Grammar Review

Unit 1 - 2

PHRASES

•Group of words

•Sing [1 word]

•Singing in the rain

•NOT a complete sentence

ADD SOME WORDS TO FORM A PHRASE

Cat - a cat on a hot tin roof

Bookstore - bookstore around the corner

Candies - a bag of delicious pink candies

CLAUSES [DETAILS IN COMPLEX SENTENCE]

•Subject + verb

•Two [2] types

•Main [Independent] clause

•Can stand alone

•Subordinate clause

•FRAGMENT if stands alone

SENTENCES

•Simple sentence

•Compound sentence

•Complex sentence

SIMPLE SENTENCE

•Minimum of a subject & a verb

•Independent clause = can stand alone

•A cat sat on a mat

•The cat was sleeping

COMPOUND SENTENCE

•Two [2] simple sentences joined together with

•Coordinating conjunction

•FANBOYS

•Comma [,] between clauses

EXAMPLE

•Odie is about to have a hotdog, and Garfield is standing behind him.

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

•For - because || Yet - but

•I will love the light, for it shows me the way, yet I will love the darkness because it shows me the stars.

•Nor - and [in negative]

•A gem is not polished without rubbing, nor is a man perfect without trials.

COMPLEX SENTENCE

•Main clause & subordinate clause

•Main clause can stand alone

•Subordinate clause CANNOT

EXAMPLE

•I don’t like to go out when it rains.

•I don’t like to go out - main clause as it makes sense when standing alone

•when it rains - subordinate clause since it causes FRAGMENT when standing alone

SUBORDINATE CLAUSES

•Adverb clause

•Relative clause

•Noun clause

ADVERB CLAUSE

•Used as modifier to the main clause

•Time: before, after, when

•Condition: if, unless, provided that

•Reason: because, as, since

•Concession: although

EXAMPLE

•Although time seems to fly, it never travels faster than one day at a time. -- Steve Malabori

•I will search for you through a thousand worlds and ten thousand lifetimes until I find you. -- 47 Ronin

RELATIVE CLAUSE

•Function as an adjective to the noun that precedes

•The company is hiring a new programmer who has experience in Java program.

•The girl whose cat is missing is very sad.

RELATIVE PRONOUN

•Who/whom

•Which

•Where

•When

•Why

•That

NOUN CLAUSE

•Function as a noun in a sentence

•Do you know where we are?

•I can’t believe that you are so mean.

•What she said is totally wrong.

COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE

•2+ independent clauses AND

•1+ dependent clause[s]

•While Jane is waiting for her friend, Jill, who is always late, she has a good time watching people walking by, and she quite likes this time to herself.