El Rayo Laser
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7/18/2019 El Rayo Laser
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EL LASER EN LA VIDA
CO TIDIANA
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¿QUE CAMBIO EL R
LASER?
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LA H I S T O
R IA D E L
LA S E R
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COMO SURGE EL LASER Y CON QUEFUNDAMENTOS
(1916-1960)
L !"# "#$ $%&#' &'!* "# '#$+!,' +,+#./,&%&!+,& +,2, #$ "# $ #2!&!* #&/!2$" 3"!4#'#/#& /5+!+& "#&'',$$"& # #$ $,'/,'!,+, /#'!,'!"" +,2, #$ ,2#, *./!+, , #$ 2%&#'(4+!,2!#/, %&!+, "#$ 2!+',,"&)
E$ .'!2#' $&#' 4+!,", # $,'/,'!,.'#+!* # 1960 &! #2', /'"', 7'!,& 8,&
.' # $ +'#+!* 3 4&!* "# "!7#'&& /#,':&"!#' +,2, '#&$/", #$ $&#'
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TEORIA DE LA EMISION ES T
IMULADA
(1916-191;)
• Conceptofundamental,desarrollado
por Einstein.
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PRIMERAS OBSER VACIO
NES QUE INDICABAN
LA E<IS TENCIA DE LA E
MISION ES TIMULADA
(19=>)
• R",$4 L"#' 3 H&,.4#'2 +,2.',', $/#,': "# E!&/#! 3 #&/"!', $.',.+!* "# $ $@ /'75& "# & #* .'#7!2#/##+!/", 2#"!/# "#&+'
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SEGUNDA CORROBORACION
E<PERIMEN TAL DE LA EMISION
ES TIMULADA
• !$$!& E L2 ' Y R,#'/C R#/#'4,'" #&/"!",$ #&/'+/' "#$%/,2, "# !"'*#,
!"#/!+', "# #7, $.'#&#+! "# $ #2!&!*#&/!2$" # &&,&#'7+!,#&
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PRIMER LASER FUNCIONAND EN ELLABORATIRIO(LASER DE RUBI 1960)
• S+$, T,#& 3 G,$" #&/ +,7#+!",&"# # /#! # &#' +, 2#"!, +/!7, "# &
• H#,",'# H,'" M!2 +'#, #$ .'!2#' $&#'/!$!@", '! +,2, 2#"!, +/!7, 3+,&!&/!, %&!+2#/# #
•
U +'!&/$ "# ': ',"#", .,' $%2.' "#& .' ,2#' #$ +'!&/$ +", $$%2.' &# .,: 4+!,' .'#+: $@ $%&#'"# +,$,' ',, .,' , "# $,& #/'#2,& "#$+'!&/$
• JJKLA ERA DEL LASER HABIA NACIDOK
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LASERLIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION(AMPLIFICACION DE LU POR EMISION DE RADIACION)
•
Light (luz): '##'# $ '"!+!* #$#+/',25/!+ $/'7!,$#/ 7!&!$# , !4'• Amli!"#ti$% &' Stimul#t Emi**i$%: E$ $%&#' /!## $ +.+!"" "# 2
$ $@ /'75& "#$ 4#*2#, "# #2!&!* #&/!2$"K
POR DEFINIC
ION
• E$ ' 3, $%&#' #&
(- &!& /#2 "#
2.$! ++!*- "# $ $( @ 9(# .',"(+#
“+# '$* "$i%"i)(%
t(*” "# #-,'2#
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$#& .'#&#- /- ,-"
& "#
!)($ 4'#+(#-+! 9
(# &!#2.'# #& /%- #-
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“RAYO COINCIDEN!E”E$ $&#' ##' ,"& $2!,&& +,
,%i"# l$%gitu- "# ," # 4&# & +,,/'& 3 /,"& # $ mi*m# i+""i.%-
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CARAC !ER" !ICA
• Monocromaticidad: #2!/# '"!+!* #$#+/',25/!+ "# &,$ $,!/" "# ,"
• Coherencia espacial odireccionabilidad: $ '"!+!* $%&#'/!## "!7#'#+! 23 .##8
• Coherencia temporal (Rayos
coincidentes): $ $@ $%&#' &#/'&2!/# "# 2,", .'$#$, # !+ "!'#++!*
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CO#PONEN!E DE$RAYO$AER
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ESPEOS
•
E$ $&#' +#/ +, ",& #&.#,&.'$#$,& # $,& #/'#2,& "#$+$#, , '##/# 3 ,/',!'##/# # .#'2!/# #$ .&,"# .'/# "# $@ # $# $$#
• L,& 4,/,#& +'#",& # #$ +$#,'#,/ # $,& #&.#,& +'#", &
7#& 2& 4,/,#& 3 ,& "# #$$,&#&+. .,' #$ #&.#, !'##/#+'#", #$ $&#' 7!&!$#
REFLEANTE
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EL E<I TADOR
• S# #+#/' $", "#$ +$#, & 4+!* #& #+!/' $,& #$#+/',#& "#$ 2"#$ # #&/ +,2.#&/, #$ +$#,
• E&/# .#"# &#' $%2.' "# "#&/#$$,& , ",& #$#+/',",& # .',"+# "#&+' "# $/ /#&!*
L e%citaci&n #& #$#7+!*
##': "# &!&/#2 4:&!+, .,' "# ##': "# '#4#'#+! '!/''
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“N'C$EO
”• E& #$ 2#"!, # ","# &# ##' $,&
4,/,#& #!&/# &,$!",& "# & 3!+,"+/,'#&
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LASER CON NUC
LEO
DE GAS
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LASER DE GASNEUTRO (H#-N#)
U&, #/#"!", .#', 3 &&/!/!", .,' $%&#'#& "#!+,"+/,'
C,2.+/, .,'/%/!$ 3 &#+!$$, # .$!++!,#& #, '#!#' $/ .,/#+!
L,!/" "# ," 6=> 2 ',,
L' 7!"
H# (>) N# (1)
E+!/+!* .,' "#&+'
U&, I2.'#&!* $&#' $#+/,'#& "# +*"!, "# ''&$!#2!#/,& 2#/',$,: #/+
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LASER DE GASIONIADO (A'*)
M$/!.$#& $:#& "# #2!&!* 7!&!$# 3 # $/'7!,$#/>> 2 (@$)
1 2 (7#'"#)
O" +,/!
M3,' .,/#+! # , "# (N#-H#) .#', 2#,' 7!"
F+!, +, & ,$# !,!@", 2#"!/#
"#&+'& "# $/ /#&!*P'#&!, 3 /#2.#'/' $/& # ,+&!,#& #+#&!/ &!&/#2 "# #4'!2!#/, .,'
C7!"" "# &/ =2
U&,& 2#"!+! 2#/',$,: !2.'#&,'& ,$,'#/+
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LASER MOLECULAR (CO=)
B,2#, /'75& "# !/'*#, (# ,+&!,#& H#)P,/#+! "# "#+#& "# !$,7/!,&
I&/$+!, +,2.$# 3 +'
E2!&!, "# ," +,/! , # .$&,&
R#"!2!#/, "# &/ #$ 0
C,/##",'#& (/,&) "# 7'!,& 2#/',&
U&,& +,'/# &,$""' .#'4,'", 2#"!+! 3+!'!
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LASER DE E<IMERO
M,$5+$& "!/*!+& # .#"# #&/' #+!/"&+, 7!" 2#"!
G& ,$# (A' ' <#) H$*#, ( F C$ B' I)
E2!&!* $/'7!,$#/
R5!2# "# .$&,&
E+!/+!* .,' "#&+'
C,'/ 7!" .,+ +$!"" "#$ @
U&,& 4,/,'4: $/'7!,$#/ 3 +!': ,+$'
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BASADO EN IONES DENEODIMIO
R5!2# "# ," .$&", , +,/!,L,!/" "# ," "# 106 2!+'& =2 &/=2
M/#'!$ .'!+!.$ YAG (YA$O1=) #,"!2!, +,2,!2.'#@ $ =
P,' /'$#@ #& !4'',, .#', .,' $ ".$!++!* 3/'!.$!++!* "# $,!/" "# ," &$2#/# #& 7#'"#
U&,& .',+#&,& "# 2/#'!$#& 2#"!+! "#/#++!*#/+
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LASERES VIBRONICOS
(AFIRO)C'7 "# +! 2& + "# $,& $%&#'#& "##&/", &,$!",
A'+ +&! /,", #$ ', 7!&!$# ! !4''',,
P#"# &#' ",$",& # 4'#+#+!
R#!2# +,/!, , .$&",
B,2#, +, ,/', $&#'
U&,& .$&2& #2!&!* "# '3,& #/+