Electricidad Basica FTL
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Transcript of Electricidad Basica FTL
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5A4867C;8=4A2>A?>A0C8>=20?028C028>= 0 ?0B> 0DC>34C4A
4;42CA82830310B820)C46 'C
4bcP d]XSPS bT SXbT _PaP bTa dbPSP _^a)
?4AB>=0; C42=82>
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?4AB>=0; 34 >5828=0
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SDF-007
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1XT]eT]XS^
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Page 1
?RZUdYf_ 4bcP d]XSPS Tb [P R^]cX]dPRX] ST 4[TRcaXRXSPS 1ubXRP Tb [P
cUWe^TQ U^ \Q cUbYU TU SeQdb_ 4] T[[P RdQaXaT\^b
UedbQ\YjQb
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;P UdTaiP ST PcaPRRX] T[TRca^bcucXRP _dTST T[X\X]PabT Su]
S^[T P [^b T[TRca^]Tb d] [dVPa _PaP SXbX_PabT
HP bTP a^RXPa [P a^_P R^] a^R^ P]cXTbcucXR^ R^\TaRXP[
^ QXT] c^RPa d] _XRP_^acTh ?05
4[ \^eX\XT]c^ ^ STbRPaVP ST [^b T[TRca^]Tb edT[eT T[ ^QYTc^
P d]P R^]SXRX] T[|RcaXRP\T]cT ]TdcaP BX] T[TRca^]Tb
PRd\d[PS^b [P PcaPRRX] bT WP T[X\X]PS^ WP bXS^ ]Td
caP[XiPSP
;P PcaPRRX] T[TRca^bcucXRP ]^ STQT R^]Ud]SXabT R^] T[
\PV]TcXb\^ _dTb b^] S^b U^a\Pb SXUTaT]cTb ST
PcaPRRX] ;P PcaPRRX] T[TRca^bcucXRP _dTST PUTRcPa P
RPbX RdP[`dXTa \PcTaXP[* _Ta^ [P PcaPRRX] \PV]|cXRP
PUTRcP b^[P\T]cT P RXTac^b \TcP[Tb
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Page 2
=QW^UdYc]_
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;^b RXT]cUXR^b c^SPeP STbRXUaP] [^b \XbcTaX^b ST[ \PV]TcXb
\^ ;P cT^aP PRcdP[ Tb `dT [^b X\P]Tb bT U^a\P] _^a T[ P[X
]TP\XT]c^ ST aQXcPb ST T[TRca^]Tb ]^ P_PaTPS^bbdb _T
`dTbX\Pb UdTaiPb \PV]|cXRPb bT bd\P] WPbcP U^a\Pa T[
X\u] h T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ ETP T[ Bd_[T\T]c^
Imanes 4] VT]TaP[ WPh S^b cX_^b ST X\P]Tb)@Ub]Q^U^dUc
5\USdb_Y]Q^Uc
@Ub]Q^U^dUc) gVT]^ TbP PaT]P ]TVaP T] [P cT[P
Tb_TRXP[ _PaP [XYPa*
1\^YS_ `dT R^\QX]P 1\d\X]X^ >Y`dT[ h 3_QP[c^ R^]
WXTaa^
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Polos: C^ S^b [^b X\P]Tb cXT]T] S^b _^[^b) D] _^[^ =^acT = h d]_^[^ Bda B `dT P_d]cP] P[ ?^[^ =^acT h P[ ?^[^ Bda ST [P
cXTaaP
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4]caT [^b S^b _^[^b `dTSP T[ uaTP T] `dT TgXbcT [P UdTaiP
\PV]|cXRP `dT Tb [^ `dT bT [[P\P RP\_^) 2P\_^ _bdU
Q Ceb
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Page 5
6eUbjQ TU
QdbQSSY^
0\Q^b _aX]RX_X^b bT dbP] RdP]S^ bT `dXTaT PcaPTa ^ aT_T[Ta
P[V^ WTRW^ ST d] \PcTaXP[ `dT Tb PUTRcPS^ _^a d] RP\_^
\PV]|cXR^ ^ _^a ^caP R[PbT ST X\u]
6eUbjQ TU
bU`U\U^SYQ
C^ \T\^b [^b \Xb\^b X\P]Tb _Ta^ TbcP eTi eP\^b P _TVPa T[
X\u] 2 P[ _P_T[ h P[ ^ca^ 1 [^ STYPaT\^b VXaPa b^QaT d] TYT
B_dQSY^
T- 2 Q 4[ 8\u] 0 eP P VXaPa @d| _^[^ ST[ 8\u] 0 eP PTbcPa \ub RTaRP ST[ _^[^ = ST[ 8\u] 1. NNNNNNNN
T- 3 Q 4[ 8\u] 1 VXa b^QaT T[ TYT _^a`dT NNNNNNA) 3^b _^[^b TbcPQP] PcaPh|]S^bTB) 3^b _^[^b TbcPQP] aT_T[X|]S^bTC) 0\QPb aTb_dTbcPb [P 1 h [P 21dbQSSY^ _
BU`e\cY^
ETP\^b ^caP bXcdPRX])
0`d cT]T\^b [^b \Xb\^b X\P]Tb ST[ TYTaRXRX^ P]cTaX^a
_Ta^ TbcP eTi Tbcu] RPaP P RPaP [^b _^[^b = h ]^ [Tb
VdbcP CT]SaP\^b `dT STcT]Ta T[ 8\u] 0 _PaP TeXcPa
`dT bT \^eXTaP
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T- 4 Q BX b^[cP\^b T[ X\u] 1 [P UdTaiP STNNNNNNNNNeP PWPRTa `dT TbcT NNNNNNNNb^QaT T[ TYT
A) 0caPRRX] bT \P]cT]VP `dXTc^B) AT_d[bX] VXaT C) 1Tc^eT c P bPQTa
T- 5 Q BX T[ X\u] 0 VXaP Rdu[ ST bdb _^[^b eP P PRTaRPabT\ub P[ _^[^ = ST[ X\u] 2. NNNNNNNN
A) BdaB) =^acTC) 1Tc^eT c P bPQTaD) BT_PD_bcY^ D_baeU 7T\^b eXbc^ P`d R^\^ T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ WP RPdbPS^ `dT
T[ X\u] VXaT WP SPS^ [P VeUbjQ TU b_dQSY^ T] ^caPb
_P[PQaPb WP _a^SdRXS^ d_baeU
4U 5^UbWQ
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3T \^S^ `dT dbP]S^ RP\_^b \PV]|cXR^b _^ST\^b RaTPa )
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9^TeSSY^
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BX bT R^[^RP d] ^QYTc^ WTRW^ ST WXTaa^ ^ PRTa^ Sd[RT ST]ca^ ST
d] RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ Tbc^ eP P RPdbPa `dT T[ ^QYTc^ bT
\PV]TcXRTbT WPau d] X\u] cT\_^aP[ 4bc^ bT [[P\P
Y^TeSSY^ ]QW^}dYSQ _dTbc^ `dT X]SdRT ^ RPdbP `dT P[V^
bT edT[eP \PV]|cXR^
=QW^UdYc]_
bUcYTeQ\
4] cT^aP [Pb _PacRd[Pb \PV]|cXRPb ^ [^b uc^\^b ST \TcP[ bT
RP\QXP] ST d]P _^bXRX] P[ PiPa P d]P P[X]TPSP [^ RdP[
_a^SdRT T[ TUTRc^ \PV]|cXR^ 2dP]S^ T[ ^QYTc^ bT `dXcP ST[
RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ bT `dTSP \PV]TcXiPS^ _^a d] R^ac^
cXT\_^ 4bc^ bT [[P\P ]QW^UdYc]_ bUcYTeQ\ R^\^ `dXT]
SXRT `dT b^QaP 4[ \PV]TcXb\^ aTbXSdP[ Tb S|QX[ h
STbP_PaTRT _a^]c^ [Pb _PacRd[Pb ^ uc^\^b edT[eT] P
_^]TabT T] bdb _^bXRX^]Tb P[ PiPa
@eUTU XQSUbcU
`Ub]Q^U^dU
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]QW^}dYS_ R^\^ WXTaa^ T]SdaTRXS^ ^ d]P P[TPRX] R^]
]`dT[ _dTST e^[eTabT X\u] `Ub]Q^U^dU _Ta^ T[ RP\_^ `dT
[^ X]SdRT cXT]T `dT bTa UdTacT
E^_ cU feU\fU T_c
=vc WbQ^TU - ]vc
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T}RY\
JD] STcP[[T X]cTaTbP]cT
BX bT _PacT d] X\u] T] ePaX^b _TSPi^b RPSP d]^ bT
edT[eT d] X\u] R^\_[Tc^ R^] _^[^b =^acT h Bda* _Ta^
R^] RP\_^b \PV]|cXR^b \ub S|QX[Tb `dT T[ ST[ X\u]
\ub VaP]ST ^aXVX]P[ 3T\^S^ `dT RdP]c^ \ub VaP]ST
Tb T[ X\u] \ub UdTacT Tb T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^L
N S
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Page 8
B
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0 ;P PcaPRRX] \PV]|cXRP Tb SXUTaT]cT `dT [P PcaPRRX]
T[TRca^bcucXRP
1 7Ph S^b cX_^b ST X\P]Tb)
?Ta\P]T]cTb* [^b `dT bXT\_aT cXT]T] _a^_XTSPSTb
\PV]|cXRPb h
! CT\_^aP[Tb* [^b `dT cXT]T] _a^_XTSPSTb \PV]|cXRPb
b^[P\T]cT QPY^ RXaRd]bcP]RXPb Tb_TRXP[Tb
2 2dPca^ \TcP[Tb h bdb P[TPRX^]Tb b^] X\P]Tb ]PcdaP[Tb)
7XTaa^ 5T " 2^QP[c^ 2^
! =X`dT[ =X # 6PS^[X]X^ 6S
3 2PSP X\u] _a^SdRT d] RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^* d]P aTVX] ST
X]U[dT]RXP \^bcaPS^ R^\^ []TPb ST UdTaiP ^ ST U[dY^
\PV]|cXR^
4 D]P []TP ST U[dY^\PV]|cXR^ U^a\P d] RXaRdXc^ R^\_[Tc^*
RXTaaP d] RaRd[^
5 2PSP X\u] cXT]T S^b _^[^b)
?^[^ =^acT* S^]ST [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ \PV]|cXR^ bT
P[TYP] ST[ X\u] h
! ?^[^ Bda* S^]ST [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ \PV]|cXR^ T]caP]
P[ X\u]
6 2dP]S^ [^b RP\_^b\PV]|cXR^b ST S^b X\P]Tb bT PRTaRP]
bX _TacT]TRT] P _^[^b XVdP[Tb Bda h Bda bT aT_T[T] h bX b^]
ST _^[^b ^_dTbc^b =^acT h Bda bT PcaPT]
7 ;^b RP\_^b \PV]|cXR^b _dTST] dbPabT _PaP _a^SdRXa
\^RX] \TRu]XRP* hP bTP \^RX] [X]TP[ ^ \^RX] a^cPcXeP
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8 ;Pb _a^_XTSPSTb \PV]|cXRPb _dTST] RaTPabT T] P[Vd]^b
^QYTc^b `_b Y^TeSSY^ 3T_T]SXT]S^ ST[ \TcP[ ST[
^QYTc^ |bcT _dTST e^[eTabT X\u] `Ub]Q^U^dU ^ dU]`_bQ\
ATR^aST\^b `dT bX bT edT[eT X\u] cT\_^aP[ b[^ _dTST
\P]cT]Ta bdb _a^_XTSPSTb \PV]|cXRPb _^a R^ac^ cXT\_^
\PV]TcXb\^ aTbXSdP[
9 2dP]c^ \ub VaP]ST T[ X\u] \ub UdTacT T[ RP\_^
\PV]|cXR^
5\USdb_Y]Q^Uc 0W^aP T]caT\^b T] ^ca^ RP\_^ X\_^acP]cT) QbTaeT d] RPQ[T `dT cXT]T PXb[P\XT]c^ 8\PV]TbT `dT
TbT PXb[P\XT]c^ Tb T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ VT]TaPS^ _^a [P
T[TRcaXRXSPS ;Pb X[dbcaPRX^]Tb `dT bXVdT] [T SP] d]P
bTRRX] caP]beTabP[ h d]P eXbcP [PcTaP[
4U^cYTQT
TU\ SQ]`_
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DQ]Q_ i VeUbjQ 2^]U^a\T Pd\T]cP T[ P\_TaPYT T] T[ R^]SdRc^a Pb Pd\T]
cP] [P ST]bXSPS h T[ cP\P^ ST[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^
J7P cT]XS^ P[Vd]P eTi ^RPbX] ST ]^cPa `dT RdP]S^
P]SP ST _PbT^ T] T[ RP\_^ h [[TeP T[ aPSX^ ST
caP]bXbc^aTb R^] Q^]XcP \bXRP ST aT_T]cT cXT]T
X]cTaUTaT]RXPh P[ \XaPa WPRXP PaaXQP ]^cP `dT bT
T]RdT]caP STQPY^ ST []TPb T[|RcaXRPb ST P[cP cT]bX] ]^
PXb[PSPb. 4b T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ RaTPS^ _^a [P
T[TRcaXRXSPS eXPYP]S^ T] TbPb []TPb 4b _^a`dT WP
T]caPS^ DS T] d]P i^]P \PV]|cXRP
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Page 11
8Qi QdbQSSY^
cY fQ^ U^ \Q
]Yc]Q TYbUSSY^
7P]b >TabcTS STbRdQaX T] '! `dT bX WPh S^b RPQ[Tb `dT
[[TeP] R^aaXT]cT T[|RcaXRP T] [P \Xb\P SXaTRRX] [^b RP\_^b
\PV]|cXR^b bT PcaPT] h [^b RPQ[Tb bT Yd]cP] 4bc^ RaTP []TPb
ST U[dY^ \PV]|cXR^ `dT a^STP] P P\Q^b RPQ[Tb _dTbc^ `dT bT
WP] Yd]cPS^ bdb RP\_^b _a^SdRXT]S^ d] RP\_^ \ub UdTacT
Tb_TRXP[\T]cT T]caT [^b S^b RPQ[Tb
B = B =
BU`e\cY^ cY fQ^ U^
TYbUSSY^ _`eUcdQ
>TabcTS cP\QX|] ]^c `dT bX [^b S^b RPQ[Tb Yd]c^b [[TeP]
R^aaXT]cT T] TYbUSSY_^Uc _`eUcdQc [^b RP\_^b \PV]|cXR^b bT
aT_T[T] caPcP]S^ ST P_PacPa [^b RPQ[Tb 4bc^ RPdbP cP\QX|]
`dT [^b RP\_^b cT]VP] SXUTaT]cTb ST]bXSPSTb* \ub UdTacT
T]caT [^b RPQ[Tb h \ub S|QX[ T] [^ ST PUdTaP
B = = B
T- 6 Q 4] T[ SXQdY^ P]cTaX^a ST SXaTRRX^]Tb ^_dTbcPbS]ST Tbcu R^[^RPS^ T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ \ub
UdTacT.NNNNN
A) 3XaTRcP\T]cT T]caT [^b S^b R^]SdRc^aTbB) 4] [^ \ub P[TYPS^ ST [^b S^b R^]SdRc^aTbC) 3^]ST [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ Tbcu] \ub RTaRPD) 0\QPb 0 h 2
En la misma direccin
DireccinOpuesta
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Page 12
T- 7 Q @d| _^SaP WPRTabT _PaP bT_PaPa [^b R^]SdRc^aTbT] T[ SXQdY^ P]cTaX^a ST [P \Xb\P
SXaTRRX].NNNNNNNNN
A)=PSPB) 0d\T]cPa T[ P\_TaPYT _^a [^b S^b RPQ[TbC) 3Xb\X]dXa [P aTbXbcT]RXP ST [^b S^b RPQ[TbD) 2P\QXPa [P SXaTRRX] ST [P R^aaXT]cT T] d]^ ST[^b RPQ[Tb
3_^TeSd_b
U^b_\\QT_
C_\U^_YTU
4UfQ^QT_
;P U^a\P h UdTaiP ST[ RP\_^
\PV]|cXR^ _dTST] RP\QXPabT
T]a^[[P]S^ T[ R^]SdRc^a
Paa^[[P\XT]c^ T\Q^QX]PS^ ^
b^[T]^XST ;^b RP\_^b bT
R^\QX]P] XVdP[ `dT bT R^\QX]P]
T] T[ TYT\_[^ ST [P \Xb\P
SXaTRRX] 4[ ]dTe^ RP\_^ eP
_PaP[T[^ P[ T]a^[[PS^ h T[ RP\_^
\ub UdTacT Tb T] T[ RT]ca^
>?D1
1dbQSSY^ TU e^
_RZUd_ 4U^cYTQT
4b X\_^acP]cT ]^cPa `dT bX d] ^QYTc^ ]^\PV]|cXR^ Tb
PcaPS^ _^a d]P UdT]cT \PV]|cXRP ]^ X\_^acP `d| _^[^ [^
PcaPT 4bcT ^QYTc^ bTau PcaPS^ cP]c^ P[ _^[^ \PV]|cXR^ =^acT
R^\^ P[ Bda ;^ `dT X\_^acP Tb [P TU^cYTQT ST[ RP\_^\Q
VeUbjQ[P RP]cXSPS ST QdbQSSY^
3XaTRRX] ST[ U[dY^
ST R^aaXT]cT
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Page 13
AT_Pb^
T- 8 Q
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Page 14
T- 12 Q D] RPQ[T T]a^[[PS^ bT R^]^RT cP\QX|]R^\^)NNNNNNNNNNNN
A) d] T]a^bRPS^B) d] STeP]PS^C) d] b^[T]^XSTD) P\Q^b 1 h 2
T- 13 Q BX d] X\u] PcaPT P d] ^QYTc^ ]^ \PV]TcXiPS^ TbcT ePP _TVPabT X]SXbcX]cP\T]cT P[ _^[^ \PV]|cXR^ =^acT ^
Bda
3YUbd_OOOOO6Q\c_OOOOO
1e]U^d_ TU \Q
VeUbjQ TU\ SQ]`_
;P UdTaiP ST[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ ST d] STeP]PS^ _dTST
Pd\T]cPabT ST ePaXPb \P]TaPb)
T]a^[[P]S^ T[ P[P\QaT \dh Yd]c^
PVaTVP]S^ \ub edT[cPb ST P[P\QaT
Pd\T]cP]S^ T[ P\_TaPYT `dT eP T] T[ STeP]PS^
PVaTVP]S^ d] ]R[T^ ST WXTaa^ Sd[RT T] T[ RT]ca^
ST[ STeP]PS^
1\Q]RbUc Ze^d_c T]a^[[P]S^ T[ P[P\QaT \dh Yd]c^
;^b TYT\_[^b ST STeP]PS^ `dT bT dbPa^] P]cTb b^] ST
RPQ[Tb \dh bT_PaPS^b T]caT b _PaP \TY^a
R^\_aT]bX] 4] aTP[XSPS [^b RPQ[Tb ]TRTbXcP] TbcPa
ST]ca^ ST bdb RP\_^b \PV]|cXR^b _PaP `dT Tbc^b bT
bd\T] T]caT b 2dP]c^ \ub RTaRP Tbcu] [^b RPQ[Tb
cP]c^ \ub T[ RP\_^ ST d]^ eP P X]U[dXa b^QaT T[ RP\_^
ST[ ^ca^ 3eQ^d_ ]vc Q`bUdQT_ U\ TUfQ^QT_]vc
VeUbdU U\ SQ]`_
:e^d_c i QYc\QT_c @Ub_ ]^ _dTST dbPabT P[P\QaT _T[PS^ CXT]T `dT cT]Ta P[
Vd]P U^a\P ST PXb[P\XT]c^ R^\^ QPa]Xi BX ]^ Tbcu PXb[PS^
[^b T[TRca^]Tb bT caP]bUTaXaP] ST d]P Tb_XaP P [P bXVdXT]cT bX]
Xa _^a T[ RPQ[T 4[ aTbd[cPS^ bTaP d] _Pb^ \ub R^ac^ `dT T[
_aT_[P]TPS^ d] S_bd_ SYbSeYd_ =^ bT VT]TaPaP RP\_^
\PV]|cXR^ ^ bT VT]TaPaP d]^ \dh S|QX[
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Page 15
=vc Uc`YbQc ]vc
feU\dQc
PVaTVP]S^ \ub edT[cPb ST P[P\QaT
4[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ ST d] STeP]PS^ Tb T[ aTbd[cPS^ ST
RP\_^b X]SXeXSdP[Tb `dT bT WP] R^\QX]PS^ _PaP
U^a\Pa d] RP\_^ VaP]ST 1XT] bX d]^ Tb QdT]^ S^b
Tb \TY^a_^a [^ \T]^b T] TbcT RPb^ 2dP]cPb \ub
edT[cPb bT [T PVaTVdT] \ub RP\_^b bT bd\P]
1]`UbY_c
h feU\dQc
-1]`UbY_c
feU\dQ
;P UdTaiP ST[ RP\_^ ST d] STeP]PS^ ^ b^[T]^XST bT \XST T]
Q]`UbY_cfeU\dQ D]P Tb_XaP ST P[P\QaT Tb d]P feU\dQ S^b
Tb_XaPb T_c feU\dQc bTXb Tb_XaPb cUYc feU\dQc SXTi Tb_XaPb
TYUj feU\dQc BX RPSP d]^ ST [^b STeP]PS^b ST PQPY^ [[TeP !
P\_TaX^b \d[cX_[X`dT [^b P\_TaX^b _^a T[ ]\Ta^ ST
edT[cPb
>_dQ $ Q]`UbY_cfeU\dQ b^] \ub S|QX[Tb `dT ! P\_TaX^bedT[cP
`dT b^] \ub S|QX[Tb `dT ! P\_TaX^bedT[cP=vc feU\dQc TU
Q\Q]RbU S_^ \_c ]Yc]_c Q]`UbY_c `b_TeSU^ e^ SQ]`_]vc
VeUbdU
1e]U^dQb
Q]`UbQZU
Pd\T]cPa T[ P\_TaPYT `dT eP T] T[ STeP]PS^ [^ RdP[
aT`dXTaT d] RP[XQaT \ub VadTb^ ST[ P[P\QaT _PaP
PR^\^SPa \ub R^aaXT]cT* eTa Bd_[T\T]c^ " 2dP]c^b
\ub T[TRca^]Tb eXPYP] _^a T[ P[P\QaT \ub UdTacT Tb T[
RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ VT]TaPS^ 4bcT _aX]RX_X^ bT
\P]cXT]T WPbcP [P RP_PRXSPS ST P\_TaPYT ST[ P[P\QaT h
WPbcP bd _d]c^ ST bPcdaPRX] \PV]|cXRP T] `dT T[
P[P\QaT ]^ Tb RP_Pi ST _a^SdRXa \ub \PV]TcXb\^
2 vueltas 6 vueltas 10 vueltas
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Page 16
Ncleo de hierro
Un imn dentro de otro
PVaTVPa d] ]R[T^ ST WXTaa^ Sd[RT T] T[ RT]ca^ ST[ STeP
]PS^
C^ SPb TbPb []TPb R^]RT]caPSPb ST U[dY^ \PV]|cXR^ T] T[
RT]ca^ ST[ STeP]PS^ _dTST] dbPabT R^] eT]cPYP BX bT
R^[^RP d] ]R[T^ ST \PcTaXP[ VUbb_]QW^}dYS_ `dT
_dTSP \PV]TcXiPabT R^\^ STRXa d]^ ST WXTaa^ Sd[RT
T] T[ RT]ca^ ST[ STeP]PS^ T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ `dT PW
TgXbcT eP P WPRTa d] X\u] cT\_^aP[ ST[ WXTaa^ Sd[RT
4bc^ RaTP d] X\u] ST]ca^ ST d] RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^
ATbd[cPS^) \d[cX_[XRPRX]
BU\eSdQ^SYQ
bUTeSYTQ
;Pb []TPb \PV]|cXRPb R^\_[TcP] bd _a^_X^ RXaRdXc^) S^]ST
T\_XTiP] P[[ aTVaTbP] 4[ PXaT T] T[ RT]ca^ ST[ STeP]PS^ Tb
d] \P[ R^]SdRc^a _PaP [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ \PV]|cXR^ 4bcP
bUcYcdU^SYQ bT [[P\P bU\eSdQ^SYQ 4[ ]R[T^ ST WXTaa^
_a^_^aRX^]P R^]SdRc^a _PaP [Pb []TPb [^ RdP[ aTSdRT [P
bU\eSdQ^SYQ h \TY^aP [P UdTaiP ST[ RP\_^
=eSXQ]vc VeUbjQ 3T_T]SXT]S^ ST[ \PcTaXP[ `dT bT dbT [P UdTaiP ST[
RP\_^ _dTST bTa S^Q[PSP caX_[XRPSP h WPbcP WTRWP
RXT]c^b ^ \X[Tb ST eTRTb \ub UdTacT
-
Page 17
4UfQ^QT_ S_^
^S\U_
D] STeP]PS^ R^] ]R[T^ ST WXTaa^ Tb T[ \|c^S^ dbPS^ T]
\dRW^b ST [^b SXb_^bXcXe^b \PV]|cXR^b ST [^b RXaRdXc^b
T[|RcaXR^b ST ]dTbca^b RP\X^]Tb 0 R^]cX]dPRX]
\T]RX^]P\^b P[Vd]^b ST T[[^b)
T\QaPVdT \PV]|cXR^ _PaP T[ R^\_aTb^a ST[ PXaT
PR^]SXRX^]PS^
B^[T]^XST ST[ TbcPc^a X]cTaad_c^a ST[ eT]cX[PS^a ST[
\^c^a
8]cTaad_c^a \PV]|cXR^ T] T[ RXaRdXc^ ST PaaP]`dT
B^[T]^XST ST[ \^c^a ST PaaP]`dT
4Yc`_cYdYf_c
]QW^}dYS_c
ETP\^b PW^aP \ub ST RTaRP [^b [cX\^b caTb \T]RX^]PS^b
PaaXQP) AT[TePS^aTb X]cTaad_c^aTb \PV]|cXR^b h b^[T]^XSTb
ST[ \^c^a ST PaaP]`dT 0d]`dT dbT] T[ \Xb\^ _aX]RX_X^
QubXR^ cXT]T] Ud]RX^]Tb SXUTaT]cTb
?`UbQSY^ TU\
BU\UfQT_b
4[ bU\UfQT_b aT[| bT dbP _PaP SXaXVXa [P R^aaXT]cT P d]^ ST
S^b RXaRdXc^b ;P X[dbcaPRX] ST PQPY^ \dTbcaP d]P bTRRX]
caP]beTabP[ ST d] AT[TePS^a PYdbcPQ[T ST TbcX[^ P]cXVd^
BX ]^ WPh R^aaXT]cT T] T[ TUfQ^QT_ T[ aTb^acT T\_dYP [P
Qb]QTebQ WPRXP PaaXQP [^ RdP[ Yd]cP T[ S_^dQSd_ S_]^
R^] T[ S_^dQSd_ Y^VUbY_b `dT Tbcu R^]TRcPS^ P[ RXaRdXc^
4bcT R^]cPRc^ Y^VUbY_b Tb T[ R^]cPRc^ ^_b]Q\]U^dU
SUbbQT_ =2* T[ aTb^acT R^\_[TcP T[ RXaRdXc^ R^] T[
R^]cPRc^ R^\]
LO W E RC O N TA C T
2>=C02C> 2>=C02C> BD?4A8>A
2>=C02C>
8=54A8>A
0A
2090
C>A=8;;> 09DBC03>A
A4B>AC4
08B;03>A
-
Page 18
>3 -!Ub 3YbSeYd_
>?-" 3YbSeYd_
0[ SPa[T R^aaXT]cT P[ TUfQ^QT_ bT _a^SdRT d] RP\_^ \PV
]|cXR^ `dT PcaPT P [P Pa\PSdaP WPRXP PQPY^ P _TbPa ST [P
UdTaiP ST[ aTb^acT 4bc^ PQaT T[ RXaRdXc^ T]caT T[ R^]cPRc^ Y^
VUbY_b h T[ S_]^ h [^ RXTaaP T]caT TbcT [cX\^ h T[ ce`UbY_b
`dT Tbcu R^]TRcPS^ P d] bTVd]S^ RXaRdXc^ 4bcT Tb T[ R^]cPRc^
^_b]Q\]U^dU QRYUbd_ >? 2dP]S^ bT `dXcP [P R^aaXT]cT
ST[ STeP]PS^ T[ aTb^acT STedT[eT [P Pa\PSdaP P[ R^]cPRc^
Y^VUbY_b ]^a\P[\T]cT RTaaPS^ >3
9^dUbbe`d_b
]QW^}dYS_
4[ 9^dUbbe`d_b ]QW^}dYS_ ^_TaP _PaTRXS^ P[ aT[TePS^a*
_Ta^ T] eTi ST SXaXVXa [P R^aaXT]cT P d] RXaRdXc^ ^ P[ ^ca^
bX\_[T\T]cT PQaT ^ RXTaaP d] RXaRdXc^ T[ `dT [[TeP
R^aaXT]cT P[ b^[T]^XST ST[ \^c^a ST PaaP]`dT
4bcP Tb [P bTRRX] caP]beTabP[ ST[ X]cTaad_c^a \PV]|cXR^
4bbTg
0[ ]^ _PbPa R^aaXT]cT _^a T[
TUfQ^QT_ % T[ bUc_bdU TU
bUd_b^_ " \P]cXT]T P[
|\Q^[^ # $ h ' R^\_[TcP
\T]cT WPRXP [P STaTRWP R^\^
_dTST eTabT 2dP]S^ _PbP
R^aaXT]cT _^a T[ TUfQ^QT_ ST[
^S\U_ b[^ bT \dTbcaP
d]P cTa\X]P[ bT RaTP d]
RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ 4[ RP\_^
PcaPT P[ |\Q^[^ RT]cau]S^[^
T] T[ STeP]PS^ , =^a\P[[h >_T] ,]^a\P[\T]cT PQXTac^
=2 , =^a\P[[h 2[^bTS , ]^a\P[\T]cT RTaaPS^
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Page 19
2dP]S^ [P R^aaXT]cT STYP ST _PbPa _^a T[ STeP]PS^ bT
PRPQP T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ h T[ aTb^acT ST aTc^a]^
T\_dYP h P[TYP P [P `\QSQ TU S_^dQSd_ h P[ }]R_\_ WPRXP
[P STaTRWP 4[ bUc_bdU WeQ P [P STaTRWP ST [P _[PRP ST
R^]cPRc^ [^ \P]cXT]T c^S^ RT]caPS^ h TeXcP `dT T[
|\Q^[^ _TVdT R^]caP T[ U^]S^ ST [P SeRYUbdQ &
2QZ_ Q]`UbQZU
`QbQ S_^db_\Qb
Q]`UbQZU Q\d_
C_XRP\T]cT d] X]cTaad_c^a \PV]|cXR^ bT dbP T] P_[XRPRX^
]Tb S^]ST d] RXaRdXc^ ST QPYP R^aaXT]cT P[ STeP]PS^ R^]ca^
[P P ^ca^ ST P[cP R^aaXT]cT P[ b^[T]^XST ST[ \^c^a ST PaaP]
`dT
C_\U^_YTU TU\
]_d_b TU
QbbQ^aeU
4[ cTaRTa^ Tb T[ c_\U^_YTU TU\ ]_d_b TU QbbQ^aeU ;^b
b^[T]^XSTb R^\^ bT dbP QXT] ^ \P[ T[ c|a\X]^
c_XRP\T]cT R^]eXTacT [P T]TaVP T[|RcaXRP T] \^RX]
\TRu]XRP* R^\^ T[ STeP]PS^ T] T[ X]cTaad_c^a
\PV]|cXR^ P]cTaX^a ^ T[ STeP]PS^ T] T[ aT[TePS^a
5^WbQ^Q U\
`Y^ i
S_]`\UdQ U\
SYbSeYd_
4] T[ RPb^ ST[ b^[T]^XST ST[ \^c^a [P T]TaVP T[|RcaXRP bT dbP
_PaP PR^_[Pa \TRu]XRP\T]cT T[ T]VaP]PYT ST[ _X] ST[
\^c^a ST PaaP]`dT h b^bcT]Ta[^ PW T]RPYPS^ R^] T[
T]VaP]PYT ST[ P]X[[^ ST[ e^[P]cT ST[ \^c^a QTU]vc ST `dT
cXT]T d]P _[PRP ST R^]cPRc^ R^\^ [P ST[ X]cTaad_c^a
\PV]|cXR^ `dT RXTaaP T[ RXaRdXc^ Su]S^[T R^aaXT]cT P[ \^c^a
ST PaaP]`dT
4bcT Tb d]
SXQdY^ bX\_[X
UXRPS^ ST d]
b^[T]^XST ST
\^c^a ST
PaaP]`dT
>_dU `dT WPh
S^bSTeP]PS^b
^ Qbb_\\Q]YU^
d_c T] T[ b^[T
]^XST) D]^ ST
Interruptor de Arranque
SolenoideArrollado de Sujecin
Embolo
Palanca decambio
Embrague Motor de arranque A la batera
Contactos
Arrolladode atraccin
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Page 20
QdbQSSY^ RPQ[T ST SQ\YRbU WbeUc_ h _^RPb edT[cPb h T[ ^ca^
T[ ST ceZUSY^ P[P\QaT TU\WQT_ h \dRWPb edT[cPb ?^a
`d| ?^a`dT bT aT`dXTaT \ub T]TaVP _PaP WPRTa `dT P[V^ bT
\dTeP `dT _PaP \P]cT]Ta[^ \^eX|]S^bT [P [Th ST [P
Y^UbSYQ
0\Q^b STeP]PS^b cXT]T] T[ \Xb\^ RPQ[T ST T]TaVP ST [P cTa
\X]P[ C `dT eXT]T ST[ X]cTaad_c^a \PV]|cXR^ _^a \TSX^ ST
[P CTa\X]P[ 2 ST[ \^c^a >_dU `dT T[ Paa^[[P\XT]c^ ST
bdYTRX] cXT]T bd _a^_X^ _^[^ P cXTaaP \XT]caPb `dT T[ ST
PcaPRRX] [^ cXT]T P caPe|b ST[ RPQ[TPS^ ST[ \^c^a ST
PaaP]`dT* cTa\X]P[ =
?`UbQSY^ 8VdP[ `dT R^] T[ X]cTaad_c^a \PV]|cXR^ T[ |\Q^[^ cXT]T d]P
_[PRP SXbR^ ST R^]cPRc^ T] T[ UX]P[ WPRXP [P STaTRWP `dT eP P
c^RPa P\Q^b R^]cPRc^b 1 h
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Page 21
CP\QX|] ST [P B _PbP R^aaXT]cT P[ Paa^[[P\XT]c^ ST bdYTRX]
h [dTV^ P cXTaaP PRcXeu]S^[^ cP\QX|] P TbcT 0\Q^b
Paa^[[P\XT]c^b _a^SdRT] RP\_^b \PV]|cXR^b `dT
R^\QX]PS^b bT edT[eT] d] RP\_^ UdTacT \ub UdTacT `dT T[
aTb^acT ST [P _P[P]RP ST RP\QX^ h bT \dTeT T[ |\Q^[^
4[ |\Q^[^ bT \dTeT P [P STaTRWP h RPdbP `dT)
[P _[PRP ST R^]cPRc^ c^`dT [^b R^]cPRc^b 1 h
-
Page 22
4[ Paa^[[P\XT]c^ ST bdYTRX] \P]cXT]T T[ |\Q^[^ P [P
STaTRWP h P [P _[PRP ST R^]cPRc^ c^RP]S^ [^b R^]cPRc^b 1
h
-
Page 23
_dQ
BX _^]T\^b d] bTVd]S^ R^]SdRc^a ST]ca^ ST[ RP\_^ \PV]|
cXR^ ST \^S^ `dT Tbc|] _PaP[T[^b ]^ RadiPS^b R^]U^a\T
TbcT bTVd]S^ R^]SdRc^a eP RadiP]S^ [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ \PV
]|cXR^ [^b T[TRca^]Tb R^\XT]iP] P \^eTabT cP\QX|] ST]ca^
ST TbcT bTVd]S^ R^]SdRc^a
4[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ T\_dYP P [^b T[TRca^]Tb WPRXP d] UX]P[
ST[ R^]SdRc^a
9^TeSSY^ 4bc^ RPdbP STbT`dX[XQaX^ ST RPaVP ST]ca^ ST[ e^[cPYT ST[
R^]SdRc^a ]TVPcXe^ T] d]P _d]cP _^bXcXe^ T] [P ^caP
4bcT_a^RTb^ bT R^]^RT R^\^ X]SdRRX] 9^TeSSY^
U\USdb_]QW^}dYSQ
F_\dQZU i
1]`UbQZU
BX T[ R^]SdRc^a Tb _PacT ST d] RP\X]^ RXaRdXc^
R^\_[Tc^ bT eP P VT]TaPa ST]ca^ ST |[ e^[cPYT h
R^aaXT]cT P\_TaPYT \XT]caPb _PbP _^a TbT RP\_^
\PV]|cXR^
>_dQ
4YbUSSY^ _`eUcdQ
6\eZ_ _`eUcd_
BX T[ R^]SdRc^a bT bPRP ST TbT RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ [Pb []TPb ST
U[dY^ eP] P _PbPa ^caP eTi b^QaT |[ 4bcP eTi [^b T[TRca^]Tb eP]
P \^eTabT T] SXaTRRX] ^_dTbcP _^a`dT T[ R^]SdRc^a bT
\^eX T] SXaTRRX] ^_dTbcP
lneas de flujo
Voltajeinducido
Conductor
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Page 24
4[ \^eX\XT]c^ WPRXP ST]ca^ ST[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ RPdb
X]SdRRX] T] d]P SXaTRRX]h T[ \^eX\XT]c^ WPRXP PUdTaP ST[
RP\_^ RPdb X]SdRRX] T] [P SXaTRRX] ^_dTbcP
FUb ce`\U]U^d_
$
ETa Bd_[T\T]c^ # 4[ TYTaRXRX^ ST\dTbcaP T[ _aX]RX_X^
ST [P X]SdRRX]
3Q]`_ ]fY\
fUbcec
3_^TeSd_b
]_fY\
D] R^]SdRc^a `dT bT \dTeT Tb TgRT[T]cT _Ta^ Tb _^R^
_auRcXR^ RdP]S^ bT caPcP ST _a^SdRXa VaP]STb RP]cXSPSTb ST
R^aaXT]cT
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Page 25
_bdU
e^Q TYbUSSY^
i TU >_bdU Q
Ceb \Q TYbUSSY^
_`eUcdQ
ETP\^b T[ \^ST[Xc^ d] _^R^ \ub ST RTaRP
2dP]S^ [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ ST[ _^[^ \PV]|cXR^ Bda
_PbP] _^a T[ R^]SdRc^a ST PaaXQP Tbc^ T\_dYP P [^b
T[TRca^]Tb T] d]P SXaTRRX] _^bXcXeP 2dP]S^ [Pb
[]TPb ST U[dY^ ST[ _^[^ \PV]|cXR^ =^acT _PbP _^a T[
R^]SdRc^a ST PQPY^ T\_dYP P [^b T[TRca^]Tb T]
SXaTRRX] ^_dTbcP ]TVPcXe^ _Ta^ TbcP\^b dbP]S^ d]
RXaRdXc^ R^\_[Tc^ ST \^S^ `dT ]^ X\_^acP
0aaXQP Bda [^b
T[TRca^]Tb bT \dTeT]
P [P Xi`dXTaSP* PQPY^
=^acT bT \dTeT] P
[P STaTRWP BX
bTVdX\^b T[ RXaRdXc^
eT\^b `dT eP T] [P
\Xb\P SXaTRRX]
3Q]RY_ TU
@_\QbYTQT
?Ta^`d| _PbP RdP]S^ T[ _^[^ Bda ST[ X\u] _PbP _^a T[
R^]SdRc^a ST PQPY^ h T[ =^acT _^a T[ ST PaaXQP.ETP\^b ^caP
eTi T[ RXaRdXc^ bXVdXT]cT h eTaT\^b `dT ePNNNNNNNNNNN.
-
Page 26
BX bT^a Q\ bUf}c 4[ \^ST[^ _a^SdRT U[dY^ T] d]P SXaTRRX]
h [dTV^ T] [P ^_dTbcP TbcP\^b _a^SdRXT]S^ S_bbYU^dU
Q\dUb^Q CT]T\^b d] Q\dUb^QT_b
3]_ S_^cUWeYb
43 S_bbYU^dU
TYbUSdQ
C^ S^ [^ P]cTaX^a Tbcu \dh QXT] bX `dTaT\^b R^aaXT]cT P[cTa]P
_Ta^ bX `dTaT\^b R^aaXT]cT SXaTRcP cXT]T] `dT WPRTabT
P[Vd]^b RP\QX^b 7T P`d [P SXUXRd[cPSBT_PaPa T[ U[dY^ T]
d]P SXaTRRX] ST[ ST [P ^caP
7Ph ePaXPb \P]TaPb _PaP R^]bTVdXa [P R^aaXT]cT SXaTRcP
7U^UbQT_b TU
43
?^ST\^b aTSXbTPa T[ \^ST[^ _PaP `dT T[ RP\_^
\PV]|cXR^ bTP TbcPRX^]PaX^ h T[ RXaRdXc^ R^]SdRc^a
[P Pa\PSdaP VXaT
BT _^]T] P]X[[^b SXeX
SXS^b P [^b UX]P[Tb ST[
R^]SdRc^a h UcS_RY\\Qc
P [^b R^]cPRc^b ST[
RXaRdXc^ 3T TbcT \^S^
T[ bT\XRaRd[^ ST RdP[
`dXTaP ST [^b [PS^b ST
]dTbca^ RXaRdXc^ `dT bT
PRTa`dT P[ _^[^ BDA
Tbcu c^RP]S^ [P TbR^QX[[P
ST ]dTbca^ [PS^ eXe^
_^bXcXe^ ST[ RXaRdXc^ 4[
bT\XRaRd[^ ST[ [PS^ `dT
bT PRTaRP P[ _^[^ =>AC4 Tbcu c^RP]S^ [P TbR^QX[[P `dT c^RP
]dTbca^ [PS^ ]TVPcXe^ cXTaaP ST[ RXaRdXc^ BX bT^a
5dT]cT ST T]TaVP T] d]P b^[P SXaTRRX]) D] WU^UbQT_b TU
S_bbYU^dU TYbUSdQ
" ?`SY^
4Y_T_* fUb
ce`\U]U^d_ &
! >QXT] _^ST\^b\P]cT]Ta T[ \^ST[^ ^aXVX]P[ h PVaT
VPa[T d]P _XTiP T[|RcaXRP `dT _Ta\XcT `dT [P
R^aaXT]cT U[dhP T] d]P SXaTRRX] b^[P\T]cT) d]
SX^S^ Bd_[T\T]c^ %
Direccin deRotacin
-
Page 27
2dP]S^ T[ BDA Tbc| PaaXQP ST[ RXaRdXc^ T[ SX^S^ bT PRcXeP h
_Ta\XcT `dT _PbT [P R^aaXT]cT) bT T]RXT]ST T[ Q^\QX[[^
2dP]S^ T[ =>AC4 Tbcu PaaXQP ST[ RXaRdXc^ [P R^aaXT]cT eP P[
aTe|b h T[ SX^S^ bT STbPRcXeP h T[ Q^\QX[[^ bT P_PVP 4[
_a^Q[T\P Tb `dT T]c^]RTb T[ Q^\QX[[^ b^[P\T]cT Tbcu
T]RT]SXS^ [P \XcPS ST[ cXT\_^ bX [T SP\^b \dh au_XS^ P
[P \P]XeT[P `dXiu ]PSXT [^ ]^cT
# ?`SY^ " > _^ST\^b PVaTVPa d] _Pa ST feU\dQc/// RPSP d]P
R^] bd SX^S^ST TbT \^S^ d]P ST [Pb edT[cPb bXT\
_aT TbcPau bd\X]XbcaP]S^ R^aaXT]cT P[ RXaRdXc^
$ ?`SY^ # > _^ST\^b\P]cT]Ta T[ \^ST[^ QubXR^ h _^]Ta[T d]
PaaTV[^ ST # SX^S^b h Pb dbPa T[ U[dY^ ST [P R^aaXT]cT
T] P\QPb SXaTRRX^]Tb
EP\^b P R^]TRcPa RPSP d]P ST [Pb S^b _d]cPb ST[ R^]SdRc^a
T] TbcT RPb^ d] STeP]PS^ T]caT d] SX^S^ _^bXcXe^ h d]^
]TVPcXe^
;dTV^ eP\^b P R^]TRcPa [Pb S^b _d]cPb ST[ R^]SdRc^a ST[
RXaRdXc^ T]caT [^b _PaTb ST SX^S^b) d]P _d]cP T]caT [^b SX^S^b
_^bXcXe^b h [P ^caP T]caT [^b ]TVPcXe^b
@QbUc TU 4Y_T_c
Q\YQc @eU^dUc
Aparatoconsumidor
Los diodos 1 y 2 son positivosLos diodos 3 y 4 son negativos
3
4
1
2
-
Page 28
2dP]S^ T[ RP\_^ bda bT PRTaRP P[ STeP]PS^ _PbP _^a T[
SX^S^ _PbP _^a T[ P_PaPc^ R^]bd\XS^a h edT[eT _^a T[
SX^S^ # P [^ ST PQPY^ ST[ STeP]PS^ R^\_[TcP]S^ T[ RXaRdXc^
AparatoConsumidor
3 1 4 2
-
Page 29
-
Page 30
BU`Qc_ ?aPRcX`dT\^b [^ P_aT]SXS^
T- 19 Q ;^b 4[TRca^X\P]Tb b^] 8\P]Tb CT\_^aP[Tb A)CIERTO______FALSO______
T- 20 Q 4] d] X\u] S]ST Tbcu T[ \Ph^a ]\Ta^ ST []TPbST U[dY^ \PV]|cXR^ `dT Tbcu] \dh RTaRP T]caT b
A) 4[ ]\Ta^ ST []TPb Tb bXT\_aT T[ \Xb\^B) 4] [^b ?^[^bC) ;TY^b ST[ X\u]D) 3T_T]ST ST bX T[ X\u] Tb _Ta\P]T]cT ^cT\_^aP[
T- 21 Q ?PaP X]SdRXa e^[cPYT h P\_TaPYT R^aaXT]cT bT]TRTbXcP)
A) D] RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ h d] R^]SdRc^aB)
-
Page 31
T- 24 Q ;Pb Tb_XaPb ST d] STeP]PS^ ]^ Tbcu] PXb[PSPb h bTc^RP]
395BD?OOOOOO61
-
Page 32
T- 30 Q D] SX^S^)A) ?Ta\XcT T[ _Pb^ ST [P R^aaXT]cT b[^ T] d]PSXaTRRX]
B)
-
Page 33
3_bbYU^dUc 5TTi D] _a^Q[T\P 0[ _PbPa T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ _^a T[ \PaR^ ST
WXTaa^ cP\QX|] X]SdRT e^[cPYT h R^aaXT]cT T] T[ \PaR^ \Xb\^
`dT bT [[P\P] R^aaXT]cTb 4SSh 4bcPb R^aaXT]cTb _a^SdRT]
RP[^a `dT Tb P[V^ `dT ]^ `dTaT\^b ?PaP aTSdRXa TbcPb R^
aaXT]cTb T[ \PaR^ Tbcu WTRW^ ST _[PRPb X]SXeXSdP[Tb RdQXTa
cPb ST PXb[P\XT]c^ h P_X[PSPb Yd]cPb 4bc^ Tb [^ `dT bT [[P\P
d] \PaR^ ;P\X]PS^
1\dUb^QT_b ETP\^b d] P[cTa]PS^a c_XR^ \^STa]^
5cdQd_b 4UfQ^QT_
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4[ R^]SdRc^a bT [[P\P TbcPc^a
;P \Ph^aP ST [^b P[cTa]PS^aTb cXT]T dbUc R^]SdRc^aTb
TbcPc^aTb [[P\PS^b STeP]PS^b ST[ TbcPc^a 2PSP
STeP]PS^ cXT]T \[cX_[Tb R_RY^Qc T] bTaXT & T] TbcT
TYT\_[^ 4bc^b STeP]PS^b ST[ TbcPc^a bT P[^YP] T]
d] \PaR^ ST WXTaa^ Sd[RT [P\X]PS^
eS\U_ TU 8YUbb_ TU\ 9^TeSYT_
Un estatorcon 7 bobinas
-
Page 34
@eU^dU TU 4Y_T_c
5]R_RY^QT_ U^
CUbYU
DbYVvcYSQ
B_d_b
3QTQ Q^QX]P ST[ TbcPc^a cXT]T S^b _d]cPb
D]P Tbcu R^]TRcPSP T]caT d] _Pa ST SX^S^b T] d]
PaaTV[^ ST % SX^S^b [[P\PS^ _dT]cT ST SX^S^b ^
_dT]cT aTRcXUXRPS^a
;P ^caP _d]cP Tbcu R^]TRcPSP _^a \TSX^ ST T\_P[\T
P [^b ^ca^b S^b STeP]PS^b ST[ TbcPc^a ST \^S^ ST
`dT bXT\_aT WPhP S^b STeP]PS^b R^]TRcPS^b T]
bTaXT 4bcu] R^]TRcPS^b Pb _PaP `dT bdb e^[cPYTb bT
bd\T] _a^SdRXT]S^ " R^aaXT]cTb P[cTa]Pb
caPb[P_PSPb R^\^ `dXT] SXRT d]P T]RX\P ST [P ^caP
R^]^RXSP R^\^ dbYVvcYSQ
4[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ `dT VXaP bT [[P\P b_d_b 4[
2P\_^ \PV]|cXR^ Tb _a^SdRXS^ _^a d] T[TRca^X\u]
\^]cPS^ T] d] TYT
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8]R[dXS^ T] T[ TYT ST[ a^c^a eP d] eT]cX[PS^a _PaP WPRTa RXa
Rd[Pa PXaT T] T[ X]cTaX^a ST[ P[cTa]PS^a 4b TbcT eT]cX[PS^a T[
`dT STcTa\X]P bX T[ P[cTa]PS^a bT eP P dbPa T] P_[XRPRX] R^]
a^cPRX] WPRXP [P Xi`dXTaSP ^ WPRXP [P STaTRWP
-
Page 35
Devanado de campo magntico o Masa Polar
4[ T[TRca^X\u] Tbcu U^a\PS^ _^a d] STeP]PS^ ST \dRWPb
RP_Pb ST edT[cPb ST P[P\QaT [[P\PS^ STeP]PS^ ST RP\_^
\PV]|cXR^ ?=QcQ @_\Qb h S^b @YUjQc UTaa^\PV]|cXRPb _
DQ`Qc @_\QbUc `dT cXT]T] TgcT]bX^]Tb R^\^ [Pb _d]cPb ST
d]P R^a^]P SdRP[ ^ R^\^ d]P \P]^ R^] & STS^b RdaePS^b
b^QaT d] ^QYTc^ X]eXbXQ[T
TU `e^dQc -
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D]P ST [Pb @YUjQc @_\QbUc RdQaT T[ ?^[^ =^acT \PV]|cXR^ ST
[P A
-
Page 36
CY^ UcS_RY\\Qc 4] P[cTa]PS^aTb cY^
UcS_RY\\Qc \_c TUfQ
^QT_c TU\ UcdQd_b i TU \Q
R_RY^Q TU SQ]`_ b^]
TbcPRX^]PaX^b B[^ [Pb
dQ`Qc `_\QbUc Tbcu] \^]
cPSPb T] T[ TYT ST[ a^c^a
4[ _aX]RX_X^ ST ^_TaPRX]
Tb T[ \Xb\^ _Ta^ [Pb
TbR^QX[[Pb `dT _a^SdRT]
RWXb_XcPb WP] bXS^
T[X\X]PSPb
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4Y_T_c
4[ `eU^dU TU TY_T_c bT P[^YP VT]TaP[\T]cT T] d]P RdQXTacP
R^] P[TcPb _PaP SXbX_Pa T[ RP[^a _^acPSX^S^b 4[ _dT]cT
c^\P [P R^aaXT]cT X]SdRXSP ST S^b STeP]PS^b ST TbcPc^a T]
bTaXT [P SXaXVT WPRXP T[ _^bcT _^bXcXe^ ST [P QPcTaP h P [^b
RXaRdXc^b ;P R^aaXT]cT `dT aTVaTbP ST [^b RXaRdXc^b P caPe|b
ST cXTaaP T]caP P [P cXTaaP ST[ _dT]cT ST SX^S^b h edT[eT P
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0[ a^c^a [^ X\_d[bP d]P QP]SP `dT eXT]T ST d]P _^[TP
ST[ \^c^a ;P eT[^RXSPS ST[ \^c^a STcTa\X]P [P eT[^
RXSPS ST[ a^c^a [P RdP[ STcTa\X]P [P _a^_^aRX] ST
RP\QX^ ST U[dY^ 2dP]cP \ub eT[^RXSPS \ub e^[cPYT
\ub R^aaXT]cT 4] \PaRWP \]X\P T[ P[cTa]PS^a
_a^SdRT bdUXRXT]cT e^[cPYT h P\_TaPYT _PaP [[T]Pa [Pb
]TRTbXSPSTb ST [^b RXaRdXc^b T[|RcaXR^b* _Ta^ P \ub
eT[^RXSPS WPbcP [P \ugX\P bT eP P _a^SdRXa TU]Q
cYQT_ e^[cPYT h P\_TaPYT `dT dYU^U aeU S_^db_\QbcU
BUWe\QT_b TU
f_\dQZU
4bc^ ]^b [[TeP P P[V^ \ub)P[ bUWe\QT_b TU f_\dQZU
4bcPc^a
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-
Page 37
BUTeSSY^ TU
f_\dQZU i
S_bbYU^dU
2\^ aTSdRX\^b e^[cPYT h P\_TaPYT _a^SdRXS^ P P[cPb
ATe^[dRX^]Tb _^a
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Page 38
T- 34 Q 4[ aTVd[PS^a ST e^[cPYT)A) 2^]ca^[P SXaTRcP\T]cT [Pb Q^QX]Pb ST[ TbcPc^aB) 2^]ca^[P T[ ca^ ST SX^S^bC) 2^]ca^[P [P R^aaXT]cT P[ STeP]PS^ ST RP\_^D) 2^]ca^[P [P eT[^RXSPS ST[ a^c^a
T- 35 Q ;Pb R^aaXT]cTb 4SSh)A) B^] R^aaXT]cT X]SdRXSP T] d]P TbcadRcdaP STWXTaa^
B) B^] ST [^b \PaTb _PRUXR^ h Pc[u]cXR^C) BT aTSdRT] R^] _[PRPb [P\X]PSPbD) 0\Q^b 0 h 2
T- 36 Q ;Pb ?XTiPb cP_Pb ?^[PaTb)A) BT dbP] _PaP cP_Pa T[ _P] aTRX|] W^a]TPS^B) ?a^SdRT] d]P VaP] RP]cXSPS ST RP\_^b\PV]|cXR^b
C) B^bcXT]T] [^b STeP]PS^b ST[ TbcPc^aD) ;T SP] R^aaXT]cT P[ ca^ ST SX^S^b
T- 37 Q @d| Tb [^ `dT VXaP eP T] T[ TYT ST[ a^c^a T] d]P[cTa]PS^a bX] TbR^QX[[Pb. NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
7PbcP T[ \^\T]c^ WT\^b RdQXTac^)
d] R^]SdRc^a \^eXQ[T T] T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ ST d]
X\u] TbcPRX^]PaX^ X]\eX[ h
d] RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ \^eXQ[T PcaPeTbP]S^ d]
R^]SdRc^a TbcPRX^]PaX^ X]\eX[
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]R[T^ ST WXTaa^ \^eXQ[T 4bcT Tb T[ \|c^S^ `dT bT
dbP T] [^b cU^c_bUc ]QW^}dYS_c _PaP T[ fU\_S]Udb_ i
`QbQ U\ dQS]Udb_ RdT]cPaaTe^[dRX^]Tb
9]v^ 4[ bT]b^a cXT]T d] X\u] _Ta\P]T]cT R^] bd _a^_X^
RP\_^ h []TPb ST U[dY^ \PV]|cXR^
-
Page 39
5\ TUfQ^QT_ Uc
ce `b_`Y_
SYbSeYd_
4[ R^]SdRc^a STeP]PS^ Tbcu T]a^[[PS^ P[aTSTS^a ST[ X\u]
_Ta\P]T]cT h `dTSP ST]ca^ ST bdb []TPb ST U[dY^ ;^b S^b
UX]P[Tb ST[ P[P\QaT ST[ STeP]PS^ T]caP] T] T[ cPR\Tca^
RdT]cPaaTe^[dRX^]Tb S^]ST bT Yd]cP] R^\_[TcP]S^ T[
RXaRdXc^
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ST]cPSP ST[ e^[P]cT ST[ \^c^a `dT _PbP SXaTRcP\T]cT
T]UaT]cT ST[ _^[^ ST[ X\u] _PbP [^ \Xb\^ R^] T[
eT[^R\Tca^ `dT Tb RPSP SXT]cT ST[ T]VaP]PYT T] T[ TYT
ST bP[XSP ST [P caP]b\XbX]
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4[ ?aX]RX_X^)
;Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ ST[ X\u] Tbcu] T] d] Tb_PRX^ ST PXaT
^ P[cP aT[dRcP]RXP 0[ PRTaRPabT T[ SXT]cT ST[ T]VaP]PYT
P [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ TbcPb bT SebfQ^ XQSYQ T[ SXT]cT h
U^dbQ^ T] |[^ bTP \T]^b aT[dRcP]RXP h d] SXT]cT \ub
`Ub]UQR\U `dT _dTST \PV]TcXiPabT `dT T[ PXaT ;Pb
[]TPb ST U[dY^ bXVdT] P[ SXT]cT WPbcP `dT bT P[TYP ST[
X\u] 4]c^]RTb edT[eT] P bd _^bXRX] ]^a\P[
! 4YU^dUc TU\ f_\Q^dU
" 3QZQ TU\ f_\Q^dU
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bUdU^SY^
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-
Page 40
?D1* JATRdTaST 2dP]c^ \ub [TY^b _PbP] [^b SXT]cTb ST[ T]VaP
]PYT ST[ _^[^ ST[ X\u] \T]^a Tb T[ TUTRc^ `dT cXT]T] b^QaT [Pb
[]TPb ST U[dY^ 2dP]c^ \T]^b TUTRc^ \T]^b \^eX\XT]c^ ST[
U[dY^ \T]^a e^[cPYT
;P TYcdQ^SYQ QZecdQR\U T]caT T[ UX]P[ ST[ bT]b^a h [P _d]cP ST
[^b SXT]cTb Tb]ei Y]`_bdQ^dU L
5\ SQ]`_ SQU*
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Y^fUbcQ/
2dP]S^ [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ e^[eXTa^] P bd _^bXRX] ]^a\P[
RadiPa^] T[ STeP]PS^ T] [P SXaTRRX] ^_dTbcP _a^SdRXT]S^
[P \XcPS ST d] RXR[^ ST 13 R^aaXT]cT P[cTa]P
4bcP R^]SXRX] ST aTc^a]^ Tb _PaTRXSP P [^ `dT _PbP
R^] T[ RP\_^ ST d] T[TRca^X\u] RdP]S^ bd STeP]PS^
bT P_PVP T[ RP\_^ RPT ST aTVaTb^ T] T[ STeP]PS^
_a^SdRXT]S^ S_bbYU^dU Y^fUbcQ ?Ta^ _PaP d]
T[TRca^X\u] Tb aTP[\T]cT R^aaXT]cT X]eTabP.
-
Page 41
-
Page 42
>_ Uc
S_bbYU^dU
Y^fUbcQ
5\ QbS_
3T \^S^ `dT _PaP R^]cTbcPa P [P _aTVd]cP ^aXVX]P[) =^ Tb
R^aaXT]cT X]eTabP bX]^ `dT eP T] [P \Xb\P SXaTRRX] `dT [P
^aXVX]P[ `dT _a^SdY^ T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^
4b \ub Tb TbcP R^aaXT]cT Pdc^X]SdRXSP [P `dT U^a\P [P
RWXb_P PaR^ RdP]S^ T[ RXaRdXc^ X]SdRc^a bT P_PVP 4bcP
Tb cP\QX|] [P aPi] ST _^a `d| P[Vd]^b STeP]PS^b
VaP]STb cXT]T] SX^S^b R^]TRcPS^b T[ SX^S^
_a^_^aRX^]P d] RP\X]^ P [P R^aaXT]cT X]SdRXSP RdP]S^
T[ RP\_^ bT R^[P_bP
1 \Q Qed_
Y^TeSdQ^SYQ
^_ \U WecdQ
U\ SQ]RY_
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caPcP ST \P]cT]Ta [Pb R^bPb R^\^ TbcPQP]bT ^_^]T P[
RP\QX^
BX ]^ WPQP P\_TaX^b _PbP]S^ _^a d]P Q^QX]P h ST
aT_T]cT [^b WPh RP\_^ `dT bT Tg_P]ST [P Pdc^
X]SdRcP]RXP caPcP ST \P]cT]Ta [Pb R^bPb R^\^
TbcPQP]bX] P\_TaX^b
BX WPQP P\_TaX^b _PbP]S^ _^a d]P Q^QX]P h ST
aT_T]cT _PaPa^][P Pdc^X]SdRcP]RXP caPcP ST
\P]cT]Ta [P Q^QX]P R^\^ TbcPQP R^] [^b
P\_TaX^b U[dh|]S^[T
9^TeSdQ^SYQ =deQ
=e\dY`\YSQT_bUc
TU F_\dQZU
D] _aX]RX_X^ bX\X[Pa `dT bT [[P\P Y^TeSdQ^SYQ ]deQ bT dbP
_PaP _a^SdRXa d] e^[cPYT \Ph^a ST[ SXb_^]XQ[T
Inducido
Inductivo
Direccin del flujode corriente
Lneas de flujo que se colapsan
-
Page 43
3Q^dYTQT TU
f_\dQZU
`b_TeSYT_
;P RP]cXSPS ST e^[cPYT _a^SdRXS^ ST_T]ST ST
;P RP]cXSPS ST []TPb ST U[dY^ `dT RadiP] T[
R^]SdRc^a
T[ \PaVT] ST RP\QX^ ST U[dY^
RP]cXSPS ST bd_TaUXRXT `dT [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ _dTST]
PUTRcPa T[ ]\Ta^ ST edT[cPb T] [P Q^QX]P aTRdTaSP
[Pb edT[cPbP\_TaX^.
?PaP ST\^bcaPa eP\^b P ]TRTbXcPa S^b RXaRdXc^b STbd]XS^b
CUSe^TQbY_
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D] RXaRdXc^ R^\_[Tc^ [[P\PS^ bTRd]SPaX^ `dT R^]
bXbcT ST d] STeP]PS^ WTRW^ ST \dRWPb edT[cPb ST
P[P\QaT ST[VPS^ P[aTSTS^a ST d] ]R[T^ ST WXTaa^ h
d] P_PaPc^ R^]bd\XS^a R^]TRcPS^ P [^b UX]P[Tb ST[
STeP]PS^*
! D]P Q^QX]P [[P\PSP_aX\PaXP PQPbcTRXSP STbST d]P
QPcTaP `dT R^]bXbcT ST P[P\QaT \ub VadTb^ h
\T]^b edT[cPb a^STP]S^ P[ STeP]PS^ bTRd]SPaX^
2^] T[ X]cTaad_
c^a RTaaPS^ T[
STeP]PS^ _aX
\PaX^ _a^SdRT
bd RP\_^ \PV
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aX^ _^a [P
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cPau ST _aTeT]Xa
`dT bT U^a\T T[
RP\_^ ST[
_aX\Ta STeP]PS^ e^[cPYT ^_dTbc^ 2dP]S^ T[ P\_TaPYT ST[
_aX\Ta RXaRdXc^ STYP ST Pd\T]cPa [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ ST[
_aX\PaX^ STYP] ST RadiPa [Pb bTRd]SPaXPb [^ RdP[ RPdbP `dT T[
e^[cPYT X]SdRXS^ QPYT P RTa^
4] TbcT _d]c^ T[ RXaRdXc^ _aX\PaX^ Tbcu P _[T]^ P\_TaPYT h T[
RP\_^ P _[T]P UdTaiP 4bcu [Xbc^
Aparato consumidorDevanadosecundariocon ncleo
Devanadoprimario
Batera Interruptor
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Page 44
3YbSeYd_
`bY]QbY_
QRYUbd_
2dP]S^ bT PQaT T[ X]cTaad_c^a T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ R^[P_bP
_^a [^b STeP]PS^b _aX\PaX^ h bTRd]SPaX^ R^] VaP]
X]cT]bXSPS 4bc^ RPdbP d] e^[cPYT Pdc^X]SdRXS^ P[c^ T] T[
STeP]PS^ _aX\PaX^ T[ RdP[ Tb \d[cX_[XRPS^ cP]cPb eTRTb
RdP]cPb edT[cPb cT]VP T[ bTRd]SPaX^
4bc^ _a^SdRT d] e^[cPYT
P] \ub P[c^ T] T[ RXa
RdXc^ bTRd]SPaX^
=^a\P[\T]cT TbcT
RXaRdXc^ VT]TaP
P\_TaPYT \dh QPY^ Tb
STRXa \X[XP\_TaX^b
\X[|bX\Pb ST P\_TaX^
_Ta^ Tb^b T[TRca^]Tb
bPQT] S]ST `dXTaT] Xa
h `dXTaT] [[TVPa H0
T] [^b \^c^aTb ST SXTbT[ T[TRca]XRP\T]cT
R^]ca^[PS^b R^] X]hTRc^aTb PRcXePS^b _^a b^[T]^XST
Tbc^b _dTST] VT]TaPa PaaXQP ST e^[cX^b
9^TeSdQ^SYQ ]edeQ* S^b RXaRdXc^b X]ST_T]SXT]cTb `dT bT
PUTRcP] T[ d]^ P[ ^ca^
-
Page 45
?Ta^ `d| _PbP.
-
Page 46
=_d_bUc 0W^aP eP\^b P[ [cX\^ cT\P X\_^acP]cT9^dUbQSSY^ TU
SQ]`_c \^c^aTb
4[ _aX]RX_X^ `dT ]TRTbXcP\^b PW^aP) R\^ aTPRRX^]P]
T]caT b [^b RP\_^b \PV]|cXR^b hP [^ RdQaX\^b SdaP]
cT T[ TbcdSX^ ST [^b X\P]Tb
;^b _^[^b ^_dTbc^b bT PcaPT] Bda PcaPT P =^acT h [^b XVdP[Tb
bT aT_T[T] Bda aT_T[T P Bda h =^acT aT_T[T P =^acT 4bc^ Tb
eu[XS^ cP]c^ _PaP X\P]Tb _Ta\P]T]cTb R^\^ _PaP
cT\_^aP[Tb 4bcT Tb T[ _aX]RX_X^ T] `dT bT QPbP] [^b \^c^aTb
T[|RcaXR^b
7T P`d [P XSTP QubXRP)
4[ \^c^a VXaP _^a d]Pb UdTaiPb \PV]|cXRPb `dT bT
PcaPT] h ^caPb `dT bT aT_T[T] ;^b T[TRca^X\P]Tb
UXY^b Tbcu] \^]cPS^b T] [P RPaRPiP RdQXTacP ST
WXTaa^ Sd[RT ;^b STeP]PS^b ST P[P\QaT `dT
[[TeP R^aaXT]cT eP] \^]cPS^b T] d] TYT ;^b
RP\_^b\PV]|cXR^b ST [^b STeP]PS^b X]cTaPRcP]
R^] [^b RP\_^b UXY^b h WPRT] `dT T[ TYT VXaT
@YUjQc TU\ ]_d_b
=QcQc `_\QbUc
R_RY^Qc TU
SQ]`_
;^b T[TRca^X\P]Tb \^]cPS^b T] [P RPaRPiP ST WXTaa^ Sd[RT ST[
\^c^a b^] [Pb ]QcQc `_\QbUc R^] bdb R_RY^Qc TU SQ]`_
9^TeSYT_ Q\Q]RbU
TU e^Q c_\Q feU\dQ
SQTQ fUj
4[ Y^TeSYT_ Tb d] R^]SdRc^a VaP]ST WbeUc_ T]a^[[PS^ T]
edT[cPb P [^ [PaV^ h P[aTSTS^a ST d] ]R[T^ [P\X]PS^ 2PSP
d]P ST T[[Pb c^RP d] _d]c^ ST R^]cPRc^ T] T[ S_\USd_b T] T[ TYT
ST[ \^c^a
4bR^QX[[P
CP_P _^[Pa
Colector Inducido
Bobina de campo
-
Page 47
J4[ R^]SdRc^a c^RP _aX\Ta^ T[ R^]cPRc^ [dTV^ bXVdT
T] d]P b^[P edT[cP WPbcP c^RPa T[ ! [dTV^ ^caP edT[cP
WPbcP T[ " h Pb bdRTbXeP\T]cT WPbcP e^[eTa P[ L
3_bbYU^dU XQSYQ*
TUfQ^QT_c TU
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4] d] \^c^a c_XR^ ST TUfQ^QT_c TU SQ]`_ T] bTaXT [P
R^aaXT]cT bT bd_[T cP]c^ P [^b STeP]PS^b ST RP\_^ R^\^ P [Pb
UcS_RY\\Qc\^]cPSPb R^] aTb^acT R^]caP T[ S_\USd_b ST [P
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Page 48
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2^aaXT]cT RXaRd[Pa ^ T] eacXRT ST]ca^ ST d]P \PbP ST WXTaa^
X]SdRXSP _^a ePaXPRX] ST[ U[dY^ ST X]SdRRX] \PV]|cXRP
;[P\PSP cP\QX|] ST 5^dRPd[c _^a T[ UbXR^ UaP]R|b 9 1
;T^] 5^dRPd[c ' ( '%' `dT T]caT bdb \dRWPb X]eTbcX
VPRX^]Tb STcTa\X] [P eT[^RXSPS ST [P [di h T[ \^eX\XT]c^
SXPaX^ ST [P cXTaaP _^a \TSX^ ST[ _|]Sd[^
5cS_RY\\Qc RbecXUc ?XTiPb ST d] \PcTaXP[ T[|RcaXRP\T]cT R^]SdRcXe^ VT]TaP[
\T]cT RPaQ] _a^RTbPS^ R^] VaPUXc^ `dT bT STb[XiP] b^QaT
_d]c^b ST R^]cPRc^ _Ta^ `dT cXT]T] \dh _^RP UaXRRX] ;Pb
TbR^QX[[Pb P[ STb[XiPabT b^QaT T[ R^[TRc^a SP] T[TRcaXRXSPS P[
X]SdRXS^ ST[ \^c^a
6eUbjQ 3_UbSYdYfQ
3_UbcYfU 6_bSU
;P aTbXbcT]RXP P [P STb\PV]TcXiPRX]* [P UdTaiP `dT caPcP ST
\P]cT]Ta [Pb _a^_XTSPSTb \PV]|cXRPb
-
6;>B0A8>
Page 66
4U^cYTQT
4U^cYdi
;P RP]cXSPS ST P[V^ ST]ca^ ST d] uaTP Tb_TRUXRP 4] RP\_^b
\PV]|cXR^b) [P RP]cXSPS ST []TPb ST UdTaiP ST]ca^ ST[
RP\_^* [P UdTaiP ST[ RP\_^
4UfQ^QT_ _
5]R_RY^QT_
gY^TY^W
0[P\QaT T]a^[[PS^ T] \dRWPb edT[cPb Tb_XaPb h
VT]TaP[\T]cT T] \[cX_[Tb RP_Pb R^\^ d] RPaaTcT ST WX[^ J1L
4YQ]QW^}dYS_c
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-
6;>B0A8>
Page 67
9^TeSYT_
Qb]QdebU
?XTiP `dT VXaP b^QaT bd TYT T] T[ \^c^a T[|RcaXR^ R^] ePaX^b
_d]c^b ST R^]cPRc^ 2^]Yd]c^ ST[ ]R[T^ STeP]PS^ R^[TRc^a
bX [^ WPh h b^_^acTb J1L
9^TeSSY^
Y^TeSdY_^
5T]\T]^ _^a T[ RdP[ bT T[TRcaXiP ^ bT \PV]TcXiP d] RdTa_^
STQXS^ P[ X]U[dY^ ST d] RP\_^ T[|RcaXR^ ^ \PV]|cXR^
-
6;>B0A8>
Page 68
@_\QbYTQT
]QW^}dYSQ
]QW^UdYS `_\QbYdi
BT aT[PRX^]P P R^bPb `dT cXT]T] S^b _^[^b \PV]|cXR^b =^acT
h Bda 7Ph `dT P[X]TPa =^acT R^] Bda _PaP ^QcT]Ta
_^[PaXSPS \PV]|cXRP J1L
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-
6;>B0A8>
Page 69
C_\U^_YTU
c_\U^_YT
3TeP]PS^ `dT _a^SdRT d] UdTacT RP\_^\PV]|cXR^ `dT PcaPT
\dTeT d] ]R[T^ ST WXTaa^ Sd[RT 4[ b^[T]^XST ST[
PaaP]`dT `dT \dTeT [P W^a`dX[[P ST \P]S^ `dT PR^_[P T[
\TRP]Xb\^ ST adTSP [XQaT ST[ _X] ST PaaP]`dT J1L
DQ`Qc @_\QbUc
`_\U cX_U
;Pb S^b cP_Pb UTaa^\PV]|cXRPb T] T[ a^c^a ST d] P[cTa]PS^a
;Pb cP_Pb bT edT[eT] T[TRca^X\u] cT\_^aP[\T]cT RdP]S^ [P
Q^QX]P ST RP\_^ [[TeP R^aaXT]cT J1L
-
6;>B0A8>
Page 70
-
?PVT &
FREIGHTLINER CORPORATION ENTRENAMIENTO A PASO AUTODETERMINADO
5\USdbYSYTQT2vcYSQ
= ;81A> 0184AC> Pb `dT _dTST R^]bd[cPa bd cTgc^ h
RdP[`dXTa ^caP UdT]cT ST X]U^a\PRX] ST 5A4867C;8=4A
;P @179>1 45 B5C@E5CD1C Tb [P \dY]Q 3Tb_a|]SP[P
;[T]T [P X]U^a\PRX] T] [P Tb`dX]P bd_TaX^a STaTRWP
?^]VP d] RaRd[^ P[aTSTS^a ST bd aTb_dTbcP T] [P _uVX]P ST aTb_dTbcPb
C4=60 2D8303> ]^ R^]Ud]SP [^b ]\Ta^b ST [P _aTVd]cP h [P
aTb_dTbcP
=^ R^]cTbcT [P _aTVd]cP ! T] [P []TP ST [P !!
2PSP _^RPb _aTVd]cPb PbTVaTbT ST `dT [^b ]\Ta^b b^] [^b \Xb\^b
BX Tbcu T] [P _aTVd]cP % [P ]\Ta^ $ STQT hP ST cT]Ta bd aTb_dTbcP
\PaRPSP
0[ R^\_[TcPa bd TgP\T] WPVP h VdPaST d]P U^c^R^_XP h T]caTVdT T[ ^aXVX]P[ P bd
6TaT]cT ST 3T_PacP\T]c^ ^ P [P _Tab^]P `dT bd 2^\_PP WPhP STbXV]PS^ _PaP
T[ _a^_bXc^ `dXT] bT T]RPaVPau ST R^aaTVXa[^ h RP[XUXRPa[^
2E5>1 CE5BD5 I=1>D5>71 CE @1C?
-
=17>5D9C=? 5H1=5>
Ponga un crculo a la que escoja en la Pgina de Respuestas
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D! BX d]P UdT]cT \PV]|cXRP PcaPT P d] ^QYTc^ ]^\PV]TcXiPS^ TbcT [cX\^ ]^
cXT]T _aTUTaT]RXP WPRXP Rdu[ ST [^b _^[^b Tb PcaPS^
1 2XTac^
2 5P[b^
D" ;P SXaTRRX] ST [P R^aaXT]cT X]SdRXSP ST_T]ST ST[ _^[^ \PV]|cXR^ `dT Tbc|
PcaPeTbP]S^ T[ R^]SdRc^a
1 2XTac^
2 5P[b^
D# BX [^b _^[^b ^_dTbc^b bT PcaPT] T]caT Pb @d| Tb_TaPaP `dT WXRXTaP] [^b _^[^b
XS|]cXR^b T]caT b.
1 0caPTabT
2 AT_T[TabT
3 =X]V] TUTRc^
D$ 4] d] \^c^a T[|RcaXR^ cT]T\^b) d] RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ d] R^]SdRc^a R^]
RP\X]^ R^\_[Tc^ h \^eX\XT]c^ caTb R^]SXRX^]Tb ]TRTbPaXPb _PaP _a^SdRXa)
1 E^[cPYT h ATbXbcT]RXP
2 0\_TaPYT h AT[dRcP]RXP
3 E^[cPYT h 0\_TaPYT
4 ATbXbcT]RXP h AT[dRcP]RXP
D% ;P RP]cXSPS ST [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ \PV]|cXR^ bT R^]^RT] R^\^)
1 ?^[PaXSPS
2 0\_TaPYT
3 3T]bXSPS
4 ATbXbcT]RXP
D& BT _dTST aTRcXUXRPa d]P R^aaXT]cT P[cTa]P _PaP WPRTa[P R^aaXT]cT SXaTRcP
dbP]S^)
1 ATVd[PS^aTb ST E^[cPYT
2 2^]ST]bPS^aTb
3 3X^S^b
4 4\_PVX]PS^aTb \PV]|cXR^b aTVd[PS^b
-
=17>5D9C=? 5H1=5>
Ponga un crculo a la que escoja en la Pgina de Respuestas
?PVT &"
D' 4] [P X[dbcaPRX] ST PaaXQP T[ X\u] 0 WP VXaPS^ b^QaT T[ TYT _^a`dT)
1 7Ph S^b _^[^b `dT bT PcaPT]
2 7Ph S^b _^[^b `dT bT aT_T[T]
3 0\Q^b 0 h 1
4 0[VdXT] [^ T\_dY
D( 4] [P X[dbcaPRX] ST PaaXQP T[ X\u] 0 _dTST VXaPa _Ta^ T[ 1 Tbcu UXY^ 2du[
_^[^ ST[ X\u] 0 bTau PcaPS^ P[ _^[^ = ST[ X\u] 1.
1 =^acT =
2 Bda B
3 =^ WPh bdUXRXT]cT X]U^a\PRX]
4 0\Q^b 0 h 1
D) ;Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ \PV]|cXR^)
1 CXT]T] SXaTRRX] _Ta^ ]^ U[dhT]
2 BT \dTeT] WPRXP [P STaTRWP R^] T[ aT[^Y
3 B^] ST[ [PS^ ^QbRda^
4 BT WP] XST]cXUXRPS^ R^\^ ^QYTc^b ^aQXcP]cTb
D! 4[ Paa^[[P\XT]c^ ST PcaPRRX] ST[ b^[T]^XST ST[ \^c^a ST PaaP]`dT WPRT R^ac^
RXaRdXc^ \XT]caPb T[ \^c^a ST PaaP]`dT VXaP
1 2XTac^
2 5P[b^
4YT
5XYPS^ T] _P_T[
-
=17>5D9C=? 5H1=5>
Ponga un crculo a la que escoja en la Pgina de Respuestas
?PVT
D!! 4] T[ SXQdY^ P]cTaX^a S]ST Tbcu R^[^RPS^ T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ \ub
UdTacT.NNNNNNN
1 3XaTRcP\T]cT T]caT [^b S^b R^]SdRc^aTb
2 4] [^ \ub P[TYPS^ ST [^b S^b R^]SdRc^aTb
3 3^]ST [Pb []TPb ST U[dY^ Tbcu] \ub RTaRP
4 0\QPb 0 h 2
D!" ;^b STeP]PS^b ST[ TbcPc^a ST[ P[cTa]PS^a)
1 ?a^SdRT] T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^
2 4b S^]ST bT _a^SdRT] E^[cPYT h R^aaXT]cT
3 4bcu] \^]cPS^b T] T[ a^c^a h VXaP] P [P eT[^RXSPS ST[ \^c^a
4 0\Q^b 1 h 2
D!# ;P R^aaXT]cT bT bd_[T P[ R^[TRc^a ST[ \^c^a _^a \TSX^ ST)
1 0]X[[^b SXeXSXS^b ^ _PacXS^b
2 8]SdRRX]
3 4bR^QX[[Pb
4 ;X\_XP_PaPQaXbPb
D!$ D] R^]cPRc^ ]^a\P[\T]cT RTaaPS^ aT`dXTaT `dT P[V^ _PbT _PaP `dT bT
R^\_[TcT T[ RXaRdXc^
1 2XTac^
2 5P[b^
D!% 2\^ _dTST aTU^aiPabT T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ ST d] STeP]PS^.
1 0d\T]cPa [P RP]cXSPS ST edT[cPb ST P[P\QaT
2 0d\T]cPa T[ P\_TaPYT P caPe|b ST[ STeP]PS^
3 8]bTacPa d] ]R[T^ ST WXTaa^ T] T[ RT]ca^ ST[ STeP]PS^
4 C^S^b [^b P]cTaX^aTb
R^]SdRc^aTb
-
=17>5D9C=? 5H1=5>
Ponga un crculo a la que escoja en la Pgina de Respuestas
?PVT &$
D!& 4] [P X[dbcaPRX] ST PaaXQP bX T[ X\u] 0 VXaP Rdu[ ST bdb _^[^b eP P
PRTaRPabT P[ _^[^ = ST[ X\u] 1.
1 Bda
2 =^acT
3 1PaQTa^
4 8]bdUXRXT]cT X]U^a\PRX]
D!' 4] [P X[dbcaPRX] ST PaaXQP _aX\Ta^ [P UdTaiP ST NNNNNNNeP P WPRTa `dT T[ X\u]
0 NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNT[ TYT
1 0caPRRX] bT `dTST `dXTc^ T]
2 AT_T[T]RXP VXaT P[aTSTS^a ST
3 1Tcd ET c P bPQTa
4 8]TUTRcXeXSPS bT `dTST `dXTc^ T]
D!( ;P Pa\PSdaP ST[ \^c^a VXaP _^a)
1 4[ e^[P]cT ST[ \^c^a
2 8]cTaPRRX] ST RP\_^b \PV]|cXR^b
3 D]P R^aaTP ST [P _^[TP ST[ RXVTP[
4 8]SdRRX]
D!) D] \^c^a T[|RcaXR^ STbPaa^[[P c^a`dT \ugX\^ ST bP[XSP)
1 0 P[cPb aTe^[dRX^]Tb _^a \X]dc^
2 0 QPYPb aTe^[dRX^]Tb _^a \X]dc^
3 2dP]S^ R^\XT]iP P VXaPa
4 2dP]S^ Tbcu QPY^ T[ P\_TaPYT
4YT
5XYPS^ T] _P_T[
-
=17>5D9C=? 5H1=5>
Ponga un crculo a la que escoja en la Pgina de Respuestas
?PVT &%
D" @d| _^SaP WPRTabT _PaP bT_PaPa [^b R^]SdRc^aTb T] [P X[dbcaPRX] P]cTaX^a.
1 =PSP
2 0d\T]cPa T[ P\_TaPYT T] P\Q^b RPQ[Tb
3 8]eTacXa T[ U[dY^ ST R^aaXT]cT T] d]^ ST [^b RPQ[Tb
4 1PYPa [P aTbXbcT]RXP T] P\Q^b RPQ[Tb
D"!
-
=17>5D9C=? 5H1=5>
Ponga un crculo a la que escoja en la Pgina de Respuestas
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D"$ ;^b R^]cPRc^b T] T[ R^[TRc^a cXT]T] PXb[P\XT]c^ T]caT b
1 2XTac^
2 5P[b^
D"% 4] d] X\u] S]ST Tbcu T[ \Ph^a ]\Ta^ ST []TPb ST U[dY^ `dT Tbcu] RTaRP
T]caT b.
1 ;P RP]cXSPS ST []TPb Tb bXT\_aT [P \Xb\P
2 4] [^b _^[^b
3 ;TY^b ST[ X\u]
4 3T_T]ST ST bX Tb X\u] _Ta\P]T]cT ^ cT\_^aP[
D"& 4] d] \^c^a T[|RcaXR^ [^b RP\_^b \PV]|cXR^b Tbcu])
1 6XaP]S^
2
-
=17>5D9C=? 5H1=5>
Ponga un crculo a la que escoja en la Pgina de Respuestas
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D#! D] ]R[T^ ST WXTaa^ Sd[RT R^] RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^ eP P RPdbPa)
1
-
=17>5D9C=? 5H1=5>
Ponga un crculo a la que escoja en la Pgina de Respuestas
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D#' 4] [^b X\P]Tb _Ta\P]T]cTb h cT\_^aP[Tb Rdu[Tb b^] [^b _^[^b `dT bT PcaPT].
1 =^acT h =^acT
2 =^acT h Bda
3 Bda h Bda
4 0\Q^b 0 h 2
D#( ;^b P[P\QaTb `dT bP[T] ST[ bT]b^a ST[ cPR\Tca^ b^]) NNN
1 B^] _PacT ST[ bXbcT\P ST 2^aaXT]cT 3XaTRcP ST[ RP\X]
2 2^]TRcPS^b P _^[^ P cXTaaP _^a [P RPYP ST [P RP\_P]P
3 Bdb _a^_X^b RXaRdXc^b X]ST_T]SXT]cTb ST ^ca^b
4 0[X\T]cPS^b _^a R^aaXT]cT ST [P QPcTaP
D#) D] SX^S^)
1 ?Ta\XcT T[ _Pb^ ST [P R^aaXT]cT b[^ T] d]P SXaTRRX]
2
-
=17>5D9C=? 5H1=5>
Ponga un crculo a la que escoja en la Pgina de Respuestas
?PVT '
D$# ;P R^aaXT]cT Pdc^X]SdRXSP )NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN
1 BT \dTeT T] [P SXaTRRX] ^_dTbcP ST [P R^aaXT]cT `dT _a^SdY^
T[ RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^
2 BT \dTeT T] [P \Xb\P SXaTRRX] ST [P R^aaXT]cT `dT _a^SdY^ T[
RP\_^ \PV]|cXR^
3 CaPcP ST TeXcPa T[ RP\QX^
4 C^SPb [Pb caTb P]cTaX^aTb
D$$ 2dP]cPb \ub []TPb ST U[dY^ \PV]|cXR^ PcaPeXTbP] T[ R^]SdRc^a \Ph^a Tb
NNNNNNNNNNNNNNN `dT bT X]SdRT
1 ;P aT[dRcP]RXP
2 ;P aTbXbcT]RXP
3 4[ e^[cPYT
4 ;^b S^b P]cTaX^aTb 1 h 2
D$% ;^b 4[TRca^X\P]Tb b^] 8\P]Tb CT\_^aP[Tb
1 2XTac^
2 5P[b^
D$& ;Pb Tb_XaPb ST d] STeP]PS^ ]^ Tbcu] PXb[PSPb h bT c^RP]
1 2XTac^
2 5P[b^
D$' @d| STcTa\X]P [P _^[PaXSPS _^bXRX^]Tb =^acT h Bda ST d] RP\_^
\PV]|cXR^ VT]TaPS^ _^a d] STeP]PS^.
1 4[ cP\P^ ST[ R^]SdRc^a
2 ;P SXaTRRX] ST[ U[dY^ ST R^aaXT]cT T] T[ STeP]PS^
3 ;P [^RP[XiPRX] VT^VauUXRP ST [P cXTaaP
4 ;P SXbcP]RXP T]caT T[ STeP]PS^ h T[ ]R[T^
D$( ;Pb R^aaXT]cTb 4SSh)
1 B^] R^aaXT]cT X]SdRXSP T] d]P TbcadRcdaP ST WXTaa^
2 B^] ST [^b \PaTb ?PRUXR^ h 0c[u]cXR^
3 BT aTSdRT] R^] _[PRPb [P\X]PSPb
4 0\Q^b 0 h 2
-
=17>5D9C=? 5H1=5>
Ponga un crculo a la que escoja en la Pgina de Respuestas
?PVT '
D$)
![ELECTRICIDAD BASICA[1]](https://static.fdocument.pub/doc/165x107/5571f8dc49795991698e3f9f/electricidad-basica1.jpg)
