/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

6HPHQ5HYXHGHVpPLROLQJXLVWLTXHGHVWH[WHVHWGLVFRXUV

_/HVQRWHVPDQXVFULWHVGH%HQYHQLVWHVXUODODQJXHGH%DXGHODLUH'RVVLHUWKpPDWLTXH

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH*e5$5''(66216S

5pVXPpV

&HV PDQXVFULWV TXL UHSUpVHQWHQW OpWDW LQDFKHYp GXQH UHFKHUFKH VXU OH ODQJDJHSRpWLTXHVRQWODWHQWDWLYHGHSHQVHUjWUDYHUVOpWXGHGHV)OHXUVGXPDOXQHVLJQLILDQFHSDUWLFXOLqUH GX ODQJDJH%LHQ TXH OHV SURWRFROHV GDQDO\VH UHOqYHQW VRXYHQW GXQSRLQW GHYXHVW\OLVWLTXHFDWpJRULHVGH OD ODQJXHHPSORLGH ODQRWLRQGH IUpTXHQFHFHVWELHQXQHYLVpHSDUWLFXOLqUHVSpFLILTXHjODSUDWLTXHSRpWLTXHTXLHVWSRXUVXLYLHTXLpWHQGODV\QWD[HMXVTXjODULPH

7KHVH PDQXVFULSWV UHSUHVHQW WKH XQILQLVKHG VWDWH RI %HQYHQLVWHV UHVHDUFK RQ SRHWLFODQJXDJH WKURXJK WKH VWXG\ RI %DXGHODLUHV /HV )OHXUV GX PDO 'HVSLWH WKH XVH RIWHFKQLTXHVRIDQDO\VLVERUURZHGIURPVW\OLVWLFVWKHUHDOSXUSRVHRIWKHVHQRWHVWXUQVRXWWREHWKHGHVFULSWLRQRIDVSHFLILFZD\RIPHDQLQJSURSHUWRWKHSRHP

(QWUpHVGLQGH[

0RWVFOpV SRqPHGLVFRXUVSRpWLTXHVW\OLVWLTXHVpPDQWLTXH.H\ZRUGV GLVFRXUVHSRHPSRHWLFVVHPDQWLFVVW\OLVWLFV

7H[WHLQWpJUDO

2QOLWOHSRqPHSRXUUpSpWHUOHVV\OODEHVHQFKDQWpHV(PLOH%HQYHQLVWH

%HQYHQLVWH D HQWUHSULV GH UpIOpFKLU VXU OH ODQJDJH SRpWLTXH SRXU WHQWHUGH[SOLTXHUHQFHWWHFLUFRQVWDQFHSDUWLFXOLqUHTXHFRQVWLWXHOHPRPHQWGXSRqPHFHSRXYRLUP\VWpULHX[GX ODQJDJHGH FUpHUXQPRQGHTXL VLJQLILHSRXU WRXV HW VRLW HQPrPHWHPSVRULJLQDO/XYUHGH%DXGHODLUHGRQWODSXLVVDQWHRULJLQDOLWpVH[SULPHGDQVXQHIRUPHDSSDUHPPHQWFODVVLTXHLQFDUQHDXSOXVKDXWSRLQWFHWWH

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

/DSODFHGXSRqPH

GRXEOHTXDOLWp,OQHVWSDVH[FHVVLIGHGLUHTXHFHWWHXYUHDH[HUFpVXU%HQYHQLVWHXQHYpULWDEOHIDVFLQDWLRQ j WHO SRLQW TXLO FRQYRTXH OD PpWDSKRUH GX PLUDFOH SRXU H[SULPHU OHVHQWLPHQW GH OH[DFWLWXGH GX GLW HW GX GLUH FH TXH OH SRqWH GLW HW OHVPRWV TXLOFKRLVLWSRXUOHGLUHFRwQFLGHQWPLUDFXOHXVHPHQWRXSRXUH[DOWHUDYHFXQO\ULVPHpWRQQDQWODYHUWXWUDQVVXEMHFWLYHGXQHXYUHFDSDEOHGHWUDQVSRUWHUOHOHFWHXUGDQVXQH UpDOLWp SXUHPHQW ODQJDJLqUH &HOXL TXL UpSqWH FHV YHUV DFFqGH j FHW XQLYHUVVHFRQG TXL HVW WRXW HQWLHU LQFOXV GDQV OHVPRWV DVVHPEOpV SDU OH SRqWH2PLUDFOHSHUPDQHQW{FRQIXVHPHUYHLOOHTXHFHWWHILFWLRQGHYHQDQWVXSUrPHUpDOLWpGDQVHWSDUOHVPRWV

/H WUDYDLO HQWUHSULV VXU /HV )OHXUV GX PDO QRXV LPSRUWH GRXEOHPHQW 'DERUGpYLGHPPHQWSRXUODFRQQDLVVDQFHTXHSHXWDSSRUWHUVXU OXYUHGH%DXGHODLUHXQHGpPDUFKH DXVVL VLQJXOLqUH TXH FHOOH GXQ OLQJXLVWH FRPPH %HQYHQLVWH HQVXLWH HWVDQV GRXWH HVVHQWLHOOHPHQW SDUFH TXH FHWWH UHFKHUFKH D SRXU HQMHX SULQFLSDO XQIRQFWLRQQHPHQW VSpFLILTXH GX ODQJDJH TXL pFKDSSH DX[ SURWRFROHV GH ODQDO\VHOLQJXLVWLTXH/HSUREOqPHSRXUQRXVTXLOLVRQVFHVQRWHVFHVWTXHOHWUDYDLOQHVWSDVDFKHYp 'HVWLQp VHORQ WRXWH YUDLVHPEODQFH j XQ DUWLFOH SRXU OD UHYXH /DQJDJHVHQYLVDJpVRXVOHWLWUH/DODQJXHGH%DXGHODLUHOHSURMHWQDSDVDERXWL

3RXUWDQW ELHQ TXH FHWWH UHFKHUFKH VRLW UHVWpH j OpWDW GH FKDQWLHU HOOH QHVW SDVUHVWpHVDQVHIIHWSRXUODUpIOH[LRQGH%HQYHQLVWHVXUOHODQJDJH(QHIIHWRQSHXWHQHQWHQGUH GHV pFKRV GDQV ODUWLFOH 6pPLRORJLH GH OD ODQJXH TXRLTXH FHWH[WH FHQWUp VXU OD GLVWLQFWLRQ GXQH VLJQLILDQFH VpPLRWLTXH HW GXQH VLJQLILDQFHDUWLVWLTXH VRLW SULYp GH WRXW GpYHORSSHPHQW VSpFLILTXH VXU OD ODQJXH SRpWLTXH $LQVL OHVGHX[WH[WHVWUDLWHQWGH ODTXHVWLRQGH OXQLWpGHVXYUHVGDUWPDLVDORUVTXHOHVQRWHVVXU%DXGHODLUHLQFOXHQWOHSRqWHjOLQWpULHXUGXSDUDGLJPHDUWLVWLTXH/DFRXOHXUODPDWLqUHOHVVRQVVRQWOHVPDWpULDX[GHVDUWLVWHVSHLQWUHVFXOSWHXUPXVLFLHQ(WOHSRqWH"/HSRqWHFRPELQHGHVPRWV/HVPRWVVRQWOHPDWpULDXVXUOHTXHOLOWUDYDLOOH>@/HSHLQWUHjODLGHGHVHVFRXOHXUVIDLWXQWDEOHDXOHVFXOSWHXUDYHFVDPDWLqUHIDLWXQHVFXOSWXUHOHPXVLFLHQDYHFOHVVRQVIDLWXQHFRPSRVLWLRQPXVLFDOH(W OHSRqWH"/HSRqWHDYHFVHVPRWV IDLWXQSRqPHXQHFUpDWLRQTXLH[SORLWH OHV PRWV j FHUWDLQHV ILQV ODUWLFOH 6pPLRORJLH GH OD ODQJXH QHOLQWqJUHSDVGDQVOHSDUDGLJPHTXLUpXQLWOHPXVLFLHQOHSHLQWUHHWOHVFXOSWHXU

&HWWHDEVHQFHGHUpIpUHQFHDXODQJDJHSRpWLTXHH[SOLTXHSHXWrWUHTXHODUWLFOHTXLWUDLWH GH OD VLJQLILDQFH OLQJXLVWLTXH HW DUWLVWLTXH DLW SX rWUH DFKHYp HW SXEOLp (QpOXGDQWODTXHVWLRQGXSRqPHLOFRQVHUYDLWXQHFRKpUHQFHLQWHUQHFRQWUDLUHPHQWDXWUDYDLODORUVHQFRXUVVXU/HV)OHXUVGXPDOTXLSRVDLWWURSGHTXHVWLRQVSRXUSRXYRLUJpQpUHUGHVFRQFOXVLRQVPrPHSURYLVRLUHV

'DQVOHVQRWHVPDQXVFULWHVOHQMHXGXSRqPHHVWFODLUHPHQWDXVXMHWGXODQJDJHODTXHVWLRQGHODUW$LQVLjSURSRVGHODODQJXHSRpWLTXH/DUWQDSDVGDXWUHILQTXHFHOOHGDEROLU OH VHQVFRPPXQHWGH IDLUHpSURXYHU XQHDXWUH UpDOLWpSOXVYUDLHHWTXHQRXVQDXULRQVVXGpFRXYULUVDQVODUWLVWH/DUWHQWHQGXFRPPHFUpDWLRQHVWXQHSUDWLTXHGXODQJDJHGRQWODVSpFLILFLWppFKDSSHjODOLQJXLVWLTXHGHOpQRQFLDWLRQHWTXLOIDXWDSSURFKHUGLIIpUHPPHQW

2QSHXWLPDJLQHUSOXVLHXUVUDLVRQVSRXUH[SOLTXHUOLQDFKqYHPHQWGHFHWUDYDLO/DSOXVYUDLVHPEODEOHHVWTXHFHOXLFLHVWSRUWHXUGXQHUHFKHUFKHDSRUpWLTXHDGRSWDQWjOD IRLV OH SRLQW GH YXH GX VW\OH DYHF VHV SURFpGXUHV GDQDO\VH TXL HPSUXQWHQW j ODJUDPPDLUH j OD UKpWRULTXH HW j OD OLQJXLVWLTXH HW FHOXL GX SRqPH FHWWH ODQJXHSRpWLTXHTXH%HQYHQLVWHFKHUFKHjGpFULUHXQHODQJXHGRQWRQDMXVTXjSUpVHQWjSHLQHVRXSoRQQpOpWHQGXHODULFKHVVHODQDWXUHVLQJXOLqUHHWTXLGRLWrWUHFRQVLGpUpHHQHOOHPrPHHWSRXUHOOHPrPH&HVGHX[SRLQWVGHYXHVRQWGH

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

MarceloPARA DESSONS EL ARTE ESCAPA A LA LINGUISTICA DE LA ECCION, PARA J-M ADAM EL DISCURSO POETICO (O SEA LA OBRA DE ARTE DE LENGUAJE) ESTA BASADA EN LA LINGUISTICA DE LA ECCION????

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

/HVREMHFWLIV

IDLWWKpRULTXHPHQWHWPpWKRGRORJLTXHPHQWLQFRPSDWLEOHV0DLVSRXULQGpSDVVDEOHTXH VRLW FHWWH RSSRVLWLRQ HOOH QHQ HVW SDV PRLQV HIILFLHQWH SDU VD SUREOpPDWLTXHPrPH/HV QRWHV VXU OH ODQJDJH SRpWLTXH LQDERXWLHV FRQVWLWXHQW GRQF XQ WH[WHVLQJXOLHU SDUFH TXLO UHVWH XQ WH[WH GHVVDL XQ WH[WH GH UpJODJH R WRXW VH WHQWHVpQRQFH FHTXRQ VDLWGpMj HW FHTXRQ FKHUFKH XQ WH[WH j OD WHPSRUDOLWp HW DX[HQWUpHVPXOWLSOHV LQDFKHYp HW ODFXQDLUH ,O IDXW GRQF JDUGHUSUpVHQW j OHVSULW TXHORUVTXRQ ULVTXH LFL XQ FRPPHQWDLUH XQH pYDOXDWLRQ RQ DGRSWH XQH OHFWXUHpJDOLVDQWHSRXUXQHQVHPEOHTXLD ODFRPSOH[LWpGXYROXPHQ HW OHGLVFRQWLQXGH ODUHFKHUFKH2QGHYUDGRQFVHVDWLVIDLUHGHFHSRLQWGHYXHTXLQHUHQGFHUWDLQHPHQWSDV FRPSWH GH OD FRPSOH[LWp GXQH WHQWDWLYH VXU OKLVWRLUH GH ODTXHOOH LO \ DFHUWDLQHPHQWHQFRUHEHDXFRXSjDSSUHQGUH

2Q SHXW FRPPHQFHU j UpIOpFKLU VXU FHWWH HQWUHSULVH HQ VLQWHUURJHDQW VXU OHVREMHFWLIVTXHSRXUVXLW%HQYHQLVWHGDQVFHWUDYDLO,OVDJLWPRLQVG\IDLUHXQHpWXGHGHODSRpVLHGH%DXGHODLUHYRLUHGHV)OHXUVGXPDOTXHGpWXGLHUFHWREMHWpWUDQJHTXH%HQYHQLVWH RQ OD YX GpVLJQH LQGLIIpUHPPHQW FRPPH ODQJXH SRpWLTXH RX ODQJDJH SRpWLTXH &HVW SRXUTXRL %HQYHQLVWH SUpYLHQW TXLO QH VDJLUD SDV GHVHQJDJHUGDQVOHGpPRQWDJHGXQHSLqFHGHYHUVFRQVLGpUpHFRPPHXQREMHWjODPDQLqUHGH-DNREVRQHW/HYL6WUDXVVGDQVOHXUDQDO\VHGHV&KDWV

/LPSRUWDQFH HVW FODLUHPHQW PLVH VXU OD GLPHQVLRQ pWKLTXH GH OD UHODWLRQFULWLTXHQRXVpWXGLRQVjODIRLVXQHSRpVLHHWXQSRqWH/DSRpVLHHVWFHOOHGXQ KRPPH SDUWLFXOLHU HOOH pQRQFH VHV pPRWLRQV VHV REVHVVLRQV OHV JUDQGVVFKqPHVGLUHFWHXUVGHVDVHQVLELOLWp(QIDLWLOHVWLPSRUWDQWTXHODSSURFKHGHODSRpVLHVRLWHQPrPHWHPSVXQHDSSURFKHGXVXMHWFHTXLHVWFRKpUHQWDYHFODWKpRULH OLQJXLVWLTXH GH OpQRQFLDWLRQ WHOOH TXHOOH DSSDUDvW GDQV OHV 3UREOqPHV GHOLQJXLVWLTXHJpQpUDOH

2UHWOjFRPPHQFHXQSUHPLHUSUREOqPHTXLHVWSHXWrWUHOHSUREOqPHODQRWLRQGH VXMHW VH WURXYH SULVH GDQV FHV QRWHV HQWUH XQ SRLQW GH YXH HVWKpWLTXHSV\FKRORJLTXH HW XQ SRLQW GH YXH SRpWLTXH /H SRLQW GH YXHYLVp HVW SRpWLTXH FHVWFHOXL GXQH VSpFLILFLWp GX ODQJDJH M\ UHYLHQGUDL 0DLV OH SRLQW GH YXH pQRQFp HVWSULQFLSDOHPHQW HVWKpWLTXH (Q SDUODQW GX ODQJDJH SRpWLTXH %HQYHQLVWH GLWGDLOOHXUVTXHVDQDWXUHHVWHVWKpWLTXHDYHFDXFHQWUHGHODUpIOH[LRQODFDWpJRULHSV\FKRORJLTXHGHOpPRWLRQ/HVPRWVVRQWFKRLVLVHWDVVHPEOpVHQYHUWXQRQGXQHLGpH j pQRQFHUPDLV GDERUG GXQH pPRWLRQ j UHQGUH VHQVLEOH FDU FHVW DX[ VHQVTXLOV VDGUHVVHQW GDERUG HW FHVW GH OpPRWLRQ TXpPDQH OLGpH HQ SRpVLH /HPHVVDJH HVW GRQF GDERUG FKDUJp GH FRPPXQLTXHU XQH pPRWLRQ /LGpH HVWRPQLSUpVHQWHGDQVFHVQRWHV/DSRpVLHHVWXQODQJDJHFKDUJpGpPRWLRQ>@7RXWGRLWrWUHGpILQLpYDOXpFODVVLILpGDSUqVOHFULWqUHpPRWLRQQHO/DQDWXUHPrPH GX ODQJDJH SRpWLTXH ODQJDJH GH OpPRWLRQ /D SRpVLH HVW ODYHUEDOLVDWLRQGHOpPRWLRQHQTXRLHOOHVRSSRVHDXODQJDJHGLWRUGLQDLUHOHTXHOHVWHVVHQWLHOOHPHQWQRWLRQQHOYLVDQWjFRQYR\HUXQPHVVDJH

/pPRWLRQSHXW WUqVELHQGLUHTXHOTXHFKRVHGH ODSRpWLFLWpPDLVVLHOOHQHVWSDVOREMHWGXQHWKpRULVDWLRQFULWLTXHHOOHSRUWHDYHFHOOHXQSRLGVSV\FKRORJLTXHTXLPHWOpWKLTXHGXF{WpGH OLQGLYLGXHPSLULTXHFHTXL LQFLWHjXQHVRUWLHGXVXMHWKRUVGXGLVFRXUV ,O HVW V\PSWRPDWLTXH DORUV TXRQ YRLH DSSDUDvWUH OHV QRWLRQV GH SURFpGpV PR\HQV LQVWUXPHQW YpKLFXOH TXL OXL VRQW FRUUpOpHV /pPRWLRQ IDLW DFFLGHQWHOOHPHQWSURGXLUHGDQV OH ODQJDJHRUGLQDLUHGHVSURFpGpVSRpWLTXHV OHVPR\HQV TXL UHOqYHQW GX VW\OH SURSUH j FHWWH pQRQFLDWLRQ 'DQVOpPRWLRQVLJQLILTXH OLQVWUXPHQWHVW OD MX[WDSRVLWLRQGDQVXQHVHFWLRQLQWLWXOpH7HUPLQRORJLHjLQYHQWHU%HQYHQLVWHSURSRVHGHQYLVDJHU

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

+RUL]RQVVW\OLVWLTXHV

YHFWHXU SRXU GLUH WHUPH TXL YpKLFXOH GHV DVVRFLDWLRQV SRpWLTXHVSHUVRQQHOOHV/H VRXYHQLU GH OD FRQFHSWLRQ LQVWUXPHQWDOH YpKLFXODLUH GX ODQJDJHDIIDLEOLWOHSDUWLSULVGHSRpWLFLWpDIILUPpSDUDLOOHXUVFHVRQWOHVFKRVHVGLWHV TXLVRQW ODSRpVLHQRQFHjTXRLHOOHVUHQYRLHQWHQSUpFLVDQWTXHFHGLUHHVWXQIDLUH OD ODQJXHSRpWLTXHHWSOXVSUpFLVpPHQW ODSRpWLTXHQH FRQVLVWHSDVjGLUHPDLV j IDLUH /H SRLQW GH YXH LQVWUXPHQWDOLVWH ULVTXH GH GpSRpWLVHU ODFRQFHSWLRQGHODXWHXUSRXUWDQWGpVLJQpFRPPHOHIDLVHXUSRLqWqVSRXUHQIDLUHXQIDEULFDQWXQDUWLVDQSRVLWLRQTXLVHUHQIRUFHDORUVGHOHPSORLGHODQRWLRQGHPDWpULDX>/HSRqWH@XVHGHVPRWVFRPPHGXQPDWpULDX,OIDXWWUDLWHUOHVPRWVFRPPHPDWpULDXSRXUVXVFLWHUODYLVLRQ'DQVOpYRFDWLRQOHPRWHVW WUDLWp FRPPH PDWpULDX &DU FRPPH LO HVW LPSOLTXp GDQV 'H ODVXEMHFWLYLWpGDQVODODQJDJHRQQHSHXWVRUWLUGXODQJDJH1LOHSRqWHQLOHOLQJXLVWHQHOHSHXYHQW/HODQJDJHQHVWULHQVDQVOHVXMHWTXLOHSDUOHHWFRPSRVHUXQSRqPHRX DQDO\VHU XQ SRqPH VRQW GHV DFWLYLWpV pQRQFLDWLYHV 6DJLVVDQW GX ODQJDJHODWWLWXGHSRVLWLYLVWHQHVWSOXVSHUWLQHQWHOREMHWHVWLQGLVVRFLDEOHGXVXMHW

2QOHYHUUDODYLVpHSRpWLTXHHVWSOXVIRUWHTXHOHSRLQWGHYXHHVWKpWLFRVpPLRWLTXHPDLVODSUpVHQFHGHFHOXLFLIUHLQHODG\QDPLTXHGHODUHFKHUFKH(OOHH[SOLTXHHQWRXWFDV ODSUpVHQFHGH ODQRWLRQGH VW\OH OHVPR\HQVTXL UHOqYHQWGXVW\OHSURSUHj>XQH@pQRQFLDWLRQGDQVXQFRQWH[WHTXLODGpERUGH

/D QRWLRQ GH VW\OH SDU VD WHFKQLFLWp VH WURXYH HQ SKDVH DYHF OH SRLQW GH YXHLQVWUXPHQWDOTXLSUpVLGHUDLWjODGpILQLWLRQGHODODQJXHSRpWLTXH&HTXLFRQVWLWXHXQPRXYHPHQW UpJUHVVLI SDU UDSSRUW DX SRLQW GH YXH GH OpQRQFLDWLRQ TXL HVW XQHFULWLTXHSUpFLVpPHQWGHODFRQFHSWLRQLQVWUXPHQWDOHGXGLVFRXUV

2UOHPRWVW\OHVHPEOHGpVLJQHUSDUGpIDXWODYDOHXUGDQV OH ODQJDJHOLWWpUDULWpSRpWLFLWp%HQYHQLVWH OHPSORLHXQHGHVFDUDFWpULVWLTXHVGXVW\OHGH%DXGHODLUHHVWODVVLPLODWLRQGHVSDUWLHVGXFRUSVDLPpjGHVSDUWLHVGXPRQGHVRQVW\OH YLVH j GpFULUH OLQWpULRULWp IDXWH GXQ WHUPH DGpTXDW ,O IDXW FKH]%DXGHODLUHGLVWLQJXHUOHFRGHJUDPPDWLFDOTXLHVWOHFRGHUHoXMDPDLVLOQHVHPEOHDYRLU VRXIIHUW GH FHWWH VXMpWLRQ HW OH FRGH OLQJXLVWLTXH > " WHUPH j WURXYHU@ GH ODSRpVLH6W\OHDSSDUDvWFRPPHXQPRWYLFDLUHSRXUXQWHUPHTXH%HQYHQLVWHQDSDV2QSHXWVLQWHUURJHUVXUFHWWHDEVHQFHGHWHUPHVSpFLILTXHHWVHGHPDQGHUVL OHPRWPDQTXHSDUFHTXHODSSURFKHUHVWHGHQDWXUHVW\OLVWLFLHQQHRXVLODSSURFKHUHVWHVW\OLVWLFLHQQH SDUFH TXH OD QRWLRQ GH VW\OH DYHF VRQ DUFKLYH HW VRQ VRFOH GRXEOHJUDPPDWLFDOHWOLQJXLVWLTXHPDVTXHODYLVpHGHODUHFKHUFKH

8QHERQQHSDUWLHGHVDQDO\VHVUHOqYHHQHIIHWGHSURWRFROHVVW\OLVWLTXHVFRPPHLOHVWDIILUPpGDQVFHSURMHW6W\OH(WXGLHUODIRQFWLRQVW\OLVWLTXHGXFRXSOHPHQWGHOLQWHUURJDWLRQHWGHOLQWHUMHFWLRQ2QUHOqYHDLQVLOLPSRUWDQFHGHODQRWLRQGHIUpTXHQFHGHVRFFXUUHQFHV3UREOqPHUHFKHUFKHUOHVUDLVRQVGHODKDXWHIUpTXHQFHGHVDQV+DXWHIUpTXHQFHGHVFRQVWUXFWLRQVGHIDLUHDYHFSUpGLFDWLRQ0DLV %HQYHQLVWH FRQVWDWH ODUELWUDLUH GH FH W\SH GH UHFKHUFKH TXL ILQDOHPHQW QHFRQGXLWjULHQGDXWUHTXDXFRQVWDWGHODIUpTXHQFHHOOHPrPHRXDXSUpVXSSRVpTXHOD TXDQWLWp IHUDLW OD TXDOLWp TXDQWLILDQW DLQVL OD YDOHXU &RPPHQWDQW VD SURSUHUHFKHUFKHGH OD IUpTXHQFHGHVPDUTXHVSHUVRQQHOOHV LO pFULW -DLDEDQGRQQpFHUHOHYpTXLQHVHPEOHSDVGpPRQVWUDWLIHQIDLWOHMHPRLHVWWUqVIUpTXHQW/DIUpTXHQFH FRPPH IDLW WXH OD IUpTXHQFH FRPPH YDOHXU 3RpWLTXHPHQW OD IUpTXHQFHQHVWSDVXQPDUTXHXUGHODYDOHXUFHTXHPRQWUHOHSKpQRPqQHGHOKDSD['DQV/HV)OHXUVGXPDO FHVWPRLQV OD IUpTXHQFHGHV FRPPH OHPRW OHSOXVIUpTXHQWDEVROXPHQWGH%DXGHODLUHTXLVLJQLILHTXHODVLWXDWLRQGXPRWGDQVOHYHUV

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

MarceloOJO: ESTE DESSONS ESTA CRITICANDO EL PUNTO DE VISTA INTRUMENTALISTA DEL POETA COMO HACEDOR QUE COMBINA UNA MATERIA, PORQUE CORRE EL RIESGO DE DESPOETIZAR LA CONCEPCION DEL AUTOR. LA MIRADA POETICA ES MAS FUERTE QUE LA ESTETICO-SEMIOTICA PERO ESTA FENA LA DINAMICA DE LA INVESTIGACION: ESTO EXPLICA LA APELACION A LA NOCION DE ESTILO EN UN CONTEXTO QUR LA DESBORDA. EL ESTILO (TECNICISMO INSTRUMENTAL) ES UN RETROCESO RESPECTO DEL PUNTO DE VISTA DE LE ECCION QUE ERA UNA CRITICA A LA CONCEPCIN INSTRUMENTAL DEL DISCURSO.

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

(WSOXVWDUGXQ$QJHHQWURXYUDQWOHVSRUWHV9LHQGUDUDQLPHUILGqOHHWMR\HX[/HVPLURLUVWHUQLVHWOHVIODPPHVPRUWHV

(JDOHPHQW GHV WHUPHV VRQW UHWHQXV HQ IRQFWLRQ GH OHXU QDWXUH HW GH OHXU YDOHXUJUDPPDWLFDOHVFRPPHOHVIRUPHVYHUEDOHVSDUWLFLSHVYHUEHVWUDQVLWLIVDFWLIVDYHFGHVVXMHWVLQDQLPpVHWFQRWDPPHQWTXDQGHOOHVVRQWDQDO\VpHVHQIRQFWLRQGHOHXUYDOHXUWHPSRUHOOH$LQVLOpWXGHGX7HPSVEDXGHODLULHQHVWIDLWHjSDUWLUGHOpWXGHGXWHPSVFKH]%DXGHODLUHIRQGpHVXUOHV\VWqPHGXWHPSVOLQJXLVWLTXH/HVYDOHXUVGHFHVIRUPHVUHVWHQWDORUVH[WpULHXUHVDXV\VWqPHGXWH[WHTXHOOHVUHJDUGHQWYHUVOHXUYDOHXUHQODQJXHRXYHUVGHVPRWLYDWLRQVSV\FKRORJLTXHVOHIXWXUFKH]%DXGHODLUHHVWOLpjVRQSV\FKLVPHOHSOXVSURIRQG

/H[SUHVVLYLWp GHV SKRQqPHV VLJQDOH DXVVL VRQ RULJLQH VW\OLVWLFLHQQH OHVFRPELQDLVRQV VRQRUHV VXJJqUHQW ODPrPH LPSUHVVLRQTXH OH VHQVGH FH TXLO GLW LQYHUVHPHQW OH FRPPHQWDLUH 1DVDOHV HIIHWV GpFKR ORLQWDLQ DSSDUDvWFRPPHXQHIIHWGHODOHFWXUHGXYHUVGH%DXGHODLUHFRPPHGHORQJVpFKRVTXLGHORLQVHFRQIRQGHQWOHPRWORLQVXJJpUDQWOHORLQWDLQGHOpFKR

$SSDUWLHQW pJDOHPHQW DX[ SURFpGXUHV GH ODQDO\VH VW\OLVWLTXH OH UHOHYp GHV VFKqPHV V\QWD[LTXHV FRPPH OHV ELQ{PHV GDGMHFWLIV RXODOWHUQDWLYHLQWHUURJDWRLUHHVWXFHFLRXFHOD"4XLPSRUWH

(QILQOHSRLQWGHYXHWKpPDWLTXHHVWSHXWrWUHOREVWDFOHPDMHXUjODSSURFKHGHODVSpFLILFLWpSRpWLTXH/HWKqPHHQHIIHWHVWFODLUHPHQWLFLXQHFDWpJRULHKHXULVWLTXHpQXPpUHUOHVWKqPHVSULQFLSDX[GHFHWWHGHVFULSWLRQWRXW%DXGHODLUHDXIRQGHVWFRQVWUXLWVXU OH WKqPHGH ODIIURQWHPHQW OHPLURLU&HVWXQGHVWKqPHV PDMHXUV FKH] %DXGHODLUH XQ WKqPH HW XQ WHUPH FDSLWDO HVW OHVRXYHQLU 'DQV FH GHUQLHU H[HPSOH ODVVLPLODWLRQ SURVRGLTXH GHV PRWVWKqPH HW WHUPH REpLW j XQH ORJLTXH OH[LFDOLVWH /D FDUDFWpULVWLTXH GH OD QRWLRQ GHWKqPH FHVW TXHOOH UHOqYH GH ORUGUH GX VLJQLILp j OLPDJH GHV SDUDGLJPHVVpPDQWLTXHV LQWpULHXU VRQV DPRXU HW PDWHUQLWp XQLYHUV GHV VHQV RX GHV FODVVHV GREMHWV PpWDX[ SLHUUHV 'HFHIDLWOHVRSSRVLWLRQVGXW\SHFODUWpWpQqEUHVTXH%HQYHQLVWHQRPPH OHV SRODULWpV EDXGHODLULHQQHV VRQWHOOHV DXWUH FKRVH TXH GHVRSSRVLWLRQVOLQJXLVWLTXHVTXDOLWDWLYHV>@ELQDLUHV"

/D SULPDXWp GX VLJQLILp GpIDLW OD FRKpUHQFH VpPLRWLTXH VDXVVXULHQQH GX ELQ{PHVLJQLILp VLJQLILDQW HW GH VRQ FRUUHVSRQGDQW OLWWpUDLUH IRUPH VHQV WHO TXHOpQRQFH%HQYHQLVWH/DGLFKRWRPLHIRUPHVHQVD LFLHQFRUHPRLQVGHVHQVTXHSDUWRXWDLOOHXUV&RQVLGpUHUTXH OHIRQGGH ODSRpVLHFHVWVDIRUPHRXSOXVUDGLFDOHPHQWTXHOHVHQVHWODIRUPHQHIRQWTXXQFRQWUHGLWOH SURFHVVXV GH OD QDUUDWLYLVDWLRQ GX SRqPH WHO TXLO DSSDUDvW SDU H[HPSOH GDQVOpWXGHGH/DPRUWGHVDPDQWVGRQWYRLFLODTXDWULqPHVWURSKH

9RLFLODSDUDSKUDVHTXHQGRQQH%HQYHQLVWHHWSOXVWDUGODQJHILGqOHHWMR\HX[YLHQW HQWURXYULU OHV SRUWHV HW UDQLPHU FXUV HW HVSULWV (Q SURGXLVDQW XQ UpVXPp GX SRqPH %HQYHQLVWH UHPSODFH XQH pQRQFLDWLRQ SDU XQ pQRQFpVDFULILDQWQpFHVVDLUHPHQWjODIRLVODPpWULTXHFRQWUHGLVDQWOLGpHTXHOHSRqPHHVW LQFRQYHUWLEOHHQSURVH ORUGUHGHVPRWV ODQJH ILGqOHHW MR\HX[ HVW XQUDFFRXUFLSRXU OHVGHX[YHUV XQ$QJH >@ ILGqOH HW MR\HX[ OHVPDUTXHV YHUEDOHVYLHQWHQWURXYULUHVWODUpFULWXUHGXSDUWLFLSHHQWURXYUDQWHWOHVGpWHUPLQDWLRQVGHVVXEVWDQWLIVODQJHGHYLHQWXQ$QJH

3RXUFRQFOXUHFHVFRPPHQWDLUHVVXUODVSHFWVW\OLVWLTXHGHFHVDQDO\VHVLOFRQYLHQWGHSUpFLVHUXQHQRXYHOOHIRLVTXRQQDSDVDIIDLUHLFLjGHVFRQFOXVLRQVYDOLGpHVSDU%HQYHQLVWHPDLVjGHVHVVD\DJHV2QFRPPHQWHXQFKHPLQHPHQWRXFHTXRQSHQVHWHORQUHJDUGHOKLVWRLUHGXQHUHFKHUFKH

Marcelo

Marcelo

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

9HUVXQHSRpWLTXH(QGpSLW GH FHWWH DSSURFKH VW\OLVWLFLHQQH GX ODQJDJH SRpWLTXH OHVVHQWLHO GXWUDYDLO GH%HQYHQLVWHGDQV FHVPDQXVFULWVGHPHXUH ,O UHSRVH VXU OLQWXLWLRQTXH ODSRpVLHPrPHDIIHFWpHGH ODTXDOLWpGH ODQJXH HVWXQPRGHGH IRQFWLRQQHPHQWLQWHUQHDXODQJDJH/DSRpVLHHVWXQHODQJXHLQWpULHXUHjODODQJXH(OOHHVWGDQVOH ODQJDJH RUGLQDLUH ,O HVW LPSRUWDQW TXH FHWWH K\SRWKqVH ILJXUH SDUPL OHV3UpOLPLQDLUHVGHODUpIOH[LRQ

0DLVFHWWHLQWXLWLRQGRLWFRPSRVHUDYHFGHVQRWLRQVKDELWXHOOHVGHODUpIOH[LRQVXUOH ODQJDJHFRPPHOH ODQJDJHRXOD ODQJXHRUGLQDLUH QRWLRQ GXQ IORX WKpRULTXHQRWRLUHTXLGpVLJQHLFLHQRSSRVLWLRQDYHFOHODQJDJHRXODODQJXHSRpWLTXHHWVRQLQGLYLGXDWLRQVLQJXOLqUHXQXVDJHOLQJXLVWLTXHFRQVHQVXHO/HSRqWHFUpHODUpDOLWpLQGLYLGXHOOH LQVWDQWDQpH GRQW LO SDUOH DORUV TXH OD ODQJXH RUGLQDLUH SUpVHQWH XQHVHXOH HW FRQVWDQWH FDWpJRULVDWLRQ GX PRQGH OD PrPH SRXU WRXV /H VDXWpSLVWpPRORJLTXH HVW LQWURGXLW SDU OD QRWLRQ GH FUpDWLRQ TXL IDLW VRUWLU GHV FDGUHVXVXHOVGHODOLQJXLVWLTXH'HODODQJXHRUGLQDLUHjODODQJXHSRpWLTXHLO\DFHWWHGLVWDQFHLPPHQVHOHVVLJQHVOLQJXLVWLTXHVFRPPXQVjWRXVGHYLHQQHQWLQWpULRULVpVGHV YRFDEOHV VDQV SDUHLOV GHV GpQRPLQDWLRQV UHFUpDQWHV /DGMHFWLI YHUEDOUHFUpDQWHVIRUPpDYHFOHSUpIL[HUHVSpFLILTXHGHOpFULWXUHGH%HQYHQLVWHGLWLFLOKLVWRULFLWpGHODFUpDWLRQHWQRQXQHUpSpWLWLRQ

/LGHQWLILFDWLRQGXPRGHSRpWLTXHHQ WDQWTXH ODQJXHHVWXQ FOLFKpPDLV HOOHGLWELHQOHFDUDFWqUHjODIRLVLQGLYLGXHO&HVWXQHODQJXHTXHOHSRqWHHVWVHXOjSDUOHUXQH ODQJXH TXL QHVW SOXV XQH FRQYHQWLRQ FROOHFWLYH PDLV H[SUHVVLRQ GXQHH[SpULHQFH WRXWH SHUVRQQHOOH HW XQLTXH HW WUDQVVXEMHFWLI GH OD SDUROHSRpWLTXH&HWWHODQJXHQHVWGRQFSDVFRQQXHDSULRULFHOXLTXLOHQWHQGRXODOLW>@GRLWV\IRUPHUODSSUHQGUHHWDFFpGHUSDUFHWDSSUHQWLVVDJHjOLQWHQWpGXSRqWH&HWWHODQJXHVDSSUHQGHWVHSDUOHHQOLVDQW

(QIDLWFHTXH%HQYHQLVWHGpVLJQHHQWDQWTXHODQJXHRXW\SHGHODQJXH RX IRUPH GH ODQJDJH HVW GDERUG OD UpDOLWp GXQ V\VWqPH 8QODQJDJHVSpFLDOTXLQHVWSOXVOHODQJDJHRUGLQDLUHTXRLTXHIRUPpGHVPrPHVXQLWpVPDLVXQV\VWqPHSURSUHDJHQFpVHORQVHVSURSUHVFDWpJRULHVHWIRQFWLRQVFHTXLWUDGXLWOLGpHTXHODVSpFLILFLWpGHVXQLWpVSRpWLTXHVQHVWSDVXQHUpDOLWpSRVLWLYHPDLVXQHYDOHXUUHODWLYHGpILQLHSDUOHQVHPEOHGHFHVXQLWpV&HQHVWGRQFSDVODSUpVHQFH GX PRW UHLQH GDQV OH OH[LTXH GH %DXGHODLUH TXL FRPSWH OH PRW HVW GXYRFDEXODLUHFRXUDQWFHVWODYDOHXULQWHQVHGRQWLOHVWFKDUJp

/D QRWLRQ GH ODQJXH SRpWLTXH GpVLJQH HQVXLWH XQ PRGH GH VLJQLILHU XQHVLJQLILDQFH VSpFLILTXH (OOH D XQ DXWUH PRGH GH VLJQLILFDWLRQ TXH OD ODQJXHRUGLQDLUHHWHOOHGRLWUHFHYRLUXQDSSDUHLOGHGpILQLWLRQVGLVWLQFWHV(OOHDSSHOOHUDXQHOLQJXLVWLTXHGLIIpUHQWH%HQYHQLVWH\LQVLVWHFHGLVFRXUVWRXWSDUWLFXOLHUTXH FRQVWLWXH OD SRpVLH HVW U\WKPLTXH VDQV GRXWH PDLV GDERUG FUpDWHXU GXQHVLJQLILFDWLRQVSpFLILTXH4XRQQHVHWURPSHSDVGREMHWjWUDYHUVOHVpWXGHVWHFKQLTXHVFHVWFHWWHVLJQLILFDWLRQGRQWRQVHIIRUFHGHGpJDJHUOHSULQFLSH4XDQG %HQYHQLVWH pFULW GH OD ODQJXH SRpWLTXH TXHOOH D XQ DXWUH PRGH GHVLJQLILFDWLRQ TXH OD ODQJXH RUGLQDLUH HQ IDLW OHQVHPEOH GH VHV QRWHV PRQWUHTXHOOHHVWFHWDXWUHPRGHGHVLJQLILFDWLRQ

/jVHVLWXHOHFHQWUHGHODUHFKHUFKHODGHVFULSWLRQGHFHTXLOGpVLJQHFRPPHXQQLYHDXVpPDQWLTXH 1HSHXWRQSHQVHUTXH OH[SUHVVLRQSRpWLTXHSDUH[HPSOHODOOLDQFHGHGHX[PRWVRXGDGMHFWLIVLPSUpYXVHWFFRQVWLWXHXQQLYHDXVpPDQWLTXHVXL JHQHULV pWUDQJHU j OD VpPDQWLTXH GX ODQJDJH RUGLQDLUH >@ &HWWH VpPDQWLTXHVHUDLWHQJHQGUpHSDUODVVRFLDWLRQGHVPRWV&HVWELHQODVpPDQWLTXHTXLIDLWODODQJXHSRpWLTXHHWQRQOLQYHUVH

&HOOHFLVHGpILQLWHQUHODWLRQGLIIpUHQWLHOOHDYHFOHPRGHGHSHQVHUGHODODQJXHRUGLQDLUHGpFULW FRPPHXQHGLVFXUVLYLWp ORJLTXH 'DQV OD ODQJXHRUGLQDLUH OHGLVFRXUV HVW OH GLVFRXUV GH OD SHQVpH GH OD GpPRQVWUDWLRQ GX UDLVRQQHPHQW VL

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

MarceloACA ESTA EL PUNTO: ES LA SEMANTICA LA QUE HACE EL LENGUAJE POETICO Y NO AL REVES

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

VRPPDLUH TXLO VRLW 0DLV LO UHVWH j GpILQLU OXQLWp GH FH PRGH GHVLJQLILFDWLRQ4XHOOHHVWOXQLWpGHODODQJXHSRpWLTXHFRPPHFRUUpODWGXVLJQHGDQV OH ODQJDJH FRJQLWLI " /HUUHXU VHUDLW GHSODFHU OXQLWp VLJQH HW ODQRXYHOOH XQLWp SRpWLTXH HQ YLVjYLV %HQYHQLVWH YRLW WUqV ELHQ HQWUH OHV GHX[ XQHLQFRPPHQVXUDELOLWpFRPSDUDEOHjFHOOHTXLGLVWLQJXH OHVVLJQLILDQFHVVpPLRWLTXHHWVpPDQWLTXHGpFULWHVGDQV6pPLRORJLHGHODODQJXH/DTXHVWLRQSUHQGVLJQLILFDWLYHPHQWSRXUREMHWODQRWLRQGHPRWTXLVHVWVRXYHQWWHQXH GDQJHUHXVHPHQW DX ERUG GH OD VFLHQWLILFLWp $X SUHPLHU SODQ UHYLHQWREVHVVLRQ GHSXLV OH GpEXW GH FHWWH UpIOH[LRQ OH SUREOqPH GX PRW 8QSUREOqPHHVVHQWLHORVHMRXHODFULWLTXHGXVLJQH1RXVpOLPLQRQVGHODSRpVLHOHFRQFHSWGHVLJQHTXHQRXVMXJHRQVHQWLqUHPHQWLQDGpTXDWSXLVTXHQRXVDYRQVUHMHWpOD QRWLRQ GH UpIpUHQW HW GH GpQRWDWLRQ /H SUREOqPHGXPRW HQ SRpVLH HVWLQVpSDUDEOHGXVWDWXWGXPRWGDQVOHODQJDJHRUGLQDLUHXQVWDWXWTXLDpYROXpOHVHQVGXQHpYROXWLRQHVWH[SOLFLWHGDQVOHVSURSRVGH%HQYHQLVWHDXFRXUVGHODUpIOH[LRQ'DQVXQSUHPLHUWHPSVLO\DODIILUPDWLRQTXHSULVVpSDUpPHQWOHVPRWVGXSRqWHVRQWFHX[GHODODQJXHRUGLQDLUH,OVQHVRQWGRQFGHODSRpVLHTXHQWDQW TXLOV VRQW JURXSpV HW RUGRQQpV 'DQV XQ VHFRQG WHPSV %HQYHQLVWHDIILUPHTXHFHQHVRQWSDVOHVPrPHVPRWV/HPRWHVWSRXUOHSRqWHWRXWDXWUHFKRVHTXHSRXUOHORFXWHXU3RLQWHLFLVDQVGRXWHOLGpHGHFUpDWLRQ0DLVOLPSRUWDQWHVWTXHODQDWXUHGXPRWVRLWWULEXWDLUHGHVRQIRQFWLRQQHPHQWTXLUHVWHODJUDQGHTXHVWLRQ0DLVHQFRUHXQHIRLVFRPPHQWFHVPRWVIRQFWLRQQHQWLOV"

4XLOV VRLHQW OHVPrPHVTXHFHX[XWLOLVpVGDQV OH ODQJDJHRUGLQDLUHRXGHVPRWVVSpFLILTXHVLODSSDUDvWTXHOHXUVWDWXWHVWOLpjOHXUHPSORL%LHQTXLOVUHVWHQWGHVVLJQHV LOV VRQW YDORULVpV j QHXI QRWDPPHQW SDU GHVFRPELQDLVRQV GHV MRQFWLRQV GHVDOOLDQFHVQRXYHOOHV GHV DVVHPEODJHV QRXYHDX[ HW OLEUHV GH PRWV 4XDQG %HQYHQLVWH SDUOHG LQYHQWHU GHV DVVRFLDWLRQV GH PRWV LO SHQVH SUpFLVpPHQW j GHVDVVRFLDWLRQV LQpGLWHV WXOLSH RXERQWp RX WRLVRQ HW PLOOH DXWUH >PRWV@ SHXYHQWGPHQW FRPELQpV j GDXWUHVPRWV pJDOHPHQW LPSUpYLVLEOHV >MH VRXOLJQH@ pYRTXHUSRpWLTXHPHQWXQFRLQGXFLHORXOHYLVDJHGHODLPpHRXWRXWHDXWUHFKRVHHQFRUH 2Q UHPDUTXHUD OD SUpVHQFH LFL GH ODGYHUEH GPHQW TXL UHQYRLH jOpQLJPHGXFRPPHQWGHFHWWHFRPELQDWRLUH

'DQVFHFDVOHVPRWVVRQWVXURUGRQQpVjOLQWHQWpTXLQHVWSOXVTXHOHUpVXOWDWGH OHXU DVVHPEODJH QRXYHDX &H QHVW GRQF SOXV XQH SHQVpH TXL VH FRQYHUWLW HQVLJQHV PDLV DX FRQWUDLUH GHV PRWV TXL HIILFLHQW XQ FRPPHQW GLUH " TXHO WHUPHLQYHQWHUSRXUGpVLJQHU OHVHQVTXLQHQHVWSDVXQTXLHVWSURGXLW SDU OH FKRL[HWOXQLRQ GHV PRWV VHQV SRpWLTXH /D SHQVpH HVW DORUV SURGXLWH SDU OHGLVFRXUV DX OLHX TXH OD FRQFHSWLRQ GX ODQJDJH RUGLQDLUH UHSRVH VXU OD KLpUDUFKLHLQYHUVH ODSHQVpH VHUDLWSUHPLqUHHW VH[SULPHUDLWSDU OH WUXFKHPHQWGH OD ODQJXH%HQYHQLVWH HVW FODLU OD WKpRULH GX PRW GDQV OH ODQJDJH SRpWLTXH >@ QHFRPPHQFHUDGH[LVWHUTXjSDUWLUGXPRPHQWRRQDXUDUHQRQFpjODQRWLRQGXPRWUHoXSRXUODWKpRULHGXODQJDJHRUGLQDLUH/HSUREOqPHFHVWTXHODQRWLRQGHPRWQHVWSDVXQHFDWpJRULHOLQJXLVWLTXHGXQHWRWDOHOpJLWLPLWp'LVRQVTXHGXSRLQWGHYXHGHODVLJQLILDQFHODFFHSWLRQGXPRWGDQVOXVDJHRUGLQDLUHGXODQJDJHHVWVXUGpWHUPLQpHJpQpUDOHPHQWSDU OH VFKpPDGXVLJQH&HVW HQ WRXW FDVDLQVLTXH ODSHQVH%HQYHQLVWH

'DQVODPHVXUHRLODSSDUDvWGLIILFLOHGHUHJDUGHUGXF{WpGHODOLQJXLVWLTXHSRXUSHQVHU OH VWDWXW VSpFLILTXH GHV PRWV SRpWLTXHV OHV UpIOH[LRQV GHV SRqWHVSHXYHQWrWUHGXQJUDQGVHFRXUV%DXGHODLUHRQODYXRQOHYHUUDHQFRUHjSURSRVGH OD ULPH 0DOODUPp FLWp SDU %HQYHQLVWH SRXU OH VWDWXW GX PRW OD YDOHXUVpPDQWLTXH GHV PRWV HVW DEROLH SXLV OHXU LQGLYLGXDOLWp PrPH OH YHUV TXL GHSOXVLHXUV YRFDEOHV UHIDLW XQ PRW WRWDO QHXI pWUDQJHU j OD ODQJXH HW FRPPHLQFDQWDWRLUH%HQYHQLVWHYRLWELHQTXLOVDJLWLFLGXQHUHIRQWHGXPRWSDUOH

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

/DVLJQLILDQFHSRpWLTXH

YHUV'HOjOLGpHTXHFHTXHOHSRqWHGLWHQYHUVQHSHXWrWUHGLWTXHQYHUV5HPDUTXRQVSDUSDUHQWKqVHTXHFHWWHDFWLYLWpFULWLTXHSRUWDQWVXUODQRWLRQGHPRWLVVXH GH OD SUDWLTXH SRpWLTXH QHVW SDV HQ DFFRUG DYHF OHV OLVWHV OH[LFDOHV GHVSDUDGLJPHV WKpPDWLTXHV /XQLWp SDVVH HQVXLWH GX YHUV DX SRqPH FRPPH UpDOLVDQWOH[WHQVLRQPD[LPDOHGXPRW0DOODUPpQHYHXWPrPHSOXVGHPRWVGLVWLQFWVPDLVTXH OH SRqPH VRLW XQ VHXO PRW XQH ORQJXH PXVLTXH /H[WHQVLRQ GX PRWFRPPH XQLWp GX GLVFRXUV DX SRqPH HQWLHU HVW XQH H[SUHVVLRQ GH OD VSpFLILFLWpSRpWLTXHODTXHOOHQHVWGRQFSOXVQpFHVVDLUHPHQWOLpHjODIRUPHPpWULTXHTXRLTXHFHOOHFLODFFRPSDJQHVRXYHQW6RUWLUGHODSUpGpILQLWLRQPpWULTXHGXSRqPHHVWXQSDVVDJHLPSRUWDQWGHODUpIOH[LRQGH%HQYHQLVWHTXLWHQGjXQHUpIOH[LRQQRQSOXVVXUODSRpVLHFRPPHODQJDJHPDLVVXUODSRpWLFLWpGXODQJDJH&HVWFHTXLSHXWH[SOLTXHUTXH%HQYHQLVWHQHSUHQQHDXFXQHPHQWHQFRPSWHOHWUDYDLOLPSRUWDQWGHODPpWULTXHGDQV/HV)OHXUVGXPDO

/D GLIILFXOWp SRXU %HQYHQLVWH GDQV VD UpIOH[LRQ VXU OH ODQJDJH SRpWLTXH FRQVLVWHjUHVWHUGDQVOHFDGUHGXQHVFLHQWLILFLWpOLQJXLVWLTXHHWHQPrPHWHPSVGHFKHUFKHUjHQVRUWLULOQHFHVVHRQODYXGDSSHOHUGHVHVYX[XQHOLQJXLVWLTXHGLIIpUHQWH &HWWH GLIILFXOWp HVW PDQLIHVWH GDQV OHVVDL GH GpILQLU OHIRQFWLRQQHPHQW GH FHWWH VLJQLILDQFH GRQW OH IRQGHPHQW UpVLGH GDQV XQH FHUWDLQHPDQLqUHGDVVRFLHUGHVPRWV

/H UHVVRUW GH FH PRGH GH VLJQLILHU SDUWLFXOLHU HVW GpFULW j SDUWLU GH OD QRWLRQGpYRFDWLRQFDWpJRULHFDSLWDOHFKH]%DXGHODLUHHWSHXWrWUHHQJpQpUDOHQSRpVLH(WGHIDLWOLGpHUHYLHQWDYHFLQVLVWDQFHWRXWODUWGH%DXGHODLUHWRXWOHVHQVGH VRQ HIIRUW HVW GpYRTXHU OHV PLQXWHV KHXUHXVHV %DXGHODLUH QH GpFULWMDPDLV LO pYRTXH %HQYHQLVWH VH VLWXH DXGHOj GH OHPSORL RUGLQDLUH GHOpYRFDWLRQRXSOXW{WLOSUHQGODQRWLRQDXVpULHX[/pYRFDWLRQPRGHGXSRpWLTXHHVWFRQVLGpUpH FRPPH XQH VLJQLILDQFH j SDUW HQWLqUH GLVWLQFWH GH OD VLJQLILDQFHVLJQLILTXHGDQVXQSRqPHOHVPRWVjODIRLVVLJQLILHQWHWpYRTXHQWFHTXL IDLW pFKRj ODGLVWLQFWLRQGHVGHX[ VLJQLILDQFHV VpPLRWLTXH HW VpPDQWLTXHGDQV6pPLRORJLHGHODODQJXH&HWWHGLVWLQFWLRQDXQHFRQVpTXHQFH3XLVTXHOpYRFDWLRQIRQFWLRQQHLQGpSHQGDPPHQWGXPRGqOHGXVLJQHHWGH ODUDWLRQDOLWp ORJLTXHTXL OXLHVWDWWDFKpHHOOHREOLJHjFRQVLGpUHUFRPPHYDOHXUVpPDQWLTXHXQSKpQRPqQHTXHODUDLVRQ ORJLTXHFRQGDPQH ODPELJXwWp/DUpIOH[LRQVXU ODQRWLRQGH ODPELJXwWpFKH] %DXGHODLUH FRQGXLW GDLOOHXUV %HQYHQLVWH j VLQWpUHVVHU j XQH WKpRULHJpQpUDOH GX U{OH GH ODPELJXwWp HQ SRpVLH WHOOH TXH OD VXJJqUH OH OLYUHG(PSVRQTXLOFLWH6HYHQW\SHVRIDPELJXLW\

0DLV OH SUREOqPH DYHF OpYRFDWLRQ FRQVLVWH j SDVVHU SDUGHVVXV ODFFHSWLRQRUGLQDLUHGH ODQRWLRQHW VDYDOHXU FODVVLTXH LOOXVLRQQLVWH WHOOHTXHOOH VHPDQLIHVWHHQFRUHGDQVFHFRPPHQWDLUH6LOHVWTXHVWLRQGXQHVRXUFHTXRQFURLH\EDLJQHUVHVOqYUHV/DGLIILFXOWpUpVLGHGDQVODUHFKHUFKHGXQHPLPHVLVTXLQHVRLWSDVGRUGUHVpPLRWLTXHFHVWjGLUHVXUGpWHUPLQpHSDUOHVFKpPDGXVLJQHHWODSULPDXWpGXVLJQLILp ,O IDXWTXHOHVRQVXJJqUHRXLPLWH OHVHQVPDLV OHVHQVSULVFRPPHVXJJHVWLRQ pPRWLYHQRQ FRPPH VLJQLILp OH[LFDO /DPDUJH HVW pWURLWH HQWUHXQHWHOOHVLJQLILDQFHpPRWLYHHWOHVXEMHFWLYLVPHLPSUHVVLRQQLVWH(WODVSpFLILFLWpGHFHWWHVpPDQWLTXHSRpWLTXHQHVWSDVSOXVFODLUHTXDQGHOOHHVWWUDGXLWHSDUODQRWLRQGLPDJH/DODQJXHSRpWLTXHHVWLFRQLTXH>@&HODYHXWGLUHTXHOOHGRQQHDYHFGHVPRWVOLPDJHGHODFKRVHTXHOOHGLWHWQRQOLGpH

3RXUWDQW OD QRWLRQ GpYRFDWLRQ DYHF WRXWH OLPSUpFLVLRQ GH VD VLJQLILFDWLRQ QHFRQWUDULHSDVOHPRXYHPHQWGHODUHFKHUFKHGRQWODILQDOLWpHVWODPLVHDXMRXUGXQHVLJQLILDQFH SRpWLTXH VSpFLILTXH &HVW XQH GHV FRQGLWLRQV HVVHQWLHOOHV GH ODSRpWLTXH TXH OHPRW QH VLJQLILH SDV VHXOHPHQWPDLV TXLO pYRTXH ,O IDXW

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

6pPDQWLTXHGHODULPH

UHPDUTXHU OD YDOHXU GH ODGYHUEH VHXOHPHQW GRQW OD UDWXUHPRQWUH OKpVLWDWLRQHQWUH OD FRQFHSWLRQ GXQH GRXEOH VLJQLILDQFH GXPRW VLJQLILHU HW pYRTXHU HW FHOOHGXQH VLJQLILDQFH XQLTXH pYRTXHU TXL VHPEOH rWUH FH YHUV TXRL WHQG OD SHQVpH GH%HQYHQLVWHHQSRpWLTXHOHPRWQHVLJQLILHSDVRXQHVLJQLILHSOXVLOpYRTXH&HTXHFRUURERUH OD SRVLWLRQ UpSpWpH VXU OD QRQSHUWLQHQFH GH OD QRWLRQ GH VLJQH /HSULQFLSHSUHPLHUPHVHPEOHrWUHTXHHQSRpVLHOHVPRWVQHVRQWSDVGHVVLJQHVDXVHQVVDXVVXULHQ'qVTXRQIDLWGHODSRpVLHRQTXLWWHODFRQYHQWLRQGHVVLJQHVTXLUpJLWOHODQJDJHRUGLQDLUH,OVDJLWGRQFGXQHVpPLRORJLHQRXYHOOHGHQDWXUHSDUDGR[DOHSXLVTXHOOHHVWFKDTXHIRLVVLQJXOLqUH

&HTXH%HQYHQLVWHGLWGHODULPHUHSUpVHQWHOHSRLQWOHSOXVDYDQFpGHVDUHFKHUFKHVXU OD ODQJXH SRpWLTXH HQ FH TXLO IDLW EDVFXOHU XQ SUREOqPH LGHQWLILp FRPPHLQWHUQH j XQH WHFKQLTXH SRpWLTXH YHUV XQ SUREOqPH TXL GHYLHQW LQWHUQH j ODVLJQLILDQFHGXODQJDJH

/LQWpUrWSRXUOHVpFKRVSURVRGLTXHVHVWFRQVWDQWGDQVOHVQRWHVVXUOHODQJDJHSRpWLTXH $LQVL FLWDQW OH YHUV G+XJR /HV VRXIIOHV GH OD QXLW IORWWDLHQW VXU*DOJDOD%HQYHQLVWHSUpFLVHTXHVL+XJRDYDLWpFULWOHVEULVHVGHODQXLWFHVWOD YDOHXU pYRFDWULFH GH IO TXL UpGXLWH j XQ VHXO DSSXL IORWWDLHQW ULVTXDLW GHGLVSDUDvWUH/HIOQHSUHQGVDYDOHXUTXHUpSpWp&HVWELHQOjOLQWXLWLRQGHODIRQFWLRQVpPDQWLTXH HWQRQHVWKpWLTXHGH OD UpSpWLWLRQSURVRGLTXH FHTXH[SULPHOH[SUHVVLRQ YDOHXU pYRFDWULFH 0DLV OH FRPPHQWDLUH UHVWH GDQV OH YDJXH SRXUSHQVHUFHTXHOTXHFKRVHGDQVODVRQRULWpGXPRWDVVRFLpHjVRQVHQV

/LQWpUrWSRUWpDXSURSRVGH%DXGHODLUHVXUODULPHXQGHVSOXVSURIRQGVTXRQDLWpFULWVXUODODQJXHSRpWLTXHHVWUpYpODWHXUGHFHPRXYHPHQW$SUqVDYRLUFLWp OH WH[WH 3RXUTXRL WRXW SRqWH TXL QH VDLW SDV DX MXVWH FRPELHQ FKDTXHPRWFRPSRUWHGHULPHVHVWLQFDSDEOHGH[SULPHUXQHLGpHTXHOFRQTXHLOOHFRPPHQWHHQVRXOLJQDQWGDERUGODSRUWpHGXSURSRVRQDELHQOX2QDELHQOXSRXUXQSRqWHQHSDVVDYRLUFRPELHQXQPRWFRPSRUWHGHULPHV UHQG LQFDSDEOHGH[SULPHUXQHLGpHTXHOFRQTXH%HQYHQLVWHYRLWELHQOHQMHXGHFHWWHDIILUPDWLRQTXLOUHQGYLVLEOHSDUOHVRXOLJQHPHQWGHVPRWVLGpHHWULPHVOHUDSSRUWHQWUHGLVFXUVLYLWpSHQVpHHWSURVRGLHGHODODQJXH&HTXLOGpYHORSSHHQVXLWHGHFHWWHIDoRQ,OVDJLWGpWDEOLUXQOLHQFRQFHSWXHOHQWUHOHVPRWVTXLULPHQW$IILUPDWLRQTXLOPHWHQSUDWLTXHjSURSRVGHODULPHQXLWOXLWGXSRqPH/HVSHWLWHVYLHLOOHVRLORSSRVH OHPSORL GX PRW QXLW FRPPH VLJQH XVDJH JpQpUDO j VRQ HPSORL FRPPHLFRQLHTXLHVWXQDXWUHPRWSRXUpYRFDWLRQRXLPDJH/LGpHHVWTXHODPLVHHQULPHGXPRWQXLWDYHFXQDXWUHPRWKRPRSKRQHGHODODQJXHOXLFRQIqUHXQVHQV FKDTXH IRLV SDUWLFXOLHU (Q UHODWLRQ DYHF OXLW LO DXUD DLQVL OD YDOHXUG XQH pWHQGXH R UqJQH XQH FHUWDLQH FODUWp GLVWLQFWH GH FHOOH GLXUQH /HSRqPH FRQVWUXLW DORUV VRQ SURSUH OH[LTXH OLEUHPHQW SDU UDSSRUW DX[ SDUDGLJPHVVpPDQWLTXHVHWDX[IDPLOOHVOH[LFDOHV$LQVLQRFWXUQHHVWODGMGHQXLW0DLVHQRXWUH FKH]%DXGHODLUH LO HVW OH VLJQHGpYRFDWLRQ TXL ULPH DYHF WDFLWXUQH HWXUQH /DOXFLGLWpGXSUREOqPHHVWLFLUHPDUTXDEOH6LPSOHPHQWHOOHHVWDWWpQXpHSDUOH SRLQW GH YXH VW\OLVWLFLHQ GX FRPPHQWDLUH OHV WURLV PRWV XUQH QRFWXUQH WDFLWXUQH RQWGHV UpVRQDQFHV LGHQWLTXHV VRQRULWp YLEUDQWHGH FORFKH TXLIRQWREVWDFOHjODWUDQVVXEMHFWLYLWpHQUpLQWURGXLVDQWOH[SUHVVLYLWpSKRQpWLTXH

'HODPrPHIDoRQODUHVWULFWLRQGHODSRUWpHGXSDUDGLJPHSRpPDWLTXHTXLGpVLJQHOHQVHPEOHGHVSRVVLELOLWpVGHULPHTXHOHPRW>@FRPSRUWHjODSRVLWLRQGHILQGHYHUVVHORQODGpILQLWLRQWUDGLWLRQQHOOHGHODULPH,OYDXWSRXUODSDUWLH WHUPLQDOH GX YHUV VHXOHPHQW UHVWUHLQW OD SRUWpH GX WUDYDLO VXU ODVLJQLILDQFHSURVRGLTXHFRPPHQLYHDXVpPDQWLTXHGX ODQJDJHTXLHVWSRXUWDQWXQH SUpRFFXSDWLRQ RPQLSUpVHQWH GDQV FHV QRWHV $LQVL VL ORQ UHSUHQG OH

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

&RQFOXVLRQ

FRPPHQWDLUHVXU OHSURSRVGH%DXGHODLUHFRQFHUQDQW OHVULPHVRQVDSHUoRLWTXXQPRWGXQHSUHPLqUHUpGDFWLRQDpWpELIIp3RXUXQSRqWHQHSDVVDYRLUFRPELHQXQPRWFRPSRUWHGHULPHVUHQGLQFDSDEOHGH[SULPHUXQHLGpHTXHOFRQTXHHQSRpVLH 2QSHXWpYLGHPPHQWFRQVLGpUHUFHWWHLQWHUYHQWLRQFRPPHODFRUUHFWLRQGXQHHUUHXUGHFRSLH0DLVRQSHXWpJDOHPHQWFHTXLYDGDQVOHVHQVGXSURSRVJpQpUDOGH%HQYHQLVWHYRLUGDQVFHUHSHQWLUODSULVHHQFRPSWHGXQHH[WHQVLRQGXGRPDLQHFRXYHUW SDU OD UHODWLRQ LGpH ULPHV j WRXWH SURGXFWLRQ GLGpH HQ GHKRUVPrPH GXFKDPSJpQpULTXHLGHQWLILpFRPPHSRpVLH/LPSRUWDQWpWDQWGHSHQVHUHQSRqWHFHVWjGLUH SRpWLTXHPHQW HW QRQ GDQV OH FDGUH GXQ JHQUH /D PLVH HQ UHODWLRQSURVRGLTXHGHVPRWVGXQHODQJXHFRQVWLWXHDORUVXQPRGHVSpFLILTXHGH ODSHQVpHLGHQWLILpFRPPHSRpWLTXHHWFRQGXLVDQWjUHFRQVLGpUHUODGpILQLWLRQGHFHTXHVWXQ V\QWDJPH (Q SRpVLH OH V\QWDJPH VpWHQG SOXV ORLQ TXH VHV OLPLWHVJUDPPDWLFDOHVLOHPEUDVVHODFRPSDUDLVRQOHQWRXUDJHWUqVODUJHSDUIRLVODULPH 2Q SRXUUD SDUOHU OpJLWLPHPHQW GXQH V\QWD[H SURVRGLTXH OD UHFKHUFKH GH%HQYHQLVWHSUHQDQWDLQVLODVXLWHGHODWHQWDWLYHGH6DXVVXUHVXUOHVDQDJUDPPHV

&HV QRWHV VXU OH ODQJDJH SRpWLTXH RQW XQ LQWpUrW WKpRULTXH HW KLVWRULTXHLPSRUWDQW/HXUYDOHXUUpVLGHGDQVODYLVpHTXL\HVWGpYHORSSpHELHQHQDYDQFHVXUXQH PpWKRGRORJLH TXL SDUFH TXHOOH UHVWH DWWDFKpH DX[ SURWRFROHV GH ODQDO\VHVW\OLVWLTXH HVW HQ UHWDUG VXU OD SHQVpH GX SRpWLTXH j OXYUH GDQV FHV WH[WHV XQHSHQVpHTXLQHVWSDVOpWXGHGXQVHFWHXUVHFRQGDLUHVXSSOpPHQWDLUHGXODQJDJHPDLV FRQVWLWXHXQHYpULWDEOH UHFKHUFKHGHQDWXUH OLQJXLVWLTXHXQFUHXVHPHQWGH ODVLJQLILDQFHGXODQJDJH

,O IDXW QRWHU OD FRQWLQXLWp GX WUDYDLO GH %HQYHQLVWH HQWUH OH SURSRV OLQJXLVWLTXHQRWDPPHQW ODUWLFOH 6pPLRORJLH GH OD ODQJXH HW OH SURSRV SRpWLTXH GH FHVPDQXVFULWV /HQVHPEOH HVW VRXVWHQGX SDU OD TXHVWLRQ GHV UDSSRUWV HQWUH ODVXEMHFWLYLWp HW OH ODQJDJH GRQW OD ODQJXH SRpWLTXH UpDOLVH OLQGLVVRFLDELOLWp &HVWXQHODQJXHVDQVGpQRWDWLRQHWTXLQpDQPRLQVJDUGHODOOXUHGXQHODQJXHHWSUHQGODIRUPHGXQGLVFRXUV/DODQJXHSRpWLTXHQHVWSDVXQSUpDODEOHHOOHHVWLPSOLTXpHSDUOHGLVFRXUV&HVWOHGLVFRXUVHQWLHUTXLUpYqOHODQDWXUHGHODODQJXH GDQV ODTXHOOH LO HVW FRQVWUXLW /H SRLQW GH YXH HVW UDGLFDOHPHQWpWKLTXH/DODQJXHSRpWLTXHHVWGpILQLHSDUOH[HUFLFHGHODSDUROH/DTXHVWLRQGX VXMHW PrPH KDQWpH SDU OD WHQWDWLRQ SV\FKRORJLTXH UHVWH GRQF OHIRQGHPHQW GH OD UHFKHUFKH FDU SRUWHXVH GHV HQMHX[ GpYHORSSpV GDQV 'H ODVXEMHFWLYLWpGDQV OH ODQJDJHDXJPHQWpVGHFHX[TXLVRQWVSpFLILTXHPHQW OLpVDX[QRWLRQVGDUWHWGHFUpDWLRQ

/HSRLQW VHQVLEOH HW VDQVGRXWH OHSOXV LPSRUWDQWGH FH WUDYDLO HVW ODQRWLRQGHVSpFLILFLWpGLVWLQFWHGHODQRWLRQGXQLFLWpHWTXLGpVLJQHODYDOHXUJpQpUDOHGXQHXYUHTXLUHVWHSDUWLFXOLqUH(QSRpVLHQRXVDYRQVDIIDLUHHQVHPEOHjODSRpVLHHWjXQSRqWH&HWWHLGpHTXHODSRpVLHQH[LVWHTXHGrWUHWRXMRXUVFKDTXHIRLVXQSRqWHHVWDXFHQWUHGHODWKpRULHVpPDQWLTXHGHODUWGpYHORSSpHGDQV6pPLRORJLHGHODODQJXH/DUWQHVWMDPDLVLFLTXXQHXYUHGDUWSDUWLFXOLqUH&HVWWRXWHODSRUWpHGXWUDYDLOVXU/HV)OHXUVGXPDO/DSRpVLHDLFLOHYLVDJHGH%DXGHODLUHMHSDUOHGHOOHRXGHOXLVDQVSRXYRLUWRXMRXUVOHVGLVWLQJXHU/DSRpVLHFHVWODSRpVLHSOXVXQFHUWDLQSRqWHSXLVTXHFKDTXHSRqWHDVD ODQJXHSRpWLTXH%HQYHQLVWHDFRPSULVTXHGDQVOHFKDPSDQWKURSRORJLTXHWRXWHUHFKHUFKHGRUGUHJpQpUDOQHSHXWVHIIHFWXHUTXHSDUXQHUHFKHUFKHVXUGHVREMHWVSDUWLFXOLHUVSDUFHTXHFHVREMHWVVRQWGDERUGGHVVXMHWV/H ODQJDJHSRpWLTXHGDQVVDSRUWpHJpQpUDOH LPSOLTXH VDQRQUpGXSOLFDWLRQ 1D\DQW SDV GH UpIpUHQFH OH ODQJDJH SRpWLTXH QHVW MDPDLVUpSpWDEOH >@ LOHVW WRXWHQWLHUGDQVFHSRqPHGDQVFH YHUV LQVWDQFHV FKDTXH IRLVXQLTXHV&HVWODFRQYLFWLRQTXHWRXWHYpULWpVXUOKRPPHHVWKLVWRULTXH

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

Marcelo

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

%LEOLRJUDSKLH

1RWHV

I'DQVFHWDUWLFOHFKDTXHFLWDWLRQH[WUDLWHGHVQRWHVVXUOHODQJDJHSRpWLTXHVHUDLQGLTXpHSDUOHQXPpURGXIROLRHQWUHSDUHQWKqVHV-HPHUpIpUHUDLjOpGLWLRQGRQQpHSDU&KORp/DSODQWLQH(PLOH%HQYHQLVWH%DXGHODLUH/LPRJHV/DPEHUW/XFDV %HQYHQLVWH pFULW LQGLIIpUHPPHQW ODQJDJH SRpWLTXH RX ODQJXH SRpWLTXH ODQJDJHSRpWLTXHYVODQJDJHRUGLQDLUHDOWHUQHDYHFODQJXHSRpWLTXHYV ODQJXHRUGLQDLUH I (Q SRpVLH OHV PRWV pYRTXHQW GXQH SDUW VLJQLILHQW GH ODXWUH &KH]%DXGHODLUH FHUWDLQV SRqPHV VRQW PLUDFXOHXVHPHQW PDLQWHQXV j OD OLPLWH GHV GHX[ LOVpYRTXHQWHWLOVVLJQLILHQW (PLOH %HQYHQLVWH 3UREOqPHV GH OLQJXLVWLTXH JpQpUDOH W 3DULV *DOOLPDUG S I 9RLU DXVVL OH I HW SRXU OD FRPSDUDLVRQ GHV GHX[ YHUVLRQV *pUDUG'HVVRQV(PLOH%HQYHQLVWHOLQYHQWLRQGXGLVFRXUV3DULVpGLWLRQV,Q3UHVVS6pPLRORJLHGHODODQJXHSI-HFRQYLHQVGHOLUHFHWWHH[SUHVVLRQTXLDSSDUDvWVDQVFRQWH[WHH[SOLFLWHGDQVOHVHQVGXQHTXHVWLRQGHVXEMHFWLYDWLRQI&HSHQGDQWODGLPHQVLRQHVWKpWLTXHDSSDUDvWFRQVWLWXHUSDUIRLVXQHERUQHSRXUODUpIOH[LRQ FRPPH GDQV FH UHSHQWLU /H SRqWH DYHF VHV PRWV IDLW XQ SRqPH XQHFUpDWLRQTXLH[SORLWHOHVPRWVjFHUWDLQHVILQVHVWKpWLTXHV9RLUVXUFHSRLQW*'HVVRQVRSFLWS

HW TXH OH SRqPH HVW FH TXL GDQV OH ODQJDJH HVW OH SOXVKLVWRULTXH HW GRQFTXH OHSRqPHGLWOHPD[LPXPVXUOKRPPHHQWDQWTXHGHYHQLU&HjTXRL%HQYHQLVWHDpWpOHSOXVVHQVLEOHFKH]%DXGHODLUHGDQVFHTXLODSSHOOHVDPLVVLRQSRpWLTXHFHVWjFHWWH DQWKURSRORJLH GH OD PRGHUQLWp TXL D FRQVLVWp j UpYpOHU OKRPPH GH VRQWHPSV/DFRQFOXVLRQGXWUDYDLOGH%HQYHQLVWHVXUODODQJXHSRpWLTXHjSDUWLUGHOpWXGHGHV)OHXUVGXPDOHVWILQDOHPHQWTXHOKRPPHpWDQWOKRPPHGHVRQGLVFRXUVHVW WRXMRXUV OKRPPHGHVRQ WHPSVHWTXH ODFWLYLWpSRpWLTXHHVW FHTXL OHPRQWUHOHPLHX[

%HQYHQLVWH(3UREOqPHVGHOLQJXLVWLTXHJpQpUDOHWHW3DULV*DOOLPDUG%DXGHODLUH/HV)OHXUVGXPDO3DULV/H/LYUHGH3RFKH&KLVV-/'HVVRQV*/D)RUFHGXODQJDJH5\WKPHGLVFRXUVWUDGXFWLRQ$XWRXUGHOXYUHG+HQUL0HVFKRQQLF3DULV+RQRUp&KDPSLRQ'HVVRQV*/H3RqPHHpGLWLRQUHYXHUHPDQLpHHWDXJPHQWpHGHO,QWURGXFWLRQjODQDO\VHGXSRqPH3DULV$UPDQG&ROLQ'HVVRQV * /D 0DQLqUH IROOH (VVDL VXU OD PDQLH OLWWpUDLUH HW DUWLVWLTXH 3DULV0DQXFLXV/HPDUWHDXVDQVPDvWUH'HVVRQV*ePLOH%HQYHQLVWHOLQYHQWLRQGXGLVFRXUV3DULV,Q3UHVV'HVVRQV*5HPEUDQGWORGHXUGHODSHLQWXUH3DULV/DXUHQFH7HSHUpGLWLRQV'HVVRQV * ,QWURGXFWLRQ j OD SRpWLTXH $SSURFKH GHV WKpRULHV GH ODOLWWpUDWXUH3DULV$UPDQG&ROLQ'HVVRQV*0DHWHUOLQFN/HWKpkWUHGXSRqPH3DULV/DXUHQFH7HSHUpGLWLRQV'HVVRQV* 60DUWLQ30LFKRQpG+HQUL0HVFKRQQLF ODSHQVpHHW OHSRqPH3DULV,Q3UHVV'HVVRQV*/$UWHWOD0DQLqUHDUWOLWWpUDWXUHODQJDJH3DULV+RQRUp&KDPSLRQ'HVVRQV*0HVFKRQQLF+7UDLWpGXU\WKPH'HVYHUVHWGHVSURVHV3DULV1DWKDQ/DSODQWLQH&(PLOH%HQYHQLVWH%DXGHODLUH/LPRJHV/DPEHUW/XFDV

Marcelo

Marcelo

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

/HVFURFKHWVVRQWGH%HQYHQLVWH 3DUWLFXOLqUHPHQWORUVTXLOHVWDFFHQWXpjODFpVXUH6HUUpIRXUPLOODQWFRPPHXQPLOOLRQ GKHOPLQWKHV $X OHFWHXU /HV MDPEHV HQ ODLU FRPPH XQH IHPPHOXEULTXH 8QH FKDURJQH &H TXL VHUD FRQWLQXp SDU 5LPEDXG YRLU * 'HVVRQV5LPEDXGOHGpPRGHXU(XURSHRFWREUHSI%HQYHQLVWHFLWHGDQVFHPrPHIROLRORSSRVLWLRQFODLUVRPEUH (Q RXWUH GHV WHUPHV GXQH VWURSKH DQWpULHXUH FXUV HW HVSULWV YLHQQHQW VLQVpUHUGDQVFHUpVXPp/LGpHGHUpSpWLWLRQHVWJpQpUDOHPHQWLPSOLTXpHSDUOHVHQVGXYHUEHUHFUpHU0DLVFKH] %HQYHQLVWH UHFUpHU FHVW FUpHU j QHXI /H SRqWH UHFUpH GRQF XQH VpPLRORJLHQRXYHOOHSDUGHVDVVHPEODJHVQRXYHDX[HWOLEUHVGHPRWV9RLUVXUODFRUUpODWLRQGXSUpIL[HUH DYHF OH[SUHVVLRQj QHXI * 'HVVRQV%HQYHQLVWH OLQYHQWLRQ GX GLVFRXUVS&KRLVLVHWDJHQFpVjQHXI/H[SUHVVLRQXQHFHUWDLQHPDQLqUHGDQVODVpTXHQFHVXLYDQWHDXQHIRQFWLRQTXDVLLGHQWLTXH ,O IDXWTXH OHVPRWVHW OHVSKUDVHVFKRLVLVHW MRLQWVGXQHFHUWDLQHPDQLqUH>@IDVVHQWUHVVHQWLUDXOHFWHXUOpPRWLRQ2QQRWHUDODSUR[LPLWpGXWHUPHDYHFOH[SUHVVLRQGH%HQYHQLVWHGpMjPHQWLRQQpHjQHXI ORFXWLRQ DGYHUELDOH TXL LPSOLTXH HQ PrPH WHPSV OKLVWRULFLWp HW ODVXEMHFWLYLWpGXODQJDJH/DUWLVWHFUpHDLQVLVDSURSUHVpPLRWLTXH6pPLRORJLHGHODODQJXHS,OIDXWUHFRQQDvWUHTXHVXUFHWHUUDLQLODYDLWpWpSUpFpGpSDUOHVWHQWDWLYHVGH6DXVVXUHVXUOHVDQDJUDPPHVHWFHOOHVSOXVSURFKHVGH-DNREVRQVXUODSDURQRPDVH9RLUDXVVLOHI%DXGHODLUH/HV)OHXUVGXPDO3DULV/H/LYUHGH3RFKHS /D SKUDVH H[DFWH GH %DXGHODLUH HVW FHOOHFL 7RXW SRqWH TXL QH VDLW SDV DX MXVWHFRPELHQFKDTXHPRWFRPSRUWHGHULPHVHVWLQFDSDEOHGH[SULPHUXQHLGpHTXHOFRQTXH 0rPH VL GDQV OH GpWDLO GHV QRWHV OHV GHX[ QRWLRQV DOWHUQHQW /D FRQYLFWLRQ TXLOGHYDLW\DYRLUTXHOTXHFKRVHGHSDUWLFXOLHUHWPrPHGXQLTXHGDQVFHGLVFRXUV6pPLRORJLHGHODODQJXHSI-HFURLVYRLUPDLQWHQDQWODFOHIGXSUREOqPHTXHSRVHOHODQJDJHSRpWLTXHFHVWjGLUHSRXUPRLFHOXLGH%DXGHODLUH

3RXUFLWHUFHWDUWLFOH5pIpUHQFHpOHFWURQLTXH*pUDUG'HVVRQV/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH6HPHQ>(QOLJQH@_PLVHQOLJQHOHPDLFRQVXOWpOHMDQYLHU85/KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

$XWHXU*pUDUG'HVVRQV8QLYHUVLWp3DULV3RODUWSRpWLTXHHWSROLWLTXHGHODUW

$UWLFOHVGXPrPHDXWHXU

3URVHSURVDwTXHSURVDwVPH>7H[WHLQWpJUDO@3DUXGDQV6HPHQ_

'URLWVGDXWHXU3UHVVHVXQLYHUVLWDLUHVGH)UDQFKH&RPWp

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

2SHQ(GLWLRQ2SHQ(GLWLRQ%RRNV

2SHQ(GLWLRQ%RRNV/LYUHVHQVFLHQFHVKXPDLQHVHWVRFLDOHV/LYUHVeGLWHXUV(QVDYRLUSOXV

5HYXHVRUJ5HYXHVRUJ5HYXHVHQVFLHQFHVKXPDLQHVHWVRFLDOHV/HVUHYXHV(QVDYRLUSOXV

&DOHQGD&DOHQGD$QQRQFHVVFLHQWLILTXHV$FFpGHUDX[DQQRQFHV(QVDYRLUSOXV

+\SRWKqVHV+\SRWKqVHV&DUQHWVGHUHFKHUFKH$FFpGHUDX[FDUQHWV(QVDYRLUSOXV

/HWWUHDOHUWHV/HWWUH6DERQQHUjOD/HWWUHG2SHQ(GLWLRQ$OHUWHVDERQQHPHQWV$FFpGHUDXVHUYLFH

2SHQ(GLWLRQ)UHHPLXP

5HFKHUFKHU GDQVODUHYXHGDQV2SHQ(GLWLRQ

7LWUH6HPHQ5HYXHGHVpPLROLQJXLVWLTXHGHVWH[WHVHWGLVFRXUV

(QEUHI5HYXHGHVpPLROLQJXLVWLTXHGHVGLVFRXUVHWGHVWH[WHV$VHPLRWLFVDQGGLVFRXUVHDQDO\VLVMRXUQDO

6XMHWV/DQJDJHeSLVWpPRORJLHHWPpWKRGHV/LQJXLVWLTXH/LWWpUDWXUHV0pWKRGHVTXDQWLWDWLYHV0pWKRGHVTXDOLWDWLYHV

'LUGHSXEOLFDWLRQ$QGUpH&KDXYLQ9LOHQR

eGLWHXU3UHVVHVXQLYHUVLWDLUHVGH)UDQFKH&RPWp

6XSSRUW3DSLHUHWpOHFWURQLTXH

(,661;

,661LPSULPp

$FFqV2SHQDFFHVV)UHHPLXP

/H%DXGHODLUHGH%HQYHQLVWHHQWUHVW\OLVWLTXHHWSRpWLTXH

KWWSVHPHQUHYXHVRUJ

9RLUODQRWLFHGDQVOHFDWDORJXH2SHQ(GLWLRQ'2,5pIpUHQFHV

&LWHUFHWWHUpIpUHQFH

'XPrPHDXWHXU$UWLFOHVGXPrPHDXWHXUGDQVODUHYXH

*pUDUG'HVVRQV3URVHSURVDwTXHSURVDwVPH>7H[WHLQWpJUDO@3DUXGDQV6HPHQ_