Eb Hfs Cpri Ncpd 2014 Presentation

8/11/2019 Eb Hfs Cpri Ncpd 2014 Presentation

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Ch. ChakrapaniCh. Chakrapani

Ch. LalithyaCh. Lalithya

K. SrinivasK. Srinivas

ELECTRICITY BILLING:INTRODUCTION OF

HARMONIC FACTORSURCHARGE

To Present at National Conference on PowerDistribution NCPD-2014

atCentral Power Research Institute (CPRI), Hyderabad

on 6th & 7th February 2014


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OUTLINEOUTLINE Introduction

Sources of ar!onics

Types of ar!onics Effects of ar!onics

"e#ulations on T$

Tariff orders on T$ penalties

Need of T$ "ecordin# Types of consu!er loads

%ield Study on ar!onic !easure!ent

&roposed 'ethodolo#y for ar!onic %actor Surchar#e

ar!onic %actor !easure!ent for (illin#

Su##estions

Conclusion


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IntroductionIntroduction Non-Linear loads are increasing in the power

system day by day Necessary to assess harmonic distortion level

at consumer and generator level

Commercial mechanism is essential


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Sources of HarmonicsSources of HarmonicsNon)Linear loads such as *C to $C + $C to *C Converters

Electric arc furnaces, induction furnaces, electrolysis plants,

Saturated reactors, transfor!ers under no)load - li#htloads,

Inverters, $C converters, sitch)!ode poer supplies,

/aria(le speed *C or $C !otor drives,

Electronic li#htin# (allasts, #as dischar#e li#htin#, Electronic office and ho!e appliances, !icroave ovens, etc

These produce hi#h har!onics and leads to distortion ofave for!s. $ue to i!prove!ent of life style, need and

advance!ent in electronics technolo#y, the poer electronicdevices usa#e is e0pected to increase further in al!ost alltypes of sectors for consu!er friendly operation,i!prove!ent of efficiency, (etter 1uality and ener#yconservation.


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Tyes of HarmonicsTyes of Harmonics Odd triplens 2!ultiples of three3,

Other odd har!onics, and Even har!onics,


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$efinition of T$ as per CE*$efinition of T$ as per CE* 5Total ar!onic $istortion5 2T$3

!eans a !easure of distortion of thevolta#e or current ave for! 2hich shall

ideally (e sinusoidal3 and is the s1uare

root of the su! of s1uares of all volta#eor current har!onics e0pressed as a

percenta#e of the !a#nitude of the

funda!ental


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/T$ - IT$ as per IEEE/T$ - IT$ as per IEEE))678678 /olta#e Total ar!onic $istortion 9

Current Total ar!onic $istortion 9

here i7 and v7 are funda!ental current and volta#e respectively,

Ikand vkare k order har!onic current and volta#e respectively,


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Re"u#a!ions on THDRe"u#a!ions on THDCE* in its 2Technical Standards for Connectivity of the ;rid3

"e#ulation, &art)II 273263, &art)I/2?3

The pro@ect of the re1uester shall not cause volta#e and current

har!onics on the #rid hich e0ceed the li!its specified in

Institute of Electrical and Electronics En#ineers 2IEEE3 Standard678

273 The total har!onic distortion for volta#e at the connection

point shall not e0ceed 6A ith no individual har!onic hi#her

than ?A.

2


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Tariff or$ers on THD ena#!iesTariff or$ers on THD ena#!ies Ta!ilnadu Electricity oard levied surchar#e


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Nee$ of THD Recor$in"Nee$ of THD Recor$in" Correct data is re1uired to Utilities,

"e#ulators - Custo!ers on T$ To levy ar!onic %actor Surchar#e

To install ar!onics %ilters+ Suppressors

To purchase e1uip!ent, hich #enerate lessT$

Evaluatin# perfor!ance of e1uip!ent

*naly4in# e1uip!entF failures


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Standards for ar!onics Testin#Standards for ar!onics Testin#

IEC D7===))?=: E'C ) Testin# and !easure!ent techni1ues G

&oer 1uality !easure!ent !ethods,

IECGD7===)?)D: E'C ) *ssess!ent of e!ission li!its for theconnection of distortion li!its to '/, /, and E/ poer syste!

IS 7>== 2&art +See >3: 2


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Tyes of consumer #oa$sTyes of consumer #oa$s Grou%' Consumers


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Tyes of consumer #oa$sTyes of consumer #oa$s Grou%( Consumers


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Aroac) for HarmonicAroac) for Harmonic

Ener"y measuremen!Ener"y measuremen! Total Ener#y 9

= W1 + WHN + WHL


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Harmonic "enera!ion *y Aara!usHarmonic "enera!ion *y Aara!us

SlNo

Descripti

on ofApparatu

s

Avg

PhaseVolta

ge (V)

Avg

Current

(A)

TotalPowe

r (W)

PF

Voltage Distortion(%)

Current distortion(%)

V1 V2 V3 I1 I2 I3

1

VFD

WaterPump

Sets

248 13.8 9500 0.924 1.13 1.17 1.12 40.95 41.34 40.03

2

6 No.s150 WHPSVLamps

251 1.26 870 0.917 1.69 1.71 1.47 31.84 33.33 60.16

3New 63

KVA DTr251 1.08 154 0.189 1.98 2.30 2.43 16.83 18.25 15.57

4RepairedDT250KVA

241 7.08 683 0.133 2.49 2.80 2.89 30.66 35.82 28.90

Measured on 04-10-2012 / 11-10-2012


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Current ar!onics #enerated (yCurrent ar!onics #enerated (y

&S/ %ittin#s&S/ %ittin#sAIT$

ar!onic Order


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Current ar!onics #enerated (yCurrent ar!onics #enerated (y

/%$ ater &u!p sets/%$ ater &u!p sets


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Current ar!onics #eneration (y aCurrent ar!onics #eneration (y a

Steel %urnace - "eSteel %urnace - "e))rollin# 'illrollin# 'ill


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ar!onic #eneration (y Consu!ersar!onic #eneration (y Consu!ers

SlNo

Type ofConsume

r Load

AvgPhaseVolta

ge

(KV)

AvgCurrent (A)

TotalPowe

r(KVA

)

PF

VoltageDistortion (%)

Current distortion(%)

V1 V2 V3 I1 I2 I3

1

PolysterIndustrywith verylight Load

138 1.17 2800.91

(Lead)0.82 1.05 0.98 22.66 38.75 27.50

2Steel Re-rolling Mill

11.02 37.34 713 1.00 2.48 2.28 1.83 38.07 51.30 34.35

3

SteelFurnace &Re-rolling

Mill

34.5 24.77 14800.91

(Lead) 1.59 1.14 1.42 31.83 32.20 37.47

4Cement

Factory130 59.86

1349

30.99 1.21 1.37 0.95 2.37 2.56 2.12

Measured on 11-10-2012 / 14-10-2012 / 30-10-2012


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&roposed 'ethodolo#y for ar!onic&roposed 'ethodolo#y for ar!onic

%actor !easure!ent for (illin#%actor !easure!ent for (illin# *pproach)I: "atio of *vera#e value of har!onic content

to *vera#e value of %unda!ental content like &%

!easure!ent

*pproach)II: *vera#e value of AT$

*pproach)III: 'a0i!u! value of AT$ like '$ in K/*!easure!ent


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*pproach*pproach))I: "atio of *vera#e value of har!onicI: "atio of *vera#e value of har!onic

content to *vera#e value of %unda!ental contentcontent to *vera#e value of %unda!ental contentlike &% !easure!entlike &% !easure!ent

"ecorded Ih 9 %inal Ih readin# G Initial Ih readin# 9

"ecorded If 9 %inal If readin# G Initial If readin# 9

"ecorded /h 9 %inal /h readin# G Initial /h readin#9

"ecorded /f 9 %inal /f readin# G Initial /f readin# 9


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*pproach*pproach))II: *vera#e value of AT$II: *vera#e value of AT$

"ecorded AIT$ 9 %inal AIT$ readin# G Initial AIT$ readin# 9

"ecorded &O 9 %inal &O readin# G Initial &O readin#

"ecorded A/T$ 9 %inal A/T$ readin# G Initial A/T$ readin# 9


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*pproach*pproach))III: 'a0i!u! value of AT$III: 'a0i!u! value of AT$

like '$ in K/* !easure!entlike '$ in K/* !easure!ent ar!onic %actor can (e considered as

!a0i!u! value of inte#ration ith ti!e value

of avera#e A/T$ - AIT$ for a ti!e (lock

period are to (e recorded like '$ in K/*

'a0i!u! inte#rated values of A/T$ - AIT$are to (e auto!atically reset to 4ero hen '$

2K/*3 reset is done

The A/T$ and AIT$ can (e recorded in theload survey of !eters as ti!e inte#rated values

of instantaneous para!eters.


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&roposed !ethodolo#y of&roposed !ethodolo#y of

ar!onic %actor Surchar#ear!onic %actor Surchar#e The ar!onic li!its for various consu!er loads and

poer sources are specified in the IEEE Standard 678:

788


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ar!onics recordin# facilities in

present 'eters *s per the Central Electricity *uthority 2Installation and Operation

of 'eters3 "e#ulations,


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Su##estionsSu##estions Separate !easure!ent of funda!ental and har!onic contents i.e.,

volta#e - current (y tariff !eters in econo!ic ay ill need

further efforts and research (y the !anufacturers Need of !uch !ore strin#ent re#ulations fro! the re#ulators and

resolvin# of le#al issues for !easure!ent of har!onic contents,

finali4ation of li!its for ar!onic %actors 2%3 and to levy

ar!onic %actor Surchar#e

Standardisin# a#encies shall revie per!itted li!its of T$s of

various apparatus + #ad#ets and e1uip!ents to !eet the re#ulation

li!its duly considerin# !anufacturin# constraints.

They shall also finalise the testin# procedures and accuracy li!itsfor har!onic content and T$s in our contest.

;enerators shall !ake arran#e!ents to control har!onics (y

installin# har!onic filters and to !ake co!pensation for the

affected parties


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Su##estionsSu##estions ar!onics #eneration (y various electrical apparatus on a sa!ple

(asis is to (e !easured, scope for its reduction is to (e identified

and evaluated The tan#i(le and intan#i(le da!a#es to the netork + syste! +

other consu!er e1uip!ent are to (e studied further and

!iti#ation steps are to (e analysed in a proactive !anner

The !easure!ent of har!onic contents, for!ulation ofre#ulations and resolvin# le#al issues pertainin# to

pay!ent for these contents should encoura#e (oth

poer supply co!panies and consu!ers to takeen#ineerin# and or#anisational !easures to decrease

har!onic levels, hich leads to i!prove!ent of

efficiency of electricity use, poer 1uality and !ini!ise

e1uip!ent failures.


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*ny 1uestionsH

Thank ouThank ou

Eb Hfs Cpri Ncpd 2014 Presentation

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