Electronics and Electrical Circuit (電子電路 )

Yu-Chi Lai 賴祐吉E-Mail: cheeryuchi@gmail.com

Webpage: http://dgmm.pc-lab.csie.ntust.edu.tw/?ac1=faculty&id=508effcf55c45

Office: E1-222-3Office Hour: Mon, 9:00AM ~ 11:00AM or by appointment

盧又豪Office: E1-201-6

Administrations

• Web page: http://dgmm.pc-lab.csie.ntust.edu.tw/?ac1=courdetail_CG2012F&id=5095e1e682b47

• Slides and assignments are online

• Thomas L. Floyd. Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices, and Applications, 8th ed, Prentice Hall, Inc., 2010(高立圖書代理 )

Grading (approximate)

• 45% in 3 Quizes

• 40% in 4 Projects.

• 15% class participation.

• Everyone must write up their own project

Projects & Special Task

• There will be three projects for the course– Project 1: Wheatstone bridge

– Project 2: Series RCL time response

– Project 3: Common-emitter circuit

– Project 4: Next Page

• You must submit all three in order to pass the course– This rule has never been waived

• You must write everything in C or C++.

• Project Due on Monday.

• TA will check whether you have copied the code from others’ .

Project 4

• What is in this world about computer aid design in electronics?• Steps

– Pick up a professor from VLSI group in NTU EE (http://www.ee.ntu.edu.tw/member.php?group=ICS_grp)

– Pick up one of his research topics.

• Report consists of three parts– Find 3 research works in that topics and write an introduction of the work – One for

a page in 12 in font, single column and single space

– Find 3 company in that topics and write an introduction about the company’s work in that field – One for a page in 12 in font, single column and single space

– Find 3 job position in that topics and write an introduction about the company’s work in that field – One for a page in 12 in font, single column and single space

09/16/2010 © 2010 NTUST

Rules

• You must write your own project.

• You must participate the class to get the 15% points

• You cannot copy codes from your classmates and your friends who took this class before.– If I find out, you will fail the class and face the penalty from school.

• The notes are in English.

09/16/2010 © 2010 NTUST

Why You are Here?

• The reason to choose this department– Because you love programming?

– Because you love computer?

– Because you want to get a good job?

– Because you did not get into electronics?

– Because your parent want you be here?

– Others

• Better to find out what you really want– Programming? CSIE

– Hardware? EE and Electronics

– Others Design, architecture, management…

• Programming, Programming and Programming!!!

09/16/2010 © 2010 NTUST

Progress of the Class

• First part – Yu-Chi Lai on Fundamental Circuitry.– Two quizes, two projects

• Second part – Industrial instructor on Electronics– One quizes, one projects

• Third part – You, report on CAD research, 10~15 minutes.– Project 4

• Very large and very small numbers are represented with scientific and engineering notation. Why??

47,000,000 = 4.7 x 107 (Scientific Notation)

= 47 x 106 (Engineering Notation)

Scientific and Engineering Notation

0.000 027 = 2.7 x 10-5 (Scientific Notation)

= 27 x 10-6 (Engineering Notation)

0.605 = 6.05 x 10-1 (Scientific Notation)

= 605 x 10-3 (Engineering Notation)

Scientific and Engineering Notation

• Most scientific calculators can be placed in a mode that will automatically convert any decimal number entered into scientific notation or engineering notation.

Metric Conversions• Numbers in scientific notation can be entered in a scientific calculator using the EE key.

Metric Conversions

length mass

time

electric current

temperature

luminous intensity

amount of substance

meter

kilogram

second

ampere

Kelvin

candela

mole

m

kg

s

A

K

cd

mol

Quantity Unit Symbol

SI Funamdental Units

currentcharge

voltage

resistance

power

ampere

coulomb

volt

ohm

watt

A

C

V

W

• Except for current, all electrical and magnetic units are derived from the fundamental units. Current is a fundamental unit.

Quantity Unit Symbol

Some Important Electrical Units

peta

tera

giga

mega

kilo

1015

1012

109

106

103

P

T

G

M

k

• Can you name the prefixes and their meaning?

Engineering Metric Prefixes

10-3

10-6

10-9

10-12

10-15

milli

micro

nano

pico

femto

m

n

p

f

• Can you name the prefixes and their meaning?

Engineering Metric Prefixes

• When converting from a larger unit to a smaller unit, move the decimal point to the right. Remember, a smaller unit means the number must be larger.

0.47 M = 470 k

Larger number

Smaller unit

Metric Conversions

• When converting from a smaller unit to a larger unit, move the decimal point to the left. Remember, a larger unit means the number must be smaller.

10,000 pF = 0.01 F

Smaller number

Larger unit

Metric Conversions

• When adding or subtracting numbers with a metric prefix, convert them to the same prefix first.

10,000 + 22 k =

10,000 + 22,000 = 32,000

Alternatively,

10 k + 22 k = 32 k

Metric Arithmetic

• When adding or subtracting numbers with a metric prefix, convert them to the same prefix first.

200 + 1.0 mA =

200 A + 1,000 A = 12,000 A

Alternatively,

0.200 m + 1.0 mA = 1.2 mA

Metric Arithmetic

• Experimental uncertainty is part of all measurements. Error is the difference between the true or best accepted value and the measured value. Accuracy is an indication of the range of error in a measurement.

Error}

Precision is a measure of repeatability.

Precise, but not accurate.

Error, Accuracy and Precision

• When reporting a measured value, one uncertain digit may be retained but other uncertain digits should be discarded. Normally this is the same number of digits as in the original measurement.

Assume two measured quantities are 10.54 and 3.92. If the larger is divided by the smaller, the answer is 2.69 becausethe answer has the same uncertainty as the original measurement.

Significant Digits

More Examples on board about the precision

• Rules for determining if a reported digit is significant are:

1. Nonzero digits are always considered to be significant.

2. Zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are never significant.

3. Zeros between nonzero digits are always significant.

4. Zeros to the right of the decimal point for a decimal number are significant.

5. Zeros to the left of the decimal point with a whole number may or may not be significant depending on the measurement.

Significant Digits

1. If the digit dropped is greater than 5, increase the last retained digit by 1.

2. If the digit dropped is less than 5, do not change the last retained digit.

3. If the digit dropped is 5, increase the last retained digit if it makes it even, otherwise do not. This is called the "round-to-even" rule.

• Rounding is the process of discarding meaningless digits. Rules for rounding are:

Rounding Numbers

Programming with C about rounding

• Do not work alone, or when you are drowsy.• Do not wear conductive jewelry.• Know the potential hazards of the equipment you are working

on; check equipment and power cords frequently.• Avoid all contact with energized circuits; even low voltage

circuits.• Maintain a clean workspace.• Know the location of power shutoff and fire extinguishers.• Don’t have food or drinks in the laboratory or work area.

• Safety is always a concern with electrical circuits. Knowing the rules and maintaining a safe environment is everyone’s job. A few important safety suggestions are:

Electrical Safety

Engineering notation

Exponent

Metric prefix

Power of ten

A system for representing any number as a one-, two-, or three-digit number times a power of ten with an exponent that is a multiple of three.

The number to which a base is raised.

A symbol that is used to replace the power of ten in numbers expressed in scientific or engineering notation.

A numerical representation consisting of a base of 10 and an exponent; the number 10 raised to a power.

Key Terms

Scientific notation

Accuracy

Precision

Significant digit

An indication of the range of error in a measurement.

A measure of the repeatability (consistency) of a series of measurements.

A digit known to be correct in a number.

A system for representing any number as a number between 1 and 10 times a power of ten.

Key Terms

1. A number written as 2.59 x 107 is said to be in

a. scientific notation

b. engineering notation

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Quiz

2. The electrical unit that is fundamental is the

a. volt

b. ohm

c. coulomb

d. ampere

Quiz

3. In scientific notation, the number 0.000 56 is written

a. 5.6 x 104

b. 5.6 x 10-4

c. 56 x 10-5

d. 560 x 10-6

Quiz

4. In engineering notation, the number 0.000 56 is written

a. 5.6 x 104

b. 5.6 x 10-4

c. 56 x 10-5

d. 560 x 10-6

Quiz

5. The metric prefix nano means

a. 10-3

b. 10-6

c. 10-9

d. 10-12

Quiz

6. The metric prefix pico means

a. 10-3

b. 10-6

c. 10-9

d. 10-12

Quiz

7. The number 2700 MW can be written

a. 2.7 TW

b. 2.7 GW

c. 2.7 kW

d. 2.7 mW

Quiz

8. The value 68 k is equal to

a. 6.8 x 104

b. 68, 000

c. 0.068 M

d. All of the above

Quiz

9. The sum of 330 mW + 1.5 W is

a. 331.5 mW

b. 3.35 W

c. 1.533 W

d. 1.83 W

Quiz

10. Precision is a measurement of

a. the total error in a series of measurements

b. the consistency of a series of measurements

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Quiz

Answers:

1. a

2. d

3. b

4. d

5. c

6. d

7. b

8. d

9. d

10. b

Quiz