ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ds fy, okW'k vkSj LokLF; · 2018-04-25 · eSa vk'kk djrk gWw fd okVj...
Transcript of ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ds fy, okW'k vkSj LokLF; · 2018-04-25 · eSa vk'kk djrk gWw fd okVj...
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ds fy, okW'k vkSj LokLF; çf'k{kkfFkZ; a ds çf'k{k.k dh fu;ekoyh ¼eSU;wvy½[kaM 1-0
MCY;w,l,llhlh }kjk lh[kus dh J`a[kyk,¡ ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku
eSa ;g tkudj [kq'k gwWaa fd dh fjlkslZ lsUVj is;ty ,oa LoPNrk] lsUVj QkWj xqM xoZusal] mRRkjk[k.M ekgokjh
LoPNrk izca/ku ij jk"Vªh; Lrj ij izf'k{kdksa dk izf'k{k.k vk;ksftr dj jgk gS rFkk ekgokjh LoPNrk izca/ku ij
rhu iqLrdsa okVj lIykbZ ,.M lSfuVs'ku dksyscksjsfVc dkmfUly ds lg;ksx ls izdkf'kr fd;k gS ;Fkk &
¼1½ ySc ekxZfunsZf'kdk ¼2½ dk;ZdrkZvksa ds izf'k{k.k dh ekxZfunsZf'kdk rFkk ¼3½ izf'k{kdksa ds izf'k{k.k dh ekxZfunsZf'kdk
LoPNrk ,oa lQkbZ efgykvksa dh futrk] xfjek]lqj{kk ,oa vkRelEeku ls tqM+k gqvk egRoiw.kZ eqn~nk gSAfueZy
Hkkjr vfHk;ku esa efgykvksa dh LoPNrk dh vko';drkvksa ij fo'ks‘k cy fn;k x;k gS rFkk fueZy Hkkjr cukus
esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh dks lqfuf'pr djrk gSA
ekgokjh efgykvksa rFkk yM+fd;ksa ds LokLF; rFkk muds thou'kfDr dk egRoiw.kZ ladsrd gSA bldk LoPNrk
iwoZd izca/ku xfjek ds lkFk fd;k tkuk vPNs LoPNrk ,oa lQkbZ dk vfHkUu vax gSAeq>s fo'okl gS fd LoPNrk
,oa lQkbZ dk vfHk;ku ;qok oxZ esa vf/kd izHkko'kkyh jgrk gS D;ksafd ;s yksx ykHkkFkhZ gSa rFkk ifjokj esa O;ogkj
ifjorZu ds dkjd gSA ;qok oxZ rsth ds lkFk fodYiksa dks Lohdkj djrk gS rFkk vPNs ifj.kkeksa dks izkIr djus gsrq
i}fr rFkk xfr'khy dk;Ziz.kkfy;ksa esa lEefyr gksrk gSA ;|fi dqN vxzxkeh ifjorZu lEHko gq, gS] ijUrq blesa
oSdfYid izfreku cukus gsrq dk;Z :i esa ifj.kfr ykus dk fopkj ugha feyrk gS tks fd lQyrk dks lqfuf'pr
djrk gSA okVj lIykbZ ,.M lSfuVs'ku dksyscksjsfVc dkmfUly ,oa mRRkjk[k.M vdkneh dk ;g iz;kl fu/kkZfjr
y{; dh izkfIr esa ,d dne gSA
eSa vk'kk djrk gWw fd okVj lIykbZ ,.M lSfuVs'ku dksyscksjsfVc dkmfUly ,oa mRRkjk[k.M vdkneh leqnk; dks
tkxr djus] etcwr djus rFkk visf{kr ifj.kke izkIr djus] fo'ks’k :i ls efgykvksa ,oa ;qok oxZ dks lqjf{kr ,oa
LoLF; i;kZoj.k rFkk fodflr ekgokjh LoPNrk izca/ku ds lqfo/kkvksa dks crkus esa lQyrk izkIr djsaA
iadt tSu
lfpo
is;ty ,oa LoPNrk ea=ky;
Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh
Pankaj Jain Secretary
iadt tSu lfpo Government of India
Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation 12th Floor, Paryavaran Bhavan, C.G.O. Complex
Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110 003 Tel. No. : 24362705 Fax : 24361062
E-mail : [email protected]
Hkkjr ljdkj is;ty ,oa LoPNrk ea=ky;
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
prefaceizLrkouk
,d n'kd ls Hkh vf/kd le; rd pys ^lEiw.kZ LoPNrk vfHk;ku* ds dke dks vkxs c<+krs gq, 2012
esa fueZy Hkkjr vfHk;ku dk 'kqHkkjEHk xzkeh.k Hkkjr dks ^fueZy Hkkjr* esa :ikarfjr djus ds fy,
fd;k x;kA bls leqnk; lapkfyr rFkk tu dsfUnzr j.kuhfr;ksa ds }kjk leqnk; ds iw.kZ larfIrdj.k
ds fl)kUr dks vk/kkj cukdj leqnk; esa tkx:drk iSnk djus vkSj LoPNrk lsokvksa dh lqfo/kk,¡
miyC/k djkus vkSj muds iz;ksx dh ekax dks iSnk djus ds fy, viuk;k x;k gSA
fueZy Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds izeq[k y{;SaS%
Ä xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa lkekU; thou dh xq.koRrk esa lq/kkj ykukA
Ä lu 2022 rd] xzkeh.k {ks=ksa dks fueZy cukus sds fy, Xkzkeh.k {ks=¨a esa LoPNrk ds lar`fIrdj.k
esa rsth ykuk]ftlls ¡ns'k dh lHkh xzke iapk;rsa ^fueZy* gks ld
Ä tkx:drk l`tu vkSj LokLF; f'k{kk ds ek/;e ls LFkk;h 'k©pky; dh lqfo/kk d¨ c<+kok nsus
ds fy, leqnk;¨a vkSj iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa d¨ çsfjr djukA
Ä Xkzkeh.k {ks=¨a esa loZ f'k{kk vfHk;ku ¼,l,l,½ds vUrxZr vlar`Ir Ldwyksa vkSj vkaxuckM+h dsanz¨a
lar`Ir dks djrs gq, ogk¡ mfpr LoPNrk lqfo/kk,¡ eqgS;k djkuk vkSj Nk=¨a ds chp LoPNrk]
f'k{kk vkSj LoPNrk lEcU/kh vknr¨a dk lfØ; çpkj djukA
Ä ikfjfLFkfrdh ds fy, lqjf{kr vkSj LFkk;h 'kkSpky;ksa ds fy, de ykxr vkSj mi;qDr
ç©n~;¨fxdh d¨ ç¨Rlkgu nsuk A
Ä leqnk; }kjk çcaf/kr i;kZoj.k LoPNrk ra= dks fodflr djuk tks xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa Bksl vkSj
rjy vif'k"V ds izHkkoh izca/ku }kjk lexz Xkzkeh.k okrkoj.k dks lkQ j[kus ij viuk /;ku
dsfUnzr djsaA
fueZy Hkkjr vfHk;ku esa vius mn~ns';ksa dh izkfIr ds fy, efgykvksa ds Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa dks
'kkfey djus ij egRo fn;k x;k gS vkSj LoPNrk lsokvksa dks detksj oxZ ¼ftlesa os ?kj Hkh 'kkfey
gSa tgk¡ efgyk;sa ?kj dh eqf[k;k gS½ rd igq¡pkus dks] lqfuf'pr djus dh vko';drk crkbZ gSA ;g
igy ekWx vk/kkfjr nf"Vdks.k ij vk/kkfjr gS] ftlls ,slh vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk dk fuekZ.k gks lds
ftldks yksx pkgrs gksa rFkk iz;ksx esa ykus ,oa mldh ns[kHkky djus dks rS;kj gksaA ;|fi fueZy
Hkkjr vfHk;ku esa esa Li"V :i ls ekfld /keZ LoPNrk çca/ku¼,e,p,e½ dk mYys[k ,d fo"k; ds
:Ik esa ugha fd;k x;k gS ftldk izHkko efgykvksa ij iMrk gksA fueZy Hkkjr vfHk;ku ds y{; ds
vUrxZr vkus okyh vk/kh tula[;k esa ls efgaykvksa ds thoudky ds 35 ls 40 lky rd ekfld
/keZ u dsoy efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk dks izHkkfor djrk gS cfYd blls
i;kZoj.k ij Hkh izHkko iM+rk gSA bldk mYys[k vyx ls ugha fd;k x;k gS rFkkfi gekjs izf'k{k.k
vkSj tkx:drk c<+kus okys izko/kkuksa] O;ogkj cnyus okys ekWMyksa] dk;ZØe ykxw djus ds ra=ksa vkSj
blesa miyC/k foRrh; O;oLFkkvksa rFkk fueZy Hkkjr vfHk;ku dh LFkkuh; Lrj ij O;k[;k] sjkT; ,oa
mldh fdz;kUo;u ,tsfUl;ksa ij NksMk x;k gSA Hkkjr esa ty vkSj LoPNrk lsokvksa ds forj.k dh
lQyrk vkSj fLFkjrk ds fy, ;gk¡ miyC/k {ks= vkSj 'kks/k v/;;uksa ls izkIr vkSj uhfrxr vuqHkoksa]
izca/ku vkSj izca/ku lacaf/k fu.kZ; ysus esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh vko”;d gSA
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
izLrkouk
ty vkiwfrZ lg;ksx ifj"kn ¼MCyw,l,llhlh½ }kjk ikap jkT;ksa esa] 2012 esa 12000 efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk fo|ky;ksa vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku iz;ksx’kkyk ¼MCyw,l,llhlh }kjk fMtkbu dh xbZ½ esa fd, x, izkFkfed 'kks/k esa Hkh yM+fd;ksa dh tSfod vko’;drkvksa ls tqM+h lqfo/kkvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh ekax dh iqf"V dh xbZA ,e,p,e iz;ksx’kkyk ^fueZy Hkkjr ;k=k* ds nkSjku lu~ 2012 esa ,d cMs dk;Zdze dk fgLlk Fkh ftldk vk;kstu ^ok’k ;wukVsM* vkSj ^fDohdlSaM* }kjk Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkFk lk>snkjh esa fd;k x;k FkkA ;g ;k=k fueZy Hkkjr ds rhu izeq[k fcUnq Fks&[kqys esa 'kkSp jksduk] lkcqu ls gkFk /kksuk vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ij tkx:drk QSykukA
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e iz;ksx”kkyk gtkjkas efgykvkas vkSj yM+fd;kas rd igq¡ph ftlesa v?;Ze~ xw¡t vkSj fMftVy ,eikWojesaV QkmaMs”ku tSlh dbZ NksVh vkSj e/;e vkdkj dh laLFkk;sa “kkfey gSaA ?kj] Ldwy as] dk;Z vkSj [ksy ds nkSjku gtkjksa efgykvksa vkSj yMfd;kas dh vksj ls O;DrZ Li’V vkSj Å¡ph vkoktksas dks ,e,p,e iz;ksx”kkyk esa lfEefyr gtkjkas iq:’kksa vkSj yMdkas us Hkh viuk leFkZu fn;kA ;s vkoktsa bl izdkj O;Dr dh xbZ &%vkbZ;s bl ckjs eas ckr djsa]vkbZ;s blds fy, dqN djsa rkfd ge vius ekfld /keZ dk izca/ku xoZ vkSj lEeku ds lkFk dj ldas vkSj bLrseky dh xbZ ekfld /keZ lacaf/kr lkexzh dk fuLrkj.k i;kZoj.k dks uqdlku fd;s fcuk sdjsaA ljdkj dh isjkSdkjh mlds lalk/kukas vkSj egRokdka{kkvkas ds lkFk tqM+dj] blls lacf/kr lans”k vkSj lsokvkas dks xzkeh.k Hkkjr dh efgykvkas vkSj yM+fd;kas rd igq¡pkus ds fy, ,d vkn”kZ eap iznku djrk gSA MCY;w,l,llhlh csgrj le>] tkudkjh lka>k djus] ijke”kZ] izf”k{k.k vkSj ekfld LoPNrk ij leFkZu ds fy, LFkkuh; vkSj jkT; ljdkjkas] izlkj dk;ZdrkZvksa] f”k{kdksa] izf”k{kdksa] is;ty ,oa LoPNrk rFkk LokLF; sdk;ZdrkZvksa ds lkFk o?kkZ ls csfr;k rd ,d lexz “kfDr ds #Ik esa dk;Z fd;k gSA izf”k{kdksa dks ;g ckr fcYdqy Li’V Fkh fd ;g dk;ZØe u;k ugha gS ij blls yksxkas dk tqM+ko ugha FkkA izR;sd jkT; dh yM+fd;ksa vkSj efgykvkas us ,e,p,e iz;ksx”kkyk eas gq, ppkZvkas dks] muds thou eas gks jgh igyh ckj dh ,slh egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk ds #Ik es crk;kA bl dk;Zdze esa efgyk,sa ,oa yMfd;kW ekfld pØ ds ckjs esa le> Ikk jgh Fkha vkSj lqjf{kr LoPNrk O;ogkjksa rFkk lkexzh ds iqu% iz;ksxksa ,oa mlds fuLrkj.k ds ckjs eas lh[k jgh FkhaA
bl lkexzh ds fodkl] ijh{k.k vkSj fVIif.k;ksa dks ik¡p jkT;kas esa fofHkUu vk;q lewgkas] Qksdl lewgkas vkSj vyx&vyx oxksZ ¼ftlesa Ldwy Hkh “kkfey Fks½ esa ijLij cSBdj dh xbZ ppkZ ds vk/kkj ij izdk”ku gsrq rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA MCY;w,l,llhlh }kjk ys[kdkas dh ,d dk;Z”kkyk Qjojh 2013 esa eqEcbZ esa vk;ksftr dh xbZ tgk¡ ,e,p,e iz;ksx”kkyk lgk;dksa] fMt+kuj¨a] çf’k{kd¨a vkSj fo’ks"kK¨a dks fu;ekoyh vkSj midj.kksa dh ,d J`a[kyk fodflr djus ds fy, ,df=r fd;k x;k FkkA ,e,p,e ds ifjis{; esa fodykaxrk fo”ks’kK fo”ks’k :i ls iz’uxr lkfgR; ds lEcf/kZr ,oa izdkf’kr djkus gsrq vkefU=r FksA fofHkUu fo”ks’kKkas ds ukekas ds fy, ^vkHkkj* vuqHkkx ns[ksaA
bl lkexzh dks rS;kj djus esa bls i<us rFkk vklkuh ls iz;ksx djus dks /;ku esa j[kk x;k gSaaA ;g xq.koRrk vkSj lans”kksa dks fcuk fdlh =qfV ds leLr efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;kas rd bls igqapkus esa layXu lsok iznkrkvkas] vLFkk;h dk;ZdrkZvksa] lkeqnkf;d dk;ZdrkZvksa] f”k{kdksa] vfHkHkkodksa vkSj lg;ksfx;ksa }kjk dq’kyrkiwoZd ,oa izHkkoh rjhds ls iz;ksx ds fy, cuk;k x;k gSA ;g dsoy LoPNrk] ikuh vkSj LkQkbZ rd ghs lhfer ugha gS cfYd ;g vkjke] xoZ] LkEeku] vkRefo”okl vkSj blls Lkacf/kr ekax dks iSnk djus dh ckr djrk gS rkfd efgyk,¡ vkSj yM+fd;k¡ gj le; fcuk fdlh “keZ vkSj Mj ds Lkekt esa xkSjo ds lkFk th ldsaA
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
izLrkouk
efgykvkas vkSj yM+fd;ksa dks ekfld /keZ gksrk gS vkSj blls vxyh ih<+h dk tUe gksrk gSA tSfod izd`fr dh bl izfØ;k ij gekjh le> dks xgjk cukus ds fy, vkSj blls tqM+s xoZ vkSj vkRefo”okl ¼tks bldk LokHkkfod fgLlk gksuk pkfg,½ ds fy, bldk vkSj blls tqM+h lkexzh dk izdk”ku fd;k x;k gSA ekfld /keZ dk izca/ku ,oa blls tqM+h LoPNrk thou dk ,d egRoiwoZ fgLlk gS vkSj bu O;ogkfjd vk;keksa dks ;g izdk”ku ljy cukuk pkgrk gS rkfd efgykvksa dks xfjek vkSj xksiuh;rk ds LkkFk eghus ds fdlh Hkh le; LkkQ vkSj vkjkenk;d lqfo/kk;sa miyC/k gks ldsaA uhfrfuekZrkvksa] izf”k{kdksa] fodkl ds lk>hnkjksa ukxfjd lekt ds lnL;ksa] f”k{kkfonkas] ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa vkSj leqnk; ds usrkvkas dks bl izdk”ku ds mi;ksx djus ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k tkrk gS rkfd ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ls tqM+s cnyko dks c<+k;k vkSj foLrkfjr fd;k tk ldsA ;g iwjs ns”k eas py jgs fueZy Hkkjr vfHk;ku essa efgykvksa] yM+fd;ksa vkSj ;qok yksxkas dh lfØ; Hkkxhnkjh dks c<+kok ns ldrk gSA gesa vk”kk gS fd ;g lkexzh vkidks pqIih rksM+us vkSj bldh ppkZ djus esa lgk;rk iznku djsxh rkfd “keZ dh txg xoZ ys vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku izR;sd fo|ky;] LokLF; dsUnksaz] dk;ZLFkyksa ,oa fofHkUu ifjogu dsUnzksaz vkSj edkuksa ds ekufp=hdj.k ,oa fuekZ.k dk fgLlk gksA
vpZu ikVdj
dk;ZØe izca/kd] usVofdaZx vkSj Kku izca/ku] ty vkiwfrZ lg;ksx ifj"kn~
vkHkkj;g izdk”ku fuEu fo”ks’kKkas ¼tks eqEcbZ esa vk;ksftr ,d ys[ku dk;Z”kkyk esa blh mís”; ls bdëk gq, Fks½ }kjk lg;ksxiw.kZ rjhds ls fy[kk x;k Fkk% Yk{eh ewfrZ] ekfj;k QjusafMt+] fot; xkoMs] mfeZyk pue] oS”kkyh PkUnzk] d’.kk jkekor] f”kokaxuh VaMu] osnk tspkfj;k] fouksn feJk] vpZuk ikVdj ¼MCY;w,l,llhlh½A ;g izdk”ku MCY;w,l,llhlh ds tsusok LVkWQ ds ewY;koku
Lkq>koksa }kjk Hkh ykHkkfUor gqvk gS ftlesa t+syMk psuksfop] ,UMª;w dSuhfxfjjs] MsfoM eSF;w] o’kkZ “kekZ vkSj MfoM Vªwuk “kkfey gaSA
vLohdj.k;g izdk”ku ty vkiwfrZ ,oa LoPNrk lg;ksx ifj’kn~ ¼MCY;w,l,llhlh½ vkSj Hkkjr Lkjdkj }kjk feydj Ckuk;k x;k gSA gkykafd fdlh Hkh xyrh ;k pwd dh ftEesokjh dsoy MCY;w,l,llhlhs dh gksxhA bl fjiksZV eas nh xbZ fVIif.k;ksa vkSj lg;ksx ds fy, ikuh] LoPNrk] lQkbZ] iztuu] ;kSu LokLF; vkSj f”k{kk ls tqM+s Hkkjr ds izfrfuf/k;ksa vkSj vU;ksa dk d`rKrkiw.kZ vkHkkjA blesa bl fo’k; ij igys ls miyC/k lkexzh dks Hkh “kkfey fd;k x;k gSA
© 2013 ty vkiwfrZ vkSj LoPNrk lg;ksx ifj’kn~
;g fjiksVZ vkSj MCyw,l,llhlh ds vU; izdk'ku www.wsscc.org ij miyC/k gSaA
fMt+kbu vkSj izdk'ku% ,lhMCY;w] yanu] ;wds
dqath
lkexzh
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MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
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lU-3: MenstrUal Hygiene ManageMent
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
2- i`"BHkwfe3- ifjp;4- çfrHkkxh5- lh[kus dh bdkbZ;k¡6- lh[kus dh bdkbZ 1 vko';drk] vo/kkj.kk vkSj ,e,p,e ds ?kVd
12- lh[kus dh bdkbZ 2 LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp laca/k
21- lh[kus dh bdkbZ 3 cfg"dj.k] fodykaxrk vkSj ,e,p,e esa iq#"k¨a dh Hkwfedk
30- lh[kus dh bdkbZ 4 fofHké vk;q lewg¨a ¼fd'k¨j¨a vkSj jt¨fuo`Rr efgykvksa½ ds fy, ,e,p,e
33- lh[kus dh bdkbZ 5 cgq Lrjh; laLFkkxr O;oLFkk,¡] Hkwfedk,¡ vkSj ,e,p,e esa fofHké fgr/kkjd¨a
dh ftEesnkfj;k¡
36- lh[kus dh bdkbZ 6 Ldwy¨a] vkaxuokM+h dsUnz¨a] lkoZtfud LFkku¨a vkSj dk;ZLFky¨a
esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk çca/ku ds fy, vko';d lqfo/kk,¡
38- lh[kus dh bdkbZ 7 lSfuVjh uSifduksa dk lqjf{kr fuiVku
46- lh[kus dh bdkbZ 8 çR;{k çf'k{k.k d©'ky] lapkj d©'ky vkSj utf+j;s esa cnyko
48- lh[kus dh bdkbZ 9 lkeqnkf;d Hkkxhnkjh ds n`f"Vd¨.k vkSj mudk ç;¨x
50- lh[kus dh bdkbZ 10 O;ogkj esa cnyko ds midj.k vkSj vkÃÃlh lkeXkzh dk mi;¨x
56- lh[kus dh bdkbZ 11 çf'k{k.k ewY;kadu
57- lh[kus dk LFkkukarj.k58- çf’k{k.k dh j.kuhfr59- lalk/ku vkSj lanHkZ60- çLrkfor le;&lkj.kh
izLrkouk
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LU-3: MenstrUaL Hygiene ManageMent
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
,d efgyk dks vius thoudky essa dqy feykdj 40 lkyksa ds fy, ekfld /keZ gksrk gSA ysfdu
fodkl'khy ns'kksa eas jgus okyh dkQh efgykvksa dks lkQ ikuh] /kksus vkSj lQkbZ ds fy, lqjf{kr vkSj
futh {ks=ksa] ekfld /keZ jDr dk vo'kks"k.k djus okyh lkexzh ;k iz;ksx esa ykbZ gqbZ ekgokjh LoPNrk
lkexzh dks lqjf{kr <ax ls u"V djus ds fy, lgh LFkkuksa rd igq¡p izkIr ugha gSA
,d vuqeku ds vuqlkj Hkkjr esa] 20 dj®M+ efgykvksa dks ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh LoPNrk vkSj rkSj&rjhdksa
ds ckjss esa cgqr de le> gSA blds vykok dsoy 12 izfr'kr Hkkjrh; efgyk,¡ vkSj yM+fd;k¡
okf.kfT;d LoPNrk mRiknksa dk mi;ksx djrh gSaA
,sfrgkfld :Ik ls] efgykvksa ds 'kjhj vkSj ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh ls tqM+h HkzkfUr;ksa] fu"ks/kksa vkSj dyad
us Hkkjr esa ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh LoPNrk esa lq/kkj ykus ds mn~ns'; ls dh tkus okyh izxfr'khy igyksa
dks fu"Qy dj fn;k gSA cgqr ls leqnk; ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh dks v'kq}rk vkSj ifo= phtksa ds iznw"k.k
ls tksM+dj ns[krs gSaaA ;s ekU;rk,sa fu"ks/kksa vkSj dHkh&dHkh efgykvksa ds nSfud thou dh xfrfof/k;ksa ij
yxus okys fofp= fu;eksa ls tqM+ tkrh gaSA mnkgj.k ds fy, lcls vke izFkkvksa esa ls dqN esa vius gh
?kj ;k jlksbZ?kj esa izos'k] [kkuk] ikuh vkSj ikS/kksa dks Nwuk ;k /kkfeZd xfrfof/k;ksa eas Hkkx ysus ij izfrca/k
yxkuk 'kkfey gSaA
,slh /kkj.kk,¡ vkSj izFkk,¡ u dsoy efgykvksa dh xfjek dk mYya?ku djrh gSa cfYd buls muds dY;k.k
vkSj LokLF; ij Hkh xaHkhj izHkko iM+rk gSA lalk/kuksa ,oa Kku ds vHkko ds dkj.k efgykvksa dks cqfu;knh
LoPNrk lkexzh vkSj lqfo/kkvksa rd igq¡p izkIr ugha gksus ls fLFkfr vkSj [kjkc gks tkrh gSA dqN ekeyksas
esa] efgykvksa dks ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh ls fudyus okys jDr ds vo'kks"k.k ds fy, vLoPN fodYiksa tSls
fd jk[k] v[kckj] ?kklQwl] jsr ;k iqjkus fpFkM+ksa dk iz;ksx djus ds fy, etcwj gksuk iM+rk gSA ifj.
kkeLo:Ik] izR;sd ekfld /keZ ekufld] HkkoukRed vkSj 'kkjhfjd vk?kkr ls Hkjk gksrk gS ftlls iwjs
Hkkjr esa efgykvksa ds nSfud thou ij izHkko iM+rk gSA
Hkkjr esa rsbZl izfr'kr yM+fd;k¡ ;qokoLFkk rd igq¡pus ds rqjar ckn Ldwy tkuk NksM+ nsrh gSaA Ldwyksa
esa ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh ds izca/ku laca/kh ewy lqfo/kk,¡ ekStwn ugha gSaA Ldwyksa esa ekfld /keZ ls lacaf/kr
lkexzh] mls cnyus ds fy, LFkkuksa] 'kkSpky;ksa esa uy@cgrk gq, ikuh dk dksbZ lzksr vkSj fuiVku dh
lqfo/kkvksa dk u gksuk] ,d yM+dh dh f'k{kk ij izHkko Mky jgs gSaA fu"ks/k vkSj dyad ds dkj.k LokLF;
rFkk ekfld /keZ ds ckjs esa yM+fd;ksa vkSj lfEefyr ds chp ckrphr ugha gksrh gSA
i"BHkwfe
3
lU-3: MenstrUal Hygiene ManageMent
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds lEeku vkSj dY;k.k ds fy, vR;ar egRoiw.kZ
gS vkSj ewyHkwr LoPNrk] lQkà vkSj çtuu laca/kh LokLF; lsokvksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gS
ysfdu] ekfld /keZ blls tqMs+ lkaLd`frd ut+fj;s ds dkj.k vDlj ,d oftZr eqn~nk jgk gS]
ftlesa ;g fopkj Hkh 'kkfey gS fd ekfld /keZ okyh efgyk,¡ vkSj yM+fd;k¡ ^nwf"kr*] ^xanh* vkSj
^vifo=* gSaA
bl lkaLd`frd pqu©rh dk lkeuk djrs gq,] 2012 esa Hkkjr ljdkj vkSj 2012 okW'k ;qukbVsM
us vHkwriwoZ fueZy Hkkjr ^xzsVokW'k* ;k=k dk vk;¨tu fd;k1A bl dk;ZØe ds ckn] fd
MCY;w,l,llhlh ¼WSSCC½ ds usr`Ro esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e&MHM½ ij
dke ds rgr 747 efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa dk baVjO;w fy;k x;kA fo"k; dsfUnzr lkewfgd
fopkj&foeZ’k esa 12]000 ls vf/kd y¨x¨a d¨ 'kkfey fd;k x;k] ftlesa f'k{kd¨a] leqnk; ds
LokLF; vkSj vkaxuokM+h2 dk;ZdrkZvksa us ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ çf'k{k.k ds fy,
dkQh vf/kd #fp fn[kkbZA blesa fuEu fo"k;ksa dks lacksf/kr djus dk fo'ks"k vkxzg fd;k x;k%
1- tehuh Lrj ij ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ds LokLF; ls tMs+ ely a esa Kku dh deh(
2- LokLF;] f'k{kk vkSj lesfdr cky fodkl lsok ¼vklhMh,l&ICDS½ ds tehuh Lrj ds
deZpkfj; a esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ lacaf/k Kku vkSj dkS”kyksa dh deh(
3- ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ f'k{kk vkSj çf'k{k.k ds dk;kZUo;u ij fgr/kkjd¨a
dh vLi"V Hkwfedk,¡ vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡(
4- ewyHkwr deZpkfj;¨a esa fo"k; ls fuiVus ds fy, çsj.kk dh deh ¼fcuk ekxZZn'kZu ds vkxs
u c<+kuk½A
bl ekax d¨ iwjk djus ds fy,] ;g fu;ekoyh okW'k ds çf'k{kd¨a vkSj LokLF; çnkrkvksa ds fy,
rS;kj dh xà gS rkfd os fu;fer :i ls pqIih esa Mwcs bl fo"k; vkSj efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa
ds LokLF;] f'k{kk vkSj vkthfodk ij çHkko Mkyus okys ,d eqn~ns ij fo'okl ds lkFk ckr
djus esa l{ke g¨aA ;g fu;ekoyh lh[kus dh bdkÃ;¨a dh ,d J`a[kyk gS t¨ efgykvksa vkSj
yM+fd;¨a ds fy, ekfld /keZ LoPNrk esa ^dSls lq/kkj yk;k tk,* bl y{; dks /;ku j[krs gq,
fpfdRld¨a ds f'k{k.k ds fy, cukbZ xbZ gSA ;g fofHké O;oLFkkvks esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds
egRoiw.kZ igyqvksa d¨ doj djrh gS vkSj ;g ekgokjh LoPNrk vH;kl ds nqfu;k Hkj ls feys
mnkgj.k¨a ij vk/kkfjr gSA
1 ,uch, dh XkszV okW'k ,d cgq&ek/;eksa okyh esxk&pSfEi;u ;k=k gS ftlus Hkkjr esa LoPNrk vkSj lQkà ds ckjs esa tkx:drk iSnk dh
vkSj O;ogkfjd cnyko d¨ c<+k fn;kA ;g çk:i ,d fo'kky 6]000&7]000 oxZ ehVj esa QSys dkfuZoy tSlk yxrk gS vkSj Ng lQkÃ
vkSj LoPNrk çdj.k okys vuqHkkx¨a ;k {ks=¨a dk cuk gS] ftudk uke gS% [ksy vkSj xfrfof/k {ks=( çnZ'kuh {ks=( iz;ksx'kkyk( fu"iknu {ks=(
QSys gq, çnZ'ku( vkSj Hk¨tu vkSj [kqnjk O;kikjA
2 vkaxMokM+h Hkkjr esa ,d ljdkj }kjk çk;¨ftr cPp¨a dh ns[kHkky vkSj ek¡ dh ns[kHkky dk dsanz gS t¨ 0&6 lky dh mez ls cPp¨a dh
vko';drkvksa dk /;ku j[krk gSA vkaxuokM+h dk vFkZ fgUnh esa vkaxu esa vkJ; gSA
izLrkouk
4 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
bl fu;ekoyh ds ckjs esa vPNh tkudkjh ,d çf'k{kd d¨ fuEu n¨ eq[; y{; a d¨ iwjk djus nsxh%
1- f'k{kd¨a] vkaxuokM+h dk;ZdrkZvksa] vk”kk deZpkfj;¨a vkSj lgk;d nkÃ;¨a ¼,,u,e&ANM½
ds fy, jkT;] ft+ys vkSj xkao ds Lrj¨a ij ,d ikap fnu¨a ds çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe dh ;¨tuk
cukuk] vk;¨tu vkSj lapkyu djukA
2- çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe¨a dh fuxjkuh vkSj ewY;kadu djukA
;g fu;ekoyh Hkfo"; ds çf'k{kd¨a d¨ fuEu tkudkjh nsdj mUgsa l{ke cuk;sxhs% lgdfeZ;ksa
vkSj deZpkfj;ksa esa izf'k{k.k vkSj mls yksxksa rd igq¡pkus dh {kerk% ,d ekfld /keZ LoPNrk
izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ çf'k{k.k ikB~;Øe ds çca/ku ds fy, rduhdsa( vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku
¼,e,p,e½ ij tkudkjh] f'k{kk vkSj lapkj ¼vkbZblh&IEC½ midj.k¨a ds bLrseky ds ckjs esa KkuA
izfrHkkxh
Hkkjr ds çR;sd jkT; ls nl çf'k{kd¨a dks çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, LokLF; vkSj
ifjokj dY;k.k foHkkx }kjk p;fur fd;k tk,xk ¼çf'k{k.kkfFkZ;ksa dk p;u jkT; ds vkdkj ds
vuq:i fd;k tk;sxk½A ;s çf'k{kd Loa; lsoh vkSj 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa ;k ljdkj ds lkFk okW'k
vkSj LokLF; ij dke dj jgs is'ksoj yksxksa esa ls pqus tk,axsA çf'k{kd¨a dk çR;sd lewg 25&30
çf'k{kkfFkZ;¨a ds dke d¨ ns[ksxkA
bl çf'k{k.k ds iwjk g¨us ij] izfrHkkxh fuEu dk;Z djus esa l{ke g¨ tk,axs%
1- ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ dh vo/kkj.kk d¨ le>kus esa(
2- LokLF;] f'k{kk vkSj vklhMh,l foHkkx ds ewyHkwr deZpkfj;¨a ds fy, çf'k{k.k dk;ZØe dk
lapkyu djus esa(
3- lSusVjh uSifdu d¨ lqjf{kr :i ls u"V djus dh çfØ;k dk o.kZu djus esa(
4- {ks= esa lgHkkxh n`f"Vd¨.k dk çn'kZu djus esa(
5- ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ dh vko';drk vkSj vgfe;r d¨ le>kus esa(
6- ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ij fofHké fgr/kkjd a dh Hkwfedkvksa vkSj ftEesnkfj; a
dk o.kZu djus esa(
7- ekax iSnk djus vkSj tkudkjh] f'k{kk vkSj ckrphr ¼vkbZblh½ okYkh xfrfof/k;¨a ds fy,
lkekftd foi.ku i)fr dk o.kZu djus esa A
izLrkouk
5MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
çf’k{k.k dk;ZØe esa 11 lh[kus dh bdkÃ;k¡ gSa] ftls nwljs dks ekfld /keZ ij izf’k{k.k nsus ls
igys izfrHkkfx;ksa dks t:j iwjk djuk pkfg,A
lh[kus dh bdkà 1 ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ dh vko’;drk]
vo/kkj.kk vkSj ?kVdA
lh[kus dh bdkà 2 LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp dk laca/kA
lh[kus dh bdkà 3 ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ esa vknfe; a dk otZu]
fodykaxrk vkSj iq:”kksa dh HkwfedkA
lh[kus dh bdkà 4 fofHké vk;q lewg¨a ¼fd’k¨fj;¨a vkSj jt¨fuo`r efgykvksa½ ds fy,
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½A
lh[kus dh bdkà 5 cgqLrjh; laLFkku O;oLFkk vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku
¼,e,p,e½ esa fgr/kkjd¨a dh Hkwfedk,¡ vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡A
lh[kus dh bdkà 6 Ldwy¨a] vkaxuokM+h dsUnz¨a] lkoZtfud LFkku¨a vkSj dk;ZLFky¨a esa
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk çca/ku ds fy, t+:jh lqfo/kk,¡A
lh[kus dh bdkà 7 lSusVjh uSifdu¨a dk lqjf{kr fuiVkuA
lh[kus dh bdkà 8 çR;{k çf’k{k.k dkS”ky] lapkj dkS”ky vkSj ut+fj;s esa cnykoA
lh[kus dh bdkà 9 leqnk; a dk lgHkkfxrk nf”Vd¨.k vkSj mudk ç;¨xA
lh[kus dh bdkà 10 O;ogkj esa cnyko ds midj.k ¼chlhlh&BCC½ vkSj tkudkjh]
f’k{kk vkSj lapkj dh lkexzh dk bLrsekyA
lh[kus dh bdkà 11 çf’k{k.k ewY;kaduA
lh[kus dh bdkÃ;k¡
6
LU-3: MenstrUaL Hygiene ManageMent
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
vko';drk] vo/kkj.kk vkSj ,e,p,e ds ?kVdmÌs';%
lh[kus dh bdkà 1 dh lekfIr ij izfrHkkxh ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ dh
vko';drk] vo/kkj.kk vkSj ?kVd¨a d¨ le>kus esa l{ke g¨axsA
lh[kus dk dk;ZØe%
3 dFkkokpd dgkfu;¨a dk vkSj muds laj{kd¨a ¼tteku½] t¨ iwjs jktLFkku esa vkSj Hkkjr ds fudVorhZ jkT;¨a esa QSys gSa] ds oa'k¨a dk ftØ
djrs gq, dkon ds fofo/k iSuy¨a dh rg¨a d¨ [k¨yrs gSaA
Øe
la[;k
fo"k;&lwph rjhdk Ekk/;e fu"iknu esa lgk;d midj.k
le; çf'k{kd
1 pqIih d¨ r¨M+uk O;k[;ku vkSj fQYe
CySd c¨MZ f¶yi pkVZ] f¶yi cqd3] ekfld /keZpØ] ,çu] dkxt dh fpVsa] ekdZj isu] pkVZ isij vkSj MªkWi ckWDl
45 feuV
eq[; çf'k{kd & lkeqnkf;d LokLF; fo'ks"kK
2 ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku dh vo/kkj.kk
O;k[;ku f¶yi pkVZ f¶yi cqd] ekfld /keZ pØ] ,çu] dkxt dh fpVsa] ekdZj isu] pkVZ isij vkSj MªkWi ckWDl
45 feuV
3 ekfld /keZ ds tho&foKku laca/kh igyw
fQYe vkSj ppkZ
f¶yi cqd] ekfld /keZ pØ] ,çu] dkxt dh fpVsa] ekdZj isu] pkVZ isij vkSj MªkWi ckWDl
30 feuV
4 ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ?kVd% LoPNrk( vkSj lSusVjh uSifdu¨a d¨ cukuk] laHkkyuk] bLrseky djuk] ns[kHkky djuk vkSj fuiVkuA
O;k[;ku vkSj n'; midj.k
CySd c¨MZ f¶yi pkVZ] f¶yi cqd] ekfld /keZ pØ] ,çu] dkxt dh fpVsa] ekdZj isu] pkVZ isij vkSj MªkWi ckWDl
45 feuV
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 1
7MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
igyk l=% pqIih d¨ r¨M+uk t+:jh lkexzh%
Ä f¶yi pkVZ ;k CySd c¨MZ
Ä LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa dsl LVMht+ dh çfr;k¡
Ä ekdZj isuA
izfrHkkfx;¨a dk Lokxr djus vkSj ,slh laosnu'khy dk;Z'kkyk esa Hkkx ysus dh mudh lgefr
ds fy, mudk /kU;okn djus ds ckn] çf'k{kd çeq[k loky¨a ds ,d lsV dk mi;¨x djds
ekgokjh ij ,d ppkZ vkjaHk djrk gSA gkykafd ;s loky fo"k; ls vlacaf/kr çrhr g¨rs gS ij
;s loky ekfld /keZ ds ckjs esa ckrphr esa n'kZd¨a d¨ 'kkfey djus ds mÌs'; ls cuk, x;s gSaA
cgq/kk iwNs tkus okys dqN ç'u
iz'u% d©u&lh vk;q esa ,d yM+dh d¨ ekfld /keZ 'kq: g¨ tkrk gS\
mÙkj% dqN yM+fd;ksa d¨ ekfld /keZ vkuk 9 ;k 10 o"kZ dh vk;q ls gh 'kq: g¨ tkrk gS vkSj
g¨ ldrk gS fd dqN d¨ viuh igyh ekgokjh dqN lky ckn rd ugha vkrh g¨A
iz'u% ,d yM+dh dh ekgokjh fdrus fnu¨a rd pyuh pkfg,\
mÙkj% ,d ekfld /keZ dh vof/k gj yM+dh esa vyx&vyx g¨rh gS ysfdu vker©j ij ;g
3 ls 7 fnu yEch g¨rh gSA g¨ ldrk gS fd ,d yM+dh d¨ rhu fnu dh ekgokjh vkrh
g¨ tcfd fdlh nwljh yM+dh dh ekgokjh Ng fnu¨a rd pysA dqN ekey¨a esa] ekgokjh
dh vof/k gj eghus vyx&vyx g¨ ldrh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy,] g¨ ldrk gS fd
igys eghus] ,d yM+dh dh ekgokjh pkj fnu¨a rd pysa vkSj fQj vxys eghus ;g Ng
fnu¨a rd py ldrh gSA
iz'u% ekgokjh ds n©jku fdl çdkj ds [kk| inkFkZ [kkus ls ijgst djuk pkfg,\
mÙkj% dCt ls cpus ds fy, fu;fer Hkkstu tSls fd lfCt;k¡] jksVh] pkoy] nkysa] [kwc lkjk
js'kk [kk,¡ vkSj [kwc ikuh ih,sa] D;ksafd dCt ls ekfld /keZ ds ,saBu ls gksus okys nnZ esa
o`f) gks ldrh gSA uedhu [kk| inkFkksZ a esa deh ykdj 'kjhj eas ikuh ds vojks/ku dks
jksdk tk ldrk gSA
iz'u% ekfld /keZ ds n©jku 'kjhj esa dSlk eglwl g¨rk gS\
mÙkj% dHkh&dHkh ,d yM+dh ekgokjh ds le; ds vklikl 'kkjhfjd ;k HkkoukRed ifjorZuksa
dk vuqHko dj ldrh gS] tcfd gks ldrk gS fd nwljksa dks ewM ;k 'kjhj esa dksbZ
cnyko eglwl u gksA 'kkjhfjd cnykoksa esa 'kkfey gS% ,saBu] nnZ] lwtu] otu c<+uk]
Hkkstu dh yyd] nnZukd Lru] flj nnZ] pDdj vkuk ;k fpM+fpM+kiuA HkkoukRed
cnykoksa esa 'kkfey gSa% fpM+fpM+kiu] vkØkedrk] Øks/k] fpark ;k vkrad] Hkze] ,dkxzrk
dh deh] ?kcjkgV] ruko] Fkdku ;k volknA
lh[kus dh bdkà 1% vko';drk] vo/kkj.kk vkSj ,e,p,e ds ?kVd
8 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
lh[kus dh bdkà 1% vko';drk] vo/kkj.kk vkSj ,e,p,e ds ?kVd
iz'u% D;k ekgokjh ds nkSjku yM+fd;k¡ vLoPN vkSj vifo= gksrh gSa\
mÙkj% ekfld /keZ ls lacaf/kr [kwu esa dksbZ vifo=rk ugha gksrh gSA lQkbZ vkSj LoPNrk
ekfld /keZ izokg ls iSnk gksus okyh fdlh Hkh xa/k ;k laØe.k dks nwj djus ds fy,
egRoiw.kZ gSA
iz'u% D;k yM+fd;ksa dks dsoy lSusVjh uSifdu dk bLrseky djuk pkfg,\
mÙkj% ugha] lkQ vkSj lw[kk lwrh diM+k Hkh ekfld /keZ ls fudkyus okys [kwu ds vo'kks"k.k ds
fy, ,d iSM ds :Ik esa bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA
iz'u% ekfld /keZ ds dkj.k gksus okyh ,saBu ls jkgr ds fy, D;k fd;k tk ldrk gS\
mÙkj% ,saBu dh fLFkfr ds vk/kkj ij isV ij ;k ihB ij ,d xeZ ikuh dh cksry j[ksaA xquxqus
ikuh ls Luku djsaaA dksbZ xeZ is; inkFkZ ih,sa ¼tSls fd pk;½] lSj djsa] isV dh ekfy'k
;k elkt djsaA viuh dksgfu;ksa vkSj ?kqVuksa ij cSBsa rkfd vkidk xHkkZ'; uhps yVds]
blls mls vkjke feyrk gSA ?kqVuksa dks Åij mBkdj viuh dej ds cy ysV tk,¡ vkSj
mUgsa NksVs xksykdkj esa ?kqek,¡A
l= 2% ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ dh vo/kkj.kk
vxj izfrHkkfx;ksa esa iq:"k vkSj efgyk,¡ nksuksa 'kkfey gSa rks mUgsa fyax ds vuqLkkj fof'k"V lewgksa
esa foHkkftr djus dh lykg nh tkrh gSA eq[; lokyksa ds dqN mnkgj.k gSa%
• iq:"kksa vkSj efgykvksa ds 'kjhjksa esas eq[; fofHkUurk,¡ D;k gSa\
• tc yM+ds vkSj yM+fd;k¡ cM+s gksrs gSa rks muds 'kjhj esa dkSu ls cnyko vkrs gSa\
• ¼iq:"k izfrHkkfx;ksa ls iwNk tk,½ D;k vkius ns[kk gS fd vkids ?kj dh yM+dh ;k efgyk dks
fdlh dqN fof'k"V fnu ¼uksa½ ij ckdh ds ?kj ls ;k lkekU; nSfud dkeksa ls vyx dj fn;k
tkrk gS\
• ¼efgyk izfrHkkfx;ksa ls iwNk tk,½ D;k vkidks fdlh@dqN fof'k"V fnu ¼uksa½ ij ckdh ds ?kj
ls ;k jkst+ejkZ dh xfrfof/k;ksa ls vyx fd;k tkrk gS\
• vkids vuqlkj bl vyx djus] otZu¨a@izfrca/kkas vkSj izFkkvksa ds D;k dkj.k gSa\
9MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
lh[kus dh bdkà 1% vko';drk] vo/kkj.kk vkSj ,e,p,e ds ?kVd
vfrfjDr tkudkjh
lHkh mi;qDr tokc¨a d¨ vkxs ppkZ esa bLrseky ds fy, f¶yi pkVZ ij ;k CySd c¨MZ ij fy[k
ysaA ,d ckj izfrHkkfx;ksa ds rS;kj vkSj lgt gks tkus ij mUgsa laosnu'khy cukus ds fy, vki
dsl LVMh ds lkFk rS;kj jgsaA izfrHkkfx;ksa dks dgas fd os viuh dgkfu;k¡ lcds lkFk ck¡VsaA
eq[; lans'k%
• ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh cM+s gksus dk ,d
fgLlk gSA
• izR;sd efgyk ds fy, ekfld /keZ vkuk
lkekU; ckr gS ftlesa fHkUu :Ik ls
l{ke efgyk;sa Hkh 'kkfey gSaA
• ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh dksbZ efgykvksa
ls tqM+k elyk ugha gS cfYd ;g ,d
loZO;kih ¼lcls tqM+k½ elyk gSA
vknfe;ksa dks Hkh bl ckjs esa tkuus dh
t:jr gSA
• ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh ls tqM+s dbZ feFkd
vkSj xyrQgfe;k¡ gSaA
10 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
rhljk l=% ekfld /keZ dk thofoKku
lkewfgd xfrfof/k
izfrHkkfx;ksa ds tokckas dks ,d MªkWi ckWDl esa Mkyus dh O;oLFkk djus ds ckn mUgsa pkj lewgksa
eas ck¡V nsaA izR;sd izfrHkkxh dks ,d dkxt dh fpV4 vkSj isu nas vkSj lewg esa izR;sd dks
lokyksa ds fuEufyf[kr pkj lsVksa esas a ls ,d nsa %
lewg 1- efgykvksas dks ekfld /keZ ;k ekgokjh D;ksa gksrh gS\
lewg 2% efgyk,¡ ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh dk izca/ku djus ds fy, D;k bLrseky djrh gSa\ vkSj ekfld
/keZ@ekgokjh ds izca/ku ds fy, fofHkUu izdkj dh dkSu&lh lkexzh dk bLrseky fd;k tkrk gS\
lewg 3% ,d yM+dh dks dkSu&lh vk;q esa ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh 'kq: gks tkrh gS% ,d efgyk dks
,d eghus esa fdruh ckj ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh gksrh gS\ iwjs o"kZ esa mls fdruh ckj ekfld
/keZ@ekgokjh gksrh gS\ vkSj vius iwjs thou dky esa mls fdruh ckj ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh gksxh\
lewg 4% ekfld /keZ vkSj ekr`Ro ds chp D;k laca/k gksrk gS\
tokc¨a dk ladyu
tc vki ,d ckj MªkWi ckDl esa ls tokc bdV~Bs dj ysrs gSa] rc vki mUgsa lacaf/kr lewgksa ds
vuqlkj Nk¡V ysaA bl tkudkjh dks lcds lkFk ck¡Vus ds fy, tokcksa dks vyx&vyx pkVksZa
ij iznf'kZr djsaA
rF;ksa dks lk>k djuk
lkewfgd xfrfof/k ds ckn] ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh laca/kh rF;ksa dks lcds lkFk ck¡Vsa vkSj
izfrHkkfx;ksa }kjk mBk;s x, ijLij fojks/kh tokcksa ;k lq>koksa dks Li"V djsaA
blds ckn dkon f¶yi iqfLrdk ¼cqd½ dk iz;ksx djrs gq, vkneh
vkSj vkSjr ds 'kjhj esa gksus okys tho foKku lacaf/k vkSj 'kkjhfjd
cnykoksa dk o.kZu djsa] tks ppkZ dks efgykvksa vkSj iq:"kksa s essa gksus
okys ckgjh cnyko ls vkarfjd cnyko rd ys tkus esa lgk;d
gksxkA
var esa] ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh vkSj iztuu izfØ;k ds ckjs esa
lh[kus esa lgk;rk djus ds fy, lfp= ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh pØ
dk mi;ksx djsa ¼uhps fn;s x;s fp= 1 dks ns[ksa½A
lh[kus dh bdkà 1% vko';drk] vo/kkj.kk vkSj ,e,p,e ds ?kVd
4 tokc¨a ds vklkuh ls ladyu ds fy,] vyx&vyx lewg dh igpku ds fy, vyx&vyx jax
dh fpV dk mi;¨x djus dh d¨f'k'k djsaA
11MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
p©Fkk l=% ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ?kVd
lh[kus dh bdkà 1% vko';drk] vo/kkj.kk vkSj ,e,p,e ds ?kVd
Lkkexzh dh fdLesa ykHk gkfu
lwrh diM+s ls cus iSM
¼eyey½
1- vklkuh ls miyC/k
2- de dher@dksbZ dher
ugha
3- /kksus yk;d@nqckjk
bLrseky ;ksX;
4- fcuk tkaf?k;s ds igus
tkus ;ksX;
1- tYnh Hkhx tkrs gSa
2- cnyus esa dfBukbZ
3- ckj&ckj iz;ksx esa ykus ls tka?kkas
ds chp jxM+ iSnk djrk gS
4- xyr rjhds ls /kqykbZ] lq[kkuk
vkSj HkaMkj.k] laØe.k dk dkj.k
curk gS
5- Hkkj iM+us ij ;k mlds rM+dus
ij iSM ds fxjus dk [krjk
jk[k ls Hkjk] jsr vkSj
lw[ks iÙks okys diM+s dk
cuk iSM
1- vklkuh ls miyC/k
2- de dher@dksbZ dher
ugha
3- /kksus yk;d@nqckjk iz;ksx
djus ;ksX;
4- lks[kus dh vf/kd {kerk
1- laØe.k dk vf/kd [krjk
2- viuk Hkkj iM+us ij mlds rM+dus
;k iSM ds fxjus dk [krjk
3- tc jsr ls Hkjk gks rks Hkkjh vkSj
bLrseky ls vlqfo/kk
lSusVjh uSifdu
1-ikWyhej
2-ydM+h dk xwnk
3-:bZ
4-tSy
funsZ'k% izf'k{kd izfrHkkfx;ksa dks iSdsV ds doj ls lSusVjh uSifdu dh fdLe ds ckjs esa tkudkjh ns ldrk gS
1- lqjf{kr vkSj LoPN
2- lks[kus dh vR;f/kd
{kerkA
3- lqfo/kktud
4- cnyus esa vklku
5- lkFk ys tkus esa vklku
6- vklkuh ls miyC/k ¼dqN
nwj njkt ds xzkeh.k {ks=ksa
dks NksM+dj½
7- otu esa gYdk
1- egaxk
2- izkd`frd rjhds ls lM+us okyk
ugha] ftlls fuiVku eqf'dy
gks tkrk gS
3- ,d dh uSifdu dk yEcs le;
rd mi;ksx laØe.k vkSj
chekfj;ksa dk dkj.k curk gS
4- nqckjk iz;ksx djus ;ksX; ugha
5- ;fn uSifduksa dks 'kkSpky;ksa@
ukfy;ksa esa Qsadk tk, rks ;g
mUgsa tke dj ldrk gS
6- i;kZoj.k laca/kh iznw"k.k dk
dkj.k cu ldrk gS
12 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp laca/kkmÌs';%
lh[kus dh bdkà & 2 dh lekfIr ij izfrHkkxh ekfld /keZ dh LoPNrk vkSj mlds LokLF; ij
iM+us okys çHkko dh vgfe;r dk o.kZu djus esa l{ke g¨axsA
lh[kus dk dk;ZØe%
Øe
la[;k
fo"k;&lwph rjhdk Ekk/;e fu"iknu esa lgk;d midj.k
le; çf'k{kd
1 ekfld /keZ ds ckjs esa feFkd¨a d¨ gVkukA
O;k[;ku vkSj ppkZ
CySd c¨MZ Blackboard
20 feuV
eq[; çf'k{kd & lkeqnkf;d LokLF; fo'ks"kK
2 çtuu laca/kh LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds igywA
O;k[;ku CySd c¨MZ 35 feuV
3 LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ds u gksus dk izHkkoA
O;k[;ku CySd c¨MZ 35 feuV
ifjp;
çR;sd efgyk tSls&tSls cM+h g¨xh vkSj fodflr g¨xh vius 'kjhj esa cnyko eglwl djsxhA
vf/kdrj fd'k¨fj;ksas a esa vkus okys cgqr ls ewyHkwr cnyko¨a esa ls ,d ekfld /keZ gS] t¨ fd
efgyk çtuu pØ dk ,d çkd`frd fgLlk gSA ysfdu ekfld /keZ vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ls
lacaf/kr ely¨a d¨ leqnk; ds lnL;¨a vkSj vfHkHkkod¨a }kjk vDlj utjvankt dj fn;k tkrk
gS ;k ml ij ppkZ ugha dh tkrh gSA blfy, ,d çHkko'kkyh n`f"Vd¨.k dh t:jr gS t¨
lkekftd&lkaLd`frd dkjd¨a d¨ fopkj esa ysa vkSj ckrphr d¨ c<+kok nsA
fuEufyf[kr l= izfrHkkfx;ksaa d¨ mu vo/kkj.kkvksa esa leFkZ cuk,xsa t¨ ekfld /keZ LoPNrk
çFkkvksa dh igpku vkSj mudk ewY;kadu djus dh mudh {kerk d¨ csgrj cuk,axhA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 2
13MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
l= 1% ekfld /keZ ds ckjs esa feFkd¨a d¨ nwj djuk ekfld /keZ gS%
• ,d ladsr fd ,d yM+dh ifjiDork dh vksj c<+ jgh gSA
• ,d efgyk dh ;¨fu ds ek/;e ls xHkkZ'k; dh Hkhrjh lrg ls Ård vkSj jDr dk cgukA
• bl ^ekfld /keZ* dks ekgokjh] ihfj;M] vkSj ekfld jDrlzko Hkh dgk tkrk gS] ekfld /keZ
tSfod ifjiDork dk ,d lkekU; vkSj çkd`frd fgLlk gSA
• tc fu"kspu ugha g¨rk gS rc ;g [kwu vkSj Ård xHkkZ'; ls fudyrs gSaA
• ,d LoLFk xHkkZ”; dh ekfld vkRe&LoPNrkA
• yM+fd;ksa ds fy, ,d egRoiw.kZ fodkl laca/kh ehy dk iRFkj] fcydqy oSls gh tSls yM+d¨a
ds fy, xhys lius g¨rs gSaA
Ekkfld /keZ ds ckjs esa rF;%
• ekfld /keZ ds igys pØ d¨ ^jt¨n'kZu* dgk tkrk gSA
• ekfld /keZ ekgokjh ds igys dqN lky cgqr fu;fer ugha g¨rs gSaA
• dqN yM+fd;¨a esa igyh ekgokjh u© lky dh mez ls gh 'kq: g¨ tkrh gSA
• dqN efgykvksa d¨ çR;sd 28 fnu¨a ij ekgokjh g¨rh gS] tcfd vU;¨a ds pØ cM+s ¼36 fnu½
;k pØ N¨Vs ¼21 fnu½ ds g¨rs gSaA
• vDlj ekgokjh n¨ ls lkr fnu¨a rd pyrh gS] ftlesa ekfld /keZ ds cgko dk vkSlr le;
ikap fnu g¨rk gSA
Ekkfld /keZ ugha gS%
chekj iM+uk] chekjh] laØe.k] uqd+lkunsg] xank] 'keZukd] vLoPN ;k vU;Fkk udkjkRedA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 2% LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp laca/k
14 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
ekfld /keZ pØ
ekfld /keZ vkSj çtuu çfØ;k ds ckjs esa lh[kus ds
fy, lfp= ekfld /keZ pØ dk mi;¨x djsaA
¼;gk¡ fp= 1 d¨ ns[ksa½A
ekfld /keZ dh 'kq#vkr ls igys ;k ij g¨us okys lkekU; y{k.k%
• 'kjhj dh lkekU; det¨jh( 'kjhj Hkkjh eglwl g¨rk gSA
• pDdj vkuk] mYVh] ,saBu@isV ds fupys fgLls esa nnZA
• fljnnZ] c<+s gq, vkSj nnZukd Lru] cq[kkj A
• ihB esa nnZ] fpM+fpM+kiu] volkn] Fkdku] eq¡gkls] vkfnA
Ekkfld /keZ LoPNrk t+:jh gS D;¨afd ;g%
• laØe.k ls cpkrh gSA
• 'kjhj dh nqxZa/k d¨ j¨drh gSA
• efgykvksa d¨ LoLF; cus jgus esa l{ke cukrh gSA
• efgykvksa d¨ vkjkenk;d] vkRe&fo'oklh eglwl djus vkSj lkjk fnu rktk eglwl djus
esa l{ke cukrh gSA
[kjkc ekfld /keZ LoPNrk d¨ de djus ds rjhds
• efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds fy, LoPNrk ds ckjs esa f'k{kk vkSj çpkjA
• u©toku yM+fd;ksa dh f'k{kk ¼çkFkfed vkSj mlds ckn½A
• ;©fu eq[k vkSj gkFk¨a d¨ lkcqu vkSj ikuh ls vPNh rjg /k¨ukA
5 e‚M~;wy ,d ls fy;k% ekfld /keZ LoPNrk & cqfu;knh ckrsaA ekfld /keZ LoPNrk dk Hkkx ek;us j[krk gS( nqfu;k Hkj esa] ekfld /keZ
LoPNrk esa lq/kkj ds fy, ,d lalk/ku] lkjk g‚ml }kjk fyf[kr] Thérèse Mahon and Sue Cavill (2012)
www.wateraid.org/~/media/Files/ Global/MHM%20files/Module1_HR.ashx
6 gkspo‚YV] ¼2012½ O;fDrxr lapkj-
7 eSdh Mh] cSD;wbjks ,e] ,uMjlu ,e vkSj djkt , ¼2009½ ;¨fu LoPNrk vkSj lkQ+ djuk% ykfruh iq#"k] laLd`frA
8 dsufMMk dh vfro`f) ls Nkys iMrs gaSA dsufMMk izk;% isM+ i©s/kksa] eqag vkSj ;¨fu esa lkekU; :i ls e©twn gksrk gSA blfy, 'k©pky;
tkus ds ckn gkFk ughas /k¨us ls] lSfuVjh uSifdu cnyrs ;k VSi‚u] ,d vkSj vfrlaosnu'khy O;fDr ¼tSls fd ,d cPps ds :i esa½ dh
;¨fu] ew=ekxZ ;k eq¡g esa laØe.k QSyk ldrk gSA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 2% LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp laca/k
15MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
l= 2% çtuu laca/kh LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds igyw
ekfld /keZ ds n©jku efgykvksa vkSj fd'k¨fj;ksaa ds LoPNrk laca/kh O;ogkj cgqr vf/kd egRoiw.kZ
gSa] D;¨afd ;s çtuu ekxZ ds laØe.k¨a ¼vkjVhvkbZ½ ds t¨f[ke d¨ c<+k ldrs gSaA fodkl'khy
ns'k¨a esa çtuu ekxZ ds laØe.k¨a ds mPp çlkj ds fy, eq[; dkj.k¨a esa ls ,d dkj.k [kjkc
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk gS vkSj ;g efgykvksa dh vLoLFrk esa dkQh gn rd ;¨xnku nsrk gSA
;©u çtuu chekfj;¨a esa ls dqN ij fo"k; dsfUnzr lkewfgd ppkZ d¨ 'kq: djus ds fy, ¼ftUgsa
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ls t¨M+k tk ldrk gS½ laHkkfor {ks=¨a ds :i esa uhps 5 rkfydk esa
lwphc) mnkgj.k nsa%
O;ogkj LokLF; tksf[ke
xans lSfuVjh iSM@lkefxz;k¡ cSfDVfj;k ls LFkkuh; laØe.k gks ldrk gS ;k og ;ksfu rd igq¡pdj xHkZuky esa izos'k dj ldrk gSA
iSM dks cnyuk xhys iSM esa tyu gks ldrh gS vkSj Ropk QVh gksus ij ;g laØe.k dk dkj.k gks ldrk gSA
;ksfu esa xanh lkexzh dk ?kqlkuk cSfDVfj;k dh xHkkZ'k; xzhok vkSj xHkkZ'k; uky@xqgk rd igq¡pus dh laHkkouk gksrh gSA
de jDrlzko ds le; cgqr vf/kd
vo'kks"k.k okys VSEikWu dk iz;ksx djukA
VkWfDld 'kkWd flUMªkseA
tc ekfldlzko u gks rc VSEikWu dk
iz;ksx djuk( mnkgj.kkFkZ ;ksfulzko ds
vo'kks"k.k gsrwA
;g ;ksfuekxZ esa tyu vkSj ;ksfu ds vlkekU; lzko ds fy, fpfdRlh; ijke'kZ ysus esa Hkh nsjh dk dkj.k cu ldrk gS6A
'kkSp ;k ew=R;kx ds ckn ihNs ls
lkeus dh rjQ ikasaNukA
'kkSp ds }kjk cSfDVfj;k ds ;ksfu( ;k ew= ekxZ rd igq¡pus dh laHkkouk c<+ tkrh gSA
vlqjf{kr ;kSu laca/k blls ;kSu lapkfjr laØe.kksa ;k ekfld /keZ ds nkSjku ,pvkbZoh ;k gSfiVkbZfVl ch dk laHkkfor tksf[ke c<+ tkrk gSA
iz;ksx esa yk, gq, lSfuVjh lkexzh
;k [kwu dk vlqjf{kr fuiVkuA
nwljksas dks laØfer djus dk (fo'ks"k:Ik ls gSfiVkbZfVl ch }kjk tksf[ke ¼tc rd [kwu ls lh/kk lEidZ u gks rc rd ,pvkbZoh vkSj vU; gSfiVkbZfVl cgqr cM+k tksf[ke ugha lkfcr gksrs gS D;ksafd os 'kjhj ds ckgj cgqr ftank ugha jgrs gSa½A
ckj&ckj ;ksfu esa cyiwoZ@ncko ls
ikuh MkyukA
blls xHkkZ'; uky esa cSfDVfj;k igq¡p ldrk gS 7A
lSfuVjh diM+s dks cnyus ds ckn
gkFk ugha /kksukA
blls gSisVkbfVl ch ;k ;ksfu laØe.k gks ldrk gS8A
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 2% LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp laca/k
16 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
VkWfDld 'kkWd flaMª¨e
VkWfDld 'kkWd flaMª¨e ¼Vh,l,l&TSS½ dà gkykr¨a esa iSnk g¨ ldrk gS] ftuesa çlo¨Rrj
laØfer Ropk vkSj 'kY; gLr{ksi¨a ls ;k ekgokjh LoPNrk O;ogkj¨a ds ,d ifj.kke ds :i esa
¼fo'ks"k :i ls VSEikWu dk mi;¨x½ 'kkfey gSA ekfld /keZ laca/kh VkWfDld 'kkWd flaMª¨e ,d
Q¨ekbV ¼laØked tho¨a d¨ ys tkus esa l{ke ,d oLrq ;k inkFkZ½ Mkyus ds dkj.k gksrk gSA
tcfd ;g dHkh&dHkh gksrk gS] ysfdu ;g xaHkhj gS vkSj dà ckj tkuysok Hkh gks ldrk gSA
;g Lrk¶¸y¨d¨dl vksfj;Lk ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gS t¨ ,d thok.kq dh uLy }kjk fufeZr
fo"k ds dkj.k g¨rk gSA vker©j ij ;g rhu O;fDr;¨a esa ls ,d esa Ropk ij vkSj ukd] cxy]
dej ;k ;©fu esa fcuk d¨Ã uqdlku igqapk, jgrk gSA dqN fojys ekey¨a esa] ;s cSDVhfj;k mu
y¨x¨a esa fo"k dk dkj.k curs gSa ftuesa çfrj{kd ugha g¨rs] vkSj blh dk ifj.kke VkWfDld 'kkWd
flaMª¨e gSA lqj{kkRed ,aVhckWMh dk vf/kXkzg.k mez ls tqM+k g¨us ds dkj.k VkWfDld 'kkWd flaMª¨e
dk [krjk u©toku O;fDr;¨a esa cqtqZx¨a ls vf/kd g¨rk gSA laØe.k [kkl r©j ij mPp vo'k¨"k.k
djus okys VSEikWu ls t¨Ms+ x;s gSaA
VkWfDld 'kkWd flaMª¨e ds ladsr vkSj y{k.k ¶yw ds y{k.k¨a tSls gh g¨rs gSaA ;g vDlj dqN gh
?kaV¨a esa] vU; y{k.k¨a esa rsth ls fodflr g¨us ls igys] vke r©j ij vpkud g¨us okys@dkQh
rst cq[kkj ¼38°C/100-4°F½ ls 'kq: g¨rk gSA buesa fuEu 'kkfey g¨ ldrs gSa%
• yky pdRrs & ,d QSyk gqvk /kCcsnkj ,sfjk;Fkz MZek ¼nku a vkSj cnjax Ropk dk yky QSyko½A
• Ropk fo'kYdu&/kwi ls tyus ds lkeku yky pdRrs vkSj peM+h dk fNyuk] [kkl r©j ij
gFksfy;¨a vkSj ryo¨a ij] chekjh dh 'kq#vkr ds ,d ls n¨ lIrkg ds cknA
• gkbi¨Vsa'ku & pDdj vkuk vkSj csg¨'k g¨ukA
• ekalisf'k;¨a dk nnZA
• HkVdko@psruk esa ifjorZu] vkSj Hkze dh fLFkfr dk g¨ukA
• xSLVª¨ vka= y{k.k ¼mYVh vkSj nLr g¨uk½A
;¨fu ls lzko
;¨fu lzko iryk vkSj lkQ] e¨Vk vkSj fpifpik] ;k yEck vkSj js'ksnkj g¨ ldrk gSA og lzko
t¨ diM+¨a ij lw[kdj /kqa/kyk lQsn vkSj@;k ihyk utj vkrk gS] og lkekU; gSA lzko vker©j
ij ekfld /keZ pØ ds n©jku vyx&vyx le; ij dà vU; dkj.k¨a ls cnyrk jgrk gS]
ftlesa HkkoukRed ;k ;©u mRrstuk] xHkkZoLFkk vkSj e©f[kd xHkZ fuj¨/kd x¨fy;¨a dk bLrseky
'kkfey gSA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 2% LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp laca/k
17MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
fuEufyf[kr vlkekU; lzko dk ladsr g¨ ldrs gSa vkSj ,d LokLF; leL;k dh vksj b'kkjk
dj ldrs gSa%
• [kqtyh] yky pdRrs ;k ihM+k ds lkFk lzkoA
• yxkrkj c<+us okyk lzkoA
• lQsn] <sys okyk lzko ¼ngh tSlk½A
• ,d [kjkc xa/kokyk lysVh@lQsn ;k ihyk@gjk lzkoA
çtuu ekxZ ls lacaf/kr laØe.k
yM+fd;k¡ vkSj efgykvksa dks ekfld /keZ ds n©jku laØe.k dk vf/kd t¨f[ke g¨ ldrk gSA
çtuu ekxZ ls tqM+s lkekU; laØe.k¨a esa ls dqN gSa%
• cSDVhfj;k ds dkj.k g¨us okyh ;¨fu dh chekjh
• dSuMhMk oa'k dh QaQwnh ds dkj.k g¨us okyk ;¨fu laØe.k
• DykehfM;k
• fVªdkse¨ul oSftuSfyl
• x¨u¨fj;k
• flQyl
• gSisVkbfVl ch
• ,pvkÃoh
• ew= ekxZ dk laØe.k ¼;wVhvkbZ&UTI½
• isM+w esa tyu dh chekjh ¼ihvkbZMh&PID½
• ;¨fu'k¨Fk
;|fi ekfld /keZ ,d efgyk ;k yM+dh d¨ laØe.k ds çfr vfrlaosnu'khy cukrk gS fdarq
;©u lapkfjr laØe.k ¼STIs½ dsoy vlqjf{kr laHk¨x ls gksrs gSA çtuu ekxZ laca/kh laØe.k
¼RTI½ esa ;©u vkSj xSj&;©u lapkfjr laØe.k] n¨u¨a 'kkfey gSaA dqN çtuu ekxZ ds laØe.k
vU; çtuu laca/kh LokLF; leL;kvksa d¨ Hkh c<+k ldrs gSaA og cSDVhfj;k t¨ cSDVhfj;y
ostu¨fll ¼BV½ dk dkj.k curk gS vkSj ,pvkbZoh ¼HIV½ ds çfr c<+s gq, t¨f[ke dk laEHkkfor
dkj.k gks ldrk gS] ysfdu ,slk çekf.kr ugha gqvk gSA cSDVhfj;y ostu¨fll d¨ le; ls
igys çlo] çlo i'pkr laØe.k] vkSj xHkZikr ;k lht+sfj;u lsD'ku ds ckn 'kY;fØ;k ds ckn
dh tfVyrkvksa dk dkj.k ekuk tkrk gSA
[kjkc ekfld /keZ LoPNrk] cSDVhfj;y ostu¨fll tSls laØe.k¨a d¨ c<+kok ns ldrh gS] ysfdu
;g Kkr ugha gS fd ;fn [kjkc ekgokjh LoPNrk O;ogkj c<+rs gSa r¨ lHkh çtuu ekxZ laca/kh
laØe.k g¨us dk [krjk ;k fofHké vkcknh lewg¨a esa çtuu ekxZ laca/kh laØe.k g¨us dk [krjk
c<+ tkrk gSA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 2% LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp laca/k
18 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
tcfd ekfld /keZ ds n©jku;¨fu ekxZ uhps ds esa DykehfM;k ;k x¨u¨fj;k ds c<+s gq, [krjs
ds d¨Ã çek.k e©twn ugha gksrs gSa ysfdu ;fn bl le; vlqjf{kr laHk¨x fd;k tk, r¨ Xkzhok
E;wdl dh c<+h gqà igqap vkSj xHkkZ'k; esa ekfld /keZ jDr dh igqap ds dkj.k laØe.k g¨us
dk [krjk c<+ tkrk gS t¨ vkxs pydj isM+w esa tyu dh chekjh ¼ihvkbZMh½ dh tfVyrk vkSj
Åijh ;¨fu ekxZ ds laØe.k dk dkj.k cu ldrs gSaA
ekfld /keZ ds n©jku ;©u&laca/k Hkh ;¨fu ekxZ ds laØe.k ds c<+us ds ,d laEHkkfor dkj.k ls
ysdj isM+w esa tyu dh chekjh ¼ihvkbZMh½ dk dkj.k cu ldrk gSA
ew= ekxZ dk laØe.k] thok.kq laØe.k gSa t¨ ew= ekxZ ds fdlh Hkh fgLls d¨ çHkkfor dj ldrs
gSa vkSj çtuu iFk ds laØe.k ds lwpd g¨ ldrs gSaA gkykafd] [kjkc ekgokjh LoPNrk O;ogkj¨a
ls ew= ekxZ laØe.k ds g¨us ds t¨f[ke ij dkQh lhfer vuqla/kku e©twn gSA
Ekkfld /keZ ds fy, bLrseky fd;s tkus okys lSusVjh mRikn¨a vkSj lkexzh ls g¨us okys LokLF; t¨f[ke
cM+h cgq&jk"Vªh; dEifu;¨a }kjk fufeZr lSusVjh lkexzh dh vker©j ij ;g lqfu'fpr djus ds
fy, dM+kà ls tkap dh tkrh gS fd os vfrlaosnu'khy çfrfØ;kvksa dk dkj.k u cusaA gkykafd]
fof'k"V laosnu'khy Ropk okyh yM+fd;k¡ vkSj efgyk,¡ ekfld /keZ LoPNrk mRikn¨a ls ¼fo'ks"k
r©j ij Ropk ij ueh ds lkFk yacs le; rd lEidZ ;k jxM+ ds ifj.kkeLo:i½ çfrfØ;k g¨us
dk vuqHko dj ldrh gSaA
dqN efgykvksa d¨ okf.kfT;d mRikn¨a esa xa/kd¨a dks nwj djus vkSj@;k vo'k¨"kdrk d¨ c<+kus
ds fy, Mkys x;s ;¨td¨a ls ,ythZ tSlh çfrfØ;k g¨ ldrh gSA cM+s iSekus ds fuekZrk vius
mRikn¨a esa vo'k¨"kdrk d¨ vkSj Lohdk;Zrk d¨ c<+kus ds fy, yxkrkj fodkl dj jgs gSa ysfdu
,sls mRikn¨a dh dher cgqr&lh efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;¨a dh igqap ds ckgj g¨ ldrh gSA
LFkkuh; :i ls cuk;s x;s mRikn vDlj lLrs g¨ ldrs gSa vkSj vf/kdka'k efgykvksa }kjk
Lohdk;Z g¨ ldrs gSaA gkykafd ;g çR;sd mRiknd ds fgr esa gS fd muds mRikn Lohdk;Z
g¨a vkSj lQkà okyh txg¨a ij iSd fd;s vkSj csps tkrs g¨aA
VkWfDld 'kkWd flaMª¨e VSEikWu ds bLrseky ls lacaf/kr gS ¼[kkl r©j ij mPp vo'k¨"kdrk okys
VSEikWu t¨ 1980 ds n'kd esa miyC/k Fks½A ,d VSEikWu d¨ fu;fer r©j ij u cnyuk VkWfDld
'kkWd flaMª¨e ds fy, ,d t¨f[ke dk ,d dkjd ugha ekuk tkrk ¼gkykafd ,slk g¨uk dà ckj
/;ku esa vk;k gS½( ysfdu fu;fer :i ls ,d VSEikWu d¨ cnyuk ,d vPNh çFkk dh rjg
vuq'kaflr fd;k tkrk gSA VkWfDld 'kkWd flaMª¨e t¨f[ke d¨ ,d de vo'k¨"kdrk okys VSEikWu
dk bLrseky djds de fd;k tk ldrk gS t¨ ekfld /keZ ds cgko ds çca/ku ds fy, t+:jh
gS vkSj ekgokjh ds n©jku le;≤ ij VSEikWu ds ctk; ,d lSusVjh uSifdu dk ç;¨x
djds bl ij j¨d yxkà tk ldrh gSA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 2% LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp laca/k
19MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
l= 3% leqnk; a dk LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk çca/ku
tSlk fd Åij çdkf'kr fd;k x;k gS] ekfld /keZ ,d çkd`frd çfØ;k gSA gkykafd] ;fn
bldk lgh rjhds ls çca/ku u fd;k tk, r¨ blds ifj.kkeLo:i LokLF; leL;k,¡ g¨ ldrh
gSaA fji¨ZV¨a us [kjkc ekfld /keZ LoPNrk vkSj ew= ekxZ dk laØe.k] çtuu ekxZ ds laØe.k
vkSj vU; chekfj;¨a ds chp dh dfM+;¨a ds ckjs esa ladsr fn;k gSA ysfdu vkxs vuqla/kku vkSj
etcwr oSKkfud çek.k dh bl {ks= esa t:jr gSA [kjkc ekfld /keZ LoPNrk dk yM+fd;ksa vkSj
efgykvksa ds eu¨lkekftd dY;k.k ij çHkko ¼tSls fd ekfld /keZ ds n©jku ruko ds Lrj]
Mj] 'kfeZUnxh vkSj lkekftd otZu½ ij Hkh fopkj fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
midj.k%
fo"k; dsfUnzr ppkZ] xgu fPkaru] çn'kZuA
vof/k%
45 feuV
vko';d lkexzh%
Ä ued
Ä lkcqu
Ä ikuh
Ä jk[k
Ä dV¨jh
D;k djsa %
1- izfrHkkfx;ksa d¨ Q¨dl lewg¨a esa ckaV nsaA
2- muls bl ckjs esa ppkZ djus vkSj mu pht+¨a dh ,d lwph cukus ds fy, dgsa tksfd
efgykvksa d¨ ekfld /keZ ds n©jku viuh ns[kHkky djus ds fy, pkfg,A
3- mUgsa muds lewg ds dke d¨ lcds lkeus foLrkj ls is'k djus nsaA
4- Åij mBk, x;s ely¨a ij ppkZ dks vkxs c<k,¡A
u¨V djsa% bl le; ppkZ d¨ /khjs&/khjs lqjf{kr vkSj [kjkc ekfld /keZ O;ogkj¨a ds chp varj dh vksj e¨M+k tkuk pkfg,A
Ä b= ¼i¶Z;we½
Ä ikmMj
Ä LoPNrk O;ogkj¨a dh rLohjs
Ä f¶yi pkV
Ä t¨M+us okyh Vsisa vkSj ekdZj isu
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 2% LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp laca/k
20 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
5- vHkh Hkh lcds lkeus] izfrHkkfx;ksa ls ;kn djus ds fy, dgsa fd D;k g¨rk gS tc efgyk,¡
ekfld /keZ ds n©jku vius 'kjhj dh lgh rjhds ls ns[kHkky ugha djrh gSaA
u¨V djsa% tokc¨a d¨ ,d f¶yi pkVZ ij u¨V djsa vkSj fQj mu fcUnqvksa ij ,d ds ckn ,d ppkZ djsaA
6- izfrHkkxh;ksa d¨ LoPNrk O;ogkj¨a dh rLohjsa fn[kk;saA
7- mUgsa o.kZu djus ds fy, dgsa fd d©u&lh çFkkvksa vkSj lans'k¨a d¨ os rLohj¨a esa ls fudky
ldrs gSaA
8- ekfld /keZ ds n©jku lgh rjhds ls gkFk /k¨us dk çnZ'ku djsaA
9- eq[; eq̨a ij lkj nsdj lekIr djsaA
10- mUgsa muds /kS;Z vkSj ç;kl ds fy, /kU;okn nsaA
leUo;d ds fy, u¨V & ;fn bu ckr¨a dk mYys[k vc rd ugha fd;k x;k gS r¨ vc fd;k tk ldrk gS%
1- lqjf{kr ekfld /keZ O;ogkjA • lSusVjh lkexzh d¨ de ls de fnu esa rhu ckj ;k tc xhyk g¨ tk, r¨ cnysaA
• tkaf?k;k@dPNh d¨ j¨tkuk cnysaA
• lSusVjh iSM@diMs+ d¨ cnyus ls igys vkSj cnyus ds ckn gkFk /k¨,¡A
• lSusVjh diM+s d¨ /k¨us ds fy, xje ikuh vkSj ued dk bLrseky djsa vkSj lwjt dh
j¨'kuh esa lq[kk,¡A
• mlh lSusVjh iSM ;k lkQ diM+s ;k vU; lkefxz;ksaa dk bLrseky djsa t¨ [kkl r©j ij
gjsd eghus ekfld /keZ ds fy, laHkky dj j[kh xbZa gSaA
2- [kjkc ekfld /keZ O;ogkjA
• Vk;ysV fV'kq dk mi;¨xA
• lSusVjh diM+¨a d¨ ?kj ds fdlh va/ksjs d¨us esa lq[kkukA
• lSusVjh diM+s d¨ ukys ;k ufn;¨a esa /k¨ukA
• xans@vLoPN tkaf?k;k@dPNh +dk bLrseky djukA
[kjkc ekgokjh LoPNrk O;ogkj¨a ds çHkko¨a esa 'kkfey gSa%
laØe.k] vlqfo/kk] viekutud xa/k vkSj ?kVk gqvk vkRe&lEekuA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 2% LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp laca/k
21MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
cfg"dj.k] fodykaxrk vkSj ,e,p,e esa iq#"k¨a dh HkwfedkmÌs';%
lh[kus dh bdkà 3 dh lekfIr ij lgHkkxh ;g o.kZu djus esa l{ke g¨axs fd efgykvksa d¨
'kfDr çnku djus vkSj lgHkkfxrk dk D;k vFkZ gS] viotZu@cfg"dkj vkSj fodykaxrk ely¨a
ds ckjs esa tkx:d g¨uk] vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ esa vknfe;¨a }kjk vnk dh
tkus okyh Hkwfedk d¨ le>ukA
lh[kus dk dk;ZØe%
l= 1% ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ vkSj fodykaxrk
çf'k{kd¨a d¨ fofHké çdkj dh fodykaxrkvksa vkSj mudh fof'k"V ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku
¼,e,p,e½ t+:jr¨a ds ckjs esa irk g¨uk t+:jh gSA pkgs mudh {kerk,¡ dSlh Hkh D;¨a u g¨a]
fodykax O;fDr Hkh mUgha tSfod vkSj Hk©frd ifjoZru¨a dk vuqHko djrs gSa tSlk fd d¨Ã vU;
O;fDr djrk gS] blfy, mudh ekfld /keZ t+:jrsa ,d tSlh gSaA gkykafd] tc fodykax y¨x¨a
ds fy, çHkkoh leFkZu çnku djus dh ckr vkrh gS r¨ mudh 'kkjhfjd vkSj ekufld {kerkvksa
esa fofHkérkvksa d¨ le>uk t+:jh gSA
mnkgj.k ds fy,] ,d fHkUu :i ls l{ke vkSjr ;k fd'kksj yM+dh dks lkekftd] 'kkjhfjd]
lkaLd`frd vkSj vkfFkZd leL;kvksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS tks mlds LokLF; dh ns[kHkky]
f'k{kk] O;kolkf;d izf'k{k.k vkSj jkst+xkj esa Hkh ck/kd gksrk gSA egÙoiw.kZ lgk;rk dk;ZØeksa ls
ckgj j[ks tkus ds dkj.k mldh fLFkfr vkSj [kjkc gks tkrh gSA
Øe
la[;k
fo"k;&lwph rjhdk Ekk/;e fu"iknu esa lgk;d midj.k
le; çf'k{kd
1 efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh] tkx:drk d¨ c<+kuk vkSj pqIih d¨ r¨M+uk
O;k[;ku vkSj ppkZ
CySd c¨MZ iz;ksx'kkyk fu;ekoyh 15 feuV
2 ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku esa vknfe;¨a dh Hkwfedk% feFkd] lkexzh] ctV vkSj 'kkjhfjd lgk;rk
O;k[;ku vkSj ppkZ
CySd c¨MZ 15 feuV
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 3
22 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
dne 1% lkewfgd ppkZ
fodykax yksxksa ds fy, cfg"dkj vkSj lekurk dk O;ogkj u feyus dh leL;k ls fuiVus essa
lgkr;k ds fy, ppkZ esa fuEu fcUnqvksa dks mnkgj.k ds :Ik esa 'kkfey djsa%
1- ;fn d¨Ã us=ghu gS ;k ftls de fn[kkbZ nsrk gS%
,d us=ghu fd'kksjh yM+dh ds fy, mlds ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh dks 'kq:vkr esa igpkuuk
eqf'dy gks ldrk gS D;ksafd og vius ekfld /keZ ls fudyus okys jDr dks ugha ns[k ldrh
gSA gkykafd] dqN eghuksa ds ckn] og viuh ekfld /keZ pØ ds le; gksus okys vuqHko vkSj
le; ds ckjs esa le>us yxsxhA blfy, mi;ksxh lykg ;g gksxh fd %
• ekfld /keZ@ekgokjh ds ckjs esa tk:drk iSnk djus ds fy,] ekfld /keZ ds ckjs esa crkrs
le; gkeksZu }kjk lfØ; gq, HkkoukRed ifjorZu ij cy nsuk pkfg,A
• mls ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ;k Hkjksls ds fdlh ,sls O;fDr ls lgk;rk ysus ds fy, izsjfr djsa tks
;g tk¡p dj lds fd D;k mlds diM+ksa ij [kwu yxk gS\
2- ;fn dksbZ cgjk gS ;k ftls lquus esa ijs'kkuh gksrh gS% ftUgsa lquus esa ijs'kkuh gS mUgsa ekfld /keZ vkSj LoPNrk izca/ku ds rjhdksss a dh O;k[;k djus
ds fy, n`'; lk/kuksa dk iz;ksx djsaA
3- vxj fdlh dks 'kkjhfjd fodykaxrk gS rks%
ml O;fDr ls ckr djds ;g le>s vkSj vkads ¼irk yxk;s½ fd mls ekfld /keZ ds izca/ku ds
fy, fdu lqfo/kkvksa dh vko';drk gSA mUgsa ifjokj vkSj Lo;a lgk;rk lewg ds lkFk dke
djds lqfo/kkvksa dk izko/kku djus ds fy, ekxZn'kZu nsa] ftlesa 'kkfey gS%
• jsfyax ls ySl ,d 'kkSpky; vkSj Luku djus dk LFkkuA
• vUnj ds ctk; ckgj [kqyus okys njoktsA
• ikuh dk ,d ,slk uy tks mudh igq¡p esa gksaA
• diMs+ vkSj lSusVjh uSifdu dk HkaMkj.k mudh igq¡p eas djsaA
4- ;fn dksbZ ekufld :Ik ls chekj gks%
izfrHkkfx;ksa ls iwNsa fd D;k muds ifjokj] fe=ksa ;k iM+ksfl;ksa esa dksbZ ,slk gS tks ekufld :Ik
ls chekj gksA bl ckr ij ppkZ djsa fd mUgas ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds izca/ku esa dSls vkSj fdl
rjg dh lgk;rk pkfg,\
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 3% cfg"dj.k] fodykaxrk vkSj ,e,p,e esa iq#"k¨a dh Hkwfedk
23MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
dne 2 funZs'k%
izf'k{kdksa dks ekufld :Ik ls fodykax efgykvksa vkSj fd'kksfj;ksa dh ns[kHkky djus okyksa ls
eq[; ckrsa ck¡Vuh pkfg, rkfd os mUgsa ekfld /keZ ds izca/ku esa vkRefuHkZj cuk ldasA
eq[; ckrkssa esas 'kkfey gaS%
• mlds ikl miyC/k diM+ksa ;k iSM ds fdLe dh igpku djsssa vkSj izn'kZu ds fy, ¼uewus ds
:Ik esa½ mlh dk iz;ksx djsaaA
• mls fn[kk,¡ fd diM+s ;k iSM dh vkiwfrZ dgk¡ j[kh gS\
• mls fn[kk,¡ fd diM+s ;k iSM dks dgk¡ Qsadk tkrk gS ;k vxj diM+ksa dks nqckjk ls bLrseky
djuk gks rks mls dSls /kkss;k tkrk gS\
• mlds tkaf?k;s ds vUnj diM+ksa ;k iSM dks j[ksa rkfd og vH;kl dj lds] vkSj mls iguus
dh vH;Lr gks ldsA
• mls le>k,as fd og viuh ekgokjh ds nkSjku xk<+s jax ds diM+s iguuk pkg ldrh gS rkfd
[kwu ds /kCcs fn[kus dh laHkkouk de gksA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 3% cfg"dj.k] fodykaxrk vkSj ,e,p,e esa iq#"k¨a dh Hkwfedk
24 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
lq>ko%
1- ,d efgyk tks va/kh gS ;k ftls ns[kus esa ijs'kkuh gS%
• tc rd ;g ,d vkikrdkyhu fLFkfr u gks] ml efgyk dks igys fcuk crk, fd
vki dkSu gSa] u Nq,¡A
• ,slk u eku ysa fd og vkidks fcydqy Hkh ugha ns[k ldrh gSA
• viuh lkekU; vkokt+ esa cksysaA
• vxj mlds ikl ,d NM+h gks rks mls mlls fdlh Hkh le; u ysaA
• nwj pys tkus ;k tkus ls igys ^vyfonk* dgsaA
2- ,d efgyk ftls lquus dh fodykaxrk gks%
• mlls ckr djus ls igys lqfuf'pr djsa fd mldk è;ku vkidh vksj gksA ;fn mldk
psgjk vkidh vksj u gks rks mls da/ks ij gYds ls Nq,¡A
• fpYykuk ;k viuh vkokt+ dks Å¡pk u djsaA
• lh/ks mldh vksj ns[ksa vkSj viuk eq¡g fdlh pht ls <das ughaA
• mlls mldk ckrphr dk ialnhnk rjhdk iwNsaA
3- 'kkjhfjd fodykaxrk okyh ,d vkSjr%
• ;g u eku ysa fd oks ekufld :Ik ls Hkh ean gSA
• ;fn laHko gks rks cSB tk,a rkfd vki mlds lkFk lh/ks vka[kksa ds Lrj ij gksaA
• mldh vuqefr ds fcuk cSlk[kh] ykBh] okWdj ;k Oghyps;j u ys tk,¡ ;k mls okilh
djus dh O;oLFkk ds fcuk ,slk u djsaA
• ;fn og ,d Oghyps;j iz;ksx djrh gS] rks mldh vuqefr ds fcuk mldh Oghyps;j
ij u gh >qdsa ;k u gh mls Nq,¡A
4- ,d efgyk tks Li"V rkSj ij cksy ugha ikrh gS%
• mlds /khjs cksyus ;k mls le>us esa eqf'dy gksus dk ;g eryc ugha gS fd mls
lh[kus vkSj le>us esa dksbZ ijs'kkuh gSA
• tks ckr vkidh le> esa u vk, mls nksgjkus ds fy, dgsaaA
• ,sls loky iwNsa ftudk tokc og gk¡@u esa ns ldsA
• mls viuh leL;k dk o.kZu djus ds fy, ftruk le; pkfg, mruk le; nsaA
la;e j[ksaA
5- lh[kus esa fo'ks"k :i ls l{ke efgyk ;k ftls vkidh ckr le>us easa ijs'kkuh gks%
• ljy 'kCnksa vkSj NksVs okD;ksa dk iz;ksx djsaA
• fouez cus jgsa vkSj la;e cuk, j[ksa vkSj lkFk ,d cPps dh rjg O;ogkj u djsaA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 3% cfg"dj.k] fodykaxrk vkSj ,e,p,e esa iq#"k¨a dh Hkwfedk
25MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
l= 3 ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ esa iq:'kksa dh Hkwfedk% feFkd] lkexzh] ctV vkSj 'kkjhfjd lgk;rk
dne 1% lkewfgd ppkZ
iq:’kksa vkSj yM+d¨a dh leqnk;¨a esa viuh iRuh] efgyk fj'rsnkj¨a] fe=¨a] fo|kfFkZ;¨a] Xkzkgd¨a
vkSj lgdfeZ;¨a dk mudh ekfld /keZ LoPNrk dk leFkZu djus ls tqM+h ckrksa esa ,d fof'k"V
Hkwfedk g¨rh gSA çf'k{kd d¨ lewg ls bu Hkwfedkvksa esa ls dqN dk uke nsus d¨ dguk pkfg,A
lewg esa ppkZ ds tokc¨a ds vk/kkj ij] çf'k{kd fuEufyf[kr lwph dk ç;¨x djds vkxs VV¨y
ldrs gaS fd D;k ;s {ks= vc rd lewg }kjk lkeus yk, x;s gSa ;k ugha yk, x;s gSaA
Hkwfedkvksa esa 'kkfey gaS%
• udkjkRed joS;s vkSj fopkj¨a d¨ pqu©rh nsukA
• vPNs ekgokjh LoPNrk O;ogkj¨a ij tkudkjh lk>k djukA
• ekfld /keZ mRikn¨a ds LFkkuh; mRiknu esa Hkkx ysukA
• lqfu'fpr djuk fd efgyk,¡ vkSj yM+fd;k¡ lSusVjh lkexzh [kjhnus esa leZFk g¨a vkSj
mu rd mudh igqap g¨ ¼dqN efgyk,¡ lSusVjh uSifdu ugha [kjhnsaxh ;fn os vknfe;¨a
}kjk csps tk jgs gSa½A
• ekfld /keZ dk xksiuh;rk vkSj lEeku ds lkFk LoPNrk çca/ku ds fy, ikuh vkSj
LoPNrk ij yxh #dkoV¨a ij /;ku nsuk A
dne 2% funZs'k] loky vkSj tokc fueZy Hkkjr ;k=k ds n©jku] ty vkiwfrZ ,oa LoPNrk lg;ksx ifj"kn ¼MCY;w,l,llhlh½ us
ikap jkT;¨a esa iq:’kksa] efgykvksa] yM+d¨a vkSj yM+fd;ksa ds lkFk baVjO;w dk vk;¨tu fd;k rkfd
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ij muds n`f"Vd¨.k ds ckjs esa irk yxk;k tk ldsA çf'k{kd fuEufyf[kr
loky vkSj tokc l= d¨ ;k=k loZs{k.k ls feys tokc¨a dk bLrseky djds vkxs c<+k ldrs gSa%
vkid¨ D;k yxrk gS fd iq:'kksa us D;k dgk fd mud¨ ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh
dgk¡ ls çkIr g¨rh gS\
• vf/kdrj iq:’kksa d¨ ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ds ckjs esa tkudkjh viuh ifRu;¨a
ls çkIr gqbZ FkhA
izfrHkkxh D;k l¨prs gSa fd iq:’kksa d¨ dgk¡ ls tkudkjh fey ldrh gS\ D;k iq:’kksa d¨ ;g
tkudkjh g¨uk t+:jh gS\ ;fn gk¡ r¨ D;¨a\ ge Ldwy¨a esa mu yM+fd;¨a ds lkFk gksus okyh
NsM+NkM+ esa deh dSls yk ldrs gSa t¨ ekgokjh ij gSa\
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 3% cfg"dj.k] fodykaxrk vkSj ,e,p,e esa iq#"k¨a dh Hkwfedk
26 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
D;k vke r©j ij vkneh ?kj esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk dh ppkZvksa esa 'kkfey g¨rs gSa\
• vke r©j ij iq:’k ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ eq̨a ij vius ?kj esa gh 'kkfey
g¨rs gSa tc ekgokjh okyh efgykvksa }kjk laØe.k dh ifjfLFkfr;¨a ;k vU; fpfdRlk lacaf/k
tfVyrkvksa dk o.kZu fd;k tkrk gSA
iq:’k vkSj d©u&lh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSa\
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk çca/ku ds fy, mfpr lkexzh dk p;u djrs le; iq:’k d©u&lh Hkwfedk
vnk djrs gSa\
• ,d efgyk ds fy, diMs+ ;k lSusVjh uSifdu¨a dk p;u dkQh gn rd mlds ifr dh vkfFkZd
gkyr ls çHkkfor g¨rk gSA
• dà ckj efgyk,¡ iq:’k O;kikfj;¨a ls lSusVjh uSifdu [kjhnus ds fy, fdlh iq:’k fj'rsnkj d¨
Hkstuk ilan djrh gSaA
D;k ekfld /keZ ds n©jku dqN efgykvksa }kjk lkeuk fd;s tkus okys çfrca/k¨a ls lger gaS\
• cgqr ls baVjO;w nsus oky¨a us ;g eglwl fd;k fd efgykvksa }kjk lkeuk fd;s tkus okys
çfrca/k dkQh gn rd ,d vkSjr ls nwljh vkSjr rd igq¡ph çFkkvksa ij fuHkZj djrs gaSA
• vf/kdrj iq:’kksa us ;g mfpr ik;k fd ekfld /keZ ds n©jku vkSjr¨a dh xfrfof/k;ksa ij çfrca/k
ugha gksuk pkfg, A
• ekfld /keZ ds ckn ugkus d¨ lQkà dk ,d çrhd ekuk x;k] vkSj ,sls gkykr¨a esa] ekfld
/keZ okyh efgykvksa d¨ ?kj¨a esa /kkfeZd iwtk@çkFkZukvksa esa 'kkfey g¨us vkSj efUnj tkus d¨
vf/kdrj iq:’kksa }kjk Lohdkj fd;k x;k FkkA
Ekkfld /keZ ls tqM+h tkudkjh d¨ lk>k djus vkSj pqIih r¨M+us esa iq:’k D;k Hkwfedk fuHkk ldrs gSa\
Ldwy¨a esa yM+d¨a ds lkFk fo"k; dsfUnzr ¼Qksdl½ lewg ppkZ ls visf{kr ifj.kke
• pqIih d¨ r¨M+ukA
• Ldwy¨a esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds çca/ku ds fy, vko';d lqfo/kk,¡% cnyus ds LFkku( fuiVku
dh ç.kkfy;k¡( /k¨us vkSj lq[kkus ds LFkku( ugkus dk LFkku ¼vkikr fLFkfr esa½( vfrfjDr
diM+s@;wuhQkWeZ lSusVjh uSifdu¨a@diM+¨a dk LVkWd( lkcquA
• tkudkjh vkSj f'k{kk% fdl vk;q esa yM+fd;ksa d¨ ;g tkudkjh@Kku çkIr djus dh t:jr gS\
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 3% cfg"dj.k] fodykaxrk vkSj ,e,p,e esa iq#"k¨a dh Hkwfedk
27MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
9&12 lky ds yM+d¨a ds lkFk ,d fo"k; dsfUnzr ¼Q¨dl½ lewg ppkZ djus ds fy, midj.k
yM+d¨a ds lkFk ppkZ
le; foLr`r C;©jk i)[email protected]
10 feuV ifjp; & Vhe vkSj lgHkkxh
Hkze.k dk mÌs';
O;k[;ku vkSj ppkZ
20 feuV esjs LkIku¨a dk Ldwy fp=dkjh
15 feuV eSa ,d yM+dk gw¡
• ykHk vkSj gkfu
• fofHkérk,¡
ppkZ
15 feuV c<+rs&c<+rs dqN&dqN g¨rk gS fQYe
15 feuV QhMcSd@fQYe
^yM+dh dk ekfld /keZ*
ppkZ
15 feuV gekjs fe=¨a ds ekfld /keZ ds fnu¨a d¨ vkjkenk;d cukus ds fy, fdl rjg dh lqfo/kk,¡ vko';d gSa\
dkMZ
Hkze.k ¼foft+V½ dk mÌs';
• ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ij yM+d¨a ds lkFk ppkZ 'kq: djukA
• ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ds fy, Ldwy esa ,d n¨Lrkuk ifjos'k rS;kj djukA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 3% cfg"dj.k] fodykaxrk vkSj ,e,p,e esa iq#"k¨a dh Hkwfedk
28 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
çfØ;k esjs LkIku¨a dk Ldwy
dkxt vkSj fp= cukus dk lkeku forfjr djsa vkSj cPp¨a ls ,d vknZ'k Ldwy ;k ,slh txg
dk fp= cukus d¨ dgsa tgk¡ os viuh f'k{kk dk okLro esa vkuUn mBk,axsA bl xfrfof/k esa
izksRlkgu ds fy,] çf'k{kd fuEufyf[kr fopkj lkeus yk ldrs gSa%
• ;fn vkids Ldwy d¨ ns'k dk lcls csgrjhu Ldwy cukuk g¨ r¨ vkids Ldwy esa vkSj D;k
phtsa+s t+:jh g¨axh\
• lewg esa ls lo¨ZRre rLohj pquus ds ckn] bl ckr ds vkl&ikl ,d ppkZ dk vk;¨tu djsa
fd ml fof'k"V rLohj d¨ csgrjhu Ldwy D;¨a pquk x;k\
eSa ,d yM+dk gw¡
,d CySd c¨MZ dk bLrseky djrs gq,] ,d lkj.kh cuk,¡ ¼tSlh fd uhps nh xà gS½ vkSj cPp¨a ls
iwNsa fd os ^,d yM+dk g¨us* ds r©j ij D;k Qk;ns@ykHk vkSj uqdlku@gkfu eglwl djrs gSaA
ykHk gkfu
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 3% cfg"dj.k] fodykaxrk vkSj ,e,p,e esa iq#"k¨a dh Hkwfedk
29MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
QhMcSd l=
fQYe ds ckjs esa yM+d a ls QhMcSd çkIr djsaA mnkgj.k ds fy,] mUgsa bl fQYe ds ckjs esa D;k
vPNk yxk\ mUg aus d©u ls u;s fopkj lh[ks\ bl fQYe us mUgsa dSlk eglwl djok;k\
bl ppkZ ds ckn] yM+d a ls iwNsa fd vc os yM+fd;ksa ds ekfld /keZ ds ckjs esa D;k le>rs gSa vkSj
muds tokc a ds vk/kkj ij] vafre l= dh ppkZ d¨ vkxs c<+k,¡A
gekjs fe= a ds ekfld /keZ ds fnu a d¨ vkjkenk;d cukus ds fy, fdl çdkj dh lqfo/kk,¡ vko';d gSa\
çR;sd yM+ds d¨ n¨ dkMZ forfjr djsa vkSj lewg ls iwNsa%
• os viuh cgu¨a] ekrkvksa vkSj fe=¨a d¨ muds ekfld /keZ ds fnu¨a d¨ vkjkenk;d cukus esa
dSls lgk;rk djsaxs\
• ekfld /keZ ds çca/ku d¨ csgrj cukus ds fy, fdl rjg dh lqfo/kk,¡ vko';d gSa\
fu"d"kZ
lapkfjr djus ds fy, lans'k%
^ vkÃ;s gekjh cgu¨a] ekrkvksa] fe=¨a vkSj ifjokj dh vU; efgyk lnL;¨a d¨ muds ekfld /keZ ds fnu¨a dk LoPNrkiwoZd çca/k djus esa lgk;rk djsa*A
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 3% cfg"dj.k] fodykaxrk vkSj ,e,p,e esa iq#"k¨a dh Hkwfedk
30
LU-3: MenstrUaL Hygiene ManageMent
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
fofHké vk;q lewg¨a ¼fd'k¨j¨a vkSj jt¨fuo`Rr efgykvksa½ ds fy, ,e,p,emÌs';%
lh[kus dh bdkà 4 dh lekfIr rd] lgHkkfx;¨a d¨ fofHké vk;q lewg¨a }kjk lkeuk fd, tkus
okys fof'k"V ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ely¨a dh le> g¨xhA
lh[kus dk dk;ZØe%
l= 1% çkFkfedrk ds r©j ij ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ esa fd'k¨j¨a d¨ 'kkfey djus dk egRo
yM+fd;k¡¡ vkSj yM+ds ¼n¨u¨a½ d¨ ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½] tSfod rF;¨a vkSj
,d LoPN vkSj vlrr rjhds ls jDr çokg ds çca/ku ds fy, O;kogkfjd rjhd¨a ds ckjs esa
tkudkjh çkIr djuk t+:jh gSA cgqr ls Ldwy¨a esa n¨u¨a rjg dh f'k{kk dh cgqr deh gSA okW'k
is'ksoj bl leL;k dk lkeuk fuEu rjhdksa ls dj ldrs gSa%
• LoPNrk Dyc¨a dh LFkkiuk djuk tgk¡ iqjkus fo|kFkhZ u, fo|kfFkZ;ksa d¨ ekfld /keZ LoPNrk
izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ds ckjs esa i<+k jgs gSa(
• ,d laosnu'khy <ax ls tSfod rF; a d¨ O;Dr djus ds rjhdksa ds ckjs esa f'k{kd a d¨ çf'k{k.k nsuk(
Øe
la[;k
fo"k;&lwph rjhdk Ekk/;e fu"iknu esa lgk;d midj.k
le; çf'k{kd
1 ,d çkFkfedrk ds r©j ij ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ esa fd'k¨j¨a d¨ 'kkfey djus dh vgfe;r
O;k[;ku CySd c¨MZ Q¨YM&vkmV fdrkc 30 feuV
eq[; çf'k{kd2 cM+s g¨uk% 'kjhj esa cnyko
O;k[;ku CySd c¨MZ] f¶yi pkVZ] ekdZj isu
Q¨YM&vkmV fdrkc 30 feuV
3 ekfld /keZ dk Ldwy vkSj [ksy ds n©jku çca/ku% djus vkSj u djus ;ksX; ckrsa
O;k[;ku CySd c¨MZ] f¶yi pkVZ] ekdZj isu
psdfyLV 30 feuV
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 4
31MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
• ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ds ckjs esa tkudkjh] f'k{kk vkSj lapkj lacaf/k lkexzh
çnku djuk(
• ;©u f'k{kk ds f'k{k.k d¨ ekgokjh LoPNrk O;ogkj¨a esa çf'k{k.k ls vyx djuk] rkfd uSfrd
;k /kkfeZd vieku ls cpk tk lds(
• Ldwy¨a vkSj LokLF; dk çlkj djus okys dk;ZdrkZvksa ds chp laca/k d¨ etcwr cukuk] ftUgsa
Ldwy¨a dk n©jk vkSj ijke'kZ lsokvksa dh is'kd'k djus ds fy, ç¨Rlkfgr fd;k tkuk pkfg,(
• ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ f'k{kk d¨ yM+d¨a ds lkFk&lkFk yM+fd;¨a dh vksj Hkh
dsfUnzr djuk] rkfd vf/kd le> okys n`f"Vd¨.k d¨ c<+kok fn;k tk lds vkSj lkekftd
dyad¨a d¨ de fd;k tk ldsA
l= 2% cM+s g¨uk% 'kjhj esa cnyko
dkon f¶yi cqd dk bLrseky djrs gq, mu tSfod vkSj 'kkjhfjd cnyko¨a dk o.kZu djsa t¨
iq:’kksa vkSj vkSjrksa ds 'kjhj esa g¨rs gSaA f¶yi cqd] ppkZ d¨ iq#"k¨a vkSj efgykvksa esa ckgjh ls
Hkhrjh ifjorZuksa ij cnyus essa enn djsxhA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 4% fofHké vk;q lewg¨a ¼fd'k¨j¨a vkSj jt¨fuo`Rr efgykvksa½ ds fy, ,e,p,e
32 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
l= 3% ekfld /keZ dk Ldwy vkSj [ksy ds n©jku çca/ku& ^djus* vkSj ^u djus ;ksX; ckrsa*lkewfgd ppkZ
çf'k{kd¨a d¨ lewg ls Ldwy esa vkSj [ksyus ds le; esa Hkh ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku
¼,e,p,e½ ds ckjs esa dqN ewyHkwr ^djussa s* vkSj ^u djus ;ksX; ckrksa* ds ckjs esa crkus ds fy,
dguk pkfg,A lewg dh ppkZ ds tokc¨a ds vk/kkj ij] çf'k{kd fuEufyf[kr lwph dk ç;¨x
djds vc rd lewg }kjk lkeus ugha yk, x;s fo"k;ksa dk irk yxk ldrs gSaA
djus ;ksX; ckrsa%
• lkexzh d¨ cnyus ds fy, vkSj lkcqu vkSj ikuh ds lkFk 'kjhj d¨ /k¨us ds fy, x¨iuh;rk
çnku djsaA
• ,d ,slh txg ds Hkhrj ikuh vkSj lkcqu ds fy, igq¡p çnku djuk t¨ diM+s/ iqu% mi;¨x
okyh ekgokjh lkexzh ls nkx /k¨us ds fy, ,d i;kZIr Lrj rd x¨iuh;rk çnku djrk g¨A
• bLrseky dh xà ekgokjh lkexzh ds fuiVku dh lqfo/kk ¼laXkzg fcanq ls vafre fuiVku½ rd
igqap d¨ Hkh 'kkfey djsaA
u djus ;ksX; ckrsa %
efgyk v/;kfidk,¡ vkSj Ldwy esa fd'k¨fj;k¡¡ Ldwy esa vius ekfld /keZ ls fuiVus esa pqu©fr;¨a
dk lkeuk djrh gSaA buesa 'kkfey gSa%
• lSusVjh ekfld /keZ lkexzh dh dehA
• loky¨a ds tokc nsus esa v{ke g¨us lfgr] /;ku vkSj lgHkkfxrk dh dehA
• futh lqfo/kkvksa vkSj lus gq, diM+¨a] oL= vkSj gkFk¨a d¨ /k¨us vkSj lq[kkus ds fy, ikuh
dh dehA
• lqfo/kkvksa dh deh dh otg ls ekfld /keZ ds n©jku Ldwy ls vuqifLFkfrA
• 'kkSpky; ds bLrseky ls Mjuk fd dgha vU;¨a d¨ ekfld /keZ ds n©jku fudys [kwu dk irk
u py tk,A
• ekfld /keZ dh çfØ;k ds ckjs esa tkudkjh dk vHkko mUgsa Mjk gqvk vkSj 'kfeZUnxh eglwl
djokrk gSA
• [ksy¨a ls vyx j[kukA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 4% fofHké vk;q lewg¨a ¼fd'k¨j¨a vkSj jt¨fuo`Rr efgykvksa½ ds fy, ,e,p,e
33MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
cgq Lrjh; laLFkkxr O;oLFkk,¡] Hkwfedk,¡ vkSj ,e,p,e esa fofHké fgr/kkjd¨a dh ftEesnkfj;k¡
mÌs';%
lh[kus dh bdkà 5 dh lekfIr ij] izfrHkkfx;¨a d¨ okW'k lsDVj esa laLFkkxr inkuqØe vkSj
O;oLFkk dh le>& dsUnz ls xkao Lrj rd & g¨xhA lgHkkxh ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku
¼,e,p,e½ ls tqM+s fofHké fgr/kkjd¨a dh Hkwfedkvksa vkSj ftEesnkfj;¨a d¨ ifjHkkf"kr djus esa Hkh
l{ke g¨ tk,axsA
lh[kus dk dk;ZØe%
l= 1% laLFkku esa O;oLFkk,¡
çf'k{kd¨a d¨ lewg ls dqN laLFkkvksa ds uke crkus ds fy, dguk pkfg, ftUgsa os ekfld /keZ
LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ds fy, egRoiw.kZ ekurs gSaA lewg dh ppkZ ds tokc¨a ds vk/kkj ij]
çf'k{kd loky¨a vkSj dFku¨a dh fuEufyf[kr lwph dk ç;¨x djds lewg }kjk vcrd lkeus
ugha ykbZ xbZ ckrksa dk irk yxk ldrk gS%
okW'k lsDVj esa jk"Vªh; vkSj LFkkuh; Lrj ij d©u ls ljdkjh ea=ky;] foHkkx vkSj tu¨i;¨xh
lsok foHkkx 'kkfey gSa vkSj muds chp ftEesnkfj;k¡ dSls caVh gqà gSa\ LoPNrk ds fy, d©u&lk
eq[; ea=ky; gS\ ;s loky vkid¨ le>us esa enn djsaxs fd d©u ls fgr/kkjd okW'k lsDVj esa
'kkfey gSa vkSj mudh Hkwfedk,¡ D;k gSa\
Øe
la[;k
fo"k;&lwph rjhdk Ekk/;e fu"iknu esa lgk;d midj.k
le; çf'k{kd
1 okW'k lsDVj esa] ns'k ls xkao ds Lrj rd laLFkkxr O;oLFkkvksa dk fooj.k A
O;k[;ku] fo"k; dsfUnzr lkewfgd ppkZ,¡ A
f¶yi pkVZ] CySd c¨MZ] ekdZj isuA
30 feuV
eq[; çf'k{kd
2 ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku esa lfEefyr lHkh fgr/kkjd¨a dh Hkwfedkvksa ij fopkj&foeZ'k djuk & ukxfjd lekt laxBuksa ls ysdj LokLF; vf/kdkfj;¨a] ehfM;k vkfn rdA
O;k[;ku vkSj ckrphrA
f¶yi pkVZ] CySd c¨MZ] ekdZj isuA
30 feuV
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 5
34 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk vkSj lQkà n¨u¨a esa vke r©j ij cgqr ls ea=ky; & LokLF; ea=ky;]
foRr ea=ky;] LoPNrk ea=ky; vkSj ;gk¡ rd fd ikuh ea=ky; Hkh 'kkfey g¨ ldrs gaSA vU;
lsDVj¨a ds lkFk rqyuk esa f'k{kk ea=ky; Hkh blds fy, ,d eq[; ea=ky; gSA
çf'k{kd¨a d¨ blesa 'kkfey g¨us okys lHkh ea=ky;¨a dh Hkwfedkvksa vkSj laca/k¨a d¨ le>uk
t:jh gSA buesa ls dqN tkudkjh uhfr nLrkost+ esa of.kZr dh xà g¨ ldrh gS ;k ljdkjh
vf/kdkfj;¨a ls Hkh lwpuk çkIr dh tk ldrh gSA vkid¨ irk py ldrk gS fd LoPNrk dh
ftEesnkjh dkQh gn rd ljy gS & 'kk;n iwjh rjg ls dsoy ,d gh ea=ky; ij fuHkZj djrh
gSA vki ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;¨a ls Hkh Hkwfedk,¡ vkSj laca/k¨a d¨ le>kus ds fy, dg ldrs gSaA
l= 2% fgr/kkjd¨a dh Hkwfedk,¡
çf'k{kd¨a d¨ lewg ls dqN fgr/kkjd¨a ds uke crkus ds fy, dguk pkfg, ftUgsa os ekfld /keZ
LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ds fy, egRoiw.kZ ekurs gSaA lewg esa gqà ppkZ ds tokc¨a ds vk/kkj
ij] çf'k{kd loky¨a vkSj dFku¨a dh fuEufyf[kr lwph dk ç;¨x djds mu ckrksa dk irk yxk
ldrk gS tks vc rd lewg }kjk lkeus ugha yk, x;s gSaA
D;k vkids lanZHk ¼jk"Vªh;] jkT;] ftyk] Cy‚d] iapk;r½ esa o‚”k] ikuh vkSj LoPNrk ds fy,
vyx ls {ks= leUo; ra= gSa\ vki vU; Lo;a lsoh laLFkkvksa ls iwN ldrs gSa ;k ljdkjh vf/
kdkfj;¨a ls iwNsaA D;k d¨Ã leUo;d ra= e©twn gS\ ;fn gS] r¨ D;k og Bhd ls dke dj jgk
gS\ D;k mlesa ukxfjd lekt 'kkfey gS\ ;gk¡ fofHké ea=ky;¨a vkSj ckgjh fgr/kkjd¨a ¼tSls fd
,uthvks] ;w,Uk ,tsafl;k¡] nkudrkZ½ ds n`f"Vd¨.k ds ckjs esa irk yxkuk ykHknk;d g¨xkA D;k
LoPNrk vkSj lQkà esa LokLF; dk {ks= d¨Ã Hkwfedk vnk djrk gSa\ D;k LokLF; foHkkx dh
LoPNrk vkSj lQkà ds fy, d¨Ã ftEesnkjh gS\ LoPNrk dk çpkj vkSj LokLF; fdl çdkj ikuh
vkSj LoPNrk ds lkFk tqM+k gS\
LokLF; lsDVj dh LoPNrk vkSj lQkà lsokvksa rd igqap dk foLrkj djus esa vkSj lHkh
ljdkj¨a dk lQkà vkSj LoPNrk ij vf/kd ls vf/kd /;ku ¼jktuhfrd vkSj vkfFkZd :i ls½
fnykus vkSj odkyr djus] n¨u¨a esa Hkwfedk gSA ;|fi lkoZtfud LokLF; ij [kjkc lQkà vkSj
LoPNrk ds udkjkRed çHkko ds ckjs esa iq[rk izek.k e©twn gS] csgrj LoPNrk vkSj lQkà ds
LokLF; laca/kh ykHk ds Hkh izek.k ekStwn gS] ij LokLF; lsDVj ¼oSf'od vkSj jk"Vªh; r©j ij½
us bu lcwrksa ij ges'kk çfrfØ;k ugha trykà gSA cgqr ls ns'k¨a esa LokLF; lsDVj esa vHkh Hkh
LoPNrk vkSj lQkà d¨ ojh;rk ugha nh tkrh gSA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 5% cgq Lrjh; laLFkkxr O;oLFkk,¡] Hkwfedk,¡ vkSj ,e,p,e esa fofHké fgr/kkjd a dh ftEesnkfj;k¡
35MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
vkids vius ns'k esa bl fLFkfr dk ewY;kadu djuk vPNk jgsxkA vki ,slk ljdkjh vf/kdkfj;¨a
ds lkFk ckrphr djds dj ldrs gSa ysfdu vki LokLF; uhfr ds nLrkost¨a d¨ Hkh ns[k ldrs
gSaA D;k mUg¨aus lQkà vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk dk mYys[k fd;k g\ D;k LokLF; lsDVj
fdlh leUo;u ra= esa 'kkfey gS t¨ foLr`r :i ls lQkà ;k okW'k esa ls fdlh ds fy, Hkh
e©twn g¨\
vkn'Zkr% LoPNrk vkSj lQkà d¨ LokLF; ds ,d i;kZoj.k laca/kh fu/kkZjd ds r©j ij igpkuk
tkuk pkfg, vkSj LoPNrk vkSj lQkà ds dqN igyqvksa d¨ LokLF; uhfr vkSj f'k{kk dh D;k
fLFfr gS\
LoPNrk] LokLF; vkSj f'k{kk ds chp D;k laca/k D;k gSa\ D;k budk 'kS{kf.kd laca/k vkSj okW'k
ij blds izHkko vkSj fo'ks"k :i ls ,e,p,e ls lacaf/kr eqÌs vkil esa tqM+s gSa\ D;k okW'k lsDVj
esa dk;Z&fu"iknu dh izHkkoh fuxjkuh djus ds fy, d¨Ã <kapk e©twn gS\ D;k ukxfjd lekt
laxBu] f'k{kd vkSj LokLF; dk çlkj djus okys deZpkjh bLkesa 'kkfey gSa\ D;k fofHké Lrj¨a
ij fyax laca/kh ladsrd okW'k ds fuxjkuh <kaps esa gSa\ D;k ge vPNs ,e,p,e ds fy, ljy
vkSj çHkkoh ladsr l¨p ldrs gSaA
blds vfrfjDr] ehfM;k ljdkjh mRrjnkf;Ro d¨ gkfly djus esa fdruk ykHknk;d gS\ Hkkjr
esa d©u ls eq[; lekpkj&i=] jsfM;¨ LVs'ku vkSj Vsyhfot+u LVs'ku gSa\ ekfld /keZ LoPNrk
ds vuqlkj] vki ns[k ldrs gSa fd fiNys 12 eghu¨a esa jk"Vªh; çsl esa bu eq̨a ij fdrus ys[k
çdkf'kr gq, gSa\
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 5% cgq Lrjh; laLFkkxr O;oLFkk,¡] Hkwfedk,¡ vkSj ,e,p,e esa fofHké fgr/kkjd¨a dh ftEesnkfj;k¡
36
LU-3: MenstrUaL Hygiene ManageMent
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
Ldwy¨a] vkaxuokM+h dsUnz¨a] lkoZtfud LFkku¨a vkSj dk;ZLFky¨a esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk çca/ku ds fy, vko';d lqfo/kk,¡
mÌs';%
lh[kus dh bdkà 6 dh lekfIr ij izfrHkkxh ?kj¨a] Ldwy¨a] vkaxuokM+h dsUnz¨a] lkoZtfud LFkku¨a]
dk;ZLFky¨a] Lo;a lgk;rk lewg dsanz¨a vkSj lkoZtfud LokLF; dsUnz¨a esa vko';d lqfo/kkvksa dh
J`a[kyk dh O;k[;k djus esa l{ke g¨ tk,axsA
lh[kus dk dk;ZØe%
efgyk,¡ vkSj yM+fd;k¡ dk;ZLFky] Ldwy vkSj ?kj ij ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½
lqfo/kkvksa rd igqap gkfly djus esa dà rjg dh leL;kvksa vkSj pqu©fr;¨a dk lkeuk djrh gSaA
çf'k{kd¨a d¨ blfy, fuEufyf[kr fcUnqvksa dks vius O;k[;ku¨a] lkewfgd ppkZvksa vkSj JO;&n`';
¼AV½ çLrqfr;¨a esa 'kkfey djuk pkfg,%
1- dk;ZLFky ij pqu©fr;k¡
• vi;kZIr 'k©pky; lqfo/kk,¡A
• ekfld /keZ ls lus diM+s /k¨us vkSj lq[kkus ds fy, lqfo/kkvksa dk vHkkoA
• lSusVjh iSM ;k ekfld /keZ ls lus diM+¨a ds fuiVku dh O;oLFkk esa dehA
• iq#"k çca/kd¨a ds lkFk ekfld /keZ laca/kh eq̨a ij ppkZ djus esa dfBukÃA çca/kd¨a d¨
vDlj] ekfld /keZ ds çca/ku ds fy, 'k©pky; ;k ckFk:e esa efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;¨a
}kjk vfrfjDr le; ysus dh t:jr le> esa ugha vkrhA
• ekfld /keZ ds dkj.k g¨us okys isV nnZ ds dkj.k dke ij /;ku nsus esa dfBukÃA
• lSusVjh lkexzh ;k nokÃ;¨a dh dehA
• dke ds fy, ;k=k djrs le; lSusVjh diM+¨a d¨ cnyus] /k¨us ;k lkQ djus ds
volj¨a ;k lqfo/kkvksa dh dehA
Øe
la[;k
fo"k;&lwph rjhdk Ekk/;e fu"iknu esa lgk;d midj.k
le; çf'k{kd
1 fofHké çdkj ds dk;ZLFky¨a esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ds fy, t+:jh fof'k"V lqfo/kk,¡
O;k[;ku vkSj ppkZ,¡
CySd c¨MZ okW'k& LokLF; is'ksoj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku çf'k{k.k fu;ekoyh ds l= 3 esa vko';d lkexzh dk lanZHk ysa
90 feuV
eq[; çf'k{kd
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 6
37MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
2- Ldwy esa pqu©fr;k¡
efgyk v/;kfidk,¡ vkSj fd'k¨fj;k¡¡ Ldwy esa dà rjg dh ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku
¼,e,p,e½ pqu©fr;¨a dk lkeuk djrh gSaA buesa 'kkfey gSa%
• lSusVjh ekfld /keZ lkexzh dh dehA
• loky¨a ds tokc nsus ds fy, [kM+s u g¨us esa l{ke g¨us lfgr /;ku vkSj lgHkkfxrk
dh dehA
• futh lqfo/kkvksa vkSj lus gq, diM+¨a] oL= vkSj gkFk¨a d¨ /k¨us vkSj lq[kkus ds fy,
ikuh dh dehA
• lqfo/kkvksa dh deh dh otg ls ekfld /keZ ds n©jku Ldwy ls vuqifLFkfrA
• “kkSpky; ds bLrseky ls Mjuk fd dgha vU;¨a d¨ ekfld /keZ ds n©jku fudys [kwu
dk irk u py tk,A
• ekfld /keZ dh çfØ;k ds ckjs esa tkudkjh dk vHkko mUgsa Mjk gqvk vkSj 'kfeZUnxh
eglwl djokrk gSA
• [ksy¨a ls vyx jgukA
3- ?kj esa pqu©fr;k¡
efgyk,¡ vkSj fd'k¨fj;k¡ ?kj esa Hkh ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ dh pqu©fr; a dk lkeuk djrh
gSaA buesa 'kkfey gSa%
• dqN lkaLd`fr;¨a esa yM+fd;ksa vkSj efgykvksa d¨ ekfld /keZ ds n©jku ugkus ;k /k¨us
dh vuqefr ugha g¨rh gSA ftlls vlqfo/kk g¨rh gS vkSj ruko iSnk g¨rk gSA
• 'k©pky;¨a vkSj [kqys ikuh dh xSj miyC/krk ds dkj.k cgqr&lh efgykvksa vkSj
yM+fd;ksa d¨ vius ekfld /keZ ls [kqys esa fuiVuk iM+rk gSA
• os ekfld /keZ ls tqM+h 'kfeZUnxh ls g¨us okys ruko vkSj ijs'kkuh ls XkzLr g¨ ldrh gSaA
• lkFk gh] os oftZr g¨us ds dkj.k bu ely¨a ds ckjs esa ifjokj ds lnL;¨a ls Hkh
ckrphr ugha dj ldrh gSaA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 6% Ldwy¨a] vkaxuokM+h dsUnz¨a] lkoZtfud LFkku¨a vkSj dk;ZLFky¨aesa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk çca/ku ds fy, vko';d lqfo/kk,¡
38
LU-3: MenstrUaL Hygiene ManageMent
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
lSusVjh uSifdu¨a d¨ lqjf{kr rjhds ls u"V djuk
mÌs';%
lh[kus dh bdkà 7 dh lekfIr ij lgHkkxh lSusVjh uSifdu¨a ds fuiVku ds dà rjg ds
fodYi¨a dh O;k[;k djus esa l{ke g¨ tk,axsA
lh[kus dk dk;ZØe%
iqu% mi;¨x
[kwu ls lus iqjkus fpFkM+s] diM+s] pknjsa vkSj lSusVjh uSifdu dh rjg bLrseky fd;s x;s oL=¨a
d¨ lkQ djus ds fy,] fuEufyf[kr djsa%
• [kwu ls lus diM+¨a d¨ lkcqu okys ikuh esa 20 feuV¨a ds fy, fHkx¨,¡A ;g lqfuf'pr djus ds
fy, fd ikuh esa i;kZIr ek=k esa lkcqu gS] lqfuf'pr djsa fd tc vki ikuh d¨ vius gkFk ls
fgyk,¡ r¨ mlesa dkQh cqycqys g¨aA
• mu xans diM+¨a d¨ oSls gh /k¨,¡ tSls fd vki lkekU;rk lkcqu vkSj ikuh ls /k¨rs gSaA
• lkQ diM+¨a d¨ lwjt dh j¨'kuh esa gok ls lw[kus nsaA xans lkcqu okys ikuh d¨ 'k©pky; esa
fxjk nsaA
• vius gkFk¨a d¨ vPNh rjg ls lkcqu vkSj ikuh ls /k¨,¡A
Øe
la[;k
fo"k;&lwph rjhdk Ekk/;e fu"iknu esa lgk;d midj.k
le; çf'k{kd
1 ?kj¨a] lkoZtfud LFky¨a vkSj laLFkku¨a esa lSusVjh uSifdu¨a vkSj diM+s ds fuiVku ds fodYi
O;k[;ku vkSj lewg esa ppkZ
CySd c¨MZ
f¶yi pkVZ
ekdZj isu
45 feuV
eq[; çf'k{kd2 [kkn cukus dh
çfØ;k vkSj fodYi
O;k[;ku vkSj lewg esa ppkZ
CySd c¨MZ 40 feuV
3 Ldwy¨a vkSj laLFkku¨a esa Hkfë;¨a dh LFkkiuk
rduhdsa] ykxr vkSj j[kj[kko
O;k[;ku CySd c¨MZ 40 feuV
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 7
39MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
fuiVkjk
[kwu ls luh lkexzh i;kZoj.k d¨ nwf"kr dj ldrh gS vkSj chekfj;k¡ QSyk ldrh gS ;fn mudk
Bhd ls fuiVkjk u fd;k tk,] blfy, ekfld /keZ ds dpjs ds mfpr fuiVku dh t:jr ij
t¨j nsuk egRoiw.kZ gSA lqfuf'pr djsa fd efgyk,¡ vkSj yM+fd;k¡ xans diM+¨a ;k uSifduksa dks
'kkSpky;] [kqyh ukfy;¨a] ikuh ds fudk;¨a tSls fd ufn;¨a] rkykc¨a vkSj dqvksa tSls LFkku¨a ij
ugha QsadsaA
lqjf{kr vif'k"V fuiVku ds lcls vPNs miyC/k rjhd¨a esa ls dqN fuEufyf[kr gSa%
?kjsyw Lrj ij
1 xgjkbZ esa nckuk%iz;ksx esa yk, x, diM+s vkSj lSusVjh uSifdu dks ,d lkekU; xM~<s esa nck;k tk ldrk gSA
• ,d xgjk xM~<k ¼0-5 ehVj pkSM+k x 0-5 ehVj yEck x 1 ehVj xgjk½ [kksnsaA
• bl vkdkj dk ,d xM~<k nks lky rd pyrk gSA ,d ckj blds Hkjus ij nwljk xM~<k [kksnk
vkSj iz;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA
• ,sls xM~<ksa dks ikuh ds lzksr ¼gSaMiai] V~;wcosy] [kqys dq,sa] rkykc] tyk'k; vkSj ufn;ksa½ ls de
ls de lkr ehVj dh nwjh ij [kksnk tkuk pkfg,A
0-5 ehVj
0-5 ehVj
1 ehVj
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 7% lSusVjh uSifdu¨a d¨ lqjf{kr rjhds ls u"V djuk
40 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
2- [kkn cukuk % ;g xgjkbZ ls nckus dk ,d csgrj :Ik gS
• ,d xM~<+s ¼0-5 ehVj pkSM+s x 0-5 yEcs x 1 ehVj xgjs½ eas csdkj diM+s vkSj lSusVjh uSifdu
dks ifÙk;ksa] vU; xhys tSo bZa/ku vkSj xkscj ds ?kksy ds lkFk nck nsaA
• gj ckj diM+s vkSj lSusVjh uSifduksa dks u"V djrs le; vfrfjDr lkexzh Mkyrs jgus dh
t:jr gSA
• bl lkexzh dks feV~Vh dh ,d ijr ls <+d nsaA
1 ehVj
0-5 ehVj
3- tykdj HkLe djuk%
iz;ksx fd, gq, diM+s vkSj lSusVjh uSifduksa dks tykus dh lykg ugha nh tkrh gS D;ksafd ;g
izfØ;k tgjhys ;kSfxdksa dk mRltZu djrh gSA blfy, bldk mi;ksx dsoy rHkh fd;k tkuk
pkfg, tc dksbZ vU; O;okgkfjd
fodYi u gksA miyC/k lalk/kuksa
ds vk/kkj ij tykus okys dpjs
ds fy, nks fodYi gSa] tSlk fd
uhps fp=ksa esa fn[kk;k x;k gS%
• dpjs dks ,d xM~<s esa
tykukA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 7% lSusVjh uSifdu¨a d¨ lqjf{kr rjhds ls u"V djuk
41MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
• dpjs dks ,d fof'k"V :Ik ls cuk, x, Mªe esa tykukA
Ldwy¨a vkSj dkWyst¨a esa
fuEufyf[kr lfgr dà dkjd¨a ds dkj.k Ldwy¨a esa ekfld /keZ dpjs dh ek=k dk vuqeku
yxkuk laHko ugha gS%
• Nk=¨a dh cnyrh la[;kA
• ekfld /keZ okyh yM+fd;¨a dh vuqifLFkfrA
• cnyus vkSj /k¨us ds fy, mfpr lqfo/kkvksa ds vHkko ds dkj.k cgqr gh de Nk=k,¡ Ldwy ds
?kaV¨a ds n©jku vius uSifdu cnyrh gSaA
x¨iuh;rk Ldwy ifjlj esa ekfld /keZ vif'k"V fuiVku vkSj laXkzg dh lqfo/kk ds LFkku dk fu/
kkZj.k djus esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dkjd gSA blfy,] bu lqfo/kkvksa ds LFkku dk fu.kZ; efgyk Nk=¨a
vkSj f'k{kd¨a ls ckr djus ds ckn gh fy;k tkuk pkfg,A
Nsn okyh vkx tykus dh lrgA
<Ddu dks gVk;k vkSj bl fLFkfr essa j[kk x;k gSA
;g Nsn gok dks vUnj tkus esa vkSj vkx tykus ds fy, lrg ds :Ik esa lgk;d gksrk gSA
180 yhVj dk MªeA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 7% lSusVjh uSifdu¨a d¨ lqjf{kr rjhds ls u"V djuk
42 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
fuEufyf[kr rjhd¨a dk lq>ko Ldwy¨a esa bLrseky fd;s x;s diM+¨a vkSj uSifdu ds laXkzg vkSj
fuiVku ds fy, fn;k tkrk gS%
1- bLrseky fd;s x;s diM+¨a vkSj lSusVjh uSifdu d¨ bdV~Bk djuk
• Ldwy¨a esa Bksl vif'k"V ds fuiVku ds fy, ikjaifjd iz.kkfy;ksa ds vykok ekfld /keZ
ds diM+s vkSj lSusVjh uSifdu ds fy, vyx fuiVku ç.kkyh dh t:jr gSA
• vknZ'kr% bl laXkzg ç.kkyh dk ç'kklu yM+fd;¨a ds ,d lewg ;k Ldwy }kjk fu;qDr
,d deZpkjh }kjk fd;k tkuk pkfg,A
• laXkzg djus okys fMCcs yM+fd;¨a vkSj efgyk f'k{kd¨a }kjk igpku fd;s x;s LFkku¨a ij
j[ks tkus pkfg,A
• dwM+snku¨a ij <Ddu yxs g¨us pkfg, rkfd xanxh ij efD[k;k¡ u cSBs vkSj mUgsa
tkuoj¨a ls lqjf{kr j[kk tk ldsA ¼bdV~Bk djus okys dwM+snku¨a ds mnkgj.k¨a ds fy,
uhps ns[ksa ½A
• ,d ckj ,d= dj fy;s tkus ij] ekfld /keZ vif'k"V d¨ Ldwy esa miyC/k lalk/ku¨a
ds vk/kkj ij nck;k] [kkn cukà ;k HkLe fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2- xgjkbZ esa nckukbLrseky fd;s x;s diM+ksa vkSj lSusVjh uSifduksa ;k nksuksa dks ,d xM~<s ¼1 ehVj pkSM+s x 1
ehVj yEcs x 1 ehVj xgjs½ esa nck;k tk ldrk gSA Ldwy ds ifjlj esa yM+fd;ksa }kjk pquk
x;k xM~<k ,d [kqys LFkku ij gksuk pkfg,A ,d ckj blds Hkj tkus ij nwljk xM~<k [kksndj
iz;ksx esa yk;k tk ldrk gSA
3- [kkn cukuk% ;g tehu esa nckus ¼xkM+us½ dk ,d csgrj :Ik gSA
lzksr% ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ek;us j[krh gS% nqfu;k Hkj esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk d¨ csgrj cukus ds fy, ,d lalk/ku ¼okVj,sM] 2012½A
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 7% lSusVjh uSifdu¨a d¨ lqjf{kr rjhds ls u"V djuk
43MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
• ,d xM~<ss ¼1 ehVj pkSM+s x 1 ehVj yEcs x 1 ehVj xgjs½ esa iz;ksx esa yk, diM+s vkSj
lSusVjh uSifdu ifÙk;ksa] vU; xhys tSo bZa/ku vkSj xkscj ?kksy ds lkFk [kkn cukus ds
fy, nck nsaA
• gj ckj diM+s vkSj lSusVjh uSifduksa dks u"V djrs le; vfrfjDr lkexzh Mkyrs jgus
dh vko';drk gSA
• bl lkexzh dks feV~Vh dh ,d ijr ls <d nsaA
• Ldwy dh ,d vè;kfidk ;k deZpkfj;ksa esa ls ,d lnL; dks bl lkexzh dks Mkyus
vkSj blls [kkn cukus ds fy, lgk;rk djuh pkfg,A
• leqnk; }kjk ;k Ldwy ds pkjksa vksj jlksbZ?kj dk cxhpk cukus ds fy, bl [kkn dk
iz;ksx fd;k tk ldrk gSSA
4- tykuk@tyk dj HkLe djuk
iz;ksx fd, x;s diM+ksa vkSj uSifduksa dks ,d xgjs xM~<s esa nckus ds lkeku gh ,d [kqys xM~<s
esas tyk;k Hkh tk ldrk gSaA gkykafd] tykus dh lykg ugha nh tkrh vkSj bldk iz;ksx dsoy
rHkh fd;k tkuk pkfg, tcfd dksbZ vkSj O;ogkfjd fodYi ekStwn
u gksA Hkkjr ds dqN Ldwyksa esa LFkkfir dh xbZ HkfV~V;k¡ uhps
fn[kkbZ xbZ gSaA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 7% lSusVjh uSifdu¨a d¨ lqjf{kr rjhds ls u"V djuk
44 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
fctyh ls pyus okyh HkV~Vh
yM+fd;ksa ds gkWLVy] izf'k{k.k dsUnzksa vkSj efgyk la?kksa esa jgus okyh efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd;kasa dh la[;k
ds vk/kkj bl ekWMy dks viuk;k tk ldrk gSA
Ldwy 'kkSpky; ds fy, fuiVku <yku vkSj [kkn okys xM~<s
;g fMtkbu ,d Ng bap ihohlh ikbi ls cuh ,d [kM+h 60 fMxzh <yku dk mi;ksx djrk
gS] tks d{k dh ?kukdkj nhokj esa ,d Nsn ls gksrk gqvk lsfIVd VSad ls vyx] ckgj tehu
esa cus ,d lkekU; ¼fcuk vLrj
okys½ iRFkj ds VqdM+s ls <+ds
xM~<s esa tkrk gSA iz;ksx esa yk;s
gq, ekfld /keZ diM+ksa dks bl
<+yku ls uhps fxjk fn;k tkrk
gSA lIrkg esa ,d ckj xhys xkscj
dk ,d ex ml ij Mky fn;k
tkrk gS ftlls lkjs tSfod dpjs
dks lM+us eas enn feyrh gS vkSj
;g cncw dks jksdrk gS ¼vyfe=k
iVsy] caxykSj½A60°
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 7% lSusVjh uSifdu¨a d¨ lqjf{kr rjhds ls u"V djuk
45MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
tSo ç{kkyd
tSo ç{kkyd [kkn cukus dk ,d u;k vkSj mér rjhdk gS] t¨ lSusVjh uSifdu¨a ds fuiVku
ds fy, tSo #ikarj.k dk mi;¨x djrk gSA MkW- fuZeyk xuyk vkSj çlwfr Xkzg vkSj MkW- js.kq
Hkkjnokftr] ch-ts-esfMdy dkWyst iq.ks] Hkkjr }kjk fodflr bl izfd;k esa ukfj;y Qkbcj]
lCth ds fNyd¨a vkSj lqtyk ikmMj ¼MkW Hkkokydj] iq.ks }kjk fodflr½ uked ,d mRçsjd
¼t¨ vi?kVu d¨ rst djrk gS ½ ls Hkjh n¨ 1 ehVj yEcs x 0-6 ehVj pkSM+s x 1 ehVj xgjs nkS fMCc¨a dk bLrseky djrk gSA
,d v/;;u esa] 20 fnu¨a ds ckn] lSusVjh uSifdu¨a d¨ ,d LFkkuh; vLirky ls yxHkx 700
ltZjh ls feyh xHkZuky¨a vkSj Msflax lkexzh ds lkFk ck;¨lSuhVkbt+j ls Hkjk x;k FkkA bl
çfØ;k us yxHkx 300 fdy¨Xkzke dpjs d¨ rhu lky ds ckn vk/ks fdy¨ mitkÅ [kkn esa cny
fn;kA ;g çfØ;k cncw ls eqDr gS vkSj bl ij efD[k;k¡ Hkh ugha vkrh gSaA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 7% lSusVjh uSifdu¨a d¨ lqjf{kr rjhds ls u"V djuk
46
LU-3: MenstrUaL Hygiene ManageMent
MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
çR;{k çf'k{k.k d©'ky] lapkj d©'ky vkSj utf+j;s esa cnyko
mÌs';%
lh[kus dh bdkà 8 dh lekfIr ij izfrHkkxh lapkj d©'ky vkSj çf'k{k.k ds rjhd¨a dh ,d
fdLe dk çn'kZu djus esa l{ke g¨ tk,axsA
lh[kus dk dk;ZØe%
l= 1% çR;{k çf'k{k.k ;¨X;rk,¡
d©u&lh pht+ vkid¨ ,d çHkko'kkyh ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ çf'k{kd cukrh gS\
vufxur çf'k{k.k fo'ks"kK lq>ko nsrs gSa fd ,d çf'k{k.k ikB~;Øe d¨ fo'ks"k cukus okyh
pht+ çf'k{kd gSA ,d vPNs çf'k{kd ds fy, ;g t+:jh ugha fd og ikB~;Øe ds ckjs esa
fdlh vkSj ls vf/kd tkurk g¨A ,d vPNs çf'k{kd dh egRoiw.kZ ;¨X;rk mldh i<+kus dh
{kerk g¨rh gS vkSj D;¨afd ;g ,d d©'ky gS] vr% bls lh[kk tk ldrk gS vkSj blesa ckdh
lHkh ;¨X;rkvksa tSls gh egkjr gkfly fd;k tk ldrk gSA vU; 'kCn¨a esa] tc lkekU;
d©'kyksa d¨ fl[kkus dh ckr vkrh gS] ,d nqfu;k Hkj dk fo'ks"kK cuus dh rqyuk esa f'k{k.k
esa csgrj cuuk vf/kd dkjxj gS] tSls fd ekfld /keZ LoPNrk f'k{k.k esa dkjxj cuuk A
xfrfof/k 1%
izfrHkkfx;ksaa d¨ bl ckr esa lfØ; :i ls 'kkfey g¨us esa lgk;rk djus ds fy, fd ekfld
/keZ LoPNrk izca/ku dk Kku vkSj dkS”kyksa d¨ dSls csgrj rjhds ls gLrkarfjr fd;k tk,] mUgsa
f'k{k.k ds rjhd¨a ¼O;k[;ku ds vykok½ ds ckjs esa lq>ko nsus ds fy, dgsa] t¨ os fd'k¨j¨a d¨
'kkfey djus ds fy, viukuk pkgsaxsA fuEufyf[kr rjhd¨a ij çdk'k Mkyk tk ldrk gS%
Øe
la[;k
fo"k;&lwph rjhdk Ekk/;e fu"iknu esa lgk;d midj.k
le; çf'k{kd
1 Ckkrphr@ lapkj dk d©'ky
O;k[;ku vkSj çnZ'ku
CySd c¨MZ 30 feuV
eq[; çf'k{kd2 çR;{k çf'k{k.k
;¨X;rkO;k[;ku] lewg esa ppkZ vkSj vH;kl
CySd c¨MZ 120 feuV
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 8
47MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
• dgkuh lqukuk
• ukVd
• dfork,¡ vkSj xkus xkuk
• dBiqryh jaxeap
• dgkfu;k¡ i<+dj lqukuk
• çd`fr esa lSj djuk
• ckrphr vkSj lewg esa ppkZ
• fp=dkjh] isfVax djuk vkSj jax Hkjuk
dqN vf/kd mér lewg¨a ds fy,] vki 'kkfey dj ldrs gSa%
• ifj;¨tuk,¡ vkSj loZs{k.k djUkk
• ç'u¨Rrjh çfrLi/kkZ,¡
• xgu ppkZ
• u`R;
• ewfrZdyk] ekWMfyax vkfnA
• jpuk,¡ fy[kuk vkSj jpukRed ys[ku
• Hkze.k
• j¨y Iys
• uD'k¨a dk fodkl djuk] tSls fd leqnk; ds uD'ks
• loZs{k.k¨a d¨ fodflr djuk vkSj ç'u iwNuk
xfrfof/k 2%
izfrHkkfx;ksa d¨ lewg¨a esa ckaVsa vkSj çR;sd d¨ fuEufyf[kr fLFkfr;ksa esa ls ,d nsa%
1- ,d fd'k¨jh t¨ Ldwy esa gS vkSj mls ekufld lgk;rk dh t:jr gSA
2- ,d fd'k¨jh d¨ Ldwy esa ekgokjh 'kq: g¨ tkrh gS vkSj mls lSusVjh lkexzh dh t:jr gSA
3- ,d u©toku yM+dh t¨ ;©ou laca/kh cnyko¨a ds ckjs esa fpafrr gS t¨ mlds 'kjhj esa g¨ jgs gSa
vkSj mls lykg dh t:jr gSA
çR;sd lewg d¨ fQj ,d j¨y Iys dk çn'kZu djuk pkfg, vkSj çR;sd ekeys ds ifjn`'; esa
fof'k"V t:jr¨a dh igpku djus ds ckn vius fopkj lk>s djus pkfg,A mu d©'kyksa ij t¨j
fn;k tkuk pkfg, t¨ ukVd esa nh xbZ fLFkfr ds lek/kku ds fy, mi;qDr gSaA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 8% çR;{k çf'k{k.k d©'ky] lapkj d©'ky vkSj utf+j;s esa cnyko
48 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
lkeqnkf;d Hkkxhnkjh ds n`f"Vd¨.k vkSj mudk ç;¨x
mÌs';%
lh[kus dh bdkà 9 dh lekfIr ij lgHkkxh dà rjg dh lkeqnkf;d lgHkkfxrk dh i)fr;¨a vkSj
muds ç;¨x dh O;k[;k djus esa l{ke g¨ tk,axs
lh[kus dk dk;ZØe%
l= 1% leqnkf;d lgHkkfxrk n`f"Vd¨.k vkSj mldh çfdz;k
eq[; çf'k{kd ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ ds fofHké lkeqnkf;d lgHkkfxrk
nf"Vd¨.k a d¨ js[kkafdr djsaxs] ftlesa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ iz;ksx'kkyk vkSj
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku raEcw ¼VSaUV½ d¨ eq[; nf"Vd¨.k a dh rjg izeq[krk nh tkuh pkfg,A
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ iz;ksx'kkyk ,d ,slk dk;ZØe gS ftlesa txg dh
vko';drk gksrh gS vkSj tks ekfld /keZ LoPNrk d¨ va/ksjksa ls fudkyus esa lgk;rk djrk gSA
;g ljy ysfdu çHkkoh nf"Vd¨.k dk mi;¨x djrk gS t¨ bl oftZr eqÌs d¨ cM+s iSekus ij &
vkSj fofo/k Hk©x¨fyd lhekvksa vkSj lanZHk a esa lkeus ykrk gS & vkSj bLks lkaLdfrd lanZHk a dh ,d
foLrr Ja[kyk esa bLrseky fd;k tk ldrk gSA
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ iz;ksx'kkyk dk mÌs'; ljy gS% ekfld /keZ d¨ xoZ dh ckr
le>uk vkSj efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd; a d¨ pqipki cnkZ'r djus d¨ j¨dus esa enn djukA lqjf{kr
vkSj LoPN ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ d¨] vkSj lkFk gh lkFk lqjf{kr iqu% mi;¨x
vkSj@;k ekgokjh LoPNrk mRikn a ds fuiVku d¨ l{ke djds] iz;ksx'kkyk efgykvksa vkSj yM+fd; a
d¨ muds dY;k.k ds fy, ,d cqfu;knh ysfdu e©fyd fgLls ij fu;a=.k ikus dh {kerk nsrh gSA
fdlh Hkh iz;ksx'kkyk dk;ZØe dh ;g ,d O;ogkfjd vko';drk gS fd og ,d ,sls Lokxriw.kZ
vkSj izHkko'kkyh okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k djsa tgk¡ izfrHkkxh vFkZiw.kZ <ax ls dk;Z'kkyk esa 'kkfey gks
ldsaA ;g Hkh vko';d gS fd vki viuh dYiuk 'kfDr dk mi;ksx djrs gq, izf'k{k.k esa fopkjksa
ds vknku&iznku ¼ckrphr½ vkSj lh[kus ds ,d lexz] mPp n';rk okys] izsjd vkSj LQwfrZnk;d
okrkoj.k dk fuekZ.k djsaA
Øe
la[;k
fo"k;&lwph rjhdk Ekk/;e fu"iknu esa lgk;d midj.k
le; çf'k{kd
1 lkeqnkf;d lgHkkfxrk ds n`f"Vd¨.k vkSj lkeqnkf;d lgHkkfxrk dh çfØ;k,¡
O;k[;ku CySd c¨MZ ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku iz;ksx'kkyk vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku raEcw ¼VSaUV½
45 feuV
eq[; çf'k{kdt
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 9
49MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ raEcw ,d 3 ehVj yEck x 3 ehVj pkSM+kbZ okyk] vklkuh
ls ,d txg ls nwljh txg ys tk;k tk ldus okyk ¼i¨ZVscy½ <kapk gS t¨ u dsoy ,d vfr
fof'k"V LVSaM dh rjg dk;Z djrk gS cfYd ,d ,sls LFkku dh rjg Hkh tgk¡ yM+fd;¨a d¨
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds ckjs esa fl[kk;k tk ldrk gSA bl raEcw dk fMt+kbu ,d BsB Hkkjrh;
>¨iM+h tSlk j[kk x;k gS ftlesa ,d ijaijkxr ^ÃaV¨a* okyh Nr vkSj feëh dh cuh nhokjsa gSaA
vU; iSuy¨a ij çf'k{k.k çfØ;k d¨ n'kkZrh gqà vkd"kZd rLohjsa yxkà xà gSa] eq[; vfHk;ku ds
rhu okns vkSj ^daxu* dh rLohj ekfld /keZ pØ dk ladsr nsrs gSa lkFk gh ,d psu yxk vkxs
dk iSuy ¼,d njokts dh rLohj ds lkFk½ gS ftldh xksiuh;rk cuk, j[kus ds fy, t:jr
gSA ;g Ýse ,d gYds otu okys ysfdu etcwr ,Y;wehfu;e ls cuk gS( vkSj iwjs raEcw d¨ 'kh/
kzjrk ls vkSj vklkuh ls [kM+k fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj blds vius ifg;s okys dsl esa yisVk
tk ldrk gSA
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ iz;ksx'kkyk vkSj VSaV ij vf/kd foLr`r tkudkjh ds
fy,] d`i;k ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ iz;ksx'kkyk la;¨td fu;ekoyh dks i<s+A
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 9% lkeqnkf;d Hkkxhnkjh ds n`f"Vd¨.k vkSj mudk ç;¨x
50 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
O;ogkj esa cnyko ds midj.k vkSj vkÃÃlh lkeXkzh dk mi;¨x
mÌs';%
lh[kus dh bdkà 10 dh lekfIr ij izfrHkkxh O;ogkj esa cnyko vkSj vU; tkudkjh] f'k{kk vkSj
lapkj lacaf/k lkexzh ds fy, midj.k¨a dk bLrseky djus esa l{ke g¨ tk,axsA
lh[kus dk dk;ZØe%
l= 1% lEeku] xoZ] lqj{kk vkSj LokLF; dh Hkkouk dk mi;ksx djrs gq, O;ogkj esa cnyko ds fy, midj.k
fofHké lewg¨a ¼efgykvksa] fd'k¨j] fd'k¨fj;kssa] ,uthvks ds dk;ZdrkZvksa vkfn½ ds chp ekfld
/keZ LoPNrk ij vkSj vf/kd [kqyh ppkZ,¡ ljy tkudkjh] f'k{kk vkSj lapkj lacaf/k midj.k¨a }kjk
laHko gksa ikà gSa tSls fd rLohj¨a okys dkMZ t¨ n'kkZrs gSa fd efgyk,¡ vius ekgokjh ds fnu¨a d¨
dSls O;rhr djrh gSa] ekfld /keZ pØ d¨ Li"V djuk vkSj efgykvksa d¨ vius thou dh vlyh
dgkfu;¨a d¨ lk>k djus ds fy, ç¨Rlkfgr djus ds rjhds vkfnA fofHké vk;q ds iq:’kksa vkSj
efgykvksa ds fy, Q¨je vkSj Dyc LFkkfir djuk lkaLd`frd ck/kkvksa d¨ nwj djus esa l{ke cukrk
gS vkSj ekfld /keZ ds lkFk tqM+s dyad d¨ T;knk vklkuh ls lkeuk djus esa enn djrk gSA
cgqr ls LokLF; vkSj fodkl dk;ZØe O;ogkj esa cnyko ds fy, lapkj ¼chlhlh½ d¨ y¨x¨a
ds LokLF; vkSj dY;k.k d¨ csgrj cukus ds fy, bLrseky djrs gSa] ftlesa ifjokj fu;¨tu
vkSj çtuu laca/kh LokLF;] ekrk vkSj cPps dk LokLF; vkSj laØked chekfj;¨a dh j¨dFkke
'kkfey gSaA O;ogkj esa cnyko lacaf/k lapkj ,d çfØ;k gS t¨ y¨x¨a d¨ LoLFk O;ogkj¨a vkSj
thou'kSfy;ksa d¨ viukus vkSj cuk, j[kus ds fy, çsfjr djrh gSA LoLFk O;ogkj d¨ cuk, j[kus
ds fy, vke r©j ij O;ogkj esa cnyko ds fy, lapkj esa ,d lewps LokLF; dk;ZØe ds r©j ij
yxkrkj fuos'k fd;s tkus dh t:jr g¨rh gSA
Øe
la[;k
fo"k;&lwph rjhdk Ekk/;e fu"iknu esa lgk;d midj.k
le; çf'k{kd
1 lEeku] xoZ] lqj{kk vkSj LokLF; dh Hkkouk dk mi;ksx djrs gq, O;ogkj esa cnyko ds fy, midj.k ¼vf/kdkj vk/kkfjr n`f"Vd¨.k¨a dks lanHkZ ds :Ik esa ysa½
lkewfgd dk;Z@j¨y Iys
35 feuV
2 tkudkjh] f'k{kk vkSj lapkj lacaf/k lkexzh dk çn'kZu vkSj bLrsekyA
O;k[;ku@j¨y Iys
,ylhMh]
MCY;wch
35 feuV
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 10
51MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 10% O;ogkj esa cnyko ds midj.k vkSj vkÃÃlh lkeXkzh dk mi;¨x
l= ds mn~ns';
l= ds var esa izfrHkkxh dks fuEu çkIr g¨xk%
1- fofHké O;ogkjksa esa cnyko ds fy, lapkj ¼chlhlh½ lacaf/k midj.k¨a dh le> t¨ ,d
O;ogkj esa cnyko lacaf/k lapkj dk;ZØe d¨ rS;kj djus vkSj ykxw djus esa lgk;rk ds
fy, miyC/k g¨axsA
2- ;g o.kZu djus esa l{ke g¨axs fd O;kid igqap ds lkFk lcls çHkkoh O;ogkj esa cnyko
lacaf/k lapkj dk;ZØe vk;ksftr djus ds fy, miyC/k fofHké tkudkjh midj.k¨a d¨ dc
vkSj dSls bLrseky djuk gSA
• *ehfM;k ds lkFk dke djuk A
• *fçaV* dh gqà lkexzh d¨ fodflr djuk A
• *ckfyx¨a* ds fy, LokLF; f'k{kk A
3- çf'k{kd ds u¨V~l esa çLrqr dh xà tkudkjh O;ogkj esa cnyko lacaf/k lapkj lwpuk
midj.k ij e©twn tkudkjh d¨ çLrqr djuk
• tulapkj ekè;eksa ds lkFk dke djuk A
• fçaV dh gqà lkexzh d¨ fodflr djukA
• ckfyx¨a ds fy, LokLF; f'k{kkA
• çHkko'kkyh vkSj vçHkko'kkyh tulapkj ekè;eksa vkSj çdkf'kr dh gqà lkexzh
ds mnkgj.k¨a ds ckjs esa lgHkkfx;¨a ds lkFk leh{kk djuk A
52 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
l= 2% tkudkjh] f'k{kk vkSj lapkj lacaf/k lkexzh dk çn'kZu vkSj bLrseky
1- izfrHkkfx;ksa d¨ N¨Vs lewg¨a esa ckaVuk vkSj çR;sd lewg ds fy, O;kogkfjd O;ogkj cnyko
lacaf/k lapkj lewg xfrfof/k dh çfr;ka forfjr djukA
2- lewg d¨ O;ogkj cnyko lacaf/k lapkj xfrfof/k 'khV ij nh tkudkjh dh leh{kk djus
ds fy, dguk vkSj ,d ek/;e dh fo”ks’k lapkj i)fr dk mi;¨x djds yf{kr vkcknh
ds fy, ,d mi;qDr O;ogkj cnyko lacaf/k lapkj lans'k fodflr djuk ftls os çLrqr
LokLF; eq̨a d¨ lac¨f/kr djus ds fy, lcls vPNk ekurs gSaA
3- cM+s lewg ds lkFk lk>k djus ds fy,] lewg¨a d¨ vius fopkj vkSj fodflr fd;s x;s
ehfM;k lans'k fjdkMZ djus ds fy, dgsaA
lkj
• çLrqr tkudkjh ls çR;sd midj.k ds rgr çeq[k fcanqvksa ij çdk'k Mkyrs gq, l= dk
lkjka'k fudkysaA
• LokLF; is'ksoj¨a d¨ O;ogkj cnyko lacaf/k lapkj d¨ c<+kok nsus ds fy, dà fofHké çdkj ds
lapkj ek/;e e©twn gSaA ;g t+:jh gS fd tc vki ,d O;ogkj cnyko lapkj dh ;¨tuk
cuk jgs g¨a vkSj lapkj ek/;e¨a dk p;u dj jgs g¨a r¨ ,sls çR;sd rjhds ij /;kuiwoZd
fopkj fd;k tk, t¨ vkidh yf{kr vkcknh ds fy, mi;qDr g¨ vkSj lqfu'fpr djsa fd lans'k
çHkko'kkyh gSa vkSj tgk¡ rd laHko gks mldh igqap O;kid gksA
• ckfyx f'k{kkFkhZ cPp¨a ls vyx rjhds ls lh[krs gSaA os Lo;a çsfjr gSa vkSj Lora= f'k{kkFkhZ gSa
blfy, mUgsa lfØ; :i ls lh[kus dh çfØ;k esa 'kkfey djuk t+:jh gS( bl çdkj lh[kus
d¨ muds thou ds vuqHko¨a ls t¨M+k vkSj lk>k fd;k tk ldrk gSA
• çHkkoh çdk”ku vkSj tu lapkj lkexzh dk fodkl djus ds fy, dkQh vf/kd ;¨X;rk vkSj
le; dh t:jr g¨rh gSA
• lans'k fyf[kr tkudkjh vkSj XkzkfQDl ds ,d feJ.k dk mi;¨x djrs gq, ljy] Li"V vkSj
,d O;kid rjhds ls cuk, tkus pkfg, t¨ ,d fnypLi dgkuh crkrk g¨ vkSj vkids yf{kr
n'kZd¨a d¨ cka/ks j[k ldsA
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 10% O;ogkj esa cnyko ds midj.k vkSj vkÃÃlh lkeXkzh dk mi;¨x
53MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
çf'k{kd ds fy, u¨V~l% ehfM;k ds lkFk dke djuk
O;ogkj cnyko lacaf/k lapkj esa ehfM;k dh çeq[k Hkwfedk,¡ gSa%
• vLoLFk O;ogkj ds cqjs çHkko¨a ds ckjs esa y¨x¨a d¨ lwfpr ¼;k f'kf{kr½ djukA
• vLoLFk O;ogkj ds cqjs çHkko¨a ds ckjs esa y¨x¨a d¨ ;kn fnykuk ftUgsa os igys ls gh tkurs gSa]
vkSj bl Kku dh çklafxdrk d¨ cuk, j[kukA
• pkgs çR;{k ;k vçR;{k rjhds ls vU; va'knk;h çHkko¨a ds fy, O;fDr;¨a d¨ laosnu'khy ;k
mtkxj djds fofHké LoLFk thou 'kSyh çFkkvksa d¨ viukus ds fy, y¨x¨a dh çsj.kk c<+kukA
• enn dSls çkIr djsa* ;k ^viuh enn dSls djsa* ij vkRe&lgk;rk tkudkjh çnku djukA
• dqN lcwr fn[kkdj lkekftd lgk;rk çnku djuk fd lekt ¼de ls de dqN gn rd½
lokfy;k vLokLF;dj O;ogkjksa@çFkkvksa d¨ vLohd`r djrk gSA
• ,d ,slk lanHkZ çnku djsa ftlesa fu;ked cnyko d¨ çLrqr fd;k tk ldsA
ehfM;k dk lkj%
• çpkj iqfLrdk,¡
• f¶yi pkVZ
• tkudkjh 'khV~l
• U;wt+ ySVj
• i¨LVj
• Vh&'kVZsa
• fLVdlZ
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 10% O;ogkj esa cnyko ds midj.k vkSj vkÃÃlh lkeXkzh dk mi;¨x
• ohfM;¨t+
• leqnk;¨a rd igqap
• dk;ZØe & dBiqryh jaxeap
• Vsyhfotu
• jsfM;¨
• v[kckj
• if=dk,¡
54 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
lgh lans'k çnku djus dk ,d egRoiw.kZ fgLlk gS fd vki bl ckr ij fopkj djsa fd vkids
yf{kr n'kZd d©u gSa vkSj vki vius lans'k rS;kj djuk 'kq: djus ls igys vius lapkj mÌs';¨a
ds ckjs esa ckrphr djsaA vki yf{kr n'kZd¨a d¨ ikfjHkkf"kr djsaA blesa 'kkfey g¨xk%
• viuh yf{kr vkcknh dh LokLF; laca/kh t:jr¨a ij vius vkadM+s vkSj vuqla/kku dh leh{kk
djuk rkfd mu LokLF; çkFkfedrkvksa d¨ fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk lds ftu ij vki /;ku dsfUnzr
djuk pkgrs gSaA
• mu t¨f[ke okys dkjd¨a d¨ fu/kkZfjr djuk ftUgsa vki y{; cuk,axsA
• ;g fu.kZ; djuk fd d©u&lk lewg LokLF; ds eqn~nksa ;k t¨f[keksa ds dkjdksa ls lcls vf/kd
çHkkfor g¨rs gSaA
• p;fur y{; lewg ds Hkhrj eu¨n`f"V] O;ogkj vkSj fo'okl¨a dh dqN le> çkIr g¨ukA
• ,d ckj tc vkid¨ vius yf{kr n'kZd¨a ds ckjs esa irk py tkrk gS r¨ fQj vki mUgsa
[k¨tus ds rjhd¨a d¨ fu/kkZfjr dj ldrs gSa vkSj vius lans'k d¨ fodflr djus ds fy, muls
ijke'kZ dj ldrs gSaA
vkids lapkj ds y{; dk mÌs'; g¨uk pkfg,%
• /;ku vkdf"kZr djuk A
• lans'k d¨ Li"V djuk A
• ,d ykHk ds ckjs esa lapkj djuk A
• ckj&ckj ogha lans'k nsuk lqfu'fpr djuk A
• fnekx vkSj fny ij Nki N¨M+ukA
• fo'okl iSnk djuk A
• dk;Zokgh ds fy, cqykuk A
;fn vki vius vfHk;ku ds çHkko”khyrk d¨ lqfu'fpr djuk pkgrs gSa r¨ lgh lans'k nsuk
egRoiw.kZ gSA vkidk ;g lqfu'fpr djuk t+:jh gS fd mRikfnr lkexzh ,slh Hkk"kk] Js.kh vkSj
ygts esa g¨ t¨ mu yf{kr n'kZd¨a ls feyku [kkrh gS ftu rd vki igqapuk pkgrs gSaA lans'k¨a
dk u dsoy mi;qDr vkSj le>us ;¨X; g¨uk t+:jh gS cfYd lkFk gh fdlh rjhds ls yf{kr
n'kZd¨a d¨ çsfjr djus esa l{ke g¨uk Hkh t+:jh gSA
lans'k¨a d¨ yf{kr n'kZd¨a ds lkFk feydj muds ijke'kZ ls rS;kj djuk pkfg, vkSj mudh
Li"Vrk] fo'oluh;rk vkSj mi;qDrrk dks forj.k ls igys tkapuk cgqr t+:jh gS A ;fn lkexzh
dk fuekZ.k g¨ tkrk gS vkSj lans'k yf{kr n'kZd¨a ds fy, mi;qDr ugha gS ;k mUgsa le> esa ugha
vkrk rks blls foRrh; lalk/ku¨a dh ,d Hk;kud cckZnh g¨ ldrh gS A
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 10% O;ogkj esa cnyko ds midj.k vkSj vkÃÃlh lkeXkzh dk mi;¨x
55MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
lkexzh dh igys ls tkap djokus ds mi;¨xh rjhds Q¨dl lewg¨a ;k O;fDrxr :i ls
vkeus&lkeus fd;s x;s baVjO;w gSaA ,d rjhdk 'o‚Dl i‚i' gS ;k ,d lkoZtfud LFky ij
csrjrhc <ax ls y¨x¨a dk p;u djuk g¨xk] tSls fd ,d lM+d ds fdukjs yxs ckt+kj] vkSj
muls vkidh lkexzh dh leh{kk djus vkSj dqN 'kq#vkrh QhMcSd nsus ds fy, dguk g¨xkA
;g lkexzh dk vafre mRiknu djus ls igys lans'k d¨ le>us esa vkus okyh fdlh leL;k d¨
igys gh Bhd dj ysus nsrk gSA
ge iwoZ ijh{k.k lkexzh ds fy, D;k tkap jgs gSa\
• le>&cw>
• XkzkfQ+Dl vkSj 'kCn¨a d¨ le>us esa vklkuh
• i<+uss ds Lrj dh mi;qDrrk
• rduhdh lVhdrk
• Lohdk;Zrk
• lkaLd`frd laosnu'khyrk
• lkekftd Lohdk;Zrk
• fp=.k dh xq.koRrk
• çLrqfrdj.k dh yackÃ
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 10% O;ogkj esa cnyko ds midj.k vkSj vkÃÃlh lkeXkzh dk mi;¨x
56 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
O;ogkj Eksa cnYkkOk ds midj.k vkSj tkudkjh] f'k{kk vkSj lapkj lacaf/k Lkkexzh dk mi;ksxmÌs';%
lh[kus dh bdkà 11 dh lekfIr ij lgHkkxh ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ d¨ ykxw
djus ds fy, ewY;kadu çfØ;k vkSj is'ksoj¨a ds fy, çf'k{k.k ;¨tuk,¡ rS;kj djus dk o.kZu djus
esa l{ke g¨ tk,axsA
lh[kus dk dk;ZØe%
l= 1% çf'k{k.k dk ewY;kadu
1- vkid¨ bl dk;Z'kkyk esa ls lcls vf/kd D;k ;kn gS\ ¼'kCn] okD;ka'k] rLohjsa] fopkj]
fo"k;] y¨x vkfn½
2- D;k dk;Z”kkyk oSlh gh Fkh tSlh vkius vis{kk dh Fkh\ D;k d¨Ã vk'p;Ztud ckras Fkha
¼udkjkRed ;k ldkjkRed½\
3- vki ij iM+us okys ldkjkRed çHkko D;k gSa\ dk;Z'kkyk esa fdl pht us vPNk dke
fd;k\
4- bl dk;Z'kkyk ls iM+us okys udkjkRed çHkko D;k gSa\ vki bl dk;Z'kkyk esa ckjs esa D;k
cnyuk pkgsaxs\
5- bl vuqHko ds ,d urhts ds :i esa vki D;k vyx rjhds ls djsaxs\
6- d`i;k laxBu] leUo;] çpkyu&ra=¨a vkfn ij vfrfjDr fVIif.k;k¡@flQkfj'ksa çnku djsaA
7- bl od'kki d¨ 1&10 ds Ldsy ij ntZ dj nsa ¼10 ¾ lcls vf/kd larq"V] 1 ¾ lcls
de larq"V½A
1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 & 7 & 8 & 9 & 10
ØsfMV% QkeZ vkSj l©tU;&ft;kn ewlk] ofj"B çf'k{kd] ehuk {ks=
Øe
la[;k
fo"k;&lwph rjhdk Ekk/;e fu"iknu esa lgk;d midj.k
le; çf'k{kd
1 rduhdh ewY;kadu
O;k[;ku CySd c¨MZ ewY;kadu QkeZ 30 feuVeq[; çf'k{kd
lh[kus dh bdkbZ 10
57MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
contentslh[k@f’k{k.k dk gLrkarj.k
bl ckr d¨ /;ku esa j[krs gq, fd vc vkius ,d gh {ks= ls çf'k{kd¨a ds vkil esa tqM+s
lewg ds lkFk dke dj fy;k gS] d¨lZ djus ds ckn fofHké f'k{k.k xfrfof/k;¨a d¨ vklkuh ls
vk;¨ftr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
xfrfof/k;k¡ vc fuEukuqlkj g¨axh%
1- la;qDr ewY;kadu ds nkSjku ljQsl i¨LV }kjk fu;fer izfØ;k] Ã&esy] Q¨u vkSj@;k
O;fDrxr ;k=k ds nkSjku ls fu;fer :i ls çfrfØ;k ysukA
2- ikB~;Øe ls fonkà ds le; çf'k{k.k ds ckn ds ewY;kadu ds fy, ,d çko/kku g¨xkA
3- is'ksoj¨a ds çf'k{k.k dk la;qDr ewY;kaduA
4- ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ çf'k{k.k d¨ ykxw djus esa fpfdRld¨a ds dk;kZUo;u
ds çn'kZu esa lq/kkjA
lR;kiu ds rjhds%
çf'k{kd¨a ds ikB~;Øe ds çf'k{k.k esa fuEufyf[kr rjhds 'kkfey gSa%
1- vkarfjd lR;kiu
• ç'u¨Rrjh
• lewg vH;kl
• lewg dk;Z
• j¨y Iys
• rRdky çfrfØ;k ç'ukoyh
2- ckgjh lR;kiu
• çf'k{k.k ds çHkko dk v/;;u
• leorhZ ewY;kadu
58 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
çeq[k çf'k{kd fo'ks"kK gSa vkSj ckgjh fuiq.k O;fDr gSaA çf'k{kd¨a ds çf'k{k.k dk vk;¨tu
djus okyh ,tsalh ,d xgu ijke'kZ vkSj ckrphr dh çfØ;k ds ek/;e ls çLrkfor çf'k{k.k
dk;ZØe] ekM~;wy] gSaMvkmV~l vkSj çf'k{k.k ds fy, vU; vko';d fo"k;&lkexzh] n`f"Vd¨.k
vkSj dk;Z i)fr d¨ fodflr djsxh vkSj ml ij lger g¨xhA fodflr fd;s x;s çf'k{k.k
fMt+kbu esa lgHkkfx;¨a ds mHkjrh gqà lh[kus dh t:jr ds vuqlkj mi;qDr la'k¨/ku¨a ds fy,
yphykiu varfuZfgr g¨xkA
çf'k{k.k ,tsalh çf'k{kdksa ds çf'k{k.k ¼VhvksVh½ dk lapkyu djus ds fy, uohure rduhd¨a
dk mi;¨x dj ldrh gSA blesa ls vf/kdrj ns'k esa miyC/k vuqHko ls vk,xk vkSj ns'k ds
vf/kdka'k jkT;¨a esa Xkzkeh.k ty vkiwfrZ vkSj LoPNrk ij fo'ks"k :i ls cuk;s x, izf'k{k.k vkSj
{kerk fodkl dk;ZØe¨a dh ,d foLr`r J`a[kyk vk;¨ftr djus okyh fo'ks"kK laLFkkuksa ls
vk;sxkA
lkFk gh] varjjk"Vªh; laLFkku¨a dk vuqHko çf'k{kdksa ds çf'k{k.k (VhvksVh) dk;ZØe¨a d¨
csgrj cukus ds fy, bLrseky fd;k tk,xkA blesa çf'k{k.k dh 'kq#vkr esa çfrHkkfx;¨a }kjk
çf'k{k.k y{;¨a dks rS;kj djuk vkSj çLrqfr;¨a] O;k[;ku¨a] çn'kZu¨a] gSaMvkmV~l] lgHkkfx;¨a }kjk
O;kogkfjd f'k{k.k ds fy, vkilh ckrphr okyk xfrfof/k;¨a vkSj ns'k vkSj ckgj ds fofHké Hkkx¨a
ls lo¨ZRre çFkkvksa dk mi;¨x 'kkfey gksxkA lkFk gh] izfrHkkfx;ksaa }kjk ikB~;Øe ls tqM+k ,d
ewY;kadu t¨ çf'k{k.k ds y{;¨a ¼vkjaHk esa ifjHkkf"kr½ ls tqM+k g¨rk gS] Hkh 'kkfey g¨xkA
çf'k{k.k dh j.kuhfr
59MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
contentsvkxs i<+us ds fy,
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk% vk'kk ds fy, i<+us dh lkeXkzh( ¼jk"Vªh; Xkzkeh.k LokLF; fe'ku] Hkkjr½
ekfld /keZ ij v/;k;kssa ds lkFk vaXkzsth esa lalk/ku( ekfld /keZ ds n©jku yM+dh ftu leL;kvksa dk lkeuk dj ldrh gS( ekfld /keZ LoPNrk dk mi;¨x vkSj lSfuVjh uSifdu dk fuiVku( ekfld /keZ LoPNrk d¨ c<+kok nsus ds fy, vkSj xfrfof/k;k¡A http://nhsrcindia.org/pdf_files/resources_thematic/Community_Participation/NHSRC_Contribution/Menstrual_Hygiene_Material/Menstrual_Hygiene_Reading_Material_for_ASHA_english.pdf
ljy rF;¨a d¨ lk>k djuk% ekfld /keZ ds LokLF; vkSj LoPNrk ds ckjs esa mi;¨xh tkudkjh ¼;wfulsQ Hkkjr 2008½
lkekU; rjhdk ls c<+us ds v/;k;ksa ds lkFk vaXkzsth esa lalk/ku] ekfld /keZ ls fuiVuk( ekfld /keZ dk çca/ku( uSifduksa dk fuiVku( vkSj ,pvkÃoh ,M~l ds ckjs esa rF;A
http://www.indiasanitationportal.org/sites/default/files/MHM_Book.pdf
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ek;us j[krh gS% nqfu;k Hkj esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk esa lq/kkj ds fy, ,d lalk/ku ¼okVj,sM] 2012½A
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ij ekM~;wy vkSj midj.k fdVksa ds lkFk vaXkzsth esa lalk/ku( LoPNrk laj{k.k vkSj fuiVku lkeXkzh( ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ij leqnk;¨a ds lkFk dke djuk( ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ij Ldwy¨a ds lkFk dke djuk( vkikr fLFkfr;ksa esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk( fo'ks"k t:jr¨a ds lkFk efgyk,¡a vkSj yM+fd;k¡( dk;ZLFky esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk( vuqla/kku fuxjkuh vkSj iSjksdkjhA
http://www.wateraid.org/~/media/Files/Global/MHM%20files/Compiled_LR.ashx
blds vykok çf'k{k.k ekM~;wy lkeXkzhekfld /keZ LoPNrk ij vk'kk ds fy, çf'k{k.k ekM~;wy ¼jk"Vªh; Xkzkeh.k LokLF; fe'ku] Hkkjr½
vk'kk ds fy, egRoiw.kZ dk;¨Za ij vaXkzsth esa çf'k{k.k ekM;wy( ftLkesa layXud 2 vkSj layXud 5 esa vfrfjDr çf'k{k.k lkeXkzh gS tks çf'k{k.k vH;kl ,d Hkkx ds :i esa Hkwfedk dks crkrh gSa( ekfld /keZ dks le>uk( ekfld /keZ LoPNrk vkSj lSfuVjh uSifdu dk ç;¨x( y{; lewg ds lkFk lapkj( cgh [kkrkA
http://nhsrcindia.org/pdf_files/resources_thematic/Community_Participation/NHSRC_Contribution/Menstrual_Hygiene_
Material/Training_Module_for_ASHA_on_Menstrual_Hygiene_english.pdf
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ij vaXkzsth esa çf'k{k.k ekM~;wy% çf'k{kd xkbM+ ¼,LVªkt+sus dk ;qok LokLF; dk;ZØe@IySu bafM;k½
ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ij vaXkzsth esa çf'k{k.k ekM~;wy% çf'k{kd xkbM+ ¼,LVªkt+susdk ;qok LokLF; dk;ZØe@IySu bafM;k½ dkSu vPNk çf'k{kd gS( blij ,d çf'k{k.k ekM~;wy( çf'k{kd ds fy, djus vkSj u djus ;ksX; ckrsa( lewg ppkZ dks vkxs c<+kus okyh xfrfof/k;k¡¡A
http://www.younghealthprogrammeyhp.com/_mshost2669695/content/pdf/plan-pdf/mentural-hygiene.pdf
60 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
igyk fnu
le; fo"k;&lkexzh l= vof/k rjhdk vkSj Ekk/;e
i<+us ds fy, lkexzh
09%00 iathdj.k 60 feuV
10%00 mn~?kkVu 1 30 feuV O;k[;ku
10%30 ijh{k.k iwoZ@vis{kk,¡ 15 feuV
10%45 pk; ds fy, vodk'k 15 feuV
11%00 ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku dh vko';drk] vo/kkj.kk vkSj ?kVd
2 165 feuV O;k[;ku vkSj fQYe 'k¨
f¶yi pkVZ] gSaM vkmV~l
13%45 n¨igj dk Hk¨tu 60 feuV
14%45 LokLF; vkSj ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ds chp dk laca/k
3 90 feuV O;k[;ku vkSj CySd c¨MZ
f¶yi pkVZ] ikoj IokbaV
16%15 pk; ds fy, vodk'k 15 feuV
16%30 efgyk] d¨ 'kfDr çnku djuk] viotZu] fodykaxrk] vkSj iq:’kksa dh Hkwfedk
4 40 feuV O;k[;ku vkSj CySd c¨MZ
f¶yi pkVZ] ikoj IokbaV
n`';&JO; lkeXkzhekfld /keZ LoPNrk% ekfld /keZ ds n©jku LoPNrk cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS ¼;wfulsQ bafM;k½ fgUnh esa 12 feuV dh n`'; lkeXkzh
;g n`'; lkeXkzh ,d N¨Vs lewg esa fn[kkus vkSj ;g le>us ds fy, fd vLoPN ekfld /keZ çFkkvksa ls fd'k¨fj;¨a vkSj efgykvksa esa çtuu ekxZ ds laØe.k gksus dh laEHkkouk dks crkus ds fy, fMtkbu dh xbZ gSA
http://www.healthphone.org/ammaji/menstrual-hygiene.htm
eS=h& fd'k¨fj;¨a d¨ ekfld /keZ LoPNrk ij tkx:d cukuk
,d Ldwy tSls cM+s lewg esa çf'k{k.k ekM~;wy iz;ksx esa ykus ij lykg ds fy, vaXkzsth esa LykbMA lalk/ku ij pkj ,fuesVsM ohfM;¨ gSA vaXkzsth esa mi'kh"kZd¨a ds lkFk rsyqxw esa ohfM;¨A
http://mythrispeaks.wordpress.com/the-module/.
vuqlwph
vkxs i<+us ds fy,
61MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
vuqlwph
le; fo"k;&lkexzh l= vof/k rjhdk vkSj Ekk/;e
i<+us ds fy, lkexzh
9%00 Ikgys fnu dk jhdSi
5 30 feuV
9%30 fofHké vk;q lewg¨a ¼u©toku¨a vkSj jt¨fuo`r efgykvks ½ ds fy, ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku
6 120 feuV O;k[;ku vkSj lewg esa ppkZ
11%30 pk; ds fy, vodk'k
10 feuV
11%40 fofHké Lrj¨a ds ij laLFkkxr O;oLFkk,¡
8 30 feuV fQYe 'k¨ vkSj jksy Iys
ljdkjh nLrkost+
12%10 n¨igj dk Hk¨tu 60 feuV
13%10 ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ij fofHké fgr/kkjd¨a dh Hkwfedk,¡ vkSj ftEesnkfj;k¡
10 60 feuV O;k[;ku ljdkjh nLrkost+
14%10 pk; ds fy, vodk'k
20 feuV
14%30 Ldwy¨a] vkaxuokM+h dsUnz¨a] lkoZtfud LFkku¨a vkSj dk;ZLFky¨a esa ekfld /keZ LoPNrk çca/ku ds fy, t+:jh lqfo/kk,¡
11 90 feuV psdfyLV
nwljk fnu
62 MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
le; fo"k;&lkexzh l= vof/k rjhdk vkSj Ekk/;e
i<+us ds fy, lkexzh
09%00 nwljs fnu dk jhdSi
12 30 feuV
09%30 lSusVjh uSifdu¨a dk lqjf{kr fuiVku ¼tSls fd [kkn cukuk vkSj tyk dj HkLe djuk½
13 105 feuV O;k[;ku
11%15 pk; ds fy, vodk'k
15 feuV
11%30 13 tkjh gS 30 feuV
12%00 n¨igj dk Hk¨tu 60 feuV
13%00 çR;{k çf'k{k.k dkS”ky] lapkj dkS”ky vkSj utfj;s esa cnyko
14 120 feuV {ks= dk Hkze.k
15%00 pk; ds fy, vodk'k
15 feuV
15%15 14 tkjh gS 145 feuV
rhljk fnu
vuqlwph
63MCY;w,l,llhlh ,e,p,e eSU;wvy okW'k vkSj LokLF; is'ksoj
vuqlwph
le; fo"k;&lkexzh l= vof/k rjhdk vkSj Ekk/;e
i<+us ds fy, lkexzh
9%00 rhljs fnu dk jhdSi 15 30 feuV lkewfgd xfrfof/k
09%30 leqnk; dh Hkkxhnkjh dh fofHké i)fr;k¡ vkSj muds ç;¨x
16 90 feuV O;k[;ku] j¨y Iys vkSj lQyrk dh dgkfu;k¡
lh,yVh,l vkSj Dykl gSaMcqd
11%00 pk; ds fy, vodk'k 30 feuV
11%30 O;ogkj esa cnyko vkSj tkudkjh] f'k{kk vkSj lapkj lacaf/k midj.kksa dk ç;¨x
17 90 feuV
13%00 n¨igj dk Hk¨tu 60 feuV
14%00 ewyHkwr deZpkfj;¨a ;k is'ksoj¨a ds fy, ekfld /keZ LoPNrk izca/ku ¼,e,p,e½ dh fuxjkuh vkSj çf'k{k.k ;¨tukvksa dh rS;kjh
18 180 feuV
15%30 pk; ds fy, vodk'k
15%45 18 tkjh gS 90 feuV
p©Fkk fnu
le; fo"k;&lkexzh l= vof/k rjhdk vkSj Ekk/;e
i<+us ds fy, lkexzh
09%00 p©Fks fnu dk jhdSi
19 30 feuV
09%30 çfrHkkfx;¨a }kjk çLrqfr;k¡
20 240 feuV
13%30 n¨igj dk Hk¨tu 60 feuV
14%30 loky vkSj tokc l=
22 60 feuV lewg vH;kl
15%30 pk; ds fy, vodk'k
15 feuV
15%45 fonkà 23
ik¡pok fnu
ty vkiwfrZ ,oa LoPNrk lg;ksx ifj"kn~15 fpfeau yqÃl MwusUV 1202 ftusok fLoVtjySaM
nwjHkk’k $41 22 560 8181 QSDl $41 22 560 8184 www.wsscc.org [email protected]