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1 5
1. IBM5
2. : S/360 zArchitecture7
2.1. 10
2.2. - 11
3. 12
4. , 14
2. zSeries15
5. 15
6. 17
7. CEC18
7.2. 21
7.3. 23
8. 23
8.1. 24
8.2. 24
8.3. 24
9. ()25
9.1. FSP25
9.2. SE25
9.3. 26
9.4. HMC27
6. 28
7. 229
3. zSeries30
3. zArchitecture30
4. 32
2.1. 33
2.2. 35
2.3. 36
5. 37
3.1. 38
3.2. 38
3.3. 39
3.4. 39
3.5. 39
3.6. 40
3.7. PSW42
4. 44
4.1. 45
4.2. 45
8. zSeries47
9. 50
10. 350
4. zSeries52
6. 52
1.1. -54
1.2 55
1.3. - 57
1.3.1. 57
1.3.2. 57
1.3.3. 58
7. MESI58
8. zSeries61
9. 66
9.1. 66
2.2. 66
3.3. BCE67
3.4. 68
3.4.1. 68
3.4.1. 69
3.4. 69
11. zSeries71
12. 72
5. 73
10. 73
11. LPAR76
12. LPAR77
13. LPAR77
14. LPAR77
15. -79
6.1. 79
6.1. - LPAR80
16. (LPAR-claster)81
16.1. DASD81
16.2. - (CTC/GRS rings)82
7.3. Parallel SysPlex83
17. 85
18. Intelligent Resource Director (IRD)87
13. 587
14. LPAR88
6. 89
19. 89
1.1. 89
1.2. 91
1.3. 92
1.3.1. 92
1.3.2. 93
1.3.3. -93
1.3.4. 93
1.3.5. 94
2. 94
2.1. 95
2.2. 96
2.2.1. SIGNAL PROCESSOR (SIGP)96
2.2.2. 96
2.2.2.1. 99
2.2.2.2. 99
3.2.2.3. 100
2.2.2.4. 100
2.2.2.5. 101
2.3. 102
2.3.1. TOD102
3.3.1. 104
2.3.2. 105
2.3.2. (Timer Stepping)105
3. 106
4. 6 :107
5. 6107
7. . 110
20. 110
1.1. 112
1.2. 113
21. 114
2.1. 115
2.2. 117
2.3. 118
2.4. 120
2.3.1. (Primary Virtual Address)121
2.3.2. (Secondary Virtual Address)121
2.3.3. , (AR-Specified Virtual Address)122
2.3.4. (Home Virtual Address)122
2.5. 122
2.5.1. 123
2.5.2. 123
2.6. 124
3. 125
3.1. 126
3.2. 130
15. 130
16. 7131
8. . .132
1.1. 132
2.2. 133
3. ASN136
4. ASTE137
4.1. ASTE (ASTESN)137
4.2. ASTE (ASTEIN) ASN138
5. ASN139
5.1. ASN-140
5.2. ASN-141
5.2.1.1. AFT141
5.2.1.2. AST142
5.3. ALET144
5.4. ASCE146
5.5. ALB (Access Lookaside Buffer)147
5.6. 147
9.1. ASN148
9.2. ASN - 148
10.1. 149
10.1.1. 31- 149
10.1.2. 64- 150
10.2. 152
10.3. 155
10.4. TLB156
4.2. 157
4.3. 158
9 - zSeries159
22. - 159
2. - 160
2. 162
4. -165
4.1. 169
4.1.1. 169
4.1.2. 170
4.1.3. 170
4.1.4. 172
4.1.5. -173
4.2. 173
4.2.1. CCW173
4.2.2. -175
4.2.3. -175
4.2.4. 175
5. : frame-multiplex mode, burst mode, or byte-multiplex176
17. 178
18. 9 - zSeries179
19.180
IBM Mainframe13
1
1. ( ? :, IBM ; ; ; ; , .) IBM
IBM (International Business Machines) c , IBM , 1890- , , . , : , , . , , , (. 1). 80- IBM ( 2).
1 - 1890 .
2. 80- IBM [Zemanek 1973,c.548]
, (. 3).
3 , 1897 .
1896 . , , Tabulating Machine, 1911 , , 1924 IBM, .
. .
2. : S/360 zArchitecture
( ) 1960- . -, . 1964 , .
IBM . - 7 1964 . System/360. - S/360 360 . , S/360 , , .
"" (mainframe), IBM, .
, ( ), ( ) ( , , , ) .
, , 4 1960 , .
4 1960-
- 3 ( IBM360.mp4), .
- , IBM- .
System/360 , - , "" . , "-", , , 1960- , .
, . , , - . , , .
5 ( )
-, COBOL, FORTRAN, PL/1, , .
( 54- ), , (264) , , 14- , 20- . , . - - (zSeries), , , - (z/Architecture) ( 5).
2.1.
6
6 , . . 1964 . 1970-1971 System/370 ( 70 70- ), . 1983 370/XA, (eXtended Architecture), 31- . 1988 LPAR (Logical Partition Access Resources) ESA/370, (access registers). 1990 ESA/390, ESCON, , , Sysplex Timer (ETR).
1990 . 90- . , , , . () 1993 Computer World , . , , IBM . , . , - . , , , . , , , , . , , . .
2000 z/Series, 64- . 2003 - , . 2009 IBM 45- .
2.2. -
zSeries . -. IBM ( ) (Autonomic Computing). , . .
, , . Internet: 85% , , . 500 , . , , , , . , , ( , .), .
, - , (- ) , , , , , ; , ; , , .
3.
? zArchitecture, , .
. , , (RAS reliability, availability, serviceability). , 2005 Z9 . , .
, , . - .
, , , 70- .
:
, ;
;
;
- partition, ;
;
;
.
zSeries eServer. Z zSeries, z/Architecture "zero down time": - , 7 ( ) 24 ( 24 ) 365 (365 ).
"" .
: , , - .
- Multihip Module (MCM). , -, , 1212 .
-, , , () .
- , . , -. , , , -, , .
zSeries IBM Parallel Sysplex, .
zSeries , , :
- ,
,
,
, .
4. ,
, (. 6):
(Batch job), . .
(On-line), , , , ..
6 ,
- . , , , .
6.
1. ?
2. ?
3. S/360.
4. .
5. ?
6. .
2. ( ? : ; IBM;, ; ; ; ; ; ; .) zSeries
5.
zSeries 7. - , . (PU processor unit), - (L2 SD - second level storage device), (SC system controller), (MBA memory bus adapter), (MSC memory storage control) . - , , z990 14,118,9 122 . , (SD) 17,517,5 521 . .
7
- MCM (Multi-Chip-Module), . MCM , , . (. 8).
8 MCM.
(, 2.1. z9 102) , 7,8 ps/mm. Triplate, (X, Y ) , . z9 0,476 . MCM PGA (Pin Grid Array) (, MCM z990 - 5184). IBM Harcon (high density aria connection). MCM .
mainframe IBM 9.
9 IBM S390G5, z800, z900 z990
6.
, (dual core). z990 PU, SC . , 12 MCM. , . , , , . 10.
10 IBM
7. CEC
zSeries CEC (Cenral Electronic Complex), MCM, -. CEC z900 - 553447 10- 24- . CEC , . MCM, CEC Triplate
CEC . z900 CEC , , (. 11).
11 - CEC z900
, z990, z890, CEC, (book), CEC , (. 12). 5614 32 . , CEC, - .
12 - CEC z990 z890
13 z9. . 8- 128 GB.
13 - CEC z9
14 CEC
, , ( 14). , . , , CEC. , . . , , , , , , .
, , . -, , CD-ROM, ( MemInstall.wmv).
7.2.
- Z (A-frame, Z-frame). 15 , z990 z890. A-frame -, Z-frame ( ) -. 154158194 , - 790 (A) 767 (Z). Z , -, , 350 . . 350 ( ), . IBF (Integrated Battery Function), .
15
MCU (Modular Cooling Unit). - (Self-Timing Interface STI). -, , .
7.3.
, : , , , .
:
(central processor) z/Architecture ESA/390, z/VM, z/OS, Linux, TPF ;
ICF (Internal Coupling Facility) Coupling Facility Control Code (CFCC), , LPAR, ;
Java- zSeries zAAP (zSeries Applications Assist Processor) Java- IBM Java Virtual Machine (JVM);
SAP (System Assist Processor) - , , SAP Master SAP CEC, , SE;
Linux - IFL (Integrated Facility for Linux) Linux ;
FSP (Flexible Support Processors) - .
8.
zSeries : (, , -) ( ) .
.
8.1.
CUoD (Capacity Upgrade on Demand) ( ), -. IBM.
CIU (Customer Initiated Upgrade) . Web- - IBM Resource Link CUoD .
On/Off CoD (On/Off Capacity on Demand) CIU . .
8.2.
CBU (Capacity BackUp) CP ,
. CBU PU .
8.3.
, , . IPL (Initial Program Loading) POR (Power-on Reset). IPL POR (Power-on Reset), CHPID, . IPL POR LPAR . (POR) (IPL) LPAR. , , .
9. ()9.1. FSP
() , - FSP (Flexible Support Processors). CC (Cage Control). FSP PowerPC , - , - SSI (SubSystem Interface) c . SSI . FSP, .
9.2. SE
16. Ethernet, SE (Support Element). SE Z, . SE ThinkPad Ethernet Token Ring . SE . SE FSP . FSP SE .
16
9.3.
, SE Ethernet Token Ring, HMC (Hardware Management Consoles). , HMC. HMC () OS/2 , HMCA (HMC pplications) ( 2.11). HMC SE, , SE. , HMC 100 SE, SE 32- HMC.
17
9.4. HMC
HMC SE , . , HMC. HMC ( , (PU) ). :
;
;
;
;
;
;
.
, , SE, , , , .
, , . IBM, , , , . . MGR (Millicode General Purpose Registers).
7.
7. ?
8. ?
9. .
10. ?
11. ? , .
12. .
13. .
14. ?
15. .
IBM Mainframe
28
8. 2
( ? : (PU processor unit), - (L2 SD - second level storage device), (SC system controller), (MBA memory bus adapter), (MSC memory storage control). MCM:Triplate - ;Harcon - . . : (cage); (book). (): , . : - : -;Z-: -, , . : ; ICF; JAVA- ZAAP; SAP; LINUX; FSP. : FSP SE; HMC. : ; ; ; ; ; ; )
3. zSeries
3. zSeries46
( ? : zArchitecture; zArchitecture; ; ; ; ; .)
3. zArchitecture
IBM , : ESA/390, 24- 31- , zArchitecture 64- . ESA/390, SIGP (SIGNAL PROCESSOR), , , (stopped state). 64- 64- 31- 32- . - zArchitecture. -: -, 60-70 , . , 24- 31- 64- . , .
(availability), . , . - . , , .
128- PSW (Program State Word), , 16- , . PSW , 64- .
zArchitecture , , , .
( ) ASCE (Address Space Control Element), . ASCE , zArchitecture: . ASCE , .
8 , PSW, .
zArchitecture -. 31- , ORB (operation-request-block), -: 2 4 .
, zArchitecture, .
4.
IBM (. 3.1).
3.1 zSeries.
zArchitecture U (entral Processor Units), ETR (External Timing Removed), Main Storage, Extended Storage, - ( ) Channel SubSystem (CSS), . Dynami CU (Control Unit), D (Device). CU, - , .
(Channel Path). , . Dynami, .
, (ETR) .
.
, , ; , ( ) , .
, -, . , , , .
, .
, , -. - "" , .
2.1.
, , , , . , , , [1].
MS , , .
, . , . , , . 4 . , .
, , -. - . . .
, , - . [1].
- , , -. - ; - , , , . -, , ( ).
( ), , .
, . - ( ), ; .
2.2.
, , , , , [1].
(ES) . , , PAGE IN PAGE OUT, 4 () . .
, . DASD, , (. 2).
2
2.3.
(CPU) - . , , , .
CPU , . , .
(CPU) , ( ) , , . , , , , .
, CPU , : , , (FPS), (BFP), (HFP), -.
, .
.
BFP HFP , FPS .
- , , - , .
CPU , , . (PSW), , , , , . CPU , CPU . , .
5.
zArchitecture , 3.1.
-
GR
64
16
FPR
64
16
FPC
32
1
AR
32
16
CR
64
16
PSW
128
1
PR
64
1
TOD
32
1
TR
64
1
CCR
64
1
, , 10 , 6 64 , 3 32- 128 . 16 , , , .
3.1.
GR (General Register) , . 64 , 0 63. ESA/390 32 ( 32-63). .
64 . 0 15, 4- R . , R. R.
32-63 0-63 , 64- 128- , . , ( ) 32 64 . ( ) 32 64 .
, GR15 GR16 . B . 0 B , , GR0 .
3.2.
(FPS, BFP HFP) . CPU 16 . , 0 15 R . 64 (32- ) (64- ) . 2, (128- ) . , , 0/2, 1/3, 4/6, 5/7, .. .
3.3.
FPC (IEEE exception) , . 32.
3.4.
CR , , .. 64 . ESA/390 32 (bits 32-63). 0 15 R LOAD CONTROL STORE CONTROL. .
3.5.
AR . 32.
ASCE (Address Space Control Element). ASCE , DAT (Dynamic Address Translation) , . (CPU) , , , PSW, , ASCE . R. .
16- , . AR0 , . AR1 - AR15 , CPU , , . AR0 , CPU ( , ) .
, 16 15 .
3.6.
PR . 32- , .
, 128- , 64- 32- TOD.
3.3.
3.2 zArchitecture
: 3.3 , , R. , FPR13 FPR15 1101 R.
3.7. PSW
PSW , , CPU.
PSW PSW. . CPU , , . , PSW , PSW, , . CPU PSW . PSW , . , , , PSW, PSW. , .
: ( , ), -, machine check, , . , .
3.3.
3.3 PSW
C 128 , :
R, ( 1) (PER);
( 5) ;
IO ( 6) -;
E ( 7) ;
Key ( 8-11) ;
( 13) ;
W ( 14) ;
( 15) , (1 0 );
AS ( 16-17) , :
00 () ;
01 ;
10 ;
11 .
( 18-20) .
Prog Mask ( 20-23) :
20: ;
21: ;
22: ;
23: ;
Instruction Address 33- ;
EA ( 31) BA ( 32) :
=1 =1, , 64- ;
=0, =0 , 24- ;
=0, =1 , 31-.
3.2. : 24- , 31- 64- , EA .
4.
zSeries c : .
(Problem state) , , , PSW. , , . , - .
, , , .
PSW - , .
LOAD PSW [EXTENDED].
4.1.
, , - (. 3.4). . . : Compare Swap.
.
3.4
4.2.
2, 4 6 , , . :
00 : 2
01 10: 4
11: 6 .
8, 12 16 , , 8- : 12- . 16- , , 6- .
3.5 . . .
, 3.3.
3.3. , z/Architecture
COP
,
1, 2, 3, 4
, 1, 2, 3 4
R1, R2, R3
B1, B2, B4
X2
D1, D2, D4, DL1, DH1, DL2, DH2
(L - , H - )
M1, M3, M4
I, I2
L, L1, L2
3.5 zArchitecture
9. zSeries
( ? zArchitecture: , - 24- 31- 64- PSW - 128- DAT , 64- ASCE 8 PSW - 2 4 zSeries: CP ; MS; ES; CSS ETR zSeries: - - FP - HFP - FPS - - - - )
( ? 128 , PSW - , PSW - PSW - , . : - - : = 2 ; = 4 ; = 8 ;- = 16 .)
( ( , ): , 2 , 2 , 2 PSW, 3 , 3 DAT, 3 ASCE, 3, 16 , 4 ETR, 5 , , 6 , 6 , 6 , 6-, 6 , 7 -, 7 , 10 , 11 , 11 , 11 FP, 12 HFP, 12 , 12 -, 12 GR, 13 GR, 14 FPR, 15 , 15 FPC, 15 AR, 16 PR, 17 PSW, 18 PSW, 18 PSW, 18 R, 7 , 21 , 21 )
10.
11. 3
16. zArchitecture.
17. zArchitecture?
18. ZSeries?
19. ?
20. ?
21. .
22. ?
4. zSeries2
1. 2
1.1. -4
1.2 5
1.3. - 6
1.3.1. 7
1.3.2. 7
1.3.3. 7
2. MESI8
3. zSeries10
4. 15
4.1. 15
2.2. 15
3.3. BCE16
3.4. 17
3.4.1. 17
3.4.1. 18
3.4. 18
5. zSeries20
6. 21
7.21
4. zSeries50
4. zSeries
4. zSeries69
( ? : - ; -; -; , -; MESI; zSeries;, , ;, ; , .)
6.
zSeries 20- , . () . zSeries -. . .
- , . - , , , .
, , . , -.
, .
.
: -.
4.1 -
- - , , .
4.1, -, , . - , , . - , , -. : , , , ( ) ?
, , - , , , -. 4.2 , . 4.2 CP1, CP2 CP3, B . 1 ( ). CP2 - , CP2 550 . , 100. . ) .
() - 440, - 200.
, .
4.2
1.1. -
() -: - (direct-mapped cache), - - (set-associative cache) - (fully associative cache).
- - , , -. -. , , -. : ( -) = ( ) mod ( -).
- , -.
- , -.
, , - , - (-) - -.
- , , , . , , , , , .
, , , () .
, , , .
1.2
.
1. , , .
2. ( , ): , , , .
() : , , .
, .
, . CP1 , CP2.
, , - CP2, CP1, CP1 , , CP2.
.
, , CP1 CP2; , CP1, , CP2. , , CP1, CP2 . , CP1, , CP2, .
, , CP1, CP2, . : . () (write serialization).
, , , , . -.
1.3. -
, (), :
(directory based). , , .
(snooping). , , . .
1.3.1.
, , . (write ivalidate protocol), .
. , , : .
1.3.2.
. (write update protocol) (write broadcast protocol). , - , , , . , .
- , zArchitecture.
1.3.3.
( ). , . .
- , , .
, .
- . : ; -; .
MESI (Modified, Exclusive, Shared, Invalid), .
7. MESI
MESI (Modified, Exclusive, Shared, Invalid) [5]. MESI - . - . , - , .
- :
- ( , );
- ( );
S - ( , - , );
I - , ( , ).
, -, , , -, , -, - .
WT: 1 (write-through) , 0 - (write-back) -.
- S. - . .
I
WT=1, , S;
; I
S
S
; WT=1 , S
I WT=0, , - - S. , , - . S , - , , , . , , , .
I WT=1, ( ), - I.
S . , , , S.
, , .
, , , .
- / -. - , , , . I, INV. 3.
INV=0
INV=1
I
I
I
S
S
I
S
I
S;
I;
8. zSeries
z/Architecture (. 4.3).
, , , , , .
(I-unit) (E-unit). I - (L1-I), - (L1-D), E. , , . COP.
4.3 zSeries
- z/Architecture . . BCE (buffer control element).
( 4.4) . .
4.4 -
, , - (, - ), , , . : , . , , [3].
: (, , , ) .
I. (IF) , , . L1-I ( L2 ) , (D) . (, ) , .
(AGEN) , . RX , - . BCE .
BCE 1 2, L1-D ( L2 ). TLB, E .
, , , - . , (E1) - (), (WR) - . , - , 100 . . -.
, , , . 4.5.
4.5 zSeries
9. 9.1.
I z/Architecture , (24, 31, 64 ). I-buffer , - . . . BTB (branch target buffer) 8 . BTB , , : , .
: , , - Jump
, BTB . . , , . , , - . BTB "" .
2.2.
E - . GR FPR, AR, , . GR, FPR .
(FPU) 2 A-reg, B-reg C-reg. 64- HFP, BFP. FPU 5 .
, (E-1, E0 2) , . E-1 . E0 .
3.3. BCE
BCE (Buffer Control Element) , L2. 256 KB, - (four-way-set-associative) 256 . - (16 ). (write-through) , , , . , , L2, (write-back) .
- , I (LA), ALB, TLB, , . , C0, C1, C2 4.2. AAHT (Absolute Address History Table), (AA) (LA).
C0 I , , AAHT . AAHT C1 .
C1 AAHT TLB ASCE, ALB C0 . TLB , COP .
, AAHT, BTB .
, L2.
3.4.
, COP, :
, / ;
, , .
3.4.1.
/ CMPSC, , , , , , , . - LZ2 (Lempel-Ziv 2) .
, , TR, TRT, TRE . , .
E, R . 256 . , . / 64 . 256 .
3.4.1.
, . TLB BCE . BCE , ASCE , . . , , host- guest-. , (guest-), (host- guest-), . , guest- host-, 25 .
3.4.
R , , . , , , , , (GR, AR, FPR, CR). , :
L2, ;
I, E, BCE ;
TLB, ALB, ;
, ;
R , , ( 8);
, , , .
R BCE , .
12. zSeries
( ? - zSeries -: - - - - - , -: MESI - zSeries: I , BCE - , - - - )
13.
23. -.
24. zSeries?
25. MESI?
26. ?
27. ?
28. -.
29. -?
4. 2
1. 2
2. LPAR6
3. LPAR7
4. LPAR8
5. LPAR9
6. -11
6.1. 11
6.1. - LPAR13
7. (LPAR-claster)13
7.1. DASD14
7.2. - (CTC/GRS rings)15
7.3. Parallel SysPlex17
8. 20
9. Intelligent Resource Director (IRD)23
6. LPAR24
7. 25
8. 25
9.25
4. zSeries71
5.
3. 4. zSeries86
( ? : zSeries; LPAR; ; , ;, ; ; ; .)
10.
zSeries , : , (logical partition - LPAR) .
, , . , , , -, . , - SIGP (Signal Processor).
. , , ? , , , , .
. .
1
1 , LPAR. . System Control, , . , , , zSeries. (controllers), zSeries.
, (logical partitions - LPAR). LPAR (, , -) . 1, .
LPAR 15; - 60, . , -, (LPAR-).
- , , PR/SM (Processor Resource/System Manager). PR/SM LPAR. , - (CHPIDs), . SE (Support Element) CEC (Central Electronic Complex) HMC (Hardware Management Console).
, (Logical Partition Image Profile), - IOCDS (Input Output Control Data Set), (POR).
, -, , (IOCDS Input\Output Configuration DataSet). - , z/OS.
- IODF (Input\Output Definition File) IOCDS ( !). .
. , , .
, LPAR.
11. LPAR
LPAR: , LPAR (z/OS, OS/390, z/VM, Linux, VSE/ESA) Coupling Facility Control Code (CFCC).
LPAR LCSS, 60- LPAR .
" ", POR.
LPAR, . LPAR . , zOS LPAR. - , .
LPAR. , LPARs. ( firmware) LPAR.
(weightings) ; , , (LPAR1) , (LPAR2).
LPAR (Initial Program Loaded), , ( ), .. (LPAR) , .
LPAR .
12. LPAR
LPAR :
: , -;
, ;
, (LPAR capping)
(HMC) SE (Logical Partition Image Profile).
13. LPAR
: (CPU), (ICF), Linux (IFL) Java- (zAAP).
:
1.
2. LPAR, .
14. LPAR
LPAR .
, , ( z/Architecture - 256 GB, ESA/390 - 2 GB) HSA (Hardware Save Area).
LPAR .
, LPAR, , .
1 LPAR
(GB)
LPAR (MB)
5 8
16
8 16
32
16 32
64
32 64
128
. , .
. , . , LPAR1, LPAR2 LPAR3, 2.
2
LPAR2 , , . LPAR4, LPAR3, , , 3.
. , , 2 . (LPAR4), , .
, .
3
15. -6.1.
zSeries , I/O - . , .
- (I/O control layer) (control file), IOCDS (I/O Configuration Data Set). , (CHPID numbers), (switch port numbers), , . .
4
(Hardware Save Area HSA) . , S/360, , .
(addresses), x'0000' xFFFF
6.1. - LPAR
- :
1) ;
2) LPAR;
3) - (LCSS)
4) , , - (LCSS) (LPAR).
16. (LPAR-claster)
. :
DASD ;
CTC/GRS;
(Basic Sysplex) (Parallel Sysplex).
, .
16.1. DASD
4
4. z/OS, z/OS . , , .
. RESERVE RELEASE () (VTOC) . , , .
RESERVE , , RELEASE. (, , , ). RESERVE/RELEASE, . , , .
, , , , , , , . , , (load balancing).
, :
.
16.2. - (CTC/GRS rings)
5 . , , - CTC (channel-to-channel) . (CTC ring). obvious, .
5 CTC
z/OS CTC, . , , . . JCL, , , JCL SDSF ( 2).
, . Likewise, .
uniform .
, RESERVE RELEASE .
DASD, CTC, (loosely coupled systems).
:
(GRS) CTC
Request ENQueue on a dataset, update, the DEQueue
7.3. Parallel SysPlex
Parallel Sysplex. , Coupling Facilities (CFs). CF zSeries, , . , , , , .
InterSystem Channels (ISCs), Integrated Cluster Buses (ICBs) (CEC). , , ESCON FICON - .
, (SE). , , CFCC (Coupling Facility Control Code).
CFCC - (firmware), . CFCC zVM.
CF , scratch pad. :
,
( )
,
CF CF .
CF LPAR, CF. 6 , z/OS.
6 Parallel Sysplex
, , , .
Parallel Sysplex . , . ( ), Parallel Sysplex, ( Parallel Sysplex), .
:
CTC (Coupling Facility) storeENQ data GRS.
.
( DB2).
.
17.
. IBM DS8000 IBM LTO Ultrium 3584. . , , -, , , , , .
, - , , - - , , , , , . - IBM WebSphere Portal DB2.
z9 BC, POWER5, zArchitecture, zAAP Java-, SAP, -, IFL LINUX .
POWER5 IBM IBM . .
, , , ( , , , , , ) , - , - , , , , , . .
: , , . , . .
DS8000 (LPAR) (Virtualization Engine) IBM POWER5. LPAR , . . , .
, , LPAR, , - , .
18. Intelligent Resource Director (IRD)
Intelligent Resource Director (IRD). LPAR ( LPAR CPU Management), DCM (dynamic channel path management) IOPQ (Channel Subsystem Priority Queuing).
, , .
14. 5
30. .
31. LPAR?
32. ?
33. CFs?
34. ?
35. LPAR?
36. ?
15. LPAR
( ? zSeries: , , . , . LPAR: . LPAR: (GB) LPAR (MB)5 8168 163216 326432 64128LPAR - ( ): IOCDS , - x'0000' xFFFF.LPAR - : - - LPAR; - - - , - LPAR : DASD ; CTC/GRS; (Basic Sysplex) (Parallel Sysplex). : )
6.
6. 105
( ? : ; ; ; ; ; ; . ; .)
19.
1.1.
IBM :
, , , ;
, PSW, , ;
, ESA/390;
, , .
, SIGNAL PROCESSOR (SIGP) , . 1.
1 -
(ETR)
, SYGNAL PROCESSOR
(ETR)
, "" SYGNAL PROCESSOR, ,
-
-
, (ETR) 3- : , , . , , SIGP. , , SIGP, . , , .
1.2.
PSW .
PSW.
: , PSW. PSW , , - (, LOAD PSW, BRANCH SET PROGRAM MASK).
, PSW . . PSW PSW , .
PSW, , (Instruction Address) ( PSW 3 3.3.). , . , EA, BA PSW, 64, 32 24. . PSW , , , , .
1.3.
:
;
;
;
;
.
1.3.1.
, , , ILP (Initial Program Loading), .
:
, , ;
, , ;
, ;
, ;
ALB (Access Lookaside Buffer) TLB ((Translation-Lookaside Buffer).
- , " - " . ESA/390, PSW ESA/390 z/Architecture SIGNAL PROCESSOR.
, . IBM , [1].
1.3.2.
.
, :
PSW,
PSW,
,
CP,
,
TOD
.
, , z/Architecture.
1.3.3. -
- , , , , :
-, - -;
.
1.3.4.
, :
ESA/390;
, , 0;
;
, PERFORM LOCKED OPERATION, .
1.
1.3.5.
. (GR), (FPR) (AR) ESA/390.
TOD .
2.
, , . , , , , , , .
.
IBM 16 216 z900), 32 D32 z990 54 , S54 z9 EC. .
.
:
;
;
.
2.1.
, 4 KB, . , , .
, .
, :
TEST AND SET (antique);
COMPARE AND SWAP;
PERFORM LOCKED OPERATION.
, . SIGNAL PROCESSOR , , , , , , .
2.2.
, , SIGNAL PROCESSOR (SIGP) . .
2.2.1. SIGNAL PROCESSOR (SIGP)
Signal Processor . , , . . () . ( , ) . , , , Signal Processor. , Signal Processor. , , .
2.2.2.
, , , -, . , , . , .
:
SUPERVISOR CALL, . ( SUPERVISOR CALL).
, , , , .
. , , , .
- - .
SIGNAL PROCESSOR , . .
, . (Interrupt key), (Malfunction alert), (Clock comparator), (CPU timer) . .
, () PSW , - PSW . 3 .
3 PSW
. PSW , , . . PSW , , .
, , , PSW . PSW (. 5).
PSW PSW , . PSW .
2.2.2.1.
, , . 16, 32 64 .
, .
. , (interruptible). , MOVE LONG, COMPARE LOGICAL LONG . (unit of operation). , .
2.2.2.2.
:
;
PSW PSW ;
, ;
PSW ;
PSW.
PSW.
3.2.2.3.
.
PSW, FPC.
:
- 6- PSW , CR6 .
7- PSW , CR0 .
(repressible machine checks) 13- PSW , CR0 .
20- 23- PSW, , , (hexadecimal-floating-point exponent underflow) (hexadecimal-floating-point significance).
. , .
, .
, , , (hexadecimal-floating-point exponent underflow) (hexadecimal-floating-point significance).
2.2.2.4.
, , (floating interruption). , , . -, .
2.2.2.5.
. , .
. .
:
;
;
;
, ;
;
-;
.
.
2.3.
z/Architecture :
1) TOD (Time of day) ; , TOD , TOD, ;
2) , , TOD ;
3) (CPU Timer), ; .
.
2.3.1. TOD
TOD 104- , 51- ( 4)
4 TOD
TOD , , 1 51. TOD .
TOD 1 1900 00:00:00 (::) UTC. 17- 2042 23:53. STORE CLOCK (STCK) 64- TOD.
TOD , , . : , , , , 2.
2
,
CR0 ( 9),
. CR14 TOD-clock-sync-control)
SET CLOCK
. . . TOD, SET CLOCK, , TOD TOD-clock control override CR14.
CR0 (TOD-clock-sync-control bit) , SET CLOCK, . , .
, .
SET CLOCK . , . SET CLOCK .
STORE CLOCK, STORE CLOCK EXTENDED , , 063 0103 8- 16- . STORE CLOCK EXTENDED 5, Programmable Field TOD. . .
5 TOD
, 17- 2042 ( 36500 A.D.) 59- 1 , 111- 222*10-24. Programmable field , , SET CLOCK Programmable field (SCKPF).
3.3.1.
TOD . 48 .
SET CLOCK COMPARATOR, - STORE CLOCK COMPARATOR. , TOD, , 51- 1 . TOD, TOD , . . : ( ?) SET CLOCK COMPARATOR (SCKC), STORE CLOCK COMPARATOR (STCKC).
2.3.2.
, 64- TOD, 0, . 51- .
, TOD (51- 1 ), 0 .
1 51- . , , 0. . , , -. SET CPU TIMER (SPT), - STORE CPU TIMER (STPT).
, . , .
2.3.2. (Timer Stepping)
TOD . , , , , TOD.
3.
:
1) 0, ;
2) SIGP SET ARCH (CEC) c S/390 zArchtecture;
3) ;
4) RSW (. 3);
5) SIGN SET PREFIX (CPUs);
6) SIGN RESTART (CPUs).
( ? : ( RESET), - , S/390, . : PSW : ; ; ; ; . . : ; ; . - . : ,, ,-,,. - , . : TOD , TOD )4. 6 :
5. 6
?
?
, ?
?
?
PLAR TOD ?
?
?
, ?
?
PER?
PER ?
__. . 108
( ? : zArchitecture; ; ; ;, ; ; ) 7. .
20.
IBM , , , . , ; .
:
, , - (Cache), , - , ;
(Main Storage) , , MCM;
(Extended Storage) - PAGE IN, PAGE OUT, , CEC.
- - , , , - . -.
, . . , ( -), . ( . ) , . , .
( , !). . , ( ), . - , .
, , , , (. .10) .
. . 8 , , . , , () , , , . , . 24- , 31- 64- . .
1.1.
- . , . . , .
. , - . . . , .
0 7 . :
24- : 8-31 40-63;
31- : 1-31 33-63;
64- : 0-63.
, .
. . .
, , , , , . , .
, , . , .
, , , , , .
1.2.
. , . 2, 4, 8 16 . - . - - . - - . - - - . 1 .
1
, , -, , , , .
. CCW (Channel Control Word), IDAWs (Indirect Address Word), MIDAWs (Multiple Indirect Address Word), . .
: , 2, , . .
21.
, . . .
: , .
: , . , , . DAT (Dynamic Address Translation) , . . , , , .
IBM (. 2):
, ;
, , ;
, .
, , , , , . , .
2
2, :
, ;
, ;
, (DAT).
, , : .
2.1.
. - .
- , .
, , , , . , . , , - . .
( LPAR). , , .
, . , . , : .
, . , , , ( , ..).
, , IBM 264 , 2.
2
2.2.
. , . , .
, , (, ) , , , (, DASD).
, , , . 54- ( ), , . , , , , , . , . .
, , . , .
, , , .
, . , DASD (, ).
, , , ( , ) .
2.3.
, IBM, 70- . , , , .
. , . . zArchitecture , 16- 32- 232 .
: , ..
. , , .
, .
(Dynamic Address Translation - DAT).
(DAT) (look-up) , . CR1, CR7 CR13. , . .
.
, , .
( ), . , 2 .
, , (Dynamic Address Translation - DAT), . DAT , DATT, . : , , , . () ( ) ASCE (address space control element) . ASCE, DAT, . , ASCE , , DAT , , .
DAT (ASCE), . , PSW.
2.4.
3. :
(Primary-space mode);
(Secondary-space mode);
, (Access-register mode)
AS (Home-space mode).
, , :
(Primary Virtual Address),
(Secondary Virtual Address),
, (AR-specified Virtual Address)
- Home Virtual Address).
3
3 , , . , . , , , AR1AR15.
.
2.3.1. (Primary Virtual Address)
- , PASCE (primary address-space-control element). , . , , . MOVE TO PRIMARY MOVE TO SECONDARY .
2.3.2. (Secondary Virtual Address)
- , SASCE (secondary address-space-control element). , . MOVE TO PRIMARY MOVE TO SECONDARY .
2.3.3. , (AR-Specified Virtual Address)
, , , ASCE (address-space-control element). , , .
2.3.4. (Home Virtual Address)
HASCE (home address-space-control element).
2.5.
3 , . , DAT .
, .
, , . . : 1) 2) , .
( , ), :
(Logical Address - L) , ;
(Instruction Address I) , , , , .
2.5.1.
, . , (Primary-space mode);
(Secondary-space mode), , (Access-register mode) (Home-space mode). , . , .
2.5.2.
, , , . , , , , , . , . PSW EXECUTE .
1 31, 24- 31- ( : 24 31). 24- 31- - , 8- 31- 1- 31-, (. 4).
4
2.6.
, . : 24-, 31- 64- .
24 , , 16777216 (16 ) , 31 2147483648 (2 ) , 64 18,446,744,073,709,551,661 (16 ) .
24-, 31- 64- , , : 40-63, 33-63 0-63 (. 5). .
24- 31- 64 40 33 , .
24- 31- 64- . 24- 31- 64- . , 24- 16- 16- , 64- . 31- 2- .
24- 31- , ( ) 32- , . , 0-31 64- .
5
31 32 PSW, . 31 32 , , 24- , 24- . 31 , 32 1, , 31- , 31- . 31 32 , , 64- , 64- .
3.
.2, . 0 8191 CPU , , . CPU , .
0 8191 8- ( ). , 0-50 CPU, CPU , 0 8191. , . CPU , 8 , .
- 51- , 0 50- , .
: , .
3.1.
, 4.
4
: , , . , , . 0 0x1FFF ( ).
5.
(CPU) , . . , .
, 0 0x1FFF . , 0 0x1FFF.
, , . , 2 G ().
ESA/390, 4K 4K (0 0xFFF).
5
. , . CPU0 0, 02000, 04000. , 01FFF 04000 05FFF . 04000 05FFF 01FFF . .
6. , . 0-8191 ( 224), , , . 0-8191 . ? , , . ? : ( ) () ( ), ( , ) - ( ). , , ( ), ( ).
. - , , ASCE 1 7 .
0 8191, 0 50 , . , , 0 50 0. . . .
6
6 , . 1 , 0 50 . 2 (!), ( 8 ) . , 1 2, .
3.2.
0-50 :
1. 0-50 , 0-50 .
2. 0-50 0-50 , .
3. 0-50 0-50 , .
, . .
, , .
16.
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
?
17. 7
( ? : - , ; - ; . (): , . : ; ; , ; . : ; ; , .)
7. . 130
8. . .
( ? : ; ; ; ; , .)
1.1.
. ( ASN , zArchitecture ). ( ) ASCE (Address Space Control Element). ASN-, , ALET-, , , . ASCE , , .
, . , , . (DAT). (CR1, CR7, CR13)
. , .
, DAT.
1 , , . ? ? ? .
2.2.
.
216- , 16- ASN (Address Space Number).
AR1 AR15, ALET (Access List Entry Token), .
ASN ALET ASCE 1. 1, ASCE (Address Space Control Element) ASN ALET (Access List Entry Token) , ASCE DAT.
(AFT AST), , CR14. CR2 CR5, .
(ASN) ALET (Access List Entry Token), . ASN ALET ASCE (Address Space Control Element), .
8. . 133
8. . 134
1 ASN ALET ASCE
ASN
ASN (Address Space Number) . ASN - ASTE (ASN-Second-Table-Entry), , , . ASTE , ASCE (Address Space Control Element), .
ASCE CR1 CR7, ASCE ASTE . , ASN-, ASN ASTE.
16- ASN 2 16 = 64 ASN.
ASN . ASN PASN (primary ASN), 48-63 CR4, SASN 48-63 CR3 (. 2).
2 ASN
, (PASN) (SASN) (CR4 CR3), ASN CR1 CR7.
ASN (home address space) .
0 1 , , , CR1 CR7 ASCE. , , ALET, . ASTE , .
ASCE, , ASTE. ASCE , ASN.
: ASTE ASN, -ASTE, , - ASN-, -. -ASTE , ASN , ASTE.
ASTE
4.1. ASTE (ASTESN)
ASTE ASTESN, :
SET SECONDARY ASN with space switching (SSAR-ss)
SET SECONDARY ASN WITH INSTANCE with space switching (SSAIR-ss)
LOAD ADDRESS SPACE PARAMETERS.
ASTESN :
BRANCH IN SUBSPACE GROUP
PROGRAM CALL
PROGRAM TRANSFER
PROGRAM TRANSFER WITH INSTANCE
PROGRAM RETURN
, ASTESN [1, . 3-17].
4.2. ASTE (ASTEIN) ASN
ASN LX. ASTE ASTEIN , LSTESN (linkage-second-table-entry). [1, .3-18].
(. 3):
44 (R) CR0
30 (CA) 1 ASTE
31 (RA) 1 ASTE
3 ASTE
: ASTE RAS (Reliability, Availability Serviceability). ASN. , , , (integrity) , ASTEIN , PROGRAM TRANSFER WITH INSTANCE SET SECONDARY ASN WITH INSTANCE, . AX, . , ASN , AX .
8. . 137
ASN
ASN 16- ASN ASTE, , ASCE.
(ASN) , :
PROGRAM TRANSFER with space switching (PT-ss)
PROGRAM TRANSFER WITH INSTANCE with space switching (PTI-ss)
SET SECONDARY ASN with space switching (SSAR-ss)
SET SECONDARY ASN WITH INSTANCE with space switching (SSAIR-ss)
LOAD ADDRESS SPACE PARAMETERS.
ASN- , -. ASCE :
Primary Virtual Address CR1;
Secondary Virtual Address CR7;
Home Virtual Address CR13.
ASN , PROGRAM RETURN (PR-ss) PROGRAM CALL (PC-ss).
ASN ASCE, , :
ASN- (ASN-first-table - AFT);
ASN- (ASN-second-table - AST).
ASTE , , .
16- ASN : AFX (ASN-first-table-indeX) - ASN- 10- , ASX (ASN-Second-table-indeX) 6- ASN.
ASN 4.
4 ASN
AFX , AST (ASN-first-table). AST ASTO (ASN-first-table-origin) CR14.
AFT , AFTO (AFT origin) CR14 AFX ASN. AFT ASTO (AST origin), ASX ASN ASTE (AST entry), ASCE.
, PASN PROGRAM CALL with space switching , ASTE, CR5, PASTEO (primary ASTE origin).
5.1. ASN-
ASN- T AFTO (ASN-first-table-origin), CR14.
CR14 5.
5 ASN
44 CR14 . , , ASN - , PROGRAM CALL with space switching.
45-63 CR14 12 , , 31- , ASN, AFT (Address space First Table).
5.2. ASN-
ASN- :
ASN- (ASN-first-table - AFT);
ASN- (ASN-second-table - AST).
.
5.2.1.1. AFT
AFT , 6.
6 AFT
:
(I): 0 , ASTE . I=0, ASN- ASTE. I=1, ASN- .
ASTO (ASN-Second-Table-Origin): 1 25, 6 ( 31- ), 31- , AST.
5.2.1.2. AST
AST 64 , 48 . 0-47 , 7 8.
7 12- AST
8 36- AST
0-47 AST :
(I): 0 , , ASTE . I=0, ASN- , I=1, ASN- .
ATO (Authority-Table -Origin): 1 29 c ( 31- ) 31- , .
(B): 31, =1, , ASTE, .
(AX): 32 47 ASN, .
(ATL): 48-59 (), , , 16- .
ASN (CA): 62 = 1 , PROGRAM TRANSFER WITH INSTANCE with space switching (PTI-ss) SET SECONDARY ASN with space switching (SSAR-ss) . , .
ASN (RA): 63 PROGRAM TRANSFER with space switching SET SECONDARY ASN with space switching .
(ASCE): 64-127 , (RTD), (STD) (RSD). , .
[1, . 3-25]:
(ALD): 128 153.
(ASTESN): 160 191
(LTD) (LFTD): 192-223
(ASTEIN): 352 383
224-319 .
: ASTE, 0-31, 40-43 48-63 0.
5.3. ALET
ALET (AR) ASCE ALET. , ALET, B R , , (. 8). , AR0, AR, , , ASCE CR1 (Primary Virtual Address).
: . , (PSW.5 = 1), 1 (DAT), 16-17 0 (PSW.16 = 0) 1 (PSW.17 = 1). , ( ), :
LG R1,8(R3,R4),
(AR4) 8(R3,R4) . , (CR1). = 1, (CR7). , , ( ).
9
1, 8 ( ) ALET ASCE. =1 (Primary-space access list), =0 - (Dispatchable-unit-access list).
ALESN .
ALEN AST.
=1 (Primary-space access list). PASTEO (Primary Virtual Address) CR5 AST (Primary ASTE), ALD, Primary-space access list. ALEN Primary-space access list, AST, ASCE , .
=0 Dispatchable-unit-access list. DUCTO CR2 Dispatchable-unit-control-table, DUALD, ALEN ASCE AST (Address Space Secondary Table).
5.4. ASCE
( )
5.5. ALB (Access Lookaside Buffer)
ALB (Access Lookaside Buffer) ASCE .
, ALET , ALB, , .
ASCE ALB .
5.6.
.
ASN ALET , . 11.
11
(Authority Table), ( P) ( S) .
(Authorization Index - AX) (Extended Authorization Index - EAX), CR4 CR8 .
9.1. ASN
ASN - ASN. ASN-second-table, ASCE, , : (Authority Table Origin - ATO) (Authority Table Length - ATL).
AX CR4 ATO ATL. , , .
9.2. ASN -
ASN - (Access-register mode), .
(Access List), ASN-second-table ASCE.
:
Access List FO, .
P, . P=0 . P=1 EAX CR8 ALEAX . , EAX CR8.
S, .
10.1.
10.1.1. 31-
ESA/390 2 1 , 4 .
31- S/390 12.
12 31-
: , .
. . STD (Segment Table Destination) ( 13). CR1, CR7 CR13 . , 8 12 CR0 10110.
13
PSTO , , ( 14).
14
, PFRA ( 15).
15
10.1.2. 64-
zArchitecture 16- 2 , 1 , 4 .
64- 16.
16 64-
z/Architecture 16. 64, 24- 31- 039 032 . , DAT. SX, PX BX 24 31 - . , , , . 64- - . , 2 GB, 1 MB, 4 KB.
- 8 GB. , 33 032, , - (RFX), (RSX) (RTX) .
16 EB (Exa Byte = 260 ), RFX - 8 PB (Peta Byte = 250 ), RFX RSX - 4 TB (Tera Byte = 240 ).
( , , , , ), . . , 4 ( - ).
17 64-
zArchitecture , ( ). , , ( , ).
, 18:
18
, 19:
19 - STE
, 20 :
20 -
(TT) (RSTO - , RTTO- , STO - , PTO - ) . ( ) TL. , TF . I , , .
10.2.
21 DAT
ASN ALET ASCE DAT , 13. 64- , .
ASCE , 21 .
DAT 22.
- TLB ASCE . , . - TLB. , TLB. (PFRA).
ASCE , . ASCE ( RFX, RSX, RTX, SX, PX) TLB, .
22 DAT
10.3.
ASCE (TO), . , , , , DT 2. DT=11 , TO ASCE . DT=00 , ASCE . , ASCE R, ( ), TL, ( 4 KB).
2 DAT
2
DT
DAT
TO ASCE
11
(Region First Table)
RSTO
10
(Region Second Table)
RTTO
01
(Region Third Table)
STO
00
(Segment Table)
PTO
DT ASCE 2 , . ASCE . RFX, - RSX, - RTX - SX.
DT=11 , , DT=10 - , DT=01 - , DT=00 . , , , . , ASCE , .
10.4. TLB
, DAT , . DAT TLB (Translation-Lookaside Buffer). - . TLB. DAT . ( , , ) TLB. TLB .
DAT, , TLB , . DAT, , : (attached) (valid). , DAT. . , , , , ( ).
TLB : , DAT ( ) ( ).
TLB :
- ( ) , DAT; . ASCE. TLB, DAT, , . , (RFX, RSX, RTX) (SX) . , .
, DAT, (PX) . PFRA, .
, Real-space Token Origin ( ASCE R, ), RFX, RSX, RTX, SX, PX, . DAT, .
4.2.
( ? : ASN . : : RX, SX, PX BX RX : RFX, RSX RTX. : - ; ; .)
4.3.
PSW ?
?
ASN- ?
?
?
?
9 - zSeries
( ? : - ; - ; ; -; - ;, .)
22. -
IBM . . , , , , , , , , , ( , ). , . , , .
- - - , , -. - SAP (System Assist Processor).
- zSeries . - , .
-, , (Channel Program), : , , .
SAP- . - .
2. -
- .
(I/O Devices), - . -, 16- , 65536 .
(Control Unit), , - CSS . CU - CSS, , . CU , - CSS.
(Channel Path) , (CU). , , -. CU , CU. , . (Channel Path Identifier - CHPID). - 256 CHPID.
1 -
(Subchannels) - CSS . - - , -: -, CHPID, , , . - CSS, , . 65536, 16- .
-, 1.), 4.1.) , 256- -.
, ( 4.1). (. 4.1) MCSS (Multiple LCSS - MCSS) MIF (Multiple Image Facility).
MCSS ( 256) (Logical CSS - LCSS). LCSS , . LCSS - CSSID, (hypervisor) -. z990, z890 - LCSS, 512.
- CSS ( 4.1) MCSS ( 4.1) CEC (central electronical complex).
2.
2. - LCSS, - MCSS, ( 15-) LPAR1 - LPAR15, LPAR0 (Control Program CP hypervisor). , LPAR LCSS , LCSS .
LPAR , , -, , .
Multiple Image Facility, LPAR MIF- 64 Subchannel Images (SCI) 256 Channel Path Images (CPI). SCI CPI LPAR MIF- .
MIF- LCSS MIF- . LCSS MIF- (IID) 1-15.
9 - zSeries
2 -
, LPAR, SCI CPI. , LPAR LCSS, 256 LCSS (Channel Path Set - CPS), CHPID 0-255. LCSS CHPID. LCSS MIF- (hypervisor) . LCSS, MIF- , MIF- (MIF shared).
LCSS . (Physical Channel ID - PCHID), : -, , . CHPID PCHID, (hypervisor).
LCSS , , (Spanning Channel). (LCSS). , (PCHID) (CHPID) (LCSS). LPAR LCSS.
(Virtual Channel) VCHID.
.
4. -
? . , , ? .
: (, , , , , ) ( , , ).
, , , .
- CSS :
,
,
, ( ).
, , . 3 4.
3 S/360
, 3 , 132, , 4.
4 S/360
, 3 Y, : 171, 571 671, . . , .
3 ( ), (5 3) ( ), . . Z 31 331 .
5 zArchitecture
5 zArchitecture. , , .
, S/360, , 6.
- -, .
LPAR
1,2,..,30
CSSID
0,1 ?
LCSS
0,1
IID
SCI*CPI
SCI
0,1,2,, 65536
CPI
0,1,2,,255
CHPID ( [3, . 40])
0,1,2,, 255 (28)?
PCHID
0,1,255
- .
6
4.1.
, -, . , , 7.
7
(LPAR Name), (LPAR ID) (LPAR Number), , z990. , LPAR MIF- - IID. MIF- - (LCSS) SCI CPI. PHPID MIF- IID, CSSID CHPID. (Directors) CU.
4.1.1.
CHPID - , . CHPID , RESET CHANNEL PATH , (RESET). , , SCHIB, CHPID, STORE SUBCHANNEL. , CHPID , . 256- . .
4.1.2.
- 16- , . () . -: CANCEL SUBCHANNEL, CLEAR SUBCHANNEL, HALT SUBCHANNEL, MODIFY SUBCHANNEL, RESUME SUBCHANNEL, START SUBCHANNEL, STORE SUBCHANNEL, TEST SUBCHANNEL. - , , -.
. - 0. , , . 65536 . .
4.1.3.
- 16- , , ( ). () . , -, , .
- , , . , . , , , . .
: . , , , (control unit) .
4.1.4.
, (not apparent to the program). . . .
- , -, (CU), . 8- .
, , , , , .
, - 8- .
- (ESCON) (CU) , , 12- .
- FICON 8- ( - control unit) 8- , , 16- .
- FICON-converted 4- ( ) 8- , , 12- .
[3, 4].
4.1.5. -
, , (hypervisor) - Subsystem Identification Word (SID).
, , -. SID - (LCSS) CSSID MIF- IID.
-, , GR1, SID (subsystem identification word). SID 4.4.
8 - - SID
4.2.
CCW (Channel Command Word) .
4.2.1. CCW
CCW , , -, , , , , .
CCW, , , . CCW , CCW transfer-in-channel.
CCW ORB, START SUBCHANNEL. , CCW, 8 1 ORB. CCW . CCW
0 1. CCW ( 9).
9 - CCW
-0 CCW 224 (16 ) , -1 231 (2 GB) .
4.2.2. -
- S, 10.
10 - -
, - , , GR1 GR2. , -, , GR1, . GR1 SID, . 4.1.5.
4.2.3. -
.
, - PSW. 4 , .
-
0
1
2
,
3
,
4.2.4.
CCW (validly test) , 6-1, , . , , .
CCW , , . CU , .
- - , , . , , , , - . , , -.
5. : frame-multiplex mode, burst mode, or byte-multiplex
LPAR ( , , LPAR) : -, - .
- - . - -. , , -, , interleaved , - -.
, , (Source Logical Address - SLA) (Destination Logical Address - DLA). .
, , . , , .
- . - . - , . . , .
, , , , . , , , , .
, , - , - . .
-, , , - , , -.
.
-, - . , , , , .
, .
, , . , .
18.
37. - .
38. - .
39. ?
40. MIF- ?
41. MIF- ?
42. - ?
43. - ?
44. ?
19. ( ? - : ; , ; , SAP (System Assist Processor), . - :: - ; CU (Control Unit) , ; CU; -. : MIF- MIF- ;MIF- SCI CPI LPAR;;CPI - MIF- ;SCI - MIF- -: , , , , . :-;;-.) 9 - zSeries
20.
1. .., .., .., .. IBM eServer zSeries: . . .:-- , 2005.
2. .. (mainframe)// . .: . 2006.
3. .. // ,. .: . 2006.
4. (Storage Area Network). International Business Machines Corporation, 2005.
5. IBM WebSphere Portal V5. Course materials. International Business Machines Corporation, 2004.
6. Mike Ebbers, Wayne OBrien. An Introduction to the Mainframe: z/OS Basics - International Business Machines Corporation, 2004
7. / . . .: . . .. .; . .. . .: , 1990. 560 .: .
8. zArchitecture Principles of Operation, chapter 2 Organization
9. : zOS
10. .. - ( ) .: .., 1987. 335 .
1964
1970
1980
1990
2000
2004
S/360
S/370
S/370XA
31 bits
ESA/390
z/Architecture
64 bits
MVT, PCP
MFT
MVS
-
VTAM
VM
MVS/XA
MVS/ESA
OS/390
z/OS
DB2
z/VM
Linux
CICS
HW
SW
USS
-
TCP/IP
WebSphere
CMOS
Parallel Sysplex
+
+
+
