ꕢ뻉엩늣띾ꪺ륌ꕨ뉻Ꙣ뭐ꖼ꣓ -...

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半導體產業的過去現在與未來 徐爵民 工業技術研究院 200423

Transcript of ꕢ뻉엩늣띾ꪺ륌ꕨ뉻Ꙣ뭐ꖼ꣓ -...

Page 1: ꕢ뻉엩늣띾ꪺ륌ꕨ뉻Ꙣ뭐ꖼ꣓ - cs.nccu.edu.tlien/Class/Seminar/2004s/Speech01/shyu.pdf · ꕢ뻉엩덎ꢽ땻꒣쉟뒣ꭥ륆ꚨ 1995 0.1 0.05 0.5 ‘94 version '97 '99 Two

半導體產業的過去現在與未來

徐爵民工業技術研究院2004年2月3日

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半導體技術重要發展里程回顧

• 1947: Bipolar Transistor• 1958: Integrated Circuit• 1960: MOSFET Transistor• 1961: 1st Commercial IC• 1963: CMOS• 1965: Moore’s Law

– Integration complexity doubles every 1-2 years

• 1967: Memory• 1970: DRAM (1Kbit)• 1971: Microprocessor (4004) • …• 2000: DRAM (1Gbit)• 2002: Pentium IV

1st Transistor 1st Integrated Circuit

1st Microprocessor

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半導體技術里程不斷提前達成

1995

0.1

0.05

0.5

‘94 version

'97'99

Two and half Years

Feat

ure

Size

(µm

)

MPU gate length

2001 updated

DRAM half pitch'00

2000 2005 2010 2015

Source: International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (1994 – 2001)

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半導體產業景氣循環漩渦

供給過剩 大量投資

新廠商進入 美國→日本 (1984 )→韓國 (1988)→台灣(1995)

價格低落

變動成本變高 單位成本降低

低價傾銷退出DRAM市場

利潤提高

開發新產品

刺激應用及需求

建廠經費「六吋→八吋→十二吋」

0.5B 1B 3B16Mb ASP91($350)→93($90)→95($48)→97($7.6)→98($4)

技術能力提昇降低生產量

摩爾定律:「每三年增加四倍電晶體數」製程技術:「微米→次微米→深次微米」晶圓材料:「四吋→六吋→八吋→十二吋」

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全球半導體市場成長率變化

Source: WSTS (2003/10); IEK/ITRI (2003/11)

27

5 3

20

46

-17

23 23

38

84

8 10

2932

42

-9

4

-8

19

36.8

-32

1.2

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

40

50

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

f

2006

f

成長率 (%)

WW Recession

Over-Capacity

PC

WW Recession

Over-Capacity

Cellular Phone

WW Recession

Over-Capacity

Internet/PC

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半導體市場成長率預測有多準?%

149.4

195.1

234.4

289

15.6

18.7

15.6

12.2

18.9

30.6

20.2

13.6

8.5

39.2

20.3

11.1 10.4

BUSD 結果是 - 32% !!!40

300266.3

35 WSTS市場預測資料

1999年10月預測25030 2000年5月預測

200 2000年10月預測25

20150

15100

10

505

00 2000 (e) 2001 (f) 2002 (f) 2003 (f)1999資料來源: 工研院經資中心 (Oct. 2000)

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積體電路設計

資料輸出

金屬層連結及保護層

離子植入及氧化薄膜沈積

積體電路製造流程

電腦佈局

邏輯設計

電腦製程控制晶粒測試及切割

光罩設計 光罩微影技術

晶圓基座長晶 晶圓切割

晶粒黏附及打線蝕刻

無所不在的IC應用

IC 成品

成品測試封裝

資料來源: ICE (1993)

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“PowerPC 750”之金屬導線結構

Source: IBM (1999)

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手機基頻晶片

ROMMCU

DSPGates

RAMAnalog

2000+ phones on each 8” wafer @ .15 Leff

Source: Texas Instruments (2000)

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藍芽晶片

BlueCore2BT RF•Low IF architecture•On-chip VCO•Digital GFSKBT Baseband•16-bit MCU•Link Controller•Embedded SRAM•Embedded Flash•USB, UART, SPI, PIO•Audio PCM IFTechnology•0.25um CMOS

Source: CSR (2001)

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PC晶片組 (4X AGP)SiS630S

North Bridge•Flexible FSB66-150MHz

•PC133 SDRAMMemory Controller

•4X AGP Support128-Bit 2D/3D Graphics Controller (SiS300)•CRT Interface•w/ MC, IDCT, VLDAcceleration

South Bridge•ATA100•AC97 Audio•ACR•Fast Ethernet/HPNA w/o PHY•Dual USB•LPCTechnology•0.18um CMOS•12M Transistors• 672BGA Source: SiS (2000)

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系統整合晶片: SoC (System-on-a-Chip)

RAMRAM

FlashFlash

DSPCoreDSPCore

µPµP

Modem andMultimedia

Blocks

Modem andMultimedia

Blocks

Analog/MixedSignal

Analog/MixedSignal

IP

use

ControlASICµPDSPMemoryAnalogRFSoftware!!!

Re

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半導體產業結構之改變

晶圓代工

系統設計

設計軟體工具

IC設計

矽智財

IC設計

設計服務

晶圓代工

設計軟體工具

系統設計

封裝與測試 封裝與測試

資料來源: IEK/ITRI (Jun. 2003)

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半導體產業技術發展趨勢

• 縮小元件尺寸

– 奈米電子 (Nanoelectronics)元件• 提升整合密度

– 系統整合晶片(System-on-a-Chip)– 系統整合封裝(System-in-a-Package)

• 尋求新的應用與技術

– 微機電系統 (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System; MEMS)– 生物晶片– 有機電晶體 (Organic Transistor)– …

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半導體產業技術發展趨勢

• 縮小元件尺寸

– 奈米電子 (Nanoelectronics)元件• 提升整合密度

– 系統整合晶片(System-on-a-Chip)– 系統整合封裝(System-in-a-Package)

• 尋求新的應用與技術

– 微機電系統 (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System; MEMS)– 生物晶片– 有機電晶體 (Organic Transistor)– …

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元件尺寸持續縮小的挑戰

Channel Length

Source Drain

Gate

•漏電流•工作電壓•通道長度

Gate Oxide

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奈米電子元件的研究方向

• 延長CMOS “壽命”• 降低SoC製造成本

– 如: 高密度高速非揮發性記憶體(如MRAM)• 前瞻性分子電子電路

– 如: 奈米碳管電晶體

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奈米碳管: 奈米級寬度的分子線

頭髮直徑: 60um奈米碳管直徑: 1~2nm

奈米碳管直徑 : 頭髮直徑 = 頭髮直徑 : 成人身高

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奈米碳管電晶體

Source: IBM (2001)

Page 20: ꕢ뻉엩늣띾ꪺ륌ꕨ뉻Ꙣ뭐ꖼ꣓ - cs.nccu.edu.tlien/Class/Seminar/2004s/Speech01/shyu.pdf · ꕢ뻉엩덎ꢽ땻꒣쉟뒣ꭥ륆ꚨ 1995 0.1 0.05 0.5 ‘94 version '97 '99 Two

半導體產業技術發展趨勢

• 縮小元件尺寸

– 奈米電子 (Nanoelectronics)元件• 提升整合密度

– 系統整合晶片(System-on-a-Chip)– 系統整合封裝(System-in-a-Package)

• 尋求新的應用與技術

– 微機電系統 (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System; MEMS)– 生物晶片– 有機電晶體 (Organic Transistor)– …

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系統整合封裝(System-in-a-Package)

• 整合多晶片與被動元件於一個模組中

• 四種類型– Stacked Die (Chip) Package

– Stacked Package on Package

– Integrated Module (PCB or LTCC based module with embedded passives)

– Traditional MCM (Multiple Chip Module)

Source: Prismark (2003)

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低溫共燒陶瓷 (LTCC)

Source: Kyocera

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PCB基板之演進

Single Layer

MultiLayer

Build up

Embedded Passives

(Integral Substrate)

Embedded Passives & Actives

1995 ~

2005 ~

EOCB

Functional Substrate

HDIPCB

Source: JIEP, ERSO (2000)

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內藏被動元件之基板

Embedded CapacitorCore (FR4)

Embedded Resistor

HDI (Build up)

Source: Nikkei Electronics Asia (May 2003)

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內藏式電容與電感

Metal-1 Via

Metal-2

Hi-Dk

Metal-1ViaMetal-2

Source: ERSO/ITRI (2002)

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內藏被動元件之藍芽模組

• Embedded L, C, Balun, BPF

• RF Transceiver module

• Embedded Balun• Embedded BPF

Source: Electronic Components and Technology Conference (2003)

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立體(3D)封裝

Wafer Stacking / Chip Stacking

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立體晶片堆疊Z-direction through hole

Source: 工研院電子所 (2003)

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晶圓磨薄與晶片堆疊

Bonding

Bonding

Chip A

Chip B

Chip C

3D Chip Stacking

Source: Tohoku University (2003)

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內藏晶片之基板

Embedded Chip Double Side I/O

Stacked Package

Thinned chip

thickness: 25µm~100 µm

Chip bonding on film type substrate

I/O redistributing from chip to substrate

Dielectric layer laminating and patterning

Electroless Cu process

Dielectric layer laminating and patterning

Metal trace forming

Source: IZM, ERSO/ITRI (2003)

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立體的電路系統整合

Ultra-Thin Carrier

Integral Passive Substrate

Flip Chip/DCA 3D Memory Module

Ultra-Thin Chip

Vertical Interconnection

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半導體產業技術發展趨勢

• 縮小元件尺寸

– 奈米電子 (Nanoelectronics)元件• 提升整合密度

– 系統整合晶片(System-on-a-Chip)– 系統整合封裝(System-in-a-Package)

• 尋求新的應用與技術

– 微機電系統 (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System; MEMS)– 生物晶片– 有機電晶體 (Organic Transistor)– …

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微機電系統技術

CO SensorRF-MEMSOptical Switch

Micro ValveNozzle Hole Square Plate

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以微機電技術儲存資料

Source: IBM (2001)

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Millipede (IBM)

Source: IBM Zurich (2001)

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ELISA 酵素免疫分析晶片Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (Hepatitis C)

抗原佈植

Add 50ul antigen (100ng/ml, HCV core antigen)

incubate, 37oC, 1hr

Wash (PBS)

Add 100ul 1st antibody (Human serum)

incubate, 37oC, 30min

Wash (PBS)

Add 100ul 2nd antibody (IgG-HRP)

incubate, 37oC, 30min

Wash (PBS)

Add 50ul develop buffer (TMB)

incubate, 37oC, 10min

Add 50ul stop buffer (H2SO4)Serum

PBSIgG+HRP

PBSTMB

H2SO4

免疫反應

呈色

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微型酵素免疫分析模組

Source: 工研院電子所 (2003)

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半導體產業技術發展趨勢

• 縮小元件尺寸

– 奈米電子 (Nanoelectronics)元件• 提升整合密度

– 系統整合晶片(System-on-a-Chip)– 系統整合封裝(System-in-a-Package)

• 尋求新的應用與技術

– 微機電系統 (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System; MEMS)– 生物晶片– 有機電晶體 (Organic Transistor)– …

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薄膜電晶體液晶顯示器(TFT-LCD)

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超薄型 TFT-LCD

4.1” VGA (640x480) TFT-LCD• Pixel pitch: 43x130 (um)• Aperture ratio: 34%• Light weight: 1/4 of conventional• Ultra-thin: 0.2mm, 1/7 of conventional

Source: 工研院電子所 (2003)

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玻璃基板上的微處理器

• Z80 on glass

– 13,000 TFTs, L/W = 2um/8um

– 3MHz @5V

– 6 CPU testkeys on 5” glass

Source: ISSCC (2003)

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軟性 (Flexible) OLED 顯示器

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塑膠/軟性顯示器

CanonE-INK

DuPont

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有機電晶體

Semiconductor

substratesubstrate

gategate

sourcesource draindraindielectricdielectric

sourcesource draindraindielectricdielectric

gategate

substratesubstrate

Bottom Gate Top Gate

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有機材料

Oligomer

Insoluble Insoluble

Vacuum depositedVacuum deposited

Higher performanceHigher performance

Small substrate size

Polymer

SolubleSoluble

Solution processSolution process

Lower performanceLower performance

Large substrate sizeSmall substrate size Large substrate size

P3HT, Poly (3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl), regioregular

Pentacene

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以印刷製程製作有機電晶體

Resolution = 30um

PEDOT(導電高分子)

PESGate by Ink-jet Printer Gate by Contact Printer

PI

Insulator by Spin Coater Insulator by Contact Printer

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以印刷製程製作有機電晶體(續)

Semiconductor by Ink-jet Printer Semiconductor by Contact Printer

Ink-jet: 高分子 (P3HT,…)

Thermal Coater: 小分子 (Pentacene, …)

Semiconductor by Thermal Coater

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以印刷製程製作有機電晶體(續)

S/D by Ink-jet Printer S/D by Contact Printer

S/D by Screen Printer

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以印刷製程製作有機電晶體(續)

(PVP, PI)

Passivation by Ink-jet Printer Passivation by Contact Printer

Passivation by Screen Printer Passivation by Spin coater & Photolithography

“透明”電晶體!!!(in Class 100)

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以有機電晶體驅動之TFT-LCD

3” OTFT-TNLCD (64x128 pixels)

Source: ERSO/ITRI (2003)

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大面積 IC

Page 53: ꕢ뻉엩늣띾ꪺ륌ꕨ뉻Ꙣ뭐ꖼ꣓ - cs.nccu.edu.tlien/Class/Seminar/2004s/Speech01/shyu.pdf · ꕢ뻉엩덎ꢽ땻꒣쉟뒣ꭥ륆ꚨ 1995 0.1 0.05 0.5 ‘94 version '97 '99 Two

軟性電子(Flexible Electronics)技術

• 低成本: 捲軸式(Roll-to-Roll)印刷製程

• 低功率消耗

• 適合大面積應用

• 需要完全不同於目前的IC設計技術

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展望: 無所不在的半導體技術 (I)

Source: 工研院電子所 (2003)

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展望: 無所不在的半導體技術 (II)

Source: 工研院電子所 (2003)

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展望: 無所不在的半導體技術 (III)

Source: 工研院電子所 (2003)

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全球半導體產業重心逐漸移至亞太地區

2000~2006年半導體市場(依地區)

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

2000200120022003e2004f2005f2006f

美洲 歐洲 日本 亞太百萬美元

2001~2006 CAGR美洲:2.5% 歐洲:6.0%日本:8.7% 亞太:17.6%

Source: WSTS (Oct. 2003)