CHNG I: TNG QUAN I . L DO CHN TI Truyn d liu khng dy l mt mng ln trong in t thng tin, d liu c truyn i c th l tng t cng c th l s. Trong truyn d liu khng dy, hiu qu nht vn l truyn bng sng in t hay sng Radio, bi nhng u im l truyn khong cch xa, a hng, tn s hot ng cao. Truyn d liu s c ng dng rt rng ri, nht l trong lnh vc iu khin, thng tin s. Nhiu vi mch h tr x l tn hiu khng dy c s dng nh PT2248, PT2249, PT9148, PT9149, PT2262, PT2272, HT640, HT648 Vn t ra l cc vi mch ny truyn d liu ch dnh cho mc ch ring l iu khin thit b, thng tin c truyn i c m ho sn, s bit d liu truyn i thp, khng ph hp vi nhu cu truyn d liu hng lot v lin tc. Hin nay ti cc ni trng gi xe my, t c rt nhiu xe .Nu nh vy rt kh chng ta c th tm c xe trong hng trm chic xe ang c trng gi .Do chng em chn ti Mch thu RF dng trong bi xe II . MC TIU V NHIM V NGHIN CU 1. Mc tiu Trc mt,chng ta s thi cng 1 thit bi in cho b iu khin d tm xe, t c k hoch pht trin v thi cng nhng thit b khc cho b d tm xe trong bi xe. Trong tng lai, chng ta s m rng v pht trin c nhng thit b ny bng cch m rng kh nng giao tip ca thit b, nh qua Internet hay mng in thoi di ng. 2. Nhim v Chng ta cn tm hiu nguyn l hot ng ca b iu khin d tm l nh th no v ng dng cng ngh vo thc tin.

Chng ta c nhn tng quan hn v cu trc ca thit b trong b iu khin d tm xe,t ta s nh hng c kh nng pht trin ca n. Tng lai c th hon thin c nhng yu cu m mt b iu khin d tm xe cn c. III. I TNG LM TI Sng RF (Radio Frequency) cn gi l Tn s sng Radio hin nay ang c s dng rng ri trong cc thit b iu khin t xa do kh nng truyn nhn tt rong cc mi trng cng nh kh nng thi cng d dng. Hn na b pht v thu sng RF cng ang c mt rng ri trn th trng, gi thnh d chp nhn v tin s dng. Thit b c la chn iu khin trong m hnh ca ti ny l thit b in gia dng trong mng li din 220V. V mt s tnh nng ca tri g D nn n c th p ng mt s nhu cu m ta cn dng n n. CHNG II C S L THUYT V THC TIN I. C s l thuyt Hin nay c nhiu phng php la chn thit b iu khin t xa nh: sng hng ngoi, ng truyn ADSL, mng in thoi, sng RF... Nhng chng em nhn thy phm vi ti cn nh hp, kin thc cn phi trang b nhiu v tnh cht ch yu ca ti l kh nng ng dng cao v thn thin vi ngi dng nn thit b c chn l b pht - thu sng RF hot ng trn tnh nng s dng ca cp IC PT2262 / PT2272. Tm hot ng cho php ca remote t 50-100m vi tn s 315MHz, cho php iu khin 4 knh. Da vo c tnh ca con r le YL303H c th dng p ti 12V DC iu khin tip im chu c 28VDC -10A v 250VAC- 10A CHNG III THIT K V THI CNG MCH IU KHIN THIT B IN TRONG NH BNG SNG RF I. B pht thu RF 1.Cu to B pht RF

B thu RF

1.Nguyn l hot ng ca 2 modul B pht: S dng Chip PT2262 Tn s tn hiu: 315MHz Tm pht 50-100m

B thu: in p s dng: 5V

Dng in tiu th2.5mA Tm thu: 50-150m Modul pht tn hiu RF gm 4 nt nhn. Khi nhn nt, 1 sng c pht ra ti 1 thi im. Modul nhn tn hiu RF l mt b thu ch nhn c duy nht 1 tn hiu ti 1 thi im. Do khng th xut cc ng ra ng thi hay on/off 1 ng ra trn cng 1 nt 2.S nguyn l

a. S mch pht

b. S mch thu

c.S mch bo

3.Mt s linh kin s dng trong mch a.IC 4013

Khi cha c xung CK ( cha nhn phm ) : ng ra Q = 0 , QN = 1 . D liu ti D l 1 v ta ni D vi QN . Khi c xung CK(nhn mt phm),d liu ti D s c np vo v ng ra Q=1, QN=0 . Lc ny trng thi ng s c cht li v ch thay i khi c thm mt xung CK .

b.ULN2003

c.PT2262 v PT2272

Gii thiu: PT2262 v PT2272 l sn phm ca Princeton Technology c pht trin v ra i sau dng m ha 12E/D ca hng Holtek. PT2262 c 2 loi chnh : loi c 8 a ch m ha , 4 a ch d liu v loi c 6 a ch m ha v 6 a ch d liu. M ha 12 bit 1 khung A0-->A7, D0-->D3. Cc linh kin PT2262 a vo vit Nam ch c loi PT2262 vi 8 a ch m ha v 4 a ch d liu. Tng t vi PT2262 c 2 kiu th PT2272 cng c 2 kiu:

PT2272 c 8 a ch gii m v 4 d liu u ra thng c k hiu: T2272 - L4 PT2272 c 6 a ch gii m v 6 gi liu ra: k hiu PT2272 - L6 .

Loi L4 l thng dng vit nam v t c loi L6. PT2262 c " 3 m 12 " m ha tc l c th m ha 531441 m mi c th trng lp li. So vi thng anh HT12E ra i trc n th n tri hn hn v ci khon mt m ny. ( HT12E ch c 2 m 12 m ha ).

Cch m ha PT2262 c th lm c bng cch ni ngn mch cc chn "m ha a ch " ln dng ngun (m ha +) v xung m ngun (m ha -) hoc c th b trng (m ha 0). + D liu + m ha c truyn trn mt khung 12 bit gm 8 bit u l m ha (A0-->A7 ) v 4 d liu . Bi vy bn c th truyn c song song 4 bit d liu 0 hoc 1. Nu truyn d liu th nn mc nh cho 4 chn d liu ny l 0 hoc l 1 bng cch ni thm in tr " ko ln " hoc " a xung GND) trnh nhiu. PT2262 dng dao ng ngoi: n gin l ch cn lp thm 1 in tr dao ng vo chn 15 v chn 16 ca PT2262. + Tn hiu encoder c a ra chn 17 ca PT2262, chn ny thng mc 1 khi tn hiu ngh v mc 0 khi tn hiu hot ng. Tn hiu a ra gm : sng mang dao ng < 700KHz + a ch m ha + d liu. + Tn s Sng mang dao ng c quyt nh bi R chn 15 v 16 v c tnh bng : f = R/12 . V d : mc in tr 470k vo chn 15 v 16 u ra chn 17 s c 470/12 = khong 39Khz ( ci ny c th lm iu khin hoc truyn d liu bng hng ngoi vi con PT2262 y nh. ) (PT2262 c in p rng : C th lm vic c t 2,5V n 15 V . Trong datasheet ca n l t 4 V nhng qua thi gian rt di lm vic v nghin cu con ny c th khng nh c v in p ca n lm vic rt thp. --- " tng ch to v xut xng gn 1 vn mch s dng cp PT2262 v PT2272 lm iu khin ". PT2272 l con gii m ca PT2262 n cng c 8 a ch gii m tng ng + 4 d liu ra + 1 chn bo hiu m ng VT ( chn 17 ). Cch gii m nh sau : Chn 15 v 16 cng cn mt in tr lm dao ng gii m . Trong di hng ngoi hoc di 100KHz c th dng R rt ln hoc khng cn. Nhng t khong 100KHz dao ng tr ln --- th bt buc phi dng R to dao ng cho PT2272. Gi tr R ca PT2272 s bng khong : ( Gi tr R ca PT2262) chia cho 10 ---> v d : PT2262 mc in tr 4,7 megaom th PT2272 s mc 470k

d.in tr in Tr l mt linh kin in t th ng to t mt cng dy dn in Linh K n Biu Tng Kin Hiu V Cu To in Tr Khng in Dn

in Tr

R

Vi in Tr to t mt cng dy dn in m , c kch thc Chiu Di, l , Din Tch, A , v Dn in, c in Dn G

S ph thuc nhit in Tr Khng in Tr Nhn Dng Gi Tr in Tr Khng Dn in Bn Dn in

H Thng Vch Mu gi tr ca in tr Xanh Xanh en Cam Vng L Dn (Tm Xm Trng (Brow (Blac (Re (Orang (Yello Cy g (Viole (Gre (Whit n) k) d) e) w) (Gree (Blue t) y) e) n) ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cch Tnh Gi Tr in Tr Vch mu th nht cho bit gi tr th nht ca in Tr Vch mu th hai cho bit gi tr th hai ca in Tr 8 9

Vch mu th ba cho bit cp s nhn ca ly tha mi Vch mu cui cho bit s thay i gi tr ca in tr theo nhit Th D:in Tr c c vch mu Xanh Xm, en, , Vng Kim . Gi tr Khng tr s l 1 0 X 102 10% = 1000 + 10% = 1 k + 10% 4.Nguyn l hot ng Cc chn m ha ca PT2262 ( chn 1 n chn 8 ),ni th no th cc chn gii m ca PT2272 cng phi ni tng t nh vy. Chn no ni dng, chn no ni m, chn no b trng ...v.v th chn ( 1 n 8 )ca PT2272 hy lm nh th . Khi truyn mt m ng v gii m ng th chn 17 ca PT2272 s c in p cao a ra , bo hiu l ng m ha. 4 chn d liu c th truyn song song, ni tip rt ng lp. Khi tn hiu nhn t PT2262 th PT2272 s xut ra tn hiu n IC 4013 m ha v a ra tn hiu 1 sau tn hiu n ULN2003 kch dng cho c dng in trong cun dy ca r le lm cho tip im thng m ng li khi n bo tai j chn s sng ln v loa s ku.Khi IC4013 ti chn nhn tn hiu 1 ln na th n s tn hiu ra ca n s bng 0 v tn hiu ny s lm cho cun ht ca r le khng c dng in nn tip im thng m s m ra lm cho n bo ti chn tt i v loa s tt i.Hoc ta c th tc ng bng tay khi nhn nt nhn thay cho tc ng bng mch pht.

CHNG4: KT LUN I . Nhn xt Mch thit k n gin, nh gn, tn hiu thu pht tt. Tch hp c ng dng vi iu khin trong mch. Gi thnh r, nguyn vt liu sn c trn th trng, c tnh cng ngh. II. Hng pht trin ti V mch s dng iu khin thng qua vi iu khin nn trong tng lai c th pht trin thm nhiu tnh nng nh: bt tt n theo thi gian quy nh, bt tt khi c ngi hoc khng c ngi bc vo khu vc, ngt in tc thi khi xy ra s c, pht m thanh bo hiu trng thi hot ng. Ngoi ra ta cn c th pht trin nhiu phng thc giao tip hn chng hn: giao tip bng ging ni, mn hnh cm bin hay qua in thoi. Khng ch dng li h thng n, tng lai c th pht trin thm mt s thit b trong nh khc nh tivi, my iu ha, qut... Mc tiu l to ra nhng sn phm c kh nng ng dung vo cuc sng, cht lng nhng gi thnh r, ph hp vi nhu cu sinh hot v tiu dng ca ngi Vit Nam. III . Hn ch Ch mi iu khin c 4 thit b. Cha pht huy ht cc kha cnh ng dng .