E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana
description
Transcript of E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana
![Page 1: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EEfeitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Saúde HumanaSaúde Humana
Dr. Renato Sabbatini
Faculdade de Medicina
UNICAMP
![Page 2: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
O Que São Telefones CelularesO Que São Telefones Celulares
São pequenos rádios que operam com baixos níveis de potência de transmissão
Utilizam ondas eletromagnéticas invisíveis, na mesma faixa usada pelos fornos de microondas, rádio e TV
Todos se conectam a antenas centrais chamadas de estação rádio base
![Page 3: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Before and AfterBefore and After
Top: You can see Martin Cooper making a phone call on the first mobile cell phone ever invented.
Bellow: You can see today’s type of mobile cell phone.
Martin Cooper
![Page 4: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Cell Phone Usage ExplodesCell Phone Usage Explodes
In 1994, 16 million Americans subscribed to cellular phone services. Today, more than 110 million Americans are subscribers.
![Page 5: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
How Cell Phones WorkHow Cell Phones Work
1. Transmitter takes sound of voice and encodes it onto a continuous sine wave
2. Transmitter sends signal to the antenna
3. Antenna propagates the signal (electromagnetic radiation)
![Page 7: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Electromagnetic RadiationElectromagnetic Radiation
Made up of waves of electric and magnetic energy moving at the speed of light
All electromagnetic energy falls on the electromagnetic spectrum, which ranges from extremely low frequency (ELF) radiation to X-rays and gamma rays
![Page 8: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
![Page 9: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of Electromagnetic RadiationTypes of Electromagnetic Radiation
Ionizing radiation:• enough electromagnetic energy to strip atoms and
molecules from the tissue and alter chemical reactions in the body. E.g. Gamma rays and X-rays
Non-ionizing radiation: • typically safe• causes some heating effect, but usually not enough to cause
any type of long-term damage to tissueE.g. Radio-frequency energy, visible light and microwave radiation
![Page 10: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Radiation Health ScaresRadiation Health Scares
Magnetic fields from power lines and leukemia in children (late 1970s)
• Subsequent studies found no connection between cancer and power lines
Cancer from computer monitors (around same time)• While some radiation emitted from computer monitors,
studies have shown that they don't raise cancer rates Potential for radiation damage caused by cell phones (mid
1990s)• Studies on the issue continue to contradict one another
![Page 11: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Public ReactionPublic Reaction
![Page 12: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Health Scare ReasoningHealth Scare Reasoning
All cell phones emit some amount of electromagnetic radiation
Most users place phone against head Good chance that some of the radiation will
be absorbed by human tissue
![Page 13: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Radiation AbsorptionRadiation Absorption
Computer model of human head in cross section shows distribution of the energy absorbed from a cellular telephone handset
Most of the energy is absorbed within the first 1-2 cm beneath the surface of the skull
![Page 14: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Are We SafeAre We Safe
FDA: “The available scientific evidence does not demonstrate any adverse health effects associated with the use of mobile phones."
• Doesn't mean that the potential for harm doesn't exist. FCC: HIGH levels of RF radiation can damage human
tissue • RF radiation has the ability to heat human tissue, like the
way microwave ovens heat food• Body is not equipped to dissipate excessive amounts of heat.
Eyes particularly vulnerable due to the lack of blood flow in that area
![Page 15: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Electromagnetic SpectrumElectromagnetic Spectrum
![Page 16: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Drive Now Talk LaterDrive Now Talk Later
A new evaluation by the Harvard Center for Risk Analysis (HCRA) estimates that the use of cell phones by drivers may result in approximately 2,600 deaths, 330,000 moderate to critical injuries, and 1.5 million instances of property damage in America per year.
![Page 17: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: E feitos dos Telefones Celulares sobre a Sa ú de Humana](https://reader034.fdocument.pub/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5681556b550346895dc336ce/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)