Eimarm Abu Hanifah အိမာမ္ႀကီး အဘူဟနီဖဟ္

8/14/2019 Eimarm Abu Hanifah

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wref awmf jrwf rdef h awmf rlonf rS m t&S if jrwf u aumif ;pm;apvk dol uk d'D;ef \ zd u[f (tod ) csD ;jrif Uawmf rlonf/

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tpvmrD zd u[f uk dyxrOD ;qk H ; pepf wusyk H pHcscJ Uol rS m t[f avpG Eof 0vf *srmtof rStd rmrf ttf ZG rf tAl [eD z[f Ek tf rmef ()yif jzpfonf/ td rmrf BuD ; OD ;aqmif [ezD zd u[f uk dxk wf EI wf pD pOf&mrS m uk&f tmef ES if U pG Eof awmf \ vif ;a&mif jcnf rS jzpf aMumif;ukd[Z&of armfvm r[f rl'Gvf [pef *ef *k d [D? [Z&of armfvmem tef 0&f&S m;[f u&S f rD7D? [Z&of armfvmem &S AfAD&f t[f r'f tk pf rmeD? [Z&ofI d ifcGvf ['D ;qf armfvmem Zu&D ,m? [Z&of armfvmem [kpkd ifef t[f r'f r'eD

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aumuf EI wf a&; om;cJh ygonf/ t[favpGEof 0vf *srmtof twG uf tusKd ;jyK pmaywpf&yf tjzpf tv m[f t&S if jyKawmf rl ygap/ (tmrD ;ef )


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zcif trnf onf pmApfof? 'g'g\trnf rS m ZloG DtcsKd Uu r&fZk Amef ES if h rm[f [l vnf ; tqk d jyKMuonf/ Nrd KUrsuf ES mzk H ; yk *d Kvf uk dr&fZk Amef [k tD&meDa0g[m&wG ifokH;EIH;onf zm&pDpmaywGif r[f qkdonfrSm av;pm;xkdufaom

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touf av;q,f jynf h ES pf wG if om;awmf Ek tf rmef uk dzG m;jrifonf/ cvD z[f BuD ;onf

bkd;awmf\ rdom;pktwGuf 'kdtmawmif;qkrsm; csD;jrihfawmfrlcJh td rmrf BuD;tzk d Yvnf ; tcsD ;tES D ;rjzpfcJ hxGef ;awmufatmif jrif rI rsm;uk d&&S dcJ honf / tAf'Gvfrvpfufbk&if pkd;pHpOfumv [pf*sf&D(80) c&pf(699)wG

td rmrf BuD;zG m;jrifonf / tAf'Gvf rvpf uf 0vD ;'fAifef tAf'Gvf rvpf uf pkvk d if rmef Aifef tAf 'Gvfrvpfuf xkdYaemuf pkvkdifrmef\ usmusmhom; tk r&f Aifef tAf'Gvf tZD ;Zfonf [pf *sf&D (99)wG if ck dvzmat&m&S d'D ;ef uJ hok d Y tk yfcsKyfcG ih f


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&&S d avonf / xk d tcgu td rmrf BuD ;onf tk r&f pmeD['D ;qf rsm; pk aqmif ;onh f umvuk d qk H pnf ;cG ih f &&S donf/

td rmrfBuD ;onf touf (20)wG if ynma&;uk d txl ;*k pk d ufcJ honf/

pwk w cvD z[f \ aejynf awmful z[f'k wd , cvD z[facwf wG if aemif rG wf pfvifrf rsm;jym;vmrI aMumif hul z[f \

o&f AD ,of (wk d;wuf rI )twG uf yk d rkd *k pk d uf rlcJ honf / xk d pOf u ru[f r'De[f wG if'k wd ,cvDz[f ES ih f tAf'Gvm[f tdAf Ek tAmpf wk d Y u zd u[f \ tajccH rl rsm;uk d

ykd YcsouJ hokd Y ul z[fNrd KUwG if [Z&oftvDES ihf tAf'Gvm[f td Af Ek ryfpf tl 'fwk d Yu zd u[f tajccH rl rsm;uk d csrS wf yk d Y csMuavonf/

xkdYjyif ulz[fwGif qG[mA[frsm;teufrS pt'ftpfAfEktAD0umpf? tAlrlqmt&Sf t&D? [kZk d if z[f ? pvf rmef? trm&f? tAf'Gvm[f tpf Af Ek tADatmif zm? tAf'Gv m[f tpf Af Ek [m&d pfy ponf haxmif ausmf aom qG [mA[f rsm; aexk d if Muonf/

td rmrf BuD ;\ ynma&; ul z[f \ td rmrf wpf yg;jzpfol &S tf AD \ wk d uf wGef ;rI aMumih f ukefonf \om;

td rmrf qyf onf ['D ;qf zd u[f ynm&yf rsm; qnf ;yl ;a&;buf wG if tm;oefcJ honf/ aemuf yk d if ;wG if qG [mA[f rsm;teuf rStd Af Ek tAD atmif zm tAf'Gvm[f td Af Ek tk Ek d if pf? teyf pf? 0gaqv[f? tmat&S [f Aifef aot*sf&'f? *smAd&f? rtf uvf y ponf wk d Y xH rS ['D;qf Mum;emcG ih f&&S dcJ honf/

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tdrmrfBuD;\ ynm&nfcRefrIaMumihf toGmomAdtDonf rdrdteD;okcsOf ;uyfcG ih f jyKcJ honf/ td rmrf qyf BuD ;onf vnf ; ru [f Nrd KUawmf a&muf wk d if ; toG mxHcpm;avh&Sdonf/

tdrmrfqyfBuD;\ omAdtDq&mawmfrsm;rSm &StfZD;tpfAf&m[Drf [rm'f tdAf Ekpkvkd if rmef? tAl tpvmrf pAf tD? umpif rf td AfEk rk [r'f? tAf'Gvm[f


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td Af Ek'Dem&f? tr&ftd Af Ek'Dem&f? uom'[f? emzd tf ? oG mtl pf? tpf uf&r[f? toG m? [pefAyfqGf&D? pkvkdifrmef? tdAfEkr[f&mef (ttfr&Sf) tmpGifrftdAfE tAf'Gvfu&Drf tdAfEktkrkdif,[f? ItfA[f a[&SmrftfpfAfEltk&f0[f? atm td Af Ek tAf'Gvm[f? rk [m&pf Af? prmuftd AfEk[&f Af pvr[f td AfEk uk [k d ifvf A emH R wkd YjzpfMuonf/

wref awmfjrwf (r) \ BudKwifowif ; wpf aeY [Z&of pvf rmef zm&pD (t)\ yck H ;ay:vuf wif wref awmf jrwf (r)

rdefY awmf rl onfrSm tu,f tD rmefonf pkkd if ,m azsmuf qdwf Mu,fyif&S dvQif'D yk *d Kvf ES ih fouf qk d if aom zm&d pfom;u oG m;a&mufqG wfcl ;&,l rnf jzpfonf/ ['D ;qf awmf vm&S d aom yk *d Kvf qk dol rS m td rmrf tAl [eD z[f omjzpf aMumif ;

tdrmrf qyfom a&S;usol (['D;qfawmfESihfeD;pyfqkH;)jzpfaMum tmvifrfrsm;twnfjyKMuayonf/

tdrmrfBuD;onf wrefawmfjrwf(r)\ rktf*sdZ[frsm;teufrS (uk&f tmef \aemuf ) rktf *sdZ[f? u&mrof wpf yg;jzpf aMumif ; td rmrfoG [m0Du aumufcsuf jyKxm;ayonf/

zd u[fyxr'kwd ,acwf]yxracwf} ]yxracwf} ]yxracwf} ]yxracwf} ]yxracwf} wref awmf jrwf (r)ouf awmf xif &S m;pOfuk&f tmefrS['D qf jzif h

tus,f jyef Oya'rsm; xk wf EI wf >ruf Mum;awmf rlonf/]'kwd,acwf} ]'kwd,acwf} ]'kwd,acwf} ]'kwd,acwf} ]'kwd,acwf} tqih f jrih f qG [mA[f (cvD z[f BuD ;av;yg;)ES ih f ouf qk d if aom

zd u[f /]wwd,acwf} ]wwd,acwf} ]wwd,acwf} ]wwd,acwf} ]wwd,acwf} omref qG [mA[f ESihftqih f jrihfomAd tDef rsm;\ zd u[f

(yxr&mpk ES ih f 'k wd ,&mpkqef ;yk d if;umvwk d if)

tdrmrf BuD ;\ q&m&if ; [Z&of [rm'f? if ;\q&m? tpf Af&m[D rfectDif ;\q&m tvf ur[f ?

if ;\q&m awmfrSm tAf'Gvm[f Aifef rwf pf tl ;'f (t)jzpfonf/ td rmrf BuD ;onf [Z&of [rm'f xH(18)ES pf wk difcpm;um zd u[f ynmuk d

qnf ;yl ;cJ h &mrS m q&mh tMunf nd KcHtqih f uk d&&S dcJ h avonf / q&m[rm'fonf


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zcifc&D ;rS jyefvm&if rnf olUuk d OD ;pGmMunh fcsif EI wfqufcsifovJ [k [rm'f \om;u ar;&m [rm'focif u jzpf Ek d if&if if ;uk d rsuf pd a&S Uuyif vk H ;0 rcG mvk d aMumif; ajzMum;vsuftAl [eD z[f ocif tm; &nf nTef;jyavonf/

zdu[fbufvS nfU&onf UtaMumif ; wpf aeY qk d if wG if aps;a&mif ;aepOftrsKd;orD ;wpf OD ;u [k d ifZf ES ih f oGvmuf

ryf pf tv[f rsm;uk dvmar;&m ocif BuD ;rS m rajzEk d if &S uf aoG ;jzmoG m;avonf/ xkdtcsdefrSp q&mawmf[rm'f xHcpm;um q&m\ otfvDrfykdYcs&mwoif ,l qnf ;yl ;avonf /

trsKd ;orD ;ES pfOD ;u usKyf uk d zuD;[f? tmApf'f jzpf atmif zef wD;cJ h w,f/ usKyfvrf;avQmuf oGm;ae&m trsKd;orD;wpfOD;u wpkHw&mukd nTefoem;aomtm;jzih f aumuf ,l ay;urf ;rnf tjyKwG if ol ru 'D yp nf ;uk dwk d waood rf ;qnf ;xm;yg wpf ES pf twG if ; yk d if&S if ay:vmygu tyf ES Hvk d uf yg[kajymavonf/

okdYyif wpfaeYvrf;avQmufoGm;ae&m trsKd;orD;wpfOD;u rd tazmf rsm;tm; ok d Y ajymaew,f/ 'D yk *d Kvf bJ td rmrf tAl [eD z[f qk d wm? td&S m&J U 0kZleJ Y z*s&f zwf avh&S d w,f / xk d tcsdef rS p vl wk d Y &J U xif jrif ,l qcsuf twk d if ; ok d Y yif td Am'of jyK&efqk H;jzwfvk d ufygw,f [k tdrmrfBuD ;u wif jyavonf /

wpfaeY tdrmrftAl,lpGzfu rdrdq&mtm; ar;jref;onfrSm tdvfrf bmom&yf rsm;pG m &S d aomfvnf ; zd u[f uk dtb,f aMumih f OD ;pm;ay; a&G ;cs,fcJ hovJ/ td rmrf BuD ;u tjcm;bmom&yfawG rS m csufcsif ;trvf rjyKEk dif/ zd u[f jzih fom usih f aqmifenf ; tppf trS ef uk dodEk d if w,f / 'gaMumih f vuf iif ;tusKd ;cH pm;&Ekd if rJ h zdu[fukda&G;cs,fvkdufw,f/ tajzaMumihf ocifBuD;onf bmom pkHukd avhvmqnf ;yl ;NyD ;jzpf aMumif ; odomxif&S m;avonf/

zd u[f qk donf? zd u[f\ tbd "mef t"d ym,frSm wpf pk H wpfck uk dodjcif ;? zuD ;[f qkdonf rS m

zdu[f bmom &yfukd uRrf;usifum zdu[ft&nftaoG; xif&Sm;NyD;


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zdu[f pd wf "mwfvT rf;rk d;aeol uk dac:onf/ wrefawmfjrwf(r)acwf\ zdu[fwm0ef,lcJhaom qG[mA[frsm;rSm

cvD z[f BuD ;av;yg;? td Af Ek ryf pf tl 'f? tAf'G&f&[f rmef Aifef atmzf? tk Ak d if ,f td Af Ek utAf ? tr m&f? [kZk d if z[f ? pvf rmef zm&f pD? tAl rl qmt&S f t&D? Zk d if'f AifefpmApfof? tAG'f'&f'g

enI A VR wk d Yjzpfonf / ulz[fNrdKU\ tBuD;qkH; zuD[GvftGrofonf tAf'Gvm[ftdAfEk

ryfpftl'fjzpfonf/ if;xHaeYpOf (74)yg;qnf;yl;Muonf/ tqkdwpf&yfwGif

wynh f aygif ; (4000)&S d aMumif ; od&onf/ zdu[f \ wwd ,acwf rG zfoD rsm; r'De[f&SdzuD [f rsm;

rdcif rGef tmat&S[f ( g )ocif r tAf'Gvm[ftdAfEk tk r&f? tAl[kk dif&[f? ptD'ftd Af EGvf rk pk d if,pf AfomAdtD[d *sf&D -94)wG if uG ,f vGef? (if ;\ a,muxD ; tAl [kk d if&[f xH rSqih f jyefonf/ tG&f 0[f td Af EkZk Ak d if&f(ta': tmat&S [f ( g )ocif rxH rS qihfjyefonf/) (94)wGif uG,fvGef? tblbu&f tdAfEktAf'k&f&[frmef rcfZl rD (94)wG if uG ,f vGef? tvDZk d if EGvf tmAd'D ;ef (94)wG if uG ,f vGef? tk Ak d if'Gvm[f td Af Ek tAf'Gv m[f td Af EktGof A[f (98)wG if uG ,f vGef? pmvif rf td Af EktAf'Gv m[f ('kwd,cvDz[f\ ajr;) pkvkdifrmef tdAfEk,pm&f? rdcifrGef rkdifrle[f\ rkumoAfuRefjzpfonf/(107)wGif uG,fvGef? umpifrf tdAfEkrk[r'f (yxrcvD z[f \ ajr;) (106)wG if uG ,f vGef? emzd tf (tAf'Gvm[f td Af Ek tk r&f xH ESpf(20) aexkdifonf/) (117)wGif uG,fvGef? rk[r'ftdAfEkrGwfpfvifrf(0g) td Af Ek a&S [mAfZG[f&D(124)wG if uG ,f vGef? tAl *stfz&f rk [r'f Amu&f(114)wG if uG,fvGef? tAGZfZdem'f tAf'Gvm[f tdAfEkZyfuf0gef (130)wGif uG,fv ,[f ,mtd Af Ek ptD'f tef qG m&D(143)wG if uG ,f vGef? &AD t[f Aifef z&fk dcf(136)wG if uG ,fvGef? ru[f&SdzuD [f rsm;

[Z&of tAf'Gvm[ftdAfEktAmpf? rk*sm[pf'f(103)wGif uG,fvGe tpfu&r[f (107)wG if uG ,f vGef? toG mAifeftADk Am[f (114)wGif uG ,fvGef? tAGZfZk Ak d if&f rk [r'f tdAf EkrGwf pfvif rf(128) wG if uG ,f vGef?


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Ayf pf&[f \ rG zfoD rsm; [Z&of teyf pf Aifef rmvpf uf? tAGvf tmvd ,[f &zD tf (90)wG if uG ,fvGef?

[pef tdAfEl ,pm&f (110)wG if uG ,f vGef? tAG&S f&tf pm*smAd&f td Af EkZk d if'f (93)wGif uG ,f vGef? rk [r'f td Af Ek pD&Def (td yf ruf oabmuRrf ;usifol ) (110)wG if uG ,f vGef? uom'[f p'lrD(118)wG if uG ,f vGef&Smrf (qD;&D ;,m;)\ rGzfoD rsm;

[Z&of tAf'G&f&[frmeftdAfEk*erf? tAltd'f&D;pfacgifvmeD tmatZGvm[f (80)wG if uG ,f vGef? uAD pG [f td AfEkZk 0d k ifAf?(81)wG if uG ,f vGef? ryf uf [l vf(113)wGif uG ,f vGef? &*sm(112) wG if uG ,f vGef? [Z&of tkr&f tdAfEktAf'GvftZDZf rd pf&f (tD *spf )\ rG zfoDrsm;

[Z&of tAf'Gvm[f td Af Ek tr&f td Af aetmpG f? tAG&fck d if&f rG&f&S pf'f (90) wG if uG ,f vGef? ,ZD ;'ftd Af Ek tAD [AD Af(128)wG if uG ,fvGef ,ref \ rG zfoD rsm;

omtl pf td Af Ek uk d if pm&f (106)wG if uG ,f vGef? 0[Af td Af Ek rkeAf A[f (114)wG if uG ,f vGef? ,[f ,mtd Af EktAD upD&f(129)wGifuG ,f vGef/ ul z[f \ rG zfoD rsm;

tvfur[f(62)wGif uG,fvGef? ryfpfluf(63)wGif uG,fvGef?SLk d if [f tdAf Ek [m&d p (78) wG if uG ,f vGef? tkAkd if'[f rk&m'D (92)wG if uG ,f vGef?

tyfpf0g'f(95)wGif uG,fvGef? ptD'ftdAfEk*sKA&f(95) wGif uG,fv tmrd&fI td AD(104)wG if uG ,f vGef? tpf A&m[D rf ectD (95)wGifuG ,f vGef/

qG [mA[f rsm;onf jynhf pkH wd uspGm ykd Ycsusuf rSwfxm;apvk daomaMumif h txl;ojzihf rdrdolaumif;jyKxm;aom uRef rsm; rdrdvuf 0,f BuD ;jyif ;vmaom uav;rsm;ukd uk&ftmef['D;qf? oifay;Muonf/ Oyrm tdAfEktAmpf\ armif 0fvm(uRef )u tpf uf&r[f? td Af Ek tk r&f\ uRefonf emzdtf? [Z&of teyf pf \ armif 0fvmonf td Af Ek pD&D ;ef? tAl [kk d if&[f \&m0Donf tAf'G&f&[f rmef Aifef [G&f rGZfif ;wk d Y onf t*sf rD armif 0fvmrsm;jzpf aomfvnf ; ynmt&S def t0gaMumih f


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tvGef ausmfMum;cJ honf/

0g'uGJjym;rI yxrcvD acwf wG if tD&wf? &S mrfok d Y vnf ;aumif ;? 'k wd ,cvD z[f acwf wG if

tD *spf? ul z[f ? Ayf pf&[fok d Y vnf ;aumif ;? tpvmrf ysH UES H Y oG m;cJ honf/ wwd,cvDz[fonf [pf*sf&D (35)wGif &S[D'fjzpfcH&avonf/

xk d Y aemuf ykd if ;wG if tk yfcsKyf a&; rl0g'uG J jym;onh f tpOf tvmpwifcJ h avonf / ap,mpof (Ekd if iH a&;&m0g') uG J jym;rI aMumih f xkd tcsdef uyif tk yf pkok H;pk

ay:xGef ;cJ h avonf/ wwd,cvDz[fukd rvkdvm;ojzihf pwkwcvDz[fvufay:

Ak d iftof jyKMuouJ hok d Y wwd ,cvD z[f uk dvk yf BuHol tcsKd Uu trD&f rk tm0d,[f ES ih f yl ;aygif ;oG m;onf/

okdYjzihf (1) trD&frktm0d,[f\ pkd;pHrIukdvufcHonhftkyfpk/ (2 pwk wcvD z[f \om;pOfajr;quf uk domvufcHonf h(&0gzdZf )tk yf pk/ (3) wwd ,? pwk wcvD z[f ESih f trD&f rk tm0d ,[f ok H ;OD ;vk H ;uk d rkef ;wD;aom (c0g&d *sf )tk yf pk? tk yfcsKyf a&; (ap,mpof) u@wG if uG J jym;aomfvnf ; rnf ol Uuk d rQ zmppf uf? umzpf&f [l qG [mA[f wk d Y ac:a0:ork wf Mujcif ;r&S d Muay/ ok d Y &mwG if tk yf pk uG J atmifcavmuf qef aom rkemzpf uf rsm;urlacwf wk d if ;wGifyk H pH trsKd ;rsKd ES ih f &S d MupNrJ yif/

&0gzdZfonf pwk wcvD z[f \ om;pOf ajr;quf wk d Y \ tqk d rS ty tjcm;ol uk d&ef nd K;xm; MuaomaMumih f tjcm;ol wk dY \ tqk d uk dvuf rcH Muay/ cdvmzof ES ih f

xk d ufolrS m pwk wcvD z[f omjzpf aMumif ;uk dvnf ; vuf cH xm;Muojzih f yxr'k wd , cvD z[f rsm;uk d Zmvifrf[k,l qxm; Muonf/ od k Y jzih f &0gzdZf \

tqk drsm;ukd yif vuf rcH Ek dif awmh ay/c0g&d *sf wk d Y onf pwk wcvD z[f ES ih f yl ;aygif ;vI H Y aqmf um trD&f rk tm0d ,[f ES ih f

qpfzDefppfukd jzpfapcJhonf/ wzef tvDocifukdyif ykefuefNyD; td Af Ek rGvf *sifrfvufcsufjzih f vk yf BuHvkd ufMuonf/ if ;wk d Y onf cdvmzof uk d tjcm;trsKd;om;rsm;vnf; &oihfaMumif; tqkdukd qefYusifolonf zmppfufjzpfaMumif; umzd&fukd owfcGifh&SdouJhokdY zmppfuok wfoifcG ih f&S d aMumif ; 0g'uk d qG Juk difxm;Mu\/


10/93

10

ok d Y jyif ;xef aom 0g'aMumih f if ;wk d Y qih f jyef aom yxr? 'k wd ,? cvD z[f \ tqkdukdyif rk['f'dpfrsm; vufrcHEkdifMuay/ c0g&d*sfonf tkdr0Dacwf tAmpD acwftpyd k if ;om &S dcJ h Muonf/

td rmrfttfZrf\tdyfruf wpfntdyfrufwGif wrefawmfjrwf(r)\ uA&fukd NzdK cEmukd,f

tykdif;tqrsm;ukd pkpnf;aeaMumif; awGU&\/ reufusawmh xdwfvefYNy pd wf av;vH aeawmh \/ pmyk d Ycs&mok dY yif ra&muf Ek difawmh ay/ ok d Y ESih f wynh f rsm;u

q&muk d Munh f NyD; yl qmMuojzih f td yf ruf uk d wif jyavonf / wynhfrsm;u ajzMuonfrSm t&SifjrwfxHrS xl;uJrIwpfpkHwpf&m

csD ;jrihf&ef&S d ygvdrh f r,f [k ajymqk d NyD ; td yf ruf \ td rmrf jzpf aom td Af Ek pD&Deftm; ac:vmMur,f[k ajymMu\/ tdrmrfBuD ;u r[kwfao;bl;/ igukd ,f wkdifbJoG m;oih f aMumif ; ajymqkdvsuf rufawmfrlonf/) wrefawmfjrwf(r)u rdefY>rufawmfrlonf/) wrefawmfjrwf(r)u rdefY>rufawmfrlonf/) wrefawmfjrwf(r)u rdefY>rufawmfrlonf/) wrefawmfjrwf(r)u rdefY>rufawmfrlonf/) xkdpOfu ap,mpof 0g'uGJjym; tmPmvkaecsdefwGif tkdvrmESihf

atmif0fvd,m ESpftkyfpku ypnf;Opm MoZmtmPm? *kPfodumE rd rd wk d YbmrQrouf qk d if? 'D;ef ukdom xdef ;od rf ; a&;twG uf touf &S if aeaMumif ;cH,l xm;Muavonf/

ocifBuD;onf [*sftBudrfaygif; (55)BudrfjyKum [Z&of tkr&f tdAfEktAmpfESihftdAfEktk r&f \ &d 0g,of rsm;ukdtoG mocif? emzd tfocif ?


11/93

11

td rmrf Amu&f? td rmrf *stfz&f qG m'pf ufwk d YxHcpm;um ynmqnf ;yl;cJ honf/ tdrmrfrmvpfuf&Sd&m r'De[fNrdKUawmfokd Y oG m;vsif td rmrf rmvpfufxH

wynfhwpfOD;yrm kdaopGmxkdif ['D;qfawmfrsm;ukd Mum;emavh td rmrf rmvpf uf \ touf onf tdrmrfBuD ;ES if h (13)ES pf yif touf i,f onf/

q&mawmf \ ukd ,f pm;qufcH jcif ; q&m[rm'f\om;onf ['D;qfzdu[fxuf t&ADbmom&yfbufukd

tm;oefonf/ q&mawmfuG,fvGefoGm;aomtcg rlqmAifefupD&fu&uf tenf ;i,f yk d Y csonf/ if ;vnf ; [*sf ok d Y xG uf aomtcg q&mawmf [r m'f \ae&m

quf cH&eftm;vk H ;u wk d uf wGef ;aomfvnf ; td rmrfBuD ;u vuf cH&ef qEr&S day/ aemuf qk H ; cuf cJ pG myiftwnf jyKvufcHvk d uf avonf /

yxrykdif; q&mawmf [rm'f\ wynhfrsm;yif vmMuaomfvnf;&uf twef Mumvmaomftjcm;ynma&;Xmeu wynh f rsm;yif0ifvmrpJ jzpf aeojzih f

rdrdwkdY ynmykdYcsonhf tpDtpOfukd ydwfypfNyD; q&mrsm;yif tdrcpm;vmMuonf/ tjcm;NrdKUrsm;uvnf ; qnf ;yl ;ol rsm; 0if a&mufvmMu\/

td rmrf ttf Zrf\ rdcif zcif rS m i,f &G ,f pOf rS yif uG ,f vGefcJ h \/ rd cifonf ouf&G ,f BuD ;&if honf h wk d if

touf xif&Sm;cJh\/ tjcm;trsKd;orD;rsm;yrm rdcifonfvnf; rMumcPZa0Z0gjzpf wwf\/ pd wf a[mif aewwfojzihftd rmrf BuD ;rSm 'kuawG U&\/ok d Y aomfvnf ; &,f &T if pG myifrsKdod yfavh&Sdonf/ wpfcGef ; wyg'rQ jypfwif pum;

wk H Y jyef avh r&S donh f tjyif if;&S if aeoa&G U 0wfBuD ;0wf i,f jyKpk avonf / 'kd tmrsm;&,l ykd uf axG ;avh&S donf/

rdcifonf ul z[f Nrd KU\ ausmf Mum;aom 0tfZf a[mMum;oltr&f AifefZ&f uk d tvGef Munf ndKav;pm;\/ ryf pftv[f wpf&yf ES ih f pyfvsOf ; ra0cG J Ek d if vsif if ;xHok d Y td rmrf BuD ;tm; apvT wf avh&S donf/ if ;uoG m;a&muf ar;jref ; aomtcg w&m;a[mq&mrS m &S uf wpf rsKd ; usKd ;iJ h? csKd ;ES d rf wpf zk H? uRef awmftd rmrf BuD ;a&S U? b,f vk d yg;pyf zG ih f Ek d if rS mvJ [k ajzMum;ojzih f td rmrf BuD ;u r[k wf bl ;/ uREk f yf rdcif&J U trdef Y ukd emcH&rSm usKyf&JU wm0ef jzpf ygw,f [k ajymjyef \/ if;u ok d Y


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13/93

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ajymvsiftaxmuf txm;jy a&Tjzpf aMumif ; &S if ;jyEk d ifonf[k wif jy\/ xk d Y aemufol awmf pif wpf yg; a&mufvmjyef&m td rmrf qyf u yxryk HpH uk d

rusih fok H ;? ok d Y aomfwk d waoawmhquf qHvk d uf \/ if ;xjyef aomtcg yk *d Kvf rS m pG zf,mef apmif&D jzpfonf [k rdef Y avonf /

q&mawmf axmif ausmf ES ih f awG Uqk HcG ih f&cJ h aom tAf'Gv m[f td Af Ek rk Am&yf uf u uREk f yf tm; td rmrf BuD ; tAl [eD z[f ES ih f pG zf ,mef apmif&D wk d Y u apmif r az;rrI rjyKcJ hvsifvlomref b0jzih fom ouf wrf ;ukef qkH ;&ayrnf [k ajymMum;avonf/

twif ;tzsif;rSa&Smif MuOf jcif ; yk *d Kvfwpf OD ;u td rmrf BuD ;tm; twif ;ajymwm b,f awmh rS rMum;yg[k

ajym&m pG zf ,mef apmif&D ()u tAl [eDz[fonf tvd rm? tod mPfuif ;rJ hol r[k wf yg/ if ;onf twif ; *k dem[f usL;vGef NyD ; uk d ,f usih f BuHcJ hwJ h trvf rsm;uk d zsuf qD ;ol r[k wfyg[kajymavonf/

tdrmrf BuD ;onf uprf usdef jcif ;uk d taumif ;rjrif yg/ rvk d tyf bJ uprf usdefrdygu 'd&f[rftojym wpfjym; 'Pfaqmifrnf[k rdrdtwGufowf rS wf qk H ;jzwfcJ honf/ wpf aeY arh avsmhrd uprf usdef rd \/ ,ck awmh'd&f [rf tpm;'Dem&fa&T'*F g;wpf jym; 'Pf aMu;ay;&efowf rS wf avawmhonf/

vlawGuawmh tdrmrfBuD;tay: tjypftqkd;wifonhf pum;rsm;om ajymaeMuw,f/ ok d Y aomftd rmrf BuD ;rS,aeY wk d if rnfol Uuk d rQ raumif ;jyef ajymwm rMum;rd yg[kwpf OD ;u ar;jref ;&m td rmrf BuD ;u 'gvJ t&S if jrwf&J U toem;awmf bJ'D*kdem[frS 'DEIwfvQmukd oefYjyefYatmifxm;awmf rlwm t&Sifj

aus;Zl ;wif aeygw,f [k ajzMum;avonf/

&0gzdZf tkyfpkuGJrsm;ay:vmykH ajr;awmf [k pk d ifef &S [D'f jzpfoGm;aomtcg &0gzdZfrS wpf tk yf pk u pwk wcvD z[f \ tjcm; td rf axmif rS&&S d aom om;BuD ;onf cdvmzof ES ih f xk d uf aMumif ;

vufcH Mu\/ if ;buf rSrGcfom&ftd Af Ek tk AJ'f puzD u tk r0D rif ;ES ih f td Af EkZk Ak d if&f uk d ykefuefwkdufckduf\/ ,if;tkyfpku rkom;ajym jcif;onf tjypfrxkduf/ p0gAfyif&onf [k pwif jyXmef ;ol jzpfonf/ if;wkd Y ukduk d if pmeD ,[f [k ac:onf/&0gzdZf \ 'k wd ,tk yf pk url orD ;awmfzmaoG r[f\ EG,f quf ? tvDAifef [k pkd ifef


14/93

14

(Zk d if EGvf tmAd'D ;ef )uk dtd rmrf wif ajr muf Muonf/ xk d Y aemufif ;\om;ES pf yg;teuf rS rk[r'fAmu&fukd tdrmrfowfrSwfMuaomfvnf; aemufwpftkyfpku usefom;wpf OD ;jzpf aom Zk d if'fuk d td rmrfvufcHojzih f ,if ;tk yf pk uk d Zk dif'D ,[f yxrtk yf pk uk d td rmrD ,[f *stf z&D ,[f [k ac:wGifMuonf/

Zkdif'D,[fwkdYonf yxr? 'kwd, cvDz[fukd w&m;&Sdolrsm;[kvufcH Muaomfvnf; aemuf yk d if ;acgif ;aqmif jzpf xk d ufol rSm zmaoG r[f ocif r\om;pOfajr;qufrS t&nftcsif;&Sdolukd acgif;aqmifwiftyfaMumif;vufcH xm;Muonf/

tk r0Dacgif ;aqmifa[&S mrf Aifef tAf'Gvf rvpf uf tm; ykef uef wk d ufck d uf&mwG ifZk d if'f Aifef tvD buf rS *stf z&D ,[f wk d Y &yf wnfcJ h Mu\/ Zk d if'fusqk H ;aomtcg

if ;\om; ,[f ,mbuf rS&yf wnf jyef \/ if ;\aemuf rk [r'f ZuD ,[f onf a&S ;OD ;tAmpD rif ; ref ql &f uk d wk d ufck d uf&m wG ifvnf ; *stf z&D ,[frsm; yH h yk d;cJ h Mu\/

*stf z&f qG m'pf uf \ om;ES pf yg; rlqmumZGif rf? if ;tm;jzih f rl p0D ,[f ? aemuf wpf OD ;jzih f tp rmtDvD ,[fuk d wnf axmifonf/ tp rmtDvD ,[f wk d Y u tk Ak d if'Gvm[f uk d acgif ;aqmifwif zmoG d rD rif ;quf ukdwnf axmifonf/ yxr tk yf pk u rl qmumZG if rf uk dow rtd rmrfif ;\ om;pOf ajr;quf rSig;yg;uk dvnf ; td rmrfowf rS wf um td pfemt&S f&D ,[f [l ac:a0:Muonf/

*stfz&f qG m'pf uf xH *stf z&focifonf td rmrf BuD ;tm; vI d ufvS J pG m&yf c&D ;OD ;Bud KjyKojzih f wpf OD ;u

'D yk *d Kvfuk docifvnf ; od ygovm;[kar;jref ;&m ocif u rif ;vk dtod acgif ;yg; trkd uf aumif rsKd ; igrjrif bl ;yg/ 'Dvk d ar;&uf w,f/ rS wf xm; ol Utrnf u tAl [eD z[fjzpfw,f/ wk dif ;Ek d ifiH wpfckvk H ; &J U zuD[frG zfoD BuD; jzpf aMumif ; ajzMum;avonf/

okdYyif rlqmAifef*stfz&focifvnf; ,cifu tdrmrfBuD;ukd rjrif bl ;aomfvnf ; awG Uqk Honf ES ih f rS wf rd avonf / rnf ok d Y rS wf rd ygovJ [k ar;&mocif u uk &f tmef usrf ;vm tm,of awmf t& p*sf'[f trS wf tom;t& if ;wk d Y \

rsuf ES mrS m xif&S m;aernf [k qk donf/ wpf aeY Amu&focif ES ih f qk H awG U&m ,cif Mum;bl ;aom pum;rsm;aMumifh


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udomAGvf tmpm&f tdrmrfBuD;onf udomAGvftmpm&ftrnfjzihf zdu[ftcef;rsm;cGJ

['D;qfusrf; wpfaqmifjyKpkcJhonf/ tdrmrfBuD; taxmuftxm;taejzihf tok H ;jyKaom ['D ;qf usrf ;rsm; (17)apmif&S dcJ honf/ ti,f qk H ;usrf ;wpf aqmifonf pkeae&SmzdtD? ryfpfea'&SmzdtDxufyif BuD;rm; us,fjyefYaMu tvm[f r[f Zm[pf'f aumifp&D u wif jyonf/

aemufykdif;rk['f'dpfajrmufrsm;pGmonf udomAGvftmpm&f\ tzGih

enf;rsKd;pk H jzih f jyKpk Muonf/ [mzdZfZk d if EG'f'D;ef? [mzdZf [*s&f tyf pf uvmeDwk d Yu ,if ;usrf ;&S d &m0D rsm;\ uk d ,f a&;&mZ0if uk d tus,f zG ih f a&;om;Muonf/ ok d Y yif td rmrf BuD; qih f jyefaom ['D qf rsm;uk d ryfpfea'tAD [eD z[f

trnf jzih f tAletD rftyf pf z[meD[mzdZf td Af Ek tpmud&f? [mzdZf tAGvf tAmpf'l&D? [mzdZf td Af Ek t'D wk d Y toD ;oD ; jyKpk Muonf/ ,if ;ryf pfe'f aygif ;(20)cef Y uk dpk aygif ; tvm[f r[f td Af EkcGpf a&mif 0f u ]*smrd at rpmed'dvf td rmrfttfZrf} trnf jzihf pkaqmif ;cJ honf /

oyf ufvD'f qk donf rS m uk&ftmefESihf pGEofwGif tcsKdUynwfawmfonf xif&Sm; tcsK

wd usjywfom;rI r&S d rxif &S m;ay/ Oyrm qGvmof? aqmif rf? Zumof? [*sf z&yfZf jzpf jcif ; aZemtwk d ;ponf wk d Y rS m [&mrf jzpf jcif ; ynwf awmf tzk d Y td *sfod [m'foyfufvD'f rvk d ay/

'k wd ,trsKd ;tpm; ynwf awmf rS m tusOf ;jzpf oyf ufvD'fvk d tyf onf/ Oyrm oGvm;uf ay;jcif ;cH&aom trsKd ;orD ;rS m ]ukl tf } ok H ;ck xk d if&rnf/ ukl tf \ tbd "meft"d ym,f rS m [k d ifZf aMumihfroefY aom&moD[l vnf ;aumif ;? [k d ifZfrSoef Y aomumv[l vnf ;aumif ; jzpfonf/ ok d Y qk dvQifrnfonf h t"d ym,f uk d

usih fok H ;&rnfenf ;/ ajz&S if ;enf ;ESpfoG ,f &S donf / (1) OD ;aES muf uk dok H ; rd rd ynmuk dtm;uk d ;NyD ;

wpfzufukd a&G;cs,fowfrSwfjcif;? (2) rdrdynmukd tm;rukd;bJ rdrdwkdop m&S d tBuD ;tuJ rsm; ok dY jzpf&yf wG if rnfok d Y a&G ;cs,foenf ;/ twd wf umvrS

pd wfcs&aom rk *sfo[pf 'f tmvif rf wpf yg;uk d ,k H Munf NyD ; if ;\ tqk d twk d if;


17/93

17

vk d ufemjcif ; 'k wd ,enf ;uk d a&G ;cs,f jcif ;onf yif oyfufvD'f oyfufvD'f oyfufvD'f oyfufvD'f oyfufvD'f jzpfonf/ usKyf wk d Y \ td vf rf ES ih f oyf uf 0gonf a&S ;yk *d Kvf rsm;xufomonf [k ,l qol rS m

vl U irk d ufom; yif jzpfonf xk d Y aMumif h yxrenf ;vrf ;wG if vG J rS m;p&m&Sdojzih f tvGef pk d ;&d rf&onf/

xkdacwfu&SdcJhaom uk&ftmeftokdif;t0kdif;t& uk&ftmefpGE aemufcH taMumif ;uk d od&S doabmayguf&ef rS m vG ,f ul ayonf /

*kdem[fxlajymol\ pdwfESvkH; uk&ftmefpGEof\ av;eufrIrsm

yG ihfvif;rI r&S d ay/ uk&f tmef ['D qfuk d rSef uefpG m oabmayguf&eftdvf rf ES ihf twloyfuf 0gvnf;&S d&ayrnf/]]rodolrsm;u odolrsm;xH ar;jref;Muavmh}} [laom pl&[fe[fvf

tm,ofawmft& tmvifrfr[kwfolonf tmvifrfrsm;ukd ar;jref;NyD;rS aqmif&G uf&rnf jzpf aMumif; oyf ufvD'f uk d axmufcH xm;ayonf/

pl&[faepmwGif vm&Sdaom ]tkdvdvftrf&f}wkdY\ tdoGmtofjyK nTef jyxm;ayonf/ [Z&of td Af Ek tA mpf u tk dvdvf trf &f qk donf rS m tv m[f&plvf \ tdoG mtofenf ;vrf ;jzih f rk*sfo[pf'f tmvif rf \ trd ef Y emcH&onfjzpf aMumif ;

zGih fqkd xm;ayonf/ igwref awmf r&S donh f aemufyk *d Kvf ES pf OD ; (0g) tbl bu&f ES ih f tk r&f wk d Y \

aemufvkdufjyK? emcHMuavmh? (['D;qf) oifwkdYonf igwrefawmf\ aemufvk d uf jyKMuavmh? (0g) igwref awmfermZfuk daocsmusepG m Munf h Muavmh/ aemifvmaemifom;rsm;onfoif wk d Y \tEG H twmcH Murnf(['D ;qf ) qG [mA[f rsm;\oyf ufvD'f jyKMurnh f taMumif ; Bud Kwif rdef YacRawmfrlonf/

wpf aeY ovf [f ocif \ td [f &mrfonf tjzLa&mif r[k wf tk r&focif u ar;jref;&m ocifu qkd;aq;wGif tarT;tBudKifr&SdaMumif; ajzMum;\/ tk r&focif u toif wk d Y onf a&S Uaqmifvrf ;jyrsm;jzpfonf/ ynmrJ h rsm; toif wk d Y uk d Munhf oyf ufvD'f jyKMurnf/ om"u tm;jzihf ovf[muk d axmufjyrnf rS m;,G if ;rI rsm;jyef Y ES H Y oG m;Ek d ifonf/ ok d Y r0wf ygES ih f [k rdef Y Mum; avonf/ (rk tof oG m)

zd u[f uk d vufcHvma&; Bud K;yrf;cJ h yk H tkr0Drif;qufrsm;onf [pf*sf&D(132) c&pfou&mZf(779)wGif


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csKyf Nidrf ;oG m;onf/ [pf *sf&D (80)wG if td rmrf BuD ; arG ;zG m;onhf umvu if ;wk d Y \ tmPmonf us,fjyefYwkd;wuf vsuf&SdcJhonf/ urmY EkdifiH toD;oD;w tpvmrD tk yfcsKyf rI us,fjyef Y vmcJ honf /

tdrmrfBuD;onf ['D;qfESihftdvfrGvfuvmrfukd jynhf0uRrf;usifpGm qnf ;yl l ;NyD ;aemuf [d&S mrf Aifef tAf'Gvf rvpf uf tk r0Dtk yfcsKyfonf h umvwGif pd wfvuf MunfompG m zd u[f bmom &yf ukdaZmufcs pD pOf pk aqmif ;aecJ honf/ xk d umvwG if [ezD zd u[f pk aqmif ;aeonh f twG uf tk d r0D rif ;rsm; tk yfcsKyf pOf u [ezD zd u[f uk dqk H ;cef ;wk d if atmif rpk aqmif ;Ek d if ao;acs/ xk d Y tjyif td rmrfBuD ;onf tk yfcsKyfaom vlwef ;pm;aygif ;pk HrSuif ;&S if ;pG maexk d ifcJhonf/ omAdtDef tqih f&S d rk['f'dpf zuD[frsm;xH&orQ ynmrsm;ukd tGrofxHykdYaqmifa& tywfwukwfBudK;yrf;cJhojzihf txuf vTmESihf omrefyk*dKvfrsm;yvlwef;pm;aygif;pkHwkdYtay: tdrmrfBuD;\ ynmha&mifjcnfrsm; vTrvsuf&SdcJ hayonf/

tAf AGvf tAmpf tAf'Gvm[fpzm[fonf tAmpD rif ;rsm;teufyxrOD ;qk H ; bk&ifjzpfNyD; (4)ESpf tkyfcsKyfcGihf&&Sdonf/ if;uG,fvGefNyD;a aemif awmf tAl *stfz&fref pl&f[pf *sf&D (136) (754)wG if cvD z[f jzpfvmonf/

AEl tk rkd i f , [ f ( tk r0D) \ r i f ;om;wpfOD; tAf'k&f&[f rmef td Af Ek rk tm0D ,[f pmeDonf ykef ;vQKd ;vsuf tGef'vG pfe,fok d Y a&muf&S d um (2)ES pfcG Jwkd if tk yfcsKyfcG ih f&&S donf/ if ;tcsdef rSyif tAmpD rS cG J xG uf wpfzef tkr0D rif ;quf uk d xl axmif avonf /

tAf'Gvm[fpzm[fonf tAf'Gvm[fAifeftAmpf\ ajr;awmfpyfonf/ if ;tm;jzih f tAmpDrif ;quf uk d wnfaxmif aomfvnf ; tAl *stf z&f ref pl&f u tA mpD \ Ad ok umtjzpf&yf wnf um ES pf&mcsD tA mpD tk yfcsKyf rI uk dBuH hck d ifcrf ;em;atmif aqmif&GufcJhonf/ xkdacwftcgu us,fjyefY aomNrdKU vSycs,foaom taqmuftOD;rsm; tNydKiftqkdif usJaeMuaomfvnf; zdu[fynm&yf rsm; uk&f tmef ['D ;qf qk d if&m [mzdZf? um&D? rk ['f 'D pf? zuD ;[f ynm&S if rsm; wpf zuf wG if ay:xGef ; vsuf &S donf/

qG[mA[frsm;\ oyf ufvD ;'f r'De[fom;rsm;onf Zk d if'f Aifef pmApfof \ tqk d twk dif ; usih fok H ;Muonf/


19/93

19

[k d ifZf ES ih f pyfvsOf ; tqk d wpf&yf uk d tdAf Ek tAmpf u wif jy&m r'De[fom;rsm;u usKyf wk d Y onf Zk d if ;'focif \ oyf ufvD'f jyKaeNyD jzpf&m oif h tqk d uk dom y,f&rnf [k ajzMuonf/

td Af Ek tAmpfocif uvnf ; oif wk d Y onf oyf ufvD a'&Scf pG D jyKaeojzif h&S d&f uf *d kem[fusL;vGefonf [k vk H ;0rajymbJtqk d ES ih f pyfvsOf ; tG rf arpvD rf ocif rtm; ar;tyf aMumif ;om tBuH jyKonftG rf arpvD rf \ tajzMum;&aomtcg Zk d if'focif u rd rd \,cif tqk d uk d jyifvk d ufonf/

(zof [GvfAm&D) tcsKdUurltarGES ih fpyfvsOf ; tAl rl qmociftm; ar;jref;&m if ;u

tajzay;aomfvnf ; 'D ar;cGef ;uk d td AfEk ryf pf tl 'focif tm;vnf; ar;jref ;Mu&ef tBuHjyK\/ tdAfEkryfpftl'fu tAlrlqm\ qefYusifbufukd ajzMum;&m tAlrlqmocifu 'Dtdvfrf&JU ork',m&Sdaeo&GU usKyfxHvmar;&ef rvk td Af Ek ryf pf tl'f \ tEG HtwmcH Mu&efoyf ufvD'f&Scf pG D uk dom axmufcH avonf / (Akcg&D)

oyf ufvD'f aemufvkd uf jcif ;ESpf rsKd;&S donf /

(1) oD ;jcm;td rmrf rowf rS wf bJ ryf pf tv[f wpfck pD twG uf td rmrf toD ;oD ;\ aemufvk d uf jcif ; onf uk d oyf ufvD a'rGofovyf uf [k ac:onf / (2) oyfufvD'ftwGuf oD;jcm; tdrmrfwpfyg;ukdom owfrSwf ryf pf tv[f wk d if ;wG if ,if ;td rmrf \ tajzuk d ,l jcif ;? onf uk doyf ufvD a'&Scf pG D [k ac:onf/

qG [mA[f rsm;acwf rS m td *sfod [m'f? oyf ufvD'f ES pf&yfvk H ;&S dcJ honf/ ok d Y aomf zd u[f av;euf rI r&S d aom qG [mADonf zuD [f qG [mA[f rsm;xH rSar;jref ;Muonf/

xk d Y aMumih f tcsKd UqG [mADtaxmuf txm;jy ryf pf tv[f uk dnTef jyonf / tcsKd Uurltaxmuf txm;rjybJ ajzMum;onfvnf ;&S d \/ qG [mA[f rsm;acwf wG ifoyf ufvD a'rG wfovyf uf ES ihf&Scf pG D ES pfrsKd ;vk H;uk d usihfokH ;cJ h Muonf/

td rmrf BuD ; zd u[fjyKpk ykH tpvmrf ysH UES H Y a&ajryk d if ;jcm;vmonf ES ih f trQ uk &f tmef ['D ;qf rSOya'jyK

ryf pf tv[f xk wf ,l&ef vk d tyf vmcJ hojzif h td rmrf BuD;onfzd u[f rl Oya'uk d


20/93

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OD ;pG mtouf oG if ;ol jzpfonf xk d Y aMumih f tAl [eDz[f Ek tf rmefuk d td rmrf BuD;[k ac:Muonf/

wynhfaxmifausmf&Sdonfh teuf umzDtqihf&Sd td*sfod[m'fukd Ek d ifeif;oltyg;av;q,f a&G ;cs,f xm;\/ if ;wk d Y teuf q,f yg;rSm umZDuk d pmcsEkdifonfh tqihf&Sdaom tzGJUi,fwpf&yfvnf; &Sdao;\/ if;wdkY ryfpftv[frsm;ukd tcef;u@tvkdufpDpOfjcif; wm0efukd,l&onf/ ,if;q,fyg;tjyif aemufxyfESpfyg;ukd wGJay; Oya'tcsuftvufrsm;ukd ,wd jywf qk H ;jzwfcsuf txd yk d Y aqmifol rsm;jzpf Muonf/ if ;wk d Y onf vl Uouf wrf ;\ u@pkHukd t a j ccHum Oya ' a&;qGJ&mwGif t awG; tac : Munfvif jywfom;ol rsm;jzpf Mu\/ if ;wk d Yteuf ynm&S if av;yg;onf Oya'\ [mzdZf tm*k H aqmif xm;ol rsm;jzpf Mu\/ wpk H w&m rS m;aeaMumif ; od &vsifa0zefcsuf xk wf&ef0efrav;ol rsm; jzpf Muonf/

ryf pf tv[f wpf yk'f uk d wcgw&H (3)&uf wk d if qef ;ppf a0zef MuouJ hok d Y wcgw&H tcsKdU ryfpf tv [ f twGuf vqef ; rSv jynhfokdYyif tcsdef Mumanmif ;oG m;onf/

umZD rsm;\ q&mjzpf xk d ufol rsm;rS m Zk z&f? ,l pG zfAifefcgvpf'f? td Af Ek rk Am&yfuf? tAl ,l pG zf? td rmrf BuD ;uk d ,f wk d ifvnf ; yg0ifonf /

vuf wG J Muaom wynh f av;q,f wG if t&AD ES ih f Oya'yg&*ltd rmrfrk [r'f? ryf pf tv[f pD ppf&mwG if uRrf ;usifol tdrmrfZk z&f? xdyfwef ; Oya' yg&*l tAl,l pG zf? a&0g,of tp&f qk d if&m ['D ;qf rsm;uk d yg&*l wrQ uRrf ;usif aom'g0l'f? ,[f,m? [zfpf? t&ADbmom&yfukd tqihfjrihf uRrf;usifol

rtef\om;umpifrf (rtefonf td Af Ek ryf pf tl 'f \ ajr;jzpfonf ) ['D ;qf rsm;uk d tm*k H aqmif xm;aom [Amef? ref'dvf? xk d Y jyif ork dif ;ok awoDo'gES ih f pmay\Zpf jrpf uk duRrf ;usifol rsm; ocF smES ih f tjcm;bmom&yf rsm;uk duRrf ;usifol rsm;vnf ;

yg0ifMuonf/ ausmf Mum;aom tjcm;wynh f rsm;rS m ,ZD ;'f td Af Ek [mlef [zf pG f td Af Ek*d ,mpf?

,[f,m tdAfEkZu&D,m? rdpft&fAifefud'grf? tAltmpGifrftefeADvf? tvD td Af EGvf rG pf [&f? zZvf td AfEk'uDef? tAf'G&f&ZfZmuftdAf Ek [rmrf/

ryf pf tv[f aygif ; 1290000 (q,f ES pfodef ;uk d ;aomif ;) ausmf xk wf EI wf&mwG if


21/93

21

ES pfaygif ; (30)Mumanmif ;cJ honf /

qG [mA[f rsm;\ tqk d uG J jym;rI qG[mA[frsm;onf wrefawmfjrwf 0zmofjzpfNyD;onfhaemuf

tpvmrf twG uf ur mY Ek d if iH toD ;oD ;ok d Y xG ufoG m;cJ h Muonf/ vl om;jyef Y ES H Y onf ES ih f trQ w&m;awmf uk dwd usjynh f 0pG m vk d ufema&;wG if vl wk d Y cRwf acsmf wd rf ;yg;rI rsm;jzpfvmcJ honf/

Oyrm ermZf zwfvsuf wpk H w&mvG wfoG m;aomfermZf txajrmuf rnf vm;?ermZf \ u@wk d if ; z&yfZf jzpfovm;? xk d Y aMumih f ,cif u r&S dcJ h aom z&yfZf 0g*spf Af

pG EofrG wf pfo[Af [l a0g[m&rsm; owf rS wfvmonf/ tqk d yg tok H ;tEI H ; uG J jym;&onh frluk dvnf ; a&;qG JMuonf/

,if ;Oya'uk d qkd if&m ,l qcsufuG J jym;rI t& rZf [Af ryf pf tv[f [l aom a0g[m& ay:xG ufvmonf/

uk&f tmef ['Dqf? ynwfcsufrsm;ukdt[fumar&S&f tD ,[f[k ac:onf/ t[f umrf ES pf rsKd ;&S donf/ (1) tuD'[f? tumtpf'f? t,l0g'ykdif;qkdif&m ynwfcsufrsm;ukd t[f umartk d plvD ,[f [k ac:onf / (2) cEmukd,fESihf tjcm;u@jzihf usihfaqmif&aom ynwfawmfukd t[f umarz&f tD,[f [k ac:onf/

pdwfkdif;tvkdukd tEGHtwmcHcGihfr&SdaMumif;ukd uk&ftm ae&mtES HY tjym;wGif awG U&rnf/ trdefY ynwfawmf ukd OD;xdyfxm;aomtm;jzihf trd ef Y emcH&mwG if ynwfcsuf t&jzpf&rnf/ pd wf tvk d qE t&? rjzpf&yg pd wfk d if ;onfodvsufESih f [&mrf usL;vGef rnf / [&mrfjzpf jcif ;uk djiif ;qef rnf / uk d ,f hvk yf&yf uk d&G H&S mzG ,f jypf wif zG ,f [l rxifrS wf awmhbJtwih f&Jvmrnf/

yxrok H ;acwf wG if tD rmef tpf cfvmpG f ES ih f w&m;&S d rI aMumih f pd wf aemufvk d uf&ef taMumif;ray:cJhay/ tu,f oyfufvDa'rGwfovyfuf wHcg;ukd tpOftNrJzGih fxm;ygu

pd wfeJ Y uk d uf nD aom tqk d uk dvufcH um tpvmrfonf yif upm;p&m jzpfoG m;rnf/ tqk d rsm;ukduk d ,hf qEt&usih fok H;jcif;onfwenf ; I d ifomef ES ih f ezfpf


22/93

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yl;aygif; wnfaxmifaom 'Def;ukd vufcH&ma&mufojzihf tpvmrfrSyifcG JcGmoGm;ayrnf/

xk d Y aMumif h pwk w&mpk wG if ynm&S ifrsm;u oyfufvD a'&ScfpG D ukd0g*spf Afowf rS wf Muavonf/

td rmrf BuD ;\ oG if jyifES if U *kPf yk'f tcsif ;tqif;ES pf&yf pvkH ; jynh f pk Honf/ t&yftarmif ;vnf ; ryk r&S nf?

Munhfaumif;onf/ toHMunfvifcsKdjrNyD; cefYnm;onf/ IyfaxG;aom ryf pftv[f rsm;uk d k d ;&S if;vG,f ul pG m &S if ;jyonf/

pd wf&if ;rSm oefY jyefY onf/ 0wf pk Honf wef zk d ;BuD ;aom 0wf jzLpif Mu,f *Rwf A[f jzpfonf/ wef zk d ;rS m 'd&f [rf av;axmif xuf renf ;ay/ NcH Kxnf \ wef zk d ;rS m'Dem&fok H;aomif;wef ayrnf/

rk [r'f tef qG m&Dwif jyonf rS m td rmrfBuD ;\ tajymtqk d? toG m; tvm? xk d if xjcif ;ponf f h vIyf&S m;rI wk dif;jzih f td rmrf BuD ;\ ynm&nf ES ih f tajrmf tjrifrsm; ay:vGifvsuf&S donf /

tvDAifeftmpGifrfu wifjyonfrSm urmYmPfynmrsm;ukdcsdefcG if wpf zuf rS mxm; aemuf wpf zuf rS m td rmrf BuD ;\ mPf ynmxm; csdef pufvsif

td rmrf BuD ;buf uom tcsdef pD ;ayrnf/cg&d *s[f td Af Ek rG pf tAf wif jyonf rS m tmvif rf aygif ;axmif ausmf ES ih f qk HcJ h&mwG if

tajr mftjrif&S dol ok H ;av;yg;omjrifcJ honf/ if ;wk d Y teuf td rmrf BuD ;wpf yg;vnf ; yg0ifonf/

tdrmrf&SmzdtD\ tvGefausmfMum;aom tqkdwpf&yfrSm zuD;[ ynm&S if rsm;onf td rmrf BuD ;\ td rf axmif pk 0if rsm;jzpf Muonf/

orkdif;ynm&Sif tdAfEkcvf'lefu wifjyonfrSm tdrmrfBuD;\ tqih f twef;jrihf rm;rI uk d tjcm;rnfol rQ ra&muf Ek dif aMumif; td rmrfrmvpf uf ES ihf td rmrf&S mzd tD wk d Y yif ouf aoxGuf qkd Muonf/

tm'rf \ om;ajr;rsm;teuf mPf&nf xuf ol rsm;&S d Mu&m td rmrf BuD ;vnf ; tygt0if jzpf aMumif ; tvm[f r[f Z[f AD u a&;om;xm;onf/


23/93

23

tjcm;tmvifrfrsm;&Sdjim;vnf; tajctaet&yf&yfukd odMuapumrl wd usaom tajz xk wfonh f ae&mrS m td rmrf BuD ;uk d rnfol rQ ,S OfEkd if pG rf ;r&S d ay/

tpf*sfrmtf tpf*sfrmtofonf uk&ftmef['D;qfwGifr&Sdaom? ,cifacwfu

ryfpftv[fay: wnDwnGwfwnf; qkH;jzwfjcif;r&SdcJhaom trIudpESihfouf qk d ifonf/ tpf *sf rtf onf &S&D tof \ tuk d if ;tvuf (0g) usih f pOf rsm;ES ih fom

ywfoufonf/

xk d Y aMumih f zd u[f uRrf ;usif aom rk *sfo[pf 'f rsm;\ qk H ;jzwfcsufwpf&yf tay: wnDwnGwfxJ jzpfvsif ,if ;ukdtd*sfrtf[kac:onf/ ukd,fawmfjrwf&SdpOfu tpf*sfr[fr&Sdyg/ tpf*sfr[fukd tuD'[fwGifrokH;yg/ ,ciftGrof0ifwkdY\ ryf pf tv[f wG if nD nG wf jcif;uk dvnf ; tpf *sf r[f [k rac:yg/ zd u[fruRrf ;ol ES ih fvlomref wkd Y nD nG wfvsifvnf; td *sfr[f [k rac:yg/

vlomrefok H ;rsKd ;&S donf / (1) t&AD ES ih f tpvmrDynmuk d rwwfol/ (2) t&AD uRrf ;aomfvnf ; 'D ;ef ynmuk d ruRrf ;ol / (3) 'D ;ef ynmuk d wwfk H rQom&S donf/ av;euf uRrf ;usif rI r&S dol/

td*sfod [m'f [l onf uk&f tmef ['D qf ES ih f tpf *sf r[f rS pnf ;urf ; Oya'uk d azmfxkwfEkdif&ef BudK;pm;tm;xkwfjcif;ukdac:onf/ td*sfod[m'fjyKEk rG *sfo[pf 'f [k ac:onf /

rG *sfo[pf 'f \ t&nf tcsif ;rS m mPf ynm&ih f usuf jcif ; w&m;rQw tusih foDv aumif ;jcif ; tajccH rl rsm;ES ih f pyfvsOf ; em;vnf rI&S d jcif ;? ,if ;rl rsm;t& enf ;vrf;&S myk H uk dwwf uRrf ;jcif ;? 0[D \aemufcH jzpf&yf uk dod&S d jcif ;? ['D qf pe'f ES ih f

tqihftwef;ukd ykdifEkdifrI&Sdjcif;/ &S&Dtofawmfukdodjcif;? td*s twnf jyKxm;aom ynwfcsuf uk doabmayguf jcif ; ud ,mpf jzih f pAAf tpf vfvof ES ih fvk yf xk H ;vk yfenf ;uk daumuf ,l Ek d if jcif ; t&AD ES ih f a0g[m&uk dem;vnfjcif ;? empdcf?

ref plcf uk dcG J jcm;Ek d if jcif ; ru D? r'eD? tm,of \ tquf toG ,f uk dcG J jcm; uRrf ;usif jcif ; ponh f ynm&yf rsm;uk d wwf xm;&rnf/


24/93

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uk&f tmefoabmayguf&ef tajccH tcsuf rsm; (1) t"dym,foabmray:vGif aom pmvk H;0gus\ &Sif;vif ;csufuk d OD ;pGm tjcm;tm,of awmf wG if&S m&\/ Oyrm qkvmbfcsD;jrih fjcif ;cH&ol wk d Y \ vrf ;uk d nTef jyyg&efpl&oGvf zmod [mwG if azmf jyxm;onf/ ,if ;yk *d Kvf rsm;um; rnfolenf ;/

pl&[f aepm tm,of jzih f t"d ym,f&S if ;vif ;csuf uk d od&onf if ;onfeAD rsm;? qpf'f'D ufrsm; &S [D'f rsm;ES ih f qG mvd [D ;efrsm;\ vrf ;jzpfonf/

(2) ['D ;qf wref awmf jrwfyG ih fvmjcif ;onf yif uk&f tmef uk d zG ih fqk djyo&ef jzpf&m ukd,fawmfh Mo0g'ESihf usihfpOfrsm;jzihf uk&ftmefukd kyfvk H;azmf awmf rlcJ honf / xk d Y aMumih f uk&f tmef\ teuf uk d od&ef? ['D ;qf wG if&Sm,l&\/

(3) qG[mA[frsm;a&SU0,f 0[Dusa&mufcJhojzihf wrefawmfjrwfxHr wkdufkdufuk&ftmefukd odcGihf&&Sdolrsm;jzpfMuonf/ tm,ofcsa tajctaetcsd ef tcg ae&ma'owk d Y uk dtvk H ;pk Hod Muol rsm;jzpf if ;wk d Y \qih f jyef zG ih f qk dcsufonf aES mif ;acwf zG ih f qk dol rsm;xuf yk d rS ef uefol rsm;jzpfonf/ ok d Y aomf tqk d uG J jym;aevsifOD ;pm;ay;oih f aom tqk d uk d pD ppf avhvm&rnf/ (4) qG [mA[f rsm;\ tqk d r&S dvQifomAd tDef rsm;\ zG ih f qk dcsuf uk dvufcH&rnf/ (5) txufygav;csufyif r&Sif;vif;ao;vsif t&SifjrwfrS &&Sdaom tod mPf jzih f xk wf EI wf&rnf/

txuf yg tqk d rsm;uk dqef Y usif NyD ; &S&D tof eJ Y vG J acsmf aom aumuf EI wfcsuf uk d jiif ;qef&ayrnf/

xkdYaMumifhukd,fhtawG;ESihfuk&ftmef&Sif ;jyolonf rSef aomfjim;vnf; rS m;,G if ;ol jzpf aMumif ; wref awmf jrwf \ Mo0g'awmfvm&S donf /

td rmrf BuD ;\ tqif Utwef; ['Dqfyg&*l ,ZD'ftdAfEk[mlefu wifjyonfrSm ['D;qfq&mawmf

axmif ausmf ES ih f awG Uqk HcJ honf/ if ;wk d Y teuf ynmt&S d qk H ; zd u[f &nftjynh f 0qk H ;oyfuf0gt&SdqkH; ig;yg;ukd a&G;cs,fMunh&m tdrmrfBuD;onf yxrtqih&S dol jzpf aMumif ; aumufcsuf jyKxm;ayonf/ td rmrf tAl'g0l'f uvnf ; td rmrf BuD ;uk d


25/93

25

tqih f&S d aom td rmrf wpf qljzpfonf [k owf rS wfonf/ td rmrf&Smzd tD \q&m 0uDtfocifonf td rmrfBuD ;xHrS['D;qfaygif ;

(900)uk d&d 0g,of jyKcJ honf/ td rmrf Akcg&D \q&m ruD td Af Ek tpf Af&m[D rf uvnf ; td rmrf BuD ;tm; rd rd wk d Y \ tBuD ;qk H ; tmvif rf jzpfonf [k qk H;jzwf avonf /

,[f ,mtd Af Ek ptD'f u uREk f yf wk d Y onf td rmrf BuD ;teD ;wG if ['D qf Mum;emvsuf td rmrfBuD ;tm; armh Munh fvk d ufvsuf rsuf ES mawmf toG if tm;jzihft&Sifjrwf tm; tvGef aMumuf&G Hvsuf &S d aeonfuk d &d yf pm;rd aMumif ; wif jyavonf /

rk['f'dpfrsm;onf ['Dqfukd ykHpHESpfrsKd;jzihfwifjyMu\/ tcsK r&fzltf['Dqfukd >rufMum; onf tcsKdUu ['Dqfukd rdrdbufrS zd u[f ryf pf tv[f ozG ,f qk H ;jzwf ay;Muonf/ &d 0g,of uk d wref awmf jrwf xH rS qih f jyef&mwG if tenf ;i,f wd rf;acsmfoG m;rS muk d qif jcif aomaMumihf jzpfonf /

td rmrf BuD ;\ usrf ;rsm;wG if a&wG ufvsuf ['D ;qf aygif ;(7)aomif ;&S donf/'kwd,ykHpHt& ['D;qfqihfjyefjcif;ukdyg a&wGufvsif (7)aomif;xufyif

ausmfvGefayrnf/ tdrmrfBuD;onf rdrd b0ukd zdu[frpmtdvftwGuf jrKyf xm;vk d uf&m ['D ;qfonf yif ryfpftv[f toG if aqmif oG m;avonf/

tdrmrf BuD ;ESih f wynh f rsm;onf zd u[fuk d OD ;pG mpk aqmif ;ol rsm;jzpfonf / ud ,mpf jzih f ok H ;oyf jcif ;uk dpwifol rsm;vnf ;jzpf Mu&m ul z[f om; zd u[f &S if rsm;uk d tqGf[mAG&fkdif,f [lvnf;aumif; t[favud,mpf[l vnf;aumif; ac:a0:Muonf/ td rmrf BuD;onf&d 0g,of xuf 'd&m,of uk dOD ;pm;ay;ol jzpf &d 0g,of uk d tvGef uRrf ;ol rsm;jzpf Muonf/

tqGf[mAG&f&d0g,ofESihf tqGf[maA'd&m,ofonf ukefMurf;pkolE ukef acsmxk wf jzefY csdol yrmjzpf Mu qefY usif buf tk yf pk rsm;r[k wf ay/

uk&ftmef uk d ['D;qf jzif U &S if ;jyrSoabmaygufjcif ; uk&ftmefwGif udAfv[fajymif;onfh trdefYusvmonf/ AkdifoGvf

rk uyf'f'yf pfonf ,cif u upf Afv[f jzpfcJ h aMumif ;uk duk&f tmef jzih f rod&/ ['D ;qf rSod&onf/

pl&[fo[&Drf&Sd azmfjy&mtaMumif;wGif tmat&S[focifrESih [zf pG [f ocifrwk d Y trnf rsm;uk d ['D ;qf jzih fod&\/


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26

rkemzpfuftzkdY *semZ[fermZfrzwftyfaMumif; tm,ofom&Sdonf/ aool rsm;tzk d Y *semZ[fermZf zwf tyf aMumif ;uk d uk&f tmef wGifrawG U&yg/

oAl uf wG if ryg0if aom qG [mA[fok H ;yg;\ aomif A[f uk duAlvf jyKavNyD [k tm,of vm&S donf/ ,if ;qG [mA[f rsm;\trnfuk d ['D ;qf jzih fom od&\/

tDrmef&S if twG uf wref awmfh trd ef Y awmfuk d emcH a&; 0g*spfAf jzpfaMumif ; pl&[f aepmwG if tm,of awmfvm&S d \/ ,cif eAD rsm;tay: usrf ;ruscJhif ;wk d Y \ trdef Yukdvkdufem&ef 0g*spfAf r[k wf ygu eADtjzpfapvTwfjcif ;onf tcsD;ES D;

jzpf&ayrnf/ wrefawmf tpfAf&m[Drfonf tdyfrufjrifrufNyD; uk&fAmeDjyKcJho td yf ruf onfvnf ; 0[Djzpf aMumif; ['D ;qf tm;jzih f od&onf/

uk&ftmef&Sdteufa&mifBudK;ESihftjzLa&mifBudK;ukd qG[mADoabmraygufcJh/ wrefawmfjrwfu ntarSmifESihf aeY\a&mifjcnf[l&S if ;jyawmfrlonf/

pAf trpmeDqk donf uk drod Mu ar;jref ;Mu&m pl&[f zmod [mjzpf aMumif ; wref awmf jrwf u ajzMum;awmf rlonf/

igwref awmf jrwf ES ih f qG [mA[f rsm; avQmuf aomvrf;ukda['g,ofvrf ;rSef? pGEofvrf ;pOf? *sEofokd Y ajzmihf rwf pG m 0if a&mufol wkd Y\ vrf;[k

wref awmfjrwf \ Mo0g'awmfvm&S donf/ v r f ;pOf twkd i f ; wduspGmvkdufemaexkd i fo l r sm;ukd

t[f avpG Eof 0vf *srmtof [k ac:onf/ tmvif rf rsm;tMum; tqk duG J jym;aevsifuk&f tmef pG Eof ES ih f uk d uf nD

tH 0if *G if usaom tqk donf rnfol Y tqk denf ; ok d Y pD pOf&ef rS mvnf ; tmvif rf rsm;\ wm0efjzpfonf/

pif ppf tvm[frS wpf yg; rnfol UatoG mtof rS z&yfZf r[k wf yg/ ok d Y aomfvlom;onf t&S if jrwf ESih f wkd ufk d uf pum;ajym&ef? t&S if h ESpfouf rI uk d &,l&ef

rvG,f yg/&plvfESihfvnf; rsufESmpkHnD ar;jref;&efcJ,Of;aeNyDjzpf&m u

['D qf uk dom Munh fI&ayrnf/


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uk&ftmef['Dqfukd vkdufem&efta&;BuD;jzihf uk&ftmef['Dqfr aumuf EI wfcsjyaom td rmrfBuD ;\ aemufvk d uf jyK&jcif ;rS mvnf ; vk d tyf ayonf /

tdrmrfBuD ;onf &S&D tof ukd xG ifol r[k wf? &S&D tof ukdxif&Sm;jywfom;pG m zGihfqkdwwf ol[k ,kHMunfjzpfonf/ taxmuftxm; aumufEIwfaom t&nftcsif;ukd tpf*sfod[m'f pGrf;tif[kac:onf/ xkdYaMumihf tdrmrfBuD; wifjyvmaom taxmuftxm;ukd em;vnfrS vufcH usihfokH;rnf[l pnf ;urf ;owf rS wf xm;jcif ;rsKd ;r&S d yg/

0g*spf AfESpfrsKd; 0g*spfAf ES pf rsKd ;&S donf/ (1) 0g*spf Afvd tk d ifeD [D wref awmf jrwf acwf rS yif twnf jyKNyD ;om; 0g*spf Af jzpfonf/ (2) 0g*spf Afvd *k d if&d [D? txuf yg 0g*spf Afvd tkd ifeD [D ukdtaumif txnf azmfcGih f &&ef enf ;vrf ;wpfck uk d zef wD ;&onf/

yxr trsKd ;tpm;rSm kdZ[fermZfuJhokdY jzpfNyD ; 'kwd, trsKd;tpm;rS m tjcm;enf;t& wm0efwif&Sdvmjcif;rsKd;jzpfonf/ Oyrm rysufrpD; umuG ,f xm;aomtm;jzih f uk&f tmef pk pnf ;um pmtk yf jyKpk jcif ; wref awmf h acwf wG if ['D qf usuf rS wf&ef rS m 0g*spf Af jzpfcJ h aomfvnf ; ['Dqf uk d xdef ;od rf ;&ef twG uf rSwfmPfESihfyif rvkHavmuf? aemufykdif;jznhfpGufrIrsm; 0ifvmr rS wf wrf ;wif a&;om;&efvnf ; 0g*spf Af jzpfonf/ wref awmf jrwf ES ih f qG [mA[f rsm; acwf 0g*spf Af r[k wf aomud ponf aemuf yk dif; 0g*spf Afjzpfonfvnf ;&Sd \/

td rmrfBuD;\ qk H ;jzwf yk H tqih f jrih f rG *sfo[pf 'f rsm;\ rlowf rS wf yk H uG mjcm;yk H rS m td rmrf BuD;onf

&d0g,of (['D;qf)tmvkH;ukd NcHKikHrd&ef owdxm;onf/ wpfckwnf;ao ynwf awmfonf tcsKd U&d 0g,of wG if qk H ;jzwfcsuf? tcsKd U&d 0g,of wG if taMumif ;jycsuf? tcsKd U&d 0g,of wG if t&nf taoG ;? tcsKd U&d 0g,of wG if ta&twG uf jy&efjzpfonf/&d 0g,of rsKd ;pk H rSwref awmf jrwf \ oabmobm0uk daumuf EI wf jy jyef Y ES H Y aeaom&d 0g,of tm;vk H ;uk dpk pnf ;aygif ;pyf ay;onf/ rnf onh f &d 0g,of rQ trvf jyif yok d Y

ra&mufEkdifay/ tdrmrf&SmzdtDonf rwlnDaom &d0g,ofrsm;tMum; qkH;jzwf&mw

&m0Drsm;\ pe'f pOfqufBuHhckdifrI &Sdr&SdukdpDppfonf/ tdrmrfrmv


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wrefawmf jrwf acwf &S dcJh aom r'De[f om;wk dY \ erlem vkyfkd ;vk yf pOfuk d *kjyKonf/ tdrmrft[fr'f [rfAvDonf qG[mA[f? omAdtD;ef trsm;pk rnf ok d Y jyKyk H uk d avhvmonf/

rG *sfo[pf 'f rsm;a&S Uok d Y ryf pf tv[f wpf&yfwifvmaomfwd wf qd wf aeMuvsifvufcHonf hvuPmjzpf aMumif ; vuf atmuf zuD [f rsm;onfwd wf qd wf pG myifem,l wwf Muonf/

Oyrm t&uform;tm; pD&ifcsufcsrSwfa&;ESihf ywfoufNyD; 'kwd,

cvD z[fa&S Uwif jy&m tvDocif u Bud rf'Pf owf rS wfonf qk H ;jzwfcsuf uk d Mum;emMuaom qG[mA[frsm;onf NidrfoufaeMu\/ oabmu rG *sfo[pf'f rsm;a&SU [&mrf? em*smtdZfjzpfaeaomf rajymr&S dMu/ xk dY aMumih f if ;wk d Y \ qd wf qdwf aejcif ;uk d yif tpf*sfrmtf [k ac:onf /

ud ,mpf jyK&onfU tcsdef td rmrfBuD ;onf twk d Ytaxmifrsm;aMumih f remvk dol rsm;jym;vmojzif h

cvD z[f\ a&SUyiftxiftjrif rSm;jcif;cH&onf/ wpfaeY tAl *stfz&f ref pl&f ucifAsm; ud,mpfukd uk&ftmef['D;qftay: OD;pm;ay;aMumif; od&w,f/

rSefovm;[k ar;&m cvD z[f BuD ;xHa&mufvmaom owif ;rrSef yg/ uRef awmfonf OD ;pG m uk&f tmef uk d Munh f ygonf/ xk d Y aemufpG Eof? xk d Y aemufcvD z[f BuD ; av;yg;\ qk H ;jzwfcsuf? xk d Y aemuftjcm;qG [mA[f rsm;\ qk H ;jzwfcsuf uk dom usih fok H ;ygw,f/'gayr,f hqG [mA[f rsm;&J U tqk d uG J jym;aevsifud,mpf jyKygw,f/ pe'f rck difaom

['D ;qf&vsif yif ud,mpf rjyKyg/ uRef awmfomAd tD taeeJ Y omAd tD tqih fwlolrsm;\ tqk djzpfrlzd u[f

rD;ajymif;jzihfxkd;Munhfygw,f/ 'gaMumihf uRefawmf htaeeJ Y tcsKdUomAdtD\ tqk d uk d OD ;pm;ay;um tcsKdUtqk d uk d csefvS yf ygw,f/ omAd tDcsif ;wl nD wJ h tqk d

jzpf wJ h twG uf pd ppf ygw,f/ omAd tD rsm; td *sfod [m'f jzih f tqk d jyKvsifuRef awmfvnf ; td *sfod [m'f jzihfqk H ;jzwf ygaMumif ; wif jyavQmuf xm;avonf /

rG *sfo[pf 'f tqif U(4)qif U (1) &S&D tof uk d azmf xk wf&mwG if td *sfod [m'fuk d vG yfvyfpGmok H;MuolOyrm zdu[f rZf[Af&Sif(4)yg; if;wkdYonf zdu[fpnf;rsOf;ukd pwifwnfaxmif


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olrsm;jzpfMuonf/ (2) yxrtqihf rG*sfo[pf'frsm; csrSwfcJhaom Oya'enf;pepf\ aemufvk d uf jzpf aomfvnf; t,l tquG JvG J aomtcsufwG if rd rd qk H ;jzwfcsuf uk dom usih fok H ;ol? Oyrm [ezD rsm;rSwynh f ausmfES pf yg; &S mzd tD rS tvm[f r[fpk k ,loG D/ (3) yxrtqih f td rmrf rsm;\ tajccH rl rsm;uk d xd yg;jcif;r&S d apbJ? yxr?'k wd , rG *sfo[pf 'f rsm;rSqk H;jzwf xm;jcif ;r&S donh f jyemrsm;ukdtd *sfod [m'f

jyKolOyrm [ezD rS p&cfcD? &S mzd tD rS *ZmvD/

(4) td rmr fr sm; \pn f ;r sOf ; OD;wnfcsu f &nf&G, fcsu fwkdYukd aumif ;pG mod&S d xm;onf h tavsmuf ,if ;wk d Y \twd rf teuf uk dtuJ jzwf Ek d if pG rf ;&S dol? t,ltq trsKd;rsKd;ukd pdppf rnfonfhudpukd tav;teufxm;&rnfukd qk H ;jzwf Ek d ifonf/ Oyrm uk'l&D? a['g,[f usrf;&S if? txuf yg av;qih f rS ty usef yk *d Kvf rsm;wG if td *sfod [m'f t&nf tcsif ; r&S d aMumif ;rS wf ,l yg/

yxrtqih f rG *sfo[pf 'f rsm;\ td *sfod [m'f rStusKd ;quf rsm; xk wf EI wfol?&Sif;aeaom qkH;jzwfcsufukd ykdrkdjywfom;atmif BudK;yrf;o

tqG f [mAGofocf&D *sf [k ac:onf / Oyrm tbl bu&f&mZD? yxrtqih f td rmrf \

xif jrifcsuf rsm;teuf rnfonf u rS efonf? yk daumif ; onf / obm0usonf [l aom tcsuf tm; pd ppfol uk d tqG f [mAGofo&f *sD ;[f [k ac:onf / Oyrm uk'l&D usrf ;&S if/

rdrdryfZf[Af\ rnfonfh,lqcsufu uspfvpfonf/ tm;aysmhonf/ xif&Sm;onf? &Sm;yg;onf ponhftqkH;tjzwfay;Ekdifonfukd tAfpf[mAGoyf pG f [D ;[f [k ac:onf / Oyrm qG'f&G&S f&S&Dt[f uefZf usrf ;&S if/

txufyg ynm&Sifrsm;\ tqkdtm;vkH;ukd vufcHonhftjyifvl Y ajymif ;vJrI rsm;uk dtajccH um ryf pf tv[f xkwf Ekd ifolrS m 'G&f a&rGcfom&f usrf ;&Sif

jzpfonf/ uk&ftmefrl&if;? ['D;qfzdu[fonf if;\tzGihfjzpfonf/&wem &wem &wem &wem &wem

aowmukdaomhjzihf zGihfvsif &wemukdjrif&\/ aomhu&wemukd zefwD;aowmukdaomhjzihf zGihfvsif &wemukdjrif&\/ aomhu&wemukd zefwD;aowmukdaomhjzihf zGihfvsif &wemukdjrif&\/ aomhu&wemukd zefwD;aowmukdaomhjzihf zGihfvsif &wemukdjrif&\/ aomhu&wemukd zefwD;aowmukdaomhjzihf zGihfvsif &wemukdjrif&\/ aomhu&wemukd zefwD;r[kwf/ okdYyif ['D;qfzdu[frS odorQonfvnf; uk&ftmefyifjzpfonf/ r[kwf/ okdYyif ['D;qfzdu[frS odorQonfvnf; uk&ftmefyifjzpfonf/ r[kwf/ okdYyif ['D;qfzdu[frS odorQonfvnf; uk&ftmefyifjzpfonf/ r[kwf/ okdYyif ['D;qfzdu[frS odorQonfvnf; uk&ftmefyifjzpfonf/ r[kwf/ okdYyif ['D;qfzdu[frS odorQonfvnf; uk&ftmefyifjzpfonf/

uk&ftmef['D;qf\ tus,ft0ef; twdrfteuft&dyft>rufwkdYukd


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vlomref rsm; rod Ek d if? tk d pl av['D qf? tk d pl avzd u[f (['D qf? zd u[f \ tajccH Oya'rsm;)wG if b0wpfckvk H; epf xm;NyD ; &S mazGok H ;oyf S d EI dif ;aom zuD[f rsm;omoabmayguf Muonf [k azmf jycJ h NyD/

vlomref wk d Y\ wm0efonf vk d ufemusih fokH ;&efomjzpfonf/ vl Nydef ;wk d Y u zof 0g qkH ;jzwfcsuf uk d apm'uwufcG ih f r&S d ay/ ryfZf [Af&S if \ av;yg;teuf wpf OD ;OD ;uk d av;av;pm;pm; usih fok H ;&ayrnf/ wav;wpm; vk d ufemjcif;ukdoyf ufvD'f [k ac:onf / vk d ufemol uk d rkuvfvpf'f[kac:onf/

tAmpDrsm;\ &uf puf Murf ;MuKwf rI td rmrf BuD ; touf xif &S m;&S d aepOftk r0D rsm; vk H ;0usqk H ; ed *k H ;csKyfoG m;avNyD? tAGvf tAmpftAf'Gvm[ftAmpDu av;ESpftwGif; tkyfcsKyfaomumvw S if ;qJonf rS m ,cif u 'k uyifv,f a0cJ honf rsm;uk d vl wk d Y arhoG m;Muonf?

wzef if ;\nD tAl*stfz&f tAmpD uvnf; tkr0DaqGpOftm;vk H;ukdok wfoif&mrS m tk d r0D uA&f rsm;uk dwl ;azmf um tk d ;rsm;uk d yif rD ;wifI d Uvk d uf avonf /

ok d Y yif pm'gof ES ih f tv0D t[f avAk d ifof EG ,f 0if rsm;uk dvnf ; &uf pufcJ honf/ if ;wk d Y cdvmzof twG uf acgif ;axmifvmrS muk d pk d ;&d rf ESd yf uGyfavonf/

tAl*stfz&f refpl&f\ ESdyfpufuvljyKrIrsm;aMumihf ajr;awmf[pef\ jrpf awmfol rk [r'f ezf pfZuD ,[f u taygif ;tygtenf ;i,f ES ih f wuGtAl *stf z&f uk d awmfvSef&efqk d if ;jyif ;avonf /

if ;onf wk d ufck d ufvsuf jrif ;ay:rSvd rh f usum aoqk H ;oG m;avonf/ if ;\ae&mwG if ezf pfZuD ,[f\nD tpf Af&m[D rf u OD;aqmifonf/ if;vnf ; Ayf pf&mwGif &GwfcRefpGm ppfcif ;vsuf &S[D ;'f jzpf&&S mavonf/

tkr0DaemufqkH;acwfuvnf; 'kuay;rIrsm; renf;vSay/ ulz[f\

bk&ifcHonf tmvif rf rsm;uk drufvk H ;ay; pnf ;k H ;avonf / td rmrf BuD ;uk dpnf ;k H ;&ef rvG ,f ulojzih f w&m;ol BuD ;csKyf&mxl ;ay; od rf ;oG if ;ojzih f td rmrf BuD ;onf ,if ;&mxl ;uk dvnf ; y,f csvk d ufojzih f td rmrf BuD ;uk daxmifoG if ;um aeY pOfusdef'Pf (10)csufkd uf ES uf \/ ,if ;'Pf &maMumih f azma,mifoG m;avawmh \/

&uf (40)aemuf yk d if ; axmif rSvG wf ajrmuf aomtcg ul z[f rS ru[fok dY c&D ;xGufcJ h\/


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tA mpD rsm; tmPm&vmawmh rSul z[f ok d Y ,m,D tm;jzih f jyefcJ h \/ cvD z[f ref pl&facwf usrStwnf wus ul z[f wG if aexk d if avonf / ref pl&f u Zumof ES ih f a&mif ;0,f a&;u@rsm; jyKpk&ef? td Af Ekvk d ifvmES ih f td Af EkI Af&r[f tm; wm0ef ay;&m if ;wk d Y u tcsdef,l NyD ; a&;om; wifjyMu\/ ok d Y aomf ref pl&f u if ;wk d Y \ a&;om;csuf rsm;uk drES pfouf ay/ wzef td rmrf BuD ;uk dwm0ef ay;jyef&m ES pf&uf twG if ; a&;om;wifqufvkduf\/ tpDtpOfuserI rSefuefaom rpmtdvfukd xif &S m;atmif&Sif ;jyrI rsm;uk d Munf h ref pl&f u 'd &f [rf wpf aomif ; csD ;jrih f&m td rmrf BuD ;u vuf rcHcJ h ay/

rk[r'f ezfpfZuD,[fESihf if;\nDwkdYu cdvmzao&m&Sd'[fykHp ,l vmrnf [k op mqk d Muojzihftd rmrf rmvpf uf u if ;wkd Y buf rS &yf wnf Mu&ef zof0gxkwfcJhouJhokdY tdrmrfBuD;uvnf; EIwftm;jzihf axmufcHvkdufo t&S if jrwf tvk d rwlcJ h if ;wk d Y onf towf cHcJ h&onf/ ok d Y jzih f ref pl&f \ tmk Honf td rmrfBuD ;buf ok d Y a&mufoG m;avonf/

twk dif ;twmjzif U a&wG ufenf ; pwif yk H b*'ufNrd KU wnf aqmuf pOf u ref pl&f \ urf ;vS rf ;csuf w&m;ol BuD ;

&mxl ;uk d jiif ;qef ojzihftenf ;qk H ; 'Pf cwf jzpf&ef a&muforQ tkwfcJ rsm;uk d a&wG ufonh f wm0ef ay;avonf / tk yf wpfcsyf pDqG J ,l a&wG uf&onf uk dnnf ;nLNyD ; w&m;ol BuD ;&mxl ;uk dvufcHvk d uf rnf [k ref pl&f u pD pOfcJ h \/ ok d Y aomftd rmrf BuD ;onf naeapmif ;vmvsiftk yf yk H BuD ;uk dtvsm;teH wk d if ;NyD ; a&wG ufvk d uf&m rdepf yk d if ;twG if ; tk yfcJ ta&twG uf uk d wif jyvk d uf avonf /

&m0D(qif Ujyefol ) (12)tkyfpk (1) qG [mA[frsm;? (2) tqih fjrihfomAdtDBuD ;rsm; ESpftkyfpkonf

[pf *sf&Dyxr &mpk twG if ;rS jzpfonf/ (3) 'k wd , tqif h jrih fomAd tD ([pef Ayf pf&D? tdAfEkpD&Def ) (4 ) wwd , tq ih f j r ih f omAdtD i f ;wkdYonf qG [mA[f rS qih f jyefcsufenf ;aomfvnf ; tqih f jrih f omAd tD rsm;xH rSqih f jyef rI rsm;onf/ (5) pwkwtqihf omAdtD (qG[mADukd jrifbl;aomfvnf; if;wkdYxHr qih f jyefcG ih f r&ol rsm; pkvk d if rmef ttf r&S f ponf rsm; (6) tqih f tm;jzih f ted rf h qk H ;omAd tD? if ;wkd Yonf pwkwtqih fomAd tD a&mif ;&if;rsm;om jzpfonf/ qG[mADuk drl


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rjrifvk d uf yg/ td Af Ek *sKk d if *sfponf (7) tqih f jrih f oAtfomAd tD (td rmrf rmvpf uf pGzf,mefapmif&D)ponfrsm; (8) 'kwd ,tqih f oAtfomAd tD pGzf,mef tdAfEk tk,kdife[fponf (9) wwd,tqihf oAtf omAdtD (tdrmrf&SmzdtD? td rmrf tAf'k&f&ZfZm;uf) (10) oAtfomAd tDef rS qih f jyef aom tqih f jrih f tk yfpk (td rmrf t[f r'f td AfEk([rf Avf ) (11) ,if ;wk dY \ 'k wd ,tk yf pk (td rmrf Akcg&D td rmrfZ[fvD tvD td Af EGvf r'DeD(12) ,if ;wk d Y \ wwd , tk yf pk(td rmrfod&f rdZD ES ih f acwf Nyd Kif['D ;qf td rmrfrsm;

wwd,rS tXrtk yf pkonf 'k wd ,&mpk twG if ;rS jzpf e0rrS 'G g'r tk yf pk xd rS m wwd,&mpk twG if ;rS jzpfonf/ ('&f apod&f rdZD)

wm0ef t& trS ef w&m;uk d wif jyjcif ; ulz[f\ umZDtdAfEktADvkdifvmonf rSm;,Gif;pGm qkH;jzwfxm;rI

td rmrf BuD ;u axmuf jyavh&S donf/ if ;uk djyKjyif ay;&ef jzpfonf/ ok d Y aomfif ;rS m tdrmrf BuD ;tm; tNid K; taw;xm;onf/

umZD tdAfEktADvk difvmonf AvDwGif w&m;pD&ifNyD; tdrfokdYjyefvm&mvrf ;ckvwf wG if trsKd ;orD ;wpf OD ;onf tjcm;ol ES ih f &ef awG Uae\/ ok d Y jzih f

if;u xk d&ef buf ukd [&mrfZm'[f (aZemjzihf arG ;aomom;)[k ajymonf uk d umZD uvnf ; Mum;vk dufojzih f ol rtm; zrf ;qD ;vm&eftrdef Yxk wf jyefavonf/

AvDok d Y jyefvm trsKd ;orD ;tm; rwf wwf&yf apNyD ; Bud rf'Pf k d uf&ef nTef Mum;avonf/

owif ;uk dMum;&aom td rmrf BuD;u umZDonf trS m;rSm;t,G if ;,Gif; qk H ;jzwfonf/

yxrtcsufu w&m;pD&if&m XmevkH;0xGufcGmNyD;aomfvn wzef w&m;vmxk difonf rS m w&m;k H ;Oya'ES ih f qef Y usifaeonf/

'kwd,tcsufu AvDrSm Budrfkduf&ef qkH;jzwfjcif;onf pifppf wref awmf jrwf u AvDwG if Bud rf'Pf kd uf jcif ;uk d wm;jrpf awmf rlonf/

wwd,tcsufu trsKd;orD;onf rwfwwf&yfvsufyif Budrf'PfkdufcH&onf pifppfBudrf'Pfkdufonfhtcg trsKd;orD;tm; xkdifckdif;&

xk d ifvsufom; k d uf&rnf/


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pwk wtcsuf u ES pf Budrf Bud rf'Pf pD&if&efvk dtyf ygu trsKd ;orD ;uk d wpf Bud rfkd uf NyD ;ygu vT wfvk duf&rnf/ temrS m tom;jynh fvmrnf/ 'grS 'k wd , tBudrf Bud rf'PfcH ,lEk difrnf/

tqJcH&olu bmrQta&;rqkd umZDuukd,hfoabmeJY w&m;cHtay: trI bmaMumih f qG JovJ/

td Af Ekvk d ifvmonf tjyKtrl uk dvGef pG mrES pfoufojzih f bk&ifcH rSwpf qih f zof 0g ay;onf h tvk yfrS td rmrf qyf BuD;tm; &yfck d if ;vk d ufonf/

tdrmrf BuD ;u ul z[f wGiftjcm;zof 0gay;Ekd ifonf h tmvifrf rsm;pG m&S d wpf aMumif ;? tmPm&S if bk&ifcH \ trd ef Y emcH&efvk d tyf onf u wpf zk H? zof 0gESih f ywfouf u EI wf qd wf aevk d ufonf /

uwd wnf xm;yk H'D aeY uRef r k dZ[f xm;ygw,f/ oG m;Mum;rSaoG ;,k d pD ;vmwm wH awG ;

ES ih f twl a&mvnf rsKd atmuf usoG m;ygw,f/ k dZ[f ysufoGm;ovm;[korD ;u ar;&m tdrmrfBuD;u om;[rm'fxHar;yg/ usKyfukdzof0gray;&ef trd ef Y xk wfxm;ygw,f/ 'gaMumih f tajzray;Ek d if yg/

&uf tenf ;i,f Mumvmaomtcg cufcJ aom rpmtdvf rsm;ay:aygufvm&m rajz&S if ;Ek d ifojzih f ud p uk dtd rmrf BuD ;om tajzay;Ek d if aomaMumif hrpmtdvf rsm;uk d td rmrf BuD ;xHwif jy&m if ;tm; tajzay;\/ ok d Y ES ih f if;u zof 0gay;&efvnf ;cG ihf jyKvkd uf ayonf /

[ezD zd u[f uk&f tmef ['D ;qf \ tvif ;jzih f rpmtdvf xk wf EI wfenf ;uk dzd u[f [k ac:onf /

td rmrftAl [eD z[f OD ;aqmif wynh f tausmf tarmf rsm;jzih f pD ppf aumuf EI wf aom

rpmtdvf uk d [ezDzd u[f [k ac:onf / td rmrfBuD; uG ,fvGefNyD;aemuf wGifvnf ; zd u[fyk dY csaom tpDtpOfrS m

rysuf uG ufcJ h ay/ xk d Y aMumih f zd u[f [ezDonf tpvmrf tk yfcsKyf aom Ek d if iH rsm;ok d Y yif tvsif tjrefjyef YES HY oG m;avonf/ okd Yaomf ru[fr'De[fwG if tjcm;tdrmrfrsm; touf xif &S m;&S d ae&m t&Afok d Y [ezD zd u[f ra&mufcJ h ay/


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zdu[f [ezDwG if td rmrf BuD ;tjyif wynh f ausmfrsm;\ rpmtdvfvnf ; yg0ifonf/ rpmtdvfonf Oya'wpf&yftjzpfEkdifiHtESHY&yfwnfcJhonf/ pD&ifxk H;[lorQuk d xk d Oya'rS aumuf EI wfcJ h&onf/ [mlef&&SD'f bk&if acwf wGif tm&S wpfcG ifvkH ; (0g) aetvif ;us&m ae&m wk dif;qDokd Y tmPmjyef Y ES H Y cJ hNyD jzpf&m xk d pOf u w&m;ol BuD ;csKyf rS m td rmrf BuD ;\ wynh f ausmftd rmrftAl ,l pG zf jzpfonf/

tcsKd Uwynh f ausmf wk d Y \ ynm&nf xl ;cRef yk H rS m &S mzd tD? rmvd uD uJ hok d Y ryfZf [Af wnf axmifygu aemufvk d ufodef;csD &&S d ayrnf/

tdrmrf&SmzdtDrdefYonfrSm usKyfonftdrmrf rk[r'fxHr ukvm;tk wf 0ef aqmif Ek d if onfESih f trQ ynmqnf;yl ;cJ h ygonf/ td rmrf BuD ;\ wynh f ,[f ,mtd Af Ek ptD'f tvf uof oG mef['D ;qf yk d Y csaomtcg

td rmrft[f r'f td Af Ek [rf Avf ES ih f tvDtd Af EGvf r'DeD uJ hok dY yk *d Kvf rsm;yifkd aopG m ['D ;qf uk dpl ;prf ;em ,l onf/ tqG&f tcsdef rSr*f&pf Afcsdef xd quf wk d uf rwf wwf&yf umem;qifcJ hMuonf/

wynhf ausmftAf'Gvm[ftd Af Ekrk Am&yf uf ES ih f pyfvsOf ; td rmrf td AfEk [rf Avf u ['D ;qf qnf ;yl ;&mwG if td Af Ek rk Am&yf uf xuf yk d BudK;pm;tm;xk wfol

if ;\acwf or,wG if &S drnf r[kwf [k ajymMum;cJ honf/ td rmrf BuD ;onf &m0Dck d ifvk H aom &d 0g,of ud kOD ;pm;ay;avh&S donf/ wpf aeY td rmrf BuD ;ES ih f atmifZmtDocif ru [f wG if qk H Muonf/ if ;u toif wk d Y k ul toG m;? txwG if tb,f aMumihfvuf rajrmufovJ ar;jref ;&m td rmrf BuD ;u usKyf xH pG [D&d 0g,of ra&mufvk d Y yg[k ajz\/

if ;u 'gjzihf qk d&ifem;axmif? usKyfukdZG [f &Du if;uk dpmvif rfu if ;uk d ,if ;\ zcif td AfEktk r&f u qihf jyefonf rS m wref awmf jrwfonf ermZf tpwG ifvnf ;aumif ; k ul oG m; &mwG ifvnf ;aumif ;? k ul rS txwG ifvnf ;aumif ;?

vuf ES pf zufvk H ;uk d ajrmuf awmfrlonf/ td rmrf BuD;u ajzMum;onfrS m usKyf uk d [rm'f u if ;uk dtpf Af&m[D rfecf tD u if ;uk dtvf ur[f ES ih f tyf pf 0'f u if ;wk d Y uk d td AfEk ryfpf tl 'f u qihf jyefonfrS m wref awmf jrwfonf ermZf tpjyK&mwG ifomvufajrmuf k ul ponfh u@rsm;wG if vuf rajrmuf aMumif ; ajymMum;onf/

atmifZmtDocif u pG Af [mevm[f usKyf u td Af Ek tk r&f&J U &d 0g,ofuk d


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pmvif rfZG [f&DrSqih f jyefaewm cifAsm;u td Af Ek ryf pf tl 'f \ &d 0g,of uk d [rm'f? td Af&m[D rf tvf ur[f &J U trnf uk dok H ;&ovm;[kaxmuf jyojzih f td rmrf BuD ;u [rm'fonf ZG [f&Dxuf? tpf Af&m[D rfonf pmvif rf xuf zd u[f yk d uRrf ;ygw,f/ tvf ur[f ES ih f tyf pf 0g'fonf omAd tD jzpf aomfvnf ; zd u[f wG if td Af Ek tk r&f xuf redrf h yg/ qih f jyef ykd Y cs&mwG if tdAf Ek ryf pf tl 'fonf td Af Ektk r&f xuf yk d NyD ;tcsdef pD ; w,fqk d wm txl ;ajymp&mrvk d yg/

tdAf Ek ryf pf tl 'fonf wrefawmfjrwf acwf uk d tptqk H ;rS DcJ h w,f / ouf BuD; qG[mAD jzpfw,f/ yxrtwef;wGif ermZfae&m&cJhw,f/ tdAfEktkr&fonfouf i,f qk d awmh'k wd , wwd ,wef ;rS m ae&m&cJ h w,f / vI yf&S m;rI uk dtd Af Ek ryf pf tl 'f u

yk dNyD ;oabmayguf w,f/ pojzihf &Sif;jyavonf/ xk d Y aMumif h td rmrf BuD ;onf ok d Ype'fck d if aom &d 0g,of &S dvsifud ,mpf jyKavhr&S d ay/

qG[mA[frsm;onf OD;pGmyxr uk&ftmefrS trdefYawmfrsm; 'kwd,qG[mA[frsm;onf OD;pGmyxr uk&ftmefrS trdefYawmfrsm; 'kwd,qG[mA[frsm;onf OD;pGmyxr uk&ftmefrS trdefYawmfrsm; 'kwd,qG[mA[frsm;onf OD;pGmyxr uk&ftmefrS trdefYawmfrsm; 'kwd,qG[mA[frsm;onf OD;pGmyxr uk&ftmefrS trdefYawmfrsm; 'kwd,vltrsm; odxm;aom ['D;qfawmfrsm; omrefqG[mAD a&0g,ofukd vltrsm; odxm;aom ['D;qfawmfrsm; omrefqG[mAD a&0g,ofukd vltrsm; odxm;aom ['D;qfawmfrsm; omrefqG[mAD a&0g,ofukd vltrsm; odxm;aom ['D;qfawmfrsm; omrefqG[mAD a&0g,ofukd vltrsm; odxm;aom ['D;qfawmfrsm; omrefqG[mAD a&0g,ofukd txufwef; qG[mA[frsm;u twnfjyKcsufrsm;txufwef; qG[mA[frsm;u twnfjyKcsufrsm;txufwef; qG[mA[frsm;u twnfjyKcsufrsm;txufwef; qG[mA[frsm;u twnfjyKcsufrsm;txufwef; qG[mA[frsm;u twnfjyKcsufrsm;

wwd, qG[mA[fBuD;rsm; tcs i f ;cs i f ; t j r i fzvS,f wwd, qG[mA[fBuD;rsm; tcs i f ;cs i f ; t j r i fzvS,f wwd, qG[mA[fBuD;rsm; tcs i f ;cs i f ; t j r i fzvS,f wwd, qG[mA[fBuD;rsm; tcs i f ;cs i f ; t j r i fzvS,f wwd, qG[mA[fBuD;rsm; tcs i f ;cs i f ; t j r i fzvS,f tBuHjyKxm;Muaom zof0grsm; okH;qihfom qG[mA[frsm;acwfutBuHjyKxm;Muaom zof0grsm; okH;qihfom qG[mA[frsm;acwfutBuHjyKxm;Muaom zof0grsm; okH;qihfom qG[mA[frsm;acwfutBuHjyKxm;Muaom zof0grsm; okH;qihfom qG[mA[frsm;acwfutBuHjyKxm;Muaom zof0grsm; okH;qihfom qG[mA[frsm;acwfuzdu[fjzpfonf/ zdu[fjzpfonf/ zdu[fjzpfonf/ zdu[fjzpfonf/ zdu[fjzpfonf/

td rmrftAl ,l pGzftm; ynmay;yk H q&mwpfqltjzpf oD;jcm; otfvDrf0kdif;axmif&ef tdrmrftAl,lpGzf

qE&S daMumif ; td rmrf BuD;od&ojzihfvlwpf a,muf ukd ac: if ;xHvT wfum ok d Yryf pf tv[f wpf &yf ar;ek d ifonf/

yk*dKvfwpfOD;onf c0gonftm; 'd&f[rfESpfjym;jzihf tuswpfxn avQmf&ef tyf onf/ tus&S ifonf wpf aeY vmawmif ;&m c0gonf u jiif ;qefonf/ aemuf wpf Bud rfvmawmif ;jyef&m c0gonf u tusavQmf tyf awmhonf/ 'D awmhc0gonftzkdY tcaMu;&xkdufygovm; tu,f tAl,lpGzfu [kwfuJh&xk d uf ygw,f [k ajymvsifrS m;w,fvk d Yajym? tu,f r&xk d uf [k ajymygu'gvnf ;rrSef yg[k ajymyg/

if ;yk *d KvftAl ,l pG zf xHoG m;ar;aomf[k wf uJ htcaMu;ay;&r,fvk d Y ajz&m


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if;u rSm;w,f[kqkd\/ wzef tAl,lpGzfu tenf;i,fpOf;pm; xkdol tcaMu;r&xkd ufol [k ajymjyefonf/ if ;u 'gvnf ;rrSef yg[k ajymavonf/

td rmrf tAl ,l pG zfonf csufcsif ;yif td rmrf BuD ;xH a&mufvm\/ td rmrf BuD ;uc0gonf&JU ryfpftv[f udpvmwmr[k wfvm;[k ar;&m if;u [kwfuJ h

uRef awmf h uk d &S if ;jyygtk H ;[k avQmuf \/ td rmrf BuD ;u c0gonf u 'D tus uk dum,uH&S if xH rSray;bJ jiif ;qefojzih f

vk ,l ol jzpfonf/ tvpf ok wfvk ,l NyD ; avQmf zG wfvsifrd rd tzk d Y avQmfonf jzpfojzih f

c0gonftzkdY tcaMu; r,lxkduf/ tu,f tvpfokwfwmrsKd;r&SdbJ avQmf zG wfonf qk d rl um,uH&S if twG uf avQmf zG wfcJ hojzih f tcaMu;&xk d uf ygonf [k&S if;jyavonf/

tdrmrfBuD;onf wynhfrsm;ukd rdwfaqGoli,fcsif;yrm qufqH jrwf Ek d ;zG ,f wef zk d ;&S d aom uk d ,h f b0uk d yif if ;wk d Y twG uf pGef Y pm;cJ h ayonf / wcgw&H rdefY onf rS m toif wkd Y onf usKyf pd wf ESvk H ; &T ifjrL;p&m uREk fyf tzk d Y yl aqG ;0rf ;enf ; jcif ;rsm; jy,f aysmuf p&mrsm;jzpfonf [k rdef Yavonf/

b0oufwrf;rSm uHMurmoyfuf'D&f\ xkd;ESufcsufrsm;aMumi

'kua0jzmcJhonf&Sdaomf tdrmrfBuD;onf wynhfrsm;ESihf xyfwlx tm;ay;pum;ajymonf/ yp nf ;0wKrsm;axmuf yH honf/ aeum[fjyKcsdefwefvsif aeum[f ud p aqmif&G ufay;onf/ rMumcPwynf h rsm; wouf wmzlvI Honfh qk H ;rpum;rsm;vnf ; >ruf Mum;avh&S donf/

td rmrf BuD ;\ wpf aeh wmusif UpOf z*s&fermZfNyD; rpmtdvfykdYcsonf a0;vHaoma'orS ar;xm;aom

ar;cGef;rsm;ukd a&;om;ajzMum;\/ wzef wynhfausmfrsm;ESihfwuG zdu xkdif0kdif;pwif a0zefokH;oyfrIrsKd;pkH wifjyNyD;onhfaemuf wnDwn twnfjzpfoGm;ygu rSwfwrf;wifonf tBuHmPfrsm; rnDnGwfao;ygu tdrmrfBuD;u ukd,fhoabmxm;ukdcsjyonf/ if;ukdvnf; qefYusifrIjyKygu xk d rwl nD aom tqk d uk dvnf ; rS wf wrf ;wifvk d ufonf/

ZG [f &f NyD ; aEG&moD qk d ygu tqG &f xd tem;,l onf tqG&fermZfzwf NyD ;yguoifcef ;pm yk d Y csonf/ tcsdef&vsifrd wf aqG rsm;ES ih f awG Uqk Hvl rrmar;jref ; aool Utd rf


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tm;ay;pum;ajym? qif ;&Jom;wk d Y tajctaeuk dpk H prf ;vsuf tcsdef uk dwef zk d ;xm;onf/ r*f&pf NyD ; wzef oifcef ;pmtpD tpOf jyKvk yf um td &S mNyD ;vsif td Am'of wG if

arGUavsmfaeonfrS m rsm;aomtm;jzih f tdyf puf avh r&S day/ aqmif ;&moD qk d ygu r*f &pf Af NyD ; acwvJ avsmif ; napmif ;rS(10 em&Dcef Y )

td&S mzwfonf wpf nvk H ; 'l'f? 0ZD z[f ? o[*sf *R'f rsm;zwfvsuf ukef qk H ;onf wcgw&Hrtf rlvmof uk d qk d if vnf ; jyKonf/

[ezDryfZf [Af jyef h ES Hh yk H tk r0D ES ih f tA mpDueOD ;yk d if ; tk yfcsKyf pOf u ynma&;prf ;uawmhwoG ifoG if

pD;awGcJh\/ tdvfrfwkd;wufrIESihf ywfoufNyD; wcgw&Hxufoe wcgw&HcsdeJ Y aomfvnf ; tquf rjywfcJ h ay/ Ek d if iH a&; I wf axG ;rI u td vf rf u@uk dedrfhusatmif rjyKEkdifcJhay/ xkdpOfu tjcm;pmayrS t&ADokdY jyefq

avmuD ynma&;vnf ;wG if us,f cJ honf/ tpueOD ;rS yif [ezD ryfZf [Afonf ta&S Uzsm; Ek d if iH rsm;ok d Y jyef Y ES H Y onf/ rmvd uDvrf ;pOfonf tGef'vG pf (pydef ) ok d Y jyef Y ES H Y vmonf/ txl;ojzihf tAmpDtkyfcsKyfrI us,fjyefYonfESihftrQ [ezD umZDrsmcefYtyfcJhaomaMumihfjzpfonf/

rd pf&f [ezD rsm;&S d aomfvnf ; &S mzd tD ryfZf [AfvT rf ;rk d ;cJ honf/ aemif wpfcsdef rS m zmodrD tkyfcsKyfrIrsm;aMumihf tprmtDvD,[f? tdrmrD,[fwkdYteufrS umZD wif ajrmufvmMuonf/ xk d Y aMumih f rd pf&f &S mzd tD? [ezD? rmvd uD rsm;tjyif if ;wk d Y vnf ; BuD ;pk d ;vmcJ honf/ zmod rD wk d Y u tA mpD uk drkef ;wD ;aomaMumih f [ezD uk d ES drf hcs&efBud K;pm;vmcJ h aomaMumih f jzpfonf/

[mlef&&S D'f \om;ES pf yg;teuf rmrlefonf tD&meD rdcif rS jzpf zm&f pD wk d Y jzih f tmPm wnfcJhonf/ okdYjzihf jyifytiftm;BuD;pkd;vmcJh tcsif;csif;&ef Nid K;xm;vmMuonf/ tjiif;yG m; vmMuonf/ ig;&mpk aemuf qk H;umvwG if

Ak d ifoGvf rk u'f'yf pf todrf ;cH&onf/ pGvm[G'f'D ;eftk d if ,l ADonf &S mzd tD jzpf rmvd uD? &S mzd tD? yk d Y cs&mXmersm;

rdpf&f wG if wnf axmifcJ honf / wzef tAmpD wk d YES ih f quf EG ,f vk dojzihf[ezD yk dY cs&mXmersm;uk dvnf ; pDpOfcJ honf/

tGpf rmeD acwf wGifwl&uD rsm; rdpf&f ukdtkyfcsKyf jyefojzih f [ezD umZD rsm;


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cef Y tyf xm; aomaMumih f [ezD ryfZf [Af us,f jyef Y vmcJ honf / td Ed ,? wkyf ponfrsm;okd Y vnf; [ezD wkd Yyifrsm;jym;vmojzih f [ezD

ryfZf [Afonf yxr tqih f? &S mzd tDonf 'k wd ,trsm;pk tjzpf &yf wnfvmonf/ zdu[forkdif;pOf yracwfrS tdrmrfav;yg;pDpOfcJhaom pepftwkdif

oyf ufvD'f jyKvmMuonfrSm ,aeY wk d if jzpfonf/

eADwkeJ h ynmrprf ;& eAD wk ausjimol wpf OD ;uk d vl wk d Y u zrf ;qD ;vk d uf \/ if ;u uRef awmf h uk d

tcGihfta&;ay;yg usKyfrdrdeADjzpfaMumif; edrdwfvuPmrSefuefaM taxmuf txm;uk d jycsif ygw,f/

vlwkdYu tenf;i,fpOfpm; 'gvnf;MunfhMuwmaygh[k ajymMu&m td rmrf BuD ;u r[k wf yg/ eAD wkxH rS eAl 0ofvuPmjyygvk dY awmif ;qk d jcif ;uk d u uG zf&f xk d uf w,f / wref awmfjrwf \ eAl 0of uk doHo,jzpf p&m taMumif ;jzpf w,f /

jyLwif;aygufazmufcGif U umZDtdAfEktADvkdifvmxH vlwpfa,mufu trIwpf&yfwifjyonfrSm

uRef awmh f tdrfwHwk dif;rS m av0if&eftvk dY iS m jyLwif;aygufazmufcsif wmuk d td rfeD ;csif ;u cGih f rjyKyg/ if ;tdrfeD;csif;ukdac:,l ar;jref ;aomtcg taMumif ;pk H wifjyojzih f

umZD uvnf ; wHcg; razmuf&efqk H ;jzwf \/ tdrf&Sifonf tdrmrfBuD;xH wifjyjyef&m tdrmrfBuD;u

toifjyefvnfavQmufwif&rSmu uRefawmfonf rdrdwHwkdif;ukd NzdK jyif qif csif ygonf/ xk dtcg umZD u rd rd tdrf&J UwH wk d if ; Nzd Kcsifwmu td rf&S if&J U&yk difcG ih f bJ/ wm;jrpf p&m taMumif;r&S d yg[k wif jy&m if ;vnf;wH wkd if ;Nzd Kcsrnh f

taMumif ; ywf 0ef ;usif tod ay;vk duf \/ xk d tcsdef usrStd rfeD ;csif ;u umZD xH wif jyonf rS m jyLwif ;ayguf yif r[k wf/

wHwkdif;ukd yg NzdKcsawmhr,f/ jyLwif;aygufazmufwmukd ,ciftwkcG ih fjyKcsifygw,f/ wH wk d if ;Nzd KwmxufvG ,f ul ygw,f/

xk d tcgusrS umZD rS mwd wf qd wfoG m;avonf/ tBuH uk d td rmrf BuD ;u


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oif ay;onf jzpf aMumif ; umZD u oabmaygufoG m;ayonf/

tajrmftjrifjynf U0aom qk H;jzwfcsuf ulz[fwGif yk*dKvfwpfOD;onf rdrdom;ESpfa,mufukd crf;em

aeum[fjyKay; ulz[f &Sd acgif;aqmifykdif;ukd 0vDr[f'tf0of zdwf ac:auR;avonf/

tmvifrfBuD;rsm; 0vDr[fpm;okH;aeMupOf tdrf&Sifonf tl,m;zm;,m;a&mufvm jyemay:NyD[k ajym\/ rdwfaqGrsm;u tvefYwMum;bmrsm;jzpfwmvJ[k ar;&m tcef;tyf onfh yxrnu tMuifvifr,m;csif ; awG Uqk H rI rS m;oG m;w,f/ oabmu uk d ,f hcif yGef ;r[k wfol xH uav;rS m;aevk d uf&onf [k wif jyojzih f pGzf,mef apmif&D u bmrS rjzpf bl ;/ r[&f bJ aqmif vk d uf yg[k ajymavonf/

rd pf&f Aifefud'grf u td rmrf BuD ;bufvS nh f tBuHjyKtqk H ;tjzwf uk d ar;&m tdrmrfBuD;u vifa,musFm;ESpfOD;ukd ac:vmrS tajzay;r,f/ ESpfOD;teuf wpf OD ;csif ;uk d ac: raeY nu twl aewJ h uav;ruk dtoif ES pfoufovm;[k ar;&m if ;wk d Y u ESpfoufonf [k ajym\/

td rmrf BuD ;u toif wk d Y ed um[f zwfcJ h wJ huav;ruk doGvmuf ay;vk d uf yg/ nutwl aevk d uf wJ huav;reJ Y wzefed um[f jyKay;vk d uf yg[kajzMum;avonf/

uav;i,f \ qk H ;rpum; tdrmrfBuD ;onf vrf ;oG,fwpfckrSjzwfavQmufoGm;aomtcg &THUajrESih f

upm;aeaom uav;tm; &THUxJ upm;aewmukd wm;jrpf 'Dvkd&THUr upm;&ifvJusoG m;r,f tkd ;usKd ;oG m;r,f [k ajymvk d uf&m uav;u h h h hh

q&mBuD ; uRef awmfvJ uswm pk d;&d rf p&mr&S d yg trsm;qk H; cEmuk d ,f om

temw&jzpf r,f / q&mBuD ;acsmfvJoG m;&ifavmuwpfckvk H ;cRwf acsmf wd rf ;yg;vd rh f rnf [k ajymcsvkd ufonf / pum;uk dtd rmrf BuD ; owd xm; rd rd wynh f rsm;uk dvnf ; ryf pf tv[f trSef

xkwfEIwf wJh ae&mrS m tif tm;&S dorQ Bud K;pm;Mu tmvifrf&JU trS m;aMumih f tmvrf wpfckvk H ; rS m;oG m;Ekd if aMumif ; rS mMum;avh&S donf/


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tdrmrfBuD;onf ulz[frS qdwfom;ukd 7-ESpfwkdif 0,fpm;jcif;ukd pGef Y vG wfvk d ufonf/

ajy;MunfUwmxuf rSef tdrmrf BuD ; teD ;wG if rd rd rd wfaqGrsm;&S d aeaomtcg vl wpf a,mufa&S UrS

jzwfoGm;pOf tdrmrfBuD;u (1) yk*dKvfonf c&D;onfjzpfEkdifonf/ ( *sKd if ;atmufrSm tcsKdwpfckck S yf xm;Ekd if onf/ (3) 'D yk *d Kvfuav;i,f rsm;\ q&mjzpf Ek d ifonf [k ajymvk d ufojzih f yk *d Kvf wpf OD ;xoG m; if ;uk dar;jref ;pk H prf ;\/

txuf ygok H ;csufvkH ; rSefuef aMumif ;od&\/ rd wf aqG rsm;u td rmrf BuD ;uk dtusKd ;taMumif ;ar;jref ;aomtcg td rmrf BuD ;u

(u) 'D yk*d Kvfvrf ;avQmufvsuf[kd [k d'D'D *k pk d uf Munh f aew,f / c&D ;onf rsm;&J Uoabmtwk d if ;aygh/ (c) ol Uyck H ;ay: ,if aumif 0Jvsuf awG U&awmhtcsKd&S d aMumif ;&dyfrdw,f/ (pyspfajcmufukd Syf xm;onf/) (*) uav;i,frsm;ukd

*kwpk duf Munhf aewmjrif&w,f/ q&mawG&JU oabmvnf ; 'D twk dif;ygbJ[k ajzMum;onf/

urmh tv,f A[k d rdef ;rvsm uRef wpf OD ;onf ref pl&f xHcpm;cG ih f&xm;ol jzpfonf/ td rmrf BuD ;uk d

tqk d ; jrif ol jzpfonf/ wpf aeY if ;u a&muf aeaom td rmrf BuD ;tm; ar;jref ;onf rS m urm\tv,fA[kd b,frSmvJ tdrmrfBuD;u toifxkdifaewJh

ae&mjzpf aMumif;ajzonf/ (urm vk H ;aeaomfif ;xk difaeaom ae&monf tv,f A[k d jzpfonf/) r,k Hvsif wk d if;Munh f zk d Y ynmrJ h uk d ajymvk d uf jcif ;jzpfonf/ aemuf wpfcGef;u avmurS m tzk d rsm;ovm;? trrsm;ovm;[k ar;jref ; &m td rmrf BuD ;u tzk dvnf ;rsm;w,f? trvnf ;rsm;w,f/ 'geJ Y rif ;u tzk d xJ uvm;? trtk yf pk xJ uvm;[k ar;vk d uf&m if;rS m t&S uf& EI wf qd wfoG m;avonf/

refpl&fu if;ukdxk okdYaemufukd tdrmrfBuD;tm; rqufqH&ef ajymMum;avonf/

r[&f aMu;BuD ; rwif &bJaeum[f jzpf jcif ;vl i,f wpf OD ; td rmrf BuD ;xHcpm;avh&S donf/ wpf aeY if ;u rsKd ;BuD ;aqG BuD ;rS


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rdef;uav; wpfOD;ukd aeum[fjyKcsifw,f/ uRefawmfhbufrS pum;vnf; aMumif;vrf;NyD;ygNyD? 'gayr,fh r[&fawmif;wm uRefawmhfr rwwfpG rf;Ekdifjzpfaew,f/ 'gayr,fh tJ'Drdef;uav;ukdbJ pGJvef; aew,f/vrf ;pazmfay;yg&efavQmuf xm;\/

tdrmrfBuD ;u yxrawmh tpodcg&[fvk yf yg/ xkd Y aemuf ta


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wifjy\/vl i,f u td rmrf BuD ;pD rH wJ h twk d if ; auseyf ygw,f [l ajymMum;avonf/

rw&m;S if ;qJol tm;jywfom;pG m wkH h jyef ajzMum; ref pl&fonfwpfaeY td rmrf rmvpf uf? td Af EktADZk0k d if Af ES ih f td rmrf BuD;tm;

rdrd xH ac: rd rd cdvmzof wm0efES ih f pyfvsOf;NyD ; ar;jref ;&m yxrwpfOD ;uod rf arG UpG m aemuf wpf OD ;u tenf ; i,f Murf ;wrf ;pG m ajzMum;onf/ td rmrf BuD ;u

'D ;ef ES ih f pyfvsOf ; ar;jref ;cH&aom zof 0g ay;xk d ufol rsm;tm; rauseyf atmif rzefwD; &yg/ pifppf cifAsm;u uREkfyfwkdYukd t&Sifjrwfauseyfap ac:awG Uwmr[k wf/ vl wk d Y tjrif rS m cif Asm; u ynmh&S if rsm;yifvQifcvD z[f tvk d us zof 0gay;Muw,fvk d Y xif jrif apvk d jzpf w,f /

cifAsm; cvDz[fomjzpfoGm;w,f/ 'gayr,fh zof0g&SifESpfOD;awmi rpk pnf ;Ek d if yg/ pif ppfcdvmzofonf trsm;&J U r&S f 0&[feJ Y om aqmif&G uf tyf ygw,f/

wpf aeY ref pl&f u Ek tf rmef? cif Asm;tdvf rf uk db,f uqnf ;yl ;ovJ td rmrf BuD ;u'k wd , cvDz[f &J U wynh frsm;xHrS if;wk dY u [Z&of tk r&f( d )xHrS xkd Yjyif

pwk wcvD z[f &J U wynh f rsm; xH rSif ;wk d Y u [Z&of tk r&f xH rSxk d Y jyif tAf'Gv m[f td Af Ek ryf pf tl'f \ wynh f rsm;xH rS if;wkd Y u zuD [Gvf tGroftd AfEk ryf pf tl 'f xH rS qnf ;yl ;cJ honf/

w&m;a&;wm0ef ES ifU ywfouf NyD ; ajzMum;yk HtzkH zkH w&m;a&;wm0efcHtyf ES if ;vk d aomtcg td rmrf BuD;onfrefpl&f tm; ok d Y

ajzMum;onf/ uRef awmfae&mrxk d uf yg/ w&m;vk d u ouf aojy&w,f/ w&m;cH u

jiif;qefwJh tcg uprfusdef&w,f/ 'gayr,fh w&m;a&;wm0efqkdwm tvGefcufcJeufeJygw,f/

w&m;ol BuD ;qk d wm cif Asm;uk d a&m cvD z[f &J Uom;rsm;ukd a&m cvD z[f &J U wyfom;awGukd a&m bmrqkdqefYusif&mukd qkH;jzwfEkdifwJh owdcif Asm;uREk f yf uk d,ckvk d ac:vd k uf&iftd rf jyef ra&mufoa&G U at;csrf ;wJ htouf yif

rI Ek dif oabmu pd wf aomu zd pD ;aeygw,f/


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ref pl&f u cif Asm;uREk f yf&J U vuf aqmif awG uk d bmaMumih fvuf rcHovJ/ tdrmrf BuD ;u cif Asm;&J U yk d if qk d if rI jzpf wJ huk d ,f a&;uk d ,f wm vuf aqmif uk d

jyef ay;wm vk H ;0r&S dcJh bl ;/ 'grsKd; vuf aqmif uk d vufcHzk d Y toih f yg/ 'gayr,f h tpd k ;&b@mrSvuf aqmif yk d Y wm uREk f yf tzk d Y r,l xk d uf bl ;/ usKyf u wyf om;vnf ; r[kwf/ wyfrdom;pkvnf; r[kwfawmh a0pkr&Ekdifyg/ r&Sdqif;&Jom;vnf r[k wf awmhqG'u[f vnf ; ,lykd ifcG ih f r&S d wm trSef ygbJ/

aemuf wpf Bud rfac:NyD ; ref pl&f u cif Asm; 'D wm0ef ukd,l &r,f [k ajym&m

td rmrf BuD ;u vnf ; uREk f yf 'D wm0ef uk d vk H ;0r,l Ek difyg[k ajzonf/ ref pl&f u wzef uprfeJ Y wuGwm0ef tyf ES if ;jyef awmh teD ;&S d&AD tf qk dol u tdrmrfBuD; tm; cifAsm;rjrifbl;vm; trD&GvfrktfrdeD;efu uprfeJYwuG wm0eftyf ES if;aewm td rmrfBuD ;u trD&GvfrktfrdeD ;efonf uREkf yf xuf ykd NyD ; uprf&J U uzf zm&[f ukday;acsEk dif w,f /

aemif wpfcsdef rS m td rmrf BuD ; ajzMum;yk H u cif Asm; tvm[f uk d aMumufyg/ t&S if jrwf tm; aMumuf&G H Uol uk dom 'D trmeof uk dtyf ES if ;yg/ uREk f yf uawmhcif Asm; uREk f yf tay: MunfjzLauseyfaew,f qk d&ifawmif cif Asm;ukdpkd ;&d rf ae&w,f/

cif Asm;a'goayguf uG J aeNyD qk d&ifb,f vk d&S d rvJ / tajctaeES pf rsKd ;teuf u wpf rsKd ;ukda&G;cs,fyg '*sfv[f jrpf xJ ckefcsok d Y r[k wf w&m; a&; wm0ef uk d,l vk d Y ajym&ifa&epfcH zk d Y toih f yg/ xk d Y jyif cif Asm;&J U

txl ;tqihf&S d yk *d Kvfuk d av;pm; *kPf ay;zk d Y tvGef ta&;BuD ;w,f / usKyf rS m tJ 'Dvk dt&nf tcsif;rsKd ;vJ r&S d bl ;/

ref pl&f u cif Asm;pum;uk d u rS m;aew,f/ rkom;ajymaew,f/ cif Asm;rS m t&nf tcsif ; &Sd w,f /

tdrmrf BuD ;u ,ck bJ cif Asm;uk d ,f wk d if qk H;jzwfcsufcsvk duf NyD bJ 'D awmh rkom;0g'Duk d w&m;a&; trmeofb,fvk d tyf ES if ;vk dovJ/

trSefw&m;eJY ywfoufvmygu tdrmrfBuD;onf El;nHhrIukdrjy?csKdompGmrajym? aemif tem*wf&JU tusKd;ukd rufrxm;bJ trSefu

xk wf azmf wwfonf / tvk d&ruf&S daMumif ; vk H ;0 rjybJ w&m;ol BuD ; &mxl ;uk d yif ajcpk H uef ypfvkd ufonf / cvD z[f u usdef ajymawmhtd rmrf BuD ; vnf ; usdef yif


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y,f csvkd ufonf vkH ;0rrI ay/ wm0ef uk d 'k pk d uf *k dem[f [k r,l qyg/ w&m;a&;yef ;wk d if &v'f uk d

a&muf&ef rS m tvGef Murf ;wrf ;cJ ,Of ;aMumif ;cH ,l xm;onf/

td rmrf BuD ;\ aemuf qk H;tcsdef td rmrf BuD ;onf w&m;ol BuD ;wm0efvuf rcH aomaMumih f touf (70)wG if

Bud rf zef rsm; pG m Bud rf'Pf kd ufcH&onf/ Bud rf'Pf (10) r[kwf (20)r[k wf aeY pOf Bud rf'Pftcsuf aygif ; (30) k d ufcHonf/ aemuf qk H ; axmif uscH&NyD ; pm;aomufrnhfu@ukdyif Muyfwnf;atmifjyKvkyfum aemufqkH;tpmx tqdyfoihfap &S[D'fjyKcH&onf/ armofonfyif tdrmrfBuD;tzkdY vG wf ajrmuf p&mjzpf um p*sf'[f csvsuftouf uk dtouf &S if \ ajcawmf&if ;wG if

tyfESif ; vk d uf ayonf / td rmrfBuD;tm; trsm;jrKyf wJhuA&fpomefwG if rjrKyf bJ tjcm;ae&m

cdZf&mef wG if jrKyf&ef0pD ,of jyKcJ haMumif ; b*'uf&SduA&f pomefajrae&monf t"rvk ,l xm;aom ajrae&mjzpfojzih f ,if ;ae&m rjrKyf&ef rS mMum;cJ h aMumif ; r e fp l&fu a r ; j r e f ; aomaMumihf a j zMum;vkduf&m re fp l&fu touf &S if aeqJ umvrS maum? touf r&SifawmhwJ h tcsdef rS maum? tAl [eD z[f &J U wef jyefwd k ufck d uf rI rSusKyf uk drnfol umuG ,f u,f wif Ek d if rS mvJ [k ajymavonf/

tdrmrfBuD; uG,fvGefaMumif;Mum;odwJh olwkdif;a&mufvmoj wpfNrdKUvkH;qlnHoGm; avonf/ NrdKU\w&m;olBuD; [peftdAfEktr a&csKd;ay;onf/ tdrmrfBuD;uJhokdY ,ckrnfol rQr&Sd/ toihfxufzdu[frS BuD;us,folr&Sdyg/ tdrmrfBuD;onf xl;jcm;ajymifajrmufrItaygif;uk yk dif qkd ifoljzpf ygonf [k if ;uajzMum;cJ honf /

*semZ[f(6)Budrf&yfcJhonf/ yxrtBudrfrSm vlOD;a&(5)aomif;&Sdr ajrjrKyfNyD;aomf vnf; vlwkdY a&mufvmrqJjzpfae&m &uf(20)w *semZ[f zwf Muonf/

tdrmrf BuD ;\ aumif;jcif ;rsm; wpf aeY [mlef&&S D'f u tdrmrf BuD ;\ tcsif ;vuPmb,fvk d&S dcJ hovJ [k

wynh f td rmrf tAl ,l pG zf tm; ar;jref ;\/ td rmrf tAl ,l pG zf u rdef Y Mum;onf rS m


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tvGefoyf uf 0g&S dol wm;jrpfcsuf[lorQrStvGef a&S mif MuOfol 'G E ,m&J U uRef rsm;ES if h uif ;&S if ;atmif aeol tNrJ EI wf qd wf aeol trsm; tm;jzih f awG ;awmaeoltusKd ;rJ h ES ih f OD ;wnfcsuf r&S d aom pum;uk d&G H&S mol jzpfonf/ ryf pf tv[f ar;vsifod xm;ygu ajzMum; rodygu EIwfydwfaeonf/ tDrmefESihf 'DeftpGef;txif;r&Sd& 0d&d,xm;onf/ twif;qkdu tvGefa&Smifonf tjcm;oltaMumif;qkd&if taumif ;om ajymavh&S donf/

nvk H ;ayguf Ek d ;Mum;um td Am'of wG if arG Uavsmfonf wcgw&Hik d ,k d aeonf rS m *smermZf (zsmMurf ; )ay : r suf&nfawmufawmufusaeoHrSm tquf rjywf rk d;&G moGef ;onh f yrmjzpfonf/

olawmf pifBuD;rsm;\tqk d tdrmrftAl[eDz[fonf tBuD;qkH;zdu[fynm&Sif


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td rmrf ttf Zrf\ ukd ,f pm;wm0efcH (1) tdrmrf tAl ,l pG zf

wynh f ausmf rsm;teuftAl ,l pG zfonf q&mtzk d Y *kPf ,l xk d uf aom mPf&S if t&nf tcsif ;&S dol jzpfonf/ [pf *sf&D93 (712)ul z[fwG if arG ;onf /

i , f&G,fpOfrSyif ynmukd j rwfEkd;onf / ,oD;rf jzpf qif ;&Jom;td rf axmif pk rS jzpfonf/ rdcif u tvk yfoif&efwpf ae&m tyf xm;onf/

vrf ;ckvwf wG if td rmrf BuD ;\ otf vD rf 0k d if ;uk djrif& 0if xk d if avh&S donf/ rdcifcjrm owif ;Mum;&NyD ; td rmrf BuD ;xHcpm;um rd rd tajctaeaMumih f om;tm; jypf wifonf/ rdcif tm; td rmrf BuD ;u ES pfod rf h pum;ajymNyD ; uk d,f wk d ifjyKpk a&; wm0ef ,l vk d ufonf /

tdrmrftAl,lpGzfonfmPf&nfxufjrufonhftjyif rk*sm['gvnf ;'GefwG Jvk d ufojzihfrMumrDvl wkd Y tzk d Y xl ;qef ;onh f tqih f uk d a&muf&S doG m;onf/

rdcif uwpfzuf rdom;pk uwpf zuf cpf'f rof jyKaeaomfvnf ; ynma&;uk d pHcsdef rDonf txd Bud K;pm;avonf/ uk d,f h rdom;pkrSm (3)&uf wk d if iwf jywfonh f tajcok d Y a&mufcJh aomfvnf ; oif cef ;pmuk d vuf rvG wfcJ h ay/ wpf aeY tdrmrf BuD ; uk d ,f wk d if u uREk f yf wk d Y tk yf pk&J U tBuD ;qk H ; tmvif rfonf tAl ,l pG zf jzpf aMumif ; rdefY avonf/

cvDz[fr[f'DacwfwGif w&m;a&;wm0efukd tmPm&SifwkdY\ tEGHtwmcH&jcif;rS vGwfvyfoGm;NyDjzpfonf/ xkdtcsdefu b*'u ta&SUykd if;w&m;olBuD;tjzpfwm0efxrf;aqmif cJhonf / wzef cvDz[f[m'D acwf a&mufvmawmhb*'uf Nrd KUwpf Nrd KUvk H ;&J U umZDcef Y xm;vkd ufonf /

wzef [pf *sf&D 170 (876)wG if [mlef&&S D'f cvD z[f jzpfvmaomtcg tdrmrftAl,lpGzf tm; tkyfcsKyfrI e,fy,fukd wkdif;EkdifiH tm;vkH;twG w&m;ol BuD ;csKyf tjzpf cef Y tyf vk d ufonf/

[mlef&&S D'fonf MoZmwd urBuD ;us,f aom pm&d w jrih f jrwf NyD ; td Am'of uk dck H rif aom tvGef&uf a&maom bk&if jzpfonf/ if ;aMumih f zd u[f [ezD uk d

tpkd;&Oya'tjzpf owfrSwfum us,fjyefYaom EkdifiHwpfvTm;rSm


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,if ;twkd if ;pD&if qk H ;jzwf NyD ; tk yfcsKyfavonf/ pifppf tdrmrftAl,lpGzf\ tpDtpOfjzihf tdrmrfBuD; OD;aqmifNyD

zd u[f wpf&yfuk dpk pnf ; wif jycJ honf rsm;uk dwpfcsdef u ,if ;zdu[f uk dr'g&d pf ES ih f rpm*spf'f rsm;om vufcHusih fok H ;cJ h aomfvnf ; ,ck rl td rf wk d if ;ae&mXmewk dif ;rS m usih fok H ;vmMuap&eftm;xk wfcJ honf/ xk d Y aMumih f vl xk ES ih f wuGrif ;nD rif ;om;rsm;yif wav;wpm; tmkH jyKvmonf/ xk d tcgu 0g'uG J rsm; acgif ;axmifaewJ h tcsdef? zd u[f [ezD rysuf rajymif ;ap&eftvsif tjref xnh foG if ; ae&m,l&efta&;BuD ; ayonf / ok d Y jzih f zdu[f [ezD\ OD ;aqmif rIonf Xmeqk d if&mES ihfwpf OD ;csif ; u@rSmyifouf a&mufoG m;avonf/

w&m;cHonf tqihfjrihf&mxl;&Sifyifjzpfap w&m;vkdESihftw rwfwwf&yf&onhf tpOf tvmukd azmfxkwfcJhonf/ zdu[f Oya'om pk d;rk d ;vmNyDjzpf&m rw&m;tcG ihf xl ;cH tjzpf a&G ;cs,f yk difcG ih f r&S d awmh ay/

,[l 'D wpf OD ;onf [mlef&&S D ;'f \ w&m;Nyd Kif tjzpf k H ;awmfok d Y qih f ac:vk d uf&m [mlef&&S D'f uk d yif if ;ES ih f twl xk dif aponf / ,[l 'D u tenf ;i,f aemufqk wf xkd i f aeo jz ih f td rmr f tAl , lpGzfu w&m;kH;rSm bk&ifqif;&Jom;wpfom;wpfqihfwnf;jzpfonf/ tpvmrfu rnfolU ukdrQ tcGih f ta&;omyk d ay;wmrsKd ;r&S d/ aemuf qkwf rxk d if ygeJ Y / wnD wnmomxk difyg[k rdefY avonf/

aemifvmaemufom;rsm; Oya'ukd av;pm;? usihfokH;jzpf&ef tdrmrf tAl ,l pG zfonf w&m;ol BuD ;csKyfwm0ef uk dxrf ;aqmifvsuf u@rsm;cG J usrf ;BuD ; usrf ;i,f rsm; jyKpkcJ h&m tpvmrf h b@ma&;(tcGef taumuf )ES ih f pyfvsOf ;]udomAGvfcd&m*sf} trnf&S d usrf ;BuD ; wpf aqmif uk d a&;om;cJ honf/

ynmeufI d if ;rI ryfpf tv[f rsm;\ rSef uef aooyf rI aMumih f usrf ;onf

acwf wk d if ; wG if tvGef ausmf Mum;cJ honf/ wpf zuf wG if w&m;a&;rsm; rQwoef Y pif&ef pD pOf aeouJ hok d Y w&m; ojzih f tk yfcsKyf jzpf&eftmum&rif ;nD rif ;om;ES ih f tk yfcsKyf aom tzGJUtpnf;rsm;tm; Oy

Eimarm Abu Hanifah အိမာမ္ႀကီး အဘူဟနီဖဟ္

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Transcript of Eimarm Abu Hanifah အိမာမ္ႀကီး အဘူဟနီဖဟ္