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 146: 60-78d’ Ayala G.G. et al. 2008 Molecules 13: 2069-2106,de Jesus Raposo M.F. et al. 2013 Life Sciences 93: 479-486de Jesus Raposo M.F. et al. 2013 Marine Drugs 11:233-252Draget K.I. and Taylor C. Food Hydrocolloids 25: 251-256Gregory J.A. et al. 2012 Plos ONE 7(5): e37179Griesbeck C. et al. 2006 Molecular Biotechnology 34: 213-223Hayashi L. and Reis R.P. 2012 Brazilian Journal of Pharmacognosy 22: 748-752Kehr J-C. et al. 2011 Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7: 1622-1635Kharkwal H. et al. 2012 Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 5: 1-4Miyazawa T. et al. 2013 Journal of Oleo Science 62: 873-881Peca L. et al. 2008 FEMS Microbiol Lett 289: 258-264 Schmid D. et al. 2004 Cosmetics and Toiletries Manufacture Worldwide 139-143Shanmugam M. and Mody K.H. 2000 Current Science 79: 1672-1683Silva T.H. et al. 2012 Biomatter 2: 278-289Singh R.S. et al. 2013 Critical Reviews in Microbiology DOI: 10.3109/1040841X2013.798780Thomas N.V. and Kim S-K. 2011 Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 32: 325-335Ulery B.D. et al. 2011 Journal of Polymer Science Part B 49: 832-864

References

Péter B. KósCsaba I. Nagy

Bettina [email protected]

BRC, HASH-6726 SzegedTemesvári krt. 62.Hungary

Thank you for your attention!

This work is supported by the European Union, co-financed by the European Social Fund, within the framework of " Practice-

oriented, student-friendly modernization of the biomedical education for strengthening the international

competitiveness of the rural Hungarian universities " TÁMOP-4.1.1.C-13/1/KONV-2014-0001 project.