, :)m-i-f.ru

Jim Collins

HOW THE MIGHTY FALLAnd Why Some Companies

Never Give In

HarperCollins Publishers

, , 2013

65.011.8 65.291.218 60

, .60 . -

/ ; . . . . . : , -, 2013. 288 .

ISBN 978-5-91657-533-0

, - , , -: ? , , ? - ? - , , , ? - , ? ?

, - , -, .

65.011.8 65.291.218

ISBN 978-5-91657-533-0

Jim Collins, 2009 ,

, . , , 2013.

. - - .

-

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

1: , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

3: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

4: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

5: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

1: ,

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164

2:

- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172

3: Fannie Mae 2008 . . . . . . 179

4:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

6

4: . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

5: ,

? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

6: IBM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

6: Nucor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

6: Nordstrom . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

7:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

,

,

.

, . - , -

, ,

- ( -

)*. ,

, ,

. ,

* -

. . .

9

,

.

25 2008 .,

United

Airlines

. Bear Stearns,

156- Fortune 500, -

JPMorgan Chase, -

. 158

Lehman

Brothers. Fannie Mae Freddie Mac -

. Merrill Lynch,

, . -

Washington Mutual*

. -

-

-

.

, 2008 .

- , -

.

:

* , 1889 2008 . 2008 . Wash-

ington Mutual 95% .

JP Morgan Chase.

. .

10

, -

, ,

* -

**. -

,

, , -

.

,

-

,

.

,

,

.

,

. , -

, . , -

, .

* . .

, . . : , , 2012. . .

** . . . , -

. . : -

, 2005. . .

2004 . , *. Conference Board** -

- -

, .

* Leader to Leader Institute 2003 . -

. -

, . . .

** The Conference Board, Inc. ,

60 . -

,

-, -

. . .

12

? , -

*.

,

,

. ,

,

, .

?

, . , .

. .

? .

? -

: ,

.

-

:

, ?

(-

, -

-

), - -

.

* - ,

. . .

13

, , ,

- . -

, .

, ,

, 1. -

. . ,

, . -

?

?

-

.

,

, -

.

, . :

?

? .

-

, ,

,

. ?

? . -

-

, ,

,

,

14

, .

, , -

, , ,

-

(.

). ,

: ?

?

- .

, ,

.

, , : -

,

. .

.

2002 .

* -

-, . -

3000 , -

3900. 3300

* , ,

(1985) (1986)

Ironman. . .

15

, -

. ,

-

, -

,

.

,

. , ,

,

, , .

,

.

, , , -, , . - , , .

, -

, -

.

16

, , , . -: , - , , - (, , - ). - , - - , ? , . , , - .

. , - - - 19601970- ., - 2 - . , - , , , . - , , , - , ?

17

, , , , , , , . -, - . , , .

,

5:12 18 1906 .

- , , ,

,

3. . . . !

- .

, -,

.

, ,

. . -

. .

Bank of Italy,

18

, , ,

. -

, -

. ,

: -

,

. -

-

,

, -. -

-,

, -

.

-

, ,

, . : -

- !4

, -

.

.

- , -

, , Bank of Italy

, -

. ,

, , -

,

19

Bank of America. 1945 .

, Chase National

Bank5*.

Bank of America -

6. ,

Harvard Business Review,

: Bank of America -

1100 , 100 ,

, $100 . -

,

7

- 1980 .,

Bank of America ,

, , -

,

80% ( ,

), -

,

,

* 1998 . Bank of America NationsBank,

, Bank of America Nations-

Bank. . .

20

-, -

,

,

, ,

-

-

,

. -

Bank of America8.

-

, Bank of America 1970- ., -

,

, , .

, Motorola Circuit City,

.

Zenith Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company (A&P)*, - -

, -

, -

.

* The Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Company (A&P) -

, . 2010 . ,

, -

. . .

21

, , . , , , , . , -. .

, , , - :

, ! -

, , ! -

, !

!

1980 . Bank of America

CEO. Forbes

:

,

9. , Bank of America

,

- , ,

, ,

,

.

22

,

600

400

200

0

200

400

600

800

1972 1976 1980 1984 1987

Bank of America 19721987 . ( . )

, -

, , -

, Wall Street Journal

, .

, ,

- Charles Schwab ,

*

Bank of America

* 27 1932 . -

16 (). -

. . .

23

, .

Seafirst

Corp.

$100 .

. -

-

, , .

- Bank of America 10.

,

.

,

. ,

-

,

11.

Charles Schwab BMW, Porsche -

Jaguar, , -

Ford, Buick

Chevrolet12.

HR- , BusinessWeek

, Wall Street -

13. ,

14. ,

24

-

, Bank of America ,

$600 , , 19851987 .

-

.

, -

-

*. ,

, , ,

, .

,

: Bank of America ,

.

, .

.

*

Breaking the Bank: The Decline of BankAmerica. . .

- - , -

, , ,

,

?.

, .

- -

,

.

26

-

-

(

, -

,

-

). ,

,

, .

-

, ,

, -

,

.

Atlantic & Pacific Tea Company (A&P), Addressograph, Ames

Department Stores, Bank of America (

NationsBank), Circuit City, Hewlett-Packard (HP), Merck, Motorola,

Rubbermaid, Scott Paper Zenith ( -

1). ,

,

,

, , , ,

27

, , ,

. -

: , -

, ,

, ?

,

,

.

: ,

, -

. , ,

Merck HP

( ,

).

, ,

: -

. ,

, -

, ,

.

,

, -

( ).

Fannie Mae 2008 .:

2005 .

28

, Fannie Mae -

,

. -

, -

, -

(, , Fannie Mae, -

)

.

, -

Fannie Mae -

3.

-:

. -

?

-?. :

?. -

-, -

, , -

( 2 ).

. 1970- .

Ames Department Stores Wal-Mart,

,

29

.

-,

.

. . ,

,

, -

, .

:

, . -

? -

.

?

, -

Wal-Mart

Ames

1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

: 2006 (CRSP). www.crsp.chicagobooth.edu

30

, - : ,

, -

, -

- .

,

-

,

. -

, -

-

.

o

, -

.

:

, -

-

.

: -

, -

, , , -

. , ,

, , -

, , -

.

31

: -

Southwest Airlines, -

, ,

, , . , -

-

-

( , :

),

, Southwest

- ,

1960- . Pacific Southwest Airlines.

,

,

Southwest .

, , -

, , ,

, ,

,

. , -

, ,

-

. , , -

Zenith, 1960- .,

,

32

, -

. -

,

-

, -

. , -

,

,

. ,

, ,

, ,

. -

-

, -

.

, , , : -, , , - , , , Bank of America 1980 . - : , , .

33

:

? , -

? -

, , ? ?

:

-, ,

, ,

-

, , : , -

, , -

. ,

,

.

. : -

,

-. , -

. -

, , ,

, , ,

.

,

.

34

,

. -

, -

, ,

, ,

, -

, ( -

A&P 2 ).

*, -:

, , ,

,

15. , , -

, ,

, .

. -

, -

.

1: , . -

, , ;

- ,

-

. 1 ,

* ,

, , , -

. . .

35

, -

, -

. ( -

, - -),

( , ,

- -,

),

.

. ,

, .

1: ,

2: -

4:

5:

3:

36

2: .

1 ( , !) -

2,

, , -

, ,

. 2 -

, , -

, -

, ,

, ,

. , -

. -

-

, -

.

3: .

3,

, -

,

,

,

.

3 ,

, -

.

37

,

. -

, ,

, .

-

,

,

4.

4: . / -

3 ,

, .

: -

?

, -

? 4

, -

; , -

, ; ;

;

;

. -

,

.

5: .

4,

38

, , -

5, -

-

,

.

-

, -

, -

.

,

, , , -

, - , - .

, Zenith -

, Rubbermaid

2 5 . (

Bear Stearns Lehman Brothers,

,

, ,

.) -

, - ; , Ames -

3 , 4 -

, 5.

, ,

, .

,

,

39

(

!). , -

.

1: ,

2:

3:

4:

5:

?

,

,

-

. -

,

40

,

-

.

, -

. , -

, -

.

-,

. -

, , -

( ),

, . ,

, . -

,

.

-, , -

. ,

,

-

. ,

, -

4. -

, Nucor, Nordstrom, Disney IBM, -

,

.

41

, . 5 , 4 . - , . -, - , , .

:

, -

? : -

. ,

,

. , -

, ,

.

1: ,

1: ,

2: -

4:

5:

3:

1: , 43

1983 . Motorola -

, ,

. -

, -

-

. Motorola

, -

, , -

16. 1929 . -

,

Galvin Manufacturing Corporation,

( )

. , -

, -

Motorola .

Motorola: , -

,

.

1989 . 165 CEO,

Motorola

, .

44

, , Motorola

, -

, -

, -

. , Motorola

,

.

1990- .

Motorola, $5

$27 ,

. 1995 .

Motorola -

StarTAC (

-

, , ).

: StarTAC -

,

. Motorola? -

,

BusinessWeek, -

Motorola :

17.

,

Bell Atlantic. -

StarTAC,

, :)m-i-f.ru

/ColorImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorACSImageDict > /JPEG2000ColorImageDict > /AntiAliasGrayImages false /CropGrayImages true /GrayImageMinResolution 300 /GrayImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleGrayImages true /GrayImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /GrayImageResolution 300 /GrayImageDepth -1 /GrayImageMinDownsampleDepth 2 /GrayImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeGrayImages true /GrayImageFilter /DCTEncode /AutoFilterGrayImages true /GrayImageAutoFilterStrategy /JPEG /GrayACSImageDict > /GrayImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayACSImageDict > /JPEG2000GrayImageDict > /AntiAliasMonoImages false /CropMonoImages true /MonoImageMinResolution 1200 /MonoImageMinResolutionPolicy /OK /DownsampleMonoImages true /MonoImageDownsampleType /Bicubic /MonoImageResolution 1200 /MonoImageDepth -1 /MonoImageDownsampleThreshold 1.50000 /EncodeMonoImages true /MonoImageFilter /CCITTFaxEncode /MonoImageDict > /AllowPSXObjects false /CheckCompliance [ /None ] /PDFX1aCheck false /PDFX3Check false /PDFXCompliantPDFOnly false /PDFXNoTrimBoxError true /PDFXTrimBoxToMediaBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXSetBleedBoxToMediaBox true /PDFXBleedBoxToTrimBoxOffset [ 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 0.00000 ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfile () /PDFXOutputConditionIdentifier () /PDFXOutputCondition () /PDFXRegistryName () /PDFXTrapped /False

/CreateJDFFile false /Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice