太陽光電系統支撐架腐蝕加速試驗規範選用

中華民國防蝕工程學會 太陽能支撐架防蝕實務論壇

羅俊雄博士NACE國際認証腐蝕專家 Corrosion Specialist

NACE國際認証陰極保護專家 CP Specialist

工業技術研究院材料與化工研究所

中華民國109年9月4日

臺灣太陽光電發電系統支撐架防銹耐蝕性能試驗標準規範(草案)中華民國太陽光電發電系統商業同業公會 109 年2 月初版

CNS 15200-7-8 ~ ISO 11997-1 ~ JIS K5600-7-9 ~ IEC 60068-2-52：塗料中性鹽霧試驗，無UV測試

CNS 15200-7-8 塗料一般試驗法－第7-8 部：塗膜之長期性能－耐循環腐蝕試驗法－鹽水噴霧/乾燥/濕潤

前言

本標準係依據 2005 年發行之第2 版ISO 11997-1，不變更技術內容，制定成為中華民國國家標準者。

102年1月30日公布

CNS 15200-7-8 表 C.1 循環A 之操作條件

ISO 11997-1:2017(en) Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions — Part 1: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humid

中性鹽霧試驗，無UV測試

提問：

• 鋼鐵與含鋅金屬的被覆基材(如鍍鋅、鍍鋁鋅、鋁鎂鋅)在C1-CX大氣腐蝕環境中，是否都一定需要配合有機塗裝(塗料)進行防蝕?

• CNS 15200-7-8 為塗料一般試驗法，是否適合作為金屬被覆鋼材(如鍍鋅、鍍鋁鋅、鎂鋁鋅鋼材)之腐蝕加速試驗的方法?

• ISO 12944-2，C5環境可分為C5M與C5I，在C5I工業環境下僅使用中性鹽霧進行腐蝕加速試驗，是否合宜?

• 台灣酸雨情況嚴重，使用中性鹽霧進行腐蝕加速試驗，是否合宜?

• ISO 12944-9的腐蝕加速試驗方法是否適合評估陸上太陽能支架防蝕塗料在CX環境中的使用效果?

台灣酸雨資料庫-行政院環境保護署

• 在環保署研究報告中，已統一雨水酸鹼值達5.0以下時，正式定義為「酸雨」。例如，若以環保署台北酸雨監測站1990-1998年之有效雨水化學分析資料為準，顯示約九成降水天數的雨水pH值在5.6以下，而酸雨發生機率則為七成五左右。一般而言，SO4

2-及NO3-為主要的致酸物質，它們是由硫氧化物（SO2）與氮氧化物（

NO, NO2）轉化而來。

• 2019 年 1-5 月 pH 值分布，全國所有樣本 pH 值平均為 5.71，略低於 2018 年同期之 5.77，本時期因受到東北季風夾帶長程輸送污染物的影響，北部地區為 pH 值分布較低的區域，顯示北部地區雨水酸化情況較為為顯著。

• pH 平均值方面，除北部中壢站在 5.0 以下，仍呈現較顯著酸化情況，其餘 13 站pH 值皆在 5.0 以上。北部測站 pH 平均值約在 4.77 - 5.47 之間，中壢站 pH 值平均最低為 4.77 ，新竹站 5.15 次之，宜蘭站 5.29 再次之，中部測站平均值約在5.84 - 6.51，南部測站介於 5.45 - 6.23 間，東部成功站 pH 平均值為 5.71。

台灣酸雨概況(1992-2016)

資料來源：酸雨資料庫 行政院環境保護署

ISO 12944-9:2018

Paints and varnishes — Corrosion protection of steel structures by protective

paint systems — Part 9:

Protective paint systems and laboratory performance test methods for

offshore and related structures

• This first edition of ISO 12944-9 cancels and replaces ISO 20340:2009, which has been technically revised.

• This document deals with structures, made of carbon steel of not less than 3 mm thickness, which are

designed using an approved strength calculation.

ISO 12944-9仍為中性鹽霧試驗腐蝕加速試驗，且試驗時間要25 個循環 or 4200 小時(約6個月)

太陽光電系統支撐架金屬被覆基材

腐蝕加速測試建議

- ISO 16151:2018 Method A

ISO 16151:2018 ~ IEC 60068-2-52:2017 Test method 8：酸性鹽霧試驗，無UV測試

ISO 16151:2018 ~ IEC 60068-2-52:2017 Test method 8Corrosion of metals and alloys — Accelerated cyclic test with exposure to acidified salt spray, dry and wet conditions

Introduction

•The accelerated corrosion-test methods described in this document are

designed to simulate and enhance the environmental influence on a metallic

material to outdoor climates, where exposure to acid rain and to salt-

contaminated conditions occur and may promote corrosion.

•The test methods involve cyclic exposure of test specimens to a mist of

acidified-salt solution, to drying conditions, and to periods of high humidity.

ISO 16151:2018(en) Corrosion of metals and alloys — Accelerated cyclic test with exposure to acidified salt spray, dry and wet conditions

Scope

Method A is applicable to

— metals and their alloys (鋁合金),,

— metallic coatings (cathodic), (鍍鋅、鍍鋁鋅、鎂鋁鋅)

— anodic oxide coatings(陽極處理後之鋁合金), and

— organic coatings on metallic materials.

Method B is applicable to

— steel coated with anodic coatings, and

— steel coated with anodic coatings covered with conversion coatings.

Conversion coating: 金屬保護皮膜依材質可分為無機膜(Inorganic coating)及有機膜(Organic coating)兩類，無機膜包括金屬、玻璃、陶瓷材料以及利用磷酸化或陽極處理等程序所得到之化成膜(Conversion coating，係利用化學或電化學處理，使金屬表面生成一種含有該金屬成份的皮膜層)，有機膜則包括油漆、樹脂、石蠟、油膏、橡膠和瀝青等。

ISO 16151:2018 Method A

4.2.1 Neutral sodium chloride solution

A sufficient mass of sodium chloride shall be dissolved in distilled or deionized

water, with a conductivity not higher than 20 μS/cm at 25 °C ± 2 °C, to produce a concentration of 50 g/l ± 5 g/l. The specific gravity range for a 50 g/l ± 5 g/l solution shall be 1,029 to 1,036 at 25 °C.

4.2.2 Preparation of the acidified-salt solution

The pH of the solution shall be adjusted to a value of 3.5 ± 0.1 at 25 °C ± 2 °C, by adding the following reagents to 10 l of the prepared neutral sodium chloride

solution in 4.2.1 as follows:

− 12 ml of nitric acid (HNO3, ρ = 1,42 g/ml);

− 17,3 ml of sulfuric acid (H2SO4, ρ = 1,84 g/ml);

− a sufficient quantity of 10 % mass fraction of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution, to

adjust the pH of the solution to 3,5 ± 0,1 (about 300 ml will be required).

8.2 In particular, the solution collected in each of the collecting devices shall have a sodium chloride

concentration of 50 g/l ± 5 g/l and a pH in the range 3,4 to 3,6.

ISO 16151:2018 Method A ~ IEC 60068-2-52:2017 Test method 8

Note: 5 wt % = 50000 ppm= 50 g/l, 0.05 wt% = 500 ppm= 0.5 g/l

Evaluation of results12 Evaluation of results

Many different criteria for the evaluation of the test results may be applied to meet particular requirements, for example:

a) appearance after the test;

b) appearance after removing superficial corrosion products;

c) number and distribution of corrosion defects, i.e. pits, cracks, blisters, rusting or creep from scribes in the case of organic coatings be assessed by methods described in ISO 8993 or ISO 10289 and, for organic coatings in ISO 4628-1, ISO 4628-2, ISO 4628-3, ISO 4628-4, ISO 4628-5 and ISO 4628-8 (see Annex E);

d) the time elapsed before the appearance of the first signs of corrosion;

e) changes in mass (in accordance with ISO 8407);

f) alteration revealed by micrographic examination;

g) changes in mechanical or electrical properties.

太陽光電系統支撐架塗裝系統(塗料)

腐蝕加速測試建議

- ISO 11997-2:2013(R2018)

ISO 11997-2:2013(R2018) ~ ASTM D5894-16 ~ ASTM G85-11 Annex 5：

酸性鹽霧試驗，含UV測試

ISO 11997-2:2013(R2018)

Paints and varnishes — Determination of resistance to cyclic corrosion conditions

— Part 2: Wet (salt fog)/dry/humidity/UV light

ISO 11997-2 describes a method for determining the cyclic corrosion resistance of paints which

includes UV exposure as part of the cycle. It has been found to give good correlation with

natural weathering for industrial maintenance coatings.

4 Salt fog test solution

4.1 Prepare the spray solution by dissolving sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate in water of

grade 1 or grade 2 quality as defined in ISO 3696 to give a solution with c(NaCl) = (0.50 ± 0.01) g/l and c[(NH4)2SO4] = (3.50 ± 0.01) g/l.

4.2 The salts shall be white and comply with the purity requirements given in Table 1.

ISO 9227:2017 Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests, Acetic Acid Salt Spray (AASS)

The pH of the solution shall be adjusted to a value of 3.2 ± 0.1 at 25 °C ± 2 °C.

Note: 5 wt % = 50000 ppm= 50 g/l, 0.05 wt% = 500 ppm= 0.5 g/l

https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:11997:-2:en

5.4 Even though it is very tempting, it is not recommended to calculate an “acceleration

factor” relating x hours of laboratory exposure to y months of exterior exposure. Different materials and different formulations of the same material can have significantly different

acceleration factors. The acceleration factor also varies depending on the variability in rate of

degradation in the laboratory test and in actual outdoor exposure.

4.1 The test specimens are exposed to alternating periods of one week in a fluorescent

UV/condensation chamber followed by one week in a cyclic salt fog/dry chamber. The fluorescent

UV/condensation cycle is 4-h UV at 0.89 W/(m2 · nm) at 340 nm at 60°C followed by 4-h condensation at 50°C, using UVA-340 lamps. The fog/dry chamber runs a cycle of 1-h fog at ambient temperature

and 1-h dry-off at 35°C. The fog electrolyte is a relatively dilute solution, with 0.05 %

sodium chloride and 0.35 % ammonium sulfate.

8.2.1 Perform the cyclic salt fog/dry exposure according to Practice G85 Annex 5, Dilute Electrolyte

Cyclic Fog/Dry Test.

A5. DILUTE ELECTROLYTE CYCLIC FOG/DRY TEST

A5.2 Salt Solutions

A5.2.1 Prepare an electrolyte solution of 0.05 % sodium chloride and 0.35 %

ammonium sulfate by mass. The water and sodium chloride shall meet the purity requirements of

Section 6. The ammonium sulfate shall contain not more than 0.3 % total impurities.A5.3.3 The pH of the collected solution shall range between 5.0 and 5.4 (see 4.3.2 and 6.4).

在環保署研究報告中，雨水酸鹼值達5.0以下時，正式定義為「酸雨」。例如，若以環保署台北酸雨監測站1990-1998年之有效雨水化學分析資料為準，顯示約九成降水天數的雨水pH值在5.6以下，而酸雨發生機率則為七成五左右。一般而言，SO4

2-及NO3-為主要的致酸物質，

它們是由硫氧化物（SO2）與氮氧化物（NO, NO2）轉化而來。

ISO 11997-2:2013(R2018) ~ ASTM D5894 , G85 Annex 5

階段時間

h溫度℃

條件 備考

1. UV 4 60±2.5UVA-3400.89 ± 0.02 W/(m2·nm)

參考ASTM G154

2. 冷凝 4 50±2.5

試片曝露於於耐候試驗機中21個循環，然後再將試片轉移至鹽霧試驗機，21個循環等於總共168小時（1週）

4. 鹽霧 1 室溫環境溫濕度：24±3 ℃，75％ RH max

參考ASTM G85

鹽水溶液：0.05 wt%氯化鈉與0.35 wt%硫酸銨

pH：5.0~5.4

落霧量：1~2 ml/80cm2/h5. 乾燥 1 35±1.5 45分鐘內達到35±1.5 ℃

試片曝露於於鹽霧試驗機中84個循環，然後再將試片轉移至耐候試驗機，84個循環等於總共168小時（1週）

UV光照射60 oC4HR

凝結50 oC4HR

鹽霧(5%NaCl+0.35%NaSO4)

室溫1HR

乾燥35+2 oC1HR

Q-UV耐候試驗機 Q-Fog鹽霧試驗機

one cycle

one weekone week

ISO 11997-2:2013(R2018) ~ ASTM D5894 , G85 Annex 5

• ISO 4628-1 Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation

of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 1:

General introduction and designation system (一般介紹與指定系統)

• ISO 4628-2 Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation

of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 2:

Assessment of degree of blistering (起泡等級評估)

• ISO 4628-3 Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation

of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 3:

Assessment of degree of rusting (銹蝕程度評估)

ISO 11997-2

9.2 Conclude the test at the end of last cycle wet phase. Remove the panels from the cabinet

and rinse with clean water to remove residues of salt solution from the surface. Immediately

examine the test surfaces for signs of deterioration in accordance with ISO 4628-1, ISO 4628-2,

ISO 4628-3, ISO 4628-4, ISO 4628-5, ISO 4628-6, ISO 4628-8 and ISO 4628-10.

塗裝系統耐蝕性評估-ISO 11997-2:2013(R2018)

• ISO 4628-4 Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 4: Assessment of degree of cracking (龜裂程度評估)

• ISO 4628-5 Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 5: Assessment of degree of flaking (剝落程度評估)

• ISO 4628-6 Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 6: Assessment of degree of chalking by tape method (粉化程度評估)

• ISO 4628-8 Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 8: Assessment of degree of delamination and corrosion around a scribe or other artificial defect(銹蝕擴張程度評估)

• ISO 4628-10 Paints and varnishes — Evaluation of degradation of coatings — Designation of quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in appearance — Part 10: Assessment of degree of filiform corrosion (絲狀腐蝕程度評估)

塗裝系統耐蝕性評估-ISO 11997-2:2013(R2018)

議題討論• 太陽光電系統支撐架金屬基材腐蝕加速測試採用ISO 16151 Method A (IEC

60068-2-52:2017 Test method 8)是否合宜?

• 太陽光電系統鋼材(包含基材表面有金屬被覆)支撐架之塗料與清漆-鋼構造物

防蝕塗料系統測試採用ISO 11997-2 (ASTM D5894, ASTM G85 Annex 5)

是否合宜?

• 塗料酸性鹽霧試驗噴霧水溶液的pH值應使用ISO 11997-2之3.2 ± 0.1或是

ASTM D5894, G85之5.0~5.4? 抑或是與金屬被覆基材酸性鹽霧試驗所使用

的3.5 ± 0.1一致?

• C1~CX之腐蝕加速試驗測試小時數之決定?

• 依實驗室腐蝕加速試驗的結果來制定支撐架耐蝕性分級標章的可能性?

Data source: ISO 9223:2012

大氣腐蝕環境分類相對應不同金屬之腐蝕試驗時數腐蝕性等級

測試方法

碳鋼腐蝕速率 rcorr（g/m2a）

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 CX

rcorr≦10 10

腐蝕性等級

測試方法

鋁腐蝕速率 rcorr（g/m2a）

C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 CX

可忽略 rcorr≦0.6 0.6

簡報完畢敬請指正

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