Doing Business in California: Venture Capital Financing – …/media/files/insights/...Venture...

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39 Offices in 19 Countries ベンチャーキャピタル投資 その3-優先株式取引の基礎知識 下田 範幸 (日本およびカリフォルニア州弁護士) Squire Sanders (US) LLP (San Francisco Office) パートナー Phone: (415) 393-9894 Email: [email protected] February 19, 2014 at San Francisco Office March 19, 2014 at Palo Alto Office DOING BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIA Venture Capital Financing – Part 3 Basics of Preferred Stock Transactions

Transcript of Doing Business in California: Venture Capital Financing – …/media/files/insights/...Venture...

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39 Offices in 19 Countries

ベンチャーキャピタル投資その3-優先株式取引の基礎知識

下田 範幸 (日本およびカリフォルニア州弁護士)Squire Sanders (US) LLP (San Francisco Office) パートナー

Phone: (415) 393-9894Email: [email protected]

February 19, 2014 at San Francisco OfficeMarch 19, 2014 at Palo Alto Office

DOING BUSINESS IN CALIFORNIAVenture Capital Financing – Part 3 Basics of Preferred Stock Transactions

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Basic Steps for Preferred Stock Investment(優先株式投資の基本的ステップ)

1) Preliminary due diligence (予備的デューデリジェンス)

2) Negotiation and execution of term sheet タームシートの交渉と締結)

3) Due diligence (本格デューデリジェンス)

4) Negotiation and execution of definitive agreements (本契約の交渉と締結)

5) Closing (クロージング)

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Key Points

• Preferred stock facilitates venture capital (“VC”) investments. (優先株式がベンチャー投資を容易にする)

• Preferred stock financings typically utilize many of the same basic documents.(どの優先

株取引にもほぼ共通の基本的な書類が使われる。)

• “Preferences” are negotiated. (優先性の内容は交渉によって決定される。)

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Typical Documents For Preferred Stock Financing(優先株取引に使用される典型的な法律文書)

• (Investor Questionnaire(投資家適格性判断アンケート))

• Term Sheet (タームシート)• Amended and Restated Articles (Certificate) of

Incorporation (修正および再登録定款)

• Stock Purchase Agreement (株式購入契約書)

• Investor Rights Agreement (投資家権利契約書)

• RoFR and Co-Sale Agreement(先買権およびコーセール契約書)

• Voting Agreement(議決権行使契約書)

• (Side Letter(サイドレター))

• (Legal Opinion(弁護士意見書))

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Term Sheet(タームシート)

• Usually a 3-5 page outline summary of the key terms proposed.(通常3-5ページの投資条件の骨子の記載)

• Serves as the basis for negotiation and reaching agreement on essential terms. (骨子について交渉して合意に達するに使われる文書。)

• Effective method of negotiating an agreement and confirming the parties’ intent to proceed to definitive agreements.(合意内容を交渉し、本契約の交渉に進むことのお互いの意思を確認するために有用)

• Provides one source of terms for use in drafting definitive agreements.(本契約の作成における指針の提供)

• Generally intended to be a non-binding pre-contractual document between Company and investors.(拘束力がない場合が普通)

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Term Sheet (Cont’d)

• Typical Terms (典型的な条件)

Issuer (発行会社)

Amount of Financing (目標調達金額)

Target Closing date (目標クロージング日)

Type of Security (対象証券の種類)

Purchase Price (発行価格)

Pre-money valuation/Post-money valuation(株式発行前の会社価値総額および、発行後の会社価値総額)

Capitalization (株式構成)

Dividends Preference (配当における優先性)

Liquidation Preference (清算における優先性)

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Term Sheet (Cont’d)

• Typical Terms (continued)Conversion (転換)

Anti-Dilution (反希釈化)

Registration Rights (登録請求権)

Preemptive Rights/Right of First Offer (株式引受権)

Right of First Refusal (先買権)

Co-Sale Rights (株式売却参加権)

Drag Along Rights (ドラッグアロング権)

Board of Directors (取締役会構成)

Voting Rights (議決権)

Expenses (費用負担)

Attorney Fee (弁護士費用)2014 ©SquireSanders (US) LLP

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Amended and Restated Articles (Certificate) of Incorporation(修正および再登録定款)

• Fundamental “contract” between Company and all stockholders.(会社と株主の根本的”契約“)

• Only place to set forth many of the rights, preferences, privileges, and restrictions of the preferred stock.(優先株式の優先的権利を創設する書類)

• These rights attach to the shares themselves(これらの権利は株式自体に付随する。)

• Procedure (手続き)

Need to be amended, typically, each time a new series of preferred stock is issued. Require stockholders approval and are filed with the Secretary of State Office.(それぞれの新シリーズの株

式が発行されるたびに、株主の承認を得て、州務長官

室に登録されなければならない。)2014 ©SquireSanders (US) LLP

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Dividend Preference (配当における優先性)

Dividend preference is a preferred stockholder’s right to receive dividend before common stockholders and junior preferred stockholders receive dividend. No dividends may be paid on the common stock or junior preferred stock until all accrued but unpaid dividends on senior preferred shares have been paid.(普通株式および下位優先株

式への配当前に上位優先株式に配当される)

Two Types of Dividends Preferences (2種類の優先

性)

– Cumulative(累積式)

– Noncumulative(非累積式 )

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Dividend Preference (Cont’d)An investor may want a dividend rate that reflects its cost of funds, priority for payment of dividends on preferred stock over common stock or even other preferred stock, and requirement that such dividends be cumulative. (投資家から見れば、投資のコストを反映した配当率、普通株や他の優先株式に対する優先性、そして、累積方式を要求したいと考える)

However, most VC investors do not expect most of their return on investment in the company to come from dividends, but rather from appreciation of the underlying equity.(実際には、スタートアップに投資するベンチャーキャピタルや、ビジネスパートナーのほとんどは、投資に対するリターンとして配当を期待することはまったくない )

Dividend rate is typically 8% of original purchase price.(通常買収価格の8%)

Start-up virtually never give dividends.(実際に支払われることはまれ)

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Liquidation preferences (清算における優先性)A right to receive distributions of the assets of the company before common stockholders (sometimes even before other series of preferred stockholders) in the event of a liquidation event (e.g., a merger, dissolution or sale of substantially all of the assets of the company), but after satisfaction of creditors’ claims.(スタートアップが解散する場合に、残された資産の分配において、優先株主が、普通株主よりも先に一定の金額の返還を受ける権利。清算には、M&Aなども含まれる。)The liquidation preference is usually a set dollar amount per share equal to the original issue price of the preferred stock sometimes with additional return.(優先株主が株式を買ったときの元の購入金額と同額にプラスアルファーした金額が優先的に支払われる権利。)Very important right which may result a big difference in actual return to investors and thus, are subject to most severe negotiation(実際に投資に対するリターンの金額に大きな違いを発生させる重要な権利であり、厳しい交渉の対象となる。)

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Liquidation Preference (Cont’d)This preference assures preferred stockholders that they will receive an amount equal to the liquidation preference before any distributions are permitted to stockholders of common stock or junior preferred stock. (普通株式および下位優先株よりも先に、合意さ

れた清算に基づく分配金をもらうことを確保)

Holders of preferred stock will usually seek to be given the right to “participate” with holders of common stock in distribution of assets after the liquidation preference has been paid. (通常、優先株

への投資家は、その上に、優先株主への分配が終わっ

た後に、残余資産について普通株主と一緒に分配を受

けられる参加権を求める。)2014 ©SquireSanders (US) LLP

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Conversion (転換)Preferred stockholders are customarily granted the right to convert their preferred stock to common stock.(優先株式をいつでも自由に普通株式に一定の割合で転換できる権利を取得するのが通常)

The preferred stock is convertible on a one-to-one basis (subject to adjustments), at the option of the holder.(1対1の割合で、保有者の選択によって転換される。)

Also, the preferred stock is automatically converted on the effective date of a registration statement covering the initial public offering of the company’s common stock, or when a majority of the preferred stockholders elect to convert their shares.(一定の要件を備えたIPOが行われると、すべての優先株式は普通株式に強制転換される。また、優先株主の中の多数決で決定された場合にも強制転換される。)2014 ©Squire

Sanders (US) LLP

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Conversion (Cont’d)An investor will seek to limit the events causing automatic conversion to those that provide it opportunity to liquidate its then common stock, such as a public offering creating a sufficient market for the sale of common stock.(強制転換は投資家にとっ

てはできるだけ避けたいものであるので、強制転換事由

は限定したい。)

The company will seek a conversion of preferred stock to common as quickly as possible to eliminate preferred stock preferences, which may have a negative impact on the value of common stock.(会社

にとっては、普通株の価値に悪影響を与えるものとして、

できるだけ早く優先株をなくしたいのが本音)2014 ©SquireSanders (US) LLP

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Anti-dilution (反希釈化権 )Generally, Anti-dilution are provisions to adjust the conversion ratio of preferred stock into common stock in order to protect the preferred stockholders’ ownership interest in the common stock from dilutive issuances of stock(購入した株式の価値が、将来の新株発行によって薄められる事に対して、優先株式を普通株式に転換する時の転換比率を調節する方法によって一定の保護を受ける権利 )

– The issuance of equity securities at a price below the investors’ purchase price for preferred stock, or other changes to common stock, such as stock splits and stock dividends. (投資家が購入したときよりも安い金額で新株を発行する場合とか、無償で株式分割、株式配当等をする場合)

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Anti-dilution (Cont’d)The adjustment to the conversion ratio is most commonly calculated on a (もっともスタンダードな調

節法は)

– “weighted average” basis, which adjusts the ratio in an amount that is proportional to the size of the dilutive issuance. There are two types of “weighted average basis” formulas(既

存の株式発行数と、希釈化をもたらす新株発行の規模の大きさと発行価格に応じて、一定の数式に基づいて転換価格を算出する加重平均方式)

» Broad based weighted average (ブロードベース方式)

» Narrow based weighted average(ナロウベース方式)2014 ©Squire

Sanders (US) LLP

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Anti-dilution (Cont’d)Weighted Average Calculation Formula (加重平均

方式の算式)

NCP = OCP x OB + XOA

– NCP = New Conversion Price.(新転換価格)

– OCP = Existing Conversion Price of Preferred immediately before new issue (“Old Conversion Price”).(新株発行直前の転換価格)

– OB =Total outstanding shares of common stock and prior preferred stock immediately before new issue – narrow base- (plus the total shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of outstanding options and warrants - broad based)(新株発行直前の発行済みで有効な株式総数、これが

ナロウベースで、この数字にストックオプションやワラントなどに基づいて将来発行される可能性のある株式数を加えるのがブロードベース)2014 ©Squire

Sanders (US) LLP

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Anti-dilution (Cont’d)Weighted Average Calculation Formula – X = Number of shares purchasable at the Old

Conversion Price of preferred stock for the total consideration to be received for the new issue.(新株の購入価格の総合計金額によって、旧転換価格であったら購入できる株式数)

– OA = Total number of outstanding shares of common Stock and preferred stock immediately after new issue – narrow based -(plus the total shares of common stock issuable on exercise of outstanding options and warrants – broad based)(新株発行の直後の発行済みで有効な株式総数、これがナロウベースで、この数字にストックオプションやワラントなどに基づいて将来発行される可能性のある株式数を加えるのがブロードベース)

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Anti-dilution (Cont’d)Weighted Average Calculation Formula Case Study– Outstanding common --- 800(発行済みの普通株式総数)– Series A preferred Stock --- 200 (purchase price = $2 per

share, in total $400 for 200 shares, the initial conversion ratio = $2)(優先株シリーズAの発行済み株式を200株とし、その発行価格を一株$2とする。200株を購入するために要した合計金額は$400である。旧転換価格OCPは$2である。 )

– Warrants issued and outstanding --- 100(発行済みで有効なワラントによって将来発行される可能性のある株式数)

– Stock options issued and outstanding--- 100 (発行済みで有効なストックオプションによって将来発行される可能性のある株式数)

– Number of shares of Series B preferred stock to be sold ---200 (新株としての優先株シリーズBの発行数-200株とする。)

– Purchase price of Series B = $1 per share, in total $200 for 200 shares(発行価格は優先株Aの発行価格の半分の一株$1とする。200株を購入する合計金額は$200となる。 )

2014 ©SquireSanders (US) LLP

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Anti-dilution (Cont’d)

OCP =$2OB =1,000 in narrow based and 1,200 in broad based(ナ

ロウベーストでは、発行済み普通株式と発行済み優先株式の合計で

あるから、800株の普通株式と200株の優先株Aの合計である1000となる。ブロードベーストの場合は、さらにワラントの100とストックオ

プションの100を含めるので合計1200になる。)

X = 100(優先株Bを購入する合計金額である$200で、旧転換価

格($2)に基づいて購入できる株式数であるから、一株$2に対して

$200を出せば100株しか買えないので、100となる)。

OA = 1200 in narrow based and 1400 in broad based(ナ

ロウベーストであれば、普通株の800に優先株式の200株を足した

1000株に、新株としての優先株Bの200株を足した合計1200になる。

ブロードベーストであれば、それにワラントとストックオプションのそれ

ぞれ100を加えた合計1400となる)

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Anti-dilution (Cont’d)

Weighted Average Calculation Formula Case StudyNCP = OCP x OB + X

OANarrow Based– NCP = 2 x 1000 + 100

1200=1.83333Broad based– NCP = 2 x 1200 + 100

1400=1.85714

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Anti-dilution (Cont’d)In Narrow BasedConversion rate is adjusted from 2 to 1.83333 (転換価格

は2から1.83333に調節される。)

It means that 200 shares of Series A Stock may be converted to 218 shares of common stock (200株のシリーズA株は、218株の普通株に転換されることになる。)

400÷1.83333 = 218 In Broad basedConversion rate is changed from 2 to 1.85714(転換価格は2から1.85714に調節される。)

It means 200 shares of Series A Stock may be converted to 215 shares of common stock (200株のシリーズA株は、215株の普通株に転換されることになる。)

400÷1.85714 = 215

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Anti-dilution (Cont’d)Other adjustment method– Full ratchet(フルラチェット方式 )

» The most severe provision for the company which adjusts the ratio such that the preferred stockholders’ price per share is equal to the price for the new issuance. (転換価格を、それより安い金額で新株が発行された場合に、その新株発行価格と同じにしてしまう、というもの)

– Pay-to-Play (ペイツープレイ方式 )» The most severe provision for investors which provides

that investors must participate pro rata in the dilutive financing in order to retain anti-dilution protection for their shares. If Investors fails to participate, the preferred stock often gets converted into common stock as penalty. generally resist this provision.(投資家が自己の

株式の権利を維持するため、常に新株発行の際には参加して新たな投資をして株式を購入しなければならない方式。実行できないと

普通株に強制転換されてしまうという場合が多い。)2014 ©SquireSanders (US) LLP

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Redemption(買い戻し請求権) Right to require repurchase of outstanding shares of stock by Company (株式をスタートアップに買い戻させることのでき

る権利) Redemption price– Usually the issue price or liquidation preference per

share, plus all accrued but unpaid dividends, plus a return, expressed as a rate of interest.(当初の発行価

格と同額、プラス金利相当額を会社が支払う義務を負うことなど合意される)

Usually redemption rights may not be exercised with a few years in the future(通常、数年後でないと行使で

きない。)

Needs to satisfy dividend requirements under applicable corporate law (適用される会社法の配当要

件を満たす必要)

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Typical Terms Set Forth in Restated Articles of Incorporation(定款に記載される典型的な条件)

• Protective Provisions(権利保護条項)Set forth matters on which preferred stock will vote independent class, separate from common stock.(一つのクラスとしての優先株全体に一定の拒否権を与える等の

方法で、優先株主の権利を保護する制度 )

Sometimes a series gets its own independent vote as a separate class from other preferred stock(一つのシリーズ

の優先株が、他の優先株とは別の拒否権を持つこともある)

Examples– Election of directors.(取締役選任権)

– Sale of Company assets.(会社資産の売却)

– Mergers and other “change of control”.(合併等)

– Changes in rights and preferences of preferred stock.(保有優先株の権利の変更)

– Issuance of stock senior to preferred stock.(保有優先株より有利な株の発行)

2014 ©SquireSanders (US) LLP

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Stock Purchase Agreement(株式購入契約書)

• Sets forth the basic terms of the investment transaction between Company and the new investors.(投資取引の基本事項の合意)

• Defines the rights and obligations of the parties regarding the sale and purchase of securities.(株式の売買についての当事者の権利と義務の規定)

2014 ©SquireSanders (US) LLP

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Stock Purchase Agreement (Cont’d)

• Representations (“Reps”) and Warranties.(表明と保証)

Statements of fact that form part of the basis for the deal.(株式売買契約の締結の前提となった一定の事実

を事実であると当事者が表明し、保証すること)

– The party relying on the reps or warranty may have certain recourse against the other party if the statement turns out not to be true.(事実でないことがわ

かったら、契約違反として相手方は契約の取り消し等一定の法的救済が受けられる。)

» The other party has a right to walk away from the deal before it closes if the statements are not true.(クロージング前であれば取引を中止できる)

– Process of making reps and warranties and exceptions provides more complete disclosure for the investors. (表明と保証をさせ、それらの例外を列挙させることによって、情報開示を徹底できる。)2014 ©Squire

Sanders (US) LLP

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Stock Purchase Agreement (Cont’d)

• Reps and Warranties (Cont’d)Company’s Reps and Warranties(会社側の保証と表明の例):– Thorough description of Company’s financial and

operating condition.» Corporate status(会社が法律上合法的に設立され、

正式に存続している会社であること )

» Material obligations(一定金額以上の債務が存在していないこと)

» Significant contractual arrangements(重要な契約)

» Pending or threatened lawsuits(裁判の被告になっていないこと、または裁判を起こされるような争いがないこと)

» Rights to intellectual property(会社のビジネスに必要な知的財産権を所有していること、または必要なライセンスをもっていること)

» Many others– Schedule of Exceptions (例外一覧表)

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Stock Purchase Agreement (Cont’d)

• Reps and Warranties (Cont’d)Investor’s Reps and Warranties(投資家側の保証と表明)

– Usually limited to his or her qualifications as an eligible investor under applicable securities law.(証券法上、証券を購入する適格があることに関するものに限定されるのが通常)

» financial ability to take investment risk (投資リスクを引き受ける経済力があること)

» intent to purchase the securities as an investment, not a distribution (投資目的での購入であることー転売目的ではないこと)

» accredited investor status(投資家が適格投資家であること)

» authority to enter into the agreement(投資家が投資する権限を持っていること)2014 ©Squire

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Stock Purchase Agreement (Cont’d)

• Conditions to Closing (クロージングの条件)Certain conditions must occur before the obligations of the other party(ies) become due.– Investors will require

» Company’s reps and warranties to be correct(会社の保証と表明がクロージング時点でも正確であること)

» Company’s Articles of Incorporation provide for the agreed rights, preferences and privileges is filed before the closing (合意された優先株式の優先権を確立するために必要な修正定款が適切にSecretary of State Officeに登録されたこと )

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Stock Purchase Agreement (Cont’d)

• Covenants(約束 )Affirmative Covenants (things to be done)(積極的な

約束)

– Use of the proceeds (資金の使用方法)

– (Business agreement (ビジネス契約の締結))» Strategic investors may require it(戦略的投資家が要求

することがある)

Negative covenants (things that may not be done)(消極的な約束)

– Not transferring certain IP rights (一定のIPを譲渡しないこと)

– Not incurring significant new debt (一定の金額以上の借り入れなど負債を負わないこと)

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Investor Rights Agreement(投資家権利契約)

• Agreement which provides for special rights for investors(投資家に特別に認められた権利について合意する契約)

Investors’ ability to liquidate their shares.(保有株の売

却可能性の確保)

Investors’ control over the management and operation of the business.(スタートアップの経営に対

するコントロール)

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Investor Rights Agreement(投資家権利契約)

• Investors’ ability to liquidate their shares.(保有株の売却可能性の確保)

Registration rights (登録請求権)

Drag-along Rights (参加強制権)

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Investor Rights Agreement (Cont’d)(投資家権利契約)

• Investors’ control over the management and operation of the business.(スタートアップの経営に対するコントロール)

Company’s affirmative covenants (会社の義務)

– Furnishing investors with certain financial reports (財務リポートの提出)

– Covenants regarding Company’s operations (会社の経営に関する約束)

Preemptive Rights (優先的新株引受権)

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Investor Rights Agreement (Cont’d)(投資家権利契約)

• Generally drafted separately from the stock purchase agreement (通常、株式購入契約とは別に作成される。)

When modifications are necessary, the investor rights agreement may be amended without revising the other transaction documents.(修正等必要な場合

に、他の契約に影響を及ぼさない。)

When new investors invest in company, the investor rights agreement can be simply amended by adding new investors. (新投資家が入ってくる場合にも、この

契約を修正して新投資家を追加するだけで対応でき

る。)

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Registration Rights(登録要求権)

• Demand Right(要求権 ): A right to require the company to register the holder’s stock on “Form S-1” with the SEC(S-1 Formに基づいて株式の登録を要求する権利)

Form S-1 registration, the most common registration used for IPO’s, must be accompanied by a prospectus with extensive disclosures which is time-consuming and expensive for the issuer.(IPOの際に

使用されるFormで詳細な目論見書等、大変時間と費用

のかかる手続き)

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Registration Rights (Cont’d)

• S-3 Right: A right to require the company to register the investor’s stock on “Form S-3” with the SEC. (会社にForm S-3で自己の株式を登録することを要求する権利)

S-3 allows “incorporation by reference” - Integrated Disclosure(S-3は、すでにSECに報告済みの情報を引

用できる)

– Reference to reports/registration statements filed with SEC» Preparation less onerous (準備は比較的容

易)

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Registration Rights (Cont’d)

• Piggyback Right(相乗り要求権): A right to require the company to register the investor’s shares if the company is registering other shares. (会社が他の株を登録をするときに、それに相

乗りして自分の株式も登録することを要求する権利)

Generally, a company will grant venture capitalists unlimited piggyback rights typically limited only in the timing of registration.(VC投資家に対して、通常回数

については、無制限の権利が与えられる。行使のタイミ

ングには一定の制限がある。)

This right ends when investor can sell shares without registration under rule 144. (この権利は、株

主がルール144によって登録なしに売却できるように

なったら消滅する。)2014 ©SquireSanders (US) LLP

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Right of First Offer/Preemptive Right(新株引受権)

• Right of First Offer/Preemptive Rights(優先的新株引受権):

A right to purchase a pro rata portion of subsequent equity offerings in order for the stockholder to maintain their percentage equity interest in the company. (会社が新株

を発行する際に、自己の株式保有率を維持す

る範囲で、保有株に応じた株数を購入する権

利)

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Drag Along Right (参加強制権)

• “Drag Along” Rights.(参加強制権)

A right to force management and other investors to sell their shares along with the investors in a sale of the company to a third party. (M&Aなどにおいて、自分の株を売却す

る際に、他の株主にも株式売却への参加を強

制する権利)

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Information Rights(情報請求権)

• Right to require company to keep investors informed of company’s financial and operating condition.(会社の財務、経営状態について投資家への情報提供をさせることを義務付ける権利)

• Company shall furnish investors with Monthly and quarterly reports (月次、または4半期レポート)

Annual reports (年次レポート)

Budgets and other business plans (予算案、およびビジネスプラン)

• Keep investors informed of material events.(その他会社にとって重要な事項が発生した場合に、投資家に知らせる義務)

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Inspection Rights (調査権)

• Right to inspect company’s books and records (会社の文書や記録を調査する権利)

May include the right to discuss company’s affairs with company’s officers.(会社の役員と会社経営に関

して会議を持つ権利も入る場合がある)

Company may limit the right– The number of shares to be held by investors to

have inspection rights.(この権利を持つには一定

数以上の株を保有する大きな株主であることが要求される)

– Reasonable time and frequency (調査を実施す

る回数と時間は合理的なものであることが要求される)

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RoFR and Co-Sale Agreement(先買権およびコーセール契約)

• Co-Sale Rights (販売参加権)

• Right of First Refusal (先買権)

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Right of First Refusal (先買権)

• Restriction on transfer of shares.(株式譲渡制限)

• A right to permit the company and then investors to purchase pro-rata shares of any securities that founders or other stockholders wish to transfer. (株主が株式を転売しようとする

際には、まずは会社に、会社が買わない場合には、他の株主に保有率に応じて優先的に購入を申し込まなければならない制度)

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Co-Sale Right/Tag-Along Right(売却参加権)

• Co-Sale Rights/Tag-Along Rights(売却参加権): A right to join founders, management, or other stockholders in their sale of shares.(創業者、経営陣、またはその他の株主が自己保有株を転売する際に、参加して自分の株式も売却できる権利)

Co-sale rights are activated when a founder or major holder intends to sell their stock privately before the company’s stock is publicly traded.(上場前の段階で、創業者等が転売する場合に適用される)

A co-sale right entitles an investor to participate in that private sale on a pro rata basis. (自分の保有率に応じて自分の保有株も販売の対象にできる)

Such a provision gives investors an equal right to liquidity, and it also serves to ensure that founders and other key stockholders, whose continued participation in the company’s business is desired, retain meaningful ownership interests in the company.(投資家のリクイディティの手段と言う面もあるが、会社の成功にとって不可欠な創業者などのキーパースンが売り逃げしないようにする制度として有効)

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Voting Agreement (議決権行使契約)

• Agreement which requires stockholders to vote their shares as agreed. (合意された内容を実現させるために株主に一定の議決権行使を義務付ける契約)

• Investors’ representation on the board of directors and composition of the board.(取締役会への参加)

• Typically, to ensure that certain directors are elected.(合意されたものが取締役になれるように)

• As a way of maintaining board representation, or control, even when the stockholders do not control a majority of the outstanding shares.(たとえ過半数の株式

を持たなくても取締役会における支配権を維持することを可能にする制度)

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Side Letter (サイドレター)

• Side letter may be used to provide for: Special arrangements for the specific investor such as(特定の株主と会社との以下のようなアレンジメントを

合意する):– Strategic business relationship (戦略的ビジネス

関係の構築)

– Covenant to enter into a license agreement or a distributorship agreement (将来のライセンス契約や販売店契約の締結)

– Right of first refusal or first negotiation for future technology (将来開発予定の技術についての先買権または優先交渉権)

– Board observer right (取締役会への傍聴参加権)

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Legal Opinion (法律意見書)

• Legal Opinion is issued by counsel of the company who handled the financing round (投資ラウンドの法的手続きを担当した会社側の弁護士が発行する法律意見書)

• The counsel assures investors in Legal Opinion that the company was in compliance with laws such assecurities laws, the issuance of stock in the round is valid and effective, and the startup took appropriate process in issuing the stock, and so forth.(会社の弁護士

が、その会社が証券法などの法律を遵守していること、当該ラウンドの株式発行が有効なものであること、株式発行の手続きが適切であったこと等を保証する。)

• It is not customary nowadays( 最近はあまり使われない。)

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