양자정보로드맵 - KIASconf.kias.re.kr/QI/qi030821/k01.pdf양자정보처리 •...
Transcript of 양자정보로드맵 - KIASconf.kias.re.kr/QI/qi030821/k01.pdf양자정보처리 •...
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양자물리학 정보과학
양자정보과학
양자병렬성디지털보다 지수함수적으로 크고 빠른 양자컴퓨터양자푸리에변환, 양자데이터검색, 나노 시뮬레이션(양자다체문제)
양자복사불가능성, 양자측정의 비가역성양자암호, 절대적인 디지털보안
양자얽힘의 양자상관성양자원격전송, 양자압축코딩, 양자암호, 양자이미징
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Who would give up the huge Hilbert Space,the Nonlocality,and the novelty of quantum measurements?
Q Comp
Q CommQ MetrQ Img
Q Crypt
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양자 정보 처리
• 양자 컴퓨터– 양자 알고리듬: 소프트웨어
• 양자시스템 시뮬레이션
• 큰 수 소인수 분해
• 데이터베이스 검색
– 실험: 하드웨어• Ion Trap• NMR• Cavity QED, etc.
NT
IT
BT
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양자 정보 처리
• 양자 통신
– 양자 암호 기술• 완벽한 보안 보장
• 양자암호키의 생성 및 전송– 광섬유 100 km (Toshiba UK, 2003)– 대기 중 23.4 km 위성 암호통신
– 양자 원격 전송
• 광자
• 원자, 분자
IT
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Quantum Information ProcessingRoadmap (1987-1998)
Research Goals
(from Michael Brooks)
Basic Research• Quantum interference• Ion traps• Cavity QED• Quantum dots• NMR schemes• Si:P• Shor’s algorithm• Quantum cryptography• Grover’s algorithm• Single photon detector• Error correction
Applications
Now• Photon counters• Precision range finding• Optical time-domain
reflectometry• Metrology• Secure optical
communications
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Quantum Information ProcessingRoadmap (1998-2003)
Research Goals
(from Michael Brooks)(from Michael Brooks)
ApplicationsNear Term Goals• NMR to do 8 qubit QC• 3-5 photon entanglement• 3-5 qubit ion trap• Quantum dot gate• Silicon-based gate• Few qubit applications• New algorithms• Fault tolerant QC• Novel QC• Quantum repeaters• Quantum amplifiers• Detectors• Sources
Near Future• Quantum cryptography
demonstrators• General quantum
communications• Random number generators• 2-photon metrology• DNA sequencing• Single molecule sensors• Simulation of quantum systems• Quantum gyroscopes
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Quantum Information ProcessingRoadmap (2003-2015)
(from Michael Brooks)
Research GoalsApplications
Mid Term Goals• 10 - 20 qubit computation• Demonstrator systems• Novel algorithms• Macroscopic superposition• Bose condensate
connections• Quasi-classical few particle
gates and bits
Far Future• Quantum repeaters• Quantum amplifiers• Quantum computers
- factoring- non-structured information
retrieval• Molecular simulation
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2002.12.1http://qist.lanl.govRichard Hughes et al.
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Quantum CircuitDiVincenzo, Qu-Ph/0002077
1. Scalable Qubits
t⊕|0⟩|0⟩|0⟩
…X1H2CX13|Ψ⟩
2. 초기상태 준비3. Cohere,Not Decohere
X MH
M|Ψ⟩ M
4. Universal Gates 유니터리 동역학: 결정론적: 가역적
5. 양자측정: 확률적: 비가역적 변화
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Quantum Networking
Alice Bob
6. Interconvertibility between stationary and flying qubits.
7. Faithful transmission of flying qubits.DiVincenzo, Qu-Ph/0002077
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Single-& Two-Qubit Gates
양자오류수정
양자컴퓨터
Single-& Two-Qubit Gates
양자텔레포테이션
양자암호키전송[E91]양자중계기
Single-Qubit Gates양자암호키전송
[BB84,B92]
40100
≥≥
3∼
3∼√
√
7-Qubit QC√
√
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High-Level Goalsof the Road Map for QC
By 2012, QC science test-beds with sufficient complexity to explore architectural and algorithmic issues
• By 2007:– Encode a single qubit into a
state of logical qubit– Perform a repetitive error
correction of the logical qubit
– Transfer the state of the logical into the state of another set of physical qubits with high fidelity
• By 2012:– Implement a concatenated
quantum error-correcting code
• Fault-tolerant scalability– Creating deterministic, on-demand
quantum entanglement– Encoding quantum information into a
logical qubit– Extending the lifetime of quantum
information– Communicating quantum information
coherently from one part of a QC to another
• ~ 50 physical qubits– multiple logical qubits through the full
range of operations required for F-T QC in order to perform a simple instance of a relevant quantum algorithm
– a natural experimental QC benchmark that a digital computer cannot simulate
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Promise Criteria
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2003~2007 Development Status Metric
1. Creation of a qubit
1.1 Demonstrate preparation and readout of both qubit states.
2. Single-qubit operations
2.1 Demonstrate Rabi flops of a qubit.
2.2 Demonstrate decoherence times much longer than Rabi oscillation period.
2.3 Demonstrate control of both degrees of freedom on the Bloch sphere.
3. Two-qubit operations
3.1 Implement coherent two-qubit quantum logic operations.
3.2 Produce and characterize the Bell entangled states.
3.3 Demonstrate decoherence times much longer than two-qubit gate times.
4. Operations on 3–10 physical qubits
4.1 Produce a Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state of three physical qubits.
4.2 Produce maximally-entangled states of four and more physicalqubits.
4.3 Quantum state and process tomography.
4.4 Demonstrate decoherence-free subspaces (DFSs).
4.5 Demonstrate the transfer of quantum information (e.g., teleportation, entanglement
swapping, multiple SWAP operations etc.) between physical qubits.
4.6 Demonstrate quantum error-correcting codes.
4.7 Demonstrate simple quantum algorithms (e.g., Deutsch-Josza).
4.8 Demonstrate quantum logic operations with fault-tolerant precision.
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2008~2012 Development Status Metric
5. Operations on one logical qubit
5.1 Create a single logical qubit and “keep it alive” using repetitive error correction.
5.2 Demonstrate fault-tolerant quantum control of a single logical qubit.
6. Operations on two logical qubits
6.1 Implement two-logical-qubit operations.
6.2 Produce two-logical-qubit Bell states.
6.3 Demonstrate fault-tolerant two-logical-qubit operations.
7. Operations on 3–10 logical qubits
7.1 Produce a GHZ-state of three logical qubits.
7.2 Produce maximally-entangled states of four and more logical qubits.
7.3 Demonstrate the transfer of quantum information between logical qubits.
7.4 Demonstrate simple quantum algorithms (e.g., Deutsch-Josza) with logical qubits.
7.5 Demonstrate fault-tolerant implementation of simple quantum algorithms with logical qubits.
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NMR
Lee
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NMR1. Scalable Qubits
t⊕|0⟩|0⟩|0⟩
…X1H2CX13|Ψ⟩
2. Initialize
3. Cohere, Not Decohere
X MH
M|Ψ⟩ M
5. Measurement4. Universal Gates
Alice
EVE
Bob
6. Interconvertibility between stationary and flying qubits.
7. Faithful transmission of flying qubits.
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NMR
1. Creation of a qubit
1.1 Demonstrate preparation and readout of both qubit states.
2. Single-qubit operations
2.1 Demonstrate Rabi flops of a qubit.
2.2 Demonstrate decoherence times much longer than Rabi oscillation period.
2.3 Demonstrate control of both degrees of freedom on the Bloch sphere.
3. Two-qubit operations
3.1 Implement coherent two-qubit quantum logic operations.
3.2 Produce and characterize the Bell entangled states.
3.3 Demonstrate decoherence times much longer than two-qubit gate times.
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NMR4. Operations on 3–10 physical qubits
4.1 Produce a Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state of three physical qubits.
4.2 Produce maximally-entangled states of four and more physical qubits.
4.3 Quantum state and process tomography.
4.4 Demonstrate decoherence-free subspaces (DFSs).
4.5 Demonstrate the transfer of quantum information (e.g., teleportation, entanglement
swapping, multiple SWAP operations etc.) between physical qubits.
4.6 Demonstrate quantum error-correcting codes.
4.7 Demonstrate simple quantum algorithms (e.g., Deutsch-Josza).
4.8 Demonstrate quantum logic operations with fault-tolerant precision.
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5. Operations on one logical qubit
5.1 Create a single logical qubit and “keep it alive” using repetitive error correction.
5.2 Demonstrate fault-tolerant quantum control of a single logical qubit.
6. Operations on two logical qubits
6.1 Implement two-logical-qubit operations.
6.2 Produce two-logical-qubit Bell states.
6.3 Demonstrate fault-tolerant two-logical-qubit operations.
7. Operations on 3–10 logical qubits
7.1 Produce a GHZ-state of three logical qubits.
7.2 Produce maximally-entangled states of four and more logical qubits.
7.3 Demonstrate the transfer of quantum information between logical qubits.
7.4 Demonstrate simple quantum algorithms (e.g., Deutsch-Josza) with logical qubits.
7.5 Demonstrate fault-tolerant implementation of simple quantum algorithms with logical qubits.
NMR
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NMR
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Optical QC
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Optical QC 1. Scalable Qubits
t⊕|0⟩|0⟩|0⟩
…X1H2CX13|Ψ⟩
2. Initialize
3. Cohere, Not Decohere
X MH
M|Ψ⟩ M
5. Measurement4. Universal Gates
Alice
EVE
Bob
6. Interconvertibility between stationary and flying qubits.
7. Faithful transmission of flying qubits.
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Optical QC
1. Creation of a qubit
1.1 Demonstrate preparation and readout of both qubit states.
2. Single-qubit operations
2.1 Demonstrate Rabi flops of a qubit.
2.2 Demonstrate decoherence times much longer than Rabi oscillation period.
2.3 Demonstrate control of both degrees of freedom on the Bloch sphere.
3. Two-qubit operations
3.1 Implement coherent two-qubit quantum logic operations.
3.2 Produce and characterize the Bell entangled states.
3.3 Demonstrate decoherence times much longer than two-qubit gate times.
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Optical QC 4. Operations on 3–10 physical qubits
4.1 Produce a Greenberger, Horne, and Zeilinger (GHZ) entangled state of three physical qubits.
4.2 Produce maximally-entangled states of four and more physical qubits.
4.3 Quantum state and process tomography.
4.4 Demonstrate decoherence-free subspaces (DFSs).
4.5 Demonstrate the transfer of quantum information (e.g., teleportation, entanglement
swapping, multiple SWAP operations etc.) between physical qubits.
4.6 Demonstrate quantum error-correcting codes.
4.7 Demonstrate simple quantum algorithms (e.g., Deutsch-Josza).
4.8 Demonstrate quantum logic operations with fault-tolerant precision.
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5. Operations on one logical qubit
5.1 Create a single logical qubit and “keep it alive” using repetitive error correction.
5.2 Demonstrate fault-tolerant quantum control of a single logical qubit.
6. Operations on two logical qubits
6.1 Implement two-logical-qubit operations.
6.2 Produce two-logical-qubit Bell states.
6.3 Demonstrate fault-tolerant two-logical-qubit operations.
7. Operations on 3–10 logical qubits
7.1 Produce a GHZ-state of three logical qubits.
7.2 Produce maximally-entangled states of four and more logical qubits.
7.3 Demonstrate the transfer of quantum information between logical qubits.
7.4 Demonstrate simple quantum algorithms (e.g., Deutsch-Josza) with logical qubits.
7.5 Demonstrate fault-tolerant implementation of simple quantum algorithms with logical qubits.
Optical QC
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Optical QC
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Quantum Cryptography:A to B
- 100 km using fiber (Toshiba UK, 2003)- 23.4 km on air Satellite comm
A E B
A to R1 to R2 to … to B
A, B, C, D, … on the network
Quantum Imaging
Quantum Metrology
And whatelse?
√√ ?
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Who would give up the huge Hilbert Space,the Nonlocality,and the novelty of quantum measurements?