Edinburgh MT lecture1
-
Upload
alopezfoo -
Category
Technology
-
view
748 -
download
0
Transcript of Edinburgh MT lecture1
![Page 1: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Machine Translationhttp://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/mt/
Adam Lopez
Sorcha Gilroy
Joachim Fainberg
Federico Fancellu
Clara Vania
![Page 2: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
虽然 北 风 呼啸 , 但 天空 依然 十分 清澈 。
![Page 3: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
虽然 北 风 呼啸 , 但 天空 依然 十分 清澈 。
However , the sky remained clear under the strong north wind .
![Page 4: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Confusion of Tongues (Doré 1865)
![Page 5: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
mechanical brain (Artsrouni, France 1933)
(Trojanskij, Russia 1933)
![Page 6: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
ENIAC (1946)Colussus (1944)
![Page 7: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Recognizing fully, even though necessarily vaguely, the semantic
difficulties because of multiple meanings, etc., I have wondered if it
were unthinkable to design a computer which would translate. Even if it would translate only
scientific material (where the semantic difficulties are very notably less), and
even if it did produce an inelegant (but intelligible) result, it would seem
to me worth while.
Warren Weaver (1947)
![Page 8: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Popular view of MT in 2001
![Page 9: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Popular view of MT in 2001
Popular view of NLP:
![Page 10: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Popular view of MT in 2016
![Page 11: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Popular view of MT in 2016
and NLP:
![Page 12: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Translation Exercise
![Page 21: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
![Page 22: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
![Page 23: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
![Page 24: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
![Page 25: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
![Page 26: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
![Page 27: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok anok brok enemok kantok ghirok ok-yurp .
![Page 28: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok kantok ghirok enemok ok-yurp .
![Page 29: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok kantok ghirok enemok ok-yurp .
5040 possible orderings!
![Page 30: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 31: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 32: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 33: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 34: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 35: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 36: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 37: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 38: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 39: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 40: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 41: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 42: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 43: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 44: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 45: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 46: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 47: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
![Page 49: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
![Page 50: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
![Page 51: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .
![Page 52: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 53: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 54: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 55: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 56: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 57: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 58: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 59: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 60: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 61: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 62: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
![Page 63: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
![Page 64: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words are ambiguous
English: bank
French: banque French: rive
![Page 65: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words have complex morphology
![Page 66: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words have complex morphology
![Page 67: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words have complex morphology
… fanden sie sie auf den Stufen unseres Hauses sitzend …
… they found her sitting on the steps of our house …
![Page 68: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words have complex morphology
Translate the into German:
![Page 69: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?forms of kataba (‘to write’) in Arabic
…words have complex morphology
![Page 70: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words have complex morphology
Finnish: ostoskeskuksessa
ostos#keskus+N+Sg+Loc:in
shopping#center+N+Sg+Loc:in
English: ‘in the shopping center’
![Page 71: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words may have non-standard orthography
dats why pluto is pluto it can neva b a star
![Page 72: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…negation matters
![Page 73: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…word order matters
Jaime loves Casey
Casey loves Jaime
![Page 74: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…sentences are longer.
NICOLA Sturgeon has set out plans to drive down the “unacceptable gap” between schools in rich and poor
areas with the introduction of national tests in primary schools.
![Page 75: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Is this exercise realistic?
![Page 76: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
![Page 77: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
the clients and the associates are enemies .
los clientes y los asociados son enemigos .the company has three groups .
la empresa tiene tres grupos .its groups are in Europe .
sus grupos estan en Europa .the modern groups sell strong pharmaceuticals .
los grupos modernos venden medicinas fuertes .the groups do not sell zanzanine .
los grupos no venden zanzanina .the small groups are not modern .
los grupos pequenos no son modernos .
Garcia and associates .
Garcia y asociados .Carlos Garcia has three associates .
Carlos Garcia tiene tres asociados .his associates are not strong .
sus asociados no son fuertes .Garcia has a company also .
Garcia tambien tiene una empresa .its clients are angry .
sus clientes estan enfadados .the associates are also angry .
los asociados tambien estan enfadados .
la empresa tiene enemigos fuertes en Europa .
![Page 78: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
the clients and the associates are enemies .
los clientes y los asociados son enemigos .the company has three groups .
la empresa tiene tres grupos .its groups are in Europe .
sus grupos estan en Europa .the modern groups sell strong pharmaceuticals .
los grupos modernos venden medicinas fuertes .the groups do not sell zanzanine .
los grupos no venden zanzanina .the small groups are not modern .
los grupos pequenos no son modernos .
Garcia and associates .
Garcia y asociados .Carlos Garcia has three associates .
Carlos Garcia tiene tres asociados .his associates are not strong .
sus asociados no son fuertes .Garcia has a company also .
Garcia tambien tiene una empresa .its clients are angry .
sus clientes estan enfadados .the associates are also angry .
los asociados tambien estan enfadados .
la empresa tiene enemigos fuertes en Europa .
the company has strong enemies in Europe .
![Page 79: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Questions
1. How do we formalize dictionary induction as an algorithm?
2. How do we formalize decoding as an algorithm?
3. How well does it work?
Homework 1 due January 28!
![Page 80: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Answers
•… will be found in maths, computing, & linguistics
To future students: There is no way that you should take this course. The reason why is that you need to be competent in linguistics, mathematics and Python programming to do well in the coursework. The lecturer neglected to mention that he expected people to have those skills, but it was clear from the assignments. You will get no help, as there are no tutorials, there is only a forum where you can ask questions, but when a student asked for help because they did not understand the material, the lecturer was not willing to make any changes.
![Page 81: Edinburgh MT lecture1](https://reader031.fdocument.pub/reader031/viewer/2022030310/58f0b4611a28ab86788b468d/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
TODO
•TODAY: Sign up for piazza forum
•THURSDAY: Review syllabus
•THURSDAY: Review Goldwater’s notes on probability
•THURSDAY: Review prerequisites
•THURSDAY: Review previous exam
•THURSDAY: Review homework 1
•JANUARY 28: Turn in homework 1
http://www.inf.ed.ac.uk/teaching/courses/mt/