n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15LI M UTrong qu trnh cng nghip ha v hin i ha t nc, cng ngy cng c nhiu nhmy, khu cng nghip tp trung c xy dng v a vo hot ng to ra mt khi lng sn phm cng nghip chim mt t trng cao trong ton b sn phm ca nn kinh t quc dn.Bn cnh , qu trnh sn xut cng nghip gy nn nhiu nh hng xu n mi trng c bit l mi trng khng kh. Nu khng c bin php thch ng th mi trng ni chungv mi trng khng kh ni ring xung quanh cc nh my, cc khu cng nghip tp trung s ng trc nguy c b ph hytrm trng, nh hng trc tip n sc khe ca ngi dn. nhim khng kh do hot ng cng nghip vn ang v s l mt trong nhng ngun gy nhim mi trng nghim trng nht. c th p dng nhng kin thc hc trong thi gian qua, nhm nh hng cho mnh trong vic gp mt phn nh trong cng cuc kim sot nhim khng kh. Chng ti thchin n Tnh ton thit k h thng x l kh thi cha HCL bng dung mi l nccngvi s hng dn v gip ca cc thy c: thy Lm Vnh Sn; c Nguyn Ch Hiu.Vi nhng kin thc cn hn hp v kinh nghim thc t cn hn ch nn trong n ny cn nhiuthiust, chngtirtmong nhn c s gp ca cc thy c nhm rt ra kinh nghim cho cc n trong thi gian sp ti. Xin chn thnh cm n!Nhm 15- 1 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15MC LCLI M U ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Chng 1: TNG QUAN V QU TRNH HP TH..................................................................... 4 KHI NIM: .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Khi nim: .............................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 p dng ca hp thu: .............................................................................................................. 4 1.3 La chn dung mi: ................................................................................................................ 4 QU TRNH HP TH:................................................................................................................. 5 2.1 C ch qu trnh: .................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Qu trnh trao i cht:........................................................................................................... 5 2.3 C 2 phng php hp th: .................................................................................................... 6 CC LOI THP HP TH:......................................................................................................... 7 3.1 Thp phun: .............................................................................................................................. 7 3.2Thp si bt:......................................................................................................................... 7 3.3 Thp m:............................................................................................................................... 7 Thp a:....................................................................................................................................... 7 DUNG MI HP TH: .................................................................................................................. 7 CC YU T NH HNG N HIU QU HP TH:....................................................... 7 5.1 Nhit : ................................................................................................................................ 7 5.2 p sut:................................................................................................................................... 7 5.3 Cc yu t khc:..................................................................................................................... 8 Chng 2: GII THIU CHUNG V KH THI HCl................................................................... 8 Ngun gc:....................................................................................................................................... 8 Tnh cht: .......................................................................................................................................... 9 S lc v qu trnh in phn NaOH-Cl2:..................................................................................... 9 Cng ngh sn xut HCl:........................................................................................................... 10 Phn tch cc kh nhim t qa trnh in phn:................................................................... 10 CC PHNG PHP X L CHUNG:..................................................................................... 11 4.1 C s l thuyt ca qu trnh x l kh c hi:................................................................... 11 4.2 Hp th kh bng cht lng:................................................................................................. 11 LA CHN PHNG PHP X L: ........................................................................................ 12 CC PHNG N X L KH HCl:......................................................................................... 12 LA CHN THIT B:................................................................................................................. 12 Chng 3: S CNG NGH ...................................................................................................... 12 Chng 4: TNH TON THIT B................................................................................................... 14 Thng s ban u: .......................................................................................................................... 14 Cn bng vt cht........................................................................................................................... 14 u vo: ...................................................................................................................................... 14 u ra......................................................................................................................................... 14 Phng trnh cn bng ................................................................................................................ 15 Suy ra: noy = = 2.0716 .................................................................................................................. 16 Tnh thp hp th ............................................................................................................................ 16 3.1 ng knh thp................................................................................................................... 16 3.2 Chiu cao lp m ................................................................................................................ 17 3.3 Mt ti thc t............................................................................................................... 18 3.4 Mt ti thch hp........................................................................................................... 18 3.5 Chun s cho pha kh........................................................................................................... 18 3.6 Chun s cho pha lng......................................................................................................... 19 3.7 Tr lc ca thp .................................................................................................................... 20 - 2 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 153.8 Chn b dy thn .................................................................................................................. 22 3.9 Tnh c kh: .......................................................................................................................... 23 3.10 Tnh bch: ............................................................................................................................ 24 3.11 a phn phi..................................................................................................................... 24 3.12 Li m....................................................................................................................... 24 3.13 Khi lng ton thn thp .................................................................................................. 24 3.14 Tnh chn thn bng ng thp trn ................................................................................ 24 3.15 Tnh tai treo ........................................................................................................................ 25 Chng 5: KHAI TON GI THNH............................................................................................. 25 Chng 6: KT LUN ...................................................................................................................... 26 PH LC: BN V .......................................................................................................................... 27 - 3 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15Chng 1: TNG QUAN V QU TRNH HP THKHI NIM:1.1 Khi nim:Hp thu l qu trnh xy ra khi mt cu t ca pha kh khuch tn vo pha lng do s tip xc gia hai pha kh v lng. Nu qu trnh xy ra ngc li, ngha l cn s truyn vt cht t pha lng vo pha kh, ta c qu trnh nh kh. Nguyn l ca c hai qu trnh l ging nhau.Qu trnh hp thu tch b mt hay nhiu cht nhim ra khi dng kh thi (pha kh) bng cch x l vi cht lng (pha lng). Khi ny hn hp kh c cho tip xc vi cht lng nhm mc ch ha tan chn la mt hay nhiu cu t ca hn hp kh to nn mt dung dch cc cu t trong cht lng.Kh c hp th gi l cht b hp th Cht lng dng hp thu gi l dung mi (cht ht th )Kh khng b hp th gi l kh tr.1.2 p dng ca hp thu:Trong cng nghip ha cht ,thc phm, qu trnh hp thu c dng :Thu hi cc cu t qu trong pha kh .Lm sch pha kh .Tch hn hp to thnh cc cu t ring bit .To thnh mt dung dch sn phm.1.3 La chn dung mi:Nu mc ch ca qu trnh l tch cc cu t hn hp kh th khi vic la chn dung mi tt ph thuc vo cc yu t sau:1.3.1 ha tan tt: c tnh chn lc c ngha l ch ha tan cu t cn tch v ha tan khng ng k cc cu t cn li. y l iu kin quan trng nht.1.3.2 nht ca dung mi: cng b th tr lc qu trnh cng nh, tng tc hp thu v c li cho qu trnh truyn khi.1.3.3Nhit dung ring: b s tn t nhit khi hon nguyn dung mi.- 4 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 151.3.4Nhit si: khc xa vi nhit si ca cht ho tan s d tch cc cu t ra khi dung mi.1.3.5Nhit ng rn: thp trnh tc thit b, khng to kt ta, khng c v thu hi cc cu t ha tan d dng hn.1.3.6t bay hi, r tin, d kim v khng c hi vi ngi v khng n mn thit b.QU TRNH HP TH:2.1 C ch qu trnh:Hp th l qu trnh quan trng x l kh v c p dng trong rt nhiu qu trnh khc. Hp thu trn qu trnh hp th truyn khi , c m t v tnh tan da vo phn chia ca hai pha: pha lng v pha kh.Qu trnh chia lm 3 bc:Khuch tn cc phn te nhim th kh vo trong khi kh thi n b mt ca cht lng hp th. Nng phn t pha cht kh ph thuc vo c 2 hin tng khuch tn:Khuch tn ri: c tc dng lm nng phn t c u n trong khi kh.Khuch tn phn t: lm cho cc phn t kh chuyn ng v pha lp bin.Trong pha lng cng xy ra hin tng tng t.Khuch tn ri: c hnh thnh gi cho nng c u n trong tan b khi cht lng.Khuch tn phn t: lm dch chuyn cc phn t n lp bin hoc t lp bin i vo pha kh.Thm nhp v ha tan cht khvo b mt ca cht hp th.Khuch tn cht kh ha tan trn b mt ngn cch vo su bn trong lng cht lng hp th.Qu trnh hp th ph thuc vo s tng tc gia cht hp th v cht b hp th trong pha kh.2.2 Qu trnh trao i cht:Khi cht nhim vo trong cht lng hp th th cc cht phn t c trao i qua lp bin (mng). Cc phn t i qua lp bin c hai pha (mt s t pha cht lng, mt s t pha cht kh).Cng trao i ph thuc vo cc yu t tc ng ln h thng nh p sut, nhit , nng v ha tan ca cc phn t. Cng tng nu gia pha kh v pha lng din ra phn ng ha hc hay cc phn t khng th quay tr v khi kh khi c tc ng ca qu trnh vt l.Qu trnh hp th km theo s ta nhit v lm tng nhit ca h thng. khi pha kh phn tn vo pha lng xy ra hin tng dn nhit lm nng lng ca cu t ca pha kh b gim. Hn tng ny xy ra do s chuyn ng ca cc phn t kh, lm cho cc phn t ny b xo trn dn ti s cn bng nng lng gia hai pha.- 5 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15Trong thc t c 2 hin tng hp th:Hp th ng nhit: c tin hnh vi s gii nhit pha lng bng thit b truyn nhit b tr trong thp hp th. Nu nng ban u khng ln hoc khi lu lng cht lng ln th s thay i nhit ca cht lng khng ng k.Hp th ng p: din ra khi c s thy i ca mi trng bn ngoi, khi ny c cu thit b c n gin ha nhng iu kin cn bng khng tt.2.3 C 2 phng php hp th:Hp th vt l: c da trn s ha tan ca cu t pha kh trong pha lng y s truyn vt cht trong mi pha c xc nh bng phng trnh truyn khi n nh:G = kF(y yp) = lF(x xp)Cn qu trnh vn chuyn vt cht t pha ny sang pha khc s dng phng trnh:G = KkF(y y*) = KlF(x x*)Trong : G: s mol vt cht c chuyn trong mt n v thi gian, mol/sF: b mt tip xc pha, m2y, x: nng mol cht b hp th trong pha kh v pha lng, mol/m3yp, xp: nng cht b hp th trn b mt phn chia pha trong pha kh v pha lng, mol/m3y*, x*: nng cu t trong pha kh v pha lng cn bng vi nng trong pha kh v pha lng tng ng, mol/m3k, l: h s truyn khi trong pha kh v lng, m/sKk, Kl: h s truyn khi tng qut trong pha kh v lng, m/sQuan h gia h s truyn khi v h s truyn khi tng qut nh sau:l k ll k km KK 1 1 11 1 1+ + Trong m l hng s cn bng phaNu h thng c ho tan cao m (hng s cn bng pha) 0, v vy Kk k. Khi , tr lc ca qu trnh truyn khi tp trung trong pha kh. Khi ha tan nh m c gi tr ln Kl l. Khi , tr lc ca qu trnh truyn khi tp trung trong pha lng. Hp th ha hc: c phn ng ha hc gia cht b hp th v cht hp th. Khi ny hiu nng b mt phn chia tng, vn tc hp th ha hc tng hn khi hp th vt l. Vn tc phn ng ha hc cng tng, vn tc hp th ha hc cng tng.- 6 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15CC LOI THP HP TH: Thit b hp th c chc nng to ra b mt tip xc gia hai pha kh v lng vng ln cng tt. C nhiu dng thp hp th.3.1 Thp phun:L thp c c cu phun cht lng bng c hc hay bng p sut. Trong , cht lng c phun thnh nhng git nh trong th tch rng ca thit b v cho dng kh i qua. Thp phun c s dng khi yu cu tr lc b v kh c cha ht rn.3.2Thp si bt: Kh c cho qua tm c l bn trn c cha lp nc mng.Thp sc kh:Kh c phn tn di dng cc bong bng i qua lp cht lng. Qu trnh phn tn kh c th thc hin bng cch khuy c hc.3.3 Thp m: Cht lng ti ln lp m rng v chy xung di to ra b mt t ca lp m dng kh tip xc khi i t di ln. Thp c p dng khi nng sut nh, mi trng n mn, t l kh v lng ln, khng kh cha bi v hp th khng to ra cn lng.Thp a:Vn tc trong thp ln nn ng knh nh v kinh t hn so vi cc thp khc. Thp c s dng vi nng sut ln, lu lng lng nh v mi trng khng n mn.iu tha mn i vi khi s dng thp hp th nh sau:Hiu qu, c kh nng cho kh i qua, tr lc thp (2NaOH + Cl2 + H2Quy trnh c cc cng an sn xut chnh nh sau:3.1.1 Cng an tinh ch mui s cp:Mui nguyn liu t kho cha c a vo thit b ha tan bng bng ti. Nc mui i t di ln qua ct nc.Cc ion Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, c nh hng xu n qu trnh in phn c kt ta bng Na2CO3, BaCl2, NaOH theo phng trnh sau:SO42- + BaCl2 ----------->BaSO4 + 2Cl-+Ca2+ +Na2CO3 -----------> CaCO3 + 2Na+Mg2+ + NaOH-----------> Mg(OH)2 + 2Na+Cng an in phn:H thng thng in phn hot ng theo cng ngh mng trao i ion. Qu trnh xy ra theo phng trnh sau:2NaCl + 2H2O -----------> 2NaOH + Cl2 + H2- 9 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 153.1.2 Cng an x l nc mui th cp v nc mui ngho:Trong qu trnh in phn ng thi xy ra phn ng ph to sn phm khng mong mun nh ClO-, ClO3-. Cc ion ny tn titrong nc mui ngho v c hi trong qu trnh ti to bo ha nc mui.Cn x l theo cc bc sau:Dng Axit HCl phn hy ClO-, ClO3- thng Cl2.HCl + HClO ----------->Cl2 + H2OHCl + NaClO ----------->Cl2 +NaCl +H2OTch kh Clo ra khi dung dch nc mui bng cch gim p sut ring phn trn b mt dung dch trong thp m lm vic p sut chn khng.3.1.3 Cng an iu dng Xt:NaOH sau khi ra khi thng in phn, mt phn tun han v thng in phn, phn cn li c a ti h thng cha.3.1.4 Cng an iu dng kh Clo, Hydro:Kh Clo, Hydro ra khi thng in phn s c lm ngui. iu chnh p sut thch hp, bo m h thng lun lm vic n nh ( p sut m i vi Clo v p sut dng i vi Hydro)Qu trnh tng hp l phn ng gia Clo v Hydro xy ra trong thp hn hp. Cng ngh sn xut HCl:Axit HCl c tng hp t kh clo v hidro lm ngui, iu kinp sutdng . Qu trnh tng hp l phn ng gia kh clo v hydro xy ra trong thp hnhp Phn tch cc kh nhim t qa trnh in phn: Cmt vi ngungynhimchotrongccqutrnhinphn. Doccin cc lm vic iu kin chn khng thp, trong trng hp khng gi c iu kin lm vic th c th gy ra p sut v dn ti kh cho c th thot ra ngoi khng kh.Ngoi ra cn c mt lng nh clo b thot ra do ly mu v khi thay in cc. Kh clo cng c th b thot ra ngoi ch cc van, vng m ca bm v trc ca my nn.Ti khu vc cho clo vo bnh hoc thng cha clo cng c th c clo thot ra vi lng nh khi cp clo hoc ly ra Kh HCl c hnh thnh trong thp tng hp HCl t H2 v Cl2 , kh ny c a sang thp hp th ti y axit HCl c c to ra do qu trnh hp th hi HCl bng axit long. Dng kh ra khi thp hp th c tip tc i qua thit b phun thu hi phn hi axit cn li. Sauthp tnghp HCl, khthi racn chahiHClchahpthht,mtlng kh Cl2 cn li cng vi kh hidro v hi nc. Tuy nhin hm lng kh Cl2 tng i nh nn khng ng k nn kh thi chnh l HCl vi hm lng - 10 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15yd= 0 ,08 (phn khi lng). Ta s la chn phng php hp l thit k thp c nng sut 5000m3/h x l lng kh thi HCl trn trc khi thi ra ngoi mi trngCC PHNG PHP X L CHUNG:i vi kh thi cng nghip, cc c s cn x l ti ngun, cc phng php x l c bn l:Pha lng kh bng ng khi c chiu cao ph hpThay i nhin liu, nguyn vt liu thit b nhm gim nhim.Lp t h thng x l nhim (lng, lc, thp hp th, phn hy sinh hc)4.1 C s l thuyt ca qu trnh x l kh c hi:Gm 3 phng php chnh:Hp th cc kh c hi bng cht lng: dung dch hoc ncHp th cc cht nhim trn b mt vt liu rn (than hot tnh, than bn, than nu, t xp,.)Bin i ha hc cc cht nhim bng qu trnh thiu t (t chy sau) hoc x l bng cht xc tc i vi kh thi.4.2 Hp th kh bng cht lng: Hp th l qu trnh xy ra khi mt cu t ca pha kh khuch tn vo pha lng do s tip xc gia hai pha kh v lng. Nu qu trnh xy ra ngc li, ngha l cn s truyn vt cht t pha lng vo pha kh, ta c qu trnh nh kh. Nguyn l ca hai qu trnh l ging nhau.Qu trnh hp th tch b mt hay nhiu cht nhim ra khi dng kh thi (pha kh) bng cch x l bng cht lng (pha lng). khi cho hn hp kh tip xc vi cht lng nhm mc ch ha tan chn la mt hay nhiu cu t ca hn hp kh to nn mt dung dch cc cu t trong cht lng.Kh c hp th gi l cht b hp thCht lng dng hp th gi l dung mi (cht hp th)Kh khng b hp th gi l kh tr.Nguyn tc:Cho kh thi tip xc vi cht lng. cc khu ny hoc c ha tan vo cht lng hoc c bin i thnh phn kh khc.Hiu qu ca qu trnh hp th ph thuc vo:S tip xc gia pha kh v pha lngThi gian tip xcNng mi trng hp thTc phn ng gia cht hp th v kh thiPhng php x l ny thng c s dng nhiu trong kh SOx (kh thi t than u v l nu kim loi) H2SO4 (cng ngh sn xut ha cht),- 11 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15LA CHN PHNG PHP X L:Trong cc phng php x l trn, x l lng kh HCl do nh my in phn NaOH-Cl2 thi ra. Phng php thng c s dng l hp th hoc hp ph.Hp th hydroclorua bng nc thng c thc hin trong cc thit b khc nhau.Hiu qa ca qu trnh ph thuc vo lng nc ti. Trong thp m hiu qu x l t n 88%, thp a 90-99%, thp da chp 97.8%.Hp th hydroclorua thng s dng nc hoc dung dch kim NaOH, NaCO3,.. hp th HCl cho php tng hiu qu v ng thi trung ha nc thi. Phng php cho php tn dng hydroclorua sn xut cc Clo kim loi: CaCl2, FeCl3, hp th HCl ngi ta cn dng oxit clorua st, clorua oxit ng trong hn hp vi oxit magi.., to thnh cc phc vi 2 phn t HCl v vi vt liu polime hu c, zeolit,Cc cht hp th ny cho php x l kh vi nng HCl thp n 1% th tch trong khang nhit rng. Phng php ny t s dng do chi ph cao, cht hp ph thng t tin v him.CC PHNG N X L KH HCl:Hp th bng huyn ph CaCO3, sa vi:Hp th bng phng php axitHp th bng nc.LA CHN THIT B:T yu cu v phn tch nh trn. Chng ta s la chn thp hp th l Thp m. Vi: Nng sut l 1200 m3/h = 28800 m3/ng. HCl l mi trng n mn.Hiu sut hp th l 90%Chng 3: S CNG NGH- 12 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh:Kh thi HCl tqutrnhinphni voScublcbbi. Saucaqua thp hp th. Nc t b cha c bm ln bn cao v chy vo thp hp th. Nc c a vo thp hp th qua b phn phn phi lng phi thm t ton b lp m tip xc vi kh thi HCl i t di ln. Ti lp vt liu m trong thp s xy ra qu trnh hp th kh thi HCl vo trong dung mi l nc.Do hiu sut hp th ca thp hp th ch t n 90% nn khong10% lng kh thi s thot ra ngoi qua qut ht i vo ng khi thi ra kh quyn vi tiu chun thi c cho php. 90% kh thi HCl c hp th vo nc thnh dung dch axit clohidric.Dn dung dch qua b trung ha cho hon lu tr li thp hp th, phn cn li cho qua h thng x l nc thi ca nh my. - 13 -Bn cao vKhScub lc biThp hp thng khiPht thiBi X biNc B chaBn chaB trung ha HClCng trnh XLNTBmKhNc thi n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15Chng 4: TNH TON THIT BThng s ban u:Cn bng vt chtLng HCl c hp thu l:M 4 . 22 * ) 005 . 0 1 (9 . 0 * 005 . 0 * 12004 . 22 * ) 1 (* *ye y Qa t = kmol/h u vo:p dng phng trnh trng thi kh l tng, ta c nng kh ban u:Ck =) 30 273 ( 082 , 01+ T R= mol/l=mol/m3 Nng HCl trong khng kh i vo y thp hp thu:Y = 005 . 0 1005 . 01yykmol HCl/kmol khng khNng mol kh HCl u voy = [ ]kC HCl[ ]y HCl kC = =mol/ m3u raVi ea = 90% ea= 9 . 0 c YY YNng HCl trong khng kh i ri khi nh thp hp thu: ) 9 , 0 1 ( * 00503 . 0 ) 9 , 0 1 ( * cY Ykmol HCl/ kmol khng kh Nng kh HCl u ra[ HCl]c = Yc * Ck =Nng phn mol hay phn th tch ca HCl trong hn hp kh u ra:yc =++ 000503 . 0 1000503 . 01ccYY 2.2.1 Sut lng mol hn hp:2.2.2 Ghh = ) 30 273 ( * 082 , 01200 * 1**+T RG P = Sut lng mol kh tr:- 14 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15Gtr = Ghh ( 1 y) = 2.2.3 Sut lng kh HCl u vo:GHCl vo= Ghh - Gtr =2.2.4Sut lng kh u ra:GHCl ra = Ghh * (1 Y * ea) = Phng trnh cn bng2.3.1 Mhh kh = ytb * MHCl + (1 - ytb) * Mkkytb = 2000503 . 0 005 . 02++c y y =0.00275 kmol HCl/ kmol kk Mhh kh ==29,021vC2.3.2kkkk tbl HCtb HClhhhhkhM y y M M +) 1 (Tra bng3/ 1161 m kgocHCl 25 273273* 116125+CHClo kg/m3293 . 10OCkkkg/m3+25 273273* 293 . 1025Ckk kg/m3+1845 . 129 * ) 00275 . 0 1 (601 . 106300275 . 0 5 . 36hhkhihhkhiM 416 . 24021 . 29hhkhi kg/ m3Gi s dung dch hp th c X= 0Ta c phng trnh cn bng Y*= mX ( m = PH)H: hng s Henry ph thuc nhit H = 2200 (tra t QTTB)P: p sut = 760 mmHgX Y 985 . 27602200* khi thay Y*=Y th phng trnh tr thnh:Xc*= HPY 00503 . 02200760*cX Lmin=Gtr*3 . 12700174 . 0000503 . 0 00503 . 0* 86 . 48*t CC dX XY Ykmol/hLtro= K * Ltro min =1,5 * = kmol/h- 15 -[ ]3kg/m 187 . 1) 25 273 ( * 4 . 22273 * 021 . 29) 25 273 ( 4 . 22273 *) 273 ( 4 . 22273 ) 1 (+++ +hhk KK tb HCl tbytbMtM y M y n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15Xc thc t = ( ) ( ) 000503 . 0 00503 . 0 *95 . 19086 . 48c trtrY YLG mol/m3ng lm vic ca thp i qua 2 im:A (X, Yc) = (0; 0.000503)B (Xc, Y) = (0.00116; 0.00503)Phng trnh ng lm vic i qua hai im:Y=3.9X+0.000503Lp bng tnh: Suy ra: noy =Si= 2.0716Tnh thp hp thChn vt liu m l vng s xp ngu nhin: (tra bng trang 193 s tay QTTBCNtp 2) ta c:Kch thc m : 30 * 30 * 3.5 (mm)Din tch b mt ring:= 165 m2/m3Th tch ring phn: = 0,76 m3/m3S vt liu m trong mi m3 m: 25.103Khi lng ring1 m3 vt liu := 570 kg/m33.1 ng knh thp3600 * * 785 , 0tbQD Vn tc ti hn:1]1

16 . 032* ** *lgxlk thg =A 1,75125 . 0 25 . 0*

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lktrtrGLVi:- A = 0,022(tra bng sch bi tp 10)-tb: tc kh trung bnh i trong thp (m/s)-th: vn tc ti hn (m/s)-k l ,: khi lng ring ca pha lng v pha kh 3/ 188 . 1 m kgk ; 3/ 995 m kgl - 310 * 8937 . 0x N.s/m2 nht nghc ca pha lng ( tra bng I.102 trang 95 s tay 1)Gx : lng lng- 16 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15Gx= Ghh * L = 49.11* 190.95 = 9377.55 kg/h=2.605 kg/sGy : lng hiGy= Gtr * Mkk + (Ghh - Gtr) MHCl= * 29 + ( ) * 36.5 =1426.07 kg/h= 0.396 kg/sTh vo cng thc ta c:lg125 . 0 25 . 0316 . 0 3 2995188 . 1*396 . 0605 . 275 . 1 022 . 0995 * 76 . 0 * 81 . 9) 10 * 8937 . 0 ( * 188 . 1 * 165 *

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th( ) 186 . 1 015 . 0 * lg2 ths mthth/ 995 . 1638 . 0 186 . 1 83 . 1 lg 2 Vn tc i qua thp:( )s mtbth tb/ 496 . 1 995 . 1 * 75 . 09 . 0 75 . 0 ng knh thp: m D 532 , 03600 * 496 . 1 * 785 . 01200 Chn ng knh thp l D = 0.6 m = 600mmTnh tit din thp:S = ( )22 22826 . 046 . 0 * 14 . 34*mD 3.2 Chiu cao lp mH = hoy * noyhoy: chiu cao ca 1 lp m2 1**hLG mh hoy+ h1 : chiu cao ca 1 n v truyn khi ng vi pha kh (m)h2 : chiu cao ca 1 n v truyn khi ng vi pha lng (m)Gy : lu lng kh (kg/s)Gx: lu lng lng (kg/s)- 17 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15h kgML GhhO Hxx xxxy y/ 9548 . 0360018* 95 . 1903600*Pr * Re * 56 . 2Pr * Re ** *25 , 0 25 . 03 / 2266 . 0 25 . 01

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s kg Q Gy y/ 396 . 03600188 . 1* 1200 * 123 . 0 h s m : h s thm t ph thuc mt ti thc t v mt ti thch hp= 165 m2/m3 : b mt ring ca vt liu m = 0.76 m3/m3 th tch ring phn3.3 Mt ti thc tSVUxtt S : tit din ca thpVx: lu lng th tch ca cht lng3.4 Mt ti thch hpUth = B *Trong B = 0.158 m3/m2h (tra bng IX.6 trang 177, s tay 2)Uth = 0.158 * 165 = 26.07 m3/m2hVy 466 . 0 thttUUH s thm t 525 , 0 (tra hnh IX.16 trang 178, s tay 2)3.5 Chun s cho pha khRey = y th y ** * 4 , 0

da vo ton trang 451 sch VD&BT ta c:ms kgHCl/ 10 * 014 . 03250 Pry = y yyD *

- 18 -h m m UL Vttx2 33 3/ 16 . 122826 . 0437 . 3437 . 3 10 * 18 * 95 . 190 10 * 18 * n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15Dy: h s khuch tn ca HCl trong pha kh 250 (tra bng 42 trang 428 sch VD & BT 10)Dy = D0 * (2 / 3)oTT Do = 13*10-6276 . 0 ) 8 . 0 ( * ) 4 . 410 (165 * 525 . 0 * 123 . 076 . 08 . 010 * 48 . 1 * 188 . 110 * 014 . 0Pr4 . 410165 * 10 * 014 . 0995 . 1 * 188 . 1 * 4 . 0Re/ 10 * 48 . 127325 27310 * 1366 . 0 25 . 01533 .2 52 / 36 ,_

+ hs m Dyyy 3.6 Chun s cho pha lngx xxxx xxDSG*Pr819 . 010 * 8937 . 0 * 165 * 2826 . 09548 . 0 * 04 . 0* ** 04 . 0Re3 H s khuch tn HCl trong nc 250C c tnh theo cng thc:Vi Dx= D20oC * [1 + 0.02 (t 20)]Vi [cng thc 5.23 trang Sch V d v Bi tp- Tp 10] Vi: l nht ng hc ca nc 20oC =1.005CpA,B: cc h s ph thuc vo tnh cht dung miB = 4.7 dung mi l ncA = 1 i vi cc cht kh, ru, axit hu c Theo bng 5.4 trang 227 sch V d v Bi tp-tp 103 . 28 6 . 24 7 . 3 + + Cl H HClV V V(cm3/mol pt)8 . 14 4 . 7 7 . 3 * 2 + + Cl H HClV V V(cm3/mol pt)T cc s liu trn ta tnh c- 19 -211/21/3 1/3 1/262 22 21 1. . .1011]1

+

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+O H HClO H HCl20M MV V B AD n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15( )) / ( 02 . 21815 . 361.8 . 14 3 . 28 * ) 005 . 1 ( * 7 . 4 * 1102 92 / 123 / 1 3 / 1 2 / 1620s m Dx

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++Suy ra : ( ) [ ]6 . 40410 * 22 . 2 * 99510 * 8937 . 0Pr/ 10 * 22 . 2 20 25 02 . 0 1 * 10 * 02 . 2932 9 9 + xxs m Dm h 46 . 0 6 . 404 * 819 . 0 *99510 * 8937 . 0* 2565 . 0 25 . 03 / 232

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m : h s phn phi pha (m = ) 895 . 2 PH82 . 0 46 . 0 *9548 . 0396 . 0 * 895 . 2276 . 0 + oyhH = hoy * noy = 0.82 * 2 = 1.64mchn chiu cao lp m l 2mH = hoy * noy + (0,81) (cng thc trang 168 s tay 2)H =2 + 1 = 3mTrong : 0,8 1 : khong cch cho php nh thp v y thpVy chn chiu cao ca thp 3m3.7 Tr lc ca thpTn tht p sut ca m t l: 2/ * * 1 m NGGA P Pcyxnxymyxk u11]1

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+ (cng thc IX.118 trang 189 s tay 2)Trong :Tn tht p sut m kh:4 232 ' y y kHP(theo bng IX.119 trang 189 s tay 2)- ': h s tr lc ca m, h s ny ph thuc chun s Rynn Vi Rey = 410.4 > 40 nn:083 . 44 . 41016Re162 , 0 2 , 0' y- 'y: tc ca kh tnh trn ton b tit din thp (m/s)- 20 -43 , 057 , 0 '045 , 0 Re0184 , 016576 , 0 4 4

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xyytdGGArm d n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15y tdyydy''Redtd: ng knh tng ng ca mTc thc ca kh trong lp m:s myt/ 5 . 676 , 0943 . 4' Vy p sut m kh l:232/ 1925876 , 0 * 2 * 4188 . 1 * ) 5 . 6 ( * 165 * 4 * 083 . 4m N Pk Cc h s A, m, n, c ph thuc vo h:5 , 0 081 . 010 . 014 , 010 . 8937 . 0995188 . 1396 . 0605 . 22 , 0338 , 12 , 0 8 , 1<

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yxxyyxGGTra bng IX.7 trang 189 s tay 22015 , 033225 , 0 405 , 0/ 10047010 . 014 , 010 . 8937 . 0995188 , 1396 . 0605 . 24 , 8 1 19258015 , 0225 , 0405 , 04 , 8m N PcnmAu11]1

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+ ;'- 21 -( )( )( )( )s mg dAryyyy x y td/ 943 . 4188 , 1 0184 , 010 . 014 , 0 52 . 771852 . 7718396 . 0605 . 210 . 681 . 3 045 , 0 Re10 . 681 . 310 . 014 , 081 , 9 188 . 1 995 188 . 1 0184 , 03'43 , 057 , 08 '823323 ,_

n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 153.8 Chn b dy thnChn vt liu m: tra bng XII.4 trang 309 s tay 2 ta cThit b lm vic mi trng n mn.Chn vt liu thp khng g; k hiu X18H10T (Trong: X: crm 18%; H: niken 10%; T: titan: 1-15%) .Tra theo bng XII.4 tnh cht c hc ca thp tm ta c:Gii hn ko 2 6/ 10 . 550 m Nk Gii hn chy 2 6/ 10 . 220 m Nch Khi lng ring 3 3/ 10 . 9 , 7 m kg Chn cng ngh gia cng l hn tay h quang in, v kiu hn l hn gip mi mt bn.Tra theo bng XIII.8 Gi tr h s bn hn ca thn hnh tr trang 362 s tay 2 H s bn mi hn 7 , 0 h.Tra theo bng XIII.3 v gi tr h s an ton bn ca mt s vt liu ch to n gin ta c:H s an ton khi ko theo gia hn bn: nk= 2,6H s gia hn chy: nc = 1,5H s gii hn mi: nbl= 1,5H s iu chnh: 1 p dng cng thc trang 355, s tay 2 XIII.1; XIII.2 ta c:ng sut cho php ca vt liu bn: [ ][ ]2 662 66/ 10 . 67 , 146 1 *5 , 110 . 220/ 10 . 54 , 211 16 , 210 . 550m Nnm Nnctckktkk p sut lm vic ca thpP = pmt * H gx* * (theo cng thc I.1 sch H L Vin)Vi pmt= 9,81.104 N/m2Do gii hn bn nhit ln hnp sut lm vic ca thp, da vo bng XIII.11 trang 384 s tay 2Vi D = 600 mm-> Chn chiu dy ca thn l s = 5 mmTnh np v y:Chn np v y thit b dng elip c g- 22 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15ng knh thp D = 600mmTra bng XIII.11; XIII.10 trang 382 s tay 2 ta c:y: Chiu cao hnh elip ht = 150 mmChiu cao g h = 40 mmB dy y s = 10 mmKhi lng = 38kgkhi lng thc ca y l: m = 1,01 * 38 = 38.38kgNp: Chiucaohnh elip ht =150 mmChiu cao g= 25 mmB dy = 6mmKhi lng = 21 kgkhi lng thc ca np l:m = 1,01 * 21 = 21.21 kg3.9 Tnh c kh:Tnh ng ng dn kh: Vn tc trong ng khong 15 25 m/sChn V1 = V2 = 15m/sng knh ng dn kh vo v ra c tnh nh sau:( )mVs m GD1683 , 015 * 785 , 0 * 36001200* 785 , 0 * 3600/131 chn ng knh ng dn kh vo bngng knh ng dn kh raD1 = D2 = 200mmTnh ng knh ng dn lng:ng vo: (vn tc khong 1- 2m/s)Chn V3 = 1,5m/sChn D3 = 32 mmng ra: (vntc 1m/s)- 23 -mVLD0285 , 05 , 1 * 3600 * 785 , 0437 . 3* 3600 * 785 , 033 mVLD0285 , 05 , 1 * 3600 * 785 , 0437 . 3* 3600 * 785 , 033 n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15Chn D4 = 40mmChn b dy thp ca ng vo = 2mmChn b dy thp ca ng ra = 3mm3.10 Tnh bch:Tnh bch ni y v thn y:m1 = ( ) ( ) kg h D Do268 . 23 7900 * 10 . 20 * 6 , 0 740 , 04* *43 2 2 2 2 Tnh bch ni ng dn lng vo thit b:m2 = kg h D Do875 , 1 7900 * 018 , 0 * ) 038 , 0 135 , 0 (4* * ) ( *42 2 2 2 Tnh bch ni ng dn lng ra:m3 = kg h D Do36 , 2 7900 * 02 , 0 * ) 045 , 0 145 , 0 (4* * ) ( *42 2 2 2 Tnh bch ni ng dn kh:m4 = kg h D Do5 7900 * 022 , 0 * ) 219 , 0 29 , 0 (4* * ) ( *42 2 2 2 Tng khi lng bch:kg m m m m m 39 , 740 5 * 2 36 , 2 * 2 875 , 1 * 2 268 , 23 * 6 2 2 2 64 3 2 1 + + + + + + 3.11 a phn phi3.12 Li m3.13 Khi lng ton thn thp3.14 Tnh chn thn bng ng thp trn- 24 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 153.15 Tnh tai treoChng 5: KHAI TON GI THNH- 25 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15Chng 6: KT LUNThphpthtrncthit kdngxlkh HCl tnhmyinphnxt-clo.Thphpthxlcmt lngkh HCl rt lnkh thi urathphnnhiusovi tiuchunchophp, iunyrt cnthit cbit ltronghoncnhhinnaykhi ngnhcngnghiphacht ngycngphttrin.Tuynhinchi phchtothpcngcnhi caovphi xlthmmtlngncthi ldungdchHCl vi nngkhcao.Nuthit kcmt hthnghonlutt stit kimthmcmt lngncdngchohpthu,nhvysgimbtcchi ph vnhnh.V yllnutinthit ktonbmt thphpthunnchcchnvncnnhiuthiuxt,yslkinhnghimqubuchonhnglnthit ktiptheocaem.Xincmnccthyctoiu kin cho em c ng dng thc t bi hc ca mnh. - 26 - n mn hc K Thut X L Kh Thi Nhm 15PH LC: BN V- 27 -