Doko.vn 162444 Quy Trinh Cong Nghe Che Bien Rong Bien

Quy trnh cng ngh ch bin rong bin Lp: C3SH2

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LI M U

Vit Nam c h ng vt, thc vt v cng phong ph, c nhiu gen qu

him c trng cho kh hu nhit i nng m. Mt trong nhng iu kin to nn

s phong ph v giu c y chnh l vng bin nhit i rng vi b di hn 3000

km bao bc ht pha ng v nam t nc. Mt trong nhng ngun ti nguyn

phong ph v c gi tr m vng bin ban tng cho chng ta l rong bin.Ti vng

bin Vit Nam c khong 800 loi rong bin thuc tt c cc b ca cc ngnh

rong c cng b trn th gii.

Trn th gii, rong bin thuc vo loi ti nguyn qu him c gi tr kinh

t v c khai thc t nhiu nm nay phc v cho nhiu mc ch khc nhau ca

nn kinh t quc dn. Trong s nhng gi tr v mt kinh t ca rong bin, phi k

n nhng sn phm c gi tr ln nht m rong bin cho chng ta l cc

polysaccharide.

Cc polysaccharide t nhin c cu trc mng li, l ngun ng v tn

ca rong bin. Ngoi chc nng l lm vt liu to nn thnh t to, cc

polysaccharide gi nhiu chc nng quan trng khc i vi t bo nh trao i

cht v bo v t bo nn chng c bn c hc cao. V bn cht nu trn kt

hp vi mt s tnh cht c bit ca chng nh to gel nng thp xp x

1%, nht cao rt d to mng, m cc polysaccharide c s dng rng ri

tronh nhiu ngnh kinh t nh: cng ngh thc phm( ch bin tht, sa, lm bnh

ko ) lm thuc nh rng, dng trong m phmngoi ra chng cn l ngun

nguyn liu lm dc phm.

Da vo tnh cht d to mng, c th dng polysaccharide t nhin to

mng polyme sinh hc. Khi s dng polysaccharide lm vt liu ch to mng

sinh hc, mng ny gi li nhiu tnh cht tt ca polysaccharide t nhin. Ngoi

ra, cn c th bin tnh chng thu c nhng tnh cht cn thit phc v

yu cu thc t, khc phc nhng nhng nhc im ca mng polyme ha hc.



Mng polyme sinh hc t cc polysaccharide ny c th p ng c cc

nhu cu thc t nh: bao thuc cha bnh, bo qun thc phm, thm thu, siu

lc, lm cht mang cho cc cht c hot tnh sinh hc, dng trong s l mi

trngMt iu quan trng l cc ph thi ca chng ( mng sau khi s dng )

khng gy i nhim mi trng, v cc vt liu ny sau khi thi ra mi trng s

dn phn hy bi cc h vi sinh vt c sn trong t nhin.



TNG QUAN TI LIU

Nhng th rau trn mt t giu vitamin bao nhiu th cc loi rong bin li

cha nhiu cht khong by nhiu. V th i vi ngi n chay khng th b qua

cc loi rong bin b sung cht khong. Rong bin l mt loi hi sn

"rau xanh", mt mn qu thin nhin qu gi v ngoi dng lm thc n, rong bin

cn c dng lm thuc, thc n h tr cha bnh cho con ngi.

Nhiu loi rong bin c th lm thc n cho con ngi, Vit Nam thng

c dng nhiu nht l "rong cu" (rau cu), rong mt, rong sn, rong m, rong

nho Mt s khc ngi ta tch chit carrageenan t loi rong bin nh: rong

sn, rong , rong hng vn, rong m Trc y rong bin c khai thc trong

t nhin t thp nin 1960 nhiu nc chu nh Hn Quc, Nht Bn, Trung

Quc ngi ta trng rong bin lm lng thc.

Theo T chc Lng nng Lin Hip Quc (FAO), t sn lng rong bin

nm 1960 ch 150.000 tn n nay tng n 1,6 triu tn mi nm. Chu tiu

th nhiu rong bin nht, n 90% tng sn lng ton th gii, chu u ch tiu

th 1%. Hng nm, M chi 10 triu USD nhp cc sn phm rong bin m phn

ln lm thc phm cho ngi n king. Trong cc phng php dng sinh ca

nhiu dn tc trn th gii, rong bin c coi l thc n to s do dai, khe

mnh v th cht v tinh thn cho con ngi



CHNG I:

THNH PHN DINH DNG CA RONG BIN V GII

THIU V CARRAGEENAN

1.1. Phn tch gi tr thnh phn dinh dng ca rong bin

- Rong bin rt giu dng cht, ngoi thnh phn m rt cao rong bin

cn cha rt nhiu khong cht, cc yu t vi lng v vitamin, cht x trong

ni bt l it ( yu t vi lng ti cn thit cho tuyn gip). Hm lng sinh t A

trong rong bin cao gp 2 - 3 ln so vi c rt, gp 10 ln trong b, hm lng

canxi cao gp 3 ln so vi sa b, vitamin B2 cao gp 4 ln trong trng, gp 7 ln

trong trng, vitamin C, E cao gp nhiu ln trong rau qu.

Nghin cu ca y hc hin i cho thy rong bin cn cha cc dng cht

sau:

- Vitamin C: trong rong bin l cht dinh dng rt cn thit cho s trao

i cht ca t bo, thc y s hnh thnh collagen trong c th, lm vt thng

mau lnh v c tc dng phng chy mu chn rng.

- It l cht khong rt cn thit cho tuyn gip, c nhiu trong rong bin.

Thiu it s mc bnh bu c.

- Vitamin B2 trong rong bin c tc dng tham gia truyn dn trong qu

trnh xy ha ca c th. Nu c th thiu vitamin B2 ko di s gy ri lon trao

i cht ca cc t bo.

- Axit bo trong rong bin c tc dng thc y c th thi loi cholesterol,

khng ch lng cholesterol trong mu, t ngn nga bnh cao huyt p v

bnh tim mch. Ngoi ra, rong bin cn cha DHA, canxi v mt s dng cht

khc cn thit cho sc khe.

- Cht khong trong rong bin rt giu cht khong nh calcium, photpho,

st, mui



Qua nghin cu v thc nghim lm sng, cc chuyn gia y hc thy rng,

rong bin c tc dng b mu, tt cho tim, thn, h tun hon, h bi tit v cc c

quan sinh dc. Rong bin lm do dai cc mch mu v cc m t bo, gip iu

ha hot ng gia cc h thng trong c th.

Thnh phn quan trng trong rong bin l cht fertile clement - c tc dng

iu tit mu lu thng, tiu c, loi b cc cn b trong c th. Trong rong bin

c cha polysaccharide, c tc dng hp thu cholesterol thi ra ngoi c th, khin

hm lng cholesterol trong huyt dch duy tr mc cn bng.

Nhiu nghin cu khoa hc trong thi gian gn y cng xc nhn, rong

bin c tc dng phng chng virus v ung th. Cc chuyn gia y hc pht hin

ra huyt dch ca nhng bnh nhn ung th mang tnh axit, trong khi rong bin

li l thc n mang tnh kim cha nhiu canxi, v th, c tc dng iu tit v cn

bng axit v kim trong mu.

Cht cellulose c nhiu trong rong bin kch thch s co bp ca rut, y

nhanh qu trnh bi tit, h thp nng nhng cht c nguy c gy ung th trong

ng rut, t lm gim mc ung th kt trng v ung th trc trng.

Di gc nhn ca y hc hin i, rong bin l loi thc n thng c

dng phi hp trong thc n cho nhng ngi bo ph, ngi mc bnh tiu

ng, ngi cao huyt p v ngi b suy tuyn gip trng.

Lm sch rut, nga to bn Thnh phn Alga alkane mannitol c trong rong bin l loi ng c hm

lng calo thp, gip nui dng cc vi khun c li cho rut, lm cho thc n

tiu ho nhanh v sm loi b cc cc cht cn b lu li trong rut. Nh , rut

tr nn sch s, tng kh nng hp th canxi. Cng chnh v vy m rong bin tr

thnh thc phm nga to bn v thc y s bi tit hu hiu.



Gim huyt p Trong rong bin hm cha mt lng cht khong rt phong ph. Thc t,

khoa hc chng minh rng rong bin hp thu t nc bin hn 90 loi khong

cht vi hm lng mui thp v canxi cao. Chnh v l m rong bin l thc

phm c u tin hng u i vi nhng ngi b cao huyt p.

Gim cholesterol Cuc sng ngy nay ai cng s cc thc phm giu cholesterol, nguyn

nhn gy nn bnh bo ph. Vy nn cc thc phm vi hm lng calo thp

nhng vn m bo ngon ming nh rong bin ang rt c coi trng. Cc gia

nh nn p dng mn canh rong bin trong thc n hng ngy ca mnh.

Dit khun, lm sch mu Thnh phn quan trng nht c trong rong bin l fertile clement. y l

cht c tc dng iu tit mu lu thng, tiu c, loi b cc cn b c trong c

th. Thm vo , n cn l cht khng th thiu ca tuyn gip trng, ni tit ra

hooc-mn sinh trng, gip c th pht trin. Chnh v l m ph n c thai v

tr em c khuyn khch n cc thc phm lm t rong bin.

Cht bo trong rong bin c tc dng iu ha lng cholesterol trong mu,

ngn chn bnh cao huyt p v tim mch. Ngoi ra, trong rong bin cn cha

nhiu Iot, vitamin B2, DHA, v mt s dng cht khc cn thit cho sc khe

thai ph.

Mt s li ch ca rong bin vi thai ph l - Ngn nga chng to bn: Cht cellulose trong rong bin kch thch s co

bp ca rut, y nhanh qu trnh bi tit, gip i tiu u n. ng thi,

cellulose cn gim thiu nhng cht gy ung th ng rut, phng nga ung th

kt trng v ung th trc trng.



- Phng chng d tt thai: Mt s nghin cu chng minh, cc cht dinh

dng c trong rong bin c tc dng gip ngn nga khuyt tt bo thai. Axit

align v alignic c tm thy trong nhiu loi rong bin, c chc nng ngn chn

c t t mu m c vn chuyn vo bo thai. Li ch ca rong bin vi thai

ph, Y t - thit b. n rong bin khng ch gim nguy c b ung th v cn trnh

c nhng khim khuyt v gene. Cc nh khoa hc Nht Bn coi rong bin nh

v thuc chng phng x v c t cho c th.

- p da, p tc: Cht dinh dng c trong rong bin c tc dng gip da

khe, p v tng n hi. Nhiu ngi m chia s, khi n rong bin, tnh trng

mn trng c v rn da khi mang thai c gim thiu r rt.

n rong bin cng gip cho mng v tc c khe p. L do vui l khi

y, bn khng cn phi lo lng chuyn dng tc trong thai k hoc nguy c nh

hng t thuc dng tc n b.

Ngn nga chy mu chn rngVitamin C c trong rong bin l cht cn

thit cho s trao i cht ca t bo, thc y s hnh thnh collagen trong c th,

gip ngn chn tnh trng chy mu chn rng - du hiu d gp khi mang bu.

T rong bin ngi Nht to mn n nori, ngi Hn Quc to mn kim

hay gim, ngi Hoa vi mn pinyin... VN c nhiu mn n c sn c ch

bin t rong bin: gi rong bin, nm rau cu, canh rong bin, rong bin xo tm

tht, rong bin hm sn non, rong bin chin

V thc ung c tr rong bin v c bit cc dng nc gii kht t rong

bin dn gian nh nc sm rong bin,

1.2. Gii thiu v carrageenan t rong bin

1.2.1. Lch s pht hin ra Carrageenan

Carrageenan bt u c s dng hn 600 nm trc y, c chit xut

t ru Irish moss (Loi rong Chondrus crispus) ti mt ngi lng trn b bin

pha Nam Ireland trong mt ngi lng mang tn Carraghen.



Vo nhng nm 30 ca th k XX, carrageenan c s dng trong cng

nghip bia v h si. Cng trong thi k ny nhng khm ph v cu trc ha hc

ca carrageenan c tin hnh mnh m.

Sau ny, carrageenan c chit xut t mt s loi rong khc nh

Gigartina stelata thuc chi rong Gigartina. Nhiu loi rong khc cng c

nghin cu trong vic chit tch carrageenan ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc

khc nhau.

Ngy nay, sn xut cng nghip carrageenan khng cn gii hn vo chit

tch t Irish moss, m rt nhiu loi rong thuc ngnh Rhodophyta c s

dng. Nhng loi ny gi chung l Carrageenophyte. Qua nhiu nghin cu, c

hng chc loi rong bin c khai thc t nhin hay nui trng sn xut

carrageenan.

1.2.2. Cu to ca carrageenan

Carrageenan l mt polysaccharide ca galactosegalactan. Ngoi mch

polysaccharide chnh cn c th c cc nhm sulfat c gn vo carrageenan

nhng v tr v s lng khc nhau. V vy, carrageenan khng phi ch l mt

polysaccharid n l, c cu trc nht nh m l cc galactan sulfat. Mi galactan

sulfat l mt dng ring ca carrageenan v c k hiu ring. V d: , ,

, carrageenan.

Trong qu trnh chit tch, do tc ng ca mi trng kim cc -,-,-

carrageenan d chuyn ha thnh -,-, - carrageenan tng ng. Cc carrageenan

c mc sulfat ha khc nhau, th d carrageenan (25 % sulfat), carrageenan

(32 % sulfat), carrageenan (35 % sulfat). Cc sn phm ny c thng mi

ha, chim v tr quan trng trong th trng polysaccharide.



1.2.3. Tnh cht

* tan

Carrageenan tan trong nc nhng tan ca n ph thuc vo dng, nhit

, pH, nng ca ion v cc cht tan khc.

Nhm carrageenan c cu ni 3,6-anhydro khng a nc, do cc

carrageenan ny khng tan trong nc. Nhm carrageenan khng c cu ni th d

tan hn. Th d nh -carrageenan khng c cu ni 3,6-anhydro v c thm 3

nhm sulfat a nc nn n tan trong nc iu kin bt k. i vi

carrageenan th c tan trung bnh, mui natri ca carrageenan tan trong

nc lnh nhng mui kali ca carrageenan ch tan trong nc nng.

* nht

nht ca cc dung dch carrageenan ph thuc vo nhit , dng, trng

lng phn t v s hin din ca cc ion khc trong dung dch. Khi nhit v

lc ion ca dung dch tng th nht ca dung dch gim. Cc carrageenan to

thnh dung dch c nht t 25 500 Mpa, ring carrageenan c th to dung

dch c nht ti 2000 Mpa.



S lin quan t l thun gia nht v trng lng phn t ca

carrageenan c th m t bng cng thc cn bng ca Mark-Houwink nh sau:

[] = K(Mw)

Trong : : nht

Mw: trng lng phn t trung bnh

K v : hng s ph thuc vo dng ca carrageenan v dung mi ha tan

* Tng tc gia carrageenan vi protein

y l mt trong nhng tnh cht quan trng ca carrageenan v cng l

c trng cho tt c cc cht to gel cng nh cc cht khng to gel l xut hin

phn ng vi protein. Phn ng ny xy ra nh cc cation c mt trong cc nhm

protein tch in tc dng vi nhm sulfat mang in m ca carrageenan v c

tnh quyt nh n bn c hc ca gel. Trong cng nghip sa, nh vo tnh

cht lin kt vi cc protein trong sa m carrageenan c s dng (vi nng

0,015 0,025 %) lm tc nhn ngn chn s tch lng v lm n nh cc ht

coca trong sa scla.



* To gel

Carrageenan c mt tnh cht v cng quan trng l to gel nng thp

(nh hn 0,5 %). dng gel cc mch polysaccharide xon vng nh l xo v

cng c th xon vi nhau to thnh khung xng khng gian ba chiu vng cht,

bn trong c th cha nhiu phn t nc (hay dung mi). T dng dung dch

chuyn sang dng gel l do tng tc gia cc phn t polyme ha tan vi cc

phn t dung mi bn trong, nh tng tc ny m gel to thnh c bn c

hc cao. Phn xon vng l xo chnh l nhng mm to gel, chng li ko cc

phn t dung mi vo vng lin kt.

S hnh thnh gel c th gy ra bi nhit thp hoc thm cc cation vi

mt nng nht nh. Qu trnh hnh thnh gel din ra phc tp, c thc hin

theo hai bc:

- Bc 1: khi h nhit n mt gii hn no trong phn t

carrageenan c s chuyn cu hnh t dng cun ngu nhin khng c trt t sang

dng xon c trt t. Nhit ca qu trnh chuyn i ny ph thuc vo dng

v cu trc cc carrageenan, cng nh ph thuc vo dng v nng ca mui

thm vo dung dch carrageenan. Do , mi mt dng carrageenan c mt im

nhit to gel ring.

- Bc 2: gel ca cc polyme xon c th thc hin cc cp xon.

Trong trng hp u, s phn nhnh v kt hp li s xut hin cp xon

thng qua s hnh thnh khng y ca xon kp, theo hng mi chui

tham gia vo xon kp vi hn mt chui khc. Trong trng hp th hai, cc

phn pht trin y ca a xon t hp li to thnh gel. Cn di cc iu

kin khng to gel, cc nng polyme thp s hnh thnh v hp li ca cc

xon s dn n tng nht.

Qua , c th m t c ch to gel nh sau: trc ht l xut hin s

chuyn i cu hnh t dng cun sang xon l xo, tip sau l s kt hp cc xon



v t hp li c trt t to thnh xon kp gel. Nh vy, gel l tp hp cc xon

c trt t hay cn gi l xon kp.

1.2.4. ng dng

Ngy nay th ngi ta bit thm nhiu loi rong c kh nng sn xut

carrageenan. Nhng nhin cu chi tit v cc loi rong ny cho php ngi ta

c th trng chng trn quy m ln v do p ng c nhu cu nguyn liu

cho ngnh cng nghip sn xut carrageenan.

Trong nhng nm cui th k 20 th trng tiu th carrageenan khng

ngng tng. Theo thng k nm 2000 hn 80% sn lng carrageenan c sn

xut t cc cng ti ca cc quc gia sau:

+ FMC ca M

+ CP kolco ca M

+ Danisco ca an Mch

+ Degussa ca c

+ Ceamsa ca Ty Ban Nha.

Hin nay cng nghip sn sut carrageenan khng ch pht trin mnh cc

nc M v Ty u m cn ang pht trin mnh cc quc gia Chu . Trong

phi k n Trung Quc, Nht Bn, Philipin... Vit Nam cng c nhiu

cng trnh nghin cu v sn xut carrageenan vi hiu xut thu hi cao, hn n

kh hu ca chng ta thch hp cho vic pht trin cy rong sn ngun nguyn liu



chnh sn xut carrageenan y l thun li ln chng ta tin hnh m nh

my sn xut carrageenan.

Carrageenan c ng dng rng ri trong nhiu lnh vc thc phm v phi

thc phm. Trong cng ngh thc phm Carrageenan c s dng l mt cht

iu chnh chc, trng thi, tnh cht cm quanChc nng ca n l to nh

tng, keo t v tnh kt ni. Ngoi ra n cn ng dng trong cng ngh khc

nh:cng nghip dt, sn xut kem nh rng, k ngh sn

Ngy nay vi tc pht trin ca khoa hc, con ngi khm ph ra nhng

li ch ca Carrageenan trong nhiu lnh vc.

Trong thc phm Carrageenan ng vai tr l cht ph gia trong thc phm to ng t,

to tnh mm do, ng nht cho sn phm v cho im nng chy thp.

Carrgeenan c dng trong cc mn n trong thc phm: cc mn thch, hnh

nhn, nc ung

- Carrageenan c b sung vo bia, ru, dm lm tng trong.

- Trong sn xut bnh m, bnh bicquy, bnh bng lancarrageenan to

cho sn phm c cu trc mm xp.

- Trong cng ngh sn xut chocolate:b sung Carrageenan vo lm tng

ng nht, c nht nh.

- Trong sn xut ko:Lm tng chc, c cho sn phm

-Trong sn xut phomat, sn xut cc loi mt ng, mt do.

c bit ng dng nhiu trong lnh vc ch bin thy sn:Carrageenan

c ng dng to lp mng cho sn phm ng lnh, lm gim hao ht v trng

lng v bay hi nc, trnh s mt nc ca tht gia cm khi bo qun

ngTrong bo qun ng hp cc sn phm tht, b sung vo surimi v gi

ch..



Do Carrageenan tch in m ca gc SO42+ nn c kh nng lin kt vi

protein qua gc amin mang in tch dng khi pH nm di im ng

in.Chnh nh im ny m trn 50%tng lng Carrageenan c s dng

trong cng nghip sa. Vai tr ca Carrageenan l lm cho cc sn phm sa c

n nh kh cao, khng cn dng n tinh bt hoc lng trng trng..

Trong y dc v dc phm Dng sn xut cc loi dc phm quan trng. Carrageenan l cht nh

ha trong ngnh dc phm sn xut cc loi sn phm nh: Cc loi thuc

dng nhn, nh tng thoa ln cc vt thng lm vt thng mau lnh, lm

mng bao cho thuc.

Cng da vo tnh cht l Carrageenan mang in tch m nn c ng

dng trong vic iu ch thuc lot d dy v ng rut.Khi thnh d dy b lot,

men pepsin s tn cng protein ti ch lot lm cho acid tng ln nhng khi c

mt ca Cargeenan th n tng tc vi pepsin v lm c ch tc dng ca pepsin.

Trong cc ngnh khc Gi c nh enzyme v t bo: Carrageenan l mi trng c nh enzym,

l cht xc tc trong cng nghip tng hp v chuyn ha cc cht khc.

Hn hp I_Carrageenan v K_Carrageenan v cc cht to nh tng c b

sung vo dung dch sn nc to ng nht, kh nng nh ha tt hn cho

sn.

B sung vo kem nh rng chng li s tch lng, s bo mn trng

thi, to cc c tnh tt cho sn phm.

Carrageenan c ng dng trong cng nghip si nhn to, phim nh, sn

xut giy.

Carrageenan c s dng nhiu dng khc nhau trong nhiu sn phm

m chng ta s dng hng ngy, nht l trong lnh vc thc phm v bnh ko.



Cc sn phm c s dng carrageenan c s dng ph bin trong

nhiu th k. Nhiu nghin cu chng minh an ton ca carrgeenan, n

khng gy c, khng c du hiu gy vim lot trn c th v c th s dng

trong thc phm vi mt lng khng gii hn.

T chc FDA ca M xp carrageenan vo danh mc cc cht an ton

i vi cc sn phm thc phm. Tnh ph bin ca carrageenan c th hin 4

c im sau:

- Tham gia nh mt cht to ng i vi mt s sn phm nh: kem, sa,

b, pho mt.

- Lm bn nh tng, gip cho dung dch trng thi nh tng cn bng

vi nhau m khng b tch lp.

- C th thay i kt cu ca sn phm vi tnh cht ha l, c hc mong

mun, to ra cc sn phm ng c c bn dai.

- Gip n nh cc tinh th trong cc sn phm bnh, ko ngn chn ng

v nc b kt tinh.

Chnh v vy, carrageenan c ng dng rng ri trong cc ngnh kinh t

quc dn. Gp phn a dng ha cc sn phm thc phm.

T l s dng carrageenan trong cc sn phm khc nhau

Tht v gia cm, 30.39%

B sa, 43.14%

Nc dng gel, 14.71%

Kem nh rng, 7.84%

Cc sn phm khc, 3.29%



* ng dng trong cng nghip sa

Carrageenan c kh nng lin kt vi protein ca sa, lm cho ht nh

tng sa nc bn vng. Chnh v tnh cht ny m carrageenan khng th

thiu c trong cng nghip ch bin sa. Sa nng c cha carrageenan c

lm lnh s to gel, gi cho nh tng ca sa vi nc c bn vng, khng b

phn lp. Tc nhn chnh trong qu trnh to gel l do lin kt gi cc ion sulfat

vi cc ui mang in ca cc phn t protein v cc cation Ca2+, K+ c mt

trong sa.

Mc to gel ca carrageenan vi sa cng khc nhau: carrageenan v

carrageenan khng tan trong sa lnh, carrageenan tan trong sa lnh.

Chnh v vy, carrageenan c ng dng nhiu hn trong cng ngh ch bin

sa.

* ng dng trong cc ngnh thc phm khc

Carrageenan c ng dng trong nhiu lnh vc ch bin thc phm khc

nhau nh: kem, phomat, bnh pudding, si r, ung lnh, mt t ng v sa

chua.

Cc cng ty ch bin tht cng s dng carrageenan trong ch bin tht v

carrageenan c kh nng tng hiu sut cc sn phm bng cch gi nc bn

trong sn phm. Ngoi ra, carrageenan cn c thm vo bia hoc ru to

phc protein v kt lng chng lm cho sn phm c trong hn.

Vi c tnh trn, phng php chit tch carrageenan t mi loi rong

cng khc nhau. Nhng v nguyn tc, chit tch carrageenan bao gi cng tun

theo cc bc chnh c bn sau:

- La chon v lm sch nguyn liu cho mi sn xut

- Kh mu

- Chit bng nc



- C c

- Kt ta vi ru hoc vi KCl

- Sy

- Xay nghin



CHUONG II: QUY TRNH SN XUT CARRAGEENAN T MT S

LOI RONG BIN I. Rong sn ( Kappaphycus alvarezii )

1. Gii thiu v rong sn

Rong sn c tn thng mi l Cottonii, k hiu l KA thuc:

- Ngnh: Rhodophyta - Lp: Rhodophyceae - Phn lp: Florideophycidae - B: Gigartinales - H: Areschougiaceae - Ging: Kappaphycus - Loi: alvarezii

1.1. Ngun gc rong sn Rong sn l loi rong bin nhit i c ngun gc t Philippin. Thng 2 nm

1993 trong chng trnh hp tc khoa hc Vit Nam v Nht Bn phn vin khoa hc vt

liu Nha Trang nhp v Vit Nam mt bi rong sn 240g. Thng 10 nm 1993 vi s

gip ca phn vin khoa hc vt liu Nha Trang, trung tm khuyn ng Ninh Thun

nhn 5kg rong sn v trng th nghim ti m Sn Hi. Hin nay rong sn c

trng rng ri ti mt s vng trong tnh v cc tnh khc nh Khnh Ho, Ph Yn, Ph

Quc, Bnh Thun. V vy c th khng nh rng rong sn l i tng trng ph hp

vi nhiu loi hnh mt nc c nh gi l c nhiu u im so vi mt s loi rong

bin hin c a phng. Rong sn to ra ngun nguyn liu cho ch bin v xut

khu

1.2. Vng nguyn liu

Rong sn c trng Vit Nam t nm 1993 tnh Ninh Thun l tnh th

nghim u tin. Ban u ch c khong 15 h trng rong sn n nay con s

ln n 500 h vi tng din tch l 6000 ha din tch mt nc. Khi tnh Ninh

Hnh nh cy rong sn



Thun thnh cng trong vic trng rong sn mt s tnh khc cng hc hi lm

theo nh M Ho, C N, m Khnh Hi . Hng nm cung cp 300 - 400 tn

rong sn kh cho th trng trong nc v xut khu.

Hin nay khi m nhu cu v rong sn th trng trong nc v trn th

gii cao. Nhu cu thu mua rong sn ca cng ty rong bin Vit nam l 1500 tn

/thng nhng thc t 3 tnh Ninh Thun, Khnh Ho v Tuy Ho ch mi p ng

1500

tn /nm v vy trung tm khuyn ng cc tnh trn ang khuyn khch u t

m rng din tch trng rong sn to cng n vic lm v hng pht trin mi

cho nghnh sn xut v ch bin rong sn

Hng pht trin: Nhng nm trc ngh trng rong sn vn cn hn ch do ngi dn cha

c nm bt k thut trng rong sn nn nng sut thp v vy trong thi gian ti

phi hng dn ph bin v tp hun k thut, kho st, quy hoch v xut cc

gii php k thut pht trin ngh trng rong sn.

Ngh trng rong sn v ang tng bc pht trin mang li hiu qu kinh t

ng k cho ngi trng. Rong sn c xc nh l i tng to cng n vic

lm, tng thu nhp l mt trong nhng bin php hu hiu xo i gim ngho cho

cc dn c vng ven bin. n nay ngh trng rong sn thu ht v to cng

n vic lm cho trn 4000 h dn vi din tch trng la 400 ha din tch mt nc

trong cc vng m bi, vng bi ngang ven bin, ao, a nui tm v vy tn

dng c cc din tch mt nc lu nay b trng, hot ng km hiu qu. Hng

nm ngi trng thu trn 300 tn rong sn kh cung cp cho th trng trong nc

xut khu.

1.3. c im sinh hc ca rong sn

Rong sn l loi rong nhp ni, c c tnh dn d gy khi ti.V vy cc nh khoa hc ti phn vin khoa hc vt liu Nha Trang thng nht t tn Vit



Nam cho loi rong ny l rong sn. c im ny cng c s dng phn bit vi cc loi rong hin c Vit Nam, trong sn xut giao dch thng mi trao i t liu. Rong sn c thn dng tr trn. ng knh thn chnh c th t ti 20 mm. T trng lng 100g ban u sau mt nm Rong sn c th tng trng thnh bi rong, nng 14 - 16 kg. Rong sn chia nhnh rm rp, kiu t do khng theo quy lut, th cht trn nht keo sn, c mu nu xanh, thn dn d gy, khi kh thnh si cng nh sng. Rong sn c tc tng trng ti 10%/ngy.

Rong pht trin tt nhit 25 - 280C. Trong t nhin rong c th sng v

pht trin nhit t 20 - 34,50C. mn thch hp cho rong sinh trng pht

trin cho nng sut cao cht lng tt l t 29 - 34%. Tuy nhin trong iu kin

mn t 20 - 28% rong sn vn cho t l tng trng ln hn 5%/ngy. Rong sn

sinh sn ch yu l hnh thc dinh dng. C th mi hnh thnh t nhng

nhnh, nhng bi nt ra t c th ban u.

Yu cu v dinh dng i vi rong sn khng cao. Trong iu kin nhit

bnh thng 300C c nc trao i thng xuyn rong sn hu nh khng i

hi nhiu v cc cht dinh dng. Cc cht dinh dng c trong nc bin

cung cp cho rong sn pht trin.

Trong iu kin nc tnh nh ao, a t c trao i nc nhit nc

cao vo ma h rong sn i hi dinh dng. Do , cn lu n vic bn phn

N, P, K vi liu lng 1 - 3kg /1000m3 /ngy gip rong sn c kh nng chng

chu c iu kin nng nng cng chiu sng.

1.4. Thnh phn ho hc v gi tr dinh dng

1.4.1. Thnh phn ho hc

Thnh phn ho hc ca rong sn lun thay i ph thuc trng thi sinh

l, thi gian sinh trng iu kin sng ( cng bc x, thnh phn ho hc

ca mi trng ).



Trong rong sn hm lng nc chim 77 - 91% cn li v phn trm cht

kh. Trong cht kh cha ch yu l gluxit, prtin, cht khong, lipip, sc t,

enzim

Bng thnh phn ho hc ca rong sn

Tn thnh phn ho hc % khI lng

Glucid

40-45 %

cht khong

20%

Prtin

5-22%

Thnh phn ho hc khc

13 - 35%

1.4.2. Nc

Hm lng nc chim 77 - 91% hm lng nc gim theo thi gian sinh

trng giai on tch lu cht dinh dng nc t 79 % .

1.4.3. Glucid

Monosaccarit v disacarit - Galactoza trng thi kt hp vi acid gluxric to hp cht khng bn

c th b chit sut bi ancol cao ( >90o )



- Mannoza trng thi kt hp vi acid gluric v natri to hp cht

mannozido glyxeratnatri l disaccarid chim t l l 15%.

Polysaccarid Carrageenan l polysacarit c trong rong sn. N l mt hn hp phc tp

ca t nht 5 loi polyme: Carrageenan cu to t cc gc D-galactoza v

3,6 anhydro D-galactoza. Cc gc ny lin kt vi nhau bng lin kt 1,4 v 1,3

lun phin nhau .Cc gc D-galactoza c sunfate ho vi t l cao. Cc loi

carrageenan khc nhau v mc sulfate ho .

- Mch polysaccharide ca cc carrageenan c cu trc xon kp. Mi

vng xon do 3 n gc disaccharide to nn. Cc polysaccharide ph bin

ca carrageenan l kappa-, iota-, lambra. Kappa - carrageenan l mt loa

polymer ca D - galactoza 4 sunfate v 3,6 anhydro D galactoza .

- Iota carrageenan cng c cu to tng t kappa carrageenan, ngoi

tr 3,6 anhydro D - galactoza b sulfate ho C s 2.

- Lambra - carrageenan c monomer hu ht l cc D- galactoza - 2 -

sulfate ( lin kt 1,3 ) v D - galactoza 2,6- disulfate ( lin kt 1,4 )

- Mu v nu carrageenan khi c x l bng kim s chuyn thnh kappa

v iota carrageenan.

Cu to ca Carrageenan



1.4.4. Prtin

Hm lng prtin ca rong sn dao ng trong khong 5 - 22%

( theo vin nghin cu Nha Trang ). Hm lng prtin ca rong sn giao ng

vi bin kh ln ph thuc giai on sinh trng, v tr a l, mi trng

sng.

Theo nghin cu hm lng prtin tng dn theo thi gian sinh trng v

t gi tr cc i giai on sinh sn .

S thay i hm lng prtin theo thng trong nm :

Thng trong

nm

1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12

Hm lng

prtin

7,52 9,55 19,15 16,3 16,8 13,9

1.4.5. Lipid

Hm lng lipid trong rong sn khng ng k nhng mt s nh nghin

cu cho rng mi tanh ca rong l do lipid gy ra.

1.4.6. Sc t

Trong rong sn c cha mt s sc t nh sc t vng (xanfoful) sc t

xanh lam (phycoxfanyn), sc t dip lc t (chlorofil). Sc t ca rong sn km

bn hn sc t ca cc loi rong khc, v vy loi rong ny c th c ty mu

bng phng php t nhin l phi nng.

1.4.7. Cht khong

Hm lng cht khong trung bnh trong rong sn khong 20% trng lng

kh thnh phn ch yu ca cht khong trong rong sn l: Ca, K, S, v cc

nguyn t khc nh: Mg, Al, Ba, Sn, Fe, Si nng iod trong rong sn nh hn

nhiu so vi rong nu.



Hm lng khong ph thuc vo iu kin sng, giai on sinh trng

rong sng trong m thng c hm lng khong thp hn rong trng trn bin

v trong nc bin hm lng cc cht khong nhiu hn nc trong m.

1.4.8. Enzyme

Trong rong sn c th chit tch c enzyme proteaza phn gii protein.

Da vo s hot ng c proteaza trong cy rong sn trn nhiu c cht khc nhau

ngi ta xp n vo nhm enzim papain hay cathepxin (tazawa, Mw 1953).

Ngoi ra trong rong sn cn cha enzyme thu phn glucid gm hai loi

men oxydaza:

- Mt loi chuyn ho ng n thnh acid tng ng nh: Glucoza thnh gluconic. - Loi 2 chuyn ho ng thnh zn.

1.5. Gi tr dinh dng ca rong sn

Trong rong sn cha hm lng cht khong rt cht vi lng cng mt s

axit amin cn thit v nhiu vitamin quan trng nh vitamin A, C, B12..., thc t

hoa hc chng minh rng rong bin hp th t nc bin hn 90 loi cht

khong vi hm lng mi thp v canxi cao chnh v l m rong bin l thc

phm c u tin hng u i vi nhng ngi b cao huyt p.

Rong sn c thnh phn ch yu l carrageenan chim 40%. Carrageenan

c trong thnh phn ca cc loi rong khng cha agar nh chondris,

gigartnastell (cng b vi rong sn) v hypnea lng cht kh c trong rong sn

cht ny c c tnh lin kt rt tt cc phn t prtin ca ng thc vt c th

dng carrageenan vi mt hm lng thch hp lm ph gia gi ch tng mc

lin kt prtin ca tht.

Gi tr quan trng nht ca rong sn l c dng lm nguyn liu ch bin

ra loi bt carregeenan c tc dng to ng, n nh, kt dnh... rt cn thit trong

sn xut cc mt hng cng nghip nh: thc phm (sa, kem, bnh, mt, ko,



thch, tht c hp, xc xch, mt s nc gia v...), m phm (du gi u, kem

nh rng, m phm...), dc phm (cc loi thuc dng dch keo, v bc thuc,

dp vin...), dt (h vi, in hoa...), giy, sn, cng ngh sinh hc (mi trng nui

cy vi sinh vt v m thc vt...).



II. QUY TRNH SN XUT CARRAGEENAN T RONG SN

Xay nghin

Ngm trong nc

Ra sch

X l kim

Ra trung tnh

Nu chit

Phi, sy

Lnh ng, tan gi

Dch lc

Lc

Carrageenn

HCl

Bao gi

KCl Len men lactic

B

Phn bn

- Nhit 300C - Thi gian 40 pht - Nng NaOH 5%

- Nhit 95-1000C - Thi gian 60-65 pht - T l nc/rong:52/1

Rong sn kh

Quy trnh sn xut carrageenan t rong sn



THUYT MINH QUY TRNH

2.1. Ra sch, ngm trong nc

Mc ch: Rong sn thu mua v ( dng kh ) c ra sch loi b cc

tp cht, ct, bi cn bm, ln li rong trong qu trnh thu hoch v phi kh.

Sau khi ra sch, ta tin hnh em ngm rong sn qua m nhit

thng vi nhit thng vi t l nc/nguyn liu l 10:1. Mc ch ca vic

ngm rong qua m l lm cho rong sn trng n. Sau ra sch li 1 ln na

v tin hnh qu trnh x l kim.

2.2. X l kim

Sau khi rong sn ra sch ta tin hnh qu trnh x l bng NaOH 5%,

nhit : 300C, thi gian: 40 pht y l ch x l kim ti u ca rong sn.

Mc ch ca qu trnh x l kim: phng php ny dng dung dch

NaOH x l rong trc khi nu chit Carrageenan. Tc dng ca dung dch

NaOH nh sau:

- Thu phn bo mn mng xenluloza v ph v nhiu lp t bo sc t,

kh sc t trong rong

- Mi trng kim kh c lipit v mt s protein tan trong kim.

- Dng NaOH cn c tc dng kh ion SO42- c trong mixen carrageenan

lm tng sc ng ca carrageenan.

ROSO2 + NaOH ROH + NaSO2 + OH. Phn ng ca NaOH vi cc gc Sunfat to thnh Na2SO4 ho tan trong

nc v c loi ra.

Vic s dng kim NaOH x l cho rong mang li nhiu u im. Tuy

nhin mt s khong Ca, Mg,li khng tch c trong mi trng kim.

NaOH cng nh hng ln n lin kt mch Carrageenan cho nn cn nghin



cu ch x l v hm lng, nng nhit , thi gian nh hng n sc

ng ca Carrageenan sau ny.

Khi nng kim tng c tc dng bo mn v ph v cu trc t bo tng

hiu xut thu hi carrageenan. c bit NaOH c tc dng kh bt cc nhm

SO3- do lm cho sc ng ca carrageenan tng ln

ROSO3H + NaOH ROH + Na2SO4 + H2O. Tuy nhin, nu tng nng kim qu cao s lm t mch ca phn t

carrageenan do s li lm gim sc ng ng k.

Sau khi x l kim xong ta tin hnh ru trung tnh bng acid HCl trung

ha ht lng NaOH cn d li trong qu trnh x l kim.

2.3. Nu chit carrageenan

C s k thut nu chit Carrageenan Nu chit Carrageenan l khu quan trng v ch yu ca ton b quy trnh

sn xut Carrageenan. Mc tiu ca cng on ny l phi t hiu sut thu hi

carrageenan cao v m bo cht lng ca carrageenan. Trong qu trnh nu chit

c nhiu yu t nh hng ti hai mc tiu trn nh mi trng nu, nhit , thi

gian, lng nc, thit b.

Mi trng nu chit Theo nhiu nghin cu cho thy mi trng nu chit kim long pH=8.5

l mi trng cho sc ng ca Carrageenan cao nht. Khi nu trong mi trng

kim long: Kim long ph v mng t bo ca cy rong gii phng

carrageenan ra dung dch ng thi s gp phn trung ho lng acid to thnh, do

sc ng ca carrageenan tng.

Nhit nu chit Carrageenan khng tan trong nc lnh v nc thng, mun nng cao

hiu sut chit rt Carrageenan cn phi nu chit nhit cao hn nhit ho



tan ca n trong mi trng kim long nhit nu chit carrageenan ca rong

sn thng t 95 - 100oC p sut thng .

Nu nhit ln hn 100oC, thi gian nu chit gim nhng Carrageenan

b thu phn cch mch sc ng gim. Nhiu tp cht do xenluloza b nhit phn

to glucoza ho tan gim cht lng Carrageenan.

Nu nhit nh hn 95oC, thi gian nu ko di Carrageenan cng b thu

phn ct mch sc ng gim mt khc mc ho tan ca Carrageenan gim,

hiu sut chit ly gim.

Vic nu chit carrageenan nhit gn 100oC cn c nhng u im c

bn l: tc chit rt nhanh, nht dung dch thp, cho php dng cht to i

trng vi nng thp hn gim chi ph ph.

Thi gian nu chit Thi gian nu chit ph thuc vo phng php x l rong trc khi n

chit, mi trng nu chit v nhit nu chit.

Vic x l rong trc khi nu chit bng dung dch kim NaOH 5% nhit

95 - 100oC th thi gian nu chit 1 - 1.5 gi.

Nu thi gian nu chit qu di lm cho mt s phn t Carrageenan b

thu phn ct mch lm cho chc ca thch gim xung.

T l nc nu Lng nc nu nh hng ln n t l thu hi v chc ca

Carrageenan.

Nu lng nc nu qu ln: To dung dch keo c nng thp, chc

km khng thao tc c cc cng on sau nht l khu p. th tch cha thch

ln,cng knh, gy tn km cho thao tc tch nc. nhg c u im l d lc

hiu sut chit cao.



Nu lng nc nu qu t: Thch chc khc phc c cc nhc im

trn nhng li xut hin nhc im sau: Do nng dch keo cao, nht ln rt

kh lc tc ho tan ca Carrageenan t nguyn liu km do nht cao h s

khuych tn gim, chnh lch nng gia nguyn liu v dung dch gim. Do

vy trong thc t cn phi xc nh lng nc nu hp l sau khi nu dch keo

tho mn yu cu sau:

+ Dch keo d lc

+ Thch ng chc vi cng va phi c th thao tc cc cng on sau

d dng

Theo kinh nghim lng nc nu thng gp 40 - 50 ln lng rong

Thit b chit - Ni hai v

-Thng inox c np t h thng dn hi nc hay cc ni inox, ni gang

un la trc tip .

khuy o hn hp cn nu thng lp t h thng, cnh khuy hay

bm i lu dung dch t pha y ni ln pha trn .

2.4. Lc

Thnh phn hn hp dch keo rong sau khi nu chit bao gm :

- Carrageenan ho tan v l thnh phn chnh, l sn phm sau ny.

- B rong (tp cht c hc ):c kch thc t nh n ln, nht c th l

4 mm. Nh nht th dng huyn ph l lng trong dung dch.

Tp cht ho tan gm c khong, sc t, cc cht hu c ho tan nh:

glucoza, axit amin ,

loi cc tp cht ra khi dung dch keo ta s dng bin php lc tch

tp cht c hc , tch tp cht ho tan dng phng php lc hp th.



Tch tp cht c hc C th s dng lng hoc lc tch tp cht c hc, vi bin php lng do

nht ca keo ln lm km hm qu trnh lng xung ca cc ht. Do qu

trnh lng ng phi tin hnh nhit khng di 900C. Thi gian lng ng

di nh hng n cht lng ca carrageenan.

tch tp cht c hc thng s dng phng php lc. y l phng

php n gin cho hiu qu cao. Nu chn vt liu lc thch hp th tp cht c

hc s c loi b hon ton, v vy dch lc s kh trong.

Tch tp cht ho tan Sau khi tch b tp cht c hc, dch carrageenan cn cha cc tp cht

cng ho tan nh sc t, cht v c, cht hu c ho tan. tinh ch lm sch

dch keo rong, nng cao cht lng carrageenan c th dng phng php lc

hp ph.

Cht hp ph thng dng l than hot tnh. dch keo sau khi loc thc

trn vi than hot tnh xp cao. ty mu trong iu kin lin tc khuy o

nhit 95 - 980C. Tt nht un si hn hp 15 - 20 pht, ri lc tch tp cht

bng my lc p c lp mng ngn lc bng xenlul. Lng than ph thuc vo

tnh hp ph ca loi than v mu sc ca dch.

Sau khi qu trnh lc xong ta c dch lc v ta b sung KCl vo cho php

ta thu c sn phm vi hiu sut cao hn.

2.5. Lnh ng tan gi

Tch nc t dch keo Dung dch carrageenan l dch keo nht cha 95 - 99% l nc. Do

trc khi lm kh phi c cng on tch nc cho carrageenan. tch nc cho

carrageenan c th thc hin phng php lnh ng tan gi.



Nguyn l ca phng php Khi h nhit xung di 150Cnc lin kt trong carrageenan b ng

bng cn carrageenan dng keo t. Khi tan gi nc ng bng chy ra cn

carrageenan khng tan, kt qu nc tch ra khi carrageenan.

Phng php lm lnh ng. C th s dng phng php lnh ng nhanh hoc lnh ng chm lnh

ng dch keo.

- Khi ng nhanh: tinh th nc nh v cc trung tm kt tinh trong lng

khi keo.

- Khi lng ng chm: kch thc tinh th ln phn b dy lp ngoi

cc men carrageenan kt hp vi nhau thnh kch thc ln, khi tan gi gim kh

nng ht nc tr li.

Tan gi tch nc Trong qu trnh chy ng, mt phn hi nc tch khi khi thch nh s

thng hoa hi nc iu kin nhit thp. lng noc cn li tch khi khi

keo theo ng tan gi v bay hi.

Tan gi tch nc c th tin hnh theo 2 cch :

- Tan gi t nhin ( bng khng kh )

- Tan gi trong nc.

Khi tan gi bng khng kh: nc tan ra t lch qua cc khe h ca

coagen chy nh git xung. Bn thn carrgeenan c phin lc cao phn t, nn n

thc y qu trnh tan nc , cng nh s bay hi nc tan. Nh vy nc s

tch khi coagen theo ng hng: mt phn nc thng hoa, mt phn bay hi

v phn ln s tan nh git.

Thng thng ngi ta s dng tan gi trong nc ri sau ly tm tch

ly carrgeenan.



Sau khi tan gi trng lng ca carrageenan gim i khong 75%. iu

kin chy ng v tan gi, tan gi thch ng nh hng rt ln n hiu qu tch

nc.

Sau khi sn phm ng ri ta a ra ngoi x tch ly sn phm ( nu si

sn phm xp c cha nhiu nc th dng cn tch phn nc cn li v cng

loi b mt phn mu lm chom sn phm sng hn ).

2.6. Phng php sy kh carrageenan

Sy kh n m 20 - 22% l cng on cui cng ca cng ngh sn

xut to ng. Qu trnh lm kh carrageenan c th tin hnh trong iu kin

nhit thp hay nhit cao, di p sut hay trong chn khng hoc bng cc

tia bc x

Ch sy, phng php chun b gel trc khi sy kh sn phm quyt

nh nhiu n mu sc hnh dng v cht lng ca cht to ng kh V vy

vic chon phng php sy, ch sy thit b sy ng vai tr quan trng trong

cng ngh sn xut cc loi keo rong.

Trong qu trnh sy cc yu t: Thi gian, nhit sy, pH ca carrageenan

t l nhng yu t chnh quyt nh n tnh cht l, ho hc v cht lng ca

sn phm kh.

Thng s dng phng php sy kh nhit thp sy carrageenan.

Lm kh t nhin Tri carrageenan trn cc gin phi vi dy 3mm em phi nng sau 2-3 ngy

nng tt carrageenan kh hon ton. Kiu lm kh ny n gin nhng

carrageenan d nhim tp do tip xc vi mi trng xung quanh.

Lm kh bng qut thi khng kh Tc gi15-20m/s sy bng 5-6 gi cht lng kiu l kh ny cao nhng

thi gian kh di. Sau cng phi sy li hay phi nng li mi t m 20-22%.



gim thi gian sy c th s dng thit b sy phun. Sau khi c c

carrageenan trong ni chn khong vi nng 7% khng nn c c hn v lc y

dch keo c nht cao, tnh lu ng km d ng vn lm gim nng sut my.

Dch keo lin tc theo ng p vo b mt ca a trong bung sy, to thnh

nhng tia mng. Di tc dng ca lc ly tm keo phun to thnh dng bi lung

khng kh sch c t nng n nhit 120 - 1300C chuyn ng thng v

hng ri ca ht bi keo. Thi gian sy kh nhanh chng trong vng vi giy.

Khng kh thot khi bung sy i qua my lc kh v tch khi ht carrageenan.

Sau khi sy kh carrageenan c ng gi bng thit b ng gi.

3. Mt s sn phm khc t rong sn

3.1. Sn phm rong kh

a. i vi rong kh cha ra mui

Rong sau khi thu hoch c loi b tp cht, b rc ri ra sch bn t

bng nc ngay ti m, ao trng. Sau phi hoc sy rong kh n m

18-20%. C th s dng cc thit b sy nh sy hm hoc sy phun.

Bao gi

Rong ti

Loi b tp cht

Sy kh

Ra bn

Bo qun



Nu s dng phng php phi nng phi tr nhiu ln cho rong mau kh

v kh u.

b. i vi rong ra mui

Rong sau khi thu hoch cng c loi b tp cht bn t sau ra li

bng nc ngt(nc ging, nc my) v trong nc bin c mt lng ln vi

sinh vt gy nh hng n cht lng sau sy kh bao gi v bo qun.

c. Sn xut rong sun ng lnh

Bao gi

Rong sn sau khi thu hoch

Loi b tp cht

Sy kh

Ra li bng nc ngt

Bo qun

Cp ng

Rong nguyn liu

Ngm ra sch

Ct nh

Ra li bng nc mui

Bo qun

Xp khun



Sn phm rong sn ng lnh thng lm mt, ch bin gi salat, nu canh

nu sp.

III. RONG HNG VN ( Eucheuma gelatinae )

Nguyn liu sn xut carrageenan c s dng l rong hng vn

Eucheuma gelatinae.

Rong hng vn ( Eucheuma gelatinae ) thuc : - H solieriaceae.

- B Gigrtinales.

- Nghnh Rhodophyta.

Rong mc t nhin vng Ninh Hi ( Ninh Thun ) sau c di ging v

nui trng Khnh Ha ( Nha Trang ). Rong c dng bi dp, b bm rt chc

trn san h cht, ni sng c nc trong, mui l 28 31%, su 1 3m.

Rong di 10 20cm, cht sn, mu nht hoc nu hng. Chia nhnh khng c

quy lut, hai bn mp nhnh c gai ngn hnh chy, mt di c nhiu mn, mt

trn nhn. Rong pht trin tt nht khong thng 3 6, thu hoch vo thng 6 7.

Hnh nh cy rong hng vn



Kappa-carrageeman l mt polysacarit c tch chit t rong Hng Vn

(Eucheuma gelatinae) ca Vit Nam. N c kh nng to gel nhit thp hoc

khi c mt ca mt s ion kim loi kim v kim th. N c ng dng rng ri

trong cc ngnh kinh t quc dn nh cng nghip ch bin sa, thc phm, dc

phm... Chnh v vy bi i su nghin cu cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh to

gel,



IV. QUY TRNH SN XUT CARRAGEENANT RONG HNG VN

Lc

Dch chit nhit thng

ng gi

Xay nghin

Sy

Sn phm

X l lnh v ri lnh Dch chit 3

Dch chit 1

un c khy

Ra sch

Dch chit 2

Lc nng Ngm qua m

B khng tan

Rong kh

Carrageenan

Phn bn



THUYT MINH QUY TRNH

Rong thu mua v ( dng kh ) c ra sch loi b ct bi, sau ngm

qua m nhit thng vi t l nguyn liu:nc = 1:10 cho trng n. Sau

bp sch, phn dung dch c gi li cho s l tip sau, cn nguyn liu tch

ra c a vo ni nu vi t l nguyn liu : nc = 1:30 ( nguyn liu kh ban

u ). Sau va qua nhit va khy nh nhit 900C trong 2 gi, lc nng

thu ly dch chit, b cn li cho thm nc vo nu tip. Qu trnh nu chit lp

li ba ln, gom dch li c c n nng nht nh. ra khay, ngui, cho

vo phng to gel cng v n nh. Sau kha thnh si, ng 4 5 gi,

ri a ra ngoi x tch ly sn phm ( nu si sn phm xp c nhiu nc, th

dng cn tch nc v ty bt 1 phn mu lm cho sn phm trong sng hn ).

Sy nhit 50 600C, thu c sn phm c hm m t 10 12%.

Dch chit ln th 3, do qu long c gi li lm nc chit 1 trong quy trnh

chit. B cn li ch yu l cellulose v protit c b sung thm dinh dng cho

len men lactic lm phn bn.

Phn dung dch chit nhit thng, c ly tm ( hoc gia nhit, sau

lc nng ) thu ly phn dch trong, c c v tch sn phm nh trn. S thu

c phn loi carrageenan c trng lng phn t thp hn v xn mu.

Dy chuyn cng ngh Cp 350 lit nc sch v 10kg nguyn liu vo ni nu. un v gi nhit

80 900C trong 2 gi.

Khy o u hn hp trong ni nu vi tc moto 15 20 pht. Khi ni

th nht n nh nhit 80 900C th bt u np liu cho ni th 2 v

ngc li.

Khi hn hp t trng thi bo ha, th tho dung dch qua my lc khung

bn, thu hi dch lc a vo thit b c c n nng nht nh, ri a vo



khay to gel kha cnh thnh si v trong my lam2 lnh nhit lnh n -

100C.

Sau 4 6 gi x trong thit b x bng nc lnh, tch ly sn phm

a sang my sy c qut thi gi nng hon ton nhit 50 600C.

Sn phm sau khi ly c a qua my xay, nghin ( dng nghin mn )

ri ng gi , dn nhn. l sn phm 1.

Trong thi hai ni nu lm vic, phn dch chit nhit thng c

a vo thit b c c, cho gia nhit lm nng dung dch, sau qua my lc

khung bn lc nng ly dch trong v x l tng t nh qu trnh tch sn phm

chnh. Sn phm thu c l sn phm ph c phn t lng thp, xn mu hn

sn phm chnh l sn phm 2.

Dch chit th 2 ca mi m sau lc khi b c thu gom vo thng cha

dung tch 400 lit, sau bm vo ni nu lm nc chit u cho m tip theo.



KT LUN

Rong bin l mt loi thc phm giu dinh dng v cht khong. Rong

bin c hm lng i-t cao hn so vi rt nhiu thc phm t bin khc

Rong bin (cn gi l to b) l thc n rt giu dng cht. Trong cc

phng php dng sinh ca nhiu dn tc trn th gii, rong bin c coi l

thc n to s do dai, khe mnh v th cht v tinh thn cho con ngi. Rong

bin kh rt giu cht bt ng, cht x, m, sinh t v cht khong.

Ngy nay th ngi ta bit thm nhiu loi rong

c kh nng sn xut caraageenan. Nhng nghin cu chi tit v loi rong

ny cho php ngi ta c th trng chng trn quy m ln v do p ng

c nhu cu nguyn liu cho ngnh cng nghip sn xut caraageenan.



TI LIU THAM KHO

1. www.langviet.net/forums/lofiversion/index.php/t54539.html - 15k

2.www.vietlinh.com.vn/dbase/VLTTShowContent.asp?ID=3493 - 18k

3.www.rauhoaquavietnam.vn/default.aspx?ID=19&LangID=1&tabID=5&Ne

wsID=1805 - 113k

4. www.nongthon.net/apm/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=449

- 59k

[5] Trn th luynwww.sinhhocvietnam.com/forum/showthread.php?t=1018 -

100k

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